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hnuary 1967 



: 

SCHOOL OF I 

OTTAWA, ON?.. 
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anadian 
urse 





habilitation 
of thalidomide 
children 

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tax revisions 

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Each added 
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Materials go to 
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IARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 




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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1%: 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 1 



January 1967 



26 Habilitation of Thalidomide Children: 

The Nursing Approach M. O Brien, M. Owens, and J. Ralph 

29 Impact of Cerebral Palsy on Patient 
and Family 



32 Recent Advances in Heart Surgery 

36 Intensive Care Unit in Cardiovascular 
Surgery 

39 Varicose Veins of the Lower Limb 
43 Nursing Care in Varicose Vein Surgery 

45 Effectiveness of Nursing Visits 
to Primigravida Mothers 

50 Project Bed Rest 



W.A. Hawke 

P. Grondin and C. Meere 

C. Boisvert 

P. Dionne 

M. Rodrigue 

L.S. Brown 



L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle 
J. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 
7 News 
16 Names 

22 New Products 

23 Dates 



25 Editorial 

53 Books 

55 Films 

56 Accession List 
i 1966 Index 

ii Official Directory 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zilm . News Editor: June 
I. Ferguson . Editorial Assistant: Carla D. 
Penn . Circulation Manager: Pierrette Hotte . 
Advertising Manager: Ruth H. Baumel . Sub 
scription Rates: Canada: One Year, $4.50; two 
years, $8.00. Foreign: One Year, $5.00; two 
years, $9.00. Single copies: 50 cents each. 
Make cheques or money orders payable to 
The Canadian Nurse . Change of Address: 
Four weeks notice and the old address as 
well as the new are necessary. Not respon 
sible for journals lost in maii due to errors 
in address. 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on wnite paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Canadian Nurses Association, 1966 



JANUARY 1967 



An item appearing recently in 
a French-language newspaper 
reports that married women in 
Sweden are seriously questioning 
whether it is worth their while to 
seek gainful employment. 
Apparently income taxes are in 
creased disproportionately when 
more than one member of the 
family brings home a paycheck. 
Moreover, the Swedish women 
complain that child care costs, a 
necessary expense for working 
mothers with young children, 
cannot be deducted from income 
tax. 

Similar deterrents to employment 
of married women are found in 
Canada. The income tax structure 
was organized at a time when the 
man in the home was the sole 
breadwinner, and has not been 
revised to keep apace of the 
changing role of women in 
the economy. 

After examining present income 
tax policy as it pertains to married 
women, we became convinced that 
its irrelevancies could be discussed 
adequately only in a full page 
editorial (page 25). 

We believe that a revised Income 
Tax Act that recognizes the role 
of married women in the labor 
force will benefit the country s 
economy as well as individuals and 
their families. We realize, also, 
that taxation procedures inflict 
hardships on many different groups 
within the labor force. In this 
article we are dealing primarily 
with married women who are 
nurses, because we believe that 
anything that inhibits the re-entry 
of professional nurses into a 
practice already short of practition 
ers is detrimental to Canadian 
health services and to Canada. 

Editor. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Nurgents? 

Dear Editor: 

I was delighted to read in your October 
issue that male nurses are likely to be wel 
comed into the study and work of obstetrical 
nursing. 

Seventy years ago I started my nursing 
career in the Samaritan Hospital for Women 
in Glasgow, Scotland and I learned a lot 
that was good to know about women and 
also men. Very soon I felt angry that male 
nurses in military hospitals were called 
"orderlies." I know how kind men can be 
and, even with their extra strength, how 
gently they can handle patients - - often 
better than women. Has anyone thought 
of calling them "nurgents?" With every good 
wish for your magazine. Jean McMartine 
Weir, B.C. 



Dear Editor: 

We were interested to read the article 
"Why not obstetric nursing for male stu 
dents?" (October 1966.) 

As we are men in nursing, we are pleased 
to see articles such as this appearing in 
the magazine. We were surprised to learn 
that only an estimated 60 percent of male 
nurses have had obstetrical nursing exper 
ience. We agree that the rationale for this, 
"that the obstetrical patient would be embar 
rassed if a male nurse attended to her nurs 
ing care needs" is not sound. We wonder 
how these schools reason that women who 
have had male nurses attending to them in 
the caseroom, would be more embarrassed 
in the postpartum period. 

There are six men enrolled in the nursing 
course at the Regina Grey Nuns School of 
Nursing, Regina, Saskatchewan. Two are 
presently in obstetrical nursing. It is man 
datory that we take the full obstetric course, 
theory and practice. 

We perform total nursing care anti- 
and postpartum, with the exception of peri- 
neal care. We will also be having the reg 
ular experience in the caseroom, nursery 
and premature nursery. 

We have exprienced complete acceptance 
by the mothers and the present ward staff. 

We are convinced that all schools of nurs 
ing should attempt to prepare all their stu 
dents, male or female, to be fully qualified 
with a basic understanding in all nursing 
areas. Dave Hunter, R.P.N., and Bill 
Ayotte, R.P.N., senior nursing students, 
Regina Grey Nuns School of Nursing, 

Reciprocity wanted 

Dear Editor: 
We are concerned with the provincial 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



and international re-registration of nurses. 
It seems to us that pettiness and nastiness 
abound. How about action on international 
registration ? 

We are all members of the International 
Council of Nurses, and each delegate is 
recognized as a professional nurse. Is it not 
odd that we should find such difficulty in 
accepting each other outside Geneva? 

We suggest a blitz here and now: All 
Canadian nurses should apply for registra 
tion in at least one other province and one 
other country. This action would give the 
individual nurse experience with this pro 
blem; she would also discover that nurses 
around the world are more alike than dif 
ferent ! 

With this experience, nurses would be 
eager to change the laws that presently bind 
us, and it could provide the impetus to 
break the existing hiatus. Bob Brown, 
R.M.N., S.R.N., Reg.N., and Phil Gower, 
Reg.N., The University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing, London, Ont. 

Unwed Father 

Dear Editor: 

Attention is continually being focused on 
the unmarried mother her problems, 
fears, and responsibilities. I believe it is 
time that an investigation be made into the 
role of the putative or unmarried father. 
Granted, he can escape from the situation 
more easily than an unmarried mother, but 
he does not escape from those problems 
that caused his behavior in the first place. 

The putative or unmarried father is a 
man who produces a child as a result of 
intercourse out of wedlock and who subse 
quently fails to marry the mother before 
the birth of the child. 

Until recently, the only consideration given 
to the problems of the putative father has 
been from a moral standpoint. The psycho 
logical aspects are now coming under in 
vestigation. A boy guilty of promiscuous 
behavior may be using girls to satisfy needs 
that were neglected in his early upbringing 
- needs for affection, attention, indepen 
dence and acceptance. Other theories suggest 
that the putative father, although so insecure 
that marriage would be unthinkable, pro 
duces a child to prove to himself that he is 
ready for marriage. 

Society seems to regard the unmarried 
father as a man who has "let the woman 
down" by not marrying her. This is often 
the case, but there are also many cases in 
which the boy would be willing to marry 
the girl but she refuses or her parents will 
not allow it. In other cases the couple 



mutually agree not to marry. 

Looking on the financial side of things, 
there is the unmarried father whose cons 
cience is headed by cash settlements. When 
this prostitute pattern is brought into the 
picture, the child becomes only the mother s 
in the sight of both parents. 

In contrast, there are men with true 
parental feeling for whom a cash settlement 
would do nothing but increase their sense of 
guilt. In the case of a young man who 
knows enough of modern psychology to 
realize the effect of deprived parenthood on 
a child, this sense of guilt may have a des 
tructive effect on his later relationships with 
his legitimate children. 

The unmarried father will find it hard 
to go to a welfare office for help. He 
always expects severe treatment or at least 
trouble. Knowing that society still regards 
him in a criminal light, he tends to stay 
away from any official person or body no 
matter how much he needs help. It is easy 
to see that some of the apparent irresponsi 
bility of the unmarried father is due to the 
fear he has of social censure. He particularly 
distrusts women social workers because he 
does not think that they will understand the 
man s point of view. 

I believe that if the many mysteries sur 
rounding the unmarried father are to be 
removed, society must adopt a new attitude. 
Instead of isolating the putative father, it 
should treat father, mother, and child as an 
originally linked problem. Only with such an 
approach can society avoid the increasing 
number of adoptions and help to establish 
new families from people who originally saw 
nothing ahead but a life filled with problems 
that they could not solve. Miss Helen 
Staaf, intermediate nursing student, Royal 
Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, B.C. 

Unfair to blame nurses 

Dear Editor: 

I just read the distressed reader s letter 
in the November issue, complaining about 
the indifference of a nurse toward her while 
she was in labor. 

I do not like to see a hospital described 
as turning out poor nurses as the reader 
implies in her letter because I think that 
rather the opposite is true; nor do I like 
to see somebody jumping to the conclusion 
that all nurses are bad nowadays, because 
one nurse possibly slipped up somewhere. 
I said "possibly" because, after all, the nurse 
probably had her instructions from the doc 
tor, and they might well have been different 
from what the patient thought they were. 

Any nurse who has worked in obstetrics 

(Continued on page 6) 

JANUARY 1967 




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JANUARY 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



letters 



(Continued from page 4) 

has come across the case where the doctor, 
for various reasons, does not want to give 
anything for pain until he absolutely has 
to. And furthermore, where was the lady s 
doctor? Did he induce labor at night! 
and then go home? And did he phone back 
or come in person to check his patient s 
progress? She says nothing about that. 
I think it is most unfair of her to put 



all the blame for her neglect, if there was 
any, on the nurses. They were probably 
overworked, and expected her, of all pa 
tients, to have understanding in the situation. 
The only thing that bothers me in that letter 
is that the nurse who came on duty at 11:30 
P.M. did not go in to check the patient. 
Probably there was a good reason why she 
didn t, but it would have been better if she 
had. Above all, it would have reassured the 
patient to know that somebody was keeping 
an eye on her. From the tone of the letter it 
seems obvious that reassurance was what she 
needed most. Mrs. M.E. Mueller, R.N., 
North Battleford. Saskatchewan. 




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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



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Refresher course in Manitoba 

Dear Editor: 

In answer to the letter from "R.N. Mani 
toba" and her comment regarding refresher 
courses (September 1966): St. Boniface Gen 
eral Hospital will be conducting its fourth 
six-week refresher course in February and 
early March of 1967. 

Any nurses from the Winnipeg area inter 
ested in this course can obtain more infor 
mation by writing to the Co-ordinator, In- 
service Education, St. Boniface General Hos 
pital, St. Boniface, Manitoba. (Mrs.) K. 
De Jong, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Compliments 

Dear Editor: 

We have noticed with great pleasure the 
numerous innovations which have been in 
corporated into both The Canadian Nurse 
and L infirmierc canadienne. 

Furthermore, we appreciate that the 
French edition is not a word for word 
translation of the English. 

We would like to congratulate each and 
every member of the editorial staff, hoping 
that they will keep up their enthusiasm in 
order to maintain the spirit of the magazine 
and make it even livelier. Sister Claire 
Bilodeau, Director of the School of Nursing, 
Hopital du St-Sacrement, Quebec. 

Dear Editor: 

Every month after reading THE CANADIAN 
NURSE I think that I should write to ex 
press my appreciation for the very fine 
issues we are receiving. I have procrastinat 
ed long enough, so here are my sincere 
thanks for a difficult job well done. 

This letter was prompted by the opinion 
expressed by Dr. R.W. Sutherland in his 
article "Needed: Nurses Who Are Clinical 
Specialists" (Sept. 1966). I agree with 
every word he wrote. K. Deathe, Toron 
to, Ont. 

Dear Editor: 

The Nursing Sisters Association of Can 
ada, Montreal Unit, express appreciation and 
thanks for the articles and photographs 
published in the November issue. 

Greetings and good wishes to the staff 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. Nancy Kennedy- 
Reid, National President and I. O Reilly, 
President, Montreal Unit. 

Dear Editor: 

I have just received the September issue 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I am an Alberta 
graduate and am currently registered in B.C. 

The new concepts that are prevalent in 
nursing today never cease to amaze me. 
I am proud to say I am a nurse, and also 
a Canadian. 

Keep up the good work, we all can learn 
from one another. E.M. Harrison, R.N., 
Chemainus, B.C. D 

JANUARY 1967 



news 



Dublin-Born Nurse 
to Study in Canada 

Sister Gene vie ve, S.R.N., principal tutor 
at the Mater Infirmorum Hospital, Belfast, 
will study nursing education in Canada as 
a result of winning the 1966 Glaxo Scholar 
ship administered by the British Common 
wealth Nurses War Memorial Fund. 

This is the eight successive year that 
Canada has been chosen by a Glaxo Scho 
lar as a training center. 

Sister Genevieve, who was presented with 
her award by Queen Mother Elizabeth at a 
birthday reception at St. James s Palace to 
celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Fund, 
will arrive in Montreal early in April. She 
will study post-basic courses in obstetric 
nursing, operating room nursing, and 
psychiatric nursing at the Royal Victoria 
Hospital. 

The 500 scholarship will also take her 
to Toronto, New York, Washington, D.C., 
St. Louis, San Francisco, and Chicago. 

The Glaxo Scholarship is one of several 
available through the British Commonwealth 
Nurses War Memorial Fund. It was set up 
in 1945 as a memorial to the 3,000 nurses 
and midwives of the British Commonwealth 
who lost their lives in the Second World 
War. The Fund has to date sponsored over 
150 scholars and two research fellows. 

UWO School of Nursing 
Sponsors Fifth Seminar 

To assist senior nursing executives toward 
better job performance, the school of nursing 
of the University of Western Ontario has 
arranged an 11 -day seminar June 12-23, 
1967. 

Sessions are planned for six days, Monday 
through Saturday noon the first week; for 
five days, Monday through Friday afternoon, 
the second week. Featured speakers will 
include Mother M. St. Michael, professor of 
philosophy, Brescia College, UWO; Dr. 
Catherine M. Norris, nurse educator and 
author, formerly professor of nursing at 
the University of New Mexico; Dr. R. Hodg 
son, associate professor of the school of 
business administration, UWO; and Dr. 
Elizabeth Hagen, professor of psychology 
and education at Columbia University. 

Interspersed throughout the two-week 
program will be lecture-discussion sessions, 
group analyses of cases, films, role-playing 
and individual guided study. 

Enrollment will be limited to 75 appli 
cants who will be selected on the basis of 
their present positions and responsibility for 
administration. Efforts will be made to 
select a representative group from nursing 
JANUARY 1967 




Queen Mother Elizabeth presents the 1966 Glaxo Scholarship to Sister Gene 
vieve of Dublin. This scholarship, administered by the British Commonwealth 
Nurses War Memorial Fund, will enable Sister Genevieve to study nursing 
education in Canada during the coming year. 



service administrators in hospitals, nursing 
service administrators in public health, nurs 
ing education administrators, and adminis 
trators and consultants in professional or 
ganizations. 

The course fee is $250 to include classes, 
study materials, lodging, and meals. Appli 
cation forms, which should be completed 
and returned to the School prior to March 
1, 1967, are available upon request. 

CNA Publishes Guide 

for Two-Year Diploma Programs 

A guide dealing with the development of 
two-year diploma programs in educational 
institutions has just been published by the 
Canadian Nurses Association. 

Approved for publication at the pre- 
convention executive meeting, it is designed 
for educators considering such programs, 
whether in a community college, junior 
college, vocational school or technical school. 

Called Guiding Principles for the Develop 
ment of Programs in Educational Institu 
tions Leading to a Diploma in Nursing, the 
document covers planning and investigation, 
organization and administration, faculty, 
students, curriculum and instruction, and 
physical facilities. 

The publication is available upon request 
from the CNA. Price $1.00. 



New Brunswick Nurses Take 
Important Step in Nursing 
Education 

The New Brunswick Association of Regis 
tered Nurses has asked the provincial 
government to take immediate steps to 
implement the plan for the education of 
nurses and health workers generally, as ad 
vocated in Portrait of Nursing by Dr. 
Katherine MacLaggan. 

The nurses request to government has 
been supported by citizens committees from 
all areas of the province chaired by Dr. 
Allan Sinclair of the University of New 
Brunswick law faculty. 

The proposals for the new system of edu 
cation concern a variety of health workers 
described as Nurse Grade I, Nurse Grade II, 
Wardkeeper and Ward Secretary. 

Both nursing groups would be prepared 
at the post high-school level within the 
province s general educational system. The 
Nurse Grade I would constitute 75 percent 
of the nursing complement and would be 
educated in a two-year period at new health 
institutes recommended for Saint John, 
Moncton, and Campbellton. Twenty-five per 
cent of the nurses, called Nurse Grade II, 
would be educated in New Brunswick s two 
established university schools of nursing. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 

The proposed health institutes would also 
educate the ward secretary and other per 
sonnel for the health field and would be 
administered by an independent council res 
ponsible to the minister of education. 

Envisioned under the program would be 
a phasing-out of existing schools of nursing 
over a period of years when newly-trained 
staff become available. It is estimated that 
from the start at any given time, a period 
of three years would be necessary for 
implementation. Existing health personnel 
trained under the present system would be 
retrained and protected on staff while new 
trainees would be trained under the propos 
ed new system. 

The plan suggests that the first pilot 
health institute be established in Saint John 
because of important community facilities, 
especially in an institute in close proximity 
to St. Joseph s and the Saint John General 
Hospitals. 

A Moncton institute on or near the Uni 
versity of Moncton campus which would 
provide easy access to hospitals, arts and 
science facilities is recommended. 

A third institute is invisioned in Camp- 
bellton to serve between 300-400 students 
at a cost of between one and two million 
dollars. 

The NBARN suggests that the capital cost 
of such institutes be born by the province 
which would be able to avail itself of health 
resources grants from the federal govern 
ment. 

The plan, which was published in 1965, 
has been endorsed by the Canadian Nurses 
Association. 

Alberta Nurses Serve in Africa 

Two instructors from the Foothills Hos 
pital school of nursing are in Geneva being 
briefed for World Health Organization as 
signments in West Africa. 

Margaret Svenningsen and Terry Knapik 
left Calgary New Year s Eve for WHO s 
headquarters at the Palais des Nations. 
Before taking up their two-year appointments 
in Ghana and Gambia they will stop over 
at Brazzaville in the Congo for further 
orientation. 

Miss Svenningsen will be teaching psy 
chiatric nursing at the University of Ghana. 
This is part of a two-year course for grad 
uate nurses. Her duties will include develop 
ing the mental health aspects of the cur 
riculum and also training a native African 
counterpart. 

Two hundred miles away, Miss Knapik 
will be teaching public health in the school 
of nursing at Bathurst. She will also train 
a native African counterpart and will be an 
advisor to the Minister of Public Health 
in Gambia. 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Nurses Recognized by Order of St. John. Three prominent members of 
the nursing profession pause for a photograph in the foyer of Government 
House in Ottawa after the Annual Investiture of the Order of St. John in 
November. They are, left to right: M. Pearl Stiver, former executive director 
of the Canadian Nurses Association; M. Christine Livingston former 
director-in-chief of the VON, and Margaret M. Hunter, chief nursing 
officer for St. John Ambulance in Canada. Miss Stiver and Miss Livingston, 
co-authors of St. John Ambulance s new Home Nursing textbook "Patient 
Care in the Home," which was released earlier this year, were honored 
with the rank of Commander Sister by the Order of St. John. 



Both nurses plan to remain with WHO 
following their tour of duty in West Africa. 

Home Care Topic for Institute 

Dalhousie University s school of nursing 
is sponsoring its 16th Annual Institute, 
February 8-10, 1967. 

The topic of the three-day workshop will 
be Co-Ordinated Home Care Programs. Mrs. 
Rosetta Lippe, assistant director of training 
and extended services in home care with 
New York s Montefiore Hospital, will be 
the conference leader. She will be assisted 
by members of the nursing and allied pro 
fessions in the Atlantic provinces. 

The aim of this year s institute is to 
enable all branches of nursing to fully un 
derstand Medicare s implications for home 
care. It will be held at the Victoria Gen 
eral Hospital Nurses Residence. Registration 
fee is $2.00. 

Medical Education 
Research Unit Established 

To find out what it takes to make a 
good doctor, the University of Toronto has 
established a medical education research 
unit the first in North America. 

The unit will include two medical doc 
tors, one of whom is a professor of psy 
chology and education, a data processing 
expert, and a statistician. They will seek 



answers to these questions: 

What are the qualities needed in a mo 
dern physician? 

What types of education, both general 
and specialized, will best prepare the doctor? 

What personal qualities are most likely 
to suit a student for the medical profes 
sion? 

The research team does not expect to have 
the answers for about 10 years. 

Newfoundland Seminar 
"One of the Best" 

The recent two-day workshop sponsored 
by the ARNN S committees on nursing edu 
cation and nursing service has been termed 
"one of the best." 

It is the second workshop held this year 
and according to ARNN President Janet 
Story "enthusiasm and attendance exceeded 
expectations." There were over 226 regis 
trants at the St. John s workshop and 100 
at the workshop in Gander. 

The seminar had as its theme "Analyzing 
Nursing Needs," with delegates discussing 
such topics as future planning to improve 
nursing care and team nursing. 

Consultant to the workshop was Mrs. 
Huguette Labelle, associate director of nurs 
ing education at the Ottawa General Hos 
pital. She addressed the delegates on the 
responsibilities of every team leader and 
emphasized the importance of such people 
in assuring good patient care. 

JANUARY 1967 



want to 

pay less 
income tax? 




Here s how smart Canadians are paying less 
income tax and building a retirement income to 
supplement their Canada Pension Plan. 



WHAT S AN ANNUITY? 

A Canadian Government 
Annuity is an investment 
you make to guarantee 
you a definite income 
when your working days 
are over. The premiums 
you pay may be deduct 
ible (within certain 
limits) for income tax 
purposes. This means that 
anybody can plan for an independent retire 
ment and cut income tax now. Those income 
tax savings will help you pay for your 
Annuity with very little financial strain. 

CHOOSE A PLAN 

TO SUIT YOUR NEEDS 

Whether you re just starting to work or 
ready to retire, you can choose a plan to 
suit your needs. It will depend upon your 




age, your future family and employment plans, 
the amount of income you want upon retiring. 

For instance, you can choose the Life Plan 
for a monthly income as long as you live. 
Or the Guaranteed Plan, also payable for 
life but in any event guaranteed for a 
definite number of years 5, 10, 15 or 20. 
Or the Contingent Survivor Plan which 
continues payments to your 
widow after your death. 
Your local Canadian 
Government Annuities 
Representative can help 
you decide which is the 
best plan for you. 

YOU CAN TAKE 
IT WITH YOU 

Your Canadian Government Annuity is fully 
portable. That means that if you change 
jobs, move, or go into business for yourself, 
there s no need to interrupt your payment 
pattern or alter your future plans. 




Perhaps you re already paying into a reg 
istered pension plan through your employer. 
If on termination of employment you are due 
to receive a lump sum payment, you would 
normally have to pay quite a bit of tax on 
that payment. But if you use the lump sum 
to buy a Canadian Government Annuity, 
registered as a Retirement 
Savings Plan, this sum 
would not be taxable. 

A SECURE SUPPLE 
MENT TO OTHER 
RETIREMENT INCOME 

Now is the time to plan 
for an adequate retirement 
income. Start now to build a supplement to 
the Canada Pension Plan benefits or income 
from other investments with a Canadian 
Government Annuity. Talk it over with the 
helpful Canadian Government Annuity 
Representative near you, or fill in and mail 
the coupon postage free. 




CANADA DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR, OTTAWA 
JANUARY 1967 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



(Continued from page 8) 

Canadian Welfare Council Says 
Action Needed to Increase 
Health Manpower 

The Canadian Welfare Council urges im 
mediate action to increase Canada s health 
manpower and improve the distribution and 
quality of personal health services during 
the period before the Medical Care Act is 
implemented. 



This is the gist of a resolution from the 
Council s Board of Governors, addressed to 
the federal government and circulated to 
provincial premiers and ministers of health 
and welfare. 

Commenting on the resolution, B. M. 
Alexander. Q.C., president of the Council 
said: "Like most members of parliament, 
including those in the government, we very 
much regret any postponement in the date 
of implementation. Apart from other con 
siderations, the connection between poverty 
and untreated ill health is all too obvious, 
and adequate health care measures are es 
sential to any realistic attack on poverty. 



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FLEET ENEMA s fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4!/ 2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
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as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Eocn J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
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Montreal 3, P.O. 



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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Delay in improving health care is therefore 
most unfortunate, and we sincerely hope 
that it will be possible to advance the in 
troduction of medicare from July I, 1968. 
We are also very concerned that prepara 
tions for implementation - - and this, of 

course, means action by the provinces 

should not slow down in this interim 
period. It is all to easy to relax once the 
pressure of an urgent deadline is eased." 

On the question of health manpower and 
the distribution and quality of services, Mr. 
Alexander pointed out that although the 
Medical Care Act provides the major mecha 
nism for payment for medical care, strong 
concurrent action is needed on these other 
points if the program is to be truly ef 
fective. 

"The Royal Commission on Health Serv 
ices, while urging that initiation of a medi 
cal care program should not wait for an 
increase in health service resources, never 
theless strongly recommended a crash pro 
gram to strengthen them", Mr. Alexander 
said. "The Commission particularly referred 
to strengthening of health personnel, which 
is the first step in improving distribution and 
quality of services. We need to start now. 
through every means, public and private." 

Mr. Alexander stated that the Council s 
resolution was prepared by its recently es 
tablished Committee on the Health Aspects 
of Welfare, under the chairmanship of Dr. 
John E.F. Hastings of the University of 
Toronto School of Hygiene. 



Controversy Among Montreal s 
English-Speaking Nurses 

The English-speaking nurses of the Mon 
treal region have decided to undertake 
collective bargaining to regulate their work 
ing conditions. This change in attitude 
toward collective bargaining is partly because 
the Hospital Services Commission has tended 
to equalize salaries and working conditions 
throughout the province, and partly because 
the Association of Registered Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec has urged its members 
to use this means. 

At present two groups are competing to 
represent English-speaking nurses. The En 
glish-speaking chapter of District 1 1 held 
a meeting on December 5, 1966, at which 
the members adopted a resolution urging 
the nurses of the chapter to form an asso 
ciation to negotiate for working conditions. 
About 1,200 nurses were present at this 
meeting. During the following days, some 
5,000 nurses from the chapter were asked to 
vote in favor of the new Association and 
to sign a registration card. 

When this organizational procedure has 
been completed, the new association, which 
will most probably be called the United 
Nurses of Montreal, will immediately seek 
to become accredited as bargaining agent 
with the Labour Relations Board. 

(Continued on page 12) 
JANUARY 1967 



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news 



(Continued from page 10) 

The chapter president, Miss Moyra Allen 
told the press that the association will be 
independent of the large unions and will 
not resort to strike action. 

The Act regulating professional nursing 
in the Province of Quebec stipulates in Ar 
ticle 17 that "Each local association may 
negotiate, conclude and sign as agent . . . 
collective contracts or agreements with any 
category of employer." 

On the other hand, a group of nurses 
from the Jewish General Hospital, under 



the leadership of Miss Ruth Arnold, have 
already organized themselves, and have 
formed another organization known as the 
Metropolitan Association of Nurses. On 
November 24, 1966, this association asked 
for accreditation from the Labour Board 
and has begun recruiting nurses in other 
Montreal hospitals. 

At a meeting on December 8, 1966, this 
group declared that the chapter (through the 
United Nurses of Montreal) could not nego 
tiate for nurses as a large number of its 
members were nurses who held administra 
tive positions. Their lawyer, M. Marc La- 
pointe, also maintained that only the Metro 
politan Association of Nurses could obtain 
the necessary accreditation to represent the 
nurses. According to Miss Arnold, the 



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WHO 

World Health Organization 

FAO 

Food and Agriculture Organization 

Two of our International Organizations are concerned mainly 
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UN 

United Nations Organization 

UNESCO 

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 
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Would you like to receive a catalogue of their reports on re 
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Write to : 

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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



district 11 Chapter should limit its actions 
to problems of a professional nature. 

It is premature to predict the outcome of 
these associations. The provincial association, 
the ANPQ, is not taking part in this debate; 
it is strictly a matter between the English- 
speaking chapter District 1 1 and the Metro 
politan Association of Nurses as autonomous 
organizations. 

Baccalaureate Awards in 68? 

Students aiming for baccalaureate degrees 
in nursing may be eligible for Canadian 
Nurses Foundation awards if Parliament 
approves a proposed change in the Founda 
tion s Letters Patent. 

At the CNF annual general meeting held 
Tuesday, December 6, 1966, at CNA House 
in Ottawa, it was proposed that the Founda 
tion awards, formerly available only to 
those enrolled in master s or doctoral degree 
programs, be extended to cover those seek 
ing baccalaureate degrees. 

A favorable vote carried the proposed 
amendment to the CNF Letters Patent. Un- 
anamously passed was a member s resolu 
tion that the awards selection committee 
give priority to students enrolled in master s 
and doctoral courses. 

Awards to baccalaureate students will not 
be available during the 1967-68 term since 
Parliamentary approval must be secured 
before the proposal can be implemented. 

Elected to serve on the new board during 
1967 and 1968 were M. Jean Anderson, 
Verna Huffman, Mrs. Eva T. McCutcheon 
and Alma Reid, and five members of the 
CNA Board of Directors: Dr. {Catherine 
MacLaggan, Mrs. Helen P. Glass, Phyllis J. 
Lyttle, E. Louise Miner, and Janet Story. 

These new board members will serve two- 
year terms as approved by constitutional 
amendment at the general meeting in 1965. 

Canadian Nurses at Expo 67 

Schools of nursing across Canada are 
cooperating with the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation in providing the nursing personnel 
necessary for its exhibit at Expo 67. 

Twenty-one graduate nurses and 78 stu 
dent nurses, on a rotating basis, will staff 
the ultra-modern "Nurses" Station for 
Intensive Observation" in the Man and 
his Health Pavilion. 

Equipped with telemetering and recording 
devices, television monitors and inter-com 
munication equipment, the station has been 
specially designed to show Expo s millions 
of visitors how nurses will be trained to 
maintain continuous observation of patients 
respiration rate, pulse, electrocardiograph 
pattern, and other parameters in providing 
intensive care. 

The graduate nurses will wear uniforms 
specially designed for the occasion with pins 
and caps of their respective schools. Student 
nurses will be in the distinctive uniforms of 
their schools. A roster of the participating 
schools and hospitals will be on one wall of 
the exhibit. 

JANUARY 1967 



news 



New Immigrants Protected 
Against Hospital Bills 

Newly-landed immigrants entering Ont 
ario without hospital insurance will in 
future be able to obtain temporary pro 
tection from Blue Cross until their govern 
ment hospital insurance takes over. 

Hospital insurance regulations in Ontario 
and most other Canadian provinces require 
new applicants to wait approximately three 
months before becoming eligible for bene 
fits. Until now. no alternative coverage has 
been available during this interim period, 
and the individual immigrant (or his sponsor) 
has been exposed to the possibility of heavy 
hospital bills. 

The new "Landed Immigrant" plan re 
cently announced by Ontario Blue Cross 
answers this threat by taking care of any 
hospital expenses up to a maximum of $30 
a day, the average daily hospital charge in 
Ontario. To obtain this coverage for a 
maximum period of 90 days (or until 
government hospital benefits become ef 
fective, whichever is sooner), the individual 
immigrant will pay to Blue Cross one 
premium of $14.94. The cost to a family, 
consisting of husband, wife and unmarried 
children up to age 21, will be $28.98. As 
the "Landed Immigrant" coverage cannot be 
continued beyond 90 days, it will still be ne 
cessary for an immigrant to apply for govern 
ment hospital insurance immediately upon 
arrival here to avoid a gap in protection. 

Although the 90-day hospital coverage is 
at present available only to persons immi 
grating to Ontario, Blue Cross Plans in other 
provinces have expressed interest in offering 
similar protection to their own immigrants. 

Immunity Test 

for German Measles 

A test for detecting immunity to rubella, 
commonly known as German measles, has 
been developed by scientists of the U. S. 
Public Health Service s National Institutes of 
Health. The test, called hemagglutination-in- 
hibition (H-I), was developed in the Division 
of Biologies Standards Laboratory of Viral 
Immunology of which Dr. Meyer is chief. 

The rubella H-I test employs the biolo 
gical principle of hemagglutination or red 
blood cell clumping, used successfully in 
studies on influenza and other diseases. Dr. 
Meyer and his co-workers found that special 
preparations of rubella virus cause the red 
blood cells of newly hatched chicks to 
clump. When they added a sample of 
blood from a person immune to German 
measles, the antibodies in the immune blood 
inhibited clumping. Thus, the inhibition of 
agglutination demonstrates the presence of 
antibody and immunity. 

The new test is so simple and reliable 
that a physician can determine within three 
JANUARY 1967 



Medical Care at Expo 67 



About 30,000 to 42,000 persons will 
require medical care during the six-month 
International Exhibition in Montreal this 
summer -- and Expo 67 officials will 
be ready for them. 

Medical aid at Expo will be provided 
in two main types of facility: first aid 
stations and medical aid clinics. As well, 
more than 1,500 personnel will be pre 
pared to administer emergency first aid 
treatment on the spot. 



Medical Aid Clinic- 




Four Medical 
Aid clinics will 
be set up, one 
in each sector 
Mackay Pier, 
He Sainte-Hele- 
ne, La Ronde. 
and He Notre- 
Dame. Each of 
these will be a 




10-bed hospital with facilities and staff 
to care for patients for up to 24 hours, 
if necessary. 

Negotiations are in progress to have 
the clinics serve as an extension facility 
of four of the larger Montreal hospitals. 
Patients requiring longer term hospitaliza- 
tion or more intensive care than the 10- 
bed facility can offer will be transferred 
to one of the larger institutions. 

Clinics will have two wards one of 
four beds, another of six kitchen, re 
ception, treatment and service rooms. 

First Aid Posts 

As well as the clinics, there will be 



two first aid posts in each sector. These 
will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. 
and will be staffed by St. John Ambu 
lance personnel. 

Many of the pavilions and exhibit 
areas are also planning first aid facilities. 
These will work 
closely with the 
Expo-sponsor 
ed services. 
Six ambulances 
will be provided 
for transport of 
patients on the 
Expo grounds 
and for taking 
patients to city hospitals. 

Forecasts 

Expo officials are expecting about 
270,000 people to visit the huge site 
each day. Based on statistics from the 
Brussels, New York, and ether major 
exhibitions, about 380 people will require 
treatment for first aid each day; 115-150 
will be referred to Medical Aid Clinics; 
and about 8 to 20 will require hospitali- 
zation. Facilities are expected to handle 
this number with relative ease. 

The most common disorders anticipated 
to require medical care at Expo are: 
minor cuts, falls, sprains, heat stroke, 
heart attacks, food poisoning, drownings, 
and maternity cases. 

In addition, Expo has worked closely 
with the Quebec Government Emergency 
Measures Organization to prepare a dis 
aster plan for the area. 



hours whether an expectant mother has anti 
bodies against the disease. It is also capable 
of detecting immunity years after infection. 

The major hazard of rubella virus lies 
in the risk of its transmission to the fetus 
during early pregnancy, resulting in such 
defects as blindness, deafness, congenital 
heart disease, and brain involvement result 
ing in mental retardation. 

Since the new immunity test is so inexpen 
sive and easy to perform, it is expected to 
become routinely available in hospitals, 
health departments, and other laboratories 
within the near future. 

Leukemia and Mongolism 
Investigated 

A paper prepared by the National Cancer 
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 
Bethesda, Maryland, examines the effects 
of maternal age and birth order on the risk 
of mongolism and leukemia. Authors 
Charles Stark and Nathan Mantel study 
children born in Michigan during 1950-64. 

They discovered a striking association 
between maternal age and mongolism, but 



found that birth order did not independently 
affect the risk of mongolism. On the other 
hand, both maternal age and birth order 
independently affected the risk of death 
from leukemia. 

Risk of death from leukemia decreased 
with advancing birth order and increased 
with advancing maternal age. Except for the 
older maternal age groups, these trends for 
leukemia are in contrast to the effects of 
maternal age and birth order on death due 
to all causes. This contrast suggests that 
maternal age and birth order may be closely 
associated with the etiological agents of 
childhood leukemia. 

Ontario Hospital Receives Grant 

National Health and Welfare Minister 
Allan J. MacEachen has announced that a 
federal grant of $281,938 for the Leaming 
ton District Memorial Hospital has been 
approved. The grant will assist construction 
and renovation programs for the hospital. 

A new addition will provide space for 

80 active treatment beds and 14 chronic 

care beds. (Continued on page 14) 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



(Continued from page 13) 

Renovations will improve patients rooms 
in the existing building. They will also pro 
vide for improving and expanding the kit 
chen, x-ray department, laboratories, deliv 
ery and operating rooms. 

The work is expected to be completed 
next month. 



Parents Enthusiastic 

About Hearing-Test Program 

A new program to detect hearing defects 
in newborn children has been launched at 
the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. 

Dr. David Halperin, otolaryngologist-in- 
chief of the hospital, said the object of the 
program is to develop normal speech in the 
deaf child so that he may attend regular 
school classes by the time he reaches school 
age. "Until now, even though hearing loss 
in children could be detected at an early 
age, nothing could be done for them. This 
hearing loss resulted in development of 
speech defects," he said. 

Three different, small, portable machines, 
which have recently become available, can 
test hearing ability within days after birth. 
This breakthrough makes it possible to in 



stitute the corrective program at the hos 
pital. When deafness is detected in a child 
at birth, he can now be supplied with a 
hearing aid by the time he is six months old. 

Parents of newborn children at the Jewish 
General Hospital have responded enthusias 
tically to the project. Upon admission to 
hospital, the mother-to-be receives a bi 
lingual leaflet explaining the program. 

The leaflet says that "the incidence of 
hearing loss at birth is very small one out 
of a thousand newborns will have such a 
problem. If this one in a thousand is de 
tected within the first few weeks after birth, 
the development of speech defects will be 
avoided by taking immediate and appro 
priate training and educational measures." 

To test as many infants as possible, the 
hospital s clinic for communication disorders 
is working closely with its pediatric clinic 
and with the Herzl Health Service Centre. 
The cooperation of private pediatricians has 
also been obtained. 

The hearing testing program is twofold. 
Under the supervision of the hospital s au- 
diologist, Miss Sylvia Dubitsky, specially 
trained volunteers conduct tests either in 
the mother s room or in the nursery. After 
repeated testing to confirm the findings, 
any infant whose hearing is found to be 
impaired is sent to the McGill Project for 
Deaf Children for education and training. 
The McGill Project is under the direction of 



Daniel Ling, formerly principal of the Oral 
School for the Deaf and a leading authority 
in his field. The Project is staffed by teach 
ers specially trained for the work. 

The Royal Victoria and Queen Elizabeth 
Hospitals are both setting up hearing test 
ing programs similar to that now in opera 
tion at the Jewish General Hospital. 

"It is our ultimate aim to make it pos 
sible for every child with congenital hearing 
defects to attend a regular school at school 
entrance age," said Dr. Halperin. "There 
is no need, with all the facilities available, 
for any child to be isolated as a handicapped 
individual." 

Anti-Smoking Measures Continue 

A Smoking Withdrawal Study Center has 
opened in Toronto under the direction of 
Dr. N. Delarue of the University of Toron 
to and Dr. G. W. O. Moss, Deputy Medical 
Officer of Health for the City of Toronto. 

This experimental center hopes to deve 
lop new approaches to assist adults to stop 
smoking as well as to determine reasons for 
the successes or failures observed. 

One of the basic objectives of the Can 
adian Smoking and Health Program is to 
encourage smokers to discontinue the habit. 
Through health education it is also endea 
voring to dissuade non-smokers from acquir 
ing the habit. 



Facts about 
Registered Nurses 
in Canada 



age 



Source: Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 1966 




35 - 44: 20.3 % 



45-54: 15.0% 



55 and over: 
10.5% 



Age not reported: 
7.9 % 



24 & under.- 12.7% 



25-34.- 33.7% 



14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



news 



PMAC Head Urges Stronger 
Patent Laws 

The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Asso 
ciation of Canada believes that stronger pat 
ent laws are needed to encourage pharmaceu 
tical production and research in Canada. 

Association president. Dr. Wm. W. Wigle, 
told the Commons Special Committee on 
Drug Costs and Prices recently that patents 
and the economic incentives they provide 
are essential to the discovery and continuing 
flow of health-restoring and life-saving phar- 
niaceuticals. 

Stressing the dangers inherent in any sug 
gestion that drug costs could be lowered by 
abolishing patents, Dr. Wigle said "from 
a therapeutic point of view it would be a 
medical catastrophe because research for 
new cures would be seriously arrested." He 
suggested that from an economic point of 
view it would destroy a growing industry 
and reduce it to nothing more than a collec 
tion of import houses and imitators. 

PMAC s patent advisor, Gordon Hender 
son, Q. C., pointed out to the committee 
that a patent not only encourages inven 
tion through research but constitutes an 
incentive to production. "The abolition of 
patents would lead to the Canadian market 
becoming dependent upon foreign producers 
with the risk that necessary drugs might be 
come unavailable in times of great need," he 
said. 

The association recommends that patent 
protection for drugs be strengthened by per 
mitting patents on drug products rather than 
just on manufacturing processes as at present. 

Manitoba Doctors Want 
Higher Pay 

Manitoba doctors have threatened to with 
draw from the province s doctor-operated 
medical insurance plan unless their demands 
for higher remuneration are met. 

The Manitoba Medical Service covers 
about 600,000 of the province s 1,000,000 
people. Doctors now receive payment on the 
basis of 80 percent of their operating fee 
schedule. They want 100 percent and threa 
ten to withdraw from the plan by July 1, 
1967, if they do not get it. 

At a special meeting of the Manitoba Me 
dical Association, some 200 doctors endorsed 
a resolution by president-elect, Dr. G. E. 
Mosher, asking that MMS achieve full pay 
ment of the fee schedule by mid- 1967. 

According to Dr. Mosher, the pro-rating 
principle was used when MMS was establi 
shed because it was needed to keep the ser 
vice solvent and the service was intended 
for low-income subscribers. "We cannot 
stand aside and idly watch economic factors 
wear away our standards until we are giving, 
and are receiving, assembly-line medicine." 

Dr. Mosher said that if the MMS failed 

JANUARY 1967 



to comply with the resolution, he would 
ask every doctor in Manitoba for a signed, 
undated letter, opting out of the plan. 

If the doctors demand is met, it could 
mean an increase in MMS subscriber fees of 
between 20 and 25 percent. 

Doctors say if they pull out of MMS, 
their services will still be available to their 
patients but on a direct basis. 

U.S. Study Reveals Shortage 
of Hospital Personnel 

A new study of health manpower sup 
ply and needs in United States hospitals 
reveals significant shortages in all categories 
of professional and technical personnel. 

The U.S. Department of Health, Educa 
tion and Welfare announced recently that 
comprehensive information on hospital man 
power is now available from a study made 
jointly by the American Hospital Associa 
tion and the Public Health Service. 

The study was made to determine the 
number of personnel employed, current 
vacancies, and estimates of personnel needs. 
Data from the first 4,600 hospitals which 
reported have been used to estimate totals 
for all 7,100 hospitals in the United States 
registered by the American Hospital Asso 
ciation. These reports indicate that the total 
number of professional, technical, and auxi 
liary personnel employed in hospitals is 
about 1.4 million. About 275,000 additional 
professional and technical personnel would 



In the Nightingale Tradition 




At a dinner party in Victoria, British 
Columbia, 40 members of the Victo 
ria Unit of the Nursing Sisters Asso 
ciation of Canada heard Mrs. G. 
Stewart, who was dressed to repre 
sent Florence Nightingale, read an 
address originally given by Miss 
Nightingale to her students at St. 
Thomas Hospital, England, in 1881. 
The theme of the evening was "Cen 
tennial," and many of those attend 
ing wore period costumes. 



be needed to provide optimum patient care, 
an increase of about 20 percent over present 
staffing. Over 80,000 more professional 
nurses and more than 40,000 practical 
nurses are needed. Some 50,000 aides are 
needed in general hospitals; another 30,000 
in psychiatric institutions. Over 9,000 more 
medical technologists, almost 7,000 social 
workers, and about 4,000 more physical 
therapists, x-ray technologists, and surgical 
technicians are needed. 

Most urgent needs are for nurses, practical 
nurses, and aides. High on the urgent list, 
too, are medical technologists, laboratory 
assistants, radiologic technologists, dietitians, 
physical therapists, occupational therapists, 
and social workers. 

Canadian-Designed Device 
Measures Hidden Skull Pressure ? 

A University of Saskatchewan biomedical 
engineering student has developed a device 
to measure intracranial pressure precisely. 
The instrument, created by Gerald Wade, 
was described at the Canadian Medical and 
Biological Engineering Conference in Otta 
wa. It may permit diagnosis of such serious 
conditions as hydrocephalus in infants be 
fore brain damage occurs. 

A fluid-filled transducer is placed against 
the fontanelle. The transducer feeds into 
an electronic recording device that gives a 
dial reading. The instrument makes 20 se 
parate determinations of the cerebrospinal 
fluid and provides a visual readout of the 
average fluid. 

The device is presently being used as a 
research instrument. Mr. Wade sees wide 
potential use for it in routine screening of 
newborn infants for the detection of ab 
normal intracranial pressures. 

Two-Day Conference Set on 
Rural Health 

Rural-urban Health Relationships will be 
the theme of the 20th National Conference 
on Rural Health to be held March 10-11, 
1967, at Charlotte, North Carolina. 

The conference will explore new needs and 
report on new developments in community 
planning and responsibility for health fa 
cilities and services; future patterns of per 
sonal health care; rural accident prevention 
and first aid instruction; and health man 
power planning and utilizing. 

There is no registration fee for the con 
ference, which will convene at 9:00 A.M., 
Friday, March 10. Registration opens at 
7:30 A.M.. March 10. 

Cooperating organizations include Co 
operative Extension Services, Farm Organi 
zations, Medical Associations and Auxilia 
ries, Health Departments, Allied Health Or 
ganizations, Women s Groups, Agricultural 
News Media, and Continuing Education 
Groups. 

Further details are available from the 
Council on Rural Health, American Medical 
Association, 535 North Dearborn Street, 
Chicago, Illinois, 60610. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



names 




With "no intention 
of reminiscing about 
past efforts, past fai 
lures, missed opportu 
nities, small accom 
plishments," Dorothy 
M. Percy retires, Jan 
uary 6, 1967, as chief 
nursing consultant for 
the Department of 
National Health and Welfare. 

Her many friends, admirers and colleagues 
who honored her at a testimonial dinner 
last September did not share her concepts 
of herself. 

She was recognized by Katherine Mac- 
Laggan, president of CNA, as "a woman 
who is an advisor on nursing, a consultant 
on nursing, a remarkable nurse, a pioneer, 
a success in the eyes of her peers and a 
recipient of love." 

Miss Percy, born and educated in Ottawa, 
began her nursing career in 1924 with her 
graduation from the Toronto General Hos 
pital School of Nursing. The following 
year she qualified in public health nursing at 
the University of Toronto. 

Before joining the Victorian Order of 
Nurses in 1927, Miss Percy served as head 
nurse in the medical ward of the Ottawa 
Civic Hospital. It was while she was in 
charge of publicity at national office that 
Miss Percy organized the VON s first mari 
onette show at the Toronto Exhibition. 

From 1934 to 1941 she was part of the 
teaching faculty of the University of Toron 
to. Immediately following her teaching 
career, Miss Percy enlisted with RMAC, and 
after a year at the Camp Borden Military 
Hospital, proceeded overseas to Canadian 
General Hospitals in Great Britain. She re 
turned to Canada in 1944 and was appointed 
matron at the Petawawa Military Hospital. 

Following the war, Dorothy Percy served 
as executive secretary of the Division of 
Health of the Welfare Council of Toronto. 
A year later, 1947, she was appointed to 
head the new division of nursing under the 
Department of National Health and Welfare. 

In 1953, Miss Percy was appointed chief 
nursing consultant to the Department of 
National Health and Welfare, in which ca 
pacity "she has been called upon to inter 
pret government policy and suggest the ap 
propriate ways and means of attaining objec 
tives." 

Plans for retirement? Miss Percy says, "1 
can t answer that at the moment. I m much 
too busy getting down to the dreary chore 
of cleaning out desk drawers and filing 
cabinets!" 

16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Mildred Irene Wal 
ker, senior nursing 
consultant in the occu 
pational health divi 
sion of the National 
Health and Welfare 
Department, retired 
November 30, 1966. 

Her busy and vari 
ed nursing career be 
gan in 1924 with her graduation from the 
Victoria Hospital School of Nursing, Lon 
don, Ontario. The following year, Miss 
Walker received her certificate in public 
health nursing from the University of West 
ern Ontario. 

Miss Walker s nursing career has been 
largely administrative. Following a short 
period of private duty nursing at Victoria 
Hospital, London, Ontario, she became a 
public health nurse in the town of Weston. 
Ontario. 

After two years she joined the staff of 
the Ontario department of health where she 
worked for three years. In 1930 Miss Walker 
joined the faculty of the University of West 
ern Ontario as a lecturer. She later became 
an assistant professor of nursing and served 
as chief of the division of study for gradu 
ate nurses in the Institute of Public Health 
at the University. 

Upon completion of her advanced study 
at Columbia University, New York, Miss 
Walker accepted the position of supervising 
nurse at Phillips Electrical Company, Brock- 
ville, Ontario. 

In 1949 Miss Walker became senior nurs 
ing consultant in the occupational health 
division of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare, Ottawa. In this posi 
tion she was responsible for developing the 
present industrial nursing program. 

On her retirement, November 30, 1966, 
Miss Walker was looking forward to "the 
first leisurely Christmas in years, and future 
enjoyment of a summer cottage on the St. 
Lawrence River." 

A new member has 
joined the editorial 

Staff Of THE CANADIAN 

NURSE. Carla Dianne 
Penn, born in London, 
England, received her 
education in Canada. 
She attended the Uni 
versity of Ottawa 
where she recently re 
ceived her B.A. (English). Miss Penn as 
sumed the position of editorial assistant 
in October. This is a new editorial position 
created to help meet the journal s expand 
ing needs. 





Cathryn Lillian Mar- 
tin, a native of Tex 
as, joined the staff of 
McMaster University 
School of Nursing in 
Hamilton, Ontario, 
this year. This is a first 
Canadian position for 
Miss Martin, who is a 
graduate of the School 
of Nursing of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. 
She also holds a B.Sc.N. from the Institute 
and an M.A. in curriculum and teaching 
maternal-child health from Columbia Uni 
versity, New York. In 1965 she obtained 
her master of education with a major in 
guidance. 

Prior to her appointment as assistant profes 
sor of nursing at McMaster, Miss Martin 
held positions in various hospitals and 
schools of nursing in Texas, including her 
most recent as assistant professor at the 
Tuskegee Institute. 

A. Joyce Bailey re 
cently assumed the po 
sition of assistant di 
rector of nursing ser 
vice at The Wellesley 
Hospital, Toronto Ont 
ario. Miss Bailey, a 
1956 graduate of The 
Wellesley Hospital 
School of Nursing, re 
ceived her B.Sc.N. from the University of 
Toronto in 1964. The following year she 
was awarded the Canadian Nurses Founda 
tion Scholarship and is presently completing 
her thesis for Western Reserve University, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 

Prior to her present position as assistant 
director of nursing service, Miss Bailey 
worked at various levels on the staff of The 
Wellesley Hospital, including general staff 
nurse, assistant head nurse and head nurse. 

Rita J. Lussicr has 
been appointed nurs 
ing coordinator at the 
Expo 67 pavillion 
"Man and His Health." 
Miss Lussier gradu 
ated from the School 
of Nursing of the Mai- 
sonneuve Hospital and 
later obtained nursing 
experience in cardiac surgery at the Mon 
treal Children s Hospital. She received her 
baccalaureate in nursing science from 1 Insti- 
tut Marguerite d Youville in 1962. During 
the next three years, Miss Lussier taught at 
the School of Nursing at the Maisonneuve 

JANUARY 1967 





names 





Hospital, and in 1 965 was named assistant 
director of nursing service in charge of the 
inservice teaching program. 

Miss Lussier is on loan to Expo from the 
Maisonneuve Hospital. 

Lieutenant Colonel 
Muriel E. Everett, ad 
ministrator of the 
Salvation Army Grace 
General Hospital, St. 
St. James, Manitoba, 
recently received a fel 
lowship in the Amer 
ican College of Hos 
pital Administrators. 
Lieut. Colonel Everett, a native of Perth, 
Australia, served with the Australian Forces 
in the Far East as a nursing sister and held 
various appointments in her homeland be 
fore moving to Canada in 1951. She has 
held various positions in Canada, chiefly of 
an administrative nature, and has been ad 
ministrator of the Grace General since 1962. 

Another addition to 
the McMaster Univer 
sity School of Nursing 
staff is Gertrude Fran 
ces Burns. Miss Burns, 
a graduate of the 
Marymount School of 
Nursing, Sudbury Gen 
eral Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario, is a lecturer 
in medical-surgical nursing. 

After graduation Miss Burns worked as 
staff nurse on medical and surgical nursing 
wards at the Sudbury General Hospital. In 
1964 she went to McGill University in 
Montreal where she obtained a diploma in 
supervision and teaching and her bachelor s 
degree in nursing and nursing education. 

Between her university sessions and until 
her present appointment as lecturer. Miss 
Burns worked at The Montreal General 
Hospital. 

The new director of nursing at the Kirk- 
land and District Hospital, Kirkland Lake. 
Ontario is Annikki Huhtanen. 

Miss Huhtanen, a 1940 graduate of the 
School of Nursing in Viipuri, Finland, 
served in the Finninsh Army nursing service 
for four years following graduation. The 
next four years she worked as a staff nurse 
at the Central Military Hospital, Helsinki. 

Miss Huhtanen moved to Canada in 1949, 
and immediately began nursing at The 
Montreal General Hospital. After four years 
she moved to the Temiskaming Hospital, 
Temiskaming, Quebec, and in 1955 she 
moved again, this time to the Stevenson 
Memorial Hospital, Alliston, Ontario. 

In 1960 Miss Huhtanen returned to Fin 
land where she completed a course for di- 

JANUARY 1967 




rectors and administrators in the nursing 
field. Upon her return to Canada, she be 
came director of nursing, as well as super 
visor-administrator at the Cottage Hospital. 
Uxbridge. Ontario. 

Now in Kirkland Lake, Miss Huhtanen 
takes over supervisory duties from Miss 
Gertrude Koivu, who is now working to 
ward her nursing degree in Montreal. 

The new director of nursing spent two 
years in postgraduate study: one year in 
cero-bacteriology and one year in laboratory 
work in clinical hemotology. 

Her new duties include the charge of the 
nursing staff of 1 24 as well as responsibility 
for the staff of the central supply service 
and the operating room personnel. 

Grace Elizabeth Ter 
ry, a 1 963 graduate 
of the Victoria Hospi 
tal, London, Ontario, 
is a new lecturer in 
nursing at Hamilton s 
McMaster University. 
The past three years 
have been busy for 
Miss Terry. In 1 964 she received her 
B.Sc.N. in nursing education from the Uni 
versity of Western Ontario in London; 
throughout 1965 and 1966 she held positions 
as part-time lecturer in nursing at McMaster, 
general duty nurse at the Henderson Gen 
eral Hospital, Hamilton, and, finally, as 
sistant head nurse in the same hospital. 

Margaret G. Arnstein, well-known to 
Canadian nurses for her leadership in the 
profession, has retired from the U.S. Public 
Health Service to accept a professorship 
with the School of Public Health at the 
University of Michigan. 

As nurse director in the Service s Com 
missioned Corps, Miss Arnstein had been 
heading a nursing unit to serve health pro 
grams of the Agency for International 
Development, with special emphasis on the 
nurse and midwife role in the new programs 
of population control and nutrition. Her 
previous assignment was to the Rockefeller 
Foundation AID-Study of the preparation 
of health manpower in developing countries. 

From 1949 to 1964, Miss Arnstein direct 
ed programs that promoted the effective 
utilization and expansion of nursing service 
skills in all the States, that stimulated and 
supported the advancement of research in 
nursing, and that influenced the improve 
ment and growth of nursing education. She 
was instrumental in the development of both 
the U.S. Nurse Training Act of 1964 and 
the earlier legislation providing Federal 
traineeships to enable nurses to receive the 
educational preparation necessary for leader 
ship positions. 

A graduate of the Presbyterian Hospital 
School of Nursing, New York, Miss Arn 
stein earned her baccalaureate degree at 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



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names 



(Continued from [>ut>e 17) 

Smith College, her master of arts in public 
health nursing from Columbia University, 
and her master of public health from the 
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and 
Public Health. She holds honorary degrees 
of doctor of science from Smith College and 
Wayne State University. 

Arlene Elizabeth Aish, Catherine Shirley 
MacLeod, Hazel Lillian Salmon, Sally Jane 
Miller, and Judith Anne Ritchie have re 
cently joined the teaching staff of the School 
of Nursing, University of New Brunswick 
in Fredericton. 

Arlene Aish, a 1958 graduate of the School 
of Nursing, University of British Colum 
bia, worked as staff nurse at the Vancouver 
General Hospital and as public health nurse 
with the Toronto Department of Health 
before continuing her studies. In 1961 she 
obtained her master of nursing from the 
University of Washington, Seattle, and 
worked for the next four years as a lecturer 
at the University of Toronto School of 
Nursing. Miss Aish is presently an assistant 
professor at the School of Nursing, Uni 
versity of New Brunswick. 

Shirley MacLeod, a native of Denmark, 
Nova Scotia, received her training at the 
Moncton Hospital School of Nursing in 
1949. The following year she completed an 
obstetrical clinical course at the Margaret 
Hague Maternity Hospital in Jersey City, 
N.J. The next seven years Miss MacLeod 
spent as obstetrical supervisor at the Monc 
ton Hospital. Before taking up her new ap 
pointment as lecturer at the University of 
New Brunswick School of Nursing, Miss 
MacLeod received her baccalaureate degree 
from McGill University and was obstetrical 
clinical instructor at the Moncton Hospital 
School of Nursing. 

Hazel Salmon, a 1946 graduate of The 
Montreal General Hospital School of 
Nursing, has covered much territory in her 
nursing career. After receiving a certificate 
in public health nursing from McGill Uni 
versity, Miss Salmon spent three years as 
staff nurse with the New Brunswick Depart 
ment of Health. From 1952 to 1955 she 
served with the Victorian Order of Nurses 
in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Miss Salmon 
then headed north to work with the Indian 
and Northern Health Services in White- 
horse, Yukon, for two years as public 
health nurse and then went west to the 
Calgary area for two years in the same 
capacity. In 1962 she obtained her bachelor 
of nursing from Dalhousie University, N.S.. 
and in 1964 her master of (applied) science 
from McGill. Prior to her present appoint 
ment as lecturer at the School of Nursing, 



18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



University of New Brunswick, Miss Salmon 
was supervisor of nursing with the Temis- 
kaming Health Unit, Kirkland Lake, Ont. 

Sally Jane Miller, from Edmundston, New 
Brunswick, graduated from the School of 
Nursing, University of New Brunswick in 
1964. Following graduation, she worked as 
general duty nurse at the Hotel-Dieu de 
Saint-Joseph in Edmundston. Her new po 
sition is clinical instructor at the University 
of New Brunswick School of Nursing. 

Judith Ritchie is another new clinical in 
structor at the U.N.B. School of Nursing. 
Miss Ritchie obtained her B.N. from the 
University of New Brunswick in 1965 and 
spent the following year as general duty 
nurse at the Montreal Children s Hospital. 

Margaret Harrison, Norma Jaenen, Edythe 
Huffman, Marie Knelsen, and Jessie Hibbert 

were recently appointed to the School of 
Nursing Faculty at the Calgary General 
Hospital. Returning to the Faculty after 
completion of studies are Coralea Toney, 
Elaine Parfirt, Barbara Dobbie and Judy Ban- 
natyne. 

Mrs. Harrison, a graduate in nursing 
science at the University of British Co 
lumbia, is teaching surgical nursing. 

Mrs. Jaenen, an instructor in orthopedic 
nursing, obtained her B.Sc.N. from the Uni 
versity of Saskatchewan. 

Mrs. Huffman, a former graduate of the 
School of Nursing, Calgary General Hos 
pital, served as senior health nurse in the 
Flin Flon, Manitoba Health Unit, and also 
worked with the Winnipeg Health Depart 
ment prior to her new position. She is pre 
sently instructor in obstetrical nursing. 

Mrs. Knelsen, another graduate of the 
School of Nursing, Calgary General Hospi 
tal, obtained a diploma in public health 
nursing from the University of Manitoba. 
She is assistant instructor in nursing arts and 
also teaches pharmacology. 

Mrs. Hibbert, a new instructor in psychi 
atric nursing, graduated from the Winnipeg 
General Hospital School of Nursing. She 
later attended the San Francisco State Col 
lege where she earned her B.A. in nursing 
and her M.A. in education. At UCLA Mrs. 
Hibbert obtained her Master s in psychiatric 
nursing. 

Miss Toney, a graduate of the Winnipeg 
General Hospital School of Nursing, has re 
turned to the Calgary General Hospital 
School of Nursing after completing her 
bachelor of nursing degree at McGill. She 
is instructor in gynecology. 

Mrs. Parfitt, who recently completed her 
B.Sc.N. at the University of Alberta is teach 
ing growth and development, ophthamology, 
and urology. 

Miss Dobbie, an instructor in pediatric 
nursing, obtained her bachelor of nursing 
degree from McGill University in Montreal. 

Mrs. Bannatyne, an instructor in medical 
nursing, recently earned her bachelor of 
science in nursing degree from the Uni 
versity of Alberta. 

JANUARY 1967 



names 



An Honorary Life Membership in the 
Nova Scotia Branch of The Canadian Public 
Health Association was awarded recently to 
Edna Pitts who retired from public health 
nursing in 1964. 

The award was made in recognition of 
her "diligent and conscientious approach to 
nursing care" and for her many years of 
devoted service to public health nursing 
in Nova Scotia. 

Miss Pitts busy nursing career began 
with her graduation from St. Mary s Hos 
pital, Brooklyn, New York. A course in 
public health nursing at Columbia Univer 
sity prepared her for the position of public 
health nurse with the Provincial Depart 
ment of Health in Cape Breton, where she 
worked for two years. In 1939 she was 
transferred to the staff of Lunenburg- 
Queens-Shelburne Division and, in 1955, to 
the Atlantic Health Unit, a position she 
held until her retirement in 1964. 

Miss Pitts will long be remembered for 
her "family centered" approach to nursing 
and for her keen interest in the affairs of 
the community in which she worked. 

Anita Germaine has been appointed director 
of nursing service at the Scarborough Cen- 
:enary Hospital, West Hill, Ontario. 

Miss Germaine is a graduate of the Gen- 
;ral Hospital School of Nursing, Pembroke, 
Ontario. Her experience includes nursing 
service, nursing education, and employment 
in various levels of management in a large 
;ransportation industry. 

On her return from England in 1960, 
she was assistant dean and consultant for 
an air career school, primarily interested in 
procedure, manuals and methods of per 
sonnel training for various transportation 
agencies in Canada and Africa. 

Miss Germaine joined the staff of Scar 
borough General Hospital in 1963 as an 
instructor in the registered nurse assistant 
school, and from 1964 to 1966 was asso- 
siate director of nursing service, coordinator 
of staff development and education pro 
grams, and responsible for management de 
velopment training within the hospital. 

Dianne J. Hoffinger and Alma M. Daisley 

were both awarded $1,000 bursaries from 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Asso- 
siation. 

Miss Hoffinger, a native of Regina, Sas 
katchewan, is presently completing her 
nursing degree at the University of Al 
berta in Edmonton. 

Miss Daisley, a 1963 graduate of the Sas 
katoon City Hospital School of Nursing, is 
presently in her final year of the nursing 
program at the University of Western On 
tario, London. 

The SRNA bursary fund was established 

JANUARY 1967 



in 1 964 to provide financial assistance for 
registered nurses in postgraduate studies or 
in the final years of baccalaureate programs. 
The fund is financed from interest received 
from association investments and from dona 
tions and endowments. 

The 1 966 winner of the ARNN bursary 
is Donna Le Drew. The $150 bursary, offered 
by the Gander Chapter of the Association 
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland, is 
to be offered annually to a student in the 
Gander area who has been accepted at one 
of the schools of nursing. Miss Le Drew 
commenced her nursing education at the 
General Hospital, St. John s, this October. 

Louise Dupuis, in her final year at the Uni 
versity of Ottawa School of Nursing, and 
Verna Jardine, at the University of New 
Brunswick School of Nursing, were both 
awarded the Muriel Archibald Scholarship. 
Valued at $500, this scholarship is presented 
by the New Brunswick Association of Regis 
tered Nurses. 

Carolyn Wilson and Annette Frenette have 
been awarded NBARN scholarships of $500 
each. Miss Wilson is presently attending the 
University of New Brunswick School of 
Nursing while Miss Frenette is continuing 
her studies at the University of Moncton 
School of Nursing. 

Ethel R, Irwin has been appointed senior 
consultant in public health nursing in the 
Local Health Services Branch, Toronto. For 
two years prior to taking up her new duties, 
Miss Irwin was regional consultant in public 
health nursing, London, Ontario. 

A graduate of the Toronto General Hos 
pital School of Nursing, Miss Irwin obtained 
her certificate in administration and super 
vision from the University of Toronto 
School of Nursing. In 1954 she joined the 
Temiskaming Health Unit and in 1956 was 
appointed regional supervisor in Northern 
Ontario. 

Mis Irwin returned to her studies in 1957 
as a student at Teachers College, Columbia 
University. She obtained her Bachelor of 
Science degree in 1961. 

Dr, Philip Banister has been appointed doc 
tor at the Child and Maternal Health Divi 
sion of the Department of Health and 
National Welfare. A specialist on pediatrics, 
Dr. Banister will help to complete the pub 
lication on standards of hospital care for 
mothers and their newborn infants. He will 
also be active in preparing the first national 
conference on maternal and infant hygiene, 
which will take place next year in Ottawa. 

Born in England, Dr. Banister received 
his medical degree from Edinbourgh Uni 
versity, Scotland. He specialized in pediatrics 
at the Montreal Children s Hospital as well 
as in the United States and Italy. D 



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A New Text! 
Kallins 

TEXTBOOK OF 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 

Here is an effective new approach to public health 
nursing, stressing usable facts and principles of 
public health rather than theory. Designed for courses 
in Public Health Nursing, this new text integrates 
essential principles of the science of public health with 
the major areas of nursing knowledge and practice. 
Precise, readily understood discussions give students 
clear, effective guidelines and principles upon which 
to base their nursing diagnosis and intervention 
for the protection of health as well as prevention of 
disease and disability. You will find up-to-the-minute 
evaluations of current solutions to such new 
public health problems as mental health, drug 
addiction, alcoholism, air pollution control, poison 
and radiation control, housing and slum situations, 
rehabilitation, control of heart disease and cancer, 
as well as nursing education. TEXTBOOK OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING sheds new light on 
the growing dimension of this specialized area of 
nursing practice and gives the student nurse a 
thorough understanding of her potential role in the 
various public health areas. You will appreciate the 
flexible design of this new text, and its adaptability to 
your individual classroom situation. 

By ETHEL L. KALLINS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H., Assistant Professor 
of Public Health and Public Health Nursing, St. Joseph College, 
Division of Nursing, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Publication date: 
January, 1967. Approx. 375 pages, 6 l / 2 "x9y 2 ", 57 illustrations. 
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New 2nd Edit/on ! 
Heckel-Jordan 

PSYCHOLOGY 

The Nurse and the Patient 

The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbc 
has been revised and updated to give the nursi 
a working knowledge of psychology so that si 
in turn, can deal more effectively with the mar 
of patients she encounters. This text can hel{ 
students clearly see the importance of psychol 
in achieving satisfactory nurse-patient relation 

Designed for basic courses in psychology in b( 
diploma and degree programs in Schools of 
Professional Nursing, this new 2nd edition has 
carefully revised to provide a completely cum 
in-depth presentation of general psychology a; 
relates to the field of nursing. Extremely read 
easy to understand, this new edition can help 1 
student relate psychological principles to her c 
experiences as a student, as a nurse and as a p< 
This edition examines its subject in greater de 
than the previous edition and includes all the 
views and concepts. An entirely new chapter 
on sensation can provide your students with a 
understanding of this subject. 

By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of F 
Director of Clinical Training, and Director of the Psycholi 
Services Center, University of South Carolina, Columb 
and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S., R.N., Supervision of In-Serv 
Education, Gracewood State School and Hospital, Gracew 
Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd edition, approx. 36 
61/2" x 91/2", 88 illustrations. Price, $8.10. 



20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 






New Book! 
:h-Wagner 

JRKBOOK FOR 
NECOLOGIC NURSING 

ynecologic disorders, many underlying 
hological factors are more disturbing to 
patient than the fact her physical health is 
tied. This new workbook assists the 
jnt nurse in becoming aware of this 
tional involvement and in learning how 
h explanation is within the scope of 
ing care. Giving close attention to both 

heory and clinical experiences involved in 

i cologic nursing, the authors specifically 
s the equal importance of student 

-wledge of reproductive anatomy and 
iology, and their awareness of the 

;nt s emotional involvement. 

seeding from the basic to the clinical, 
workbook explains the anatomy and 
iology of the female reproductive organs, 
describes puberty, the gynecologic 
aination and the nurse in the clinic, 
ders of menstruation, functional and 
unctional bleeding, and the menopause. 
>ng its timely discussions are those 
acterizing genital anomalies, gynecologic 
rtlems in marriage, pelvic inflammatory 
use, and neoplasms of the uterus 
ovaries. 

flexible design of this workbook makes it 
ly suited for use with any required text 
select. Perforated, punched pages 

v removal of completed assignments for 
ing and accumulation in a ring binder 
uture reference. Self-examination tests 
ncluded and a separate, 20 page answer 

*c is provided for the instructor. 

INSTANCE LERCH, R.N., B.S., (Ed.); and JOANNE 
U3NER, R.N., B.S. (Nurs.). Publication date: 
iry, 1967. Approx. 130 pages, 7^4" x 10y 2 ", 
rated, perforated and punched. About $3.80. 



HE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD. 

86 Northline Road Toronto 16, Ontario 



New 7th Edition ! 
Jessee 

SELF-TEACHING TESTS 
ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES 



Here is a simple, direct approach to basic arithmetic 
and its application to problems in dosages and solutions. 
Flexibly designed for use as either a self-teaching text 
or for classroom instruction, this book can help your 
student develop sufficient knowledge and skill in arithmetic 
so that she can learn to safely administer medications 
in the proper dosage. To bring it into closer conformity 
with modern mathematics, this new edition has been 
rewritten and expanded to incorporate new information 
and changes in terminology. 

This new edition has been designed with perforated, 
punched pages that can be easily removed from the text, 
handed in and/or kept in a separate book or folder. 
The achievement tests have been printed on separate pages 
so that, if desired, you can use them in evaluating the 
progress of your students. You will also appreciate 
the convenience of the separate answer book, provided 
with each copy at no additional cost. 

By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D., Chairman, Department of Nursing 
Education, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Publication date: 
March, 1967. 7th edition, approx. 164 pages, 7Vi" x 10V 2 ", 
21 illustrations. About $3.25. 



New 4th Edition ! 
Price 

A HANDBOOK AND CHARTING 
MANUAL FOR STUDENT NURSES 

This unique handbook is ideally suited to ( 1 ) help the 
student applicant prepare herself to meet scholastic 
requirements for admission to schools of nursing and 
(2) to assist the beginning student who experiences 
difficulty with one or more of the courses she is taking. 
It is used as a self help handbook or as a required test. 
This book can help you give your students the additional 
help they may need in arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, 
study habits and reading with comprehension, handwriting 
and printing, and personal appearance. An important 
feature of this workbook is the well written and highly 
understandable presentation of the fundamentals of 
charting. This section has been revised and updated 
in this edition to give the student the latest accepted 
methods and concepts of charting. 

By ALICE L. PRICE, R.N., M.A. Publication date: January, 1967. 
4th edition, approx. 220 pages, 8 l / 2 " x H". 50 illustrations. 
About $5.30. 



Publishers 




JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Benoxyl Lotion 

(WINLEY-MORRIS) 

Description A locally effective agent for 
the treatment of acne. Benoxyl lotion is a 
stable preparation of Benzoyl Peroxide 5% 
in a unique, greaseless, washable lotion base. 

Indications In the treatment of acne 
vulgaris as an antibacterial and mild kera- 
tolytic agent. 

Administration Cleanse skin with a mild 
soap such as Acne-Aid detergent soap. Ap 
ply Benoxyl Lotion to affected areas with 
fingertips and smooth in gently according 
to the following schedule: first 4 days: 
apply once daily, leave on for 2 hours, then 
remove with warm water; next 4 days: apply 
once daily, leave on for 4 hours, then re 
move; next three days: leave on overnight; 
ultimately: apply after each washing. 

Benoxyl is completely invisible on the 
skin. It should be stored in a cool dark 
place but not frozen. 

Caution Benoxyl is for external use 
only and should be kept away from eyes. 
mucous membranes and sensitive areas of 
the neck. Should excessive drying or irrita 
tion occur, use should be discontinued tem 
porarily. 

Disposable Toothbrush 

(VENDEX) 

Description An entirely new disposable 
toothbrush with its own bult-in dentifrice. 
Developed by Du Pont, this nylon bristle 
brush, to be distributed exclusively through 
vending machines, is intended to fill a 
serious gap in the dental hygiene routine of 
people who find themselves away from 
home without their regular toothbrush or 
toothpaste. 

Bristles are coated with a water-soluble 
dentifrice which is activated when moistened 
to perform the normal cleansing and breath- 
sweetening functions of ordinary dentifrices. 
Each brush is individually packaged in a 
cellophane wrapper and is so economical it 
may be thrown away after a single use. 

Vendex International, Inc., Houston, 
Texas, which has exclusive marketing rights 
on the new product, will distribute the 
brushes only through compact coin-operated 
vending machines located in selected wash 
rooms of clubs, restaurants, airports, mo 
tels . . . "wherever there are active people 
on the move." Vendex distributors are being 
established in each market to serve as local 
distributors for the handling of inventory 
and servicing of the machines. 

For additional information contact: Ro 
bert Fogle, vice president, Vendex Interna 
tional, Inc., 4125 Richmond Avenue, Hous 
ton, Texas. 
22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




TRV3U.R INFANT VASCIJLAR CLAMP 



Infant Vascular Clamp 

(SKLAR) 

Use -- A new vascular clamp designed 
by Dr. G.A. Trusler of the University of 
Toronto. The new design has proven parti 
cularly useful in Blalock anastomisis, in the 
repair of infant coarctations, and in other 
procedures involving small vessels in chil 
dren and infants. 

Description 
The shaft is thin 
and springy, thus, 
when fully closed, 
the clamp will 
neither slip nor in 
jure the vessel. The 
"Z" shape of the 
jaws facilitates 
placing and tying 
of sutures. The op 
posing jaws of the 
clamp are relatively 
flat, with a finely 
roughened surface which provides a secure 
grip, but will not split the soft intimal lining 
of the vessel. 

Descriptive literature (No. 280-190) is 
available from J. Sklar Mfg. Co. Inc., 38-04 
Woodside Avenue, Long Island City, N.Y. 
11101. 

6 Pak Sutures 

(THOMPSON) 

Description Six non-absorbable sutures 
in one packet in a quick-opening "book." 
This package of sterile, non-traumatic silk 
sutures is convenient when a number of 
sutures are needed quickly by the surgeon. 
The six sutures, with attached needles, are 
threaded on a paper "book" having con 
venient end flaps. The folded book is sealed 
and irradiation sterilized in a transparent 
peelable outer envelope. The nurse or as 
sistant merely pulls the end flaps to open 
the book and the sutures are ready for 
instant use. 

R. B. Thompson Laboratories Ltd., an 
all-Canadian firm, developed this new "6 
Pak." Further information may be obtained 
by writing the Laboratories in Don Mills, 
Ontario. 

Acne Aid Cream 

(WINLEY-MORRIS) 

Description A flesh-colored, greaseless 
agent with water-washable base for the treat 
ment of acne. Acne-Aid cream is composed 
of 2.5% sulfur, 1.25% resorcinol, .625% 
hexachlorophene and .375% para meta 
chloroxylenol. 

Indications In acne vulgaris, and where 
a mild keratolytic, anti-seborrheic and anti 
microbial agent is required. 



Administration Wash the affected part 
with whatever special cleanser is recom 
mended by the doctor. Dry thoroughly 
without rubbing. Apply Acne-Aid Cream 
with the fingertips, allowing a thin film to 
remain. 

Caution Keep away from eyes and off 
eyelids. Should excessive dryness or irrita 
tion develop, discontinue use temporarily. 

Uroscreen Test 

(PFIZER) 

Description A simple, convenient, rapid 
and reliable screening test, standardized for 
the detection of significant bacteriuria 
(100,000 or more organisms per ml. of 
urine). Uroscreen is a white, dry, stable, 
soluble, buffered tetrazolium reagent (2, 3, 
5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride). 

Indications The presence of significant 
bacteriuria is indicated by the formation of 
a pink to red precipitate indicating a pos 
itive uroscreen test. No precipitate or a 
colorless precipitate shows a negative uro 
screen test. 

Procedure - 1. Collect urine: early 
morning specimen is preferable. Collect the 
"midstream" specimen from men and the 
"clean-catch" specimen from women. !f the 
test cannot be performed within 2 hours 
after collection, the specimen should be 
stored, below 10C, up to 24 hours before 
uroscreen testing. 2. Add to uroscreen: Shake 
urine specimen until any precipitate is 
uniformly suspended. Add 2ml. of urine to 
the uroscreen tube, which is marked at the 
2 ml. level. Shake well until the uroscreen 
reagent is completely dissolved. 3. Incubate: 
Incubate at 37 C for 4 hours in the Uro 
screen dry-bath incubator or other suitable 
type. Important: do not shake or disturb the 
uroscreen tube during incubation. If the 
precipitate is disturbed before the reading, 
the resuspended precipitate must be centri- 
fuged or the test repeated. 4. Read results: A 
positive uroscreen test (pink to red precipi 
tate) is indicative of the presence of signifi 
cant bacteriuria and calls for detailed bac 
teriological examination of the urine. Highly 
infected urines may give a red precipitate 
within 1 or 2 hours and also show a red 
turbidity throughout the urine. A pink to 
red color, without precipitate, is negative; 
a precipitate of any other color is also 
negative. 

Uroscreen is presented in boxes of 50 
test tubes, ready to use. A special dry-bath 
incubator is available free of charge with 
initial orders of 100 tubes or more. 

For further information on Uroscreen and 
urinary tract infections, contact Pfizer Com 
pany Ltd., 50, Place Cremazie, Montreal 11. 
JANUARY 1967 



dates 



January 9-11, 1967 

Second Educational Assembly on 
Hospital Administration, District Eight, 
Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg. 

January 11-13 and January 16-18, 1967 

Institute for Supervisors, Ramada Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 
Open to all nurses working as 
supervisors or to head nurses who 
assume supervisory functions. 
Details may be obtained from the 
Registered Nurses Association of B.C. 

January 24-26, 1967 

Institute on Outpatient Department 
Nursing Service Management, 
Bellevue Stratford Hospital, 
Philadelphia, Penna. 

February 6-9, 1967 

Four-day conference on staff education 
and staff development. Sponsored by 
RNAO, OHA, OMA, OPHA, OHSC, 
Westbury Hotel, Toronto. 

February 19-23 

1 4th Annual Association of 
Operating Room Nurses Congress. 
El Cortez and U.S. Grant Hotels, 
San Diego, California. 
For information write 151 East 50th 
St., New York City or Miss Nellie 
Mock, 458 "F" St., Chula Vista, 
California. 

End of March 

Institutes for Instructors, Ramada Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 

A two-day institute sponsored by the 
Registered Nurses Association of B.C. 

April 28 - October 27, 1967 

Expo 67, Montreal. 

May 4-6, 1967 

St. Boniface Hospital, School of 
Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1 942 
graduating class. Would members of 
the 1 942 graduating class please 
write to Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N., 
10123- 122 Street, Edmonton. 

May 8-12, 1967 

National League for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention, New York. 

May 10-12, 1967 

Canadian Hospital Association, 
Montreal, P.Q. 

May 16-19, 1967 

Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Lacombe, Edmonton, Alberta. 

JANUARY 1967 



May 24-26, 1967 

International symposium on electrical 
activity of the heart, London, Ontario. 
For further information, write to 
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 
London, Ont. 

May 31 - June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, 
N. S. 

May 31 - June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 

June 12-15, 1967 

Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd 
Convention, Chateau Laurier, Ottawa. 

June 18-21, 1967 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial 

Home Coming. 

Alumnae or former associates of the 

Ottawa Civic Hospital who are 

interested in the Program should write 

to: Executive Director, Ottawa Civic 

Hospital. 

June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital, Toronto, School 
of Nursing, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, please send 
name and address to: St. Joseph s 
Hospital, School of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 

July, 1967 

75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia 

Hospital School of Nursing, Dartmouth, 

N.S. 

All interested graduates please 

contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale 

Ave., Dartmouth, N.S. 

July 31 - August 4, 1967 

The annual Medical Equipment 
Display and Conference (Medac 67). 
Sponsored by the Association for the 
advancement of medical instrumenta 
tion (AAMI), San Francisco Hilton 
Hotel. For information write : 
AAMI, P.O. Box 3 1 4, Harvard Square, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02 1 38. 

Sept. 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Those interested write-. 
Mrs. Allison MacCulloch, R.R. #2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., 
Nova Scotia. 



MOVING 



DON T FORGET YOUR 
CHANGE OF ADDRESS 

Name: 
Registration No.: 

(If registered in two provinces, 
please give both.) 

Province: 
Old Address: 



New Address: 



Date effective: 



Allow at least six weeks 
for change of address 

Mail to: 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 the Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ont. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



No one ever said it would be easy. 



. . . running a hospital with a minimum of 
medical supplies - building a bridge with 
nothing but timber and sweat - teaching a 
child who knows only a strange tongue. But 
that s what CUSO workers do ... hundreds 
of them in 35 countries. They meet the chal 
lenge of a world of inequalities - in educa 
tion, in technical facilities, in engineering 
and medicine. 

This year, the Canadian University Service 
Overseas - a non-profit non-government 
organization - has already sent 350 young 
volunteers to countries in Asia, in Africa, 
South America and the Caribbean ... a 
total of 550 CUSO people altogether in 
the field, or about 1 to every 50,000 
people who ask for their help. More 
are needed. 
The pay is low . . . you won t make a 




profit. Unless you count it profitable to see 
developing nations master new skills and 
new standards of health and science. 
You can t earn a promotion . . . but you can 
promote. You vvijj promote new learning, and 
enthusiasm, and a desire to succeed in 
people who are eager to help themselves. 
There are no Christmas bonuses . . . but you 
earn a bonus every day in the response of 
the people you work and live with. And you ll 
be amazed at how quickly you ll find an op 
portunity to develop your ideas, your dreams. 
Willing to work to build a better world? 
Here s just the job for you. 
How do you apply? Get more informa 
tion and application forms from local 
CUSO representatives at any Canadian 
university, or from the Executive Sec 
retary of CUSO. 151 Slater St., Ottawa. 



CUSO 

The Canadian Peace Corps 



24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



EDITORIAL 



"Wanted a revised Income Tax Act 
that recognizes the role of married 
women in the labor force." 

This is what over one million work 
ing women -- and their husbands - 
will yearn for when they compile their 
annual income tax forms early in 1967. 
For the present income tax structure 
is geared to a Victorian society where 
only the man of the family was employ 
ed and the woman stayed home as a 
dependent. 

Husband no longer sole breadwinner 

According to 1965 data from the 
Special Surveys Division, Dominion 
Bureau of Statistics, the number of 
working women in this country is now 
over 2 million. This represents 30 
percent of the total work force. 

Prior to 1960, single women out 
ranked married women in the labor 
force. Since 1960, however, married 
women have maintained first rank in 
the percentage distribution by marital 
status. Their percentage passed the 
half-way mark in 1964, and now stands 
at 52.2. 

That these married women play an 
essential role in our economy is un 
deniable. That the large number of 
married women who are presently un 
employed would be valuable recruits 
to the labor force is also undeniable, 
except by those few who still maintain 
that the woman s place belongs only 
at the hearth. 

Needed changes in tax structure 

The major changes that are needed 
to bring income tax regulations up-to- 
date with the manpower structure in 
Canada were brought to the attention 
of the House of Commons this past 
June, by Mrs. Grace Maclnnis, Mem 
ber of Parliament for Vancouver- 
Kingsway, B.C. 

Mrs. Maclnnis said that the amount 
a married woman is allowed to earn 
before deductions are made from her 
husband s taxable income ($250), is 
far too low, considering today s cost 
of living. She pointed out that various 
organizations across the country have 
JANUARY 1967 



requested that it be raised. The Can 
adian Federation of University Women, 
for example, have urged that the 
amount be increased to $950. 

The second change in taxation 
policy proposed by Mrs. Maclnnis, in 
volved the expenses of housekeeping 
and babysitting services. She recom 
mended that the wages of housekeepers 
should be deductible from the taxable 
incomes of mothers working outside 
the home. In defence of her proposal 
she said: 

"It is no use telling us that it is 
all very well for lawyers and business 
men to deduct necessary expenses, but 
that it is quite another matter for a 
woman working outside the home to 
ask for the right to make the same 
sort of deductions. The expenditure is 
just as necessary. In fact, it is more 
necessary because it has been esta 
blished . . . that the vast majority of 
women who go to work ... do so from 
economic necessity, and there is no 
question of their being able to meet 
the costs of a housekeeper from out 
side earnings." 

In an earlier speech in the House of 
Commons, Mrs. Maclnnis questioned 
the incongruity of a law that calls a 
working woman who employs a house 
keeper an "employer" - and requires 
her to contribute to the housekeeper s 
Canada Pension Plan yet refuses to 
call her an employer under the Income 
Tax Act, thereby disallowing any de 
ductions of housekeeper expenses. 

Taxation in other countries 

In certain countries, such as the 
United States of America and the 
United Kingdom, the tax position for 
married women is quite favorable. 

In the United States, for example, a 
working wife can deduct up to $900 
for child care expenses when there are 
two or more children, or $600 for one 
child. The stipulations are that the 
child be no more than 12 vears old, 
and that the joint income of the parents 
not exceed $6,000. 

In the United Kingdom, preference 
is given to working married women: 
they get a single person s tax-free al 



lowance for earnings, in addition to 
the husband benefiting from the mar 
ried man s allowance, which is nearly 
double the single person s.* 

The tax structures in a few coun 
tries, on the other hand, appear to be 
intended to discourage the wives of 
all but the neediest of husbands from 
employment. In the Netherlands, for 
example, a married woman s earnings 
are taxed 15 percent if she is not the 
breadwinner.** 

Nurses effected 

What effect does this out-dated in 
come tax act have on nurses? 

For single nurses, it has little effect 
at this time; however, a few years from 
now many of these nurses will have 
assumed the role of wife, and possibly, 
mother. If the present trend toward 
employment continues and there is 
every reason to believe it will -- they 
will be among those affected by these 
discriminatory tax policies. 

For married nurses, who represent 
60 percent of all nurses employed full- 
time, these tax policies must be frus 
trating, costly, and discouraging. That 
these nurses continue to work in spite 
of them is proof of their desire to 
remain active in the profession. 

For the 19,781 married nurses listed 
as "not employed in nursing" in 1965, 
the present income tax policies un 
doubtedly discourage re-employment. 
The return of even a portion of these 
women to active nursing would do 
much to offset the critical shortage of 
nurses throughout the country. 

Conclusion 

For those married nurses already 
working, and for those who represent 
a large, untapped source of manpower, 
revisions of the Income Tax Act would 
mean one less obstacle in the path to 
employment. 

If we speak loudly enough, in 
unison, Canada will listen. 

* Viola Klein, Women Workers Working 
Hours and Services, Paris, Organization for 
Economic Co-operation and Development, 
1965. 
** Ibid. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Habilitation of thalidomide 
children: the nursing approach 



How do thalidomide children react to the outside world after a prolonged 
hospitalization and what type of help do they need to adjust to it? A team at the 
Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal attempted to answer these questions. 



Mary O Brien, R.N., Margaret Owens, R.N., and Jan Ralph, R.N. 



Most of the children suffering from 
congenital deformities as a result of 
thalidomide were hospitalized during 
their first year of life. At this stage, 
the nurse s role was largely custodial. 
The nursing problems of these chil 
dren skin care, sitting balance, and 
protection from injury differed from 
those of normal children. 

As the children started to grow, 
however, the nurse had to re-examine 
her role. How could the basic concept 
of rehabilitation - - the return of the 
patient to a meaningful role in society 
- be applied to these children who 
had little or no idea of the outside 
world? 

Several of these children were still 
hospitalized at two years of age. The 
difference in development between 
them and the children who had the 
advantages of normal home life was 
apparent. It was pinpointed by the 
work of our colleagues in psychology, 
whose findings made it evident that 
something had to be done to provide 
the hospitalized children with some 
of the advantages and stimulation of 
a domestic environment. 

The first problem involved the num 
ber of persons coming in contact with 
the children. A study by the hospital s 
social service department showed that 
each child had a minimum of 43 con 
tacts each day: nurses, doctors, thera 
pists, volunteers, nonprofessional staff, 
patients, and visitors. Further, because 
of the rotation system, the nurses car 
ing for the children changed two or 

26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



three times each week. 

Several steps were taken to solve 
these problems. First, a "baby-team," 
consisting of two registered nurses and 
one licensed nursing assistant, was set 
up. The team leader was a nurse with 
pediatric training and a great deal of 
experience. The second R.N. was the 
mother of a two-year-old. The nursing 
assistant was a young married woman 
who had shown special aptitude in 
caring for children. Two nursing as 
sistants were assigned especially for 
evening duty. 

This team, under the supervision of 
the head nurse, took over the complete 
care of the children. The arrangement 
demanded some sacrifice from the 
other staff in the unit. Since the baby 
team did not rotate, the other staff 
had to do more tours on shift duty; 
also, those not assigned to care for the 
children regretted the loss of contact 
with a most lovable group of patients. 
However, after an explanation by the 
director of nursing, they accepted these 
arrangements. Similarly, the volunteers 
cheerfully agreed to confine their at 
tentions to the older children. 

The head nurse then re-examined 
the physical setup of the ward. In 
stead of occupying six small rooms - 
four for sleeping, one for eating, and 

Miss O Brien was director of nursing at 
the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal. 
Miss Owens is head nurse on the pediatric 
unit, and Miss Ralph is the team leader 
of the "baby team" formed at the Institute. 



one for playing - - the children took 
over two large units one for sleep 
ing, the other for eating and playing. 

This had many advantages: 1 . The 
children seemed more secure and less 
confined within a larger, definite area. 
They were out of the way of other 
patients, wheelchairs and corridor traf 
fic; 2. The rooms (23 feet x 17 1/2 
feet) were near the nursing station, so 
that observation was constant; 3. Bet 
ter cross-ventilation was possible and 
it was easier to maintain a constant 
room temperature; 4. The children s 
toys and equipment were more ade 
quately controlled and were safe from 
the raids of older children. 

At this point, the baby team dis 
carded their uniforms in favor of street 
clothing. This proved very successful. 
The children were encouraged to call 
the baby team nurses by their Christian 
names. There were two reasons for 
this. The children s speech develop 
ment was slow and it did not seem 
reasonable to expect a child whose 
first words would normally be "mama" 
or "papa", to substitute "Miss Ralph" 
or "Madame Roussel." Further, at two 
to three years of age, the children were 
not identifying individuals. As they 
were mostly French-speaking, everyone 
was "ma tante." By using Christian 
names, the children found it easier to 
identify the nurses, and their "aunts" 
became special rather than general. 

The next step was to introduce the 
children to the outside world. Outings 
were initiated at such times as they 

JANUARY 1967 




The clothing requirements of children 
with deformities are complex. The staff 
at the Rehabilitation Institute of 
Montreal developed several functional 
garments for the children with 
prostheses, including the dress and 
panties shown in photograph. 



JANUARY 1967 



could be coordinated with prosthetic 
training. Small groups were taken to 
visit the zoo, the circus, shopping cen 
ters, Santa Claus, and to eat lunch 
in a restaurant. They had picnics and 
train rides and were taken skating in 
a public park. When the children were 
from three-and-one-half to four-years- 
old, our physiotherapy department 
began teaching them to swim; their 
daily sessions in the pool are now a 
high spot. 

The baby team nurses also took the 
children to their own homes for lunch. 
On these visits the children appreciated 
seeing things they did not see in the 
Institute: design and color of food; 
china and tablecloths; shower curtains; 
door knobs, and carpets. We have tried 
to introduce as many of these as pos 
sible to the Institute. 

The result of these outings was ex 
tremely satisfying. The most with 
drawn child became quite relaxed 
about new human contacts. The reac 
tion of the general public was also 
encouraging. Apart from an occasional 
stare and a few questions from mothers 
with children of the same age, we met 
only kindly interest and offers of help. 

From the outings the children de 
veloped interest in dressing and wear 
ing pretty clothes. We made no attempt 
to hide prostheses, but tried to dress 
the children as much as possible like 
children their own age. They now 
have very definite likes and dislikes in 
color, and we have tried to make them 
feel that the garments they prefer are 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



The hospitalized children now occupy 
two large units one for sleeping, 
the other for eating and playing. 



Daily swimming sessions in the pool 
are a high spot for the children. 





their own and not communal. 

The clothing requirements of chil 
dren with deformities are complex. As 
so many people are involved, the baby 
team leader has been given the addi 
tional assignment of coordinating the 
needs and ideas of occupational thera 
pist, parents, nurses and volunteers. 

Much thought was given to the de 
sign of garments to be worn over pros- 
theses, especially those of the upper 
extremities. After consultation with 
nurses, occupational therapists, psy 
chologists, and a group of ladies who 
kindly offered to sew for us, we have 
evolved several functional garments 
that are also attractive. Velcro clos 
ures have been used instead of but 
tons, but the illusion has been pre 
served by sewing buttons in place. 
Since we found that the action of 
cables quickly wore through materials, 
we have used iron-on patches inside 
shirts and in dresses across the shoul 
ders. The velcro can be opened and 
closed with the prosthesis or feet, thus 
making the child as independent as 
possible in dressing and undressing. 

One attractive but useful dress has 
velcro closures down the back. It is 
sleeveless with separate sleeves (in a 
white or contrasting color) which can 
be attached with velcro inside around 
the armhole. For most activities the 
child can use the prosthesis without 
sleeves; for dress-up occasions the 
sleeves are easily attached. 

Toilet independence has presented 
many problems because of the chil- 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



dren s prostheses and lack of upper 
extremities. Panties have been designed 
on a diaper principle, with strips of 
velcro down each side substituting for 
safety pins. The diaper is held around 
the waist by an attached band of ma 
terial. To remove the flap of the pan 
ties for toilet purposes, the front flap 
can be pulled down with the child s 
prosthesis or fingers inserted in a loop 
made of tape on either upper front 
corner of the diaper. To replace the 
flap of the panties, the child sits down 
on the diaper and raises the flap using 
the loops to pull it up into position. 
Then he stands up and presses his hips 
against the wall to fasten the velcro 
securely. One of our mothers devised 
a method of pulling panties up and 
down with tapes and attaching them 
with velcro, but this method still re 
quires further thought and develop 
ment. 

It is interesting to note how the 
concept of the "rehabilitation team" is 
applied to the thalidomide group of 
children. Every week the baby team 
has held a meeting led by the con 
sultant in psychology. Her advice on 
the management of individual children 
and general problems has been inval 
uable. Since the nurse and occupational 
therapist must work together in pros 
thetic training, the occupational thera 
pist in charge of the children also at 
tended these meetings. From the meet 
ings a most rewarding relationship 
with social service developed, which 
has since expanded beyond this group 



of children to all age groups in the 
unit. Our colleagues in speech therapy 
who attended these meetings outlined 
the normal development of speech and 
pointed out specific difficulties with 
various children. The department of 
therapeutic recreation helped us with 
outings. Volunteers have been very 
valuable. In fact, the whole operation 
has been a real team effort, under 
the benign supervision of the chief of 
service. 

Now the children are all in their 
own homes or foster homes. We hope 
that we have made their adjustment a 
little easier. Certainly congenitally mal 
formed children who come to us in 
future will present fewer problems to 
the nursing department in the light 
of this unique experience. D 



JANUARY 1967 



Impact of cerebral palsy on 
patient and family 

Feelings of inferiority on the part of the patient, jealousy on the part of the 
siblings, and guilt on the part of parents, are common reactions to this disease. 



William A. Hawke, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Lond.) , F.R.C.P. (C) 



What must parents face when told 
that their child has cerebral palsy? 
They must face the fact that the con 
dition cannot be cured by medical or 
surgical procedures and that the effects 
of the disease will persist throughout 
the life of the individual. They must 
realize that the disease may limit 
education and employability, marriage 
and the bearing of children, self- 
sufficiency, and self-support. Although 
these limitations are modifiable through 
therapy, the parents will have to invest 
a considerable amount of time and 
money in the therapeutic program. 
This program will change the normal 
routines of the home and will, of 
necessity, create an extremely close 
relationship between the parents and 
their handicapped child. 

Some parents will have to face the 
fact that their child has additional de 
fects, such as mental retardation, deaf 
ness, aphasia, and convulsions, with 
all their inherent problems. 

The impact of the diagnosis on the 
family is tremendous, and the inter 
view during which the parents are 
confronted with this diagnosis is ex 
tremely traumatic. 

Problems unique to cerebral palsy 

The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is 
usually made after months of anxiety. 
Frequently, the parents have been dis 
turbed by a number of different and 
conflicting diagnoses including, in most 
cases, that of mental retardation. This 
delay is less frequent in recent years, 
JANUARY 1967 



however, since physicians are becom 
ing more skilled in diagnosing cerebral 
palsy in young children, and are be 
coming more cautious in diagnosing 
mental retardation. 

The parents of cerebral palsied 
children affect each other both indi 
vidually and in groups. These relation 
ships are usually beneficial. Parents 
provide each other with additional 
information about the disease and 
about techniques that they have found 
to be effective. In many instances they 
support each other. On occasion, 
however, the effects may not be so 
satisfactory. Some parents make others, 
who plan to place their severely handi 
capped children in institutions, feel 
that they are inadequate parents who 
are shirking their responsibilities. Oc 
casionally, certain parents may make 
it difficult for other parents to accept 
the reality of the situation, the limita 
tions of therapy, and the ultimate 
future. These effects, however, seem 
to be less frequent at the present time, 
probably because families have a 
closer relationship with treatment cen 
ters, particularly with social workers 
in these centers. 

The staff of the treatment centers 
may create problems for the parents. 
Occasionally they give a poor prog 
nosis, which is unwarranted. More 

Dr. Hawke is Professor of Pediatrics, 
University of Toronto, and Director of the 
Neurological and Psychiatric Services of 
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. 



frequently, however, they create opti 
mism in the parents because of an un 
justifiably euphoric prognosis. 

There are several reasons for this 
over optimism. First, staff members are 
sympathetic to the parents and do not 
wish to make them face unpleasant 
realities. Second, certain members of 
the staff may lack experience and 
have not followed the progress of such 
children for sufficient time to learn 
the natural course of the disease. In 
most cases, however, the staff and fam 
ily become involved in a personal 
struggle against the disease, and in 
this struggle the staff member loses 
his or her objectivity. Fortunately, 
these effects are less prominent at pres 
ent because most clinics now have 
conferences in which the child s his 
tory is presented to the staff for dis 
cussion. 

These are only a few of the prob 
lems that may be considered specific 
to cerebral palsy. They are, however, 
the most frequently occurring prob 
lems. 

Effect on parents 

Feelings of anxiety may develop in 
the parents, particularly if the disease 
is severe and the prognosis grave. In 
one extreme case of anxiety reported 
several years ago, two elderly per 
sons killed their only son who had 
cerebral palsy, since they felt that they 
no longer could give him adequate 
care. They killed him rather than let 
him go to an institution where they 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



believed he would be given inadequate 
and impersonal care. 

A feeling of anger is also a com 
mon reaction of parents. In most 
cases the anger is originally directed 
against fate. "Why did this have to 
happen to me and my child?" It is 
seldom directed against the child, but 
is projected on other individuals. 
Parents may project this free-floating 
anger toward the physician, blaming 
him because they believe the disease 
was due to improper delivery or to 
inadequate care during pregnancy be 
cause the condition was originally mis- 
diagnosed. They may project this 
anger toward the physician because he 
is unable to cure the disease. This 
hostility is sometimes directed against 
neighbors, or even strangers on the 
street. Curiosity on the part of such 
individuals may be considered by the 
parents as evidence that they regard 
the child as a freak. 

Feelings of guilt frequently are 
evidenced by parents. If there has been 
a similar condition in the family, they 
feel responsible for transmission of the 
disease. They may feel responsible 
for the child s cerebral palsy for a 
number of reasons: Mothers who have 
not followed the prescribed regimen 
during pregnancy may believe that 
their negligence is responsible for the 
condition. In a certain number of 
cases, the pregnancy was unwanted, 
and the mothers carried out a number 
of simple activities, such as long walks, 
hot and cold baths, etc., in the hope 
that these would produce an abortion. 
If the child is born with a defect, the 
parents feel that these attempts at 
abortion have been responsible for the 
defect. Other parents of a handicapped 
child may feel that this has been their 
punishment for past misdemeanors, 
often sexual in nature. 

Feelings of denial may be part of 
the parents pattern of defence. It is 
very difficult for parents to deny the 
cerebral palsy, but many deny the 
prognosis, accepting the realities of the 
present disability, but not of the future. 
These parents frequently travel from 
clinic to clinic, hoping to find someone 
who will justify their opinions. 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Feelings of rejection may occur be 
cause of the unusual appearance of the 
child, because of the additional burden 
imposed on the family, and, in some 
cases, because the individual is unable 
to accept the fact that a child of his 
can be incomplete or inadequate. Open 
and frank rejection of the child is 
uncommon. Such feelings are usually 
intolerable to the parents and are re 
placed by feelings of oversolicitude and 
overprotection. 

Not all overprotection is a compen 
sation for rejection. It may simply be 
the reaction of very affectionate 
parents who feel sorry for their 
handicapped child. An extreme exam 
ple of overprotection was the mother 
of the epileptic child who would not 
allow her daughter to cross the road 
for fear that she might have a seizure. 
This mother went to school with the 
child, returned with her, and stood 
at the window in her home during the 
rest of the day to see that she was 
not on the road. The mother of a 14- 
year-old diabetic boy who had noc 
turnal reactions, slept with him so 
that she could detect any reactions 
that developed. 

Effect on siblings 

Usually the brothers and sisters of 
the cerebral palsied child feel pity for 
him, particularly if he is younger. They 
feel sorry for him because his activities 
are so restricted and because he can 
not join other children of his age in 
various games and sports. 

With time, however, these feelings 
of pity often change. Jealousy may 
develop because of the amount of 
attention given by the parents to the 
handicapped child. In some homes the 
normal children are almost neglected, 
and the parents focus their attention 
on the handicapped child. Jealousy is 
particularly marked if the sibling is 
close in age to that of the handicapped 
child, and also if he is of the same sex. 

Feelings of guilt may arise in the 
sibling. In many cases these develop 
because he becomes disturbed about 
his feelings of jealousy. He feels it is 
wrong, almost "sinful," to have such 
feelings about the brother or sister 



who is so handicapped and whose life 
is so limited. 

If the parents are able to accept the 
child, so will the siblings. Large fa 
milies seem to be able to accept the 
handicapped child better than small 
families. Rural families appear able to 
accept them more adequately than 
urban families. This sensitivity seems 
to come to a peak during adolescence 
and early adult life. It is particularly 
evident in girls who think of marriage 
and who are concerned about the im 
pact of the handicapped child on their 
future husbands. A number are also 
concerned about the possibility of 
having similarly handicaped children 
of their own. 

Effect on handicapped individual 

As the child grows older, the effects 
of his handicap increase and are most 
marked in adolescence and early adult 
life. 

The cerebral palsied child may de 
velop feelings of inadequacy or inferi 
ority because of his inability to take 
part in normal activities, because of 
his physical appearance, or because of 
the limitations imposed on him by the 
treatment of the disease. In addition, 
he may experience a sense of isolation. 
This, to some degree, depends upon 
his inherited personality, but also upon 
his opportunities for contact with other 
children. Some children remain socially 
and emotionally immature because of 
restricted experiences and restricted 
contacts with normal children. 

Anger may be directed against the 
limitations imposed by the disease, or 
may be projected on others. It is often 
projected on the normal siblings be 
cause they have a life that is richer 
and fuller. Occasionally this hostility 
may be projected against the mother, 
whom the child blames for the disease. 

Feelings of anxiety and insecurity 
are particularly evident in older child 
ren who are handicapped. These feel 
ings are well-demonstrated by a girl 
who developed poliomyelitis in ado 
lescence. She was a bright, intelligent 
girl who had previously enjoyed nor 
mal activities. The poliomyelitis was 
severe, and in the early weeks created 
JANUARY 1967 



almost total immobilization. In hos 
pital, she became depressed and was 
referred for psychiatric assistance. It 
soon became obvious that she was 
concerned about her future, feeling 
that she could never support herself, 
would never marry, and would never 
have children. All her plans for the 
future had been destroyed by the 
poliomyelitis. 

It is obvious that the problems will 
be intensified if the individual is intel 
lectually retarded. It is perhaps less 
obvious that they will be intensified 
if the individual shows specific patterns 
of behavior called "the organic brain 
syndrome." The behavioral patterns 
noted in this syndrome include marked 
distractibility, an inability to control 
behavior, and an inability to work 
consistently toward an organized goal. 
There may also be distortions of audi 
tory perception that lead to problems 
in understanding and producing speech, 
or distortions of visual perception that 
may lead to problems in reading and 
writing. D 




JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Recent advances in heart 
surgery 

Today, scientific discoveries are integrated with increasing speed to the field of 
practical application. Heart surgery was born in this age of space exploration and 
gigantic scientific achievements. It has rapidly reached the stage of a 
well-established science. 



Pierre Grondin, M.D., and Claude Meere, M.D. 



In its early stages, surgery of the 
heart was limited to the correction of 
simple congenital lesions. Today open 
heart surgery is capable of correcting 
the more complex forms of congenital 
and acquired heart diseases, and this 
is true even in a far advanced stage of 
the illness. 

At the Montreal Heart Institute, 
surgical procedures have been per 
formed since 1958. As has happened 
elsewhere, there has been a geometric 
progression in the number of cases per 
formed each year and in the steady 
improvement of the results. In the 
seven-year period from 1958 to 1965, 
815 patients underwent intra-cardiac 
operations using extracorporeal circu 
lation. During the first 4 years, 315 
such procedures were performed as 
compared to 500 in the last 3 years. 
The early operative mortality was 35 
to 40 percent, and it has decreased 
progressively during the last period to 
less than 10 percent. This occurred in 
spite of surgical corrections of more 
complex lesions on poor risk patients. 
For instance, during the summer of 
1965, three patients considered mori- 
bunds successfully underwent emergen 
cy surgical correction of multi-valvular 
lesions. 

Extracorporeal circulation 

Improvements in the techniques of 
cardio-pulmonary by-pass have opened 
a completely new area in cardiovas 
cular surgery. To work under direct 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



vision inside the cardiac chambers, all 
venous blood returning to the heart 
must be drained off and returned un 
der pressure in the arterial system. The 
heart-lung apparatus contains three es 
sential parts: a pumping system to as 
sure circulation of the blood, an arti 
ficial lung to oxygenate the blood, and 
a heat exchanger to diminish oxygen 
requirements of the tissues by lowering 
the body temperature. 

In cases where the ascending aorta 
has to be clamped, like in aortic valve 
replacement, an additional system is 
needed to provide each coronary artery 
with oxygenated blood and thus main 
tain viability of the cardiac muscle. 

To collect the venous blood, a can- 
nula is placed in each vena cava via 
the right atrium. The blood is drained 
into the oxygenator either by gravity or 
by suction. In the oxygenator, oxygen 
is brought in contact with the blood to 
increase its available oxygen content. 
The oxygenated fluid then goes into the 
heat exchanger where cooling or warm 
ing is performed. (Figure 1 .) 

To avoid injury of the blood ele 
ments (red cells, leucocytes, etc.) the 
pumps must be as atraumatic as pos 
sible. The blood is returned to the 
body via a cannula which is inserted 
either in the ascending aorta, or in a 
femoral or an iliac artery. To keep the 

Drs. Grondin and Meere are members of 
the Department of Experimental Surgery at 
the Montreal Heart Institute. 



operative field bloodless, a cannula is, 
in most instances, inserted for decom 
pression in the left ventricle through 
the apex. 

Intracardiac operations can be per 
formed by different incisions using a 
right or a left thoracotomy. For several 
years, however, a median sternotomy 
has been commonly utilized, thus 
avoiding opening of the pleura. By this 
sternal approach, we are able to cor 
rect a considerable number of cardiac 
lesions since all the heart valves and 
most of the cardiac chambers are thus 
easily accessible. 

To avoid clotting of the blood in the 
extracorporeal circuit, heparin is given 
intravenously before cannulation of 
the heart and blood vessels. We use 
three mg. of heparin per kilogram of 
body weight. When the intracardiac 
operation is finished, the heparin is 
neutralized by administration of an 
equal amount of protamine. 

In the cardiac surgery, air embo 
lisms must be carefully avoided, be 
cause the presence of gas bubbles in 
small arteries acts as a clot causing 
occlusion. Air emboli in small but im 
portant cerebral arteries are often fol 
lowed by serious neurological deficits. 
Air embolism is prevented first by 
adding filters to the heart-lung appa 
ratus and also by careful evacuation of 
air from the heart chambers before 
returning to normal cardiac function. 

Hypothermia is a valuable aid in 
extracorporeal circulation. Today, 

JANUARY 1967 



Fig. 1 



EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION 




Pump 



only moderate hypothermia is com 
monly used. It consists of a gradual de 
crease of the central body temperature 
from 37 degrees to 29 or 30 degrees 
(centigrade). At this level, oxygen re 
quirements of the tissues are decreased 
by 50 percent. 

Many delicate intracardiac proce 
dures are best performed on a "quiet" 
or arrested heart. Cardiac contractions 
can be stopped by several means. One 
of them consists of inducing a deep and 
selective cardiac hypothermia. These 
low temperatures produce cardiac ar 
rest and/or ventricular fibrillation. 
More recently, we have preferred the 
use of a small electrical current which 
induces and maintains ventricular fi 
brillation. Cardiac arrest induced elec 
trically or by hypothermia is also use 
ful at the end of cardio-pulmonary by 
pass to avoid air embolism. 

Many of the early heart-lung systems 
had a huge priming volume. For in 
stance, the apparatus used at the Mont 
real Heart Institute between 1960 and 
1962 needed some 3500 to 4000 cc. 
The priming fluid consisted at that time 
of whole blood, which imposed a tre 
mendous task upon the blood bank. 
Today this equipment is simplified and 
its priming volume rarely exceeds 1 800 
cc. To further reduce the quantity of 
blood needed for priming, and to 
improve capillary perfusion, we dilute 
the priming volume with 5 percent 
glucose in 0.4 NaCl. The ratio is 2/3 
blood and 1/3 dextrose solution. We 

JANUARY 1967 



also add electrolytes, mainly KCl, to 
prevent postoperative deficit. 

Acquired heart lesions 

The acquired cardiac lesions now 
amenable to surgery are: 1. constric- 
tive pericarditis; 2. aurioculo-ventricu- 
lar dissociation (AV block); 3. massive 
pulmonary embolism; 4. mechanical 
complications of myocardial infarction; 
5. coronary artery insufficiency (angina 
pectoris); 6. traumatic lesions; 7. val 
vular heart disease. 

Constrictive pericarditis 

Pericardial constriction was not un 
usual several years ago. It was pro 
duced in most instances by a tuber 
culous infection. Now, this disease has 
almost disappeared. At the Montreal 
Heart Institute, only three such cases 
have been admitted for surgery since 
1963. The surgical correction consists 
of the removal of the thickened and 
often calcified pericardium, which acts 
as a shell preventing normal cardiac 
contractions. This disease, affecting 
cardiac filling, is frequently mistaken 
for cirrhosis of the liver. Recovery fol 
lowing surgery requires a three to six 
month convalescence, but it is quite 
spectacular in most cases. 

Auriculo-ventricular 
dissociation 

Auriculo-ventricular dissociation 
also called Stokes-Adams syndrome 
was nearly always fatal within two 



years of onset before artificial pace 
makers came into clinical use. In this 
ailment, atrial contractions are not 
transmitted to the ventricles because 
of some organic interference with the 
Bundle of His. The rate of ventricular 
contraction is often less than 40 beats 
per minute and sometimes it reaches 
as low as 25 or even 20 beats per 
minute. Episodes of ventricular ta 
chycardia or prolonged asystole ensue 
and cause inadequate cerebral perfu 
sion resulting in dizziness and/ or syn 
cope. During these periods of asystole, 
ventricular fibrillation is not uncom 
mon and is followed by sudden death 
in most instances. 

AV block is mostly a disease of 
people in their sixth, seventh, or eighth 
decade. It results from a degenerative 
process affecting the intracardiac ner 
vous tissue. However, AV block may 
follow a large myocardial infarct and 
cause a rapid exitus. Treatment of this 
condition with drugs such as isoprote- 
renol is deceiving. The only sure way 
to prevent disaster is to stimulate the 
heart with electricity by an apparatus 
which may be implanted or used ex 
ternally. To avoid Stokes-Adams ac 
cidents, electrodes are implanted into 
the heart using an transvenous catheter 
or by a direct transthoracic puncture. 
Once the patient is protected by ex 
ternal stimulation, an elective opera 
tion can be performed later which con 
sists of the implantation of a small 
transitorized apparatus called a pace- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



Fig. 2 



CARDIAC PACEMAKER 




(4) Cardiac stimulation 

(3) Wires inserted through the diaphragm 

(2) Rhythmic influx electronic feeding device 



*" (1) Continuous steam power batteries 



maker. (Figure 2.) 

Several types of pacemakers are in 
clinical use. We now prefer a synchro 
nized apparatus (Atricor made by Cor- 
dis Corporation) which seems to offer 
many advantages over the earlier fixed- 
rate models. The synchronous or P- 
wave pacemaker provides a better car 
diac output because it regulates the 
ventricular contractions to the atrial 
systoles. It thus permits variations in 
the cardiac rhythm and output ac 
cording to the needs of the body. 

The surgical procedure of pace 
maker implantation is simple and its 
mortality is very low. Patients as old 
as 89 years of age were operated on 
successfully at the Montreal Heart In 
stitute and no operative mortality has 
been deplored. 

Massive pulmonary embolism 

In recent years, the heart-lung ma 
chine has been simplified rendering 
possible its preparation for cardio-pul- 
monary by-pass in a matter of minutes. 
The cardiac surgeon is capable of re 
moving massive pulmonary emboli as 
an emergency procedure and saves 
many lives that formerly were lost. The 
treatment consists of extracting the 
clots from the main pulmonary artery 
and its branches. In most cases the 
procedure is complemented by liga- 
tion of a plication of the inferior vena 
cava to prevent recurrent onbolization. 
At the Heart Institute, preparation for 
cardio-pulmonary by-pass can be made 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



in 15 minutes for such emergencies. 

Mechanical complications of 
myocardial infarction 

Even though surgery is limited in the 
treatment of myocardial infarction, 
mechanical complications of this dis 
ease such as ventricular aneurysms, 
perforations of the septum, and rup 
tures of papillary muscles - - can be 
corrected surgically. After an extensive 
coronary thrombosis, some patients 
develop an abnormal dilatation of the 
left ventricular wall. The dilatation 
causes chronic heart failure, mostly 
because of its paradoxical motion. 
These cases respond poorly to medical 
management because the dilated ventri 
cular wall has no contractile strength 
and has a paradoxical expansion 
during each systole. Cardiac output is 
thus markedly reduced. We have cor 
rected four such aneurysms with three 
survivals. The operation is rather sim 
ple. The dilated wall is excised, and 
the mural thrombus removed. The 
ventricular edges are then resutered. 
Postoperatively, these patients are 
markedly improved and can resume 
useful activities. 

Perforation of the septum following 
cardiac infarction is uncommon. Some 
authors report a 50 percent death rate 
within the first week after perforation 
and a survival rate of only 13 percent 
after two months. The surgical pro 
cedure consists of closing the perfo 
rated septum under cardio-pulmonary 



by-pass. Three such procedures have 
been performed at the Montreal Heart 
Institute with gratifying results. 

Coronary artery insufficiency 

Chronic coronory insufficiency is the 
most common acquired heart condition 
of our modern time. Until recently, 
even adequate medical therapy with 
vasodilators or anticoagulants and as 
sociated cessation of all activities was 
unable to lower the mortality rate. 

For the past 15 years various surgi 
cal procedures have been advocated, 
primarly by Beck, O Shaughnessy and 
Vineberg. At present, the implantation 
of the internal mammary artery (called 
Vineberg s procedure) is currently per 
formed in some 25 Canadian and 
American centers. This experience, al 
though recent, is quite encouraging. 

Surgical technique consists of im 
planting a systemic artery (the internal 
mammary, an intercostal or a venous 
graft from the descending thoracic 
aorta, etc.) into a myocardial tunnel. 
For diffuse coronary artery disease, an 
epicardectomy is often added along 
with a free omental graft which is 
wrapped around the heart muscle. 
Postoperative cine-angiographic studies 
have shown beyond any doubt satis 
factory patency of the implanted artery 
and newly developed collateral bran 
ches. According to more recent studies, 
after eight months the blood flow into 
the implanted artery is equal to the 
flow in a normal anterior descending 

JANUARY 1967 



Fig. 3 




-,.,- 



Commonly used artificial heart valves. 
Left to right: Starr aortic; Starr mitral; 
Magovern aortic; Cutter; and Hufnagel 
valve. 



coronary artery. These surgical pro 
cedures are promising and will play 
an important role in the treatment of 
chronic coronary insufficiency. 

Traumatic heart disease 

Trauma to the heart is not always 
lethal, fortunately. If one adopts a 
prompt and aggressive attitude, it is 
possible to salvage a good proportion 
of such cases. 

All authors agree that upon admis 
sion, when a cardiac wound is sus 
pected, a pericardial puncture must be 
performed. By this maneuver the 
diagnosis is confirmed and cardiac 
compression, if present, is temporarily 
relieved. If cardiac tamponnade recurs, 
the heart should be explored and the 
wound sutured. 

Diseases of the heart valves 

Modern cardiac surgery is now con 
centrating its energy in the correction 
of valvular lesions. Except in cases of 
pure and non-calcified mitral stenosis 
(adequately treated by commissuroto- 
my) the correction of valvular disease 
requires the insertion of a prosthetic 
heart valve. A variety of prostheses are 
available, but all have the same hy 
draulic principle of the ball-valve des 
cribed by Starr and Edwards in 1960. 
(Figure 3.) 

The pros and cons do not differ 
much from one type to another. In all, 
anticoagulants must be prescribed for 

JANUARY 1967 



the entire life of the patient. These 
artificial valves may become partially 
dislodged, throw emboli, or become in 
fected. More recently, Gordon Murray, 
Donald Ross, and Barrat Boyes have 
popularized the use of homograft 
valves. The danger of embolization and 
infection seems to be lessened with 
these homografts. 

At the Montreal Heart Institute, 
more than 190 patients have been 
operated on for valvular replacement. 
Of this group, 27 have had simultane 
ous replacement of two valves, either 
the mitral and aortic in 23 cases, or 
the mitral and tricuspid in 4 cases. 

These patients were operated upon 
at a far advanced stage of the disease 
and long term results are very satis 
factory. An impressive number of these 
patients have returned to a near 
normal and productive life. 

Conclusion 

In recent years, heart surgery has 
reached more unexplored goals than 
any other surgical discipline. After es 
tablishing satisfactory procedures for 
several acquired lesions such as val 
vular malfunctions, AV blocks and 
mechanical complications of myocar- 
dial infarction, cardiac surgery is now 
claiming continuing success in the 
revascularization of the myocardium. 
Coronary artery disease affects, in the 
United States alone, more than 25 mil 
lion people. Most authors agree that 



about 5 million such patients can now 
benefit from revascularization proce 
dures. These accomplishments illustrate 
the enormous possibilities of surgery 
in cardiovascular ailments. A great 
number of cardiac cripples can now be 
rehabilitated to a useful life. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Intensive care unit 

in cardiovascular surgery 

A description of the intensive care setup at the Montreal Institute of Cardiology. 



An intensive care unit for patients 
having cardiovascular surgery is de 
signed to decrease mortality rate and 
to give patients the benefit of highly 
technical care and close observation. 
Such a unit, with its up-to-date equip 
ment and well qualified personnel, 
helps to eliminate the unfavorable 
effects of anxiety and fear that may 
predispose to postoperative complica 
tions. 

Physical organization 

The intensive care unit for cardio 
vascular surgery is not merely a re 
covery room. Patients are admitted 
as soon as they come out of the operat 
ing room and the average stay is five 
days. 

To serve both operating rooms of 
the Montreal Institute of Cardiology, 
13 beds are provided in two six-bed 
units and one isolation room. The iso 
lation room is used to ensure quietness 
and privacy to a severely ill patient, 
to isolate a patient with an infectious, 
disease, or to permit the assembly of 
all machines and equipment together in 
one area for a seriously ill patient. 

A two-bed room is available for 
patients who have not had surgery, but 
whose condition requires close super 
vision. This includes persons with acute 
pulmonary edema, babies or infants 
who have had heart catheterization, 
and patients being observed after atrial 
defibrillation. 

Space allotted: Approximately 108 
square feet are allotted to each patient. 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Cecile Boisvert 



This provides sufficient space for 
equipment and additional personnel in 
case of emergency. 

Direct observation: No system of 
automation, whether it be heart mon 
itors or other electronic instruments, 
can replace direct observation. For 
this reason, the central station is 
located so that each patient can be 
watched at all times. 

Waiting room for visitors: Even 
though visits are restricted, a waiting 
room in close proximity to the post 
operative unit is provided for parents 
and relatives. 

Air conditioning: A system of air 
conditioning is essential, not only for 
the comfort of patients and staff, but 
also to offset the heat produced by 
many electronic instruments. Ade 
quate humidity is also required to keep 
mucous membranes moist and to 
facilitate expectoration of bronchial 
secretions. 

Equipment 

Oxygen and suction: Each unit has 
two oxygen outlets and two wall 
suction connections. One suction outlet 
is for chest drainage and the other for 
oro-nasal or endotracheal aspiration of 
our patients. 

Miss Boisvert, a graduate of St-Joseph s 
Hospital in Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, special 
ized in cardiology at 1 Institut Marguerite 
d Youville in Montreal. She is Head Nurse 
of the Intensive Care Unit at the Montreal 
Institute of Cardiology. 



Electrical: Electrical outlets are 
numerous since many electrical de 
vices are used in the various types 
of treatment. Five double outlets, 
separately fused, are provided per 
patient and a special outlet is available 
in each unit for taking chest x-rays 
at the patient s bedside. 

Monitoring and alarm systems for 
emergencies: The heart monitor is of 
special assistance when observing pa 
tients who have had cardiovascular 
surgery. Numerous complications and 
even fatal outcomes have been avoided 
through the use of such devices. 

A recently published report of 
research undertaken by a team of 
physicians and nurses at the Presby 
terian Hospital of Philadelphia states: 
"If the heart rhythm can be constan 
tly observed through the use of mon 
itors, and if the equipment necessary 
for resuscitation is kept near the pa 
tient, potentially fatal arrhythmias may 
be detected and treated instantly. Total 
mortality in patients having a myocar- 
dial infarct, at the acute stage, may 
thus be reduced by almost 50 per 
cent."* 

The monitoring system at the Mon 
treal Institute of Cardiology includes 
a central complex of monitors which 
indicate heart rhythm, ECG tracing, 

* Lawrence Meltzer, Rose Pinneo, Roderick 
Kitchell, Intensive Coronary Care A 
Manual for Nurses, Philadelphia. The Pres 
byterian Hospital, 1965. 
** Ibid. 

JANUARY 1967 




Eight-bed central station using Selector 
Monitor with repeat meters and alarm 
lights. A single channel recorder is in 
cluded for automatic or manual opera 
tion. 



and the curve of the peripheral pulse 
of each patient. This central complex 
is located in the nursing station and 
is connected to the cardioscope at the 
bedside. 
The monitoring system also contains: 

a) An alarm system that warns the 
staff if the patient showns signs of 
ventricular fibrillation, tachycardia or 
bradycardia. 

b) A mechanism that operates auto 
matically or on demand to provide a 
recording on paper of a particular or 
doubtful ECG tracing which the nurse 
has been able to observe on the oscil 
loscope. These ECG tapes help the 
physician to assess the patient s condi 
tion; for the nurse, they are indisputa 
ble arguments to justify her observa 
tions. 

c) A "memory tape loop" that 
records and retranscribes on paper the 
ECG of the previous three to five 
minutes. With this device, it is possible 
to determine what happened immedia 
tely before or after the alarm was set 
into action. 

Needle electrodes: The use of needle 
electrodes for ECG has numerous ad 
vantages. They can be installed in a 
few seconds - - an essential in an 
emergency and eliminate false 

alarms and interference because of a 
poor skin contact. 

Needle electrodes can be left in 
place five to seven days without caus 
ing the patient discomfort. The skin 
is cleansed with alcohol before the 

JANUARY 1967 



needle is inserted, to eliminate the pos 
sibility of infection. 

Emergency equipment 

In an intensive care unit, all equip 
ment and drugs must be kept in a 
central location. There can be no com 
promise with this principle. 

Emergency cart: All equipment used 
for resuscitation is assembled on a 
mobile cart that can be rolled quickly 
from the central station to the patient s 
bedside. This represents savings both 
in time and equipment. This cart con 
tains: a), a portable DC defibrillator 
with electrodes and conductive jelly; b). 
lung ventilation equipment, including 
"Resuscitube," intermittent positive 
pressure apparatus, and endotracheal 
tubes and laryngoscope; c). external 
heart massage equipment, including a 
wooden board, measuring about 3 x 2 , 
to place under the patient s chest, or 
an automatic mechanical compressor; 
d). venous dissection equipment; e). 
tracheotomy and tracheal cannulas; f). 
instruments necessary for emergency 
thoracotomy; g). drugs, including epi- 
nephrine, norepinephrine, Aramine, 
Isuprel, bicarbonate of sodium, calcium 
chloride, and Pronestyl; h). sterile 
gloves, syringes, needles, etc. 

The contents of the emergency cart 
are checked carefully each day and 
each time after they are used. 

Personnel 

The care of patients having heart 
surgery involves team work. Good 



results cannot be obtained without 
close cooperation between each mem 
ber of the team. 

Surgeons assume the responsibi 
lity for patients in the intensive care 
unit, and the residents in cardiovas 
cular surgery are entrusted with the 
supervision of patients during the entire 
postoperative period. 

Distribution of nursing staff: Any 
patient who has had cardiovascular 
surgery requires nursing care of a truly 
high caliber. To meet such an objec 
tive, a strict minimum of eight hours 
care must be provided for each patient 
in a 24-hour period. The nurse s aide 
contributes by performing certain tasks, 
such as bathing the patient, changing 
his bed linen and helping him to eat. 

Selection: Careful selection of nurs 
ing personnel is essential. Desirable 
personal attributes include: an ability 
to learn and assimilate new techniques 
quickly; emotional stability, which 
allows a person to face emergency si 
tuations efficiently; good health, since 
much physical effort is required in the 
unit; a marked interest in and dedica 
tion to this type of work. 

Previous experience in a recovery 
room or intensive care unit is a great 
asset. It is not, however, a requisite for 
employment. 

Status: Because of the responsibil 
ities that the nurses in this unit must 
assume, it is logical that they should 
have a distinctive status and that their 
experience be recognized. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 
IN HEART SURGERY DEPARTMENT 



CH 



ED 

EH 



EH 



ISOLATED 
ROOM 



CENTRAL 
STATION 



MONITORING 
PANEL 

JL 



EH 1 




PHARMACY 



Salary should be commensurate with 
their position. Rose Pinneo, in 
Intensive Coronary Care A Manual 
for Nurses, suggests a salary approxi 
mately 15 percent higher than that 
of the basic staff nurse.** This has 
become policy at most hospitals. 

Staff orientation 

Orientation extends over a period 
of about three weeks, during which 
time the nurse is called upon to assume 
increasingly greater responsibilities. 

Under the guidance of an experienc 
ed nurse, the new staff member has 
an opportunity to observe patients. 
This phase of learning is planned in 
advance, not left to chance. New tech 
niques are taught whenever the occa 
sion permits. 

The surgeons, cardiologist, and resi 
dents present lectures and clinics for 
the nurses benefit. Topics include: 
anatomy and physiology of the cardio 
vascular system; pathology of the heart; 
surgical operations for heart disease; 
drugs used in heart surgery; treatment 
of various arrhythmias; postoperative 
complications and preventive measures; 
oxygen therapy; psychological prob 
lems of patients having heart surgery; 
and rehabilitation. 

Each staff member is expected to 
learn, through personal reading, about 
ECG tracings and the various arrhyth 
mias. 

Certain techniques and procedures 
must be learned. These include: mea 
surement of venous pressure; ope- 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ration of the cardioscope and pace 
maker; use of the thermo-regulator 
mattress; handling of the various res 
pirators; techniques of resuscitation 
and external heart massage; and defi- 
brillation in ventricular fibrillation. 

At the Montreal Institute of Car 
diology, the nurse has the right, in cer 
tain circumstances, to carry out ven 
tricular defibrillation, that is, to give 
the patient an electric shock of 300- 
500 watts per second. Ventricular fi 
brillation is an extremely serious 
arrhythmia that may cause death if 
nothing is done within three minutes. 
If the nurse encounters ventricular fi 
brillation in a patient, she must advise 
the surgeon immediately; if, after 60 
seconds, he has not arrived, she starts 
electrical defibrillation to reestablish 
normal heart rhythm. In such circums 
tances, the surgeon assumes full res 
ponsibility for her action. 

To familiarize the staff with proce 
dures performed in an emergency, a 
particularly critical emergency is simul 
ated using a dummy or a member of 
the staff as a patient. The nurse must 
act exactly as if she were faced with 
a real case of cardiac arrest or a pa 
tient who has suddenly developed ven 
tricular fibrillation. Her actions can 
then be assessed and she can be hel 
ped to improve her technique and save 
time. 

Care is never routine 

Nursing care in cardiology can never 
become a matter of routine. It is given 



on an individual basis according to 
age, type of disease, seriousness of the 
illness and the patient s attitude toward 
his condition. 

The nurse must also be concerned 
with the patient s rehabilitation. She is 
in a better position than anyone else to 
help him achieve successful rehabili 
tation. 

Nursing care in heart surgery is a 
real challenge to any nurse. Although 
the work is exacting and the responsibi 
lities heavy, the reward, also, is great. 
The nurse is compensated for her ef 
forts when she sees the patient leave 
hospital improved or cured and when 
she knows that she has given him the 
best of her knowledge and skill in the 
most difficult circumstances. D 



JANUARY 1967 



Varicose veins of the 
lower limbs 



About 10 percent of all adults over thirty-five years of age have some degree of 
varicose change in their saphenous venous system. 



Varicose veins are characterized by 
permanent overdistention and changes 
of their walls. This paper deals with 
varicose veins involving the super 
ficial venous network of the lower 
limbs, especially those situated along 
the internal and external saphenous 
veins. 

Etiology 

Varicose veins usually appear in the 
young adult and increase with age. 
They occur about four times more 
frequently in females than in males. 
They are observed especially in per 
sons who must stand at their work for 
long periods without moving. Their 
development is, moreover, enhanced 
by frequent pregnancies. 

There is often a hereditary factor in 
volved. Some persons seem to have a 
constitutional weakness of the valves of 
the veins and an abnormal propensity 
to distention of the venous walls. In 
a study of 1,500 patients with vari- 
cosities, Raymond Tournay found a 
hereditary factor in 90.6 percent. 

The maternal or the hereditary 
influence from the mother s side is 
found in 55 percent of patients. Thirty- 
three percent of the women with vari- 
cosities developed them during their 
first pregnancy. 

Physiopathology 

Normally, venous circulation return 
ing from the lower limbs results from 
the suction effect of the heart and the 
pulsion effect of the muscular massage 

JANUARY 1967 



Philippe Dionne, M.D. 

on the deep veins and, indirectly, on 
the superficial veins. Venous flow thus 
goes from the saphenous veins to the 
deep veins. Both mechanisms work 
against two contrary movements: res 
piration and hydrostatic pressure. 

One theory of varicosities is that the 
venous backflow pushes the blood from 
the deep veins toward the superficial 
veins by means of communicating 
veins, causing gradual dilatation of the 
superficial veins. It is known, however, 
that these communicating veins contain 
valves that allow the blood to circulate 
only from the surface toward the deep 
veins. (Figure 1 .) Nevertheless, when 
varicose veins have already appeared, 
the valves of the communicating veins 
may be forced, little by little, allowing 
the backflow to by-pass them, thus 
increasing varicose distention. This ex 
plains the aggravation of varicose veins, 
but not how they started. 

At the present time, Trendelenburg s 
theory is the one generally accepted: 
the appearance of varicose veins is 
related to the incompetence of the 
ostial valve situated at the opening of 
the internal saphenous vein into the 
femoral vein. (Figure 2.) The main 
branch of the internal saphenous sup 
ports all the pressure of the abdominal- 
thoracic blood column, since there is 
no valve between this point and the 
heart. Thus, the first segment of the in- 

Dr. Dionne is a member of the surgical 
staff at St. Vincent-de-Paul Hospital. Sher- 
brooke. Quebec. 



ternal saphenous dilates, and the 
valve closing it at the lower segment is 
forced, bringing about distention of the 
second segment, and so forth. From 
one point to the next, the weight of the 
blood column exerts pressure right 
down to the lower part of the leg. 

This valvular incompetency theory 
has been proved by clinical and ex 
perimental evidence. Other factors, 
too, may cause a lack of venous tonus 
which favors distention. 

Types 

There are two main types of vari 
cose veins: essential or idiopathic, and 
secondary, also called substitute or 
compensating. 

All varicose veins of the lower limbs 
are superficial in nature. Certain 
authors speak of "deep" varicose veins; 
however, the anatomy and physiology 
of venous circulation in the lower limbs 
allow us to state definitely that the 
deep veins are not involved in the 
pathological enlargement. Deep varico 
sities just do not exist. The term has 
merely been used to describe patients 
complaints of a feeling of heaviness, 
strain, and cramps in the calves of the 
legs after a long period of standing. 
Such discomfort may be the beginning 
of the complication of internal rupture, 
which will be described later. 

Secondary or "substitute" varicose 
veins are characterized by dilatation 
of the superficial venous system. This 
dilatation acts as a compensation fol 
lowing deep vein thrombophlebitis. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 




Fig. 1 . Diagram showing valves in a 
communicating vein. 1) Femoral vein; 
2) internal saphenous vein; 3) commu 
nicating vein; 4) normal valve that 
opposes flow from the larger vessel 
back into the superficial vessel. 




Fig. 2. Because of insufficiency of the 
ostial valve, the first segment of the 
internal saphenous dilates with corres 
ponding pressure on the collateral cir 
culation. The second valve is then 
forced and the second segment dilates, 
and so on. 1) Femoral vein; 2) pro- 
funda femoral vein; 3) superficial 








Fig. 3. Varicosities of lower leg. 



femoral vein; 4) first segment of 
internal saphenous vein; 5) ostial 
valve; 6) second valve; 7) openings of 
collateral saphenous circulation. 






Fig. 4. Top: After elevation of the leg, 
compression is applied to the saphenous 
vein. Middle: Leg is lowered and 
varicosities do not appear. Bottom: 
When compression is stopped the 
varicosities immediately appear. 



Fig. 5. Left: Subject standing severe 
varicosities apparent. Middle: Subject 
lying down, leg in air varicosities 
collapse. Right: Subject standing with 
tourniquet obstructing the internal 
saphenous varicosities remain col 
lapsed, but are scarcely visible. When 
the restriction is removed, the varico 
sities will fill up from top of leg toward 
ankle, which indicates valvular insuf 
ficiency at the junction of the internal 
saphenous. 




40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 




Fig. 6. Varicose ulcer. 



Secondary varicose veins are late 
complications that can be caused by 
deep thrombophlebitis in the same man 
ner as the post-phlebitic syndrome and 
the post-phlebitic ulcer (stasis ulcer). 

Essential or idiopathic varicose veins 
represent the group of common vari 
cose veins that develop spontaneously 
in the absence of deep venous obstruc 
tion. A hereditary factor is involved. 

Anatomic pathology 

At first, the clusters of varices 
remain localized in restricted areas. Af 
ter progressing for a certain time, 
the varices finally invade the whole 
area of the internal saphenous vein 
and sometimes also the area of the 
external saphenous. 

Macroscopically, the affected veins 
are dilated, tortuous, and fluctuant, 
due to their secondary lengthening. 
Their walls are usually thin and calci 
fied in places. The dilatations often 
contain calcifying clots (phleboliths). 

Under a microscope, a thickening of 
the tunica can be seen in the early 
stage of the varix. Later, this is re 
placed by atrophy with sclerosis. 

Changes occur in other tissues of 
the limb. The sclerous tissue around 
the varices finally reaches the nerves 
and the arteries; the subcutaneous cel 
lular tissue atrophies and becomes the 
site of an edematous infiltration. The 
skin also undergoes important changes. 
It becomes white and glossy in places, 
dry, scaly, and pigmented in others. 
Eczematoid lesions appear and the skin 

JANUARY 1967 



soon becomes badly ulcerated. 

Clinical picture 

Few functional symptoms are evident 
at first. The patient may complain of 
heaviness and fatigue of the limb, with 
malleolar edema in the evening, in 
creased by standing. Later, he may 
experience acute pain in the form of 
leg cramps. 

The physical signs consist of veins 
that are dilated in the form of bluish 
cords, and uneven flexuosities, situated 
most frequently along the internal sa- 
phena, i.e., along the inner surface of 
the thigh and the leg. Varicose veins 
partly disappear when the patient is 
recumbent in the supine position. They 
can be partially reduced by pressure. 
(Figure 3.) 

The Trendelenburg test helps to de 
termine the location of incompetent 
valves. With the patient lying down, 
the leg is elevated to empty the super 
ficial veins. The outlet of the saphena is 
compressed and the patient then is 
asked to stand. If the ostial valve is 
incompetent, the varicose veins fill 
again suddenly from the top to the 
bottom as soon as the digital compres 
sion is removed. (Figure 4.) 

The Trendelenburg test may also 
be used to demonstrate incompetent 
perforating veins. The limb is raised 
to empty the saphenous; the outlet of 
the saphenous is compressed, and the 
limb then is lowered without stopping 
compression. If the perforating veins 
have competent valves, the vein fills 



slowly; if the perforating veins do not 
have competent valves, filling occurs 
rapidly. (Figure 5.) The multiple-tour 
niquet test is also helpful in locating 
the position of incompetent perforating 
veins. 

Perthes test, which consists of com 
pression of the saphenous trunk in the 
thigh followed by exercise carried out 
by the patient, is useful to evaluate 
the patency of the deep venous system. 
If the deep veins are blocked, the vari- 
cosities become enlarged and the pa 
tient feels a pain in the calf of the leg. 

Phlebography supplies two types of 
information: it helps the physician to 
evaluate the deep circulation and to 
localize the incompetent perforating 
veins. 

Complications 

Complications represent the serious 
aspects of varicose veins. 

1. Rupture: External rupture occurs 
through a gradual thinning of the 
dermis over a dilated varix. Suddenly, 
without apparent cause or pain, the 
hemorrhage occurs. Although it may 
be serious, it can usually be controlled 
by elevating the limb and applying a 
pressure bandage. 

Internal rupture occurs over the 
deep veins of the calf. The patient ex 
periences a sharp and sudden "whip 
lash" pain followed by lameness. In the 
ensuing days a painful induration ap 
pears over the calf of the leg, oc 
casionally accompanied by ecchymosis. 

2. Varicose phlebitis: This com- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



plication, which generally involves the 
superficial varicose veins, is common. 
Clinically, edema and local erythema 
are noted. The venous cord becomes 
hard, knotty and painful. Sometimes 
the phlebitis will extend the entire 
length of the internal saphenous. It 
rarely gives rise to emboli, but is 
stubborn and recurring. More often 
than not, the inflammation subsides, 
leaving an indurated cord; however, 
it may progress to suppuration. 

3. Trophic skin : Patches of pig- 
mented skin and dry or oozing eczema 
are commonly found. 

4. Varicose ulcer: This is the most 
common and most serious complica 
tion, since it resists treatment and 
recurs easily. (Figure 6.) Its pathogeny 
is complex. Nutrition of the tegument 
of a varicose limb is poor for two 
reasons: venous stasis and nerve 
changes as a result of sclerosis. 
Clinically, the varicose ulcer is observ 
ed most frequently in the lower half 
of the inner surface of the leg. It 
begins following minimal excoriation 
of the skin, caused by trauma or 
eczema. 

The ulcer gradually enlarges and 
may reach considerable dimensions. 
Its edges are sharp, quite regular, thick 
and adherent. The base of the ulcer is 
irregular, greyish, and atonic, and 
secretes a turbid serous discharge. The 
skin surrounding the ulcer is brownish 
in color. If not treated properly, the 
ulcer gradually increases in size. With 
adequate treatment it may be cured, 
but it recurs with extreme facility. 

The common varicose ulcer must be 
differentiated from the post-phlebitic 
chronic ulcer or "stasis ulcer," which 
represents a separate entity. The latter 
is found in patients who have suffered 
deep phlebitis of the lower limbs some 
years previously and who, afterwards, 
have shown the syndrome known as 
the "post-phlebitic leg": vague pain; a 
feeling of heaviness, fatigue, and 
cramps in the affected limb; and the 
appearance of hard and sometimes 
ligneous edema. At first, the skin has 
a smooth, glossy appearance with 
brownish-red pigmentation. 

Although varicosities may not exist 
prior to or during the course of the 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



phlebitis, they may appear later. After 
ward, the ulcer sets in and resists 
almost any type of treatment. 

Our present knowledge of the causa 
tive mechanism of "stasis ulcer" now 
enables us to treat it successfully with 
surgery. Deep thrombophlebitis, in its 
acute phase, completely blocks the 
deep vein of the limb. With time and 
treatment, the acute phase subsides. 
Later, the vein becomes more or less 
permeable again, but like a rigid tube, 
having lost its elasticity. Muscular mas 
sage is no longer effective; hence, there 
is a backflow through the communicat 
ing veins and a consecutive stasis in the 
superficial venous network with the 
onset of substitute varicose veins and 
a stasis ulcer. 

Treatment 

Uncomplicated essential varicose 
veins are relatively easy to manage. 
Small varices that give little trouble can 
be treated by having the patient wear 
elastic stockings; the compression thus 
achieved is sufficient to prevent the 
evolution of lesions. If, however, the 
patient refuses to wear elastic stockings 
permanently, sclerosing solutions can 
be injected particularly in the case of 
moderate and well-localized varicose 
veins. The injection of sclerosing solu 
tions has a positive effect; this treat 
ment involves little risk, allows the 
patient to be ambulatory, and has the 
advantage of curing the disorder with 
out leaving scars. The injected scleros 
ing solution induces a localized obli 
terating endophlebitis which transforms 
the varix into a solid cord. 

The purpose of the sclerosing treat 
ment is to prevent lesions and later 
complications from developing. It will 
give excellent results if it is started 
early and if the patient regularly visits 
his physician to have him sclerose any 
ulterior varicose dilatation. It will be 
more effective if the patient is well 
aware of his or her condition and 
understands the importance of wearing 
elastic stockings. 

If, however, the patient refuses to 
wear such stockings; if he or she does 
not want to undergo the continuous 
sclerosing treatment; if the varicose 
veins are enormous; or if the patient 



shows one of the serious complications 
of varices, surgery is the only effective 
treatment. The latter consists of the 
division of the great saphenous vein 
at the saphenofemoral junction, with 
ligation of all its collaterals, and the 
stripping of the entire internal saphe 
nous vein from the groin to the internal 
malleolus. If indicated, the perforating 
veins, especially those in the upper 
third of the leg, are ligated as well. 

Sclerosing solutions may be injected, 
if necessary, pre- or postoperatively to 
avoid too many scars. After surgery, a 
compression bandage is applied to the 
limb to prevent hemorrhage. 

Walking is resumed the following 
day to avoid stasis and deep thrombo 
ses. The functional and esthetic re 
sults of such operations are excellent. 

The destruction or eradication of 
the varicose veins by surgery automa 
tically cures a varicose ulcer. If, 
however, the ulcer is of a large di 
ameter, over 2 cm., for instance, its 
recurrence will be prevented by ex 
cising the ulcerated area and applying 
a dermo-epidermal graft. 

The recurring post-phlebitic ulcer 
(stasis ulcer) is treated surgically ac 
cording to a special technique, after 
the surgeon has made certain that the 
deep circulation is adequate. The ulcer 
is widely excised to the level of the 
fascia; then, the underlying perforating 
veins are ligated even beyond the 
fascia to block the backflow to the 
surface. Frequently, the detachment of 
a large flap that includes the fascia 
helps the surgeon to ligate the perforat 
ing veins beyond the ulcerated areas. 
Finally, a dermo-epidermal graft com 
pletes the procedure. 

Secondary varicose veins that ac 
company the ulcer are treated as essen 
tial varicose veins. Faced with a 
varicose ulcer and varices complicated 
by obstruction of the deep circulation, 
the surgeon has the worst problem to 
solve. The stripping of part of the 
varicose veins may improve the limb. 
In addition, instructions to the patient 
about the importance of decreasing 
stasis and avoiding trauma, even the 
slightest one, may help him to avoid 
complications and minimize his dis 
ability, n 
JANUARY 1967 



Nursing care in 
varicose vein surgery 

Teaching the patient ways to help prevent the recurrence of 
varicosities is an important aspect of care. 



The patient who is to have ligation 
and stripping of varicose veins is 
usually admitted one or two days prior 
to surgery. Preoperative nursing care 
is started immediately. 

Preoperative care 

The patient is allowed out of bed 
only to go to the washroom. She wears 
elastic bandages on her legs at all times 
to prevent blood stasis in the veins. 
The nurse explains and demonstrates 
the correct procedure for applying the 
bandages. 

Two four-inch-wide bandages are 
used for each leg and are applied by 
the patient before rising in the morn 
ing. Prior to this she elevates both 
legs for about four minutes to drain 
blood from the veins by gravity. 

To be useful, the bandages must be 
applied correctly. Wrapping should 
start close to the toes, with three turns 
around the foot and three figure-8 
turns around the ankle. The second 
bandage is then continued up the leg, 
using spiral-reverse turns to provide 
better support and to avoid uncomfort 
able folds. The compression of the 
bandage must be strong over the feet 
but less at the ankles and the calves, 
to avoid edema of the feet and toes. 
The foot of the bed should be raised 
by two or three notches (about eight 
inches). 

Physical preparation also includes 
teaching the patient the various respir 
atory and spirometric exercises that 
she will be required to carry out post- 
operatively. 
JANUARY 1967 



Murielle Rodrigue 

Psychological preparation is as im 
portant as physical. All procedures are 
explained to the patient, and she is 
given an opportunity to express her 
fear of pain and discomfort. In certain 
cases, apprehension may be due to 
fear of the recurrence of the varico 
sities after surgery. The nurse explains 
that the operation is a successful form 
of treatment, and that active treatment 
at this stage will avoid later complica 
tions such as phlebitis, ruptures, vari 
cose dermatitis and ulcers. 

On the evening before surgery the 
pubis and both legs are shaved. Shav 
ing is done carefully, since the skin 
over the varicose veins is very thin and 
fragile. Cuts and scratches could lead 
to infection and thus to postponement 
of the surgery. The risk of infection is 
reduced by applying Betadine soap, 
which contains 0.75 percent of free 
iodine, to the legs. 

The nurse takes this opportunity to 
explain to the patient the dangers of 
using a depilatory cream, especially if 
there is an ulcer. These substances are 
much too irritating for delicate skin 
and may cause a dermatitis to develop. 

Postoperative care 

A cradle is placed on the patient s 
bed to prevent the weight of the bed 
clothes from resting directly on her 
legs. The foot of the bed remains rais- 

Miss Rodrigue is Supervisor and Clinical 
Instructor of Surgical Nursing at the St. 
Vincent de Paul General Hospital School 
of Nursing in Sherbrooke, Quebec. 



ed by 8 inches to aid venous return. 

In addition to routine supervision, 
the nurse closely observes the incisions 
in the region of the groin, knee or 
instep for possible hemorrhage or 
hematomas. If there is bleeding, she 
applies manual pressure over the area 
and notifies the doctor. She also notes 
the color of the skin and any edema of 
the toes. 

Except by order of the physician, 
bandages around the legs are not re 
moved. Only the surgeon or his assis 
tant changes the dressings. 

The patient is encouraged to move 
her toes, ankles, and legs as soon as 
possible after the operation, even if 
this is painful. The nurse remains with 
her as she attempts these exercises for 
the first time, to give her moral sup 
port. She explains that the stitches will 
not give and that the sooner and more 
frequently the patient makes these 
movements, the sooner the pain will 
disappear. Generally the patient is al 
lowed to walk the day after surgery. 

Early ambulation 

The patient may complain of a tug 
ging pain over the groin, caused by 
the dressing and the stitches, when she 
first walks. She is warned not to touch 
the dressings, as there is a risk of 
contaminating the wound. If edema ap 
pears in the limb during ambulation, 
the patient is put back to bed with 
her legs raised on pillows. 

The patient should walk about and 

not remain standing. It is preferable 

for her to get up several times a day 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 




44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



for short periods each time. When she 
is sitting, she should prop her legs on 
a stool. 

Convalescence 

The nurse gives the patient general 
instructions about future care to 
prevent the recurrence of varicosities. 
She advises the patient to continue to 
wear the elastic bandages until the 
doctor suggests that she wear elastic 
stockings. Both stockings and bandages 
should be put on in the morning and 
left on until bedtime. 

The patient is told that she can 
prevent dryness of the skin and scaling 
by applying vaseline or a lanoline-base 
oil; any other medicated ointment 
should be avoided. In addition, she 
should not scratch her legs, because of 
the danger of producing a varicose der 
matitis. 

The nurse explains why the patient 
should avoid wearing stocking sus 
penders or panty girdles which com 
press the veins in the area of the groin 
and the thigh. She warns the patient 
against crossing her legs when sitting, 
and standing for prolonged periods. 
She suggests that the patient should 
raise the foot of her bed at night, and, 
two or three times during the day, 
allow about 20 to 30 minutes of rest 
with legs elevated. 

The patient is told to avoid any 
trauma that might bruise, scratch or 
cut her legs. If her limb is injured in 
any way, she should inform her phy 
sician. 

Patients suffering from varicose 
veins should consult their physician 
regularly two or three times a year, 
especially if they have undergone 
surgery. This enables the surgeon to 
give better follow-up care to his patient 
and to find out if she has really 
followed his instructions. 



The nurse explains and demonstrates 
the correct procedure for applying 
elastic bandages to the legs. 

JANUARY 1967 



Effectiveness of nursing visits 
to primigravida mothers 



On testing the hypotheses that primigravida mothers who had public health 
nursing visits during and at the end of their first four weeks at home would have 
fewer, and less intense, concerns about infant care than mothers who did not 
receive visits, the author reached some surprising conclusions. 



Louise S. Brown, B.Sc.N., M.S.N. 



The purpose of this project was to 
study the effects of public health 
nursing visits on the concerns of the 
young primigravida mother with her 
first baby. Two groups of mothers 
were used: one group had public health 
nursing visits, and the second group 
had no visits by a public health nurse. 
The concerns of the mothers in the 
study were assessed at two time in 
tervals: once during the mother s stay 
in hospital, and again after she had 
been at home with her infant for four 
weeks. 

Need for the study 

The increasing demands for service 
from the other program areas of pub 
lic health nursing have focused atten 
tion on the traditional maternal and 
child health services of the public 
health agencies. Public health nurses 
are faced with the dilemma of con 
tinuing with an established educational 
program or of abandoning it in favor 
of the pressing needs to provide new 
home care programs or rehabilitative 
services. 

Two arguments are most frequently 
used for either changing or maintain- 

Miss Brown, a 1965 CNF Scholar, is a 
lecturer at the University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing, London, Ontario. She 
based this article on a project completed 
in 1965 as partial requirement for her 
M.S.N. degree at Western Reserve Univer 
sity, Cleveland, Ohio. The complete thesis 
has been deposited in the CNA library. 
JANUARY 1967 



ing the nursing service. One is that 
the mother of today receives all the 
help she needs from her family physi 
cian and from the body of knowledge 
she has acquired through her reading 
and general education. The public 
health nurse, therefore, would spend 
her time more profitably by limiting 
her visits to those families who either 
have requested her visits or who have 
obvious health needs. This means 
that routine visits to all postpartum 
mothers should be eliminated and 
only visits on a priority basis be under 
taken by the public health nurse. 

The other point of view is that the 
maternal and child health program is 
the basis of a public health nursing 
service, and through it many beginning 
health problems are discovered. It is 
in this early mother-child relationship 
that the foundations are laid for the 
child s future development and health. 1 
The public health nurse is most help 
ful by providing assistance to the 
mother in understanding her child s 
growth and development and her new 
role as a mother. To do this effective 
ly, she needs to visit the homes of all 
new parents to assess how she can 
help these expanding families. While 
assisting the young parent, the public 
health nurse also achieves two of the 
basis tenets of a public health service: 
the promotion of health, and the pre 
vention of disease. 

The Expert Committee of the World 
Health Organization states that a pro 
gram of health services will be effective 



if it is built on the needs of the people 
served. 2 The public health nursing 
programs must meet the same cri 
terion. Research is needed to determine 
the needs of the mother and the effect 
of public health nursing visits on these 
needs. Until this kind of information 
is available, there is no scientific evi 
dence to support either of the two 
previously stated points of view, that 
is, to limit or to expand the public 
health nursing program in maternal 
and child health. 

The investigator developed the fol 
lowing research design to discover the 
concerns of the new mother and the 
effect of public health nursing visits 
on her concerns. 

Review of the literature 

No literature is available on the ef 
fectiveness of public health nursing vis 
its to the primigravida mother. There 
are, in fact, only a few studies 3 * 5 8> 7 
that discuss the public health nursing 
programs in the area of the mother 
and her infant.* These studies have 
assessed the existing services in ma 
ternal and child health at prenatal 
classes child health centers, and in 
home visits. Of the studies, only those 

* Since this study was completed, another 
study by Dr. H. Carpenter has been publish 
ed: The Need for Assistance of Mothers 
with Their First Babies During the Three- 
Month Period Following the Baby s Birth. 
Toronto, Univ. of Toronto, School of Nurs 
ing, Alumni Assoc., 1965. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



done by Hunter and Carpenter 4 :t 
focus upon the help the public health 
nurse provides in her home visits to 
the mother with her newborn infant. 
A study done by Adams, 8 while not 
discusing the role of the public health 
nurse, explores in detail the "early 
concerns" of the primigravida mother 
about the care of her infant during 
the first four weeks at home. 

Hunter s study analyzes the routine 
visits made by public health nurses in 
a large city to all newborn infants. 
The method of study is to ask the 
public health nurse to complete a 
questionnaire following each of 10 
visits to a mother and her newborn 
infant. The result is an interpreta 
tion of the value of the service by 
the participating public health nurses. 
Eighty-one percent of the nursing visits 
are judged to be valuable. The study 
concludes that the service is meeting 
a need but that the need has changed. 
The physical needs of the infant have 
become less of a problem to the mother 
since, in most cases, the mother is 
able to handle this herself. The new 
needs are reported to be: the mother s 
feeling toward her baby, her own 
problems, and problems in family 
dynamics. 4 

Carpenter s study is an analysis of 
home visits by the public health nurse 
to mothers of newborn infants resid 
ing within the area of a health unit. 
The home visits are analyzed through 
the use of tape recorders and ob 
servers. It is found that of the 38 
mothers of first children, 20 asked 
the nurses about the normal growth 
and development of their children. 3 
What these questions are, and how 
the public health nurse assisted the 
mothers in finding the answers is not 
reported.** Because of the anxiety 
expressed to the nurses and the reports 
made by the observers, Carpenter re 
commends in her study that the mother 
with her first baby should be given 
priority upon public health nursing 
time. She recommends, also, that to 
be most useful, this service should be 
available as soon as possible after the 
mother s return home from hospital. 3 

The third study by Adams is an 
exploratory one to determine: 1. the 
concerns of the primigravida mother 
in caring for her infant; 2. how these 
change over a period of time; and, 
3. whether or not they are related to 
the infant s birthweight. The samples 
used are 20 primigravida mothers of 

** Carpenter s second study of the need 
for assistance of mothers with first babies 
identifies many concerns about infant care. 
Most of these concerns are used by this 
investigator in developing the tool for as 
sessing the effects of public health nursing. 
46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



infants of normal birthweight and 20 
primigravida mothers of infants of 
premature birthweight. The 40 mothers 
are interviewed at three time periods 
throughout the first month of infant 
care, once in the hospital and twice 
at home. Five areas of worries are 
described: feeding, bathing, crying, 
care of the navel, and/or circumcision, 
and other. Feeding is the major con 
cern for all mothers throughout the 
month. "Other concerns" rank second, 
and crying is third. Birthweight does 
not influence the results of the study. N 

Ft is further stated that the early 
days of care in the hospital and at 
home may be times of "special needs" 
for new mothers. Mothers of infants 
of premature weight in the study rely 
on nurses in helping to care for their 
newborn infants. Mothers of children 
of normal birthweight use their family 
and friends to help them. It is not 
reported whether or not public health 
nursing visits were made to all the 
mothers in the study. A recommenda 
tion made in this study is that a nurse 
working closely with the physician 
could answer the mother s questions 
and convey information to him about 
the mother s progress in caring for 
her infant. 8 

In summary, the studies by Hunter 
and Carpenter approach the public 
health nursing services through the 
public health nurse. No attempt is 
made to ascertain from the mother 
what her concerns are in regard to 
infant care.j The study by Adams, 
on the other hand, concentrates on the 
mother s concerns, but there is no evi 
dence that the effect of the public 
health nurse is considered. 

Because of the lack of literature 
about the effect of public health nurs 
ing visits on the fears of mothers in 
caring for their infants, the following 
research project was developed to 
examine it. The design combines the 
studies done by the aforementioned 
investigators, the effects of the public 
health nursing service, and the con 
cerns of the mother about infant care. 

The primigravida mother is begin 
ning her experience as a mother and 
will not have learned to adjust to the 
problems of child care, while the 
mother with other children has learned 
how to care for infants and has an 
established pattern of child-rearing 
methods. The primigravida mother has 
many problems associated with infant 
care as demonstrated by Adams study. 
She seems to want help as indicated 
bv Hunter and Carpenter. The mother 
with her first-born child was selected 

| In the second study by Carpenter, infor 
mation is obtained from the mothers to as 
certain their needs. 



for this project because of the above 
observations. The study by Adams 
was of considerable value in defining 
terms and in the construction of the 
instrument used in this study. 

Hypotheses tested 

For the purpose of this study, the 
following hypotheses were tested: 

1. Primigravida mothers who have 
public health nursing visits will have 
significantly fewer concerns about the 
care of their infants than mothers 
who do not have public health nurs 
ing visits during the first four weeks 
they are at home with their infants. 

2. Primigravida mothers who have 
public health nursing visits will have 
a significantly greater reduction in the 
intensity of the concerns that still re 
main at the end of the four weeks at 
home than those mothers who do not 
have public health nursing visits. 

Terminology 

Primigravida mother as used in this 
study is a woman who has given birth 
to her first child and who has never 
lost a previous pregnancy. 

A concern is any aspect of infant 
care that worries a new mother. 

Intensity of concern is the degree 
of the concern as judged by the mother 
on a scale ranging from no concern to 
extremely concerned. 

Newborn infant is any infant born 
to the mothers in the sample who are 
of normal birthweight and are without 
any physical defects. 

Public health nursing visits are visits 
made by a nurse employed by a volun 
tary or an official health agency to 
the primigravida mother in her home. 

Methodology 

The mothers in this study were 
drawn from the regular admissions to 
the maternity wards of primigravida 
mothers after their delivery. Their se 
lections was made according to the fol 
lowing criteria: 

1. The mother is 20 to 29 years 
of age inclusive. 

2. The pregnancy is without recog 
nized complications. 

3. The mother does not have an as 
sociated illness and is well and able 
to care for her infant. 

4. The mother has delivered a normal 
infant of normal birthweight and with 
no physical defects. 

5. The mother and her child are 
under the care and supervision of a 
family physician. 

6. The mother is married and living 
with her husband. 

7. The husband is currently employed 
or has a means of income not con 
sidered to be welfare. 

Two hospitals were used in the 
JANUARY 1967 



I 




JANUARY 1967 



study and the first 20 mothers who 
met the criteria from each hospital 
were designated as Group A and 
Group B respectively. Group A moth 
ers had visits from a public health 
nurse and Group B mothers did not 
have public health nursing visits. 

The sample mothers were contacted 
twice: on the third or fouth day post- 
partum in hospital, and after they had 
been at home caring for their infants 
for four weeks. At both of these times 
the mother was asked to complete the 
same questionnaire about infant care. 
In hospital the mothers were contacted 
personally by the investigator. The 
second contact was made by mail. 

The instrument used in the study 
was a questionnaire developed by the 
investigator from her personal exper 
iences as a public health nurse and 
from writings on child care, especially 
the article by Adams. 8 It attempted 
to assess the level and intensity of the 
mother s concerns about infant care in 
the following broad areas: bathing, 
crying, feeding, elimination, routine 
care, and sleeping. Three of these 
areas, feeding, crying, and bathing, 
were found by Adams to be problems 
for the mothers. 

The mothers were also asked to 
rank the six areas of infant care in 
order of their importance to them and, 
after four weeks, to indicate the three 
most helpful persons to them during 
the past four weeks, and the number 
of physician contacts they had made. 
Identifying data about the mothers 
were taken as well as some indication 
of their knowledge and experience in 
child care. 

The chi-square test was used to 
support or reject hypothesis one. The 
test for hypothesis two was the Mann- 
Whitney U-test. Any differences oc 
curring beyond the 5 percent level of 
chance were considered significant in 
applying these tests. 

The findings 

Forty primigravida mothers were in 
the sample and all 40 mothers return 
ed the first questionnaire. All but one 
returned the second questionnaire. 
This mother was in the group with 
public health nursing visits. 

The tests revealed that for this study 
the two groups of mothers could be 
considered to be from the same popu 
lation except for the level of educa 
tion and the number of mothers who 
worked following their marriages. The 
non-service group of mothers had a 
higher educational level, worked less 
frequently following their marriages, 
and tended to have more help at home 
with their infants. The control group 
of mothers lived in a geographically 
different community from the mothers 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



with public health nursing service. No 
attempt was made to assess the socio- 
economic levels of the parents. The 
mothers in Group B probably had 
an advantage here as well, since educa 
tion is one indicator of this status. 

Hypothesis One 

In general, sample A mothers in 
dicated more concerns at time one in 
all areas of infant care except crying. 
This group had more "not stated" re 
sponses than Group B. At time two, 
the same trends continued with one 
exception. The test mothers also re 
ported fewer concerns than the control 
group about feeding their infants. 

Bathing: Both groups showed a re 
duced number of concerns about bath 
ing their infants from time one to time 
two. Although these results were great 
er for the mothers with nursing care, 
the difference was not significant and 
hypothesis one was not supported. 

Crying: The number of concerns 
about the crying of the infants was 
significantly reduced for each group 
after four weeks. The results, how 
ever, did not indicate a significant 
enough difference between the two 
groups to support hypothesis one for 
crying. 

Feeding: At time one, the mothers 
in sample A had significantly more 
concerns about the feeding of their 
infants. At time two, there was a sig 
nificant reduction in the concerns of 
the primigravidas with nursing care, 
while the mothers without this help 
did not achieve this. Hypothesis one 
was supported for feeding. 

Elimination: No real difference was 
indicated for either group of mothers 
after four weeks of caring for their 
children. Hypothesis one was not sup 
ported for the primigravida mother s 
concern about her infant s elimination. 

Routine care: Although each group 
of mothers was able to reduce her 
concerns about the routines of infant 
care significantly from the time in 
hospital, the difference between the 
groups after four weeks was not ade 
quate to support the hypothesis. 

Sleeping: The control mothers show 
ed significantly fewer concerns about 
the sleeping habits of their infants 
than the mothers with nursing care 
at both times. The change in the num 
ber of concerns from time one to time 
two, however, was not significant 
enough between the groups to support 
the hypothesis. 

Hypothesis Two 

In general, at time one in hospital, 
the scores of the intensity of the con 
cerns about all areas of infant care 
were higher for those primigravidas 
who had public health nursing visits. 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



At time two, the total scores for each 
concern was reduced except for sam 
ple B in the area of sleeping. This 
score was elevated at time two. 

Bathing: Both groups of mothers 
showed a reduction in the intensity of 
their concerns in this area to well 
below the level of chance over the 
four- week period. The difference be 
tween the groups, however, was not 
sufficient to support hypothesis two 
for bathing. 

Crying: After four weeks at home, 
the mothers in sample A had not 
shown a significant reduction in the 
intensity of their concerns over their 
infants crying. This, however, did not 
hold for the mothers without nursing 
care. The results obtained were very 
significant and in the opposite direc 
tion to that proposed by the researcher. 
Feeding: The in- hospital data col 
lected from the mothers were signifi 
cant for the mothers in the test group. 
These mothers had a much higher 
intensity score about the feeding of 
their infants. After four weeks they 
were able to reduce this score to a 
level of probability of less than .005. 
Group B, on the other hand, had no 
significant change in either direction. 
Hypothesis number two was accepted. 
Elimination, routine care, and sleep 
ing: The null hypothesis was accepted 
for these three areas. No statistically 
significant data were obtained and 
hypothesis two was -not supported. 
Public health nursing visits made no 
appreciable difference in the intensity 
of the mothers concerns about the 
elimination, routine care, or the sleep 
ing of their infants. 

For both groups of mothers at the 
two times, crying ranked first and 
feeding second. There was some shift 
ing of the other four areas at the two 
times tested, and the differences ob 
tained are questionable as to prefer 
ence over another concern. 

A difference also appears in com 
paring the ranks of the mothers in this 
study with areas of concern as found 
by Adams. 8 The sample as a whole 
placed crying first and feeding second. 
In Adams study, the reverse was 
found. Primigravida mothers with and 
without nursing service listed their 
husbands first and their mothers sec 
ond in terms of helpfulness to them 
over the four-week period. The third 
most helpful person for group A moth 
ers was the public health nurse. She 
was ranked first by three of eight pri 
migravidas in the sample. 

In all cases, it was the mother who 
was visited by the nurse from the 
voluntary agency who indicated the 
nurse as helpful. In one unsolicited 
response, however, a mother who was 
visited by a nurse from the official 



agency wrote in the following state 
ment at the end of a lengthy note 
about her infant s crying: "I found that 
if for nothing else it helps to talk with 
the public health nurse because it reas 
sures you and you can ask about small 
worries without having to disturb your 
doctor." 

In third place for Group B mothers 
was a variety of other family mem 
bers. The physician was placed fifth 
by both groups. 

The number of physician contacts 
also varied for each group. The moth 
ers with nursing visits had an average 
of 2.5 physician visits, while the 
mothers without nursing had an aver 
age of 2.0 visits. 

Two mothers from sample A and 
three mothers from sample B had no 
contact with their physicians during 
the period of the study. The maximum 
number was five contacts made by 
two primigravida mothers in Group A. 
One mother in Group B had as many 
as 10 contacts with her physician dur 
ing the study period. 

Discussion and conclusion 

The long term purpose of this study 
was to find objective evidence to use 
in the following controversy in public 
health nursing programs: the contin 
uance of a maternal and child health 
program as opposed to the curtailment 
of this service in favor of newer pro 
grams in other areas. The literature 
available to the investigator was limit 
ed and none of the reports attempted 
to compare two groups of primigravida 
mothers one with nursing care and 
one without - - to clarify the effects 
of public health nursing services. The 
results of the present study do not 
strongly support either of the two 
arguments. In spite of limitations in 
its sampling, the data do point out 
pertinent directions for further study 
of the controversy. 

The major findings of this study 
were: The public health nurses had a 
positive effect upon both the number 
and intensity of the primigravida moth 
er s concerns about the feeding of her 
infant. A second major finding was in 
the opposite direction than predicted 
by the investigator. Although no differ 
ence was found with the group of moth 
ers who had public health nursing care 
for numbers of concerns about crying, 
the primigravida mothers who did not 
have visiting nurses had a greater re 
duction in the intensity of their con 
cerns about their infant s crying. 

In comparing the changes that oc 
curred within each group over the 
four weeks for the total sample, there 
was no reduction made in either the 
number or the intensity of concerns 
about the infant s sleeping. Bathing 
JANUARY 1967 



concerns were reduced both in num 
ber and intensity for all primigravidas. 
No reduction in the intensity of the 
concerns for elimination and feeding 
was evident, although the numbers of 
these concerns were reduced for all 
primigravidas over the four weeks. 

The findings relating to feeding and 
crying suggest that the effects of pub 
lic health nursing visits require further 
study. Why do mothers without nurs 
ing care have reduced intensity of con 
cerns about crying? Why does the pub 
lic health nurse produce improvement 
in the mother s concerns only in the 
area of feeding? Answers may be with 
the quality of an instrument to assess 
these areas accurately and it may also 
be in the quality of the nursing service 
given. Such questions could be answer 
ed by further study using three groups 
of mothers: one without public health 
nursing, one with the usual public 
health nursing, and a third group of 
mothers given excellence in nursing 
care by a select group of nurses with 
controlled supervision. 

Another factor that influences the 
number and intensity of concerns lies 
with the mothers and cannot be con 
trolled. The mother, in hospital before 
she has had any experience with her 
own infant, seems unable to assess ac 
curately what areas will be of concern 
to her and how much of a concern. 
Some areas that are not problems in 
hospital become major problems as 
the child grows. Other concerns disap 
pear completely as the new mother 
benefits from her experience. All the 
mothers in the sample ranked crying 
as number one and feeding as number 
two while in hospital, and later after 
four weeks. Adams also found crying 
of major importance but it was second 
to feeding. 8 In that study, however, 
no public health nursing services were 
available and half of the mothers gave 
birth to premature children. 

The results in the present study are 
ambiguous. Feeding was positively im 
proved for the mothers with nursing 
service. Still, these mothers ranked 
feeding second as did the non-service 
mothers. Crying was reduced in in 
tensity for non-service mothers, yet 
they continued to rank it first as did 
the mothers with nursing service. The 
limitation in the study s sampling ap 
pears to have some influence on this. 
A possible cultural variation in what 
is seen as a concern appeared between 
the two groups before the mothers had 
any experience with their children. 
Some of the non-service group of 
mothers also had "extended visits" 
with their infants in hospital plus ad 
ditional help in the home, which may 
have influenced their interpretation 
and intensity of concerns. 

JANUARY 1967 



A very important finding in this 
study results from the ranking of in 
dividuals in terms of "helpfulness." 
There is, in fact, a need to clarify this 
whole area. Mothers in the entire sam 
ple ranked their husbands first and 
their mothers second in helpfulness. 
Those mothers with public health nurs 
ing services ranked the nurse third, 
while the non-public health nursing 
group ranked other family members 
third. The question of how a mother 
views help is not answered in this 
study. It is observed, however, that the 
primigravida s husband and mother are 
with her throughout the 24-hour pe 
riod, and undoubtedly give assistance 
in the care of the baby and home. 

Physician services were used differ 
ently by the two groups. The mothers 
with public health nursing care con 
tacted their physicians more often and 
only two in the group were in touch 
with him as many as five times. On 
the other hand, those primigravida 
mothers without service reported con 
tacting their physicians less often. One 
mother, however, stated that she con 
tacted her physician 10 times in the 
four weeks. The investigator believes 
that the mothers with nursing care 
used their physician services more 
wisely than the mothers without care. 
Before this conclusion can be made, 
however, further study of this whole 
area of "helpfulness" and what per 
sons are "helpful" is needed. 

As stated previously, more work is 
needed to improve the sensitivity of 
the study s instrument and its ability 
to discriminate differences. The weight 
assigned by the mother was not ac 
curately assessed. One mother ranked 
feeding first, but in ranking the scores 
for her, crying was first and feeding 
further down the list. In reviewing her 
responses, it is observed that she had 
fewer concerns about feeding and that 
only one of these did she rate high in 
intensity. This aspect concerned the 
amount of breast milk the baby should 
get. Clearly, the mother ranked this 
above all others. Before using this ins 
trument in further studies, all non-dis 
criminating items need to be removed. 

Summary 

The results of this study clearly 
point to a revision of the instrument 
and further study of the concerns of 
primigravida mothers. The addition of 
a third group of mothers who receive 
skilled public health nursing care 
under controlled supervision, plus the 
opportunity of rooming-in with their 
infants in hospital, is also indicated. 
An additional study is the whole area 
of "helpfulness"; how a mother in 
terprets help; whom she sees as help 
ful persons; and what they contribute. 



References 

1. Morris, Marian G. The claiming-identi- 
fication processes -- their meaning for 
mother-child mental health. Amer. J. 
Orthopsychiat. 25: 303-4, 1965. 

2. World Health Organization. Expert Com 
mittee on Nursing. Technical Report 
Series, no. 167. Geneva, 1959. 

3. Carpenter, H. et al. An Analysis of Home 
Visits to Newborn Infants. Toronto, East 
York Leaside Health Unit, 1960. 

4. Hunter, T. et al. Routine home visits to 
newborn infants by public health nurses. 
Canad. J. Public Health 53: 371-376, 
1962. 

5. Mann, D. et al. Educating Expectant 
Parents. New York, V.N.A. of New 
York, 1961. 

6. Martin, O.K. and Ladd, K.B. Maternal 
and child services, Ontario, 1958. Canad. 
J. Public Health 51: 111-119, 1960. 

7. Shyne, A.W. et al. Serving the Maternity 
Patient Through Family-Centered Public 
Health Nursing. New York, Community 
Service Society of New York, 1962. 

8. Adams, Martha. Early concerns of pri 
migravida mothers regarding infant care 
activities. Nurs. Res. 12: 72-77, 1963. 

9. Seigel, S. Nonparametric Statistics For 
the Behavioral Sciences. New York, 
McGraw-Hill, 1956. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Project bed rest 



Six enterprising students at the Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing 
conceived, designed and launched a unique plan to make nursing care for the 
medical patient more consistent. 



L. Dahl, M. Smith, B. Fowle, J. Hutchison, R. Graham, and D. Black 



"Project Bed Rest" originated in 
June 1965 during discussion periods 
in our medical nursing clinics. As in 
termediate students we were concerned 
about the how, when, what, and why 
of health teaching. We agreed that 
when teaching medical patients our 
emphasis should be on both rest and 
activity. 

First of all we considered the mean 
ing of "rest" and other terms used to 
describe rest and activity for patients. 
As each of us interpreted "complete 
bed rest" and "bed rest," we realized 
that there was considerable difference 
of opinion regarding what instruction 
should be given to patients. If a similar 
confusion of terms existed in the minds 
of doctors, nurses, auxiliary workers, 
and patients, how inconsistent the nurs 
ing care must be! 

We decided that if guide lines for 
teaching medical patients could be es 
tablished, this problem might be solv 
ed. With the help of two of our medical 
nursing instructors, we drew up a plan 
to study the whole subject of rest, to 
define the terms "complete bed rest" 
and "bed rest," and to gain approval 
of the appropriate groups in the hos 
pital. Thus, project bed rest was 
launched with an overall objective to 
provide more consistent nursing care 
for medical patients. 

The first task was to clarify the 
purposes of the project. These were: 

1. To provide consistent care re 
garding rest and activity throughout the 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



patient s period of hospitalization. 

2. To help the patient understand 
his program of care, participate in it 
and see his progress. 

3. To improve communication 
among doctors, nurses, other staff, pa 
tients, and patients relatives. 

4. To aid in the orientation of nurs 
ing students, new graduates, and other 
staff. 

5. To aid in the teaching of new 
nursing students in the nursing arts 
program. 

The second step in the project was to 
define and clarify the terms relating to 
rest and activity, namely: 1 . complete 
bed rest; 2. bed rest; and 3. progres 
sive activity. 

Steps to obtain approval 

To obtain approval for the accept 
ance and implementation of project 
bed rest, many steps were involved. At 
each level of approval the purposes 
and specific definitions of the project 
were presented in detail. We empha 
sized that staff would not be expected 
to adhere rigidly to the definitions but, 
rather, that each section could serve as 
a guide for all personnel on the health 
team. Alterations as specified by the 
doctor might be required for individual 
patients. 

Since the project was initiated by 
nursing students, the first step was to 
gain the approval of the faculty of 
the school of nursing. The plan for 
rest and activity was presented at a 



faculty meeting. With some minor re 
visions, it was unanimously and en 
thusiastically endorsed. The faculty 
suggested that the plan be utilized in 
all clinical areas of the hospital. 

Next, the revised plan was presented 
to the director of nursing service, 
supervisors, and head nurses at a staff 
meeting. Also present at this meeting 
was a consultant cardiologist who had 
expressed interest in project bed rest 
and had offered helpful suggestions, 
especially in defining progressive acti 
vity. Again, the plan was readily ac 
cepted and approved for all clinical 
areas. 

Having received support from the 
faculty and all nursing service person 
nel, we next sought the approval of the 
hospital administrator. He reviewed 
the plan several times and made some 
very helpful suggestions. 

The final step was to present the 
plan to the medical advisory com 
mittee. The administrator explained the 
proposed plan to the committee, and 
its members gave us enthusiastic sup 
port and approval. 

Implementation 

Project bed rest was now ready 
to be implemented. The responsibility 
for making the plan operational was 
accepted by a nursing service commit 
tee under the chairmanship of a head 
nurse. The written material was dis 
tributed to all nursing units and to 
staff doctors. Individual copies of the 
JANUARY 1967 




particular phase or phases of rest 
ordered were given to patients with 
verbal explanations. All groups con 
cerned with the project recognized that 
the guide lines would have to be inter 
preted to new staff, as well as to in 
coming patients, if project bed rest 
were to be successful. D 



Complete Bed Rest 

1. To stay in bed at all times. 

2. a. To be fed. 

b. To restrict movements. 

3. To be bathed every second day or p.r.n. (minimal 
linen change) 

To have total mouth care after meals. 

To have hair shampoo once per week, if ordered, in 

bed. 

4. To be shaved. 

To have cosmetics applied, if desired. 

5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3, and 4 
above. 

6. To be turned q.2h. as tolerated, and raised up in bed 
by staff (lifting sheet required, e.g., sheepskin). 

7. To have passive movements b.i.d. to all joints for 5 
minutes and deep breathing exercises q.lh. (10-12 deep 
breaths). Should wiggle toes, fingers, feet, wrists, q. Ih. 

8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (5 min.), 
one at a time. 

9. To use bedpan (slipper pan); should be assisted by two 
people. Males to use urinaj in bed. 

10. a. To have reading material propped, 
b. To operate radio. 

11. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times. 

12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse. 



Bed Rest 

1 . To stay in bed at all times, except for use of commode 
chair. 

2. To feed self; food must be set up, e.g., meat cut, bread 
buttered, etc. 

3. To be bathed, but may wash face, hands and finish 
bath. 

To remain in bed while linen is changed. 
To give self total mouth care after meals. 
To have shampoo weekly, if ordered, in bed. 

4. To shave self. 

To apply own cosmetics. 

5. To have half-hour rest periods between 2, 3, and 4 
above. 

6. To turn self by rolling from side to side like a log; 
must be assisted when raising up in bed. 

7. To initiate active movements b.i.d. to all joints, for 5- 
minute periods. 

To take deep breathing exercises qlh. 

8. To have visitors restricted to immediate family (15 
min.). 

9 To be lifted into commode chair at bedside for bowel 
movements. 

10. a. To hold books, etc. 

b. To operate radio nd T.V. 

11. To have a "call" light within easy reach at all times. 

12. To be checked at regular intervals by the nurse. 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



Progressive Activity 



Day Bath every 2 days 
or p.r.n. 



Elimination 



Sitting 



Walking 



1 With help. Legs, feet, and 
back to be done by nurse 

2 With help 



3 With help 



4 With help 

5 With help 

6 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 

7 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 

8 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 



9 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 

10 May bathe self in bed. 
Shampoo if ordered. 

1 1 Wash self in bath-room. 



12 Wash self in bath-room. 



Commode at bedside for BM s 

(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 

Commode at bedside for BM s 

(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 

Commode at bedside for BM s 

(lifted). 
Use bedpan, urinal for voiding. 

Commode in BR for BM s, use 
bedpan or urinal for voiding. 

Commode in BR for BM s, use 
bedpan or urinal for voiding. 

Commode in BR for everything. 
Commode in BR for everything. 

May walk to bathroom once 

daily. 
Commode in bathroom other 

times. 

May walk to bathroom twice 

daily. 
Commode other times. 

May walk bathroom three times 
daily, commode other times. 

See "walking." 



Dangle 5 min. b.i.d. 



5 min., chair at bedside (lifted). 



5 min., b.i.d., chair near bed 
side (self-assisted). 

10 min., b.i.d., chair near bed 
side (self-assisted). 

15 min., b.i.d., chair near bed 
side (self-assisted). 

20 min., b.i.d., chair near bed 
side (see "walking"). 

25 min., b.i.d., chair in room. 



30 min., b.i.d., chair in room. 

35 min., b.i.d., chair in room. 

40 min., b.i.d. 
45 min., b.i.d. 
Increase chair 5 min. daily. 



Nil 



Nil 



Nil 



Nil 



Nil 

2 or 3 steps to chair b.i.d. (as 
sisted). 

5 or 6 steps to chair (assisted). 



Walk to chair b.i.d. and walk 
to bathroom once daily (if 
BR within 10 yards of bed). 

Walk to bathroom twice daily. 



Walk to bathroom three times 
daily. 

Walk to bathroom four times 
daily. 

Increase walk to bathroom once 
daily then walk in corridor and 
up and down stairs as ordered. 



52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



books 



Pediatric Nursing by Audrey J. Kalafatich, 
R.N., M.S.N. 432 pages. New York, 
G.P. Putnam s Sons, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Nell Joiner, assistant 
professor, maternal-child nursing, Me 
morial University of Newfoundland 
School of Nursing, St. John s, Nfld. 

The author states in the preface that her 
aim is to give some insight into the care 
of the "whole child." The format of the 
text follows the usual sequence of delineat 
ing care of the child from birth through 
adolescence according to developmental 
tasks and needs peculiar to specific develop 
mental levels. Throughout the text, brief 
reference is made to common diseases and 
disorders according to age levels, with treat 
ment and nursing care following each condi 
tion. General principles of nursing care are 
outlined but never developed in breadth and 
depth. 

Unit I is extraordinarily brief and 
vague in presenting a frame of reference 
for quality nursing care based on un 
derstanding of the child as a person in a 
given point of time with a specific problem 
and as a member of a family constellation. 
The reference to the importance of relation 
ships and interrelationships in pediatrics 
follows the same generalization. It would 
have been better to omit this entirely rather 
than to confuse the issue with superficiality 
and vagueness. 

Units II through VI deal with the cycle 
of childhood from birth through adoles 
cence. The discussions of treatment and nur 
sing care seem more of a condensed resume 
with sweeping generalizations, rather than 
broad principles upon which to base and 
plan individualized nursing care. I find the 
discussions that are devoted to nursing care 
disappointingly brief and inadequate. An 
example of this brevity appears on page 
218, where the author devotes a three- 
sentence paragraph to the treatment and 
care of the infant with cerebral palsy. 

Another example of brevity appears on 
page 413: "The pre- and postoperative care 
that accompanies the spinal fusion will not 
be given in detail since it is essentially the 
same as for an adult patient with a solid 
fusion of the spine." By a swift stroke of a 
pen, the author moves to something else 
without pointing out the similarities and 
differences. It would seem that she is as 
suming that the student has sufficient prior 
knowledge and experience to make the 
necessary adaptations in planning care for 
the adolescent with a spinal fusion. 
JANUARY 1967 



Some of the information on treatment 
and nursing care is unclear and, consequent 
ly, open to misinterpretation. An example 
of lack of clarity appears on page ISO in 
which the author states that "an elevated 
temperature raises the body s need for oxy 
gen and metabolism." Here she treats an 
adaptive bodily process, metabolism, in the 
same order as the body s need for a life- 
sustaining substance, oxygen. What is she 
trying to convey the body s reaction to 
an elevated temperature, the increased need 
for oxygen to meet the demands of speeded 
up cellular activity, or what ? 

This book falls far short of presenting 
any real insight into the care of the "whole 
child" and does not support the thesis that 
the book is primarily concerned with nur 
sing care. Brevity, sweeping generalizations, 
and vagueness are its chief characterictics 
and weaknesses. It may have some value 
as a handbook for quick, brief references, 
but limited value as the text of choice for 
basic students in professional nursing. 

Fundamentals of Research in Nursing 

by David J. Fox, Ph.D. 285 pages. New 
York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Kathleen A. Dier, as 
sistant professor, School of Nursing, Uni 
versity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 

The stated purpose of this book is to 
prepare the nurse to be an "intelligent, criti 
cal consumer of research." The author ex 
plains that the skills needed to understand 
and use research are different than those 
needed to do research. It is intended to 
help nurses evaluate the research now being 
produced, not only in nursing but in relat 
ed social sciences as well. Dr. Fox is well 
prepared for this assignment as he teaches 
an introductory course in nursing research 
at Columbia University, New York. 

The book is divided into five major areas. 
The author begins by describing a project 
that he conducted, then deals in detail 
with the 17 steps required in the planning 
and implementing of this study. He proposes 
a model that should help identify areas for 
further research in nursing. It is stated that 
nurses have a unique contribution to make, 
providing they concentrate on problems 
related to nursing. However, Dr. Fox is 
also in favor of interdisciplinary research 
where the nurse is a member of the investi 
gating team. 

The second area is mainly devoted to 



statistical procedures that the author believes 
must be comprehended before the principles 
of research can be understood. The rationale 
of statistics is given without any of the com 
plicated formulae. Even though this section 
is clearly written with practical examples 
taken from nursing, some of the concepts 
might be hard to grasp if the reader has 
no previous knowledge of statistical 
methods. The section on sampling is excel 
lent. 

The fourth area deals with the various 
types of research and the methods of 
gathering data. Here, the issue of ethics 
in nursing research is raised and I would 
heartily agree that this is a problem that 
must be faced soon by our profession. 

In the fifth section, the nurse is advised 
how to evaluate the written report. It is 
truly stated that where research is concerned 
nurses have been "a polite, uncritical and 
largely unresponsive audience." Dr. Fox 
urges nurses to make more use of good 
research findings and actively reject those 
that are poor. This is the only way that the 
product will be improved. 

I believe the author has achieved his 
objective by presenting rather complex 
research methodology in a simple, straight 
forward manner. It could be a valuable 
reference for leaders in nursing and students 
in university, since it contains many ideas 
for nursing studies and an excellent reading 
list. Although it is not light reading, I 
would recommend this book to all nurses 
who wish to become intelligent participators 
in the changes now taking place in our pro 
fession. 

Basic Concepts in Anatomy and Physiology 

by Catherine Parker Anthony, R.N., B.A., 
M.S. 132 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Jean Magee, instructor 
of anatomy and physiology, Victoria 
General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

To review this book objectively, I had to 
supplement my knowledge of programmed 
instruction. In so doing, I reversed a rather 
unfavorable first opinion to one of great 
enthusiasm. 

The author has achieved her expressed 

purpose to produce a programmed text that 

would be used as a "supplement and not 

as a substitute for a conventional textbook." 

She states in the preface that "the book 

will have greatest value for students wanting 

to acquire or review basic information or to 

(Continued on page 54) 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



mi 
w 



Tfl 
JL 




says 

life at Mary Fletcher 
Hospital Medical Center 
is all work & no play? 

Uncrowded Vermont is for 
those who like outdoor fun. 
Sailing, swimming* skiing, 
tennis, golf, are only min- 
utes away from Mary Fh;t- 
cher Hospital on the shores 
of lovely Lake ChamprainX 
Combine an exciting carew 
with off-duty recreation andj 
the cultural advantages of] 
an attractive college com-J 
munity. Excellent starting 
salaries, liberal fringe bene 
fits, clinical affiliation with 
Univ. of Vermont College of 
Medicine. MFH serves as the 
primary teaching and refer 
ral center for all of northern 
New England. 
i 

Personnel Office, Dept. 401 

Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about career opportuni 
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 
and send me literature about Vermont 
The Beckoning Country. 

NAME 
ADDRESS 




IN CAPS AND GOWNS 

THE STORY OF 

THE SCHOOL FOR 

GRADUATE NURSES 

McGILL UNIVERSITY 
1920- 1964 

"... provides vignettes of the devoted 
and far-seeing women who toiled to 
develop the School . . . An amazing 
feature of this book is the warm and 
engaging style which emerges . . . A 
handsomely produced volume." 

THE MONTREAL STAR 



Available by mail or in person 

e/e 

SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

3506 University Street 
Montreal, P.Q. 

PRICE: $6.50 per copy 



books 



(Continued from page 53) 

clarify difficult concepts about the human 
body." 

Information in sequence is presented in 
small steps (frames) that require frequent 
responses by the student. Miss Anthony 
chose to use the classical linear form type 
of frame developed by Skinner at Harvard 
University, rather than the branching or 
multiple-choice frame. Early frames in each 
unit set forth simple, easy concepts of the 
subject material. 

If the reader chose only to read the begin 
ning questions in each unit, she would 
probably conclude that the entire book was 
too elementary for students of nursing. 
Questions in the early frames tend to be 
redefinitions of what has been previously 
stated, and a simple glance upward supplies 
the missing word. However, as the frames 
progress, there is also a step-by-step progres 
sion in the complexity of subject matter. 
The reader finds herself actively reading 
and responding to highly complex concepts 
without realizing their complexity. 

In this text, immediate feedback is given 
to the student to inform her whether her 
response is correct. The student need waste 
little time and effort confirming her res 
ponses as the correct answer is found to 
the left of each frame. Thus, if she answers 
correctly, she progresses to the next fact. 
If she does not understand, she can be 
helped immediately. 

In summary, this book will be a chal 
lenge to those who teach anatomy and 
physiology in schools of nursing. It could 
prove helpful as an aid to all students, in 
particular, to those students who have dif 
ficulty grasping principles in this subject. 



SPEND 72 MONTHS IN ENGLAND . . . 

A POST 

REGISTRATION 

COURSE 

leading to the 
OPHTHALMIC NURSING DIPLOMA 

at 
MANCHESTER ROYAL EYE HOSPITAL 

An interesting course at Britain s largest pro 
vincial Eye Hospital, part of the great Teach 
ing Hospital associated with the University of 
Manchester. 

Requirements Reciprocal registration with 
the General Nursing Council for England and 
Wales. 

Salary 57. 10s. Sterling per month 
5 weeks holiday with pay 

Attractive accommodation approx. 19 
Sterling per month 

Write for further details to: Miss N. Mustard, 
B.N. McGill, Matron, Manchester Royal Eye 
Hospital, Manchester 13, England. 



54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Elementary Textbook of Anatomy and Phys 
iology Applied to Nursing by Janet T.E. 
Riddle, R.G.N., R.F.N., O.N.C. 151 
pages. Toronto, MacMillan of Canada, 
1966. 

Reviewed by Sister Frances L. Rooney, 
assistant administrator, Holy Family Hos 
pital, Prince Albert, Sask. 

In spite of the brevity of this text, es 
pecially in the content about physiology, it 
is a very practical presentation, and should 
be of particular value to nursing assistants 
and technicians. Each system is presented 
concisely, and the book concludes with a 
valuable chapter on "Posture Nurse and 
Patient." 

The chapter on the digestive system is 
incomplete, but the chapter on the respir 
atory system is excellent. Accompanying 
illustrations are good. Anyone studying 
anatomy and physiology will find the review 
questions at the end of each chapter very 
practical, especially in reference to an 
atomy. 

This book is, as the author states, "a 
simple overall picture of the human body" 
and as such should be of value to a nurse 
looking for a quick review, or the beginning 
student who requires only very elementary 
knowledge of the subject. 

In Caps and Gowns by Barbara Logan 
Tunis, B.N. 154 pages. 1966. Montreal, 
McGill University Press. 
Reviewed by Miss Margaret E. Ken, Apt. 
1403, 150 -24th Street, West Vancouver, 
B.C., formerly executive director and 
editor of The Canadian Nurse. 

The significance and importance of uni 
versity education for professional nurses has 
been so strongly emphasized over the past 
few years that it is difficult to realize that 
50 years ago, even 40 years, it was practi 
cally an unknown quantity in Canada. Grad 
uates of the past two or three decades 
scarcely can imagine a time when Canadian 
universities, through their Boards of Gover 
nors, flatly refused to recognize the desire 
or the need for any programs for nurses. 
Today, the strong emphasis on advanced 
preparation is a keystone of policy in the 
Canadian Nurses Association. The findings 
of the Royal Commission on Health strength 
en the CNA platform. Why was nursing 
for so long an unwanted stepchild of higher 
education? 

This question and many others of a simi 
lar nature are answered in this history of 
the development of the School for Graduate 
Nurses of McGill University. Out of her 
very thorough research of old records, her 
interviews and correspondence, and her per 
sonal knowledge as a member of the first 
class to receive a B.N. degree from Mc 
Gill, Mrs. Tunis has woven a wondrously 
interesting history that merits the attention 
of today s generation of nurses. 

The close of World War I marked a 

JANUARY 1967 



books 



turning point in medical care. The change 
of emphasis from strictly curative to broad 
ly preventive programs brought with it a 
growing demand for nurses who were quali 
fied to go into the homes, the schools, and 
industries to teach the fundamentals of good 
health. Preparation for these new duties was 
not included in the curricula of many of 
the "training schools" of that day. It seemed 
logical, therefore, that the leaders in nurs 
ing should turn to the traditional sources 
of higher education the universities 
for guidance and assistance in developing 
the essential courses. Unhappily, organized 
nursing had not yet set its own educational 
standards either for admission to schools 
or for Ihe programs of instruction provided. 
Thus, it was inevitable that there should be 
difficulties in persuading universities of the 
validity of the requests for a place to be 
found within the university for nursing 
programs. 

That the original committee of nursing 
leaders in Montreal was able to achieve an 
initial goal by 1920 is a tribute to their 
dogged perseverence. With three different 
certificate courses established, student en 
rollment flourished. Financially, there were 
always problems to maintain the School, so 
the sharp depression of the thirties came as 
a shuddering, almost fatal blow. 

It was then that the active Alumnae As 
sociation, by a herculean effort, with Miss 
E. Frances Upton leading the way, raised 
the necessary funds. 

Throughout her history, Mrs. Tunis has 
given us many intimate biographical sketches 
of the people who have brought the School 
to its present stature. For these alone, In 
Caps and Gowns is worthy of interested 
reading. Through them she has portrayed 
not only their contributions to the School 
for Graduate Nurses but also an insight into 
the development of our own Canadian 
Nurses Association. 

We strongly recommend this history to 
instructors in our schools of nursing, to 
graduate nurses everywhere, and of course 
to those nurses who have been privileged 
to participate in any of the programs of 
study that are provided. 

Annotated Bibliography on Childhood 
Schizophrenia 1955-1964 by James R. 
Tilton, M.S., Marian K. DeMyer, M.D., 
and Lois Hendrickson Loew, M.S. 136 
pages. Toronto, Ryerson, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. EM. Pollard, nursing 
administrator, Sherwood Hospital, Char- 
lottetown, P.E.I. 

The object of the authors has been to 
provide a comprehensive source of reference 
to the English-language writings on child- 
JANUARY 1967 



hood schizophrenia for the period 1955 to 
1964. 

The book is subdivided appropriately into 
seven sections: historical and general review 
articles; descriptions and diagnosis; etiology; 
biochemical, neurological, and physiological 
studies; family characteristics; treatment and 
care; and follow-up studies. In each section 
the annotations of the books and papers are 
concise and clear-cut. 

This bibliography should save many hours 
of searching through library shelves, as the 
books and periodicals listed are readily 
available in the libraries of psychiatric 
units. The objective of the authors has been 
accomplished. 



films 



Pharmacology 

Drugs and the Nervous System is a 

recently-released film showing the effects 
of drugs on organs and body systems. 
Aspirin is used to demonstrate how a drug 
works, but considerable emphasis is placed 
on the abuse or misuse of certain drugs, 
such as stimulants (amphetamines), depres 
sants (barbiturates, opiates), and halluci 
nogens (marijuana, LSD). 

The film is in color and runs for 16 
minutes. Full information can be obtained 
from Churchill Films, Educational Film 
Distributors Ltd., 191 Eglinton Ave. E., 
Toronto 12, Ontario. A rental fee is charged. 

Cardiac arrest 

The Nurse in Emergency Cardiopulmonary 
Resuscitation, a 16 mm., 15 minute, color, 
sound film, was released in fall 1966. It 
shows a hospital patient in acute cardio- 
pulmonary distress and emphasizes the 
nurse s function and responsibilities from 
the initiation of resuscitation through to 
transfer of the patient to the care of the 
physician. 

The film would be especially useful in 
inservice education programs, and for show 
ing in schools of nursing. It is available on 
loan from the Canadian Heart Foundation. 
1130 Bay Street, Toronto 5, Ont. 

Arthritis 

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a new, 30-minute, 
color, sound film designed primarily for the 
physician. However, it contains considerable 
information on aspects of this complex 
disease process that would be of considerable 
interest to student nurses and to graduate 
nurses working with patients suffering from 
these diseases. 

Etiology, diagnostic methods, and recent 
advances in treatment are demonstrated. 
Typical arthritic forms in the adult are 
shown and the development from monar- 
thritis to polyarthritis. 

The film may be borrowed from Film 
Library, Pfizer Company Ltd., 50 Place 
Cremazie, Montreal 11, Quebec. 



Next Month 



in 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



Estrogens 
and the 
menopause 



Care of 

patients 

with 

skin cancer 



Drug addiction 
research, 
treatment, and 
nursing care 



Photo credits 



Dominion-Wide, p. 8. 

Cerebral Palsy Assoc. of 
Quebec, p. 31. 

National Health and Welfare, 
pp. 44, 51. 

Miller Services, Toronto, p. 47. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



WORKSHOPS FOR 
DIRECTORS AND 
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS 



Six regional workshops for directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals 
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through 
the P oblem-Solving Method. 

The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 

Two workshops will be held in the Spring: 
Region City 

Atlantic Halifax 

West Vancouver 



And four in the Fall: 

Reg; on 

Ontario 

Mid-West 

Ontario 

Quebec 



City 
Toronto 
Regina 
London 
Quebec City 



Date 

April 11-14, 1967 
May 2-5, 1967 

Dote 

October 17-20, 1967 
October 24-27, 1967 
November 7-10, 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967 



Exact locations will be announced later. 

The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work 
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 

The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 

Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 

to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 

to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 

to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 

to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 

Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disappointment. 

I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 



Halifax 

Vancouver 

Toronto 



Regina 
London 
Quebec City 



Years in Position 
Number of Beds 



Name 

Title of Position 

Name of Hospital 

City or Town 

Qualifications beyond RN 

I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $ 
payable to the Canadian Nurses Association. 

MAIL TO: 

CANADIAN NURSES 7 ASSOCIATION 

50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



accession list 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
58) and should be addressed to: The Li 
brary, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway. Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Basic concepts in anatomy and phy 
siology by Catherine Parker Anthony. St. 
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 133 p. 

2. Bibliographical procedures and style by 
Blanche Pritchard McCrum and Helen Du- 
denbostel Jones. Washington, Library of 
Congress, 1954. 133 p. 

3. Canadian quotations and phrases, liter 
ary and historical by Robert M. Hamilton. 
Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1952. 
272 p. R 

4. Community colleges in Canada, Na 
tional seminar on The Community College 
in Canada, May 30, 31, June 1, 1966. To 
ronto, Canadian Association for Adult Edu 
cation, 1966. 109 p. 

5. Continuity of patient care: the role of 
nursing by K. Mary Straub and Kitty S. 
Parker. Washington, Catholic University of 
American Press. c!966. 232 p. 

6. The descriptive cataloging of library 
materials, 2d ed. rev., by Shirley L. Hop- 
kinson. San Jose, Calif., Claremont House, 
C1966. 78 p. 

7. Economic consequences of the profes 
sions by D.S. Lees. London, Institute of 
Economic affairs, 1966. 48 p. 

8. Education studies in progress in Can 
adian universities 1965 by the Canadian 
Education Association Research and Infor 
mation Division. Toronto, 1966. 210 p. R 

9. Essentials of chemistry by Gretchen O. 
Luros and Jack C. Towne. Philadelphia, 
Lippincott, c!966. 356 p. 

1 0. The foundations of nursing as con 
ceived, learned, and practiced in profes 
sional nursing by Lillian DeYoung. St. 
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 279 p. 

1 1 . Fundamentals of public health nursing 
by Kathleen M. Leahy and M. Marguerite 
Cobb. New York, McGraw-Hill, c!960. 225 p. 

12. Group psychotherapy in nursing prac 
tice by Shirley W. Armstrong and Sheila 
Rouslin. New York, MacMillan, c!963. 170 p. 

13. Issues in nursing by Bonnie Bullough 
and Vern Bullough. New York, Springer, 
c!966. 278 p. 

14. The leader and the process of change 
by Thomas R. Bennett, New York, Associa 
tion Press, c!962. 63 p. 

15. The life of Florence Nightingale by 
Sarah A. Tooley. New York. MacMillan, 

JANUARY 1967 



accession list 



London, Bousfield, 1905. 344 p. 

16. Maternity care in I he world: interna 
tional survey of midwifery practice and 
training. Report of a Joint Study Group 
of the International Federation of Gynae 
cology and Obstetrics and the International 
Confederation of Midwives. Oxford, Perga- 
mon Press, c!966. 527 p. 

17. No man stands alone by Amy V. Wil 
son. Sidney, B.C., Gray, 1966. c!965. 138 p. 

18. Nurse physician collaboration toward 
improved patient care. Papers from National 
Conference for Professional Nurses and Phy 
sicians, 2d, Denver, Col., Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 
1965, sponsored by The American Medical 
Association and The American Nurses As 
sociation. New York, American Nurses As 
sociation, c!966. 63 p. 

19. Nursing care plans. Study program in 
nursing management by the American Hos 
pital Association, Hospital Research and 
Education Trust. Chicago, American Hos 
pital Association, 1966. 77 p. 

V20. The nursing profession: five sociol 
ogical essays by Fred Davis. New York, 
Wiley, C1966. 203 p. 

21. The nursing service manual of policies 
and working relations 3d ed. prepared by 
St. Francis Hospital, Wichita, Kansas. St. 



Louis, Catholic Hospital Association, 1964. 
Iv. 

22. Opinions tie sept groupcs de pcrsonnes 
en contact avec I etudiantc infirmiere par 
rapport a des comportements generalement 
desirables ou inacceptables par Soeur Jeanne 
Forest. Montreal. 1966. Thesis Ottawa R 

23. Picture sources, 2d ed., by Celestine 
G. Frankenberg. New York, Special Libraries 
Association, c!964 216 p. R 

24. A plan for indexing the periodical 
literature of nursing by Vern M. Pings. New 
York, American Nurses Foundation, c!966. 
202 p. 

25. Processing manual; a pictorial work 
book of catalog cards by Althea Conley 
Herald. Teaneck, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dic 
kinson University Press, 1963. 88 p. 

26. Rehabilitation center planning an ar 
chitectural guide by Cuthbert A. Salmon and 
Christine F. Salmon. University Park. Penn., 
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1959. 
1964 p. 

27. Student nurse wastage by General 
Nursing Council for England and Wales. 
London. 1966. 48 p. 

28. A study of programs in selected 
schools of nursing to determine the liberal 
education content of the curriculum with 
specific reference to learning experiences 
related to nursing of the aged by Frances 
Edith Bell. London. 1966. 175 p. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Western Ontario R 



29. A study of the relationship between 
the prediction of success in a school of 
nursing and clinical performance by Jeanne 
Dolores Zelech. Seattle, 1966. 87 p. Thesis 
(M.N.) Washington. R 

30. Taking the hospital to the patient; 
home care for the small community by John 
R. Griffith. Battle Creek, Mich., W.K. Kel 
logg Foundation, 1966. 55 p. 

31. Teaching and Administration in Nurs 
ing Associate Degree Programs, Second 
Seminar, Purdue University, July 18-30, 
1965. Report. Layfette, Indiana, Purdue 
University, Dept. of Nursing, 1965. 49 p. 

32. Textbook of anatomy and physiology 
for nurses by Diana Clifford Kimber and 
Carolyn E. Gray. 5th ed. rev. New York, 
MacMillan, 1919. 527 p. 

33. Today and tomorrow in western nurs 
ing by Western Interstate Commission for 
Higher Education. Bolder. Col., 1966. 108 p. 

PAMPHLETS 

34. Approved medical-nurse procedures 
by Registered Nurses Association of Nova 
Scotia. Halifax, 1966. 

35. A guide for staff education and staff 
development by the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing 
Service. Toronto, 1966. 6 p. 

36. A guide to interviewing and counsel 
ing for the nurse in industry by the American 
Association of Industrial Nurses. Committee 



for anoredal 
comfort 
that laxtx! 

meet the patient s needs with 

ANUSOL 

Hemorrhoidal Suppositories and Ointment 

SAFE: Anusol contains no 
analgesics or narcotics and will 
not mask the symptoms of serious 
rectal pathology. 



WARN ER -CHI LCOTT 

Laboratories Co. Limited, Toronto, Canada 
Makers of Tedral.Brondecon, Choledyl 



JANUARY 1967 






CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations cafheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



accession list 



on Education. New York, American Asso 
ciation of Industrial Nurses. 1960. p. 21-28. 
(Reprint) R 

37. A guide to the responsibilities and 
qualifications for various positions in nurs 
ing .service by the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing 
Education. Sub-Committee on Basic Degree 
Programs. Toronto, 1966. 2 p. 

38. A guide to the responsibilities and 
qualifications for various positions in nurs 
ing service by the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario. Committee on Nursing 
Service. Toronto, 1966. 8 p. 

39. How to use your library by Harold 
S. Sharp. New York. Consolidated Book 
Service. c!963. 17 p. 

40. Presentation on nursing needs for 
Prince Edward Island. Brief to the execu 
tive council of the Prince Edward Island 
Government by the Association of Nurses of 
Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown, 1966. 
10 p. 

41. A leaching guide to science and cancer 
by Ralph P. Frasier and others for the 
National Science Teachers Association. 
Washington, U.S. Dept. of Health, Educa 
tion and Welfare, Public Health Service, 
1966. 24 p. 



42. Teaching mental health in the basic 
nursing program by the Registered Nurses 
Assocication of Ontario. Committee on Nurs 
ing Education. Toronto, 1966. 10 p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

43. Internal migration in Canada, 1921- 
1961 by Isabel B. Anderson. Ottawa, Eco 
nomic Council of Canada, 1966. 90 p. 

44. Assurance medicale privee el paiement 
par anticipation par Charles H. Berry. Ot 
tawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 255 p. 
(Commission royale d enquete sur les ser 
vices de sante.) 

45. The contribution of education to eco 
nomic growth by Gordon W. Bertram. 
Ottawa, Economic Council of Canada, 1966. 
150 p. 

Saskatchewan 

46. Dept. of Public Health. Ad hoc Com 
mittee on Nursing Education. Report. Re- 
gina, Queen s Printer, 1966. 226 p. 
United States 

47. Bibliographic aspects of medlars by 
Seymour I. Taine. Washington, U.S. Public 
Health Service; Reprint from Bull. Med. Lib. 
Assoc. v. 52, no. 1, Jan. 1964. p. 152-157. 

48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Focus resources 
in school health services. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 20 p. 

49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Health man 



power source book, section 2, Nursing per 
sonnel. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 113 p. 

50. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. How to be a 
nurses aide in a nursing home; instructor s 
manual. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 20 p. 

51. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Occupational 
mental health: an emerging art. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. p. 961-976. 

52. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Public Health 
service film catalog 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print Off., 1966. 99 p. 

53. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Training pro 
grams of the National Institute of Mental 
Health. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 21 p. 

54. Design features affecting asepsis in 
the hospital by Richard P. Gaulin. Rev. 
Washington, U.S. Dept. of Health, Edcation 
and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1966. 
10 p. 

55. National Library of Medicine. Cum 
ulated index medicus, 1965. Washington. 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 4 pts. R 

56. Occupational health nurses: an initial 
survey by Mary Lou Bauer and Mary 
Louise Brown. Washington, U.S. Dept. of 
Health, Education and Welfare, Public 
Health Service, 1966. 146 p. 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the issue of The 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 

Item Author Short title (for identification) 

No. 



Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 

Borrower 



Position 

Address 

Date requested 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 




crements ro $4Hj, recognition gjven tor quoJiricaiions 
and experience. 28 days vacation plus 9 statutory 
holidays. Board and room available in modern 
nurses residence. Medical Insurance and Pension 
Plans available. Apply to: The Matron, or Adminis 
trator, Bow Island General Hospital, Bow Island, 
Alberta. 1-11-2 

Registered Nurses for new 50- bed active treatment 
hospital, situated only 15 miles from Edmonton. 
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for 
previous experience. Excellent personnel policies and 
working conditions. For further information please 
write to; Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of 
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box 
1 270, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. 1 -39-2 




REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 

for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after 1 year employment. 
Hospital located in o town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88-1 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 




NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bossano, Alberta. 1-5-1 

General Duty Nurses (2) for active treatment hospital 
15 beds; 2 Doctors, minimum monthly salary $355 
commensurate with experience. Extra pay for even 
ings and nights. Fare refunded after 2 years satisfac 
tory service. Apply giving experience and references 
to: Matron Administrator, Box 98, Bonnyville, Alberta. 

1-10-3 B 

General Duty Nurses for an active accredited well 
equipped 64-bed hospital in a growing Town, popu 
lation 3,500. Centrally located between major cities. 
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00 
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00 
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent 
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, 
Alberta. 1-13-1 A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES salary range $4,140 to 
$4,980 per annum. 40 hour work week, modern liv- 
ing-in facilities available at moderate rates, if de 
sired. Civil Service holiday, sick leave cmd pension 
benefits. Apply to: Baker Memorial Sanatorium, De 
partment of Public Health, Calgary, Alberta. 1-14-3 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos 
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Salary range $380 to $440. {including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-1B 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 




GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospftol 
located in Alberta s unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I, and generous sick time. 
Apply to; Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A 

General Duty Nurse for modern 50-bed active hos 
pital in Central Alberra, Highway No. 2. Basic salary 
$360 - $420, 40 hour week, pension plans and group 
Blue Cross. Full maintenance $35 available. Apply 
to: Administrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699, 
Ponoka, Alberta. 1-72-3 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTIFIED NURS 
ING AIDES for modern 72-bed hospital. Salary $355 
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal 
policies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad 
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, Al 
berta. 1-45-1 

Op 

act 
Salary 



Operating Room Nurse for new 30-bed hospital, 
ictive in surgery. Four doctors on medical staff. 
Salary commensurate with training and experience. 
Hospital located 20 miles west of Edmonton. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Stony Plain Municipal Hos 
pital, Stony Plain, Alberta. 1-99-1 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurse* (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowl ing. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kpotenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

General Dufy Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent Lake 
Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial salary $387. 
Maintenance $60, 40-hour 5 day week, vacation with 
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses residence, 
Boating, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 

General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

General Duty Nurset for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 




General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia 2- 13-1 

General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. 1966 salaries from $372 




JANUARY 1967 



Graduate Nurses for 31 -bed hospital on B.C. Coast. 
Salary $372 for B.C. Registered Nurses plus $15 
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABC. Travel from Vancouver 
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrator, General 
Hospital, Ocean Falls, British Columbia. 2-49-1 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 

GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
of B.C. II Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus oil winter 
sports. On hour s drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos 
pital and modern nurses residence over looking the 
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr, week and 4 weeks vacation. Write to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



NOVA SCOTIA 



ONTARIO 



Graduate Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 70-bed acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. 
Salary for Graduates in accordance with RNABC 
scale with credit for experience; B.C. Registered 
Practical* $260-$296. Board and room $25/m; 4-wk. 
vacation after 1-yr. Superannuation and medical 
plans. Apply: Director of Nursing, St. George s 
Hospital, Alert Bay, British Columbia. 2-2-1 



MANITOBA 



Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38-bed hospital. 

New nurses residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba. 

3-1-1 



Registered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospital in 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $470 per 
month with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1. 
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months 
service, and return fare refunded after one year 
service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For 
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani 
toba. 3-75-1 

Registered Nurses (1) for 21 -bed modern hospital. 
Duties to commence as soon as possible. Salary min. 
$405 - $490 with fringe benefits. Living-in accom 
modation available. A copy of our personnel policies 
will be mailed on request. Apply to: Mrs. C. James, 
Matron, Gilbert Plains District Hospital, Gilbert 
Plains, Manitoba. 3-25-2 

THE GLENBORO HOSPITAL has a position available 
for one Registered Nurse, effective as soon as pos 
sible. Glenboro Hospital is a 16-bed hospital lo 
cated 100 miles west of Winnipeg on No. 2 High 
way. Excellent residence accommodation available. 
Starting salary January 1st 1967 $395 per month. 
Personnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please f or ward all en 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17 3-28-1 

Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $380 $440, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply; Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

232-bed Children s Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children s Hos 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1 

Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Salary range $380 - $440 per month to be increased 
Jan. 1 , 1 967. Room and board available at $55.50 
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details 
available on request. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3-46-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty for the newly 
built Swan River Hospital. Swan River is a progres 
sive town with excellent shopping and recreational 
facilities. Salary range $360 - $400 with excellent per 
sonnel policies. For full details contact: Mrs. E. R. 
Baud in, Director of Nursing, Swan River Hospital, 
Swan River, Manitoba. 3-62-2 

a 

p 

Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage La 
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1 

Registered Nurses for Genera! Duty in 18-bed hospital. 
Daily bus service to larger centres. Starting salary 
$395 per month. All fringe benefits and residence 
available. Apply: Director of Nursing, Crystal City 
Memorial Hospital, Crystal Ci1y, Manitoba. 3-16-1 



eneral Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos- 
ital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 



NEW BRUNSWICK 



ADMINISTRATOR for Tobique Valley Hospital, Plaster 
Rock, New Brunswick. For further information apply: 
G. D. Gerrish, Secretary, Board of Management. 4-20-1 



NOVA 


SCOTIA 



Cape Breton Highland National Park. This position 
will be available January 1, 1967. Accommodations 
available. APPLY: giving qualifications to Secretary, 
Buchanan Memorial Hospital, Neil s Harbour, Nova 
Scotia. 6-25-1 

Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia, 6-32-1 



ONTARIO 



SUPERINTENDENT for 16-bed hospital, located 

60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Operating Room Supervisor for 70-bed fully accredited 
hospital. Competitive salary, good personnel policies. 
For complete information apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Hospital, Ingersoll, Ontario. 7-60-1 

Co-ordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School 

of Nursing, McMaster University, invites applications 
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968 
session, with duties commencing July 1967. Please 
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references 
ro : Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15 

Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Eng ehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani- 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener 
al Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident 
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tourist 
town off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South 
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1 

Registered Nurses for 35-bed active treatment hospital, 
35 miles north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum 
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per 
sonnel policies including, Medical, O.H.S.C., weekly 
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pension Plan, 
and Group Life Insurance shared by the hospital, plus 
other benefits. Apply to: The Superintendent, The 
Cottage Hospital (Oxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontario. 

REGISTERED NURSES for 18-bed General Hospital in 
Mining and Resort Town of 5,000 people. Beautifully 
located on Wawa Lake, 140 mites north of Soult Ste. 
Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of Summer and Winter 
sports: swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skating, 
curling and bowling. Six churches of different faiths. 
Salary range $375 - $450 per month. Starting salary 
up to $405; salary review at 3, 6, 12 months from 
date of hire, and annually thereafter. Differentia! 
pay for afternoon and night shifts. Bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies. Pleasant working conditions. Apply to: The 
Administrator, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants, 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary. Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week, 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. 1. plans in effect. Accommoda 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Min to 
Hospital, Cochrcne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to o jr 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaco 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic salaries are $371 
and $259, with yearly increments. Write or phone: 
The Director of Nursing, Dryden District General 
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-1 A 

REGISTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-bed hos 



pital with nurses residence. Nurses - minimum salary 
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre 
ments of $10 each. R.N.A. s - $270 plus experience 
allowance, 2 annual increments of $10 each. Reply to: 
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital, 
Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $387 
and $260 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 

Applications are invited from R. N s and R. N. Ass ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 

28- bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $45. 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$400. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1 956). Situated 
in the Nickel Capital of the world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 per mo., with annual merit 
increments, plus annual bonus plan, 40-hr, wk. Recog 
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist 
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario. 7-127-4 



General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tilisonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, Genera! Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (QUALIFIED) For generalized 
Public Health programme. Present sa ary under revi 
sion. Direct enquiries to: Miss Beatrice Whalley, Super 
visor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo Country 
Health Unit, 109 Argle Street, South. PRESTON, ON 
TARIO 10-109-2 

JANUARY 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 



Registered Norses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 






Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 

El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSES 

Applications are invited for this 
position in a 44-bed active Gen 
eral Hospital. Position carries a 
good deal of responsibility in 
cluding nursing personnel, phar 
macy, new projects planning. 
New projects are two new hos 
pitals with centralized services 
and exciting concepts for mod 
ern patient care. Located in Cen 
tral British Columbia, one hour 
west of Prince George in an area 
of noted development, this dis 
trict abounds with lakes and 
forests, good summer and winter 
sports. Excellent salary and staff 
benefits depending on qualifi 
cations and experience. 

Apply to: 
Administrator 

ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 

Vanderhoof, 
British Columbia 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 



Applications are invited for fhe position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing in an 
accredited, modern, 244-bed acute-care 
hospital. Located in the rapidly growing, 
scenic interior of British Columbia, this 
hospital is undergoing progressive ex 
pansion. 

Nursing administrative education and ex 
perience desirable. Salary commensurate 
with qualifications. 

Suite available in staff residence. 



Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary to: 

Director of Nursing 

PRINCE GEORGE REGIONAL 
HOSPITAL 

Prince George, British Columbia 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

With Postgraduate Course in 

Operating Room technique 

and management 

Required for a 375-bed fully 
accredited General Hospital with 
projected reconstruction program. 
Salary based on qualifications 
and experience. 

Fringe benefits include hospital 
and medical coverage, generous 
sick leave, three weeks vacation 
and contributory pension plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

METROPOLITAN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Windsor, Ontario 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 



SASKATCHEWAN 



UNITED STATES 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) For a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty, Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penefanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every 
modern fringe benefit. Full credit for experience. 
Present salary range $5,030 $6,148. Further, we 
are prepared to give consideration to any salary 
request. Apply to: E. G. Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Director 
and M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St., 
Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence January 3rd, 1967. Generalized program 
in on official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 

Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of 
January 1, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital- 
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : 
Miss Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health 
program. Good personnel policies including 4 weeks 
vacation, sick time allowance, unit car or car allow 
ance, shored pension plan, hospitalization, and 
group insurance available. Apply to : Mrs. Muriel 
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit, 
70 Balsam Street South, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 



QUEBEC 



RESIDENT CHILDREN CAMPS IN THE LAURENTIANS, 
REQUIRE: Graduate Nurses for the summer. Apply: 
JEWISH COMMUNITY CAMPS, 6655 Cote des Neiges 
Road, Su ite 260, Montreal 26, Quebec. Phone 
735-3669. 9-47-63A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo 
dation available in nurses residence. Salary schedule 
will be based on the SRNA recommandations. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, 
Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 10-131-1 A 

MATRON for 10-bed hospital at Willow Bunch in 
South Central Saskatchewan. Population 600; bus 
service, modern utilities, recreational facilities, friend 
ly folks. $450 per month; 40 hour week. Room in 
nurses residence and board in hospital supplied at 
low cost. Call or write: R. Granger, Sec.-Treas., 
Willow Bunch Union Hospital, WILLOW BUNCH, 
Saskatchewan. PHONE: 473-2450 {Area Code 306). 

10-138-1 



Registered Nurses wanted for 12-bed hospital. Salaries 
and benefits as per SRNA schedule. Residence accom 
modation on hospital grounds. Daily bus service to 
cities. Apply to: The Matron, Mrs. M. Giles, Coronach 
Union Hospital, Coronach, Saskatchewan. 10-18-1 

REGISTERED NURSE for 9 bed hospital. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Salary according to 
SRNA schedule with allowance for experience. Room 
and board for $34.50 per month. Apply to: Secre 
tary, Hodgevrlle Union Hospital, HodgevMIe, Sas 
katchewan. 10-45-1 



REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Established personnel policies and pension plan. 
Salary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust 
ments to starting salary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of 
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche 
wan. 10-131-1 



Registered Nurse and Certified Nursing Assistant for 

45-bed General Hospital in progressive north central 
Saskatchewan community. Daily bus service to two 
major cities. SRNA policies and salaries in effect 
plus added fringe benefits, ie. group life insurance, 
pension plan, accumulative sick leave to 120 days. 
Board and single rooms available in residence at 
$43.50 per month. Apply to: Mrs. C. Fisher, R.N., 
Acting Director of Nursing, Wadena Union Hospital, 
Wadena, Sask. 10-130-1 

62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Registered Nurses for General Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27-bed hospital. Initial salary $364 per month. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses As 
sociation recommendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Saskatchewan. 10-59-1 




UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses wanted for 78-bed General Hos 
pital, Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per 
sonnel policies. Social activities include ski ing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to : The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann s 
Hospital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801. 

15-2-3 

REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits, 
including temporary accommodations at low cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional 
in-service and orientation programs, unlimited sick 
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave 
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex 
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person 
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 El 
Camina Real, Burlingame, California 697-4061 . 

1 5-5-20 B 

Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES Come to smog-free Orange 
in California. Near beaches and mountains; 35 miles 
from Los Angeles. New, modern 290-bed St. Joseph 
Hospital and adjoining 50-bed Childrens Hospital of 
Orange County. Need staff nurses oil shifts in 
surgical, medical, pediatrics, intensive care unit, 
cardiac care unit, neuropsychiatric unit, operating 
room, emergency room, and recovery room. Excellent 
salary and benefits. Write to: Personnel Director, 
St. Joseph Hospital, Orange, California, for personnel 
policy handbook and details regarding salaries, etc. 

15-5-56 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 

REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 J /2 hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 



with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 

Registered Nurses for 303 -bed modern hospital. Po 
sitions available All services, no shift rotation. 
Liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa 
tional opportunities in area, equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California. 
Phone {JO 7-4400) 15-5-57 

REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 1 5-5-4 C 

Registered Nurses California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 

REGISTERED NURSES GENERAL DUTY SURGERY. 
Will assist with immigration. Come to California and 
live in beautiful Sacramento which is within a 
short drive of the Sierra summer and winter recrea 
tional areas. Two large modern hospitals offer an 
excellent variety of nursing experiences. P.M. Staff 
$555, P.M. Surgery $595. Write: Personnel Depart 
ment, Sutter Hospitals, 2820 "L" Street, Sacramento, 
California. 15-5-43B 

NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed, 
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort area. $461 
per month days and $485 per month evening and 
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro 
chure and policies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene 
ral Hospital, 1701 NF. 127th Street, North Miami, 
Florida. 15-10-2 A 

REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago s 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp 
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 

NURSES, Registered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman s Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 

STAFF NURSES: Needed to staff present fully accredit 
ed hospital and new facility to open December 1967. 
All services and shifts available. Good salaries and 
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from. 
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning 
hospital and community write: L. E. Thompson, Ad 
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto 
Memorial Hospital, Portsmouth, Ohio. 15-36-4 



ALBERTA 



General Duty Nurses and Certified Nursing Aides for 

modern combined active treatment ana Aux N iary 
Hospital. Salary starts at $355 and $240 respectively. 
Liberal personnel policies, accommodation available. 
Located in Southern Alberta close to U. S. boundary 
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The 
61 -bed combined hospital serves the town and area of 
approximately 6,000 population with all services. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipal 
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1 

JANUARY 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




\ 



YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1. Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



; 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES FOR STAFF AND CHARGE. Posi 
tions in an expanding, fully accredited General 
Hospital. Intensive Care, Medical, Surgical, Obste 
trical areas, and In-service Education program. Lo 
cation: Central to beaches, mountains. State Uni 
versity. Good salary, regular increments. Opportunity 
for advancement. Apply: Director, Nursing Service, 
Beverly Hospital, 309 W. Beverly Blvd., Montebello, 
California. 15-5-59A 



Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel pol icies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evenmg and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3B 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



REGISTERED NURSES Positions available for Charge 
Nurses in beautifully equipped new convalescent hos 
pital, specializing in post surgical care. Work every 
other weekend. Contact the Personnel Director, Berkley 
Convalescent Hospital, Id23 Arizona Avenue, Sanfa 
Monica, California 90404. 15-5-40 B 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 




. . . REGISTERED NURSES . . . 

THE 350-BED 

SARNIA GENERAL 



M CD 



F= I 



ASKS 

What Are You Seeking? 




WE OFFER 



the opportunity 

1. to work directly with patients 

2. to participate in group decisions 

3. L.O.A. with financial assistance to further your education 
in nursing 



If you are interested 



. . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General 
Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 
for General Duty 

North Shore of Lake Athabaska 



Modern 30-bed General Hospital, 
located in young active mining 
community. 

Salary: $414 - $529. 
Attractive nurses residence a- 
vailable. Room and board at $45 
monthly. Superior employee ben 
efits. Air transportation paid 
from Edmonton or Prince Albert. 



Please send enquiries to the . 
Director of Nursing 

MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 

Uranium City, 
Saskatchewan. 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 



Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of Nursing. 
This is a unique hospital offering 
rehabilitation and chronic care to 
48 handicapped children who 
present many challenges. Ex 
pansion plans are being studied 
to provide rehabilitation for 18 
to 21 year old adolescents. Pre 
ference will be given to a director 
with preparation and experience 
in nursing administration and 
particular interest in rehabilita 
tion. 



Please address all enquiries to: 
The Administrator 

BLOORVIEW CHILDRENS HOSPITAL 

278 Bloor Street East 
Toronto 5, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLING WOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N, 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 196; 




CANADA S INDIANS AND ESKIMOS 
NEED YOUR HELP 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 

CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 

A CAREER 

WITH 

MEDICAL SERVICES 

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information, write to : 

MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
for the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 

Address enquiries to: 
DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort William, Ontario 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand 
ing hospital. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 




YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

NEWMARKET, ONTARIO 
HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 

patient care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 

and 24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from 

excellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 

Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance, group 

life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



TEACHERS OF NURSING 

By August, 1967 the Royal Victoria Regional School 
of Nursing requires three teachers in medical-surgical 
nursing, two in Operating Room techniques and one 
in psychiatric nursing. 

Teachers qualified with a baccalaureate degree or a 
diploma in nursing education will assist in classroom 
teaching and accompany the students to one of the 
six regional hospitals for clinical experience. 

This is a new programme in an independent school. 
The faculty are eager to develop the best possible 
curriculum. A new building for classrooms will be 
erected in 1967. 

Barrie is fifty miles north of Toronto and noted for its 
summer and winter sport facilities. 

Salaries are at the Toronto level with increments paid 
to experienced teachers. Personnel policies and job 
descriptions will be sent on request. 

Please write to: 
The Director, 

ROYAL VICTORIA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 

61 Wellington Street West, Barrie, Ontario. 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE .... 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

A modern 500-bed hospital located in the heart 
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within 
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton 
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener 
al Staff Nurses. 

Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per 
sonnel policies. 



Apply: 
The Director of Nursing Service 

THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. Catharines, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon. Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 
City 



. State . 



-Zip Code. 




DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



1965 INDEX 

An index of materials appearing 
in Volume 61 of 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 

is now available. 

Write for your copy to 

Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE 

at National Office, 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 

required 

to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 

Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 

and well equiped. 

Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 
Qualifications B.Sc.N. 

or 
Diploma in Nursing Education. 



GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 



Apply to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brantford, Ontario 



MANITOBA ASSOCIATION 
OF REGISTERED NURSES 

Invites applications for the positions of 
REGISTRAR 

Applicants are required to hold a baccalaureate degree in nursing 
with experience in administration, and in interpersonal relations. 
Duties include providing for registration and membership in the 
M.A.R.N. and the maintenance of the official register of member 
of the Association. 
Salary to be Negotiated. 

and 
PERSONNEL OFFICER 

The applicant must have the following qualifications: 

Baccalaureate Degree desirable. Master s Degree preferred. 

Experience in administration and in working with individuals and 

organizations desired. 

Duties include promotion of the economic and social welfare of 

nurses. 

Salary to be Negotiated. 

All Inquiries should be Addressed to: 
Mrs. Helen P. Glass, President, 

MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED NURSES, 

247 Balmoral Street, 
Winnipeg 1, Manitoba. 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen 
tre situated on a growing Uni 
versity campus. All service in 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg 
ery offer opportunities for ad 
vancement. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range $482-3620 

with maximum starting $539 on day shift, 
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit 
given for education and/or experience. 
Opportunity to gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Registration in Texas required. Excellent 
personnel benefits include: 3 weeks vaca 
tion, holidays, cumulative sick leave, 
laundry of uniforms furnished, retirement 
and Social Security programs, Hospitaliza- 
tion, Life and Disability Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 

For application and additional information 
Write to : 

Personnel Manager 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 

TUMOR INSTITUTE 

Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 



RIVERSIDE 

HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 

HEAD NURSE Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

Return to.- pALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

REQUIRED FOR 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

TIMMINS, ONTARIO 

MODERN 200 BED HOSPITAL 

EXCELLENT PERSONNEL POLICIES 

PLEASANT TOWN OF 30,000 

WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER 

AND WINTER SPORTS 

SWIMMING, BOATING, 

FISHING, GOLFING, SKATING, 

CURLING, TOBOGGANING, 

SKIING AND ICE FISHING. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern l,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. Sick leave 12 days after one 
year, Ontario Hospital Insurance 50% 
payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



IANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 




specialization 




education 





recreation 



Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
Hospital in the new $250 million Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in 
Michigan.) 

Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one of the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 

Enjoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic 
Detroit or enjoy the all-year around sports and 
recreation of Michigan. 

Staff nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600 
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening 
and night duty plus very generous fringe benefits. 
Other positions pay even more. For full informa 
tion contact: Director of Nursing. 



GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 

4160 John R. Street. 
Detroit. Michigan 48201 

or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 

18700 Meyers Road. 
Detroit. Michigan 48235 



IANUARY 1967 



ASSISTANT 

ADMINISTRATOR 

(NURSING) 



To assume full responsibility 
for the nursing service functions 
of a 1,000 bed teaching hospital, 
located in a modern medical 
centre, and to coordinate nursing 
education activities with the ser 
vice functions. 

Post Graduate qualifications in 
nursing, hospital management, 
or business administration; and 
administrative experience rela 
ted to the responsibilities of this 
position, are required. 

The salary level will recognize 
the responsibilities of the position 
and the qualifications of the ap 
plicant. 



Director of Nursing 
Service 

Required to assist in the ad 
ministration of the Department 
of Nursing in directing and 
supervising patient care. 

Post Graduate Nursing quali 
fications and experience in 
nursing administration or super 
vision, are desired. 

Attractive salary and benefits. 



Please direct applications to: 

Dr. L. O. BRADLEY, 
Executive Director, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

700 William Avenue, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 

Phone Area #204 774-6511 
Collect 




If you re ready for a change, but 
reluctant to make the move, we 
have an added incentive a free 
airline ticket. Of course, it isn t 
really free you ll have to take a 
position in a modern, progressive, 
expanding hospital and you ll 
have to live in a mild, sunny met 
ropolitan area, rich in educational 
and cultural opportunities. But 
that isn t too much to ask, is it? 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 

"Starting salary to $555 a month 
" 500-bed hospital 
Personal orientation program 
" Liberal fringe benefits 
" Continuing educational programs 
- Career advancement opportunities 
* ! Two universities 
-"Twenty minutes from nearby 
mountain ski area 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-941 1, Ext. 219) 



Mrs. Susan Dicke, Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center, Department B 
Albuquerque. New Mexico 87106 

Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how 
I may fly there at your expense. 



Name 



Address- 
City 



State. 



School of Nursing_ 
Year of Graduation. 



_Month_ 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires the following Faculty 

a) Psychiatric Teacher (One). 

b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement B. Sc. N. 

The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 

hospital. 

Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 
requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education buildinc 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 

for further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIUE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, has 
openings for: 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



for information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

required for 
HEALTH BRANCH 
B. C. Civil Service 

Positions available for qualified Public 
Health Nurses in various centres in British 
Columbia. 

SALARY: $432 - $530 per month; car 
provided. An opportunity for interesting 
and challenging professional service in this 
beautiful and fast-developing Province. 

For further information and application 

forms, apply to: 

The Director, Public Health Nursing, 

Department of Health Services and 

Hospital Insurance, Parliament Buildings, 

VICTORIA, B. C., or to The Chairman, 

B.C. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, 

544 Michigan Street, 

VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 66:281 A 



GRADUATE NURSES 

Eligible for registration in the 
Province of Ontario. 

Various positions available as SUPER 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
advancement in all areas of modern, 
newly expanded 1,000-bed General Hos 
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten 
sive Care, Emergency, Central Supply, 
Medical and Surgical Units. 

Please contact: 

Director of Nursing 

HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

KINGSTON, ONTARIO 

Interesting changes in our physical plant 
are taking place at Kingston General 
Hospital. We invite you to join our 
Nursing Staff and share in providing 
quality care to our patients. We offer 
you a basic orientation and an ongoing 
education programme. Starting salary is 
dependent on Ontario registration, pre 
paration and experience. Kingston is the 
home of Queen s University and the 
Royal Military College and is ideally 
located in the Thousand Islands area, 
as well as close to the Metropolitan 
areas of Montreal, Toronto and New 
York City. 

Apply to: 

MISS S. M. BURKINSHAW, 
Director of Nursing. 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES 

For 75-bed active hospital located 70 
miles East of Saskatoon. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply : 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. ELIZABETH S HOSPITAL 

Humboldt, Saskatchewan 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 



Registered Nurses 

AND 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

For 300-bed Accredited General 
Hospital situated in the pictur 
esque Grand River Valley. 60 
miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital 
providing quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Gait, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

250-bed General Hospital, ex 
panding to 400, located in San 
Francisco, California. Positions on 
all shifts for nurses in Intensive 
Care Unit, Operating Room, and 
General Staff Duty. Salary range 
effective April 1967, $600-$700. 
Health and Life Insurance, Retire 
ment Program all hospital 
paid. Liberal holiday and vaca 
tion benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General 
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho 
pedics, and Plastic Surgery. 

For further information write to: 

Miss Lois Jann, 
Director of Nursing 

FRANKLIN HOSPITAL 

14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California 



THE 

NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 




THE HOSPITAL 

Fully accredited 
Progressive 250 bed hospital 
Planned expansion to 400 beds 
20 minutes to downtown Toronto. 



YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned orientation programme 
Continuing inservice education. 



BENEFITS INCLUDE 

3 weeks vacation 
8 statutory holidays 
Cumulative sick leave 
Group life insurance 

Hospitalization 
40 hour week. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments at reduced rates. 

For information contact: 
Director of Nursing 

NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

2175 Keele St., 
Toronto 15, Ont. 



JANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 1 66-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 
Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 

for full particulars write to: 

Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 

Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

for further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 

OTTAWA, ONTARIO 

This modern 1087-bed teaching hospital 
requires: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

FOR ALL SERVICES INCLUDING 
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY 

Excellent salaries, personnel policies and 
fringe benefits are available. 

Apply in writing to: 

B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A. 
Assistant Director 



ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 

Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
for 

REGISTERED NURSES 



with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 

Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario 

Inservice educational program 
me developed and 
expanding 

Residence accommodation avail 
able at a very mod 
erate rate 

Transportation advanced, if re 
quested 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ont. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

for General Duty 

In modern 20-bed hospital locat 
ed in thriving northwestern On 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi 
mum for three years experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail 
ability, etc. to: 

Employment Supervisor 

MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 

Marathon, Ontario 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
1 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



ANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Staff positions available in acute and 
convalescent unit of large General Hospital 
located in San Francisco Bay Area. Starting 
salary $550 to $605 plus differential. Ex 
cellent benefits. 



Apply: 

SEQUOIA HOSPITAL 

Whipple and Alameda 

Redwood City, California 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

announces 

FACULTY POSITIONS 

available for the following programmes: 

1. A Four- Year Basic Degree Programme 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 

2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg 
istered Nurses. 

3. Expanding graduate programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 

Enquires are invited from qualified person; 
who are interested in University teaching 
opportunities in the School of Nursing of a 
rapidly developing Health Sciences Centre. 

for information write to: 

The Dean, School of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 

WESTERN ONTARIO 

London, Canada 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac 
credited hospital with expansion plans 
under active study. Nursing administrative 
education and experience desirable. 
Salary commensurate with qualifications. 

Apply: 

Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Ormstown,, Quebec 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Positions available in several hospitals 
in East Central Saskatchewan ranging 
from 10-75 beds. Saskatchewan Reg 
istered Nurses Association salary schedule 
and personnel policies in effect. 

For further information apply to: 

Executive Director 

EAST CENTRAL REGIONAL 

HOSPITAL COUNCIL 

Suite 4, Smith Block, 

Yorkton, Saskatchewan 



EVENING OR NIGHT 
SUPERVISOR 

For 701 bed active hospital located 70 
miles East of Saskatoon. Salary com 
mensurate with experience and qualifica 
tions. Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply : 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. ELIZABETH S HOSPITAL 

Humboldt, Saskatchewan 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 
FOR OPERATING ROOM 

required by 

ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing, 
New Westminster, B.C. 

For further information contact 
Director of Nursing 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1967 




GUY S HOSPITAL 
LONDON 

TO REGISTERED NURSES OF 
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS OF NURSING 



If you are visiting Great Britain, why not widen your professional 
experience and consider joining the staff at Guy s Hospital? 
Appointments for six months are offered in all Branches of general 
nursing, in the specialised units, and private patients wing. 
The furnished accommodation is excellent and all modern facilities 
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London. 
Those nurses who are interested and would like further information, 
please write to: 

The Matron, Guy s Hospital, 
London, S.E.I. 

giving details of your nursing training, and subsequent experience. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

BROCKYILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

TEACHERS 

For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 

Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 

Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 

You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 

the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 

Expo 67. 

For further information contact: 

The Director, School of Nursing 

BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brockville, Ontario 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 



IANUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 

NEW DIPLOAAA PROGRAM 
in 

OUTPOST NURSING 

A program extending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remote 
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas 
within the course of study will include : 

Public health nursing 

Complete midwifery 

Basic clinical medicine 
Instruction will be highly individualized. 
1st year To be spent at the University. 
2nd year To consist of an internship 
directed by the University in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have completed at 
least one year of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the program students 
will receive a Diploma in Public Health 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost 
Nursing. 

for further information write to: 

Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 

For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 




DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 



Degree Course in Basic Nursing (B.N.) 
4 years 

A program extending over four calendar 
years leading to the Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered to candidates with a 
Nova Scotia Grade XII standing (or equiv 
alent) and prepares the student for nursing 
practice in hospitals and the community. 
The curriculum includes studies in the 
humanities, nursing and the sciences. 

Degree Course for Registered Nurses 
(B.N.) 3 years 

A program extending over three academic 
years is offered to Registered Nurses who 
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes studies in 
the humanities, sciences and a nursing 
specialty. 

Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses 
1 year 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 196" 



UNITED STATES 



AFF NURSES --- Here is the opportunity to further 
velop your professional skills and knowledge in 
r 1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
licies with premiums for evening and night tours, 
jr nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
Itural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
sition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
om 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
rcle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 



gistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
Dund, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
ents) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
ijversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
$525. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 



Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201 . 1 5-38-1 



Staff Nurses: Live with your family in an attractive 
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month, 
including utilities, and work in a suburban Cleve 
land hospital. Starting salary range $420 $445 
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor 
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and 
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Sunny Acres Hospital, 4310 Richmond Road, 
Cleveland, Ohio 44122. 15-36-1 E 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli- 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



I POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36-1 D 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM 

KENTVIUE, N.S. 

Offers to Graduate Nurses a 
Three-Month Course in Tubercu 
losis Nursing, including Immu 
nology, Prevention, Medical and 
Surgical Treatment. 

For information apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

NOVA SCOTIA SANATORIUM 

Kentville, N.S. 



WUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 




Turns 

consume 

93 times their 

own weight 

in excess 

stomach 

acid! 



think how fast they ll work 
on your tummy upsets! 



Laboratory tests show Turns neu 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go to work 
in 4 secondson gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Turns a try. 
They re worth their weight in gold! 




FOR THE NURSE WHO 
DOESN T HAVE EVERYTHING 



ASSISTOSCOPE* 

When your friends start 
"fishing" for what to give 
you this Christmas, hint 
to them how much you 
would like your personal 
lightweight stethoscope. 



ASSISTOSCOPE* designed with the nurse in mind. 

Regularly $12.95, your Christmas stethoscope will cost 
you only $9.85 in your choice of white or black tubing. 
This offer expires December 24th. 




Also available in spe 
cial sister model which 
fits easily under the 
coif. 

ASSISTOSCOPE* 

Made in Canada 



Order trom\ 




WINLEY-MORRIS COMPANY LTD. 

SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS DIVISION 
MONTREAL 21 QUEIEC 

TRADE MARK 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

January 1967 

Abbot Laboratories Ltd. 1 

Ames Company of Canada Ltd. Cover IV 

American Sterilizer Company 1 1 

Bland Uniforms Limited 2 

Government of Canada, Dept. of Labour 9 

Canadian University Service Overseas 24 

M. J. Chase Co. Inc. 57 

Charles E. Frosst & Co. 10 

Hollister Limited 6 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 5 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 80 

C.V. Mosby Co. 20, 21 

T.M. Pharmaco (Canada) Ltd. 17 

J.T. Posey Company 18 

The Queen s Printer 12 

Reeves Company 19 

Uniforms Registered Cover III 

United Surgical Corporation 17 

Warner-Chilcott Labs. Co. Ltd. 57 

White Sister Uniforms Inc. Cover II 

Winley-Morris Co. Ltd 80 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JANUARY 1%: 



February 1967 



-3ITY I p 

sc; 

HIT. 



TO . 



. T ... TO/. A 



The 



Canadian 
Nurse 

Ju 



w/ 




nursing in the USSR 
drug addiction 

nurse and pharmacist 
- partners 

estrogen and the menopause 



1 



i l 



Three outstanding professional fashions from Wl Cj SIS I LJ[\ 



#3632 




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This tucked bodiced professional s collar Is 
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#3632 in Sanitized Fortrel & Cotton Intimate 
Blend at $14.98 
with 3/4 roll-up sleeves, sizes 10-44 



This professionals bow is detachable 
#3698 in Sanitized Fortrel & Cotton Intimate 

Blend at $13.98 
#3998 in Sanitized Corded Tricot Knit Royale 

at $14.98 

#3598 in Sanitized Combed Wash & Wear 
"Shantung Weave" Poplin at $10.98 

all with 3/4 roll-up sleeves, sizes 10-20 









The Skinny Coat a professional look of fashii 



#3618 in Sanitized Fortrel & Cotton Intimate 



Blend at $13.98 



#3518 in Sanitized Combed Wash & Wear 



"Fancy Ottoman Weave" Poplin at $11.98 



both with 3/4 roll-up sleeves, sizes 8-11 




ORTREL . 
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Featuring one of White Sister s most beautiful new uniform fabrics. 

SANITIZED ORTREL & COTTON (65/35) INTIMATE BLEND. A most luxurious super-white- fabric 

in the smart Bengaline weave with superb wash-and-wear performance. 



These three exquisite White Sister luxury professionals seen here (and many others) are available at fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 
For the store nearest you, write: 



WH ITE SISTER 

70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST, MONTREAL, QUE. 



WHITE SISTER and THE CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 

are pleased to co-operate 

in the sponsoring jj^ TT Jt 

NURSES STATION 

at the 
MAN IN HEALTH PAVILION 



t?XL)OfY/ 





W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY 

Philadelphia and London 



Sounders Texts to enrich and 
expand your knowledge of nursing . . . 

Kron Communication in Nursing 

By THORA KRON, R.N , B. S., formerly St. Luke s Hospital of Nursing. 
A New Book! From the author of Nursing Team Leadership, here 
is a practical guide for the nurse on how to write, speak even 
nod! with meaning. It skillfully shows how to have your thoughts 
and ideas "come accross." Mrs. Kron provides specific, how-to-do 
it information for achieving improved communication: how to 
become an intelligent listener -- how to give a demonstration - 
how to make a speech how to disagree agreeably how to 
write minutes, memos, reports, letters. In each discussion the author 
points out common difficulties and makes concrete suggestions for 
improvement. The principles given throughout the text are sum 
marized at the end. 244 pp., iltus., $4.05. Just Published! 

The Nursing Clinics of North America 

The Nursing Clinics fill an urgent need by providing a single and 
continuing source of information about the latest nursing concepts 
and techniques. The forthcoming March issue contains two impor 
tant symposia: The Nurse and the Law, with Jane C. Donahue, R.N., 
LL.B., as Guest Editor, and Radiation Uses and Hazards, with Eliza 
beth H. Boeker, M.S.P.H., as Guest Editor. The 16 full-length, well- 
written articles range from "Professional Liability Insurance for 
Nurses" to "Nursing Care in Radium Therapy." As in every issue of 
Nursing Clinics, every article is written by an authority in the field, 
and the topics discussed are those suggested by subscribers. Every 
issue (4 per year) contains about 160 pages with no advertising, 
and is bound between hard covers. Annual subscription (4 issues) 
only. $13.00. Student Rate: $10.80. 

Howe-Nutrition for Practical Nurses 

By PHYLLIS S. HOWE, B.S., M.E., Contra Costa College and Diablo 
Valley College. This up-to-date New (4th) Edition provides the 
practical nurse with full information on normal nutrition, diet 
therapy, plus selection and care of food. Discussions range from 
normal metabolic functions to the boiling temperatures for fresh 
vegetables- The author takes care to fully explain menu planning 
for both normal and special cases. You will find over 35 imme 
diately practical charts and tables on such subjects as: new storage 
times for frozen foods modified diet patterns, such as sodium 
or fat restricted percentages of nutrients derived from the 
basic four food groups fatty acid and cholesterol content of 
foods. Exercises are included at the end of most chapters. 302 pp., 
illus., $4.05. New (4th) Edition Just Published! 

Dennis- 
Psychology of Human Behavior for Nurses 

By Lorraine Bradt Dennis, B.S., R.N., M.S., Marymount Junior Col 
lege. In the thoroughly revised and expanded New (3rd) Edition! 

of this delightful book, Mrs. Dennis has achieved much more than 
just another textbook. As well as providing an excellent practical 
introduction to psychology, this books helps the student nurse to 
find out what she really wants to know: Why do people behave 
as they do? How can I study most effectively? What can I do 
about my problems? Mrs. Dennis gives a clear and balanced 
picture of psychology. She discusses genetics and early develop 
ment; learning, behavior, and personality; defense mechanisms,- 
mental illness and the forms of psychotherapy; emotional maturity 
in marriage all with wit, warmth, and wisdom. Teacher s 
Guide available. 289 pp., illus., $5.40. New (3rd) Edition Just 
Published! 



Canadian Representative: Me Ainsh and Company, Ltd. 1835 Yonge St., Toronto 7 

BRUARY 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



so soft ... so soothing 








SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS ... SOME STYLES 3jf12 AAAA-E. $15.95 to $20.95 

For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 

THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS De pt.CN-2. 1 221 Locust St. St. Louis, Mo. 631 03 
2 THE CANADIAN NURSE FEBRUARY 1967 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 2 



27 A Glimpse of Nursing in the USSR 
34 Estrogen Replacement at Menopause 
38 Estrogen and the Menopause 



February 1967 



H. K. Mussallem 

D. C. McEwen 

J. Blanchet 



40 Nurse and Pharmacist Partners J. L. Summers 

45 Tumors of the Skin P. J. Fitzpatrick 

48 Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer D. Martyn 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

7 News 
18 Names 
21 Dates 

Cover photo courtesy of the USSR Embassy 



23 In A Capsule 
25 New Products 
51 Books 

54 Films 

55 Accession List 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Ltndabury Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zllm Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1966 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



iBRUARY 1967 



"The menopause is definitely 
obsolete today." 

This statement is from the pen 
of Robert A. Wilson, M.D., one of 
the best known proponents of 
estrogen replacement therapy for 
menopausal and postmenopausal 
women. 

Dr. Wilson and his group regard 
the menopause as a deficiency 
disease, rather than as an inevitable 
and irreversible condition. They 
believe it requires replacement 
therapy with hormones, just as 
diabetes mellitus requires insulin, 
and hypothyroidism, thyroid. 

Not all physicians agree with Dr. 
Wilson and his colleagues. Some 
strongly oppose the use of sex 
hormones to relieve menopausal 
symptoms. They defend this 
conservative position by saying that 
most of these symptoms result 
from psychic, rather than physical 
causes, and that the loss of female 
hormones at middle life is a normal 
phenomenon to which the body 
will adjust. 

Other physicians assume a 
moderate position, agreeing that 
hormone replacement is warranted 
when the vaginal cell count reveals 
estrogen deficiency, or when 
menopausal symptoms, such as hot 
flashes, backache due to 
osteoporosis, etc., become 
distressing to the patient. 

Many women, aware of the 
present controversy surrounding 
this topic will direct their questions 
to nurses. We can answer these 
questions objectively only if we 
have all pertinent facts. For this 
reason, we asked two gynecologists 
to present the pros and cons of 
estrogen replacement therapy. 

Dr. Donald C. McEwen, in 
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy at 
Menopause," claims that one 
woman in three suffers from ovarian 
deficiency and should be given 
estrogens for the balance of her life. 

Dr. Jean Blanchet, in "Estrogen 
and the Menopause," takes a more 
conservative approach. He believes 
that only a small percentage of 
menopausal patients have symptoms 
that warrant hormonal therapy. 

Whether or not the menopause 
becomes "obsolete" in future is not 
something that we can predict. 
However, with society s stress on 
youth and youthfulness it seems 
likely that we will hear more from 
the proponents of estrogen 
replacement therapy in the future. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Recommended reading 

Dear Editor: 

We were interested in the review of 
Joyce Travelbee s Interpersonal Aspects of 
Nursing (December 1966). Our first-year 
students have been discussing material 
from this text frequently in their course in 
nursing fundamentals and we have found 
the book has helped them to think and 
understand more about nursing, human 
beings, and human experiences such as 
illness and suffering. Although there are 
a few deficiencies in the text, we believe 
that these are greatly outweighed by its 
value in assisting nursing students "to 
achieve helping relationships with others." 
Sister Patricia Marie, (Mrs.) B. Jones, 
L. Devereux, and (Mrs.) S. Dunning, 
Teachers of Fundamentals of Nursing, St. 
Joseph s School of Nursing, London, On 
tario. 



Dear Editor: 

I would like to recommend a book that 
I believe every nurse should read and 
which, I hope, she in turn may persuade 
just one doctor to read. 

The name is, In Search of Sanity, by 
Gregory Stefan, and is published by the 
University Books, New Hyde Park, New 
York. 

Those nurses who have read it say it is 
unbelievable. It is a very easily read book 
and I believe it is a very fitting successor 
to A Mind that Found Itself, by Clifford 
Beers, the old classic that did so much to 
change mental hospitals. 

Most book stores in large cities will order 
it; Book-of-the-Month will order it; and 
it is offered at a much cheaper price by 
The American Schizophrenic Foundation, 
Ann Arbor, Michigan, if one is a member. 
(Mrs.) Marion Palmer, Alberta. 



No criticism 
Dear Editor: 

In your November 1966 issue there was 
an interesting letter from a distressed 
reader regarding her obstetrical care in 
an Ontario hospital with a comment from 
a Halifax nurse stating: "I don t know 
what hospitals are putting out for nurses 
these days." 

Recently, I had the privilege of enter 
ing a modern obstetrical hospital in Hali 
fax. The attention and treatment I received, 
from the first moment I entered the hos 
pital with my suitcase, until I left with my 
4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



firstborn son, was the happiest experience 
of my life, and I cannot honestly criticize 
any phase of my hospitalization. 

My admission was quickly, quietly, and 
efficiently performed by a student nurse, 
who first introduced herself, and explained 
each procedure before she began the rou 
tine preparations. She took the time to help 
me with the breathing exercises with each 
labor pain, thus reinforcing the instructions 
I had received from my doctor prenatally. 
On transfer to the waiting or labor room, 
I received friendly, professional interest 
and care from both students and supervisor. 
At no time during the waiting period was 
there evidence of confusion; therefore, a 
feeling of confidence was transmitted to 
me and no panic or fear resulted. The 
case room nurse took the time to visit 
several times during the long night and 
informed me of my progress. When I was 
finally admitted to the labor room, I felt 
the staff were friends as well as capable, 
well-trained professional personnel. 

The postpartum and nursery care in this 
hospital were of the same high calibre. My 
questions regarding the baby s progress 
as well as my own were quickly answered. 
The staff certainly displayed patient in 
terest during my hospital stay. 

After leaving the hospital, I felt sorry 
that I had received my training 15 years too 
soon, when the emphasis was on nursing 
service, with nursing education second. I 
believe that students today are receiving 
better education. They are given the op 
portunity to provide nursing care, instead 
of orderly, maid or technician duties. 

I enjoy the articles published on hospital 
nursing. However, I would like to see some 
articles on public health nursing. - - A 
Public Health Nurse, Nova Scotia. 



Obstetrics for men 

Dear Editor: 

I am writing to commend you on the 
article "Why Not Obstetric Nursing For 
Male Students?" (October r966). The 
article was short but presented a good ar 
gument in favor of obstetrical training for 
male nursing students. The same desires 
that bring women to nursing also bring 
men and the same opportunities for train 
ing should be available to both. I believe 
that having men in obstetrics could pos 
sibly lend a sense of stability and security 
to childbirth for many mothers. Marsha 
Smith, S.N., Providence School of Nursing, 
Sandusky, Ohio. 



University education 

Dear Editor: 

After reading Miss Margaret Steed s arti 
cle "A Goal for the Future," (Decembei 
1966) we would like to express our view 
points. 

First, we found the article very interest 
ing. We really appreciated Miss Steed : 
analysis of the different roles in the nursinf 
profession. Rather than being based or 
quantity, as in the past, nursing care will 
in the future, be viewed more from th 
aspect of quality. This will provide a new 
concept of nursing service a team work 
ing together, centered on the needs of the 
patient. 

For this, the hospital administrator will 
have to be well informed of the necessit) 
to employ and to utilize the work potential 
of the two different categories of nurses 

We questioned the guidance which should 
be given to candidates for either nursing 
course. Students must know exactly the 
kind of role for which they will be educ 
ated and the opportunities they will have 
to pursue their studies. We foresee how 
difficult it will be for a diploma nurse 
to be accepted in a baccalaureate program 
after following a non-credit nursing course 

Though it may be a distant goal, we 
should prepare the public, teachers, and 
students, to participate in the reorganiza 
tion of the nursing profession. 

Miss Steed really opened the way, and : 
we are looking forward to more articles 
in the same light. Nicole Lambert, Gi- 
nette Lefebvre and Louise Poirier, 4th 
year students in the baccalaureate pro 
gram, Institute Marguerite d Youville, 
Montreal. 

Dear Editor: 

I want to congratulate Miss Margaret 
Steed on her very fine article, "A Goal 
for the Future" (December, 1966). 

I have read this article with much in 
terest and believe that she has made many 
comments which present her true thoughts 
on nursing at the present time. 

In the section "Education for Practice," 
which is well outlined, she presents facts 
that should be a stimulus to many young 
nurses who wish to map out a goal for 
their future. In the paragraph "Distinctions 
in Role and Practice," she has endeavored 
to bring out the full meaning of the im 
portance of the nurse in practice. I was 
very interested in her comment on team 
nursing. 

The final paragraph, entitled "The Way 

(Continued on page 6) 
FEBRUARY 1967 




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. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

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: EBRUARY 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



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letters 



(Continued from page 4) 

Ahead," is brief, concise, and very thought 
provoking. 

I will recommend this article to be read 
by all the students and I am very happy 
that she has taken her pen and com 
posed such a splendid article. Rahno 
M. Beamish, Director of Nursing, Kit 
chener-Waterloo Hospital. Kitchener, Ont. 

Dear Editor: 

The December issue, which describes bac 
calaureate education, contains information 
which is of great value for the recruitment 
and dissemination of information to the 
members of the profession. 

We were a little disappointed with the 
writeup given to Mount Saint Vincent Uni 
versity. When the original draft was sent 
for our review and correction in September, 
we made several changes. Yet, the uncor- 
rected draft appeared in the journal. We 
bring this to your attention knowing that 
THE CANADIAN NURSE, as the official organ 
of the Association, endeavors to publish 
accurate and up-to-date information. 

We look forward to each new edition of 
the journal for the stimulating and varied 
articles it contains. -- Sister Jean Eudes, 
R.N., M.S., Director of Nursing. 

The correct description of Mount Saint 
Vincent University is provided here for the 
benefit of readers. The Editors. 

Mount Saint Vincent University is the 
only independent women s college in Cana 
da. It is a Catholic institution for the 
higher education of women and is cond 
ucted by the Sisters of Charity. Located in 
the village of Rockingham, about 20 min 
utes from downtown Halifax by car, the 
campus overlooks Bedford Basin. The Uni 
versity is growing rapidly; a new tower 
residence and a Student Union building 
have been completed recently. Plans are 
under consideration for a new academic 
building with adjacent professional build 
ings. Sister Jean Eudes, Director of the 
School of Nursing, is responsible to the 
Academic Dean who, in turn, reports 
directly to the President of the University. 

The basic nursing program is a four- 
year, integrated program leading to a 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc.N.) 
degree. Mount Saint Vincent University 
was the first university in Nova Scotia to 
offer an integrated nursing degree pro 
gram. The course includes three summer 
sessions. Hospital practice is given in Hali 
fax hospitals and health agencies and is 
under the direct supervision of the Uni 
versity nursing faculty. 

A degree program is also open to reg 
istered nurses who have completed one- 
year university courses in a nursing special 
ty. The nurse who registers in this program 



6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



is required to complete 10 courses ii 
science and liberal arts subjects. The pro 
gram, instituted to meet a pressing need fo 
nurses with degrees in administrative an, 
teaching positions in Nova Scotia, will b 
offered for a limited time. No certificat 
courses are available. 

Admission requirements to the basic 4* 
year integrated program include Senio 
Matriculation (Nova Scotia grade 12) wit, 
certain specific high school subjects. A ne\ 
tower residence with single room accom 
modation is available on campus and stu 
dents may live in if they so desire. Marrie, 
women may apply, and, although the Urn 
versity is primarily for women, men ma 
apply for certain courses. 

About 20 students are admitted to eaci 
new class. It is anticipated that the Schoc 
will enlarge its facilities. Interested cand, 
dates should write to the Director, Schoc 
of Nursing, Mount Saint Vincent Univer 
sily, Halifax, N.S. 

"Crumps!" 

Dear Editor: 

Why is it that you always publish letter 
saying what a good magazine you have 
Doesn t anyone ever say anything critical 

Every issue it s "bouquets" and "com 
pliments." Why don t we ever see "gai 
bage" and "grumps"? 

Maybe it s because readers like mysell 
who see plenty to criticize, get in the hab 
of tossing your magazine into the wasti 
basket and turning to the funny papers foi 
our amusement. 

Not that THE CANADIAN NURSE isn t amus 
ing at least to a certain extent. 

The bombastic, amateur-psychologist pros 
is really quite a laugh, as long as one doesn 
read too much of it or take it too seriousl} 
Take this, for a representative exampK 
from your last issue: 

"An analysis of the aspects of the nursin 
process as related to patient care reveal* 
a range of activities extending along 
continuum from the simplest to the mo 
complex." In other words, in treating pi 
tients, a nurse has easy jobs and har* 
ones. 

You ve been preaching higher educatio 
for some time in fact it seems to be th 
major theme of your magazine -- but 
Miss Margaret Steed s article (which 
quoted from) is an indication of what hap 
pens after higher education, then heave 
preserve us from it. 

I have one more grump. One gets ver 
tired of seeing, hearing, and reading aboi 
professionalism, and what behavior can b 
classified as professional, and is nursing 
profession or is it not. A nurse is a nursi 
and whether she belongs to a profession c 
a labor force, she s got to do the sam* 
things when she goes to work. What i 
fact you re talking about is status; which 
to say, you re encouraging snobbery, nt 
professionalism. Sharon Johnston, R.N 
Montreal, Quebec. 

FEBRUARY 1% 



news 



vtore Cooperation 
IMA-CNA-CHA 

The Canadian Medical Association has 
<een asked to form a steering committee 
o prepare for a conference on Hospital- 
vledical Staff relationships. The CMA 
vill invite the Canadian Nurses Associa- 
ion and the Canadian Hospital Association 

name members to the committee. 

The main object of the conference would 
>e to explain the place and role in the 
lospital of administrative personnel, med- 
cal staff, and nursing staff, and to em- 
ihasize the relationship between the three, 
lointing out the essential need for com- 
ilete understanding and cooperation to 
irrive at the desired result of more ef- 
icient operation to produce the best quality 
)f patient care. 

The conference was suggested by a joint 
:ommittee of the CHA, CMA, and CNA at 

1 meeting in December, 1966. 

The joint committee has also recom- 
nended that the three national associations 
>e given the opportunity to participate in 
ach other s annual or biennial meetings. 
)r. L.O. Bradley, of the CHA, stated that 
here is very little cross representation at 
innual meetings of either the national 
jr the provincial associations and that 
vhen such representation existed it was 
.eldom that the representatives were given 
in opportunity to report the activities of 
heir associations or to point out the pro- 
)lems that may exist between the organiza- 
ions. 

itudy on Non-Nursing 
Activities in B.C. 

"In determining the number of hours of 
lursing care per patient day, many hos 
pitals do not exclude the time spent by 
lursing staff performing duties that are 
Bore correctly the function of other depart 
ments." 

This is the conclusion of a joint com- 
nittee of the Registered Nurses Associa- 
:ion of British Columbia and the B.C. 
Hospital Association who have recently 
:ompleted an investigation of some of the 
areas in which nurses assist. The commit- 
ee consulted representatives of dietary, 
lousekeeping, pharmacy, laboratory, x-ray 
ind social service and have published a 
iix-page booklet outlining non-nursing 
luties that nurses are called on to assume 
n these areas. 

The committee has recommended that 
each hospital give serious consideration 
:o the question of whether nursing person- 

FEBRUARY 1967 



RN is Expo 67 Hostess 




This patient at the Montreal Protestant 
Hospital is being taken on a verbal tour 
of Expo 67 by a hostess who is quite at 
home at the hospital bedside. Barabara F. 
Stewart, a graduate of The Montreal Gen 
eral Hospital and the McGill School for 
Graduate Nurses, is one of the Expo 67 
hostesses who is presently informing North 
Americans about the coming Exposition. 

Miss Stewart, who speaks English, 
French and Italian fluently, was employed 
with the Montreal Branch of the Victorian 



. 



Order of Nurses prior to joining the Expo 
staff. Her wide professional experience at 
hospitals in Montreal, Atlanta, Georgia, 
Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland, and 
her travels in 16 other countries give her 
a valuable background for meeting the 
persons of various ethnic groups who will 
attend Expo, April 28 to October 27. 

"Being hostess at Expo is a once-in-a- 
lifetime event," says Miss Stewart. "When 
it is over, I plan to return to nursing, 
since it is my-true metier." 



nel are being utilized to the best advantage, 
and when nursing personnel must be as 
signed non-nursing duties, the time so 
spent be subtracted when computing the 
actual nursing time being spent on nursing 
care." 

The committee recognizes that problems 
may exist in other areas, such as clerical, 
portering, messengering, and so on, and 
will continue their investigations into these 
areas at a later time. 



SRNA Prepares Guide 
for Refresher Courses 

The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association released a new 12-page Guide 
for Refresher Courses for Inactive Nurses 
in December, 1966. The booklet will be 
used as a guide to establish programs to 



help inactive nurses return to nursing. 

The booklet was prepared by the SRNA 
Committee on Nursing Service. Nurses who 
have not been engaged in nursing for a 
period of five years or longer are required 
to have a refresher course before returning 
to practice, and the SRNA has undertaken to 
give direction and help with the organization 
of such a program through this means. The 
association will also assist in finding suitable 
staff to carry out the program to help in 
active nurses return to nursing. 

The Guide recommends that hospitals of 
not less than 30 beds and subject to appro 
val by the SRNA may set up programs. Fees 
paid for the course would generally make the 
programs self-supporting. The length of the 
experience would depend on the needs of the 
individual, but a minimum of 120 hours of 
selected and supervised practice over a 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



period of not more than 6 weeks is suggest 
ed. Approximately 30 hours of theory should 
be correlated with the practice. 

Guidelines for course content are also 
included in the booklet. 

United Nurses of Montreal 
Seek Accreditation 

The legal counsel for the newly-organized 
United Nurses of Montreal, Mr. Phil Cutter, 
has announced that the UNM will seek to 
obtain accreditation from the Quebec 
Labour Relations Board to negotiate as 
bargaining agent for the 28 Montreal hos 
pitals in which English-speaking nurses are 
in the majority. 

The general meeting, in setting up the 
constitution, stipulated that all nurses who 
are English-speaking members of the ANPQ 
could join the UNM. In fact, the UNM 
was founded following a meeting of the 
English-speaking chapter of district 1 1 at 
which 1,200 nurses resolved to form a union 
to negotiate on working conditions. 

At a meeting of some 600 nurses on 
December 14, Miss Moyra Allen, instructor 
at the McGill School for Graduate Nurses 
and president of the English-speaking 
chapter of District 1 1 of the Association of 
Nurses of the Province of Quebec, was 
elected president of the UNM. Other offi 
cers elected were: Miss Terry MacMillen, 
vice-president; Miss L. Short, secretary; Miss 
C. Mutmuir, treasurer; and Misses T. Ni 
chols, M. Powers, and A. Hall, directors. 

At present the UNM has already recruited 
a majority of the approximately 4,800 
English-speaking nurses who work in the 
Montreal region. 

Another group of nurses, the Metropoli 
tan Association of Nurses, was formed in 
Montreal at the end of November, 1966, 
and is also seeking accreditation from the 
Labour Relations Board. 

Nurses Await Satisfactory 
Negotiations with Employers 

Ontario public health nurses in the coun 
ties of Halton, Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry, 
and Peel are still awaiting satisfactory 
outcomes to their negotiations with 
employers. 

In Halton County, the nurses returned 
to work on November 7th, with the verbal 
understanding that negotiations would start 
immediately on their return. On November 
23 the nurses learned that the Council had 
back-tracked on its promise. The County 
Council announced that it would not nego 
tiate with the nurses until they had become 
certified under the Labour Relations Act. 

The Halton County public health nurses 
are presently considering alternative courses 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



of action. They have no immediate plans 
for certification. 

In the United Counties of Stormont- 
Dundas-Glengarry, the public health nurses 
returned to work on December 19, three 
months after handing in their resignations 
when employers refused to negotiate sala 
ries and working conditions with them. They 
returned to work with a written promise 
that a negotiating committee would be 
established, and that the board was prepared 
"to negotiate in good faith" with them. 

At press-time, no employer-employee ne 
gotiations had been initiated. 

In Peel County, which has also been grey- 
listed by RNAO, public health nurses are 
awaiting the report of a conciliator, who 
was appointed in November by the Ontario 
Labour Relations Board. It is probable that 
a conciliation board will be set up as a 
recommendation of this report. According 
to RNAO News, "the ability of Peel County 
Board of Health to negotiate in good faith 
has not yet been demonstrated and the 
situation is becoming critical." 

"No Smoking" Literature 
For Bedside Tables 

A joint committee of the Canadian Med 
ical Association, the Canadian Hospital 
Association and the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation suggested that the three associa 
tions should support the CMA campaign 
to publicize the harmful effects of smok 
ing. 

At a meeting early in December the com 
mittee agreed that the CMA, working with 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, was the appropriate body to notify 
the public of the health hazard from smok 
ing. 

It was also suggested that the CHA 
could recommend to hospitals that a notice 
prepared by the Department of National 
Health and endorsed by the CMA and 
CHA be placed on all bedside tables in 
hospitals. 

Hospital Fringe Benefits 
Below National Average 

In 1965, Canadian hospitals paid an 
average of $689 in fringe benefits for each 
employee. However, this was barely half 
the national average of $1,350 per employee 
of other Canadian industries. 

These figures were disclosed in the 
December issue of Hospital Administration 
in Canada, which pointed out that 20.8 
percent of total hospital payroll costs 
went toward fringe benefits. The overall 
national average of fringe benefits to pay 
roll is 25.2 percent. 

According to the article, the highest 
percentage of the fringe benefits given 
to hospital employees was for paid time 
off work. This was much higher than for 
any other group. Paid time off work in 



cludes vacation pay, holidays with pay* 
rest periods and coffee breaks, paid tim> 
off for death in the family, jury and militar 
duty. 

Hospitals rank very low in percentag. 
of payroll benefits devoted to unemploy 
ment and workmen s compensation and ii- 
contributary pension and other welfar 
programs in comparison to the nationa 
average. 

Hospitals ranked higher in other nont 
cash benefits, such as cafeteria losses 
medical supplies to employees, parking! 
education, and laundry services. 

The article was based on a study b 
The Thorn Group Ltd., managemeB 
consultants, Toronto. This was the firm 1 
sixth report on "Employer fringe benefi 
costs in Canada," but the first time tha* 
hospitals were included in the survey. 

National Health and Welfare 
The Year in Review 

The year 1966 was a year of hand 
across the sea and expanded social securit 
across the nation for the Department c- 
National Health and Welfare. 

On the international scene, the Emei 
gency Health Services Division sent 1M 
emergency hospitals to Viet Nam and Dr 
Joseph W. Willard, Deputy Minister Of 
Welfare, was elected chairman of th. 
Executive Board of UNICEF. 

In the field of social security, the newes 
development was the announcement of th- 
Guaranteed Income Supplement, whicH 
will provide up to $360 a year to aboi 
900,000 Old Age Security pensioners wit " 
modest or no other income. 

The major expansion of the department 
health facilities was completion of th* 
Environmental Health Centre in Ottawz 
opened officially in October by the Mi 
nister, Hon. Allan J. MacEachen. The nei 
building accomodates laboratories and o< 
fices of the Occupational Health Divisior 
the Public Health Engineering Divisio: 
and the Consultant in Aerospace Medicine 

The Medical Care Act was passed b 
Parliament at the end of the year and wil 
become operative not later than July 1 
1968. The provisions of this statute wer 
based on four principles outlined by th* 
Prime Minister in July, 1965, when he an 
nounced the government s intention t* 
make federal contributions for provincial! 
administered medical care programs avail 
able to the provinces. For provinces t* 
benefit from the federal program, provin 
cial plans must provide comprehensiv 
physicians services to all residents of th 
province without regard to age, abilit 
to pay or other circumstances. Further 
more, the Act empowers the governmen 
under stated circumstances to include add. 
tional health services. Provincial program 
must be publicly administered and bene 
(Continued on page 1C 
FEBRUARY 1%: 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



WORKSHOPS FOR 
DIRECTORS AND 
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS 



Six regional workshops for directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals 
will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals Through 
the Problem-Solving Method. 

The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 

Two workshops will be held in the Spring: 
Region City 

Atlantic Halifax 

West Vancouver 



And four in the Fall: 

Region 

Ontario 

Mid-West 

Ontario 

Quebec 



Ci fy 
Toronto 
Regina 
London 
Quebec dry 



Dote 

April 11-14, 1967 
May 2-5, 1967 

Dote 

October 17-20, 1967 
October 24-27, 1967 
November 7-10, 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967 



Exact locations will be announced later. 

The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work 
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 

The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 

Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 

to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 

to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 

to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 

to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 

Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disappointment. 

I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 

G Halifax G Regina 

G Vancouver G London 

G Toronto G Quebec City 



Years in Position 
Number of Beds 



Name 

Title of Position 
Name of Hospital 
City or Town 
Qualifications beyond RN 

I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $ 
payable to the Canadian Nurses Association. 

MAIL TO: 

CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 

50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



news 



10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



(Continued from page 8) 

fits must be portable from province tc 
province, thus ensuring the national char 
acter of the plan. The amount of the 
federal contribution will be based on the 
average cost of insured services in particip 
ating provinces and will be calculated on 
a per capita basis. 

Canada s need for more trained health 
personnel was recognized in July with the 
passage of the Health Resources Fund 
Act. It provides a fund of $500,000,000 
over 15 years to assist in acquisition, con 
struction, renovation and equipping of 
health training facilities and research insti 
tutions. The federal payments for any 
projects will be up to 50 percent of the 
total cost. The balance need not, as in 
some federal-provincial programs, be 
provided by the provincial government, 
but may be supplied by any source designat 
ed by the province. 

The Smoking and Health Program added 
two major weapons to its arsenal - - a 
teacher s kit with completely Canadian 
content and an animated film, The Drag. 
The film, directed at teenagers, is being 
given theatrical screening across Canada. 
A strong new link in the chain connecting 
smoking and fatal diseases such as lung 
cancer was forged by a recently published 
report of the department s Epidemiology 
Division. It gives the results of a study 
conducted from 1956 to 1962 on the mort 
ality rates of smokers compared to non- 
smokers. Those surveyed were recipients 
of pensions from the Department of Vete 
rans Affairs. 

The new Canada Assistance Plan is a 
federal-provincial measure designed to in 
tegrate existing public assistance programs 
and to share for the first time the cost of 
Mothers Allowances, health care, exten 
sions of welfare and administrative services, 
and work activity projects. The program 
places emphasis on the rehabilitation of 
recipients to overcome and reduce depen 
dency on assistance and represents a signi 
ficant step in updating and rounding out 
Canada s social security system. 

It was a year of intensive activity for 
the Canada Pension Plan. National head 
quarters in Ottawa and 37 district of 
fices across the country were established 
and began processing the first applications 
for retirement pensions, which started 
January, 1967. Services provided to the 
public by staff of these offices include: 
receiving applications for benefits, assist 
ing in the completion of applications, coun 
seling, explaining pension computations 
and furnishing other information on the 
Plan. 

(Continued on page 12) 
FEBRUARY 1967 



Making the Best Better 




New 7th Edition! 
TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY 
AND PHYSIOLOGY 

Now in a new 7th edition, this highly successful text provides 
the basic facts and principles of body structure and function 
in a well-organized form. Student comprehension and interest 
are increased through the two-color format and the superb 
selection of illustrations, as well as the newly expanded full- 
color Trans-Vision insert. This new edition gives thorough 
coverage to the newer findings in all areas of anatomy and 
physiology, omits the abundant detail which tends to confuse 
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explicitly stated principles. New learning aids include a list 
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common prefixes in scientific words. A new test manual is 
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as the required text. 

By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Illustrated by ERNEST W. 
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About $8.40. 

New 7th Edition! 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 
LABORATORY MANUAL 

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By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Illustrated by ERNEST W. 
BECK. Publication date: May, 1967, 7th edition. About 14.00. 



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news 



(Continued from page 10) 

Catholic Nurses Meet 

The Association of Catholic Nurses of 
Canada, in conjunction with the National 
Council of Catholic Nurses of the United 
States, will host the North American 
regional congress. The congress will be 
held in Montreal June 20 to 22, 1967 within 
the framework of the Expo 67 theme. The 
congress theme will be "Suffering of Man 
and His World." 

His Eminence, Cardinal Leger, Father 
Tillard, O.P., and Dr. Eleanor C. Lamber- 
tson, dean of the faculty of nursing at Co 
lumbia University in New York, will be 
among the invited speakers. 

The program will include seminars as well 
as group meetings. An invitation to the 
congress is extended to Catholic nurses all 
over the world. 

Barrie Students Raise Funds 
for Overseas Student 

"Our Chinese Girl" is the favorite ex 
pression among nursing students at the 
Royal Victoria, Hospital in Barrie, Ont. 
Since Miss Catherine M. Brown, director of 
the Royal Victoria Regional School of Nurs 
ing, informed the students of a letter of 
application from Miss Cecilia Chiu, a For- 
mosan girl, the students have adopted a big 
sister attitude toward her. 

They have taken it upon themselves, as 
sisted by the Royal Victoria Hospital School 
of Nursing, to raise money to assist Miss 
Chiu with her entrance fees and expenses. 

Miss Brown received Miss Chiu s letter of 
application in July. Her academic standing 
was acceptable by provincial standards, and 
the young lady would have been accepted 
for the first class of the new regional school. 
However, the time-consuming factors of 
mail delivery overseas and the trip to Barrie 
would have made her arrive too late to 
enter that class. 

Miss Chiu, having been informed that the 
school entrance fee was $200, and knowing 
that she would need money to live on while 
in Canada, believed that she would need 
another $500. She mentioned in her letters 
that she had enough money saved for her 
passage to Toronto, and that she would 
keep her secretarial position in Formosa 
during this year, but she would still likely 
need financial help. 

It was at this point that the students 
began their money-raising campaign. The 
students have a permanent baby-sitting pro 
gram whereby one-half the money goes to 
the fund. They also have held a benefit 
dance, a hay ride, a hockey raffle and ;i 
hockey pool. Through the generosity of a 
local service station operator, the students 



held a gas-o-rama at which they received 
a commission on every gallon of gas they 
pumped. They have also received several 
offers of help and several donations from 
individuals in the area. 

To date, they have raised $336, with a 
goal of $500-$600. They are still looking 
for imaginative ways to raise the rest. 

When asked why they were doing this for 
a girl they had never seen, Miss Mary 
Ellen Empringham, chairman of the fund- 
raising committee replied: "Because she has 
made such an earnest effort to manage her 
passage here, we do not feel she should be 
deprived of her wish. We also believe that 
nurses are to help people and, even though 
we are far from being nurses, we believe this 
campaign, its challenge, and the accomplish 
ment of our goal will furnish a test of our 
qualities and characters as future nurses." 



New Method for 
Early Cancer Detection 

Investigations that began 10 years 
ago at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 
Montreal are leading researchers to believe 
that "heat pictures" or thermograms of 
the thorax could be the best method of 
detecting breast cancers, the commonest 
tumors in women. 

Detection of breast cancer at a very early 
stage is not usually possible by ordinary 
techniques. However, since at least 90 per 
cent of patients with breast cancer show ab 
normal temperature variations of 1C or 
more in the breast skin over the lesion, 
doctors feel that this sign should be ex 
ploited as for as possible. There is also 
evidence that the degree of malignancy is 
related to the degree of temperature eleva 
tion. 

Now, a Canadian breast surgeon, Ray 
N. Lawson, has developed a method of 
producing heat pictures of the thorax that 
clearly portrays these temperature varia 
tions. Dr. Lawson uses infra-red radiation 
devices plus a scanning or image-producing 
device that gives a two-dimensional map 
or thermogram. The device is similar to 
the radar screens used on ships or in air 
plane towers, except that it is sensitive to 
heat variations. 

Investigations are currently underway to 
engineer improved electronic gear for 
displaying temperature patterns. "At pre 
sent, military needs have a much higher 
priority than those of medical research," 
says Dr. Lawson. "Knowledge of certain 
new advances in thermal physics that would 
help advance our techniques is presently 
unavailable to medical researchers." 

Engineering research in thermal physics 
is also particularly costly. Since Novem 
ber, 1966, however, the American Cancer 
Society has been sponsoring a program to 
evaluate the use of thermography diagnosis 
in breast cancer, and some enthusiastic 
reports have already been given. 

FEBRUARY 1967 



news 



Using new techniques, scanning of large 
body surfaces takes less than a minute and 
permanent records of the area can be 
available for study 10 seconds after the 
scan. 

The new scanning techniques would also 
be applicable in other medical areas, such 
as placenta location in obstetrics, arthritic 
disease, dermatology and arteriosclerosis. 
It is now established in some clinics as a 
most useful aid in cancer detection, evalua 
tion of benign conditions, and follow-up 
surveys searching for cancer spread. 

Toronto s Street Haven 
Started by RN 

Street Haven, a refuge in Toronto for 
prostitutes, drug addicts, alcoholics, and 
lesbians, owes its existence to a thirty-year 
old registered nurse who has a big heart 
and a faith in human nature to match. 

Peggy Ann Walpole, a graduate of St. 
Michael s Hospital School of Nursing in 
Toronto, and now executive director of 
Street Haven, started this refuge for female 
offenders in March, 1965. At that time 
the Haven consisted of one room an 
unused beverage room in an old hotel 
and had no official financial backing. 

Today, as a non-sectarian organization 
that uses the services of more than 50 
volunteer workers, the Haven occupies 
2,000 square feet above a store in down 
town Toronto and contains bright, airy 
living rooms, an office, and a large kitchen. 
A monthly budget of $2.100 is made up of 
grants from the Alcoholism and Drug Ad 
diction Research Foundation, Eaton s, priv 
ate donors, and the United Church of 
Canada. 

The idea of establishing a refuge for 
women who are "at the bottom of the lad 
der" came to Miss Walpole after she had 
read The Junkie Priest, by Father Daniel 
Egan, founder of a similar haven in New 
York. Before reading this book, she had 
become convinced that something other 
than the usual halfway house was needed 
for women who had been caught in the 
web of narcotic addiction, prostitution, 
and petty crime. 

"No woman is an addict or a prostitute 
by nature," says Miss Walpole, who en 
countered many such persons as a nurse 
at St. Michael s, at a halfway house in 
Toronto, and at the city s Don Jail. "Usual 
ly she is pressured into the life. All too 
often she is released from prison without 
money, without worthwhile friends, with 
out a job, and with no place to go. When 
she returns to crime, it is for survival." 

The average age of the girls at the Haven 
is 23. Some come voluntarily for assistance, 
others are escorted by the police, or are 
FEBRUARY 1967 




Miss Peggy Ann Walpole, R.N., founder and executive director of Street Haven, 
a Toronto refuge for female offenders, chats with luncheon visitors in the 
Haven s public tearoom. Eaton s of Canada helped furnish this room. 



referred by the courts. Recently, two young 
girls were brought to the Haven by an old 
prostitute from a brothel where the girls 
had been living. 

At the Haven, the girls are accepted and 
given individual attention by Miss Walpole 
and her volunteers. The informal therapy 
consists of discussion groups, including 
Sunday evening sessions with young men 
from a Youth Anonymous group from 
Hamilton; recreational activities, such as 
bridge, ping-pong, darts, and a weekly 
hootenanny; instruction in the techniques 
of serving and cooking for Street Haven s 
tearoom, which is open to the public; and 
arts and crafts. Some girls are directed to 
adult retraining centers for clerical courses; 
others are assigned small housekeeping 
responsibilities in the Haven. 

The volunteers, all of whom are inex 
perienced when they come to Street Haven, 
involve themselves in all aspects of work. 
They write to and visit girls who are in 
hospital and jail; arrange to meet them on 
discharge from jail; pick up donations of 
furniture and clothing; assist with secre 
tarial work; go on emergency calls to hos 
pitals, and often to the "corners"; and 
attend court sessions. 

Nurses interested in volunteer work at 
the Haven should write: Street Haven, 2 
Teraulay Street, Toronto, Ontario. 

B.G.H. Receives 
Building Grant 

The Belleville General Hospital has been 
awarded a federal grant of $995,900 for 
construction and renovation programs. 

The hospital will add a new wing to its 
present building to provide space for 293 
active treatment beds and 44 beds for the 
care of psychiatric patients. The wing will 
also contain new operating rooms, x-ray 
department, laboratories and other facilities. 



Renovations to be carried out in the 
existing north wing will provide for an 
86-bed chronic care unit. Other renovations 
will include improvements to nurses sta 
tions, the enlargement of the physiotherapy 
department, modernization of the laundry, 
and additional space for the kitchen. 

Work is already underway and is schedul 
ed for completion about November, 1967. 

New Services at 
L lnstitut Albert Prevost 

Since the beginning of December, 1 Institut 
Albert Prevost in Montreal has offered the 
Quebec population three new psychiatric 
services: a diagnostic center, a day-care 
center, and a center for disturbed adoles 
cents. This new undertaking aims to permit 
easier access by the public to specialized psy 
chiatric services. 

The diagnostic center permits centraliza 
tion of all applications for care. Immediate 
consultation is available for patients who 
come to the center and appointments will 
be made within 24 hours for those who tele 
phone. After a preliminary evaluation, 
patients can be directed to the appropriate 
services. The outpatient clinic will now be 
limited to treatment of ambulatory patients. 

The day-care center can accomodate 20 
persons. These come to the hospital several 
days each week from 9:00 A.M. to 4.00 
P. M. These patients are those who, follow 
ing hospitalization, require a period of 
adaptation to life outside the institution, 
those who need medical supervision, or those 
who do not need continuous hospital treat 
ment but who will benefit from institutional 
services on a day basis. Experiments in other 
centers have shown that hospitalization can 
be reduced and often avoided. Therapeutic 
techniques center around group therapy and 
activities. 

(Continued on page 14) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



(Continued from page 13) 

The center for disturbed adolescents pro 
vides beds for 10 patients and is reserved 
for boys from 14 to 18 years. This service 
brings to 160 the number of beds for 
adolescents of both sexes in the Montreal 
region. The center is attached to the child 
psychiatry division. 

The outpatient clinic and the day-care 
center will eventually include adolescents of 
both sexes. 



Gynecologist s Claim Investigated 

An American gynecologist is being in 
vestigated by the U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration, according to Canadian 
Doctor, for claiming that oral contracep 
tives prevent menopause. 

Dr. Robert A. Wilson, of Brooklyn, 
New York, made the claim in his recently 
published book Feminine Forever. 

FDA spokesmen said the statement is 
being investigated to determine whether it 
extends beyond claims made for the con 
traceptives on labeling approved by the 
Administration. 

An advisory committee which recently 



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The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
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Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



completed a nine-month study of contra 
ceptives reported no data indicating that 
any of the oral type are effective in altering 
the natural history of patients. 

An assistant to the FDA Commissioner 
said the issue is "a very involved legal 
question." 

Metabolic Research Ward 
Opens in Winnipeg 

Winnipeg Children s Hospital, Manitoba, 
opened a new ward for the diagnosis and 
treatment of metabolic disorders in children 
in mid-January, 1967. 

By coordinating the efforts of medical 
and paramedical personnel, dietitians, bio 
chemists, pharmacists, nurses, occupational 
therapists, and social services, the metabolic 
ward will provide a complete range of 
services for both diagnosis and treatment of 
these disorders. 

The unit will also offer services on an 
outpatient basis, and conduct educational 
programs in the home management of meta 
bolic disorders. 

The diagnosis of metabolic disorders is 
often delicate and painstaking and requires 
the young patients to undergo series of 
tests including careful measurement of die 
tary intake and excretions. Apparatus for 
collecting specimens from young children 
plus storage facilities for these specimens 
will be standard equipment in the new ward. 

Of the more than 100 metabolic disorders 
that have been diagnosed, some are tern- 
porary while others require a lifetime ol 
treatment. By opening its new ward, the 
Winnipeg Children s Hospital is joining the 
fight to lower the death rate among children 
suffering from such diseases. 

Mrs. Manfred Jager, appointed head 
nurse on the ward, prepared for her new 
position by inspecting metabolic wards in 
Toronto, Boston, and Montreal. Mrs. Jager 
a graduate of the Winnipeg Children s Hos 
pital, worked there as staff nurse and assis 
tant evening supervisor, and assisted in esta 
blishing a day hospital for children at the 
Mount Carmel Clinic in Winnipeg. 

The ward, to be located in the "four south 
section of the hospital," will be specially 
equipped with both the personnel and appa 
ratus necessary to diagnose the disorders. 

No Gyn on Obs! 

New Jersey has stopped hospitals in that 
state from combining the care of obstetric 
and gyneologic patients on the same nursing 
unit, according to an item in RN. 

The December issue of the nursing, 
magazine reported that a three-year pilot 
study had been stopped by the state be 
cause the hospitals involved in the research 
often violated the strict rules governing 
the admission of gyneologic patients to 
the maternity floors. "If pilot hospitals 
under close check ignore such criteria, 
other hospitals are even more likely to do 
so," said one state official. 

(Continued on page 16) 
FEBRUARY 1967 





GO!... Where the ACTION is! 

Albany Medical Center, that s where. A modern teaching hos 
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York ... on 
the doorstep of New York City s bright lights . . . exciting 
horse racing at Saratoga . . . summer homes of the Philadelphia 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras . . . scenic Lake George . . . 
and the greatest skiing in the East. 

Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 

: EBRUARY 1967 



Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CITY 



.STATE ZIP CAN 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



MOVING 



DON T FORGET YOUR 
CHANGE OF ADDRESS 

Name: 



Registration No.: 

(If registered in two provinces, 
please give both.) 



Province: 



Old Address: 



New Address: 



Date effective: 



Allow at least six weeks 
for change of address 

Mail to: 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 the Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ont. 



news 



(Continued from page 14) 

"Operation Hospital Supplies" 

Health Minister M. B. Dymond has an 
nounced plans for Ontario s Department of 
Health to provide equipment for West Indies 
hospitals. The project will be known as 
"Operation Hospital Supplies." 

Dr. Dymond revealed that several weeks 
ago his Department had initiated a survey 
throughout general and psychiatric hos 
pitals in Ontario to ascertain what surplus 
equipment is on hand for disposal. Corres 
pondence with the Ministers of Health of the 
West Indies had previously revealed that 
most of the island hospitals lack many 
pieces of equipment that Canadians asso 
ciate with a well-run hospital. 

"Early survey returns received from a 
few hospitals here in Ontario have been 
more than gratifying," stated Dr. Dymond. 
"I am confident Operation Hospital Supplies 
will prove to be a highly successful project 
and most helpful to the people of the Carib 
bean. I feel all Canadians can share a 
sense of pride in the knowledge that a 
Centennial project of this nature will add 
to the health and well-being of their less 
fortunate Commonwealth partners," he ad 
ded. 

Equipment such as beds, bedpans, tables, 
trays, kidney basins is being requested. All 
Ontario hospitals, including their medical 
and nursing staffs have been inviled to sup 
port Operation Hospital Supplies throughout 
1967. 

RNAO Recommends Change 
In Public Health Act 

An amendment to Ontario s Public 
Health Act was one of the recommenda 
tions submitted by the Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario to the provincial 
government s Committee on the Healing 
Arts last December. 

RNAO recommended "that the Public 
Health Act be amended to ensure that 
nursing service provided by public health 
nurses be an integral part of any public 
health unit." The present Act allows a 
public health unit to function with the 
provision of nursing services to the com 
munity. This, in effect, means that the 
community is not guaranteed the services 
of public health nurses. 

In addition to denying the community 
of nursing services, this omission in the 
Act has another ramification, according 
to the RNAO brief. "There are implica 
tions for public health nurses who might 
wish to become involved in negotiating 
with their employer, as it is quite within 
his rights to discontinue public health nur 
sing services without closing down the 
unit." 



16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ICN Council of International 
Representatives to Meet in July 

The Board of Directors of the Interna 
tional Council of Nurses discussed the 
tentative agenda for the meeting of the 
Council of National Representatives to be 
held June 26 to July 1, 1967 at Evian, 
France. The agenda includes suggested 
plans for the next ICN Quadrennial Con 
gress to be held in Montreal in July, 1969. 

The executive director and the president 
of the Canadian Nurses Association will 
attend on behalf of Canada. The other 63 
member countries are expected to send 
representatives also. 

At this meeting the theme for the 1969 
Congress will be chosen. Seventeen national 
member associations, including Canada, have 
submitted suggested themes. The subjects 
reflect the wide concern of the associations 
for the adaptation of nursing to the tech 
nological age and their interest in nursing 
research and nursing administration. 

Pharmaceutical Firm Expands 

Construction of a new wing is well under 
way at The British Drug Houses (Canada) 
Ltd., and the building is scheduled for 
completion in early 1967. Twelve thousand 
square feet on two floors are being added 
to the existing plant in surburban Toronto, 
at a cost of $750,000. 

The increased laboratory facilities will 
enable BDH to play an even greater part in 
research and development of medical pro 
ducts, laboratory chemicals and general 
chemicals, according to Mr. F. Burke, 
managing director of the company. 

Winners Fly to 
Easter Island 

A jet trip to Easter Island is in the im 
mediate future for Mr. and Mrs. G.H. 
Pimm of 251 Park Road, Rockcliffe, Ot 
tawa. Mr. Pimm is the winner of the Easter 
Island contest mentioned in the August 
1 965 issue of THE CANADIAN NURSE. 

Purpose of the contest was to raise money 
to pay for trailers left on Easter Island by 
the Canadian Medical Expedition. 

In an article "Aku-Aku And Medicine 
Men" (August 1965), Carlotta Hacker, 
staff member of the expedition, explained 
how the trailers were left. During a two- 
month medical survey conducted on the 
island by Dr. Skoryna, the 37 team mem 
bers lived and worked in ACTA trailers 
which they donated to the Pascuenses on 
their departure "as a much-needed annex 
to the hospital and as a permanent biologi 
cal station." 

Following the article, a contest was an 
nounced to help pay for the trailers. By 
becoming an Associate of the Easter Island 
Expedition Society at the cost of $1.00, 
one became eligible for a free trip to 
Easter Island. 

Mr. Pimm and his wife, winners of the 
contest, will fly to the Island via Chile, by 
Canadian Pacific Airways. 

FEBRUARY 1967 




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AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
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FEBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



names 




On January 2, 
1967, Tatiana Labe- 
kovski will take up 
her duties as the first 
director of the new 
Cornwall Regional 
School of Nursing. 
Although the class 
rooms and residence 
of the new school 

are not yet under construction, Mrs. Labe- 
kovski s appointment will mean "the begin 
ning of a concentrated effort to get things 
ready for the new class," for September, 
1967. 

Mrs. Labekovski received her B.A. in 
philosophy and philology from the Uni 
versity of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and con 
tinued on toward a medical degree until her 
studies were interrupted by World War II. 

After her arrival in Canada, she grad 
uated from St. Joseph s School of Nursing 
at Hotel Dieu Hospital, Cornwall, obtained 
her diploma in nursing education from 
Queen s University, and was a member 
of the teaching faculty at the Cornwall 
school of nursing for six years. 

In the past four years, Mrs. Labekovski 
has been assistant secretary, nursing edu 
cation and service at the Toronto head of 
fice of the Registered Nurses Association 
of Ontario. 

Mrs. Labekovski arrived in Cornwall 
late this December to "settle in before 
starting to work on her rather monumental 
task." 

All inquiries about the new school should 
be directed to the schools of nursing at 
either of the local hospitals. They will be 
collected and held there until Mrs. Labe 
kovski has set up her office procedures. 



At the end of November 1966, the 
Canadian Nurses Association in Ottawa 
welcomed two interesting visitors Miriam 
M. Hornsby-Odoi and Ah Foo Chong 
both on World Health Organization fellow 
ships. 

Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi, a native of Ghana, 
was awarded a six-month fellowship com 
mencing November 14, 1966, to study 
public health nursing administration in 
Canada and the United States. 

Since 1963 she has been principal public 
health nurse with the ministry of health 
in Accra, Ghana. 

Following her study, Mrs. Hornsby-Odoi 
plans to introduce and apply new practical 
ideas to improve the organization of public 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



health nursing service in Ghana. 

Miss Ah Foo Chong, whose six-month 
award began January 3, 1967, is studying 
public health nursing administration at the 
University of California and in San Fran 
cisco, Minnesota, New York, Washington, 
Baltimore, and Canada. 

Since 1963 Miss Ah Foo Chong has 
served with the Ministry of Health, Kuala 
Lumpur, Malaya as principal matron. In 
this position she has administrative duties 
at national level and is responsible to the 
director of medical services for the develop 
ment and expansion of the health and 
medical nursing service and nursing train 
ing programs. 

The fellowship will provide "an op 
portunity to work with nurses who are res 
ponsible for the administration of public 
health nursing programs at the national, 
state, and local levels in the U.S. and Ca 
nada." On her return home, Miss Ah Foo 
Chong will be in a position to apply "new 
ideas in the development of these services, 
and to analyze the existing public health 
nursing services." 



Ramona Paplaus- 
kas-Ramunas, a na 
tive of Lithuania, has 
recently joined the 
editorial staff of 

L lNFIRMIERE CANA- 
DIENNE. 

Miss Paplauskas- 

*^._ Ramunas attended the 

University of Ottawa 

where she obtained her B.A. and B.Sc. in 
1961. After graduation, she gained five 
years experience as a publications editor 
with the Canadian Department of Agri 
culture. 

A member of various organizations, Miss 
Paplauskas-Ramunas has also held executive 
positions with the Ottawa Citizenship Coun 
cil, Canadian Industrial Editors Associa 
tion, and the Professional Institute of the 
Public Service of Canada. 



Recently appointed 
to the newly esta 
blished position of 
nursing advisor in 
public health psy 
chiatry for The On 
tario Hospital, King 
ston, was Helen Eliza 
beth Etherington. 

A graduate of the 










Mack Training School, St. Catharines, 
Ontario, Miss Etherington has also received 
postgraduate education in both public health 
nursing and administration and supervision 
in public health nursing from the Univer 
sity of Toronto, In 1963-64 she attended 
the McGill School for Graduate Nurses 
where she obtained a diploma in teaching 
and supervision in public health nursing 
with a major in psychiatric nursing. 

Her experience has included two years 
as a faculty member at The Ontario Hos 
pital School of Nursing, Kingston, and 
seven years in various public health nursing 
positions including that of supervisor of 
public health nursing with the department 
of health, Peterborough. 



Helen Jean Hanel, 

a 1953 graduate of the 
school of nursing at 
the Calgary General 
Hospital, recently as 
sumed her new posi 
tion as director of 
nursing at the Nanai- 
mo Regional General 
Hospital, Nanaimo, 
British Columbia. 

Prior to her new appointment, Mrs. 
Hanel worked at the Royal Inland Hospital, 
in Kamloops, B.C. as associate director of 
nursing services. Other experience includes 
two and one-half years as director of nur 
sing at the Union Hospital, Canora, Sas 
katchewan, and service as a general duty 
nurse in St. Paul s Hospital, Saskatoon, 
and the Union Hospital, Swift Current, 
Saskatchewan. 



Eno Maud Orr, 

director of nursing 
of the Ontario Hos 
pital, Brockville, On 
tario, for the past 35 
years, retired Decem 
ber 31, 1966. 

Mrs. Orr graduat 
ed from the Ontario 
Hospital School of 

Nursing, Toronto. In 1930 she was among 
the second class to graduate in nursing 
education from the University of Toronto. 
Before assuming her duties as director 
of nursing in Brockville, she was an in 
structor at the Ontario Hospital, Toronto. 
Almost 400 nurses have graduated from 
the school of nursing "which she shaped 
and kept vigorous through the many 
changes in nursing education." 

FEBRUARY 1967 



- . 



Barabora Ellemers 

has been appointed 
assistant superinten 
dent of nursing educ 
ation for the Saskat 
chewan Department 
of Education. 

A 1958 graduate 
of the school of nur 
sing of the Regina 
3eneral Hospital, Mrs. Ellemers also ob- 
ained a diploma in public health nursing 
: rom the University of Saskatchewan, a 
6.N. from McGill, and is presently work- 
.ng toward her M.A. at the University of 
Saskatchewan. 

Prior to her present appointment, Mrs. 
Ellemers served with the Victorian Order 
3f Nurses, the Saskatchewan Department 
af Public Health, and the Regina City 
Health Department. She also worked at 
Ihe Jewish General Hospital in Montreal 
in 1962-63 as an instructor and during the 
following year as a lecturer at the McGill 
University School for Graduate Nurses. 



Valerie O Connor, former editor of the 
International Nursing Review, recently be 
came the new editor of Hospital World. 

Miss O Connor, awarded the Gilchrist 
Scholarship to study in Great Britain in 
1961, was the first Australian nurse to 
undertake an academic course in journalism. 
On completion of her studies at the Regent 
Street Polytechnic School of Journalism, 
she joined the editorial staff of Nursing 
Mirror. Subsequently she went to the Inter 
national Council of Nurses as public rela 
tions officer and editor of the Council s 
publication. 



Leila Raymond of the United Kingdom, 
has been appointed acting editor of the 
International Nursing Review. Until recent 
ly, Miss Raymond was clinical instructor 
at King s College Hospital, London, Eng 
land. 

She undertook her basic nursing educa 
tion at King s College Hospital; her post- 
basic nursing education includes a certifi 
cate for clinical instructor and teacher. 

She has been joint editor of the King s 
College Hospital Nurses League Journal, 
which appears annually. 



W.S. Hacon, former chief of the Emergen 
cy Health Services Division for the Depart 
ment of National Health and Welfare, reli- 
quinshed his appointment recently to accept 
a new position with the department. 

Mr. Hacon is the new director of Health 
Resources in the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. 

His successor in the Emergency Health 
Services has yet to be appointed. 

FEBRUARY 1967 




Georg Fei letter, for 
mer instructor at the 
Cornwall General 
Hospital School of 
Nursing, is the newly 
appointed assistant di 
rector of nursing (ser 
vice) at the hospital. 

Mr. Feilotter gra 
in 1 954 in his native 
Germany, and emigrated to Canada in 
I960. His first Canadian appointment was 
at the Victoria General Hospital in Win 
nipeg where he worked in medical-surgical 
nursing. From 1962 to 1964 he was a head 
nurse at the newly built Rehabilitation 
Centre in Winnipeg. 

Mr. Feilotter next attended the Univer 
sity of Ottawa where he obtained two 
diplomas, one in rehabilitation nursing and 
the other in teaching and administration. 
He is presently doing part-time study lead 
ing to his B.Sc.N. 

Mildred Irene Walker, who retired Novem 
ber 30, 1966 as senior nursing consultant in 
the occupational health division of the 
Department of National Health and Welfare 
(THE CANADIAN NURSE, January, 1967) died 
in hospital on January 16. 

Miss Walker began her nursing career in 
1924 with her graduation from the Victoria 
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On 
tario. Her busy career was largely adminis 
trative and included experience as a lecturer, 
assistant professor, and public health nurse. 

Miss Walker became senior nursing consul 
tant in 1949, a position she maintained until 
her retirement last November. 



"A gifted Ontario woman," and a great 
Canadian nurse, Edith MacPherson Dickson, 
died recently after a long and active life. 

The number of highlights in her profes 
sional career indicate the major role she 
played on the Canadian nursing scene. 

After graduating from the Toronto Gen 
eral Hospital School of Nursing, where she 
was noted "as being a leader" by Mary 
Agnes Snively, founder of the Canadian 
Nurses Association, Miss Dickson went to 
Weston as superintendent of nurses for the 
Toronto Tuberculosis Hospital. 

During the formative years of 1920-22 
Miss Dickson served a term as president of 
CNA. She was also the driving force that 
led to the passing of the Ontario Registration 
Act. 

One of the first three recipients of the 
Mary Agnes Snively Medal for outstanding 
accomplishments in nursing in Canada, Miss 
Dickson was also awarded an honorary life 
membership in CNA in 1958. 

Her many activities included membership 
on the committee to erect a national memo 
rial in the Hall of Fame, Parliament Build 
ings, Ottawa, in honor of nurses who lost 
their lives in the First World War. 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 







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Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time- 
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dates 



February 9-10, 1967 

Meeting of Standing Committee on 
Nursing Education, CNA House, 
Ottawa. 

End of March 

Institutes for Instructors 

Ramada Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 

A two-day institute sponsored by the 

Registered Nurses Association of B.C. 

March 19 and 22, 1967 

Department of National Health and 
Welfare, National maternal and 
Child health conference. 
Talisman Motor Hotel, Ottawa. 
Inquiries: Dr. Jean Webb, Chief, 
Child and Maternal Health Division, 
Department of National Health and 
Welfare, Brooke Claxton Building, 
Ottawa 3, Ontario. 

April 28, 1967 

Nurses institute on respiratory 
disease, National Museum, Ottawa. 
; For information write The Canadian 
Tuberculosis Association, 343 
O Connor Street, Ottawa 4. 

May 4-6, 1967 

St. Boniface Hospital, School of 

Nursing, 25th Reunion of the 1 942 

graduating class. 

Would members of the 1942 

graduating class please write to Miss 

F.E. Taylor, R.N., 10123-122 Street, 

Edmonton. 

May 8-12, 1967 

National League for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the 
Health Revolution." 
New York Hilton Hotel, New York City. 

May 10-12, 1967 

Canadian Hospital Association, 
Montreal, P.O. 

May 15, 1967 

National Nursing Day. 

May 16-19, 1967 

Alberta Association of Registered 

Nurses Annual Meeting. 

Chateau Lacombe, Edmonton, Alberta. 

May 24-26, 1967 

International symposium on electrical 

activity of the heart. 

London, Ontario. 

For further information, write to 

Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 

London, Ont. 

FEBRUARY 1967 



May 29-31, 1967 

Operating Room Nurses Fourth 
Ontario conference. 
The Inn on the Park, Toronto, Ontario. 
Sponsored by the Operating Room 
Nurses of Greater Toronto. 
Direct inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor 
Conlin, R.N., 437 Glen Park Avenue, 
Apt. 309, Toronto 19, Ontario. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, 
N.S. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 

June 5-8, 1967 

Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting. 

June 12-15, 1967 

Canadian Dietetic Association 32nd 

Convention 

Chateau Laurier, Ottawa. 

June 18-21, 1967 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial 
Home Coming. 

Alumnae of former associates of the 
Ottawa Civic Hospital who are 
interested in the program should 
write to: Executive Director, Ottawa 
Civic Hospital. 

June 18-23, 1967 

Canadian Medical Association, 

1 00th annual meeting, Montreal, 

Quebec. 

Address enquiries to Dr. A.D. Kelly, 

Executive Secretary, ISO St. George 

St., Toronto 5, Ontario. 

June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of 
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, please send 
name and address to: St. Joseph s 
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 

July, 1967 

75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia 

Hospital School of Nursing, 

Dartmouth, N.S. 

All interested graduates please 

contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 

20 Ellenvale Ave., 

Dartmouth, N.S. 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



A nursing career with a difference. 



Excellent career opportunities exist 
for graduate nurses in the Canadian 
Forces Medical Service. Applica 
tions will also be accepted from 
nursing students in their final 
year of training. And enrolment 
will proceed upon registration. 

The duties of a Canadian Forces 
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of 
a professional nurse and that of a 
commissioned officer. Her employ 



ment therefore 
the respon- 
leadership as 
of the medical 
It also carries 
portunities 




carries with it 
sibilities of 
well as those 
profession, 
with it op- 
to travel, to 
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serve in Canadian 

tablishments all across Canada 

and in Europe. 



The starting salary is $540.00 a 
month, and increases in pay are 
granted every three years. 30 days 
annual holiday, and free medical 
and dental care are added benefits. 
Nursing in the Canadian Forces 
Medical Service offers valuable and 
varied experience in different en 
vironments, opportunities for pro 
fessional advancement, the excite 
ment of travel at home and over 
seas, a respected position, and a 
unique way of life not usually 
available to a Registered Nurse. 

Further information and appli 
cations for enrolment may be ob 
tained from your nearest Canadian 
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by 
mailing the attached coupon. 



The Canadian Forces. 
Give it some thought. 



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Director of Recruiting, 
Canadian Forces Headquarters, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



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22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



in a capsule 



Drugs from the Depths ? 

The underwater life of Australia s Great 
Barrier Reef may be a potential source of 
new therapeutic agents, according to Dr. 
Robert Endean of the University of Queens 
land. 

Working with a six-man team, Dr. Endean 
has isolated from one variety of cone shell 
a toxin that produces muscular relaxation. 
This toxin affects only skeletal muscles, and 
does not appear to produce any of the side 
effects associated with curare type of drugs. 

Another variety of cone shell has yielded 
a toxin that causes sustained contraction 
of muscle. Dr. Endean reports, "I know 
of no other substance in the world which 
can achieve this effect, and it may prove 
to be valuable as a heart stimulant. We 
have already successfully tried it on the 
heart muscle of the toad." The Homer 
Newsletter. 

"Pure" Doctors 

A selection of nurses examination mis 
takes, compiled by Roger Brook, has been 
published by the Souvenir Press, London, 
under the title "And after that Nurse?" The 
following excerpts show just how important 
wording can be. . . 

A cross infection committee was set up 
in the hospital to deal with affection be 
tween nurses and patients. 

Phenobarbitone may be given to seduce 
the patient and put his mind at rest. 

Cross infection is always blamed on 
nurses, but the real bugbears in this respect 
are the doctors who think they are too 
;pure to carry such things as germs. 
Nursing Mirror, 122 : 599, Sept. 23, 1966. 

The Nose Knows 

One of the most disagreeable factors in 
working with geriatric patients, particularly 
those who are incontinent, is urinary odor 
which frequently permeates the entire en 
vironment where patients are housed. A 
report in a medical journal stating that 
cranberry juice was used to deodorize 
wards having incontinent patients, prompted 
Charles R. Du Gan and Paul. S. Carda- 
ciotto to conduct an experiment in two 
geriatric wards, one containing 110 male, 
the other 110 female patients. 

During the program the usual methods of 
deodorization were discontinued and odor 
levels were obtained chemically as well as 
noted subjectively by personnel. 

The doses of cranberry juice were gra 
dually increased from three ounces per pa 
tient per day to a maximum of six ounces 
daily. The chemical tests on the urine and 

FEBRUARY 1967 



air reflected little change in either male or 
female wards after the administration of 
cranberry juice was begun. 

The personnel, using their noses as guides, 
reported more significant impressions. After 
the first week of giving cranberry juice, 
personnel noted that the odors were less 
evident in the wards. As the dose was 
increased, the odors became markedly re 
duced. It was also reported by the ward 
personnel that the patients who had com 
plained of a burning sensation on urination 
no longer complained of discomfort. Those 
incontinent patients who had had a strong 
odor about them seemingly had less odor 
when receiving cranberry juice regularly. 
The urine odor on clothing and bed linen 
was reduced markedly. 

During the administration of the cran 
berry juice, no untoward reactions were 
noted in any of the patients. Excerpts 
from Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, Sept 
ember, 1966. 

Beautiful Eyes 

Communication between adults has be 
come a highly sophisticated art, with the 
result that true feelings are often lost be 
neath a protective covering of words. It is 
a lack of such sophistication that makes 
the speech of mentally retarded adults 
childlike in quality. What we mistake for 
stupidity in the conversation of retarded 
adults is often a frankness and direct sim 
plicity so often absent in our more technical 
manipulation with words. 

Jerome Nitzberg, M.S.W., in the Sept. 
issue of Canada s Mental Health, cites a 
few examples of the disarming --if not 
always rational formulations of the re 
tarded. One young man with a talent for 
leaving the floor dirty after mopping it, 
sincerely explained that "the floor is too 
big and the mop is too small." Another 32- 
year old childishly explained why he ne 
glected to bathe more often: "I ll only get 
dirty again!" A young woman, in explaining 
why she wept so frequently, commented, 
"My eyes are beautiful when they are full 
of tears." 

Employee Services Recognized 

The presentation of long service awards 
is well established in industry, but equally 
industrious hospital employees often go 
unrecognized. That is until recently, when 
the Brockville General Hospital in Brock- 
ville, Ontario, set a precedent by awarding 
31 long service awards to personnel em 
ployed there for more than 10 years. 



The director of nursing, Vera J. Preston, 
proved to have the longest service of all 
over 25 years. Miss Preston, who began 
employment with the hospital on March 1, 
1938, received the top award of a gold 
watch as well as a gold service pin for 
"faithful devotion to her duties." 

Miss Nora Towe, of the food service 
department, received a 20-year gold service 
pin, and Miss Gladys Edwards, supervisor 
of the central supply department, who is 
only a few months short of 15 years service, 
received a 10-year service pin. Other nurses 
with 10 years and more service were: Miss A. 
Foster, Mrs. S. Willows, and Miss Joan 
Freeman. 

All departments of the hospital were 
represented, including housekeeping, engi 
neering, administration, and food service. 

Burnt Cakes and Car Accidents 

Insurance companies take note! From the 
results of her "Experimental Study of Home 
Accident Behavior," Dr. Joan Guilford, 
director of the American Institutes of 
Research in Los Angeles, concludes that 
"one might speculate that a woman drives as 
she keeps house." The frequency of accidents 
in the kitchen appears to be related to the 
frequency of those on the highway and to 
vehicle code violations, a study of auto- 
accident and violation records of 178 women 
indicated. Further, the type of auto accident 
. personal injury or property damage - 
seems selectively related to those in the 
kitchen. 

Dr. Guilford, who conducted the experi 
ment using a mobile van with simulated 
home kitchen and one-way observation 
rooms, found that not only were home acci 
dents correlated with auto accidents and 
traffic violations, but also that other factors 
the number of a woman s children, her 
drinking habits, weight, personality traits 
and blood pressure were related in many 
cases to accidents or near accidents. 

What factors may "predict" kitchen (and 
possibly automobile) accidents? One of the 
best, most consistent indications at least 
in this study was the number of children 
each subject had. "It seems clear that those 
subjects with more children have the lower 
accident rates," said Dr. Guilford. 

Other results indicated that when com 
pared to teetotalers, women who drank al 
coholic beverages were less likely to have 
kitchen accidents. Emotionally unstable 
women tended to have more personal-injury 
accidents, but not property damage. Both 
thin and obese subjects had more accidents 
than did average-weight subjects. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 




contents 

Introduction 

Body Fluid, Our Heritage from the Sea 

Cellular and Extracellular Fluid; Secretions and 

Excretions 

Units of Measure 

Gains and Losses of Water and Electrolytes 

Volume Changes in Extracellular Fluid 

Composition Changes of Major Extracellular 

Electrolytes 

Position Changes of Water and Electrolytes of 

Extracellular Fluid 

The Role of Nursing Observations in the Diagnosis 

of Body Fluid Disturbances 

The Elements of Nutrition 

The Nurse s Role in Preventing Imbalances of Water, 

Electrolytes, and Other Nutrients 

Help from the Lab 

Gauges for Dosage 

The Treatment of Body Fluid Disturbances 

Parenteral Fluid Administration Nursing 

Implications 

Fluid Balance in the Surgical Patient 

Fluid Balance in the Badly Burned Patient 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Digestive Tract Disease 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Urological Disease 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Cardiac Disease 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Endocrine Disease 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Neurologic Disease 

Fluid Balance in the Patient with Respiratory Disease 

Water and Electrolyte Disturbances from Heat 

Exposure 

Fluid Balance Disturbances in Infants and Children 

Bibliography 

Index 




To help save lives! 

A new and vitally important book 
on the nurse s role in prevention 
of body fluid disturbances. 



NURSES HANDBOOK 
OF FLUID BALANCE 

Medical science recognizes that body fluid disturbances represent 
the common denominator of a host of illnesses; that every patient 
is a candidate for one or more of these disturbances; and that the 
life of a patient may depend upon early recognition, interpretation 
and intervention. Since the early recognition of fluid imbalance 
depends upon close observation of the patient, the nurse carries 
a heavy responsibility. She must be alert to adverse signs in the patient s 
progress and must understand their significance. 
Eminently qualified, the authors write with an insight into the 
medical problems and nursing needs of patients with fluid imbalance 
and provide the nurse student and graduate alike with a well- 
illustrated, comprehensive and illuminating book on body fluid 
disturbances. Emphasis throughout is on knowing what to look for 
how to look for it and what to do about it. - - The authors 
first present general information concerning body fluid disturbances 
- their nature, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis. 
They then deal with the important clinical areas. 

By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S., Department of Nursing, 

St. Louis Junior College, St. Louis, Missouri; formerly Medical-Surgical 

Coordinator, Missouri Baptist Hospital School of Nursing, St. Louis. 

William D. Snively, Jr., M.D., Clinical Professor in the Department of 
Pediatrics, Medical College of Alabama; Vice President, Medical Affairs, 
Mead Johnson & Company; formerly Chairman, Fluid Balance Exhibit 
Committee, American Medical Association. 



275 PAGES 



90 ILLUSTRATIONS 



1967 



$7.50 



J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY OF CANADA LTD., 6O Front Street West, Toronto 1. 

Please send me copy(ies) NURSES HANDBOOK OF FLUID BALANCE $7.50 

NAME [J Payment enclosed 

ADDRESS rj Charge 

CITY PROV. CN J47 



24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Pregslide 

(BELL-CRAIG) 

Description - - A simple, inexpensive, 
and highly accurate urine test for preg 
nancy. The Pregslide kit gives results in two 
minutes with an accuracy of 97%. Because 
of its high sensitivity, the new test can 
detect pregnancy earlier than any other 
slide test. 

Procedure - - To perform the test, two 
prepared reagents are mixed with a single 
drop of the patient s urine on a specially 
tinted blue slide. The mixture will assume 
a smooth and, finally, a granular pattern if 
the patient is pregnant. In a negative test, 
agglutination (clumping) will be visible 
within two minutes. 

For information on the new pregslide 
Jcit contact Bell-Craig Pharmaceuticals, 451 
Alliance Ave., Toronto 9, Ont. 

Showplace 

(BREWSTER) 

Description - This portable, table-top 
exhibition panel unit is offered in a variety 
of panel surfaces for use in hospital lob 
bies, for fund raising or general public 
relations displays, and in nursing schools 
for instructional exhibits. 

The 25 Ib. Showplace unit provides 24 
square feet of exhibit space in two 24" x 
36", two-sided panels encased in hard 
wood frames. The equipment comes com 
pletely assembled. 




The panel surfaces includes: V4" thick 
"doeskin" Homasote, V4" thick pegboard, 
W thick burlap-covered Homasote or Vi" 
thick burlap-covered pegboard. Frames are 
finished in walnut or driftwood. 

The Homasote panels will accept picture 
hoojcs, nails, staples, pins and tacks, while 
the pegboard versions take print clips, 
hooks and shelves supplied by the manu 
facturer. 

For further information, contact: The 
Brewster Corporation, Old Lyme, Conn. 
06371. 

FEBRUARY 1967 



Urecholine 

(MERCK, SHARP AND DOHME) 

Description A new dosage size (25 mg. 
tablet) for Urecholine chloride has been 
added to the existing 5 and 10 mg. tablet 
size and the 5 mg./cc. injection form. 

Urecholine chloride (bethanechol chlor 
ide) is a parasympathomimetic agent that 
increases the smooth muscle tone of the 
gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. 

Indications - Urecholine chloride is 
recommended in the treatment of certain 
cases of postoperative urinary retention 
and atony of the bladder, postpartum uri 
nary retention, postoperative abdominal 
distention, and incongenital megacolon 
when drug therapy is indicated. 

Dosage - - Dosage and route of admin 
istration must be individualized, depending 
on the type and severity of the condition 
to be treated. Mild and moderate disorders 
often respond to the tablet. Subcutaneous 
injection should be reserved for patients 
who do not respond to oral therapy. 

Oral: The usual adult dosage is 10 to 
30 mg. three or four times a day. Satis 
factory response often follows 10 to 15 mg. 
The minimum effective dose is determined 
by giving 5 or 10 mg. initially and repeat 
ing the same amount at hourly intervals 
to a maximum of 30 mg. until a satisfac 
tory response occurs. The effects of the 
drug sometimes appear within 30 minutes 
and usually within 60 to 90 minutes. They 
persists for about an hour. 

Subcutaneous: The usual dose is 1 cc. 
(5 mg.), although some patients respond 
satisfactorily to as little as 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.). 
The minimum effective dose is determined 
by injecting 0.5 cc. (2.5 mg.) initially 
and repeating the same amount at 15 to 
30 minute intervals to a maximum of four 
doses until satisfactory response is obtained, 
unless disturbing side effects appear. The 
minimum effective dose may be repeated 
thereafter three or four times a day as 
required. 

Injection Urecholine chloride is for sub 
cutaneous use only. It should never be 
given intramuscularly or intravenously, 
since violent symptoms of cholinergic over- 
stimulation are likely to occur. Atropine 
is a specific antidote. A syringe containing 
a dose for adults of 0.6 mg. (1/100 grain) 
or more of atropine sulfate should always 
be available to treat symptoms of toxi- 
city. 

Contraindications Urecholine chloride 
is contraindicated in hyperthyroidism, preg 
nancy, peptic ulcer, latent or active bron 
chial asthma, pronounced bradycardia or 



hypotension, vasomotor instability, coron 
ary artery disease, epilepsy and parkin- 
sonism. 

Side Effects Subcutaneous doses of 
1 cc. or less may cause such mild side 
effects as abdominal discomfort, salivation, 
flushing of the skin or sweating. 

For further information or to receive 
the Urecholine file booklet, contact: Merck, 
Sharp and Dohme, P.O. Box 899, Mon 
treal 3, P.Q. 

Literature Available 

Patterns of Disease, a booklet published 
six times yearly by Parke, Davis and Comp 
any, features "special reports" which would 
be of interest to nurses. 

Examples of the reports featured during 
1966 are "Venereal Disease" (March- 
April), "Speech and Hearing Disorders" 
(May-June), "The Nation s Health Man 
power" (July-August), and "Gastrointes 
tinal Disorders" (September-October). 

Composed of numerous charts, graphs 
and illustrations, these reports offer a fund 
of interesting facts. 

Also published by Parke, Davis and 
Company, Ltd., "as a service to physicians," 
is their booklet Therapeutic Notes and 
its French counterpart Notes Therapeuti- 
ques. 

Containing more description and fewer 
charts and illustrations that the first book 
let, Therapeutic Notes features several 
articles in an attractive magazine format. 
Besides the regular "ten-second abstracts," 
articles on such topics as infectious mono- 
nucleosis, bites and stings, and eye dis 
orders in the aging patient have appeared 
in the past year. 

Nurses can have their names added to 
the mailing lists of either publication by 
writing, individually, and specifying which 
publication, to Parke, Davis and Company, 
Ltd., 5910 Cote de Liesse Rd., Montreal 9, 
P.Q. 

The proceedings of the International 
Symposium on Physical Activity and 
Cardiovascular Health, which was sponsor 
ed by the Ontario Heart Foundation 
together with the Ontario and Canadian 
Medical Associations, are now available at 
a cost of $3.00 each. 

This Symposium, held in October, 1966, 
included 31 speakers and 43 discussants 
at a gathering of 550 persons in the various 
fields of medicine and physical education. 

Orders for the proceedings should be sent 
to the Ontario Heart Foundation, 247 
Davenport Road, Toronto 5, Ontario. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



help wanted in Antigua, Burundi, 

Columbia, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar, 

Peru, Rwanda, Sarawak, Tanzania, Tchad, Trinidad, Uganda, and Zambia. 



it s your world. 




These countries have a lot in common. Every one is 
no place for you if all you have to offer is lofty 
ideals. These are countries that need realists people 
who are ready to get down to work. And come down 
to earth. Literally. Don t kid yourself . . . signing up 
with this outfit will mean slugging it out through a 
tough, demanding job. That s the only way you ll fill 
the needs of these countries. And who knows, maybe 
you ll have a few of your own filled. What is CUSO? 
It s a national agency created to develop and pro 
mote overseas service opportunities for Canadians. 
It arranges for the placement of qualified men 
and women in countries that request their 
services. If you re sent to a country it s be 
cause they ve asked for you. Or someone 
like you. How does CUSO work? Abroad, it 
works through different international agencies 
who all assist in the placement of personnel. 
In Canada it works through local co-ordinating 
committees, located in most universities, but serv 




ing the whole community. What kind of people are 
needed? People who can adapt their skills and training 
to a far-from-perfect environment. Nurses who are 
able to cope with frustrating (and often primitive) 
working conditions. Nurses who can train and super 
vise other nurses. Nurses who can earn respect, 
and give it. Think about it. You ll know if you ve got 
what it takes. What is the selection procedure like? 
Tough. Because we don t believe in sending underdevel 
oped people to developing countries. Preliminary 
screening is carried out, where possible, by local 
committees. CUSO then nominates candidates 
to governments and agencies requesting per 
sonnel, who make the final selection. CUSO 
also makes arrangements for preparatory and 
orientation courses. How do you apply? Get 
more information and application forms from 
local CUSO representatives at any Canadian 
university , or from the Executive Secretary of CUSO, 
151 Slater Street, Ottawa. 



CUSO 

The Canadian Peace Corps 



26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



A glimpse of nursing 
in the USSR 



This article is a thumbnail sketch of observations made by Dr. Mussallem during 
the Travelling Seminar on Nursing in the USSR last October. 



Helen K. Mussallem 




FEBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



"Please fasten your seat belts. We 
will be landing at Moscow s Interna 
tional Airport in a few minutes." 

I looked out into the dark sky and 
the clouds suddenly vanished. "Those 
are the lights of Moscow," my com 
panion said, "and over there is the Red 
Square." 

I felt a strange tingle of excitement 
and wonderment. What is Russia really 
like? What are the people like the 
nurses the hospitals the schools 
of nursing? Is the Russian system of 
nursing so different from ours? Now, 
one of the dreams of my professional 
life was about to come true: I was 
going to find the answers to these 
questions and a thousand others during 
our month-long Travelling Seminar on 
Nursing in the USSR. 

The twain did meet 

The link between the Canadian nurs 
ing tradition and the Russian practice 
is tenuous, but, nevertheless, real. 
During the Crimean War, while Flo 
rence Nightingale was organizing nurs 
ing services for the British Army, Dr. 
Pirogov was organizing them for the 
Russian. Although each had the same 
basic objective, they never met to ex 
change ideas. 

Dr. Pirogov continued his work after 
the Crimean War, and organized all 
levels of health personnel in Russia. 
When the Soviet system of public health 
services was inaugurated simultaneous 
ly with the establishment of Soviet 
power in 1917, much of Pirogov s 
system was retained. 

After the Crimean War, Miss Night 
ingale returned to England where she 
promoted and developed high standards 
of nursing education and nursing prac 
tice. Her revolutionary ideas spread to 
virtually all English-speaking countries 

Dr. Mussallem, Executive Director of the 
Canadian Nurses Association, was a mem 
ber of the WHO Travelling Seminar on 
Nursing in the USSR. This article was not 
submitted to the USSR Ministry of Health 
for approval. 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



in every part of the world. 

Now, 100 years later, 23 nurses who 
had been educated in modified patterns 
of the Nightingale system, were to meet 
with nurses and doctors of the Soviet 
Union who were products of the Piro 
gov system. 

Participants from many lands 

My Travelling Seminar colleagues 
were chief nursing officers in their own 
countries and literally came from the 
four corners of the world, or, more 
exactly, from the six World Health 
Organization Regions: Africa, Latin 
America, Eastern Mediterranean, Eu 
rope, South-East Asia, and Western 
Pacific. We were in the USSR to learn 
about the entire health program and 
especially about nurses and nursing. 
But we were to learn much more than 
that. We were to see cities, towns and 
villages in four Republics, meet the 
people, view the treasures of the past, 
participate in festivities, and return with 
a better understanding of this vast 
country of mystery, commitment, and 
contrast. 

Our colorful group convened at the 
Central Institute for Advanced Medical 
Studies in Moscow on October 6. 
Native costumes from Japan, the 
Sudan, India, Malaysia, Tanzania, and 
other countries displayed the splendor 
of the color spectrum. 

In the minds of all were many 
questions and some apprehension about 
what lay ahead. Certainly the warmth 
and friendliness of our colleagues in the 
Soviet Union left nothing to be desired. 
Even though the language barrier sep 
arated most of us, this was quickly 
overcome through the six interpreters 
who were always at our disposal. 

Free health services 

The Seminar was opened the first 
morning by the Deputy Minister of 
Health of the USSR who explained to 
us the basic socialist principles on 
which the health services are based. 
We soon realized that it was essential 
to have an understanding of these 
principles to appreciate how the meth 
odologies had evolved. 



The Deputy Minister spoke with 
great feeling of the importance of 
nurses. He said that he hoped this 
Seminar would be more than an ob 
servation of the health and nursing 
services in the Soviet Union and that 
the nurses from the countries repre 
sented would share their experience 
with their Soviet counterparts. This we 
did. 

The Minister told us that when 
Soviet power was established in 1917, 
the importance of health care was re 
cognized, and its availability to all citi 
zens, even in the most remote areas, 
was regarded as a vital function of the 
state. The constitution of the USSR 
states emphatically that each individual 
has a right to maintenance in sickness, 
disability and old age. All health ser 
vices are available free to all citizens 
(and to visitors, as we were soon to 
learn) in the Soviet Union. 

We were impressed with the great 
improvements made in health services 
since 1917. For example, at that time 
there were 46,000 middle medical 
workers the group to which nurses 
belong, 1.4 doctors per 10,000 popu 
lation, and 13.0 hospital beds. The 
average life span was 44 years. Today, 
there are 1,620,000 middle medical 
workers, 23.2 doctors per 10,000 po 
pulation, and 93.1 beds. The average 
life span is 66 years for men and 73 
for women. The measures used to ac 
complish these improvements were a 
revelation to us. 

Central control for health services 

Major planning for all health ser 
vices in the 15 republics is a function 
of the Central Ministry of Health in 
Moscow. Here, the regulations for the 
administration of all hospitals 
including nursing services are 
established. These regulations cover all 
sizes of hospitals from the large, com 
plex, oblast hospitals in the metropo 
litan areas to the very small feldsher* 
and midwife units on collective farms 
in remote parts of this immense 

*A feldsher is a category between physi 
cian and nurse; a "junior doctor." 

FEBRUARY 1967 




FEBRUARY 1967 



country. 

We toured all types of hospitals and 
health services in which nursing was 
involved, in four of the Republics: 
Russian, Ukranian, Georgian, and Ab 
khazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist 
Republic. In these republics we visited 
large cities, such as Moscow, Kiev, 
Tbilisi, and Vinnitsa, and small com 
munities, such as Sukhumi, and Tul- 
chinsk. We noted that the patterns 
of health service in every community 
generally followed the regulations spe 
cified by the Central Ministry in 
Moscow. 

Labor code protects worker 

The administration of nursing ser 
vices in the hospitals is unlike that of 
Canada. The main differences stem 
from the differences in ideologies and 
basic principles of management. In the 
USSR, legal regulations govern the em 
ployment of all workers, including 
those in medical and paramedical fields. 
The labor code gives protection to the 
worker and certain statutory powers to 
the trade unions. These are related to 
such matters as improvement of work 
ing conditions and scrutiny of the 
labor legislation. 

The legal labor regulations of all 
citizens are founded on principles of 
socialist management of labor as con 
tained in the Constitution. We were 
told by the head of the Labor Pro 
tection Department at the Central Com 
mittee for Medical Workers that the 
fundamentals of socialist labor legisla 
tion include: 

1. The universal obligation to work. 

2. A guaranteed right to work. 

3. Guaranteed remuneration of work 
depending on the quantity and qua 
lity of that work. 

4. A labor discipline and the ob 
servance of internal labor regula 
tions. 

5. Guaranteed safety and health con 
ditions of labor, legislation restric 
tions on working hours, and a 
guaranteed right to rest. 

6. Assistance in the improvement of 
qualifications and general educa 
tional standards of workers and the 
right to assistance and maintenance 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



in case of disablement as determin 
ed by the law and at the expense 
of the State. 

Everyone works for the State and is 
paid by the State. There is no private 
enterprise, nor is there private practice 
by doctors, nurses or any other 
workers. Physicians, nurses, and other 
health workers are assigned to hospitals 
on a full-time basis. Public health 
functions are carried out by personnel 
of polyclinics, dispensaries, and felds- 
her units who visit and give health care 
in the home or anywhere in the com 
munity. 

All workers in the health field 
doctors, nurses, and even students 
belong to the same trade union. There 
is no voluntary professional associa 
tion like the CNA. Membership in the 
trade union provides generous benefits 
in relation to housing, vacation and 
recreation. Individual excellence and 
achievement is rewarded through addi 
tional money or through the provision 
of better living accommodation. 

Living accommodation for nurses is 
arranged by the State and is provided 
at a very minimum rate usually at 
five rubles (approximately $5.00 Cana 
dian funds) per month. It is difficult, 
however, to compare nurses salaries in 
the USSR with salaries paid to their 
counterparts in other countries, since 
the economic systems are basically 
different. When we acknowledge that 
so many services are provided full 
maintenance during retirement, holi 
days at very minimum expense, in 
expensive food and clothing we then 
recognize that the nurse s wages, from 
60 to 110 rubles a month, are quite 
sufficient to provide a comfortable 
living and enjoyment of the recreational 
and cultural offerings. For comparison, 
doctors are paid about 100 to 150 
rubles per month. 

No nursing hierarchy 

The chief physician in every hospital 
is also its chief administrative officer. 
The chief nurse is directly responsible 
to this doctor and, essentially, is his 
assistant. The senior nurse of a depart 
ment is directly responsible to the 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



senior physician and works under his 
direct supervision. Together they super 
vise the nursing services provided in 
that department or unit. 

There is no nursing service depart 
ment and no direct line of authority 
between the chief nurse, the senior 
nurse, and the staff nurse. "We do not 
believe in a nursing hierarchy," I was 
told. Essentially, the doctor, nurse, and 
auxiliary personnel work together as a 
team, with the doctor in charge. This 
pattern also prevails in polyclinics and 
in other health units. 

Often we received the impression 
that duties were interchangable and 
that the person most available at the 
time performed the necessary task 
such as assisting a patient back to bed 
or holding a crying infant. It was diffi 
cult to identify the various categories 
of personnel since all wore the same 
uniform a white smock over street 
clothes and a white "surgeon s hat." 
Also, the majority of personnel in the 
health services are women, which adds 
to the identification problem. About 70 
to 75 percent of the doctors, the ma 
jority of the feldshers, and all of the 
nurses are women. 

Staffing of medical services 

Three categories of workers provide 
health care : the upper medical workers, 
which include physicians and stomoto- 
logists (dentists); the middle medical 
workers, which include the nurse, 
feldshers, and midwives; and the lower 
medical workers, who act as assistants 
to the middle medical worker. 

The staffing patterns of hospitals 
oblast, rayon, uchastock, polyclinics, 
etc. are determined by special re 
search and laid down in regulations 
by the Central Health Ministry in 
Moscow. However, each hospital is 
permitted to have more personnel in 
various categories, provided the request 
is justifiable. We were told that addi 
tional staff could be requested from the 
personnel office of the appropriate 
institutions at any time. The ratio of 
staff to patients varies according to the 
severity of illness and the age group. 
For example, the ratio is more favor 



able in units for acutely ill children 
than in units for convalescents. In a 
children s hospital the ratio may be 
one nurse to 6, 8, or 12 patients, and 
in a convalescent unit, one to 25. 
Doctors, too, are on the wards full 
time. 

Everyone works 

The Trade Union carefully regulates 
the hours of work for each citizen. The 
total work week is usually 41 hours 
with additional remuneration provided 
for overtime. 

Usually a hospital department has 
two shifts of nurses who work a six 
and one-half hour day; however they 
may work up to 12 hours. In some 
institutions, a nurse may work for 24 
hours and then be off duty for the 
next two days. 

Everyone in the USSR has both the 
obligation to work as well as the right 
to work. Unlike the situation in most 
countries represented at the Seminar, 
the Soviet nurses work for their normal 
span of years regardless of family 
status. They are allowed maternity 
leave of 56 days prior to and 56 days 
following the delivery of a child, and 
their children are cared for in creches 
or by relatives. 

Each health worker is required to 
work where she is assigned for the 
first three years after graduation. After 
this she may move to a hospital of her 
choice, but her freedom of movement 
is somewhat controlled by various 
methods. Following the three years of 
work in the assigned area, usually in 
a rural part of the country, nurses 
specialize in various fields such as diet 
therapy, physiotherapy, electrocardio- 
graphy, operating room assistant, phar 
macy assistant, etc. Indeed, it is cus 
tomary for her to continue with spe 
cialization, but she usually has the right 
to choose the specialty she will pursue. 
Thus, there is not a proliferation of 
professions or occupations in hospitals, 
but rather one profession with various 
degrees of specialization. 

"Bolshoi spasibo" 

Throughout our whole tour, both in 
FEBRUARY 1967 



the hospitals and ministries, the warm, 
friendly hospitality overwhelmed us. 
We quickly learned to say "spasibo" 
for thank you; however, because of the 
abundant hospitality, we asked our in 
terpreters for a word that expressed 
more than that, and soon progressed 
to "bolshoi spasibo." At every institu 
tion we were greeted in a room that 
had tables filled with cut-glass com 
potes of grapes and apples. Candies, 
booklets, and small broaches that de 
picted their famous men were distribut 
ed freely. Before we left, the nurses 
always came to our transport with a 
bouquet of flowers for each of us. 

The hospital visits usually began 
with greetings from the chief doctor 
and chief nurse. With the portable si 
multaneous translation equipment and 
six interpreters, the language barrier 
almost disappeared. Following intro 
ductions, we toured the departments 
and were able to ask questions and re 
ceive answers "on the spot." 

The size of departments and number 
of rooms depended on the nature of the 
hospital. In general, the patient settings 
were not unlike those in many Cana 
dian hospitals except, in the hospitals 
we toured, the patients beds were 
closer together. Usually five beds rather 
than three or four occupied a ward. 

The wards were very white: white 
beds, white linen, white walls. The doc 
tors and nurses all wore white hats and 
gowns over their street clothes. Some 
times we, too, donned the white gown 
and hat. The patients appeared to be 
well cared for and we sensed a warm 
relationship between them and the staff. 
In particular, we noted the very sensi 
tive care provided for sick children. In 
the children s hospital more color was 
used and there was a less regimented 
appearance. 

The operating rooms, polyclinics, 
and other health services had a physi 
cal appearance not unlike those in Ca 
nada, even though the categories of 
workers and their relationships were 
different. 

The nurses in each department of 
the hospitals worked under the direc 
tion of the physician and as his assis- 

FEBRUARY 1967 



tant. The doctor generally carried out 
all medical procedures, including blood 
transfusions, intravenous and intramus 
cular injections. 

A typical school of nursing 

What are the schools of nursing like 
in Russia? My visit to one of the 
middle medical schools gave me some 
insight. After a very warm greeting and 
a lecture by the director, a woman 
physician, we toured the school. 

The classrooms were bright and 
cheerful and the nursing students look 
ed young and lively. As we went from 
room to room we saw them practicing 
procedures procedures proce 
dures. In the first classroom they were 
practicing bandaging, and they all look 
ed so attractive even with the bandaged 
eyes, limbs and bodies. They had on 
clean white sm6cks over street clothes 
and white caps. I went over to speak 
to a small group without an interpreter. 
"Pajolsta," I said and they knew it 
meant "please." It was one of the few 
Russian words I knew and I was mere 
ly trying to comment. However, they 
unwrapped the bandages and put them 
on all over again. They were tickled 
when I tried to speak in Russian from 
my Guide Book. The interpreter came 
to my rescue, but I refused. "Bolshoi 
spasibo." Nurses do not need interpre 
ters in these situations. 

But there were more than nurses 
being prepared in this middle medical 
school. Feldshers, midwives, children s 
nurses, laboratory technicians, and 
other health personnel also attend this 
school to receive their training. 

The education of these workers, as 
for all workers, is free. The Ministry of 
Public Health in the USSR has a De 
partment of Medical Education that 
deals with all matters pertaining to 
every level of health worker education. 
The Minister is responsible for plan 
ning and approving the curriculum, 
which is uniform for all 630 schools in 
the 15 constituent republics. Each of 
the republics has its own Minister of 
Health who is responsible for supervi 
sion and guidance at the local level. 



However, the Central Ministry in Mos 
cow retains the function of inspection 
of the educational program as well as 
revision of the curriculum. 

There are more than 330,000 
students in the 630 middle medical 
schools, with the largest percentage 
being prepared as nurses. The length of 
the educational program for nurses de 
pends on the student s educational 
background. For example, if the stu 
dent has 8 years of schooling (incom 
plete secondary education), the length 
of the course is 2 years and 10 months; 
if she has 10 years of schooling (com 
plete secondary education), the course 
is 1 year and 10 months. 

Courses taught by physicians 

Physicians administer the middle 
medical schools and teach all the nurs 
ing subjects. Although no nurses are on 
the staff of the middle medical schools, 
they sometimes supervise students in 
the clinical field. General education 
subjects, offered to those with incom 
plete secondary education, are taught 
by general education personnel. 

One middle medical school that we 
visited prepares 1,200 students, of 
whom 780 are nurses. This ratio is 
fairly common for all middle medical 
schools throughout the Soviet Union. 

The teachers are physicians, but do 
not have special advanced preparation 
in pedagogy. Instead, committees on 
methods of teaching are formed to im 
prove the method and quality of the 
educational program in the schools. 
The teachers at the middle medical 
schools are usually on the medical staff 
of a nearby hospital where students 
obtain their clinical experience. They 
keep current on new medical advances 
by attending the Institute for Advanced 
Medical Studies where special courses 
are available. 

Recruitment not a problem 

At the present time, recruitment of 
students into nursing is not a problem. 
We were told that to expand the USSR 
health programs to the desired level, 
a larger number of nurses and other 
medical personnel is required. Last 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 




32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



year, 107,000 students were admitted 
and 120,000 admissions are planned 
for this year. The teachers from middle 
medical schools visit secondary schools 
to talk about nursing as a career, and 
prospective students are invited to 
"open door days" at middle medical 
schools. When students visit the middle 
medical schools, the teachers explain 
the program and the opportunities 
available. Married students with or 
without children are permitted to enter 
the school and those who become preg 
nant are given academic leave. There 
are no student organizations, but stu 
dents have the option of becoming 
members of a trade union. This mem 
bership offers many advantages and 
almost 95 percent of the students join 
during their first year. 

Curriculum set by educators 

Unlike Canada, where the control 
of educational programs is centered in 
service agencies, the program of in 
struction in the USSR is prepared by 
an educational board of the Ministry of 
Public Health. Members of this board 
are experienced and highly skilled spe 
cialists. They meet periodically to re 
vise the common curriculum and the 
academic program for the middle med 
ical schools throughout the consti 
tuent republics. This board also out 
lines the ways in which the curriculum 
should be implemented, prescribes the 
textbooks to be used, and selects the 
authors to write the textbooks. 

The following pattern is used for 
all schools of nursing throughout the 
country. Each year is divided into two 
semesters. The first semester begins 
September 1 and lasts until January 
11; the second begins January 26 and 
lasts until July 5. All students have 
winter vacation from January 12 to 25, 
and summer vacation from July 6 to 
August 31. The students have a 35- 
hour week and a 6-hour day. This time 
may be spent on theory, practice or 
visits, depending on the level of the 
student in the educational program. 

The curriculum is divided into three 
cycles: cycle one is devoted entirely 
to general education; cycle two, to 

FEBRUARY 1967 



general medical subjects, as well as to 
anatomy, physiology, pharmacology 
and biology; and cycle three, to the 
special or clinical subjects, which in 
clude general care of patients, surgical 
diseases, obstetrics and gynecology, 
children s diseases, eye diseases, etc. 
The total planned hours of the curricu 
lum are 3,774, of which 2,516 are 
devoted to classwork and 1,228 to 
practical experience. 

The objective of the course for the 
preparation of nurses is "to train future 
nurses in the tending of patients and 
in medical skills." A review of the 
curriculum and observations made dur 
ing visits at middle medical schools 
revealed that the educational program 
is disease and procedure-centered, with 
emphasis placed on medical equipment. 
Diseases and health teaching are em 
phasized. Only a very small portion of 
the outline stresses the practice of 
nursing as an art and a skill. 

At the completion of the basic edu 
cational program, students write State 
examinations. Successful candidates re 
ceive a diploma of certification and 
are then assigned to a place of em 
ployment for three years. The top 5 
percent in any graduating class are en 
couraged to proceed to the higher med 
ical institutes to become doctors 
and the majority do. The remainder 
of the students who complete the three- 
year assignment may, until they are 30 
years of age, apply to the higher medi 
cal institutes to become doctors. 

Often we were told during the Tra 
velling Seminar that the goal of most 
middle medical workers, including 
nurses, is to become a physician, be 
cause "nurses conduct medical treat 
ments and apply medical equipment 
only in accordance with prescriptions 
and instructions of the physician in 
charge of the patient." 

Unlike the Canadian system, all stu 
dents attending middle medical schools 
live at home or in special apartments. 
The only exception to this is when the 
middle medical schools are located in 
the far north or where the homes of 
the students are a long distance from 
the school. 



A window in the iron curtain 

Although the program was very full 
with little time for relaxation, we man 
aged to squeeze in a swim in the Black 
Sea. The same night we packed for the 
twelfth time and returned to Moscow 
to complete our assignment. On the 
next night, our last in Moscow, the 
Ministry planned a dinner party for us. 
After the party, a companion and I 
walked up Gorky Street to the Red 
Square. I shall never forget the beauty 
of the moment when we looked through 
the falling snow across the Square. 
There were the beautiful cathedrals 
with their gold bubble domes accen 
tuated by the soft flood lights. I looked 
over to Gums Department Store where 
we had struggled in queues to make 
small purchases, then back to Lenin s 
tomb with the young soldiers standing 
stiffly on guard. Then, into my view 
came the gilded crescent and the five 
pointed red stars of the Kremlin, muted 
now by the falling snow. I could feel 
the past and the future there, but main 
ly the throbbing of the present. 

We turned and trudged back to our 
hotel. We hardly spoke. I was thinking 
of all we had done and seen in the 
past month, the nurses and doctors we 
had met, and how committed they were 
and how far they had come in so rela 
tively short a time. I realized that they 
were very much like all of us going 
out to work each day, coming home 
each night, and living their lives much 
as we do. 

Those of us in the first Travelling 
Seminar on Nursing in the USSR re 
turned to our native lands with many 
different impressions. We all agreed, 
however, that it had been a rewarding 
and exciting professional and personal 
experience. For us there are now win 
dows in the Iron Curtain. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 






Estrogen replacement therapy 
at menopause 



The average woman outlives her ovaries by 25 years. Estrogen from the corner 
drug store will correct this deficiency more naturally than 
tranquilizers and psychotherapy. 



Donald C. McEwen, M.D., F.R.C.S. (C), F.R.C.O.G., F.A.C.O.C. 



John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in his in 
augural address, challenged the 1960 s. 
He called on a new generation to find 
better solutions for old problems in a 
rapidly changing world. In medicine, 
a steroid revolution became one of 
the fascinating developments of this 
decade as two new freedoms, closely 
allied, reached fulfillment for many 
women: freedom from undesired preg 
nancy and freedom from premature 
old age. 

The impact of oral contraception 
on our generation needs little com 
ment. Ten million women throughout 
the world now use these estrogcn-pro- 
gestogen combinations for ovulation 
control and/or therapeutic purposes. 
Their safety and effectiveness have 
been repeatedly demonstrated by in 
numerable government agencies and 
concerned medical investigators. Minor 
problems, experienced by a small per 
centage of patients, capture dramatic 
newspaper and magazine discussion; 
for the "pill" causes symptoms similar 
to those of pregnancy, and with about 
the same frequency. Variations in the 
chemical structure and dosage of the 
constituent steroids will evolve; but 
oral contraceptives are here to stay, 
and doctors and patients, politicians 
and sociologists must now adjust to 
their astonishing role in modern so 
ciety. 

Most oral contraceptives inhibit 
normal pituitary ovarian function, so 
that these medications substitute for 
circulating steroids usually obtained 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



from normal ovarian function. It is 
not widely appreciated that in pre 
scribing these agents, a doctor creates 
ovarian deficiency and, paradoxically, 
treats it at the same time; for with 
treatment, ovarian function becomes 
one of suspended animation. 

Some doctors, willing to prescribe 
these powerful drugs to young women 
with normal ovaries, remain reluctant 
to offer similar hormones to women 
suffering from true ovarian deficiency, 
a result of normal aging, congenital 
insufficiency, disease, surgery, or ra 
diotherapy. Little attention was paid 
to the menopause in medical school. 
Most doctors were taught that the 
menopause was a natural phenomenon, 
hormone treatment potentially danger 
ous and one to be condemned from 
a long-term point of view. 

The concept of ovarian deficiency 
as a medical entity is, however, gain 
ing recognition. If it is a valid clinical 
condition, one in every three women 
alive is a victim to a greater or lesser 
degree. Ovarian senescence may be 
rapid or gradual; but the result is the 
same. Estrogen blood levels decline, 
ovulation does not occur, and pro 
gesterone is not elaborated. The meno 
pause, or failure of menstruation, oc 
curs when these hormones are insuf 
ficient to ripen endometrial tissue. The 
Dr. McEwen, a graduate of the University climacteric encompasses a wider span 




of Manitoba, is an Obstetrician and Gyne 
cologist in Calgary, Alberta. He is on the 



from the time ovarian function falters 
until that occasion when total failure 



staff of the Calgary General, Grace, Rocky- occurs, usually about age 60. Ovarian 



view, and the Holy Cross Hospitals. 



dysfunction is a frequent occurrence 
FEBRUARY 1967 



after the age of 35, so many women 
will suffer ovarian deficiency or im 
balance for half their lifetime. 

Symptoms of menopause 

Symptoms suggesting an impending 
menopause are well known. The hot 
flush, usually the first symptom, is a 
sudden sensation of heat in the upper 
part of the body often associated with 
a patchy redness of the skin. Perspira 
tion and a feeling of chilliness may 
follow. Hot flushes seem to be more 
common with increased heat produc 
tion (stress, exercise, a hot room) or 
when heat loss is impaired (sultry 
weather, heavy bedclothes). Sleep is 
frequently disturbed and insomnia be 
comes a common complaint. 

Pituitary overaction may cause the 
hot flush as gonadotropin levels rise 
to stimulate estrogen production from 
aging, unresponsive ovaries. It may be 
due to fluctuating levels of estrogen. 
Excessive production of other pituitary 
tropic hormones results in an increas 
ed stimulation of adrenal, thyroid and 
pancreatic glands, resulting in further 
systemic disturbance. 

Fatigue, depression, and emotional 
instability may be unusually trouble 
some at this time. Such symptoms may 
be sensitive barometers of estrogen 
deficiency, or may be a reflection of 
pituitary hypothalamic turmoil, or be 
simply manifestations of environmen 
tal emotional influence (husband, fami 
ly or social upheaval). 

The signs and long-term effects of 
estrogen deficiency are much more sig 
nificant. The major physical hazards 
are degeneration and atrophy of uro- 
genital tract and breasts, blood vessels 
and bones; but the whole body is af 
fected by a lack of estrogen. Aging 
may be accelerated and joie de vivre 
disturbed, modified from patient to 
patient by variations in the degree of 
ovarian failure, individual sensitivity 
to estrogen deprivation, the patient s 
emotional strength, called motivation, 
her ability to handle stress, and the 
infinite vicissitudes of life. 

Atherosclerosis 

Until the menopause, women are 
FEBRUARY 1967 



relatively immune to coronary artery 
disease, but thereafter become more 
susceptible. Many observations have 
been made on the effects of castration 
on atherosclerosis. Castrated young 
women have rates of arterial disease 
similar to men of the same age. Re 
moval of ovaries at hysterectomy 
brings about a fourfold increase in the 
degree of coronary artery degeneration 
when compared to women whose ova 
ries are left. Replacement therapy with 
estrogen lessens this risk in women. 
In controlled studies of men who had 
coronary infarction or strokes, the use 
of natural estrogens produced signifi 
cantly longer survival and reduced the 
occurrence of secondary occlusive epi 
sodes. Long-term studies exploring 
these possibilities continue to excite 
medical investigators. 

At present, the lesson is quite clear. 
Normal ovaries should be retained at 
the time of hysterectomy and replace 
ment ovarian therapy is strongly indi 
cated for those patients who show 
evidence of hypertension or cardio 
vascular degeneration. 

Osteoporosis 

Postmenopausal osteoporosis of va 
rying degrees occurs in practically all 
women. The degree of mineral loss 
is directly related to the severity of 
ovarian failure and the elapsed time 
of estrogen depletion from all body 
sources. This is an insidious, overlook 
ed, and sometimes crippling disease. It 
may manifest itself clinically by low 
back pain from even minor trauma, 
shortening of stature, or dorsal kypho- 
sis (dowager s hump). Loss of density 
of bones by roentgenograms is a late 
sign. Elderly women fill our orthopedic 
wards with fractured hips, and many 
more who pass through the later stages 
of life suffer much distress from back 
and pelvic degeneration. Men do not 
suffer this affliction with any signifi 
cant frequency. 

The cause of osteoporosis remains 
debatable; but the consensus of opinion 
suggests it is due to increased bone 
resorption resulting from long con 
tinued negative calcium balance. 

Estrogens taken orally constitute 



the most effective and universally ac 
cepted treatment of osteoporosis, asso 
ciated with physiotherapy to restore 
maximum physical activity, and dietary 
regimens to supply sufficient minerals, 
and to keep patients in positive nitro 
gen balance. 

Genital atrophy 

It is estrogen that brings about the 
metamorphosis of a girl to a woman, 
stimulating breasts and genital tract 
and the whole body to maturity. It is 
the withdrawal of estrogen at the time 
of ovarian failure that reverses this 
process. Resorption of fat and loss of 
elastic tissue make breasts and external 
genitalia smaller and less full. The 
vulva becomes thin, irritable, and often 
itchy. The vagina and uterus become 
small and atrophic, supporting struct 
ures weaken, and genital prolapse is 
a frequent consequence. Urinary tract 
tissues share this estrogen dependency, 
and urinary dysfunction manifests by 
urgency, frequency, and urinary infec 
tions. Stress incontinence also may be 
part of a common and stubborn defi 
ciency syndrome. 

There is, therefore, considerable 
evidence that estrogen is protective to 
the mature woman, her cardiovascular 
system, bones, genital tract, joints, 
skin, and possibly every tissue in her 
body. Estrogen offers protection against 
psychological involution, apathy and 
negativism. The logical conclusion 
must be that adequate estrogen levels 
should, if possible, be maintained in 
women; that estrogen throughout a 
whole lifetime offers hope for positive 
health. 

Clinical study of ovarian deficiency 

For the past three years this con 
cept has been explored in some depth. 
By September 1966, 777 women with 
symptoms and signs of ovarian defi 
ciency of varying degrees were consi 
dered for supplemental or replacement 
estrogen therapy. Thousands of pa 
tients appeared in other doctors of 
fices as the potentialities of this therapy 
became known throughout the female 
population .These neglected women in 
dicated in the only way possible their 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 






personal concern and disenchantment 
for traditional treatment of the meno 
pause. 

A variety of treatment schedules 
to manage different clinical situations 
and to individualize patient needs is 
essential. These can be broken down 
into two simple types: treatment for 
the patient whose uterus has been re 
moved, and treatment for the patient 
whose uterus is intact. 

1. The patient whose uterus has 
been removed: These patients simply 
require sufficient daily estrogen to 
achieve maximum well-being and re 
store vaginal maturation indices to 
normal. A progestogen alone or com 
bined with added estrogen may be 
added for five days a month for ba 
lance; but this is not essential, for en- 
dometrial shedding is not required. The 
metabolic action and biological need 
of progesterone-like steroids remain 
obscure and ill-defined at the present 
time. 

Natural estrogens (conjugated estro 
gens, equine), marketed as Premarin, 
are preferred as the selected estrogen, 
being well-tolerated, effective, and 
uniquely beneficial in the treatment 
and prevention of atherosclerosis. 

2. The patient whose uterus is in 
tact: Most patients who have not had 
hysterectomy fall into four groups: 
age 35-50 (perimenopausal); age 50-60 
(menopausal); age 60-70; and age 70 
upward. 

Age 35-50 (perimenopausal): 

If ovulation control is desired, one 
of the combined or sequential estrogen- 
progestogen packets will fulfill treat 
ment purposes. Individualization is 
essential. The combined tabulation is 
indicated where menorrhagia has been 
a problem to reduce both the duration 
and quantity of bleeding. The sequen 
tial package is preferred where there 
has been gross disturbance of the 
menstrual cycle, particularly if bleed 
ing has been scant or painful. 

If ovulation control is not impor 
tant, natural estrogens (conjugated es 
trogens, equine) are useful and well- 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



tolerated, and are prescribed from 
Day 1 to Day 21 of each cycle. One 
of the combined tabulations completes 
therapy from Day 22 to Day 26 to in 
duce medical curettage on Day 28. 
This cycle can be easily modified for 
convenience by shortening or prolong 
ing the estrogen phase. 

Age 50-60 (menopausal): 

The patient with gross ovarian de 
ficiency, as indicated by failure of 
menstruation, hot flushes or other 
symptoms and signs of the menopause, 
requires sufficient daily estrogen to 
satisfy her needs as determined by 
relief of symptoms and, helpfully, but 
less important, by the vaginal cyto- 
gram. Once this has been accomplish 
ed with the use of conjugated estro 
gens, (equine 0.625 mg. to 2.50 mg. 
daily), medical curettage is induced 
monthly with one of the combined es 
trogens and progestogens* in doses of 
0.5 mg. to 2 mg. of the progestogen 
for 5 to 10 days, in addition to the 
basic daily therapy with natural estro 
gens. The dosage and duration of this 
medical curettage regimen is indivi 
dualized after a few months according 
to the patient s behavior, the length 
and amount of menstrual flow, well- 
being, etc. 

Patients are allowed to decide the 
day of their menstrual flow by simple 
instructions; menses will occur two to 
three days following cessation of the 
medical curettage tablets. The menstru 
al flow should be scant, short, and 
without significant distress. There 
however if intermenstrual bleeding 
after the first two months of therapy; 
however if inter-menstrual bleeding 
occurs, diagnostic curettage is indi 
cated particularly if the bleeding does 
not respond to increased estrogen dos 
age. 



* Mestranol 0.1 mg. and ethynodiol diace- 
tate, .5 mg., 1 mg. (Ovulen), and 2 mg. (Me- 
trulen) were used in 55 percent of patients 
in this series, and were supplied by G.D. 
Searle and Company of Canada. 



Age 60-70: 

After the age of 60, the production of 
endogenous male hormone subsides to 
low levels. If continued menstruation 
is objectionable, the regimen may now 
be changed to one of a combined es 
trogen and androgen tablet for cycles 
of 25 days a month. The patient s well- 
being, a positive nitrogen balance, and 
adequate vaginal cornification indices 
are maintained. Menstrual function 
comes to an end, although in some 
patients slight withdrawal bleeding may 
occur when therapy is interrupted. 

Age 70 upward: 

Small amounts of estrogen, andro 
gen and geriatric vitamins given in 
combined tabulation for 25 days a 
month have been found most useful 
to maintain vigorous old age, with 
local estrogens given vaginally for uro- 
genital integrity. 

Such regimens allow easy individual- 
ization of each patient. The objective 
of this program is to extend middle 
age for women by 10 years, and, there 
after, to supply supportive anabolic 
steroids into old age. Sufficient ex 
perience has now been obtained to in 
dicate that this can be accomplished 
with few treatment problems. Such 
therapy appears safe, inexpensive and 
rewarding in its physical and emotional 
benefits. The basic concept of treat 
ment is similar to the use of thyroid in 
myxedema, or insulin in diabetes mel- 
litus. 

Discussion 

If there is a need for lifelong estro 
gen, and if treatment is easy, what then 
are the usual arguments against such 
therapy? 

Estrogen-Cancer Relationship 

No convincing proof that estrogen 
has caused cancer in a human being 
has ever been established, in spite of 
a widespread feeling among some doc 
tors and some laity that the opposite is 
true. Cancer of the breast is more 
treacherous in pregnancy when estro 
gen excretion levels are extremely high; 
but this association is rare, having an 
incidence of about three breast cancers 

FEBRUARY 1967 



in 10,000 pregnancies. In endometrial 
cancer, there may be evidence of a 
long-standing estrogen influence, and 
this lesion occurs with increased fre 
quency in association with estrogen- 
producing tumors of the ovary, and in 
ovarian polycystic disease (Stein-Levin- 
thal syndrome). This association does 
not indicate any definite carcinogenic 
relationship, but likely reflects an ab 
sence of progestational medical cu- 
rettage, for cyclic menstruation is na 
ture s method of endometrial deter- 
gence. 

The rarity of cancer in women with 
normal ovarian function, the insigni 
ficant number of reported cases of 
breast or genital cancer in women 
taking birth control pills or other es 
trogen therapy, the absence of experi 
mental evidence that estrogen incites 
cancer, suggest there is little signifi 
cant estrogen-cancer relationship. 

Continuing Menstruation 

Menstrual function is not a pleasant 
phenomenon. A waste of time, messy, 
expensive, often uncomfortable, it is 
understandable that, for most women, 
the menopause offers welcome relief 
after about 400 monthly cycles, less 
the normal interruptions of pregnancy 
and lactation. 

But menstruation is an excellent 
monitor of ovarian and uterine func 
tion. Normal cyclic menstruation is a 
reassuring indication that physiological 
replacement ovarian therapy has been 
achieved. Women with ovarian de 
ficiency obtain maximum benefit if 
normal estrogen-progestogen levels of 
these hormones are created. A 
natural consequence will be menstrua 
tion. This is accepted by most patients 
in the 50 to 60 age group when its 
significance is discussed. These women 
consider menstruation a small price 
to pay for relief from menopausal 
symptoms, with the additional pos 
sibility of delayed aging of many vital 
organs and functions. 

Expense 

Replacement ovarian therapy costs 
between $15.00 and $50.00 per year, 
depending on the steroids selected and 

FEBRUARY 1967 



the desired replacement. Cigarets cost 
$150.00 a year; weekly hairdressing 
averages $200.00. This therapy must 
be considered inexpensive in any com 
parative study with clothes, cosmetics, 
alcohol or travel. 

Tampering with Nature 

This argument is the most superficial 
of all. Doctors, nurses, and the healing 
professions generally, wage a constant 
battle against nature s hazards. Anes 
thesia, modern surgery, antibiotics, 
blood transfusions, immunization, and 
pasteurization are examples of tamper 
ing with nature. And who would argue 
against their use? The person who be 
lieves that the menopause is a natural 
process defies nature every day by 
wearing clothes, eating foods or driving 
cars. Modern man flies against gravity 
and sends rockets to the moon. 

Nature has fallen behind medical 
progress, for the average woman will 
outlive her ovaries by 25 years. 
Estrogen from the corner drugstore 
will correct this deficiency more natur 
ally than tranquilizers and psycho 
therapy. 

What About Men? 

The argument that there are already 
too many elderly women and widows 
in the world, and the question "What is 
to be done for men?" is much more 
pertinent. Doctors interested in this 
concept for women are concerned with 
adding abundance rather than years to 
life. In men, male hormones, hyper 
tension, and atherosclerosis are bad 
associates, particularly when linked 
with the stress of the market place, 
unfulfilled ambition, cigaret smoking, 
obesity, and lack of physical fitness. 
These influences become complicated 
when assessed individually. Generally, 
to the extent that a menopausal wife 
can, with hormones, enjoy a fulfilled 
middle age, men can approach the 50 s 
certain that their wives will remain 
feminine emotionally, physically, 
and sexually down the road of life. 
It is hoped that this may be a strong 
influence on longevity as the other 
problems of male aging are studied and 
conquered. 



Summary 

The case for lifelong estrogen for 
women has been discussed. Experience 
in studying 777 women who have been 
assessed for this treatment suggests 
overwhelming acceptance of the basic 
concept. There is need for wide appli 
cation of its potential benefits to the 
millions of women suffering actively 
or passively from ovarian deficiency, 
particularly after the menopause. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 






Estrogen and the 
menopause 



Estrogens are by no means a panacea for all the problems of aging in women. 
They must be used knowledgeably and not simply as a tonic. 



Jean Blanchet, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.S. (C) 



A wealth of articles recommending 
the use of estrogen both before and 
after the menopause have appeared in 
the literature of the medical and para 
medical professions for several years 
now. Some authors have even sug 
gested cyclic administration of an es 
trogen-progesterone combination de 
signed to restore a menstrual pattern 
in the menopausal woman. Whether 
or not the woman herself is desirous 
of such a result would appear to be 
a legitimate question. As one outcome 
of this literary deluge, many persons 
have wondered about and questioned 
the value of estrogens as a sort of 
legendary Fountain of Youth able to 
rejuvenate anyone who bathes in its 
waters. 

Two distinct philosophies can be 
gleaned from the mass of literary opin 
ion on the subject of the menopause 
in general. On the one side we have 
those who consider the menopause as 
an illness and consequently believe that 
the climacteric woman should receive 
compensatory hormonal therapy in 
definitely, however minor her symp 
toms. On the other side are those who 
view the menopause as a period of 
physiological adjustment or adaptation 
to a new phase of life and who reserve 
hormonal therapy for the woman who 
exhibits estrogen deficiency. This phil 
osophy represents the thinking of the 
majority of medical writers. 

In this article the indications for 
and methods of estrogen administra- 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Dr. Blanchet is on the obstetrical and gyne 
cological service of The Montreal General 
Hospital. 

tion will be discussed and, by out 
lining the various precautions and 
contraindications involved, it will be 
shown why hormonal therapy should 
not be used routinely or indefinitely 
in all women of menopausal age. 

Artificial menopause 

A distinction must first be drawn 
between natural and induced meno 
pause. Young women who have un 
dergone bilateral oophorectomies or 
radiation castration necessarily re 
quire special consideration. Compen 
satory estrogen therapy is definitely in 
dicated to offset the sudden and almost 
total suppression of estrogen forma 



tion by the body, and subsequent 
premature aging. 

Natural menopause 

The menopausal phenomenon oc 
curring as an outcome of natural ova 
rian failure shows considerable varia 
tion from one woman to another. Vagi 
nal smears taken several years after on 
set show only minor estrogen deficiency 
in most women examined. Medical 
writers are in general agreement that 
only 15 to 25 percent of menopausal 
patients have symptoms that warrant 
hormonal therapy. In actual fact, only 
the hot flushes experienced by the 
climacteric woman are directly due to 
hormonal deficiency. Other symptoms 
such as depression, anxiety, and in 
somnia are temporary manifestations 
of psychological problems. The me 
nopause is essentially a physiological 
process which is only occasionally as 
sociated with a hormonal deficiency. 
Compensatory therapy is indicated 
only for those women who show mark 
ed symptoms of this deficiency. 

Diagnosis 

The estrogen-deficient menopausal 
patient is easily recognized by a his 
tory of hot flushes, night sweats, leu- 
corrhea, bloody vaginal discharge, as 
the result of a vaginitis or atrophic 
cervicitis. Cytology results confirm the 
suspicion with the finding of a low 
percentage of cornified cells. The 
atrophic vaginal mucosa shows an 

FEBRUARY 1967 



abundance of immature and parabasal 
cells. Cytology has become part of 
routine examination. It is easily per 
formed and can be carried out as 
readily in the doctor s office as in 
the laboratory. 

Clinical signs 

Laboratory and clinical findings de 
monstrate the result of hypoestrinism. 
There is atrophy of the secondary 
sexual characteristics and of the sexual 
organs, with senile vaginitis. Excessive 
activity of the anterior hypophysis is 
manifested by hot flushes and night 
sweats. Metabolic changes occur with 
associated hypercholesterolemia, athe 
rosclerosis and hypertension. Osteo 
porosis may develop as well. 

Hormonal therapy 

Women who experience acute, in 
tractable vasomotor disorders that do 
not respond to symptomatic therapy 
are candidates for estrogen therapy 
until their symptoms disappear. Osteo 
porosis and atherosclerosis are the two 
conditions to be feared in those pa 
tients suffering from acute estrogen 
deficiency either at the time of the 
menopause or later. Osteoporosis of 
the spinal column may appear as late 
as five years after the onset of the 
menopause. Backache is the usual 
complaint characterizing this condition 
although spontaneous fractures may 
occur as the process continues. Radio 
logical examination is necessary to 
confirm the presence of osteoporosis. 
Hormonal therapy can slow down and 
even prevent further degenerative 
changes while the patient s energy, 
strength and general sense of well- 
being are augmented. 

Atherosclerosis, with its attendant 
threat of myocardial infarction and 
hypertension, most commonly affects 
males rather than young women. How 
ever, the incidence tends to become 
the same for both sexes after the age 
of 60 if the woman shows signs and 
symptoms of hypoestrinism. About 20 
to 25 percent of patients require com 
pensatory hormonal therapy. Cyclical 
administration of estrogens has a 
preventive function in this instance. 

Estrogens should be administered 
cyclically, simulating the physiological 
release of hormone by the body for 
example, three weeks administration 
followed by one week s rest. This 
pattern avoids continual stimulation of 
the endometrium with its attendant 
dangers: hyperplasia and neoplasia. 
The smallest effective dose is the 
maximum dose that should be used. 

Duration of treatment is governed 
by clinical response and evidence of 
maturation of the vaginal tract. Theo 
retically a patient can be treated in- 

FEBRUARY 1967 



definitely but as a general rule this is 
unnecessary. 

Complications 

Estrogen administration, especially 
in. synthetic form, is accompanied by 
nausea and vomiting in a certain 
number of patients. A weaker dose 
or the use of natural estrogens fre 
quently overcomes the difficulty. The 
main problem for the woman with 
an intact uterus is vaginal bleeding. 
Investigation to rule out the possibility 
of organic etiology is indicated, other 
wise a decrease in the dosage of es 
trogen or the addition of androgens 
frequently eliminates this complication. 
Such bleeding is always a source of 
anxiety and should never be treated 
lightly. 

Contraindications 

A careful assessment of the patient s 
physical state should precede the de 
cision to prescribe estrogen therapy. 
A past history of breast cancer or 
cancer of the genital tract precludes 
estrogen administration. The presence 
of carcinogens in this hormone has 
not been proven but laboratory find 
ings and the clinical effects observed 
in relation to breast cancer indicate 
the need for extreme caution. Patients 
with a history of cardiac failure must 
also be excluded from such treatment. 
Any patient who complains of menor- 
rhagia or metrorrhagia at the time of 
or after the menopause should have 
complete medical investigation in 
cluding gynecological examination, va 
ginal cytology, and, in many instances, 
uterine curettage to rule out the pres 
ence of other disease entities. 

Estrogens are contraindicated in 
the presence of jaundice or hepatic 
dysfunction. Liver function tests are 
recommended even in the absence of 
overt symptoms. Most doctors hesitate 
to prescribe estrogens if the patient 
has had thrombo-embolism or is suf 
fering form thrombophlebitis or vari 
cose veins. They exercise great caution 
if there is evidence of cardiac or renal 
disease, hypertension, epilepsy, or 
asthma. The possible effects of hor 
monal administration on calcium and 
phosphorus metabolism must not be 
overlooked in those patients demons 
trating irregularities in metabolism of 
these substances. 

The development of severe head 
ache, impaired vision, migraine, di- 
plopia, or any other neuro-ophthalmo- 
logical condition requires immediate 
withdrawal of estrogen therapy. The 
same procedure applies if changes in 
the visual field, retinal hemorrhage or 
papillary edema are detected. 

In the case of the diabetic patient, 
estrogen therapy may alter insulin 



requirements. The woman who has had 
an earlier psychiatric problem, par 
ticularly a depressive state, must be 
carefully supervised throughout her 
course of therapy. Any indication of 
recurrence of the psychiatric condition 
requires immediate cessation of hor 
monal therapy. 

Non-hormonal therapy 

About 75 to 80 percent of meno- 
pausal women retain an adequate pro 
duction of estrogens as has been 
proven by vaginal cytology; either the 
ovaries are not totally atrophied or 
estrogen production is taken over 
by the adrenal glands. Explanation 
and reassurance are two of the great 
est aids to these patients with occa 
sional recourse to light sedation or 
mild doses of tranquilizers. 

Conclusion 

The successful management of the 
menopausal syndrome calls for good 
sense, sympathy, and patience. Com 
plete opposition to the use of hor 
monal therapy is as much to be de 
plored as empirical administration to 
every menopausal patient. The latter 
philosophy seems particularly unjus 
tified when it is remembered that less 
than one-quarter of menopausal 
women exhibit signs and svmptoms of 
hvpoestrinism. The administration of 
hormones must be undertaken thought 
fully, ?nd carefully supervised as the 
foregoing consideration of contraindi 
cations to hormonal therapy and the 
precautions to be taken has indicated. 

n 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



Nurse and pharmacist 
partners 

The mutual responsibilities of pharmacy and nursing in drug distribution. 



Jack L. Summers 



Drug distribution may be described 
as the procedure by which a drug gets 
from outside of the hospital to the 
inside of the patient, with the primary 
object of getting the right drug into 
the right patient at the right time. 

The total process involves the phy 
sician, the nurse, the pharmacist, and 
the patient. The physician plans the 
course of drug therapy and evaluates 
its results, the pharmacist dispenses 
the required drugs, the nurse adminis 
ters them, and the patient, in most 
cases, accepts them with trusting re 
signation. But this statement is an 
oversimplification for in the modern 
hospital a horde of people are involved 
in the execution of any single task. 
It has been estimated that more than 
20 different people are involved at 
one time or another in the procedures 
for getting a single dose of a drug 
into a patient. 1 

The responsibilities of nursing and 
pharmacy in the drug distribution pro 
cess have been delineated as adminis 
tration and dispensing respectively. 
However, these activities do not take 
place in a vacuum; they are interde 
pendent and frequently overlap. Nor 
do they always take place in complete 
harmony. One administrator has been 
driven to write that "many adminis 
trators agreed that if they could get 
pharmacy and nursing to cooperate 
fully, many other problems would dis 
solve."- Life should be so simple! 

The aim of this paper is to exa 
mine those areas of drug distribution 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



which are of mutual concern to phar 
macy and nursing, some of the prob 
lems which arise, and some means of 
minimizing these problems. 

Methods of dispensing 

Two basic systems of dispensing 
drugs have been in use in hospitals for 
many years: the floor stock system and 
the individual prescription system. 

The Floor Stock System is one in 
which all but infrequently used drugs 
are stocked on the nursing station. 
While this system provides the nurse 
with an immediate supply of most 
drugs, it is costly in terms of nursing 
time, space requirements, and inven 
tory, and it lacks control. 

In the Individual Prescription Sys 
tem practically all medication orders 
are dispensed by a pharmacist in the 
form of an individual prescription for 
a specific patient. This system pro 
vides a high degree of inventory con 
trol and ensures that the physician s 
drug orders have been interpreted by 
a pharmacist. But the system requires 
a great deal of dispensing time without 
a compensating reduction in nursing 
time. And unless the system functions 
with flawless precision, a most un- 

Mr. Summers is Professor of Pharmacy, 
University of Saskatchewan. He is also Edi 
tor of The Hospital Phamacist, and until 
recently, Assistant Director, University Hos 
pital, Saskatoon. He served on the Com 
mittee on Nursing Education that prepared 
the Tucker Report. 



likely event, there are delays in the 
arrival of medications at the nursing 
units. This system was popular when 
patients were charged for individual 
medications, a situation which still 
exists in some hospitals in the United 
States. 

The system now in use in most Ca 
nadian hospitals is a combination of 
the floor stock and individual pres 
cription systems. A limited number of 
frequently used drugs, not commonly 
considered prescription drugs, are 
maintained as floor stocks. These in 
clude analgesics, laxatives, antiseptics, 
and intravenous fluids. The remaining 
drugs are supplied on an individual 
prescription basis. 

Some interesting work is being done 
in the development of more effective 
systems of drug distribution. However, 
this work is largely experimental and 
at the present time no practical alter 
native to the traditional systems is 
readily applicable to Canadian hos 
pitals. 

Drug order cycle 

From the time that a drug is 
ordered by a physician until it is ad 
ministered to the patient, a sequence 
of events takes place which, for the 
want of a more descriptive term, shall 
be called the drug order cycle. A brief 
examination of these events will illus 
trate the involvement of pharmacy and 
nursing. 

The physician decides on a 
course of drug therapy and orders the 

FEBRUARY 1967 



drugs to be administered to his pa 
tient. This information is communi 
cated to the nurse and entered in the 
patient s record. 

The drug is ordered from phar 
macy. If the drug is maintained as 
floor stock, the request to pharmacy 
is in the form of periodic requisitions 
for floor stock replenishment. If the 
drug is not in the ward stock, an in 
dividual prescription order is transmit 
ted to pharmacy. This may involve the 
nurse in recopying the physician s 
original order. 

When the prescription order is 
received in pharmacy, it is interpreted, 
and the appropriate drug selected, 
packaged, and labeled. 

The completed drug order is re 
turned, hopefully to the floor from 
which it originated. 

When the completed drug order 
arrives at the nursing station, it is 
scheduled for administration according 
to the physician s instructions. This 
procedure involves checking the ori 
ginal order, storage of the drug, and 
the creation of medication tickets. 

At the appointed time, a single 
dose of the drug is prepared for ad 
ministration, taken to the right patient, 
and administered by the appropriate 
route. But the administration of the 
drug is not the end of the cycle. 

The nurse observes the effects 
of the drug on the patient who may 
respond favorably, or adversely, or 
not at all. Regardless of its nature, the 
response of the patient is of impor 
tance to the physician and is record 
ed and communicated to him. 

At regular intervals the physician 
evaluates the effects of the drug the 
rapy and orders that it be continued, 
or altered, or discontinued. At this 
point the cycle ends and may be re 
peated. 

The number of separate events in 
the drug order cycle is appalling. With 
the possibility of error accompanying 
each event and the introduction of 
each new person into the interpretation 
and transmission of the physician s 
order, the wonder is not that there 
is an occasional error but that there 

FEBRUARY 1967 



are not more of them! And in ad 
dition to being subject to errors, this 
complex procedure is excessively de 
manding of the time of the nurse. 

Problem areas 

It would be kind to say that the 
prevalent systems of drug distribution 
are cumbersome. But what are the 
alternatives? 

Two approaches appear to be open: 
Adopt an entirely new system of drug 
distribution which will eliminate the 
present difficulties, and probably in 
troduce an entirely new set of prob 
lems; and improve the traditional sys 
tems by simplifying procedures and 
utilizing better methods of communi 
cation. 

It has already been noted that, in 
spite of considerable work on new 
methods, there seems to be no prac 
tical alternative to the traditional sys 
tems of drug distribution for most 
hospitals at this particular moment. 
Thus, the most productive approach 
for the immediate future appears to 
be the modification of existing systems 
to reduce the number of steps and 
people involved in the process. These 
changes should aim at reducing the 
possibility of medication errors and 
relieving the nurse of as much detail 
as possible so that she will have more 
time to spend with her patients. 

If significant improvements in the 
present methods of handling drug 
orders are to be effected, a clearer 
picture of the problem areas which 
are of mutual concern to nursing and 
pharmacy is necessary. Let us examine 
some of these areas in detail. 

Origin and transmission of individual 
prescription orders 

It is common practice for the phy 
sician s orders to be written in an 
order book. Drug orders are then 
transcribed by the nurse to individual 
prescription forms and transmitted to 
pharmacy for dispensing. 

While the initiation of the physi 
cian s order directly involves the nurse 
and the physician, it is important to 
the pharmacist that there be no ambi 
guity about the intention of the phy 



sician. The order should include the 
name of the drug, the dosage form, 
the dose, the route of administration, 
and the duration of therapy. If prob 
lems arise at this stage, the remainder 
of the process is an exercise in error 
which may harm the patient. 

In an attempt to overcome errors 
of interpreting drug nomenclature, 
some hospitals require the attending 
physician to print the name of the drug 
in the order book or on a special drug 
order sheet. But even when the name 
of the drug is perfectly legible, errors 
of intent may occur. 

Recently a physician intended to 
order Placidyl* - - a non-barbiturate 
sedative but Flaxedil** a potent 
muscle relaxant used to supplement 
general anesthetics was written in 
the order book. The order was ques 
tioned by the pharmacist, checked by 
the nurse against the order book, and 
the drug sent to the ward. The drug 
was subsequently administered to the 
patient who developed acute respira 
tory distress. The situation was rec 
tified by the prompt action of the 
nursing staff, but it provided an ex 
cellent lesson to both pharmacy and 
nursing. The pharmacist should have 
been aware of the fact that potent 
muscle relaxants are normally used 
only in the operating theaters, and the 
drug should not have been delivered 
without checking with the physician. 
However, the example is not cited to 
be critical of judgments but rather 
to illustrate that the intention of the 
physician is of mutual concern to the 
pharmacist and the nurse. 

The practice of transcribing the 
physician s original order, usually by 
a nurse, to a prescription form for 
subsequent transmission to pharmacy 
is questionable. It introduces a pos 
sibility of error in transcription, a 
source of additional work, and several 
more pieces of paper to clog the 
machinery of drug distribution. 

*Placidyl registered trade name for Ab 
bott Laboratories brand of ethchlorvynol. 

**Flaxedil registered trade name for 
Poulenc Limited brand of gallamine triethi- 
odide. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



The transmission of drug orders 
can be simplified by the use of a du 
plicate drug order that provides a copy 
for the nurse and a copy for the phar 
macist which serves as a prescription 
requisition. This procedure eliminates 
the recopying of drug orders and gives 
the pharmacists the physician s original 
order for interpretation. Questions re 
garding the order may be discussed 
directly with the physician by the phar 
macist, keeping in mind that nursing 
must be informed of any change in 
the original order. 

A drug order form that appears to 
solve many of the problems of trans 
mitting the physician s original order 
to pharmacy has been developed and 
used by Joseph Brant Memorial Hos 
pital 3 . 

Regardless of the system used for 
ordering a drug from pharmacy, the 
actual transfer of the order should not 
require a nurse, or a member of her 
staff, to deliver it to pharmacy. The 
pneumatic tube, or other automated 
transport device, provides a conven 
ient delivery system. In older hos 
pitals, the use of a routine drug or 
der pick-up service, supplemented by 
telephone and pharmacy runner, 
should make the use of nursing staff 
as messengers an outmoded form of 
communication. 

Prescription labeling 

Dispensing is the role of the phar 
macist. While there is little mutual 
concern with this phase of operations, 
the labeling of the prescription is of 
some importance to the nurse. The 
label should provide her with suffi 
cient information to get the right drug 
into the right patient. In hospitals, it 
is customary to label the prescription 
with the name and location of the 
patient, the name of the prescribing 
physician, and the name and strength 
of the drug. Directions are omitted 
unless specifically requested because 
the nurse has a number of orders, 
card files, medication tickets, and 
other assorted sources of information 
that give her the dosage schedule of 
the drug order. One more source of 
information would but add to the con 
fusion. 
42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




The name of the drug which ap 
pears on the label frequently poses a 
problem to the nurse. Drug nomen 
clature, being the jungle that it is, 
makes it possible to label a drug with 
a variety of names, all of which may 
be different from the name by which 
the physician ordered the drug. The 
nurse is not an expert in drug nomen 
clature and it should not be necessary 
for her to search reference works to 
verify the fact that the name on the 
label is synonymous with that by 
which the drug was ordered. 

The source of the problem is that, 
if a physician orders a drug by its 
trade name, and a brand of the drug 
other than that called for by the trade 
name is supplied, the prescription 
cannot legally or ethically be labeled 
with the brand name specified in the 
physician s original order. In such 
cases the common name of the drug 
should be used to identify the drug 
supplied. But when this is done, the 
label should also read "Dispensed in 
place of (brand name specified by 
physician)." Thus the nurse does not 
have to guess at the meaning of the 
common name nor phone to the phar 
macy to see why Mrs. Jones order has 
not arrived! 

It must be emphasized that the dis 
pensing of a brand of drug other than 
that specified in the physician s order 
may only take place with the approval 
of the physician, or under the author 
ity of the Pharmacy and Therapeutic 
Committee of the Medical Staff. 



Prescription delivery 

Once a drug order has been trans 
mitted to pharmacy the nurse should 
be relieved of further responsibility 
until the drug arrives back on her 
ward in time to meet the needs of the 
patient. But all too frequently things 
don t happen quite this smoothly and 
there is a last minute panic to locate 
a drug which has been, or should 
have been, ordered some time pre 
viously. 

Drug orders arrive at the pharmacy 
like bananas in bunches and the 
pharmacist must attempt to place a 
realistic priority on their completion. 
Some means of indicating emergency 
orders for immediate return to the 
ward should be worked out between 
pharmacy and nursing. "Stat" orders 
should not be abused to expedite the 
delivery of non-urgent drug require 
ments. 

The mechanics of delivering drug 
orders to the wards are unimportant 
providing that they are convenient for 
both nursing and pharmacy, and get 
the drugs to the ward in time for ad 
ministration. Delivery may be achieved 
by pneumatic tube, or some automatic 
conveyor system, by a routine delivery 
service, or pharmacy runner, or a 
combination of methods. But the me 
thod should meet the requirements of 
the particular hospital and deliver the 
goods - - on time. It is the responsi 
bility of the pharmacist to ensure that 
it does so! 

FEBRUARY 1967 



After-hour pharmacy service 

While most of the problems of mu 
tual concern to pharmacy and nursing 
arise in the course of the drug order 
cycle, several additional areas con 
tribute their share of headaches. After- 
hour pharmacy service is a fairly con 
sistent source of distress. 

The pharmacy department is open 
and fully staffed for a definite period 
of time each day. On weekends and 
holidays a reduced staff is usually 
present at certain times to provide for 
the immediate requirements of the pa 
tient. 

The hours of operation of the phar 
macy should reflect the demands for 
service. More than 90 percent of new 
drug orders originate between the 
hours of 8:00 A. M. and 5:00 P. M. 
Monday to Friday, and this factor de 
termines the hours of full operation. 
However, in some hospitals the medi 
cal staff make rounds in the early 
evening after office hours. This prac 
tice creates a number of new drug or 
ders and it is reasonable to expect 
pharmacy to provide service over this 
period. 

But, illness in general, and emergen 
cies in particular, have refused to ob 
serve the sanctity of the 40-hour week, 
and hospitals are required to function 
24 hours a day for seven days each 
week. Drugs are required after the 
pharmacy is closed for the day and 
there must be some procedure for ob 
taining adequate pharmacy service 
after regular hours. 

The aim of after-hour pharmacy ser 
vice is to provide the nurse with those 
drugs that are necessary to meet the 
immediate requirements of the patient 
without undue inconvenience to the 
nursing staff. Under no circumstances 
should the nurse be required to engage 
in dispensing. The system should en 
sure that a pharmacist is always avail 
able to discuss medication problems 
with the nurse, and to return to the 
hospital if the occasion demands. 

The ideal solution to after-hour ser 
vice is to have the pharmacy open 
for 24 hours a day. For some larger 
hospitals this approach is a sensible 
solution; for some it is a necessity! 
However, for most hospitals, 24-hour 
operation of the pharmacy department 

FEBRUARY 1967 



is neither practical nor necessary. But 
the responsibility for 24-hour phar 
macy service must rest with the phar 
macist and it is his task to come up 
with a suitable answer to his own par 
ticular situation. 

The use of an emergency drug sup 
ply for after-hour drug requirements 
is a common practice. The nurse, or 
more specifically the evening or night 
supervisor, is expected to go to the 
supply, select the right package, and 
leave a requisition for what she has 
taken. 

While this system does meet a need 

the need for drugs in an emergency 

it is time-consuming and cumber 
some for the nurse. Indeed, it is diffi 
cult to consider it as a service. The 
emergency drug system is much too 
often used as a substitute for adequate 
pharmacy service. 

Most medium-sized hospitals require 
something between full-time pharmacy 
service and the night supervisor as 
suming full responsibility for the dis 
pensing of after-hour drugs. There are 
many ways in which the required ser 
vices can be provided, short of 24- 
hour pharmacy staffing. The extension 
of pharmacy hours on a reduced staff 
basis to cover busy evening periods 
and weekends, a pharmacist on call, 
utilization of retail pharmacists, and 
conveniently located pre-packaged 
emergency drug supplies may all con 
tribute part of the solution. A combi 
nation of these methods should pro 
vide a satisfactory after-hour pharma 
cy service for most hospitals. But the 
degree of service required by a hos 
pital after hours, and the adequacy of 
the measures for providing it, should 
be arrived at by consultation between 
pharmacy and nursing. 

Ward stock medications 

The pharmacist is responsible for 
all drugs in the hospital, regardless of 
their location. This includes drugs 
maintained as ward stocks. 

There are two areas of mutual con 
cern to the nurse and the pharmacist 
relative to ward stocks. The first is 
the list of drugs to be kept on wards 
and the second is the procedure for 
replenishing stocks of these drugs. 

The purpose of ward stocks is to 



provide the nurse with a convenient 
supply of most items used in routine 
performance of nursing care. Require 
ments for ward medication should be 
maintained without a complicated re 
quisitioning and accounting system 
and without the nurse being required 
to move from the ward to obtain sup 
plies. 

The selection of drugs for each ward 
should be worked out between the 
pharmacist and the head nurse of the 
particular ward because requirements 
vary from ward to ward. While the 
nurse may prefer to have all of her 
drug requirements readily at hand, 
there is some limit, short of the entire 
dispensary inventory, that must be 
accepted as reasonable. Floor stocks 
should not be considered as an inflex 
ible list of drugs but rather a group 
of drugs that may be augmented or re 
duced to meet current fashion of drug 
therapy and the type of patient on the 
ward. 

Expensive drugs that may be readily 
consumed by other than patients, such 
as antibiotics, should not be requested 
as ward stocks. Large ward stocks 
require an increased inventory which 
defeats the purpose of central drug 
control, and, indeed, add to the con 
fusion of preparing medications for 
patients. 

To reorder ward stocks, the most 
that should be required of the nurse 
is to check off a preprinted form. The 
responsibility for picking up orders and 
delivering the drugs to the ward at 
a convenient time rests with the phar 
macist. 

Some hospitals no longer use ward 
stock requisitions. The pharmacist 
brings the drugs to the wards, checks 
the existing supplies, and brings them 
up to a scale of issue previously agreed 
upon with the staff of the nursing 
unit. A modification of this system is 
a mobile ward stock unit which is 
wheeled up to the ward to replace the 
old unit which is taken back to the 
pharmacy for replenishment. 4 

Narcotic control 

The responsibility for accounting 
for narcotics and "controlled" drugs 
falls upon both the pharmacist and the 
nurse. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



While the law is quite specific as to 
what must be done, pharmacy and 
nursing can work together to develop 
procedures which fulfill both the letter 
and the spirit of the regulations with 
out creating too great an inconve 
nience to either profession. 

Requisitioning procedures should 
require only the signature of the head 
nurse or her deputy. The requested 
narcotics and controlled drugs may 
then be delivered to the ward at a 
convenient time each day. Nursing 
units should stock adequate supplies 
of narcotics and controlled drugs and 
should not be required to return an 
empty container before being allowed 
to reorder a second. This makes it 
possible for the nurse to plan her nar 
cotic orders on the basis of a 24-hour 
requirement and prevents needless 
trips and requisitions by both pharma 
cy and the nursing unit. 

It should not be necessary for the 
nurse to return the completed record 
of administration to the pharmacy per 
sonally unless some problem has ari 
sen. Under normal circumstances, it 
should be sufficient for both records 
and containers to be picked up by 
pharmacy when narcotics are deli 
vered, or sent back with the normal 
drug returns. 

A shift count of narcotics is some 
times required by nursing service. The 
merits of this particular form of enter 
tainment will not be debated at this 
point. But where such a procedure is 
required, it is helpful if narcotics are 
packaged in such a manner that indi 
vidual doses can be seen and counted 
without removing them from the con 
tainer. This prevents wear and tear on 
both narcotics and nursing tempers. 
Many such containers are now availa 
ble and there is no valid reason for 
not putting them to use. 

Nursing may greatly assist in the 
control of these drugs by bringing 
problems to the attention of the phar 
macist as soon as they are suspected. 
Narcotics that have not been used for 
some time should be returned to the 
dispensary rather than left on the ward 
for daily counting. 

Developments in drug distribution 

It is becoming increasingly obvious 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



that the traditional methods of drug 
distribution are no longer adequate 
to meet the requirements of the mod 
ern hospital. The most significant 
reasons are said to be: 

1. The high percentage of medica 
tion errors reported in the literature 
and 

2. the widespread shortage of per 
sonnel, especially nurses. 5 

Work is being done on the develop 
ment of several new systems of drug 
distribution, most of which are based 
on the unit-dose system of dispensing. 
In this system, all drugs are delivered 
to the floor in single doses, labeled 
for specific patients, and ready for 
administration, immediately prior to 
the time at which they are to be ad 
ministered to the patient. All that is 
required of the nurse is to take the 
prepared medication to the right pa 
tient and administer it. 

The successful introduction of such 
a system will require considerable 
mental and mechanical adjustment on 
the part of both nursing and pharma 
cy. But regardless of the problems in 
volved, few should quarrel with the 
object of the system, which is to re 
lieve the nurse of many of the time- 
consuming mechanical details which 
now keep her from the patient. It 
should also contribute to a reduction 
of the volume of waste paper which 
now accumulates in the nursing sta 
tion. 

Automated dispensing units of the 
vending machine type have been intro 
duced in an attempt to improve drug 
distribution techniques. While this de 
vice does have some very desirable 
features, it does little to improve the 
lot of the nurse. Indeed, this type of 
equipment is now obsolescent in the 
light of newer developments. 

Some of the more sophisticated ad 
vanced systems incorporate the utiliza 
tion of automatic data processing 
and telecommunications. Not only 
does the system deliver the required 
drugs in unit doses, but sends a mes 
sage reminding the nurse that medica 
tion is due for certain patients whose 
names are printed out. The machine 
calls back in 15 minutes to ask if the 
task has been completed. 7 

One of the new developments al 



lows the physician to select and or 
der his drug therapy on a device si 
milar to a television screen. One gets 
the impression that the nursing station 
in the automated hospital will resemble 
a fire control unit of a nuclear bat 
tleship. 

Many of the experimental systems 
being tested at the present time will be 
applicable only to specialized hospi 
tals. But out of the present work will 
evolve a new system, or systems, 
which will be applicable to all hospi 
tals, and which will solve many of the 
problems which beset both pharmacy 
and nursing in the process of drug 
distribution. 

Until new systems are developed, 
there is much that can be done to im 
prove the present methods of providing 
drugs for patients. But to do so will 
require a genuine effort on the part 
of nurses and pharmacists to become 
familiar with their areas of mutual 
responsibilitv and to minimize the 
causes of friction which are irritating 
to ourselves and detrimental to the 
welfare of our patients. 

But regardless of the development 
of new systems, the introduction of 
automation, and the use of automatic 
data processing, the pharmacist will 
not provide the nurse with the assis 
tance which she requires, and which 
he is capable of providing, until he 
moves out of the dispensary to where 
the action is on the wards of the 
hospital. The shiny new tools and 
gadgets, from which so much is ex 
pected, must be looked upon as a 
means of helping to achieve this aim. 

References 

1. Latiolais, C.J. Hasp. Manag. 94: 80, 
Sept. 1964. 

2. Biggs, E. L. The Administrator-Pharma 
cist Relationship. Canad. Hasp. 43: 44, 
June 1966. 

3. Smythe, H.A. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 103, 
May-June 1966. 

4. Victorine, Sister M. Amer. J. Hosp. 
Pharm. 15: 973, Nov. 1958. 

5. Stauffer, I.E. Hosp. Pharm. 19: 149, 
July-Aug. 1966. 

6. Barker, K.N. and Heller. W.M. Amer. 
J. Hosp. Pharm. 20: 568, Nov. 1963. 

7. Jang, R. and Barker, K.N. Mod. Hosp. 
p. 124, April 1965. D 

FEBRUARY 1967 



Tumors of the skin 



A brief description of the benign and malignant tumors of the skin, 
and their treatment. 



P.J. Fitzpatrick, M.B., D.M.R.T., F.F.R. 



Tumors of the skin are very com 
mon, usually occurring on exposed 
surfaces such as the face or the back 
of the hands, but can appear anywhere, 
particularly if the site is subject to 
persistent trauma. Exposure to wind, 
sun, and frost are etiological factors, 
and skin tumors are more common in 
the white populations living in tro 
pical climates and in persons such as 
farmers or fishermen who work outside. 

Tumors may be benign or malig 
nant, are often multiple, and seen more 
frequently in the older age groups. 
Some benign lesions become malignant 
with time, and, although most malig 
nant tumors arise primarily in the skin, 
occasionally they are a manifestation 
of widespread cancer. Metastases from 
breast and lung tumors are the com 
monest and the malignant lymphomata 
can infiltrate the skin. 

Skin cancer usually implies tumors 
of epithelial origin and may be clas 
sified according to histological charac 
ters. They are generally of low-grade 
malignancy and the majority are cured 
at the first attempt. Where the first 

The author expresses his appreciation to 
Mrs. M. Gaettens of the Department of 
Medicine Photography, The Princess Mar 
garet Hospital, for providing the clinical 
photographs, and to Mrs. M. Mclntyre for 
her secretarial and typing services. 

Dr. Fitzpatrick is radiotherapist at The 
Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. On 
tario. 

FEBRUARY 1967 



planned treatment fails to cure the pa 
tient, secondary measures are usually 
effective and few patients succomb to 
this disease. 

Benign tumors 

These lesions tend to have a long 
history. They "sit on" the skin rather 
than invade it, are frequently pigment- 
ed and multiple, involving large areas. 
The commonest is the hyperkeratosis 
(Figure 1) which presents as a rough 
ened area of thickened skin and may 
show ulceration; in time, these may 
develop into squamous cell carcino 
mas. Bowen s disease is intraepithe- 
lial carcinoma that tends to occur at 
mucocutaneous junctions, particularly 
around the anus and the lip; these le 
sions, too, sometimes progress to frank 
squamous cell cancer. The keratoacan- 
thoma (Figure 2) is an interesting 
tumor that is often misdiagnosed for 



the more serious epithelioma. The 
history is short, often of only a few 
weeks duration, with rapid growth 
commencing as a pimple that breaks 
down in the center to show a keratin 
plug. On separation this leaves an ul 
cerated, indurated base; left to itself, 
spontaneous healing will occur with 
an average life of 12 to 25 weeks 
(Figure 3). Other benign tumors are 
mentioned for completeness but are 
outside the scope of this article (Figures 
4, 5, 6). 

Malignant tumors 

Basal Cell Carcinoma 

The rodent ulcer is the commonest 
malignant tumor of the skin. Its site 
of election is the face above a line 
joining the lobe of the ear to the angle 
of the mouth, particularly at embryo- 
logical junctional areas. The tumor 
erodes away at tissues, but does not 



Common Primary Skin Tumors 



BENIGN 



Keratosis 

Wart 
Angioma 

Keloid 

Nevus (Mole) 
Keratoacanthoma 



MALIGNANT 



Basal Cell Carcinoma 

(Rodent Ulcer) 
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 

(Epithelioma) 

Malignant Melanoma 

Bowen s Disease 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



metastasize and usually is not a serious 
condition, although large tumors can 
produce hideous deformities. It starts 
as a small lump that breaks down in 
the center and refuses to heal. Growth 
is slow and the edges of the tumor 
are pearly white in appearance with 
numerous small blood vessels present. 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma 

Epithelioma frequently arises in as 
sociation with other skin changes due 
to climatic exposure or trauma. It is 
therefore more common on exposed 
parts of the body and grows directly 
by extension into the surrounding tis 
sues, sometimes metastasizing to the 
regional lymph nodes. It starts as a 
pimple or ulcer that will not heal and 
growth may be rapid. The edges of 
the ulcer are raised, rolled, and everted 
and the base bleeds easily (Figures 
7, 8, 9, 10). 

Malignant Melanoma 

This tumor is less common than the 
epithelioma and may occur anywhere 
on the skin, most commonly around 
the orbit or on the limbs. It has a 
sinister reputation because of its black 
color and its tendency to recur locally 



if inadequately treated. There is a high 
incidence of metastases that may ap 
pear as satellite nodules around the 
primary tumor (Figure 11) or spread 
through the lymphatics to the regional 
nodes. Involvement of other organs, 
particularly the lungs and liver due to 
bloodstream spread, is common. The 
tumor is not always pigmented and it 
may follow change in a benign nevus; 
occasionally there is a history of rapid 
growth or bleeding associated with 
pregnancy. This tumor carries the 
worst prognosis of any skin tumor. 

Patient management 

At The Princess Margaret Hospital, 
patients are seen in a special skin clinic 
where a history is taken and clinical 
examination carried out. Following 
this a diagnosis is made which is usual 
ly followed by a biopsy to confirm the 
clinical impression. A photograph is 
useful in following the subsequent 
progress of the tumor and occasionally 
x-rays are required to see whether 
there is any bone destruction or to 
search for the presence of metastases. 

Irradiation has been used in the 



treatment of skin tumors for over 60 
years. The therapeutic use of radiation 
depends on its ability to destroy se 
lectively abnormal tissue without dam 
aging the adjacent normal structures. 
This is accomplished by various treat 
ment techniques and the physical pro 
perties can be adapted to suit any 
tumor and site. Many techniques have 
been used and the radiation obtained 
from radioactive isotopes or x-ray ma 
chines. Radium has been the isotope 
used most extensively and is still used 
in the form of needles that can be im 
planted into the tumor, or as a sur 
face applicator; however, these now 
have been replaced for the most part 
by external irradiation from an x-ray 
machine. 

Radio-isotopes emit radiation of dif 
ferent types by disintegration of the 
nucleus, the gamma ray being used for 
therapeutic effect. These rays are simi 
lar to x-rays and related to those of 
light, heat and radio, but are of ex 
tremely short wave lengths. Radiation 
is absorbed in tissues and its depth 
of penetration depends on several fac 
tors. In general, the higher the voltage 




Fig. 1: Seborrhea keratosis on the left 
cheek of a 66-year-old farmer. It was 
present for 2 years, growing slowly, 
and bleeding at touch. Treated with 
single shot of irradiation. 

Fig. 4: Keloid scar on the back of lobe 
of an ear following piercing. No 
treatment given. 



Fig. 2: Keratoacanthoma on nose of a 
57-year-old man. Present for 6 weeks, 
growing rapidly, but not bleeding. 
Treated with simple curettage. 

Fig. 5: Angioma on the head of a 
2-month-old baby. Tumor disappeared 
spontaneously without treatment over 
a 3-year period. 



Fig. 3: Same patient as in Figure 2, 
jour months later. 



Fig. 6: Benign papilloma in the left ear 
of a 72 -year-old man. Present most of 
his life but recent bleeding due to 
trauma. Tumor removed by curettage. 








46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



the greater the depth dose achieved. 
Thus, at 100 KV, the useful depth of 
irradiation is about 4 mm.; deeper 
tumors have to be treated with more 
powerful units. 

Rodent ulcers and epitheliomas are 
moderately radiosensitive and can be 
readily destroyed by radiation. If the 
tumor is small, a single treatment will 
suffice and is useful in treating old 
people, especially if they have had to 
travel from afar. Larger tumors have 
to be treated over several days to get 
a cancericidal dose that will not dam 
age the normal surrounding structures. 
A better cosmetic effect is obtained 
and the chances of getting a geogra 
phic miss, possible with a single shot 
treatment, eliminated. 

Most tumors are superficial and low 
voltage x-ray machines operating at 
less than 100 KV provide effective 
treatment. For thicker lesions a higher 
voltage at 250 KV is required. Today, 
high energy electrons and other radio 
active isotopes, such as Caesium 137, 
increase our therapeutic armory. 

Following irradiation, the tumor 
develops an erythema and subsequent 



ly becomes covered with a yellow fi- 
brinous exudate; this reaches its maxi 
mum intensity after about two to three 
weeks and becomes slightly sore. 
Crusting follows. On separation four 
to six weeks following therapy, the 
tumor is found to have disappeared, 
although complete resolution some 
times takes a little longer. The cosme 
tic result is usually good and repre 
sented by minor atrophy of the skin, 
although telangiectasia may occur after 
treatment of large tumors many years 
later. Recurrence is uncommon and 
probably best treated by excision be 
cause of the danger of necrosis fol 
lowing heavy irradiation. The latter 
follows damage to the blood vessels 
of the skin which develop an endarte- 
ritis with subsequent deficient nourish 
ment and oxygenation of the involved 
area. 

Unfortunately the malignant melano 
ma is not a radiosensitive tumor, al 
though small ones can be destroyed by 
heavy irradiation. These tumors are 
best excised and it is generally accept 
ed that any excision that does not re 
quire skin grafting is inadequate. Irra 
diation is used to supplement surgery 



where the latter may have been in 
complete, and is useful in palliating 
the symptoms of advanced disease. 

The techniques used at The Princess 
Margaret Hospital and the common 
reactions encountered and their man 
agement will be described in the fol 
lowing article. After treatment, skin 
tumors are followed in the outpatients 
clinic to assess the result. 




Fig. 7: Epithelioma on left hand of 
a 49-year-old laborer. Present for 8 
months and growing rapidly. Treated 
with radium mold. 



Fig. 10: Same patient as in Figure 9. 
Result shown 18 months later. 



Fig. 8: Same patient as in Figure 7. 
Result shown 4 years later. 



Fig. 11: Malignant melanoma on left 
foot of a 67-year-old man. Present for 
many years. Tumor excised and 
grafted, but patient died of distant 
metastases three years later. 



Fig. 9: Epithelioma lower lip present 
for 6 months. Treated with external 
irradiation. 




FEBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Radiation therapy for 
skin cancer 



Minimizing the patient s fear about the diagnosis of cancer and the method of 
treatment is a major responsibility of the radiotherapy technician. 



Doris Martyn, Reg. N., R.T. 



During the past eight years, one out 
of every five new patients registered 
at The Princess Margaret Hospital in 
Toronto had some form of skin cancer; 
in fact, nearly 5,000 new patients were 
seen and treated. 

Most patients are treated on an out 
patient basis; very few need to be ad 
mitted to hospital. If patients come 
from outside the city, they can be 
accommodated in The Princess Mar 
garet Lodge, which is situated about 
100 yards from the main hospital. 
Room and meals are provided at the 
Lodge, but the patient is able to go out 
and follow whatever pursuits he likes. 

The skin clinic in the outpatients 
department is staffed by a consultant 
dermatologist and radiotherapist. They 
examine each patient, make a diag 
nosis, and prescribe treatment. The 
patient is then escorted by a volunteer 
to the radiotherapy department and 
introduced to the radiographer who ex 
plains the course to be followed. 

Description of department 

The radiotherapy department is de 
signed to make treatments as efficient 
and pleasant as possible. Radiation 
used therapeutically produces no haz 
ard to the patient; but irradiation in 
small doses received over a long period 
of time by personnel working in the 
therapy departments is hazardous. Cer 
tain precautions are taken to mini 
mize exposure. The walls of the treat 
ment room are of thick concrete and 
the observation windows contain lead 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



so that no stray radiation can filter 
to the outside. Because of the dangers 
of radiation exposure, the technician 
is not allowed to be in the room at 
the same time as the patient while 
treatment is being carried out, but ob 
serves him through the specially pro 
tected window. 

The treatment rooms are pleasantly 
decorated and spacious to prevent 
claustrophobia. As there are no out 
side windows, murals of outdoor scenes 
cover one wall. A two-way communi 
cation system has been set up so that 
technician and patient can converse at 
all times while therapy is in progress. 
To encourage relaxation, soft back 
ground music is piped into all treat 
ment rooms. 

Radiotherapy 

The doctor prescribes the amount 
and type of radiation required and 
specifies the area to be treated. This 
varies according to the nature of the 
tumor and its extent. The prescription 
is written on a special treatment sheet, 
and unless the treatment is compli 
cated or extends for more than five 
days, the doctor will not see the pa 
tient again until the first follow-up 
visit in the outpatient clinic. The radio 
grapher is now responsible for the 
planned treatment and for establishing 
rapport with the patient. 

Miss Martyn is Senior Radiotherapy Tech 
nician at The Princess Margaret Hospital. 
Toronto, Ontario. 



When external irradiation is to be 
used, the patient is placed on a treat 
ment couch with the appropriate area 
exposed. Treatment for each patient 
is individualized. The regular set of 
applicators are suitable for a good 
proportion of the patients, but some 
situations require special shields that 
can be made to any size or shape. 

Most skin cancers are treated with 
superficial x-ray at 100 kilovolt. A 
very thin sheet of lead (0.5 millimeters 
thick), which can be cut with scissors, 
prevents any radiation from passing 
through it. Large tumors are treated 
at a moderate voltage and the shield 
ing has to be thicker to prevent irra 
diation of the surrounding normal tis 
sues. The doctor will have marked the 
area to be treated with a skin pencil. 
This is then outlined with the appli 
cator or lead cut-out and the x-ray 
machine is placed in position. Patients 
who are comfortable will maintain 
their position better than those who 
are not, and if there is any danger of 
movement the part to be treated is 
supported by sand bags. 

The patient is told again that the 
treatment is painless but that there 
will be a whirring sound from the ma 
chine which is quite normal and no 
cause for alarm. The technician re 
treats from the room, shuts the door, 
calculates the treatment time, and 
turns on the radiation beam. Most 
treatments take only a few minutes. 
When the prescribed dose has been 
given, the machine automatically turns 
FEBRUARY 1967 




Fig, 1: A 52 -year-old man with ulcer 
below the left eye. The ulcer had been 
present for 1 year, was growing slowly, 
and bleeding on occasion. Biopsy 
confirmed the present of a rodent ulcer. 







Fig. 2: Same patient showing the area 
to be irradiated marked out and an 
internal eye shield in position. 







itself off and the technician re-enters 
the room, releases the x-ray applicator, 
and removes any shields. 

Protection badges worn 

To make sure that nurses and tech 
nicians do not receive irradiation 
beyond the maximum permissible level 
as outlined by the World Health Or 
ganization, protection badges are worn 
and blood counts taken periodically. 
The protection badge consists of a 
small x-ray film, which is sensitive to 
radiation. The badge is worn on the 
chest of the technician and any ex 
posure of radiation can be determined 
by the subsequent development of the 
film. 

Treatment of rodent ulcers 

Rodent ulcers around the eyelids 
are common. At this site special lead 
shields have to be placed inside the 
lids to protect the underlying eye 
(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4). The shields are 
made out of lead with the concave con- 
junctival surface coated with a thin 
layer of plastic. Several sizes and 
shapes are available and one is select 
ed to suit the patient. They are stored 
dry, but prior to use are soaked in 
1:750 solution of aqueous zephiran for 
half an hour and then rinsed in sterile 
water for five minutes. 

To anesthetize the eye we use 0.5 
percent pontocaine; two drops are 
placed in the lower conjunctiva! sac 
and repeated after five minutes. Five 
minutes later, the eye shield, lubri- 

FEBRUARY 1967 



cated with mineral oil, can be inserted 
by slipping it under the lower eyelid 
and lifting the upper eyelid over it. 
After treatment the shield is removed 
and 10 percent sulphacetamide drops 
are instilled into the lower fornix to 
prevent subsequent infection, together 
with one or two drops of mineral oil 
to minimize irritation. A pad and ban 
dage are applied until sensation has 
returned which usually occurs within 
one to two hours. Without the pro 
tective bandage, a piece of grit could 
lodge in the eye and produce damage 
without the patient being aware of it. 
If a single treatment has been pre 
scribed, the nature of the subsequent 
reaction is explained to the patient. 
If further treatments are planned, a 
return appointment is arranged to fit 
in with the patient s other commit 
ments, so as to disturb his normal 
routine as little as possible. 

Skin reactions to irradiation 

Within a day or two of being irra 
diated, the treated skin shows a faint 
erythema which increases over several 
days. This reaches a maximum inten 
sity after about 10 days, and a moist 
desquamation of the skin often occurs 
at this time. During this period, trauma 
to the treated area should be avoided 
and the affected skin kept dry. If dis 
comfort occurs, Nivea Creme or lano 
lin should be applied sparingly two 
or three times a day. If the reaction 
is unduly severe, as sometimes occurs 
in persons with fair or sensitive skin, 



one percent gentian violet solution ap 
plied two of three times a day will 
produce a scab and allow the under 
lying tissues to heal. 

Following moist desquamation, crusts 
appear; these are best left to separate 
on their own. Separation usually oc 
curs between the third and fourth 
weeks and a new pinkish skin is seen. 
The tumor will often have disappeared 
by this time, but sometimes a residuum 
is left. Further disappearance occurs 
during the next few weeks with no 
special treatment required apart from 
avoidance of trauma. 

The patient should be protected 
from sunlight, wind, and frost, since 
these can cause severe local reactions, 
manifested by redness, soreness, and 
weeping of the treated area, with de 
layed healing. Infection, too, must be 
avoided or increased scarring will re 
sult with impaired cosmetic result; the 
patient is advised against rubbing the 
area. If there is hair in the irradiated 
area, permanent epilation usually will 
result; although this is of little con 
sequence, the patient should be warned 
about it. 

The doctor examines each patient 
about two months following treatment 
to assess the result; however, he will 
see him before this time if the need 
arises. A careful explanation of the 
reactions that follow irradiation and 
a form that gives the patient general 
instructions on management of the 
treated area usually make this earlier 
visit unnecessary. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Fig. 3: Patient being prepared for 
treatment. 




Dressings to irradiated areas are 
not required unless the patient is ex 
posed to trauma or dirt, in which case 
a simple cover minimizes the risk of 
infection. Follow-up of these patients 
is shared by the local doctor and the 
clinic. A patient with a rodent ulcer 
can usually be discharged from clinic 
follow-up after one year, but is ad 
vised to see his own physician if he 
notices any skin changes at the treated 
site or elsewhere. Follow-up after one 
year is unnecessary if the tumor has 
completely disappeared because late 
recurrence is rare. 

Other malignant tumors are followed 
indefinitely because of the possibility 
of local recurrence or the appearance 
of metastases. Because skin tumors are 
frequently multiple, the precipitating 
causes are explained to the patient and 
he is advised to protect himself as far 
as possible. 

Fears 

Many patients verbalize their fears 
and apprehensions to the nurse rather 
than to the doctor. Explanations and 
reassurance will allay these fears, but 
definite answers are needed for ques 
tions, such as "Will it burn?" 

During the Second World War, 
Norman Rockwell painted four can 
vases entitled "The Four Freedoms." 
One of these illustrates a basic need 
of all human beings: "Freedom From 
Fear." Fear of cancer is perhaps one 
of the most terrifying fears today. As 
nurses, we face the tremendous chal 
lenge of assisting a patient through the 
initial frightening phase following a 
diagnosis of cancer. We must try to 
give him peace of mind, a sense of 
security, assurance and hope. These 
things we have been trained to do; 
but to do it properly, we need to edu 
cate ourselves in the modern methods 
of therapy. D 



50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Fig. 4: Patient being treated. A lead 
cut-out is seen outlining the area to be 
irradiated. 

FEBRUARY 1967 



books 



Fundamentals of Public Health Nursing 

by Kathleen M. Leahy, R.N., M.S. and 
M. Marguerite Cobb, R.N., M.N. 225 
pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill Book Com 
pany, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Margaret Steed, nursing 
consultant, education, Canadian Nurses 
Association, Ottawa, Ontario. 

This book was written to provide nursing 
students with the necessary guidelines in 
preparation for their experience in public 
health nursing. 

The content was developed specifically 
for use in baccalaureate pre-service pro 
grams, designed to prepare nurses for be 
ginning positions in public health nursing, 
but would be similarly applicable in a di 
ploma program in nursing where public 
health concepts are integrated throughout the 
nursing courses. 

The information in the textbook is pre 
sented in two parts. 

Part one is devoted to public health and 
public health nursing, the principles of 
public health nursing, together with history, 
trends and philosophy. Information is given 
specific to the home visit, and related to 
essential communication skills and statistics. 
The identification of the role of the public 
health nurse, as it is viewed on the health 
team, seems to require an excessive review 
of historical material. 

In part two, a variety of selected case 
situations and case records together with 
topics and questions suitable for discussion 
periods are offered. This part of the book 
adds to the true value of this basic textbook 
for nursing students, in that descriptions of 
actual situations experienced and problems 
encountered by public health nurses are 
narrated and designed to provide some 
insight into public health nursing and the 
skills, understandings, appreciations and 
awareness that are required and utilized. 

Geriatric Nursing, 4 ed, by Kathleen New 
ton, R.N., M.A. and Helen C. Anderson, 
R.N., P.T., M.N. 390 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1966. Reviewed by Mrs. Valerie 
Nicholson, instructor, School of Nursing, 
Calgary General Hospital, Calgary, Al 
berta. 

Recognizing, firstly, that the word geriatrics 
is that "branch of medical and nursing 
science that deals with the treatment and 
care of disease conditions in older people, 
including constructive health practice and 
prevention of disease," and formulating, 

FEBRUARY 1967 



secondly, a philosophy or concept of 
geriatrics in keeping with this old age 
can be satisfying and need not be a period 
of idle sitting and waiting for the inevitable, 
death the authors have organized the 
fourth edition of Geriatric Nursing into four 
major units. These include an introduction 
to the aged, and a description of health 
maintenance and illness prevention, the gen 
eral factors in the care of the ill, and clinical 
nursing. 

Unit one emphasizes the attitudes and 
personal qualities essential to the nurse who 
deals with older people. Basic to the nurse s 
approach is a knowledge of the socio-psy- 
chological needs of the aged "the need 
for somewhere to live, something to do, and 
someone to care" and a thorough under 
standing of why these basic needs are 
not met in our society. Related to the prob 
lems of the aged is society s rejection of 
old people and its emphasis on youth and 
beauty. The authors state that the prob 
lem, paradoxically, seems to be one of 
preserving the life of the older person on the 
one hand, while killing him socially on the 
other. 

Unit two discusses maintenance of health 
and prevention of illness. Physical care for 
the aged differs from that for younger per 
sons. Adjustments, small in themselves, may 
mean the difference between the comfort and 
well-being of the older person and his dis 
comfort and predisposition to disease. To 
illustrate, the authors present the adjustments 
necessary for each basic physical need, i.e., 
bathing, skin care, sleep, ventilation, rest, 
activity, posture, clothing, diet, elimination 
and safety; throughout, a general regard for 
the older person is interwoven, emphasizing 
the importance of psychological needs. More 
pictures of older people in their homes, 
rather than in hospital beds, would have 
been useful in this section. 

The authors stress the nurse s strategic 
position in teaching people of the impor 
tance of periodic health appraisals and of 
available community services. Far. too often 
elderly persons and their family members 
interpret nonspecific symptoms as the inevit 
able concomitants of advancing age. 

Unit three, dealing with general factors 
in the care of the ill, discusses housing 
during illness, rehabilitation, and specific 
treatments such as physical and occupational 
therapy. The home is suggested as the best 
place for the elderly patient except in the 
event of acute illness or intensive treatment 
of chronic illness. Home care programs and 
instruction for family members are included 
in the nurse s role. "Repersonalization," or 
the restoration of a sense of personal worth, 



must preceed successful rehabilitation. 

The final unit, more than half of the 
entire book, deals with nursing the elder 
ly persoiv with diseases and is arranged 
according to body systems. Since the clinical 
approach to many of the disease conditions 
is the same for the elderly as for the 
younger person, this book specifically men 
tions only those that pertain to the care of 
the older person. 

This book would be a valuable reference 
book in any school of nursing library be 
cause of its detailed, thoughtful, and in 
dividualized approach to the care of older 
people in our society. 

Psychiatry for Nurses by John Gibson, 
M.D., D.P.M. 156 pages. Oxford, Black- 
well Scientific Publications, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Doris DesMarteau, 
acting assistant director of nursing, The 
Ontario Hospital, Cobourg, Ontario. 

This book introduces the general duty 
nurse to psychiatry. A welcome addition to 
the works on this subject, it would be a 
useful teaching manual and handy reference 
for all mental health workers. A lucid and 
concise account of the psychiatry of child 
hood to old age, it presents a simplified ap 
proach to a complex subject. 

In her association with the psychiatrist, 
the nurse will constantly hear technical 
terms. If she is familiar with them, she can 
communicate more intelligently with 
members of associated professions, and read 
psychiatric literature with increased under 
standing. With a knowledge of certain group 
ings of personality disturbances, she will 
have a broader insight into the nature of 
her patient s illness. 

In the introduction the author deals with 
the scope of psychiatry. He points out that 
there is no clear distinction between mental 
and physical illness, and that many physical 
diseases manifest themselves through mental 
symptoms. Mentally ill patients, like the 
physically ill, suffer from definite illnesses 
that require individual methods of treat 
ment. 

Chapter two outlines the signs and symp 
toms of mental illness. Subsequent chapters 
deal with neuroses and psychosomatic dis 
orders. Schizophrenia and paranoia are 
considered in detail as two of the most im 
portant psychoses. Alcoholism and drug ad 
diction are explained as social as well as 
medical problems. One chapter describes 
organic diseases that commonly produce 
mental symptoms. 

Chapter fourteen defines mental subnor- 
mality as a common condition. Mental 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 



defectives, a large part of any mental hos 
pital s population, demand their own treat 
ment and training that must be understood 
by the nurse. 

In the section devoted to psychiatry of 
childhood, the author emphasizes the prob 
lems presented by mentally ill children, 
which usually differ in certain respects from 
psychiatric problems of adults. 

In his last chapter "Principles of Treat 
ment", Dr. Gibson describes at length treat 
ments and medications applied to many types 
of illnesses. He also mentions some qualities 
essential for the nurse who cares for mental 
patients. 

Knowledge alone does not necessarily 
make it easier to tolerate the persistent hos 
tility, rejection, and discouragement that the 
nurse often meets, but it does help her to 
understand the sufferings of the mentally 
ill that can be deep and tragic. 

The Human Body, A Survey of 
Structure and Function by John 
Cairney, C.M.G., D.Sc., M.D., F.R.A.C.S. 
and J. Cairney, B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., 
M.C.R.A. 286 pages. Christchurch, New 
Zealand, N.M. Peryer Limited, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Jean W. Spalding, 
associate director of nursing education, 
Toronto East General & Orthopaedic 
Hospital. 

This text is written in a clear, concise 
form that would be most helpful in an intro 
ductory course in anatomy and physiology 
for students, who need general information 
and clarification of terminology. The dia 
grams are excellent and adequately labeled, 
providing good visual aids. 

Chapters one to eleven provide the best 
content; later chapters, including those on 
the muscular, nervous, blood vasular, and 
endocrine systems, provide insufficient in 
formation. 

To understand body alignment, passive 
exercises, etc., the nurse must have a 
thorough knowledge of the muscular systems, 
which this book does not provide. More 
over, the chapter on the blood vasular sys 
tem presents insufficient physiologic detail 
and the chapter on the endocrine system 
lacks current information. 

The anatomy in this text would be ade 
quate but sufficient physiology is lacking. 
The major reason for teaching anatomy and 
physiology is to provide a basis for under 
standing health and for providing nursing 
care. This text does not include the material 
necessary to give the student such a back 
ground. Its value would be enhanced by the 
addition of questions at the end of each 
chapter for review and application, and a 
bibliography for reference. 
52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




a show of hands... 





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proves its smoothness 



NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with 
added lubricant and emollient, will 
not dry out the patient s skin 
or yours! 

ALCOJEL is the economical, modern, 
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When 
applied to the skin, its slow flow 
ensures that it will not run off, drip 
or evaporate. You have ample time 
to control and spread it. 

ALCOJEL cools by evaporation . . . 
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin. 

Your patients will enjoy the 
invigorating effect of a body rub with 
Alcojel . . . the topical tonic. 




ALCOJEL 

Send for a free sample 

through your hospital pharmacist. 



Jellied 

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ADDED 
LUBRICANT an^ 





THE BRITISH DRUG HOUSES (CANADA) LTD. 

Barclay Ave., Toronto 18, Ontario 



FEBRUARY 1967 



books 



Rehabilitative Aspects of Nursing, A 
Programed Instruction Series. Part 1. 
Physical Therapeutic Nursing Measures. 
Unit 1. Concepts and Goals. 51 pages. 
New York. National League for Nursing, 
1966. 

This programed unit is the first of a 



series of programed nursing texts planned 
by the National League for Nursing. It 
was prepared especially for inservice edu 
cation of nursing staff and for self-instruc 
tion by individual nurses. It is designed to 
enable nurses to learn, at their own speed, 
new facts and skills in rehabilitative nursing. 

This introductory unit is devoted to gen 
eral concepts and goals and to the treatment 
of the patient as a whole person. Future 
books will deal with range of joint motion, 
muscle conditioning, body positioning, and 
assessment processes in rehabilitative nursing. 

The booklet is easy to use and thoroughly 






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Contains everything nteded for Surgical Prps: 



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FEBRUARY 1967 



As with oil sterile disposable items, the packaging 
should always be checked, tf the packaging is 
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not be considered sterile. 

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PORT CREDIT, ONTARIO, CANADA 



covers the introductory aspects of rehabilita 
tive nursing. The time required to complete 
all frames is approximately two and one- 
half hours. 

Much of the material is extremely simple 
and would appear to be more valuable to 
students than to graduate nurses. However, 
considerable attention is given to aspects of 
care that involve diagnosis, assessment, and 
establishment of physical therapeutic nursing 
measures on the nurse s own initiative, that 
is, in her own team role and without the 
supervision of other disciplines. 

The book would be a useful addition to 
any ward library. Inservice nursing educators 
would find it valuable as a supplement and 
adjunct to many teaching programs. 

History and Trends of Practical Nurs 
ing by Dorothy F. Johnston, R.N., B.S., 
C.P.H.N., M.Ed. 171 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. P. Ecclestone, acting 
instructor, School for Nursing Assistants, 
King Edward Vll Memorial Hospital, 
Bermuda. 

This interesting book outlines the events 
that have shaped and brought into existence 
the present-day practical nurse or nursing 
assistant, as she is known in Canada. Five 
of the nine chapters deal with the past, two 
with the present, and one with the future 
of this auxiliary worker. 

The author traces the development of 
the practical nurse from the primitive 
woman who remained at home caring for 
the weak and sick while man foraged for 
food, through the religious orders, which 
provided rituals and housekeeping services 
rather than actual nursing care, to the 
beginning of the training of lay women in 
the early nineteenth century. 

In discussing the early training programs 
and the growth and expansion of the profes 
sion, the author gets rather bogged down 
in dates and details. The reviewer found 
herself flipping pages and reading the con 
cise and comprehensive summaries at the 
end of each chapter. 

In the chapter "War and Awakening," 
the author describes the professional nurse s 
realization, after World War II, of the need 
for the practical nurse in the hospital as 
well as in the home. The professional nurse 
finally accepted the responsibility for her 
control. Many states began passing laws for 
her licensure, curricula were expanded, her 
title was standardized, and she emerged a 
recognized and necessary part of the health 
team. 

The author discusses todays practical 
nurse in the United States and nursing 
assistants in Canada in chapters 7 and 8. 
Canadian nurses will find Chapter 8 very 
interesting, as the author describes the 
number of schools, admission requirements, 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 



length and description of the course, and 
number of trained assistants employed in 
each province. 

In her final chapter, "Preview of the 
Future," Miss Johnston discusses the areas 
in which the practical nurse is now em 
ployed, and conjectures about her future. 
In spite of rumblings in some camps to the 
effect that the practical nurse faces ex 



tinction with the emergence of a "new 
nurse" who is a product of a two to three- 
year course in an independent school, the 
author believes that the outlook for the 
practical nurse is excellent, as thousands 
more are needed for employment in general 
hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, health agen 
cies, geriatric hospitals, doctors offices, and 
even by the Peace Corps. 

In general, this is a well-written, thorough 
ly researched text, and would be useful for 
instructors of nursing assistants or practical 
nurses, students themselves, and, in part, 
to professional nursing students and their 
instructors. 



TO PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 






\ 





Marriage is a responsibility that often re 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance 



Nurses are invited to use the coupon below 
to order copies for use as an aid in coun 



from professional people. In many instances selling. They will be supplied by Mead John- 



a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo 
man, mother, or a mature woman. 

"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Doc 
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist 
in preparing a woman for patient-physician 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet stresses the importance to the indi 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suits her religious, medical, and psychological 
needs. 



son Laboratories as a free service. 




LABORATORIES 



"1 



ORDER FORM To: Mead Johnson Laboratories, 

111 St. Clair Avenue West, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 

Pleat* lend copies of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan Wilh Your 

Doctor" to: 

Name 

Address 



\_-_-_ 

^^_ __ . _ _. . ._ 

54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



films 



History of Medicine 

The Canadian Medical Association has 
prepared a special film for Canada s Cen 
tennial year. A Century of Canadian Medicine 
(28-minute, color, sound) depicts the pro 
gress of medicine over the past 100 years. 

The film demonstrates the profession s 
commitment to the improvement of the 
nation s health. The life-and-death gambles 
with diseases such as pneumonia or tuber 
culosis in 1867 have changed to scenes 
where medication and treatment can over 
come the infection, and life goes on with 
little interruption. Recent advances in med 
icine and surgery have been selected to 
show lay audiences some of the results of 
medical progress, such as open-heart sur 
gery, care of premature babies, and the 
use of physiological monitors. 

As a secondary objective, it is hoped that 
the film will stimulate recruitment of 
young people interested in and capable of 
carrying on the traditions of service and 
science. 

This centennial film would be of inter 
est to nurses -- especially useful in his 
tory courses and as a film to recommend 
for showings to high school students. For 
information concerning its use, write to 
The Secretary, Public Relations, Canadian 
Medical Association, 150 St. George Street, 
Toronto 5, Ontario. 



Through the Eyes of the Patient 

An unusual and excellent teaching film, 
Candidate for a Stroke, has recently been 
added to the lists of films available from 
the Canadian Heart Foundation. In this 
film the audience sees the world as through 
the eyes of a man having a mild stroke. 
Diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation are 
all seen as though the audience was the 
patient. The film also concludes with the 
steps necessary to reduce the risk factors 
that lead to a cerebrovascular accident. 

This 18-minute, black-and-white, sound 
film would be valuable as a teaching aid 
in medical-surgical nursing. It may be 
borrowed from the Canadian Heart Found 
ation, 1130 Bay St., Toronto 5, Ontario. 

Dangers of Superficial Relationships 
The Special Universe of Walter Krolik, 

a new, 28-minute, color, sound film, pre 
sents a patient-family story. The film was 
intended primarily for a nursing audience 
and is not suitable for a lay group. It dis 
cusses the outcome of nurse-patient relation 
ships when a response is made to super 
ficial needs without an assessment of un 
derlying needs. In this film, nurses appear 

FEBRUARY 1967 



films 



to be winning the battles and losing the 
war. 

The film would be an excellent teaching 
tool in schools of nursing, or in continuing 
education programs for graduates. It is 
directly concerned with the patient with 
tuberculosis, but many of the concepts 
are applicable to any chronic or continuing 
patient care. 

The film was prepared in the United 
States and was co-sponsored by the Na 
tional Tuberculosis Association, the Nur 
sing Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and 
Other Respiratory Diseases, and the ANA- 
NLN Film Service. It was made possible by 
a grant from the American Contract Bridge 
League Foundation. It may be borrowed 
from your local branch of the Canadian 
Tuberculosis Association. 

Excellent for Adolescents 

An excellent motion picture on growth 
and development for adolescent and teen 
age girls has been produced by Churchill 
Films. Girl to Woman is a scientific and 
authoritative treatment of the sensitive 
subject of puberty, and is produced under 
medical and psychiatric supervision. Ex 
tensive animation is used to show the 
female reproductive system and the tur- 



Nursing Studies Index 

A revision of the Canadian 
Nurses Association Nursing Studies 
Index, first issued in 1964, is in 
preparation. If you know of any 
studies, i.e., masters and doctoral 
theses and studies by government 
organizations and institutions, 
which have been completed be 
tween 1964 and 1966, or any prior 
to 1964 that were missed in the 
first issue, please notify the Libra 
rian, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa. The 
only criteria is that the study be on 
some aspect of concern to nursing 
in Canada, or, in the case of theses, 
be conducted by a Canadian nurse. 

Also, the Library is hoping to have 
as many copies as possible of the 
studies listed in the index in the 
CNA repository collection of nurs 
ing studies. If you have only one 
copy of your study, please lend 
it to us with permission to xerox. 



bulent changes that take place during and 
after puberty. 

The film is a companion to Boy To Man, 
released a few years ago, which has re 
mained the most authoritative film in its 
field. It would be valuable for use in schools 
as well as a teaching tool for nurses. 

The film is in color, and runs 16 minutes. 
It may be borrowed from the Canadian 
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ot 
tawa 13. A small rental fee is charged. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material re 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated by 
R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to: The Li 
brary, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. L automalion par Louis Salleron. 4. ed. 
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 
1965. 125p. (Que sais-je? no. 723.) 



2. Canadian annual review for 1965. 
Edited by John Saywell. Toronto, Univ. of 
Toronto Press, 1966. 569p. 

3. Canadian universities and colleges 1966. 
ed. by Edward Sheffield and Rosalind J. 
Murray. Ottawa, Association of Universities 
and Colleges, 1966. 335p. 

4. Communication and public relations 
by Edward J. Robinson. Columbus, Ohio, 
Charles E. Merril Books, c!966. 618p. 

5. Continuing professional educational 
needs of supervisory personnel in the nursing 
service and nursing education; a survey of 
Pennsylvania hospitals by Sammuel S. Du- 
bin and H. LeRoy Marlow. University Park, 
Perm., Pennsylvania State Univ., 1965. 65p. 

6. La cybernetique par Louis Couffignal. 
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1963. 
125p. (Que sais-je? no. 638.) 

7. The determination and measurement of 
supervisory training needs of hospital per 
sonnel; a survey of Pennsylvania hospitals 
by Samuel S. Dubin and H. LeRoy Marlow. 
University Park, Penn., Pennsylvania State 
Univ., 1965. 132p. 

8. Documents fondamentaux; statuts et 
reglement directives reglements interieur 
pour les seances par Conseil International 
des Infirmieres. London, 1966. 47p. 

9. Dotation en personnel des services in- 
firmiers de sante publique et de soins aux 
malades non hospitalises. Methodes d etude, 
par Doris E. Roberts. Geneve, Organisation 
mondiale de la Sante. 1965. Hip. 




ostqmy 

anatomical 

demonstrator 



"MINI-GUIDE" 



"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and 
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy Ileal- 
Bladder, Wet Colostomy and Cutaneous Ureterostomy 
surgery. 

As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teaching the surgical 
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you immediately see 
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per 
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery. 
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back 
offer 746 CN. 



NITED SURGICAL 




I P O R A 

PORT CHESTER NEW YORK 



FEBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



Nursing 
in the 
north 



Changes 
in nursing 
education in 
Saskatchewan 



RN employed 
at a 

veterinary 
college 




Photo credits 



Expo 67, p. 7 

Globe and Mail, p. 13 

USSR Embassy, pp. 27, 29, 32 

Dept. of National Health and 
Welfare, p. 42 



accession list 



10. L equilibri- sympalhique par Paul 
Chauchard. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1961. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 565.) 

11. Factors affecting the establishment of 
associate degree programs in nursing in 
community junior colleges by Mildred S. 
Schmidt. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1966. 128p. 

12. Final report on draft legislation pre 
pared for the New Brunswick Association 
of Registered Nurses by Alan M. Sinclair. 
Fredericton, 1 966. 1 v. 

13. Governments and the university by 
York University, Toronto, MacMillan, 1966. 
92 p. (The Frank Gerstein lectures, 1966). 

14. L heredite humaine par Jean Ros 
tand. 6.ed. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1965. 126p. (Que sais-je? no.550.) 

15. History of the school for nurses To 
ronto General Hospital by Margaret Isabel 
Lawrence (ed). Toronto, Alumni Associa 
tion, 1931. 63p. 

16. Nursing studies index, vol. 3, 1950- 
1956 prepared under Virginia Henderson. 
Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1966. 653p. R 

17. La profession d infirmiere en France, 
2ed. par Revue de 1 Infirmiere et de 1 As- 
sistante Sociale. Paris, Expansion Scienti- 
fique francais, 1962. 377p. 

18. Report on action prepared for the 
New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses by Katherine MacLaggan. Frederic- 
ton, 1966. 63 p. 

19. Le role de I infirmiere dans faction 
de sante mentale; rapport sur une confe 
rence technique, Copenhague, 15-24, no- 
vembre 1961 par Audrey L. John et al. 
Geneve, Organisation mondiale de la Sante, 
1965. 214p. 

20. A series of papers presented at the 
1965 regional clinical conferences sponsored 
by the American Nurses Association, New 
York, 1966. 6v. Contents. 1. Nursing 
practice. 2. Medical-surgical nursing prac 
tice. 3. Maternal and child health nursing 
practice. 4. Psychiatric nursing practice. 
5. Public health nursing practice. 6. 
Geriatric nursing practice. 

21. Les services infirmiers de sante pu- 
blique; problemes et perspectives par Or 
ganisation mondiale de la Sante. Geneve, 
1961. 208p. 

22. The sister as a clinical specialist by 
Sister Leon Douville and Sister Marilyn 
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho 
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p. 

23. A survey to determine the nursing 
care needs of patients in certain standard 
welfare wards (indigent) of the Ottawa Civic 
Hospial following their discharge from the 
hospital by Muriel V. Lowry. Ottawa, 1962. 
Sip. 

24. Le systeme nerveux par Paul Chau 
chard. lO.ed. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1966. 128p. (Que sais-je? no. 8.) 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



25. Les tesles mentaux par Pierre Pichot. 
Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 

1965. 126p. (Que sais-je? no. 626.) 

PAMPHLETS 

26. Book and journal services for doctors 
and nurses. An interim report on a National 
Book League investigation by J.E. Mor- 
purgo. London, Nuffield Provincial Hospi 
tals Trust. 1966. 41 p. 

27. A brief to the select committee of the 
New Brunswick legislature on the labour 
relations act. Fredericton, New Brunswick 
Association of Registered Nurses, 1966. 

28. Directory of Canadians with service 
overseas, 1966. Ottawa, Overseas Institute 
of Canada, 1966. 478p. 

29. A guide for the nursing service audit 
by Sister Mary Helen Louise Deekin. St. 
Louis, Catholic Hospital Association, 1960. 
26p. 

30. A guide for the utilization of per 
sonnel supportive of public health nursing 
services. New York, American Nurses As 
sociation, Public Health Nurses Section, 

1966. 12p. 

31. Guiding principles for the develop 
ment of programs in educational institutions 
leading to a diploma in nursing. Ottawa, 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1966. lip. 

32. An index of care by J.A.K. MacDon- 
nell and G.B. Murray. Ottawa, Medical 
Services J. 31:499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint. 

33. Major official policies relating to the 
economic security program. Rev. New York, 
American Nurses Association, 1965. 14p. 

34. NLN accreditation-community nursing 
services; guide to preparing a report for 
evaluation for preliminary accreditation. 
New York, National League for Nursing. 
Department of Public Health Nursing, 1966. 
9p. 

35. The planning and organization of 
medical book and journal services in region 
al hospitals. A National Book League guide 
for librarians. London, Nuffield Provincial 
Hospitals Trust, 1966. 34p. 

36. Principes directeurs de la mise au 
point de programmes dans les maisons d en- 
seignement, en vue de diplome en sciences 
infirmieres. Ottawa, Association des Infir 
mieres canadiennes, 1966. 12p. 

37. Recommendation from the Associa 
tion of Nurses of Prince Edward Island re 
garding medical procedures carried out by 
nurses. Fredericton, n.d. 2p. 

38. Seeking foundation funds by David 
M. Church. New York, National Public 
Relations Council of Health and Welfare 
Services, Inc., c!966. 39p. 

39. Statement relative to the national 
labor-management relations act, 1947, May 
7, 1963. New York, American Nurses As 
sociation, 1963. lOp. 

40. Statistical data associate degree pro 
grams in nursing 1966. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Associate De 
gree Programs, 1966, 8p. 

41. Suggested design guidelines for nur- 

FEBRUARY 1967 



accession list 



sing education facilities; schools of nursing. 
Toronto, Ontario Hospital Services Com 
mission, 1966. 5p. 

42. Survey of employment conditions of 
nurses employed by physicians and for 
dentists, July 1964. New York, American 
Nurses Association. Research and Statistics 
Unit, 1965. 24p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

43. Dept. of Labour. Labour-Management 
Co-operation Service. Labour management 
Committee material, order book. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1966. 30p. 

44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Census 
of Canada 1961. General review. Housing 
in Canada. Ottawa, Queen s Priner, 1966. 
79p. 

45. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill 
C-170; an act respecting employer and em 
ployee relations in the Public Service of 
Canada. Ottawa, 1966. 53p. 

Nova Scotia 

46. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re 
search Division. Wage rates and hours of 
labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1966, 226p. 
United States 

47. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 



fare. Public Health Service. Administrative 
aspects of hospital central medical and surg 
ical supply services. Washington, 1966. 37p. 

48. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Estimating the 
cost of illness by Dorothy P. Rice. Washing 
ton, 1966. 131p. 

49. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. A manual for 
hospital central medical and surgical supply 
services. Washington, 1966. 106p. 

50. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree 
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington. 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p. 

51. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree 
ments; management rights and union- 
management co-operation. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 

52. Dept. of Labour. Women s Bureau. 
Handbook on women workers 1960. Wa 
shington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. Iv. 

53. Dept. of Labour. Women s Bureau. 
Nurses and other hospital personnel; their 
earnings and employment conditions. Re 
printed with supplement. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1961. 41p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION. 

54. An enquiry into the need for conti 
nuing education for registered nurses in 
the province of Ontario by M. Josephine 
Flaherty. Toronto, 1965. 176p. Thesis (M. 



A.) Toronto. R 

55. The historical development of one 
aspect of curriculum development in nursing 
education by Sister Marie Bonin. Washing 
ton, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) -- 1965. R 

56. Methods of evaluating the service of 
professional nursing students in selected 
schools of nursing by Margaret Mary Street, 
Boston, 1961. 105p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) - 
Boston. R 

57. The preparation of survey schedules 
for the selection of the facilities in three 
Canadian provinces for the organization of 
a collegiate program in nursing by Sister 
Jeanne Forest. Washington, 1945. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) Catholic Univ. of America. 
108p. R 

58. Relationship between achievement in 
high school and achievement on the exa 
minations for admission to practice nursing 
in Canada by Sister Claire Jeannotte. Wash 
ington, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Catholic 
Univ. of America. 44p. R 

59. A study of the educational value of 
a learning experience in a rural hospital 
setting by Sister Marguerite Letourneau. 
Washington, 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) 
Catholic Univ. of America. 89 p. R 

60. A study of performance on pre-en- 
trance tests and examinations for admission 
to practice and the relationship between 
these tests by Sister Jeannette Gagnon. 
Washington, 1963. Thesis (M.A.) Catho 
lic Univ. of America. 54p. R 




Turns 

consume 

93 times their 

own weight 

in excess 

stomach 

acid! 



think how last they ll work 
on your tummy upsets! 

FEBRUARY 1967 



Laboratory tests show Turns neu 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go to work 
in 4 seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Turns a try. 
They re worth their weight in gold! 




Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES- 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 

50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 
Borrower 



Position 



Address 

Date requested 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD 
NURSE for 90-bed active treatment hospital in the 
City of Wetaskiwin, situated midway between Ed 
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation 
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits 
in effect, as well as payment for prior experience. 
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospital, 
Wetaskiwin, Alberta. 1-96-1 

Registered Nurses for new 50-bed active treatment 
hospital, situated only 15 miles from Edmonton. 
Salary $360 - $420 per month. Recognition given for 
previous experience. Excellent personnel policies and 
working conditions. For further information please 
write to: Miss M. Macintosh, R.N., Director of 
Nursing, Fort Saskatchewan General Hospital, Box 
1270, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. 1-39-2 

Registered Nurses (5) required (summer relief or per 
manent posts) for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal 
Hospital, Alberta, was built 5 years ago and has a 
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for 1 966 
$370. New salary scales expected for 1967. Peace 
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the 
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller 
particulars. Peace River , Municipal Hospital, Peace 
River, Alberta. 1-69-1 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Aides for 

17-bed hospital. Salary for Graduate Nurses basic 
$400 to $460. Certified Nursing Aides $240 to $280 
with credit for previoue experience. Full maintenance 
available at $35 per month. Apply to: Miss A. Nun- 
weiler, Director of Nursing, Oyen Municipal Hospital, 
Oyen, Alberta. Telephone: 664-3553 1-68-1 

General Duty Nurses (2) for a modern general 30- 
bed hospital. East Central Alberta Highway 12. 
Salary according to experience, yearly increments. 
AARN personnel policies. Apply to: Sister Adminis 
trator, Our Lady of the Rosary Hospital, Castor, 
Alberta. 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 

for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with J year and 
$390 wiih 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after I year employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1 ,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88-1 

NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1 -5-1 

General Duty Nurses for an active accredited well 
equipped 64- bed hospital in a growing town, popu 
lation 3,500. Centrally located between major cities. 
Full maintenance available in a new residence, $35.00 
per month. Alberta Registered Nurses salary $360.00 
- $420.00, commensurate with experience. Excellent 
personnel policies and working conditions. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, 
Alberta. 1-13-1 A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos 
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel-: 578-3803. 1-25-1B 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. A1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta s unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
$420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I, and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A 

General Duty Nurses and Certified Nursing Aides for 

modern combined active treatment and Auxiliary 
Hospital. Salary starts at $355 and $240 respectively. 
Liberal personnel policies, accommodation available. 
Located in Southern Alberta close to U. S. boundary 
and Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The 
61 -bed combined hospital serves the town and area of 
approximately 6,000 population with all services. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Cardston Municipal 
Hospital, Box 310, Cardston, Alberta. 1-17-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (6) and CERTIFIED NURS 
ING AIDES for modern 72-bed hospital. Salary $355 
and $240 respectively; credit for experience; liberal 
policies. Accommodation available. Apply to: Ad 
ministrator, Providence Hospital, High Prairie, Al 
berta. 1-45-1 



B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. o in t 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Operating Room Hoad Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 - $481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 



2-30-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 

hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968, 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to; The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2- 15-) 




General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 



General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 



General Duty Nurses for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Nicola Valley General Hos 
pital, Box 129, Merritr, British Columbia. 2-41-1 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent Lake 
Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial salary $387. 
Maintenance $60, 40-hour 5 day week, vacation with 
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses residence, 
floating, fishing, swimming, golfing, curl ing, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bulkley Valley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary non B.C. 

registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 



General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 

Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Albert Bay, British 
Columbia. oo i a. 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day $ annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

Graduate Nurses for 31-bed hospital on B.C. Coast 
Salary $372 for B. C Registered Nurses plus $lf 
northern living allowance. Personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABC. Travel from Vancouver 
refunded after 6 mos. Apply: Administrate, General 
Hospital, Ocean Falls, British Columbia. 2-49-1 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 

FEBRUARY 1967 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modem 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 



GRADUATE NURSES for busy 21-bed general hospital 

preferably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Basic salary $357 
or $372 plus recognition for post graduate ex 
perience. Apply Matron, Tofino General Hospital, 
Tofino, Vancouver Island, B. C. 2-71-1 



MANITOBA 



Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38-bed hospital. 
New nurses residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
addressed to: Mr. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba. 

3-1-1 



Registered Nurses (2) for 50-bed General Hospital in 
Fort Churchill, Manitoba, Starting salary $470 per 
month with higher 1967 schedule effective January 1. 
Train fare from Winnipeg refunded after six months 
service, and return fare refunded after one year 
i service. Apply to: Director of Nursing. For 
Churchill General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Mani 
toba. 3-75-1 



Registered Nurses (1) for 10-bed hospital at Fisher 
Branch. Manitoba. Starting salary $400/m. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Residence accom 
modation available. For further information and ap 
plication forms, apply to: Matron, Fisher Branch 
Hospital, Fisher Branch, Manitoba. 2-23-2 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $380 $440, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

232-bed Children s Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children s Hos 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1 

Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Salary range $380 - $440 per month to be increased 
Jan. 1 , 1967. Room and board available at $55-50 
per month. Generous personnel policies. Full details 
available on request. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Man. 3-46-2 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District Genera! Hospital, Portage La 
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1 



NOVA SCOTIA 



REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 



Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community - - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-J 



ONTARIO 



Co-ordinafor of Clinical Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School 
of Nursing, McMaster University, invites applications 
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1 967-1 968 
session, with duties commencing July 1967. Please 
apply sending curriculum vitae and two references 
to : Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15 

FEBRUARY 1967 



Registered Nurses for 34 -bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff - 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40- 1 



Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well -equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, staling qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener 
al Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident 
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tourist 
town off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South 
ampton, Ontario. 7- 122-1 

Registered Nurses for 35-bed active treatment hospital, 
35 miles north east of Toronto, Ontario. Minimum 
salary $355 per month, and annual increments. Per 
sonnel policies including, Medical, O.H.S.C., weekly 
Indemnity Insurance, Ontario Hospital Pension Plan, 
and Group Life Insurance shared by the hospital, plus 
other benefits. Apply to: The Superintendent, The 
Cottage Hospital (Oxbridge), Uxbridge, Ontario. 



Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants, 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week, 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accommoda 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Minto 
Hospital, Cochrcne, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75- bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic salaries are $371 
and $259, with yearly increments. Write or phone: 
The Director of Nursing, Dryden District General 
Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 7-26-1 A 

REGISTERED NURSES AND REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40-bed hos 
pital with nurses residence. Nurses - minimum salary 
$387 plus experience allowance, 3 semi-annual incre 
ments of $10 each. R.N.A. s - $270 plus experience 
allowance, 2 annual increments of $10 each. Reply to: 
The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District Hospital, 
Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Duffer in Area Hos 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 

Applications are invited from R. N s and R. N. Ass ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1, 1967, Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 



Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28- bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $45. 40-hr, wk,, no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$400. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pita I, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room in modern iiospital (opened in 1956). Situated 
in the Nickel Capital of the world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 per mo., with annual merit 
increments, pks annual bonus plan, 40-hr, wk. Recog 
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist 
once with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario. 7-127-4 



General Duty Nurses for 66* bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $375/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for active General 77- bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefifs:nurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On 
tario. 7-59-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty, Salary according to experience. Apply to-. 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

Public Health Nurses for generalized program. Every 
modern fringe benefit. Full credit for experience. 
Present salary range $5,030 $6,148. Further, we 
are prepared to give consideration to any salary 
request. Apply to: E. G. Brown, M.D., D.P.H. Director 
and M.O.H., Kent County Health Unit, 21 - 7th. St., 
Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (2 QUALIFIED) Staff 

positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence January 3rd, 1 967. General ized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



NURSE- 
ANESTHETIST-OB" 



ONTARIO 



SASKATCHEWAN 



For 350 Bed Community 
Teaching Hospital, 35 min 
utes from Metropolitan New 
York. 

Excellent Salary 
+ Benefits 

In-service Education 

8 Paid Holidays per year 

Tuition Refund Program 

12 Paid Sick Days 

per year 

> Free Life and 

Disability Insurance 

Blue Cross Coverage 



Send Resume to: 

Box CN 1433, 

125 West 41 St. 

New York NY 10036 

An Equal Opportunity 
Employer M/F 



RIVERSIDE 

HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 

HEAD NURSE Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of 
January 1, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital- 
\zatlon. M)teage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : 
Miss Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized public health 
program. Good personnel policies including 4 weeks 
vacation, sick time allowance, unit car or car allow 
ance, shared pension plan, hospitalization, and 
group insurance available. Apply to : Mrs. Muriel 
McAvoy, Secretary-Treasurer, Porcupine Health Unit, 
70 Balsam Street South, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 



QUEBEC 



EXPO 67, NURSES, BE WISE . . . Reserve your room 
now for Expo 67. Semi-private rooms for one person 
in a modern home at 10 minutes from Expo grounds. 
Rate:$15 per day, including morning coffee and 
transportation to Expo site. Please write to: Mme 
Marguerite Richard, R.N., 3585, Beaufort, Ville Bros- 
sard. Quebec. 9-86-3 



GRADUATE NURSE for Private Camp in the Lauren- 

tians. JULY AND AUGUST 1967. Write: Pripstein s 
Camp Inc., 6344 MacDonald Avenue, Montreal 29, 
Quebec. 9-86-5 



OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (Applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries com 
mensurate with experience and postgraduate educa 
tion. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days anual vacation, 
retirement plan and other liberal fringe benefits. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. Mary s Hospital, 
3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec. 9-47-39 A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo 
dation available in nurses residence. Salary schedule 
will be based on the SRNA recommendations. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, 
Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 10-131-1 A 

MATRON for the 20-bed, new, air-conditioned Cabri 
Union Hospital. Salary according to SRNA schedule. 
Residence accommodation available. Reply to: Mr. K. 
Exner, Secretary-Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Ca 
bri, Saskatchewan. 10-13-2 



Registered Nurses (2) wanted immediately for the 
20-bed, air-conditioned, new hospital. Salary in ac 
cordance with the SRNA schedule. Residence accom 
modation available. Reply to: Mr. K. C. Exner, 
Secretary-Treasurer, Cabri Union Hospital, Cabri, Sas 
katchewan. 10-13-1 

Registered Nurses (2) for modern 30-bed General Hos 
pital at Shellbrook, Sask., 1967 salary $364 - $464 
accommodation available in new residence, rates 
nominal, personnel policies in accordance to SRNA. 
Shellbrook is 27 miles from city on Allweather High 
way, near Waskesiu summer resort. Write the Ad 
ministrator, Box 70 Shellbrook Union Hospital, 
Shellbrooke, Saskatchewan. 10-118-1 



REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Established personnel policies and pension plan. 
Salary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust 
ments to starting salary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of 
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche 
wan. 10-131-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27-bed hospital. Initial salary $364 per month. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses As 
sociation recommendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services, Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Saskatchewan. 10-59-1 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap 
ply : Director of Personnel, University Hospital, Sas 
katoon, Saskatchewan. 10-116-4A 



INSTRUCTORS IN ALL NURSING AREAS required by 
School of Nursing, Regina, Saskatchewan. Offers 
3 year and 2 year programs. Enrolment 180. Pre 
ference given to applicants with experience in 
nursing education or nursing service. Degree prefer 
red. Salary as set by SRNA. Apply to: Director, 
School of Nursing, Regina Grey Nun s Hospital, 
REGINA, Saskatchewan. 10-109-7 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
mservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits, 
including temporary accommodations at low cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional 
in-service and orientation programs, unlimited sick 
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave 
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex 
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person 
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 El 
Camina Real, Burlingame, California 697*^1061. 

1 5-5-20 B 

Registered Nurses: The Los Angeles County General 
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areas. We 
invite your enquiries about positions available in pre 
mature nursery, neuro-surgery, pediatrics, operating 
room and recovery room, as well as general medical 
or surgical wards, Several specialty programs are 
planned for 1967. Starting salary with one year s ex 
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month, 
$624 after six months. Additional pay for o degree. 
Evening bonus approximately $60 per month. Nigh) 
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospital 
grounds for at least 90 days. We will help you with 
California Registration. For further information, 
write: Mrs. Dorothy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
County General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 E 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
ch iat y. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 1 5-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children, California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer- pa id pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



UNITED STATES 



)0gisf*red Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
arofessional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor- 
lia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
/ear- round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now Staff nurse en 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate, Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 

Registered Nurses for 303-bed modern hospital. Po 
sitions available Alt services, no shift rotation. 
Liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa- 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



ONTARIO HYDRO 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSE 

with 

Public Health Nursing Certificate. Interest 
ing and responsible position located in 
Northern Ontario Hydro Colony. 

for further details please 
write to: 

Nursing Supervisor 

ONTARIO HYDRO 

620 University Avenue 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PLUMMER MEMORIAL PUBLIC 
HOSPITAL 

SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO 

Invites applicants for: 

1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 

2. Medical Instructor 

250-bed non-sectarian General Hospital 
with enrolment of 80 students. Salary 
commensurate with qualifications. 

Apply to: 

Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING. 



tional opportunities in area, equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California. 
Phone (JO 7-4400) 15-5-57 



Registered Nurses California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 



hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 




REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 Va hours from San Francisco, 2 



nui iici ne unu uppjy, yerier u i uuty. Salary $425 

per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 

STAFF NURSES: Needed to staff present fully accredit 
ed hospital and new facility to open December 1967. 
All services and shifts available. Good salaries and 
fringe benefits. Will pay transportation to and from. 
Minimum one year contract. For particulars concerning 
hospital and community write: L. E. Thompson, Ad"- 
ministrator, or V. Jenkins, Director of Nursing, Scioto 
Memorial Hospital, Portsmouth, Ohio. 15-36-4 




BOX 1311 C 
DOROTHY EASLEY, R.N. Nurse Recruitment Officer 

1200 North State Street 

Los Angeles, California 90033 

Telephone 213 225-3115 



Are you looking for career nursing opportunities ? 

Do you want more training? 
Do unusual services appeal to you? 

Then you will want 
more information about our hospital 

We are a university teaching hospital 
for two schools of medicine. 

We have over 200 internes, 300 residents 
and a full time medical staff. 

We are one of the world s 
largest medical centers. 

Starting Salary $560. OO/ month 

Credit for degree 

Shift differential 

Credit for experience 

Outstanding Promotional Opportunities 

Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse 

Head Nurse 
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor 



Coronary Care Unit; P.A.R., Intensive Care Units; 

Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting; 

General Medicine; O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery; 

Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab; 

You name it We have it ! 



: EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



General Duty Staff Nurses for 450-bed fully approved 
reaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for 
evening and night duty. High increments. 40-hour 
week, paid vacation based on length of service, 8 paid 
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. Com 
prehensive hospital ization plan. Excellent pension 
plan. Orientation and dynamic in service program. 
Nurses Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries 
and working conditions. Registration to work in 
California required. Address applications to: Chief 
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 Fell 
Street, San Francisco, California 94117. 15-5-6 D 

ATTENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts in 
modern and progressive city of 40,000. 40 hr. 5 
day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holidays, pd. sick leave, 
retirement plan, social security, and insurance plan. 
Accommodations in Nurses Home, meals at reasonable 
rates, uniforms laundered without charge. Start $530 
ro $556 mo. depending on experience plus shift and 
service differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director of 
Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic 
Drive, Modesto, California. 15-5-42 B 

Nurs for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



Staff Duty positions (Nurss) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 

NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed, 
fully accredited. General Hospital in resort area. $461 
per month days and $485 per month evening and 
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro 
chure and policies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene 
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami 
Florida. 15-10-2 A 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 

General Duty Nurses Present hospital 55-beds 
with new 75-bed hospital to open April, 1, 1965. 
Located on Lake Okeechobee near west Palm Beach. 
Liberal personnel policies, 40-hr, wk., bonus at end 
of first year. Minimum starting salary $380, with 
differential for evenings and nights. Apply: Director 
of Nursing Service, Glades General Hospital, P.O. 
Box 928. Belle Glade, Florida. 15-10-3 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



NURSES, Registered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postportum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman s Hospital) 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 



OPERATING ROOM NURSE 

Preference given postgraduate and/or ex 
tensive training. 

For 270-bed acute General Hospital in the 
interior of British Columbia. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B. C. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

The Salem Christian Sanitarium Associa 
tion Inc., which plans to open it s 30-bed 
private Psychiatric Hospital near Toronto 
in 1968, invites applications for the above 
position. Appointment will be made short 
ly to allow Director to participate in 
planning and to take special training if 
advisable. 

Apply to: 

Rev. J. VanHarmelen, 

Box 33, R.R. No. 2, 

Whitby, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For all services including Operating and 
Delivery Room. 

Hospital rapidly expanding to 450 beds. 
Salary $502 to $590 with shift, week-end 
and Charge Nurse differential. 



Write to Nursing Office 

ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 

22101 Moross Road 

Detroit, Michigan 48236 

or Telephone: 881-8200 

(4-11-24) 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



OPPORTUNITY FOR 



GROWTH 

CHANGE 

SPECIALIZATION 



TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 

CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned orientation programme 

Continuing in-service programmes 

Opportunities of a research and teaching hospital 

BROADEN EXPERIENCE 
Positions available: 

General medicine Obstetrics Operating Room 

General Surgery Gynaecology Recovery Room - 

Specialty units and intensive core Cardiovascular 

Respiratory Neurosurgery 

ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 

- Excellent patient care facilities 

Salaries scaled To qualifications and experience 

3 weeks vacation, statutory holidays, cumulative sick leave 

- Life insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme 
Uniforms laundered free 



For additional information, 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

101 College Street, Toronto 1, Ontario 



; REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 




Invites Applications For: 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 

OF ADMINISTRATIVE NURSING 

SUPERVISORS OF CLINICAL AREAS 

0. R. SUPERVISOR 

CASEROOM AND EMERGENCY STAFF 

This modern 750-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Summer of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in patient care and embraces the most modern concepts of team 
nursing. Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
with experience and ability. 

For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 

SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 

Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 



: EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered -- $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 
HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 




UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Invites applications 
for instructors in : 

* Medical-Surgical Nursing 

* Paediatric Nursing 

for four-year basic degree 
programme 

and 

* Nursing Service Administration 
for post-basic degree programme 

Effective date of employment : 
July, 1967 

Salary in accord with University of Alber 
ta salary schedule and commensurate 
with qualifications and experience. Mas 
ter s degree or higher preferred. 

Apply to : 

RUTH E. McCLURE 

DIRECTOR, 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 



STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range S482-S620 

with maximum starting $539 on day shift, 
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit 
given for education and/or experience. 
Opportunity to gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Registration in Texas required. Excellent 
personnel benefits include: 3 weeks vaca 
tion, holidays, cumulative sick leave, 
laundry of uniforms furnished, retirement 
and Social Security programs, Hospitaliza- 
tion, Life and Disability Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 

For application and additional information 
Write to : 

Personnel Manager 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

M.D, ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 

TUMOR INSTITUTE 

Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 




This is a little Eskimo boy 

Sometime during the next year, 
he might fall and hurt himself - 
or get measles or pneumonia. 

He will need the care of a nurse. 



A good nurse. 



Maybe you? 



Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 

for further information write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
for the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 

Address enquiries to: 
DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort William, Ontario 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand 
ing hospital. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Scarborough, Ontario 



FEBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vz million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 j 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center I 

I 



Adflrpss 


1 

1 11 


l-ity 


1 




(PWIip 





} UNIVERSITY 
OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 

Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen 
tre situated on a growing Uni 
versity campus. All service in 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg 
ery offer opportunities for ad 
vancement. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



REGISTERED NURSES 

for General Duty 

In modern 20-bed hospital locat 
ed in thriving northwestern On 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi 
mum for three years experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail 
ability, etc. to: 

Employment Supervisor 

MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 

Marathon, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen 
sion plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



Registered Nurses 

AND 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

For 300-bed Accredited General 
Hospital situated in the pictur 
esque Grand River Valley. 60 
miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital 
providing quality nursing care. 
Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Gait, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

250-bed General Hospital, ex 
panding to 400, located in San 
Francisco, California. Positions on 
all shifts for nurses in Intensive 
Care Unit, Operating Room, and 
General Staff Duty. Salary range 
effective April 1967, $6004700. 
Health and Life Insurance, Retire 
ment Program all hospital 
paid. Liberal holiday and vaca 
tion benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General 
Surgery, Neuro Surgery, Ortho 
pedics, and Plastic Surgery. 

For further information write to: 

Miss Lois Jann, 
Director of Nursing 

FRANKLIN HOSPITAL 

14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California 



THE 

NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 




THE HOSPITAL 

Fully accredited 
Progressive 250 bed hospital 
Planned expansion to 400 beds 
20 minutes to downtown Toronto. 

YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned orientation programme 
Continuing inservice education. 

BENEFITS INCLUDE 

3 weeks vacation 
8 statutory holidays 
Cumulative sick leave 
Group life insurance 
Hospitalization 
40 hour week. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments at reduced rates. 



For information contact: 
Director of Nursing 

NORTHWESTERN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

2175 Keele St., 
Toronto 15, Ont. 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1961 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

Return to: p ALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

REQUIRED FOR 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

TIMMINS, ONTARIO 

MODERN 200 BED HOSPITAL 

EXCELLENT PERSONNEL POLICIES 

PLEASANT TOWN OF 30,000 

WIDE VARIETY OF SUMMER 

AND WINTER SPORTS - 

SWIMMING, BOATING, 

FISHING, GOLFING, SKATING, 

CURLING, TOBOGGANING, 

SKIING AND ICE FISHING. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern l,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. Sick leave 12 days after one 
year, Ontario Hospital Insurance 50% 
payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 




: 



YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

NEWMARKET, ONTARIO 
HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 

patient core concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 

and 24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from 

excellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 

Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance, group 

life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 

required 

to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 

Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 

and well equiped. 

Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 
Qualifications B.Sc.N. 

or 
Diploma in Nursing Education. 



GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 



Apply to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brantford, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

A modern 500-bed hospital located in the heart 
of the beautiful Niagara Peninsula, within 
easy travel distance from Buffalo, Hamilton 
and Toronto, invites applications from: Gener 
al Staff Nurses. 

Pleasant working conditions. Excellent per 
sonnel policies. 



Apply: 
The Director of Nursing Service 

THE ST. CATHARINES 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. Catharines, Ontario 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 196! 



DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap 
proximately 140 students. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 

Minimum requirement - - Bachelor s Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

for further details apply to: 
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 

PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

Peterborough, Ontario 



KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

invites applications for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



The position involves administration of the patient care services of 
a 100-bed modern, accredited general core hospital with medical, 
surgical, obstetrics and paediatric services. Nursing service staff 
comprises 38 graduate nurses, 20 practical nurses and orderlies and 
5 p.n. trainees. 

The Director of Nursing would be directly responsible to the 
Administrator. 

Graduation from an approved School of Nursing essential with 
experience or preparation in patient care administration desirable. 

Location of the hospital is Nelson in the Kootenay Lake Region 
of Southeastern British Columbia, centre of Notre Dame University, 
Kootenay School of Art and B.C. Vocational Training School. It is 
an area of stable economy, temperate climate with varied edu 
cational, cultural, commercial, industrial, administrative and resort 
activity. 



Please direct enquiries or applications stating 
experience, training and references to: 

Administrator, 

KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

3 View Street, Nelson, B. C. 



MORRISTOWN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY 





W -5525555 

: """." ;. *z$ : - - 




unlimited 

professional opportunities. 



EBRUARY 1967 



Morristown Memorial is a modern, full-service, 355-bed regional 
hospital center with excellent opportunities for specialization and 
advancement in all types of positions within the general and spe 
cialty fields. All services are accredited. Our planned orientation 
and continuing in-service training programs are managed by a full- 
time director and supervised by physicians, nurses, and specialists 
in related fields. Three nearby universities offer opportunity for 
advanced study. 

Here at Morristown Memorial you can further your professional 
development while enjoying the advantages of life in a friendly 
suburban community only 30 miles away from the heart of New 
York City. Attractive, low-cost apartments are available within our 
own buildings located but a few steps from the Hospital s entrance. 



Minimum starting salaries are: 

$120.00 weekly (day) $520.00 monthly 

$136.15 weekly (3-11 or 11-7) .... $590.00 monthly 

In addition, we provide a liberal program of fringe benefits. 
You advance to supervisory positions on merit; promotions 

are made from within. 
New Jersey has no state income tax. 

For full information concerning nursing opportunities, write to: 

Miss Ruth C. Anderson, R. N., Asst. Administrator 

Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 1 66-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

TEACHERS 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 

Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 

Apply fo: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

require] 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

For further details, apply: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 

OTTAWA, ONTARIO 

This modern 1087-bed teaching hospital 
requires: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

FOR ALL SERVICES INCLUDING 
OPERATING ROOM AND PSYCHIATRY 

Excellent salaries, personnel policies and 
fringe benefits are available. 

Apply in writing to: 

B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg. N., M.A. 
Assistant Director 



ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 

Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres 
sive industriol city of 22,500. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

With Postgraduate Course in 

Operating Room technique 

and management 

Required for a 375-bed fully 
accredited General Hospital with 
projected reconstruction program. 
Salary based on qualifications 
and experience. 

Fringe benefits include hospital 
and medical coverage, generous 
sick leave, three weeks vacation 
and contributory pension plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

METROPOLITAN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Windsor, Ontario 



RN s- 
LPN s 

Medical-Surgical 

Good starting salary 

In-service education 

12 paid sick days per year 

Tuition refund program 

Free life and 

disability insurance 



Send Resume to: 

Box 1434, 

125 West 41 St. 

New York, N.Y. 10036 

An Equal Opportunity 
Employer M/F 




THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 

SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 

THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 



DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
tor the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 
teaching hospital. Master s degree preferred. Considera 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 

For further information, write to: 

Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee 
c/o Nursing Office, 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario. 



EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Staff positions available in acute and 
convalescent unit of large General Hospital 
located in San Francisco Bay Area. Starting 
salary $550 to $605 plus differential. Ex 
cellent benefits. 



Apply: 

SEQUOIA HOSPITAL 

Whipple and Alameda 

Redwood City, California 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 
apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires the following Faculty 

a) Psychiatric Teacher (One). 

b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement B. Sc. N. 

The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac 
credited hospital with expansion plans 
under active study. Nursing administrative 
education and experience desirable. 
Salary commensurate with qualifications. 

Apply: 

Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Ormstown,, Quebec 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIUE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
1 2 miles from the City of Toronto, has 
openings for: 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 

for information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



EVENING OR NIGHT 
SUPERVISOR 

For 70-bed active hospital located 70 
miles East of Saskatoon. Salary com 
mensurate with experience and qualifica 
tions. Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply : 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. ELIZABETH S HOSPITAL 

Humboldt, Saskatchewan 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough. Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 

requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education building 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 



for further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1% 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



DIRECTOR 

REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
annual enrollment of 30 



an 



students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 



Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Acting Administrator 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



OUR DIRECTOR 

OF NURSING 

needs you 




We re opening a brand new 120- 
bed addition and we need your 
help. We want our patients to 
have the finest of care as well as 
the finest of facilities. If you re a 
professional nurse who s inter 
ested in enhancing your own 
career as well as improving your 
hospital s scope of care, we 
need you. 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 

"Starting salary to $555 a month 
"Expanding, progressive 

500-bed hospital 
"Personal orientation program 
"Liberal fringe benefits 
"Continuing educational programs 
"Airline travel paid 
"Two universities 
"Growing metropolitan area 
""Twenty minutes from nearby 

mountain ski area 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon orcall collect (505-243-9411, Eit. 219) 



Mrs. Susan Dicke Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center. Department B 
Albuquerque. New Mexico 87106 

Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and how 1 may 
contribute to your patient care program. 

Name 


Addrns 


City 


Slat., 


School of Nursing 




Year "f RraHuafinn 


Month 







EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 

Eligible for registration in the 
Province of Ontario. 

Various positions available as SUPER 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
advancement in all areas of modern, 
newly expanded 1,000-bed General Hos 
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten 
sive Care, Emergency, Central Supply, 
Medical and Surgical Units. 

Please contact: 

Director of Nursing 

HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES 

For 75-bed active hospital located 70 
miles East of Saskatoon. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply : 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. ELIZABETH S HOSPITAL 

Humboldt, Saskatchewan 



CAMPS HIAWATHA 

IN THE LAURENTIANS 

50 miles from Montreal and EXPO 

FOR GIRLS FOR BOYS 

To compose its Medical Staff 

for July and August 1967 

requires: 

A RESIDENT PHYSICIAN 

TWO (2) REGISTERED NURSES 

TWO (2) NURSES AIDES 

Staff for the full summer is preferred, but 
arrangements for one month may be had. 
Excellent food and living accommodations; 
Wonderful athletic and recreational faci 
lities. 

Please call or write: 

CAMPS HIAWATHA INC., 

1405 Bishop Street, 

Montreal 25, Quebec 

Tel.: 844-2556 






COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 
CALGARY, ALBERTA 

EDUCATIONAL INSTRUCTOR 

Up to $6,283 per annum 

(depending on qualifications) 
Duties: to conduct in-service training for 

Nurses and Ancillary Staff. 
Qualifications: must be a Registered 
Nurse preferably with advanced train 
ing in nursing education and adminis 
tration. 

Apply immediately to the 

Personnel Office, 

COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 

Quote 998. 



SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO 

Expansion, scheduled to open April 1, 
1967. Registered Nurses salary range 
$400 - $480, per month commensurate 
with experience and qualifications. 

Registered Nursing Assistants salary 
range $295 -$331 per month. Excellent 
personnel polcies. 

For further information and application 
form please write: 

Mrs. M. Brevik 

Director of Nursing 

SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Wallaceburg, Ontario. 



NEW POSITION 
IN-SERVICE CO-ORDINATOR 

required 

to direct, supervise and participate in a 
program of In-Service Education. Require 
ments: Baccalaureate degree. Experience 
in nursing service and education. Keen 
interest in staff development. Initiative 
and leadership ability. 

Enquire: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL COLUMBIAN HOSPITAL 

New Westminster, B.C. 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES 
WE NEED 

YOU 

APPLY TO: 

Director of Nursing Service 

SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Sudbury, Ontario. 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 
requires 

A Supervisor for evening and night rota 
tion of duty and A Supervisor for in- 
service education programme for 166-bed 
hospital within easy driving distance of 
American and Canadian metropolitan 
centres, consideration given for previous 
experience obtained in Canada. Comple 
tely furnished apartment-style residence, 
including balcony and swimming pool 
facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario. 



ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Modern active treatment hospital Super 
visors required for days, evening and 
night duty for Paediatric and Medical 
Nursing Units. General Duty for all servi 
ces including Intensive Care Unit. Excel 
lent working conditions and current per 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience and Postgraduate 
qualifications. 

Apply: 

Personnel Office, 

ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 196 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30- 4:00, 3:30 - 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

TEACHERS 

For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 

Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 

Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 

You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 

the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 

Expo 67. 

For further information contact: 

The Director, School of Nursing 

BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brockville, Ontario 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement -- B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



BRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Just over the Golden Gate 
from San Francisco in "Marvelous Marin". Modern ex- 
ponding 250 bed hospital. Opportunities in medical, 
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia 
tric areas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary, based 
on education and experience starting from $600 to 
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10% and 
7 %, plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for 
graduate study in nearby colleges and universities, 
Stimulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex 
citing off-duty attractions of nearby San Francisco, 
the Redwoods, ocean swimming and mountain skiing. 
Contact: Personnel Director, Marin General Hospital, 
Box 30 San Rafael, California. 15-5-69 A 

REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 



$700 monthly. Write : Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 

REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement In atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago s 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp 
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 




SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGILL UNIVERSITY 



PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 

Two years from McGill Senior Matriculation or three years from McGill Junior 
Matriculation or the equivalents. In First Year the student elects one clinical 
setting in which to study nursing, selecting from 

Maternal and Child Health Nursing 

Medical-Surgical Nursing 

Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 

Public Health Nursing 

In Final Year the student studies in nursing education, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 

Teaching of Nursing 

Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals 

Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 

DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 

A program of two academic years for nurses with a baccalaureate degree. 
Students elect to major in: 

Development and Administration of Educational Programs in Nursing 

Nursing Service Administration in Hospitals and Public Health Agencies 

PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 

leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

A five-year program for students with McGill Junior Matriculation or its equivalent. 
This program combines academic and professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in the McGill teaching hospitals and selected health agencies. This broad 
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares 
nurses for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community. 

for further particulars write to: 

DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 




DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 



Degree Course in Basic Nursing (B.N.) 
4 years 

A program extending over four calendar 
years leading to the Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered to candidates with a 
Nova Scotia Grade XII standing (or equiv 
alent) and prepares the student for nursing 
practice in hospitals and the community. 
The curriculum includes studies in the 
humanities, nursing and the sciences. 

Degree Course for Registered Nurses 
(B.N.) 3 years 

A program extending over three academic 
years is offered to Registered Nurses who 
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes studies in 
the humanities, sciences and a nursing 
specialty. 

Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses 
1 year 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

for further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 

NEW DIPLOAAA PROGRAM 
in 

OUTPOST NURSING 

A program extending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remote 
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas 
within the course of study will include : 

Public health nursing 

Complete midwifery 

Basic clinical medicine 
Instruction will be highly individualized. 
1st year To be spent at the University. 
2nd year To consist of an internship 
directed by the University in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have completed at 
least one year of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the program students 
will receive a Diploma in Public Health 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost 
Nursing. 

For further information write to: 

Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 19 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in 
>ur 1 ,000- bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
aolicies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
:ultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
lousing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
>n nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
Dosition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
loom 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
lircle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 



legistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
vents) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
Jniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
it $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 



Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201. 75-38-1 



Staff Nurst: Live with your family in an attractive 
2 bedroom furnished home for $55 per month, 
including utilities, and work in o suburban Cleve 
land hospital. Starting salary range $420 $445 
with 6 and 12 month increments. Excellent transpor 
tation to hospital door. Outstanding schools and 
cultural opportunities. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Sunny Acres Hospital, 4310 Richmond Road, 
Cleveland, Ohio 44122. 15-36-1 E 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poll- 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 1 5-36-1 D 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neyrosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, J959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 96105. 15-48-2D 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOAAA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



OPERATING ROOM NURSE 

FOR 

DEEP RIVER HOSPITAL 

Must have successfully completed a post 
graduate course in operating room tech 
niques or have had two or three years 
experience. Fringe benefits include super 
annuation, holidays, group insurance, hos 
pital and medical plans. 

State all particulars in first letter to: 

FILE 11 E 
ATOMIC ENERGY O CANADA 

LIMITED 
Chalk River, Ontario. 



EBRUARY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



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nurse in mind. 

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I 

ASSISTOSCOPE * is available with black or 
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or clothing. 

Order 1rom\ 




tCheck with your Director 
of Nursing or P.A. today 
on how you can buy 
ASSISTOSCOPE at 
special group prices. 




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MONTREAL 21 QUEBEC 

TRADE MARK 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 

Salary range for General Staff positions 

$360.00 - $420.00 per month 

and other liberal benefits. 



Direct enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing, 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

February 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Ltd 14, 15 

Ames Company of Canada Ltd 17 

Bland Uniforms Limited 9 

Boehringer Ingelheim Products 20 

British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd 52 

The Clinic Shoemakers 2 

Canadian University Service Overseas 26 

Department of National Defense, Ottawa 22 

Four Seasons Travel 19 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 16 

W. J. Gage Co. Ltd 21 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 5 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 57 

J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd 24 

Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd 54 

C.V. Mosby Co 11 

J. T. Posey Company 6 

Reeves Company 12 

W. B. Saunders Company 1 

Sterilon of Canada 53 

Uniforms Registered Cover III 

United Surgical Corporation 55 

White Sister Uniforms Inc. Cover II 

Winthrop Laboratories Cover IV 



Advertising 

Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
1 70 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



FEBRUARY 1967 



March 1967 



UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, 
SChOOL OF NURSING 
OTTAWA, ONT. 

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&//Y/0/?/ 
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY 

The revised and updated new edition of this widely- 
adopted text is a well-rounded, authoritative presentation 
of the fundamentals of inorganic, organic and physiological 
chemistry for nurses. Practical applications of chemistry to 
nursing are made throughout this new edition. New chap 
ters discuss: milliequivalents; nucleoproteins and nucleic 
acids; electrolyte balance; water balance; acid-base bal 
ance; biochemistry of genetics. The new interpretation of 
the mechanism of chemical reaction is explained and the 
distribution of electrons in the shells and subshells of the 
outer structures of atoms is discussed in detail. 

By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition, 
approx. 412 pages, 6 3 / 4 " x 9 3 / 4 ", 55 illustrations, 3 in color. About 

A New Book! 
PEDIATRIC NURSING 

Effectively integrating psychological aspects of child care 
with a clear, comprehensive description of pediatric nurs 
ing, this authoritative new text incorporates the best 
features of the patient-centered and disease-oriented ap 
proaches to pediatric nursing. Full chapters discuss visual 
testing, common psychometric tests, normal nutrition and 
mental retardation. Specialized areas of clinical pediatrics 
and information on growth and development are discussed 
in great depth. The latest thinking is presented on: care 
of the child with congenital heart disease; common inborn 
errors of metabolism; prenatal influences on the baby in 
utero. 

By HELEN C. LATHAM, R.N., B.S., M.L., M.S.: and ROBERT V. 
HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. With the collaboration of ROBERT P. 
THOMAS, M.D., and MARGARET MOORE, B.S., R.N. Publication date: 
May. 1967. Approx. 640 pages, 7" x 10", 139 illustrations. About 

$8. 1 0. 



New 5th Edition! 

A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY 

The new edition of this completely up-to-date manual pre 
sents 65 exercises on inorganic, organic and physiological 
chemistry for nurses, and includes new exercises on ioniza- 
tion and thin-layer chromotography. Though designed for 
use with the new 10th edition of Roe, PRINCIPLES OF 
CHEMISTRY, it easily adapts to use with any required text. 

By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition, 
approx. 240 pages, 5>/ 2 " x SY 2 ", 12 illustrations, 2 color plates, 
figures A to L. About $4.05. 



New 4th Edition! 

CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 

Including Techniques 

Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care of 
the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly revised, 
superbly illustrated new edition of this popular text em 
phasizes fundamental principles in providing authoritative 
guidance in all aspects of the nurse s duties in surgery. Two 
entirely new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear" and "Ophthal 
mic Surgery," have been added. Basic requirements of an 
operating room nursing service are definitively explained, 
including a new approach to surgical suite design. The 
most recent advances in chest, heart and gynecologic sur 
gery are discussed in detail . 

By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BURLEY, 
B.S., M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND 
VALLERI, B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication date: March, 1967. 4th edition, 
approx. 810 pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustrations, 5 in color. About $15.70. 



THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD. 

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(ARCH 1967 




Publishers 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 






J 



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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1%: 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 



Volume 63, Number 3 



March 1967 



26 Katherine E. MacLaggan - - A Tribute 

29 Medical Care of Eskimo Children 

32 Nursing in the North 

34 Outpost Nursing 

36 Drug Dependency Research - 

Expensive Luxury or Necessary Commodity? 

39 Use of Narcotics in Addict Therapy 

42 Care of Patients Addicted to Non-narcotic Drugs 

45 Deserter of People? 

47 Standardization George T. Maloney 

49 Hospital and Health Care What Price? S. J. Maubach 



N. Steinmetz 

Ruth E. May 

Ingeborg Paulus 

Robert Halliday 

Mary L. Epp 

Jean Wilkinson 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 
7 News 
18 Names 

21 In a Capsule 

22 New Products 



23 Dates 

51 Research Abstracts 

53 Books 

58 Films 

88 Official Directory 



Cover photo courtesy National Health and Welfare, Ottawa. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, S5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and . the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1966 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



ARCH 1967 



We mourn the death of our 
President, Katherine E. MacLaggan. 
The poignancy of our grief is 
intensified by knowing that one of the 
country s greatest leaders in nursing 
has been taken from us prematurely. 
Our consolation lies in the legacy 
of inspiration and example that she 
bequeathed to us. 

Our greatest tribute to the late 
president will be found not in words, 
but in action action that 
continues her work and builds on 
and elaborates her beliefs. 

Dr. MacLaggan s objective was 
to make the Canadian Nurses 
Association the strongest force for 
nursing leadership in the country. 
She was convinced that CNA haa to 
speak out on issues affecting nurses 
and nursing, and had to be the 
body that generates action. She also 
was convinced that the Association 
had underestimated its own power 
for exerting influence. "We are 
80,000 members banded together," 
she often said, "and we have never 
tapped our resources." 

"Think big" was a frequent 
admonishment from Dr. MacLaggan 
when there was temptation to place 
expediency first. She believed that if 
Association objectives were to be 
achieved, we could no longer "think 
small" in terms of money, resources, 
or other decisions that would affect 
future generations of nurses. 

Dr. MacLaggan always "thought 
big." Those who continue her work 
can do no less. -- Editor. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Revised income tax act 

Dear Editor: 

I was delighted to read "Wanted a 
Revised Income Tax Act" (Editorial, Jan 
uary, 1967). Hoorah for you. We have 
been quiet far too long. 

Many of us mothers wonder whether it 
is worthwhile to continue to put our skills 
and knowledge to work. You have revived 
the spark in us. Guide us in speaking "loud 
ly enough and in unison." 

I would like to congratulate the staff 
on the excellent issues that have been 
published. (Mrs.) J. Fedak, B.Sc.N., 
Toronto, Ontario. 



Dear Editor: 

We have sent a copy of your editorial 
(January, 1967) with a covering letter to 
our local M.P. and a petition with 64 names. 
Maybe our action will spur on other nursing 
groups to do the same. (Mrs.) O. Raws- 
thorne, inservice education instructor, Vic 
toria General Hospital, Winnipeg, Man. 



Not censored 

Dear Editor: 

An R.N. South Africa stated in "letters" 
(November 1966) that pages 17 and 18 
had been removed from her June 1966 
issue. She stated "...the mail is censored 
here and I would like to know what was on 
the page that made them tear it off." 

I checked the particular issue in the 
library of the South African Nursing As 
sociation and find that page 17 carries an 
advertisement by the Canadian Tampax 
Corporation offering free color charts of 
the standing female pelvic and reproductive 
organs. Page 18 carried the excellent "New 
Products" section. 

It seems that somebody was interested 
in the products advertised, for it is a fal 
lacy that mail is censored in this country. 
Dr. Charlotte Searle, director, Division of 
Professional Development, The South Afri 
can Nursing Association. 



Extra copies? 

Dear Editor: 

We are in need of copies of the January, 
February, and March 1966 issues of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE for our library and school 
of nursing. If any readers have copies of 
these issues available we would appreciate 
receiving them. R.N., Ontario. 

Available copies can be sent to The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Otta 
wa 4, Ontario. Editor. 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



University education 

Dear Editor: 

I wish to congratulate you and your co- 
workers for the last issue of L lnfirmiere 
Canadienne, which featured articles on uni 
versity nursing education. 

We were very pleased with its presenta 
tion and I am personally very proud to see 
it circulated throughout Canada and 
abroad. Sister Jacqueline Bouchard, 

Director, School of Nursing, Universite de 
Moncton. 

Dear Editor: 

I read with great interest the December 
issue, particularly the articles by Glenna 
Rowsell and Margaret Steed. Vera Osto- 
povitch, nursing service advisor, Saskat 
chewan Registered Nurses Association. 

Dear Editor: 

I enjoyed Glenna Rowsell s article in the 
December issue. I want to congratulate 
her on a fine job. Myrtle Pearl Stiver, 
former executive director of the Canadian 
Nurses Association. 

Dear Editor: 

I am very pleased to have an extra 
copy of THE CANADIAN NURSE for Decem 
ber, which contains the feature on "Uni 
versity School of Nursing in Canada." 

I think the article is very nicely done 
and of service not only to prospective 
students but to those of us in the schools 
who meet so infrequently. 

Please convey our appreciation to your 
staff members with whom we had a pleasant 
visit here in Montreal last summer. - 
Elizabeth Logan, Director, School for 
Graduate Nurses, McGill University. 

Dear Editor: 

Thank you for the complimentary copy 
of THE CANADIAN NURSE. I think the article 
is very well done and you will be pleased 
to know that as a result we have had ap 
plications to our school from other pro 
vinces. Joyce Nevitt, Director, School 
of Nursing, Memorial University of New 
foundland. 

Dear Editor: 

Thank you for your extra issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE with the article on the 
universities. It was a very kind gesture 
and I do wish to compliment you on this 
article. It will be most helpful, I am sure. 
Sr. Francoise Robert, s.g.c., director, 
University of Ottawa School of Nursing. 
Ottawa. 



From the four corners 

Dear Editor: 

I read with interest "Nurses on 
Move," a letter to the editor by Mis 
Rosemarie Gascoyne (October 1966) 
Could we have permission to reprint it 
our Philippine Journal of Nursing ? It 
be interesting reading for our nurses her 
in the Philippines. 

A suggestion that caught my attentio; 
is the possibility that the Internationa- 
Nurses Association could "produce a syster 
where a nurse would be acceptable an 
able to work in any country." I hope th 
ICN will be able to evolve a commo 
basic curriculum for approval of the bod 
at the coming ICN conference in Canadi 

I see a new look in The Canadia, 
Nurse. The cover page is pleasing to be 
hold ! Of all the magazines we have in out 
library, your journal is the most referre* 
to by students and graduate nurses. Jos 
E. Sumagaysay, executive secretary, Phi 
lippine Nurses Association. 

Dear Editor: 

Thank you for an excellent nursing maj 
azine which has become the best in ani 
country. For years I have been passing m 
copies on to students and graduates alikt 
and they all comment that THE CANADIAI 
NURSE has the best articles printed. 

"Letters" (January, 1967) was most in 
teresting to me, an obstetrical supervisoi 
but I believe the finest article was in th 
November, 1966 issue. I have read Mis 
Pepper s article over and over again. I wa 
reading between the lines as I knew all o 
the girls in the army pictures and spent som 
time in Italy with No. 14 C.G. HospitE 
during the war. Keep up the good work. - 
Marjorie (Lodge) Collister, Riverdale, I! 
linois. 

Dear Editor: 

I very much enjoy my monthly copy o 
THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is so informativ 
and up-to-date ! When one is away fror 
home, in another country, news of one 
fellow nurses is wonderful for the morale 
Ruth A. Jort, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Dear Editor: 

I enclose a draft for my subscription t 
THE CANADIAN NURSE for two further year. 

In my opinion this is the best of th 
nursing journals all articles on a specifi 
subject are contained in the same issu 
rather than in several. This saves the bothe 
of collecting them all together. W.P 
S.R.N., Cumberland, England. 

MARCH 196 



"In spite of today s apparent explosion 

in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 



A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 

This small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con 
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 

One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls whether 




or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
doctors all should be provided with in 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 

To assist you in explaining menstru 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 



1. Israel, S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen. 
Virginia L: J. Am. M. Women s A. 20:557, 1965. 



TAMPAX 



SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION .LTD., 
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Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons. 

Name __^_ 



Address. 



ARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



FLAGYL 




trichomonacide 



oral tablets of 250 mg 
vaginal tablets of 500 mg 



Full information is available on request 




oulenc 



6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



news 



Committee on Nursing Education 
Begins Biennium 

Canada s 188 nursing schools diploma 
and basic baccalaureate programs gradu 
ated a total of 7,360 nurses in 1965. This 
was an increase of only 99 over the previous 
year. This small increase is not sufficient to 
maintain present demands for nurses and 
could result in an increasing shortage of 
nurses with the coming of Medicare. 

These figures were presented by Mrs. Lois 
Graham-Gumming, Research Department, 
Canadian Nurses Association, to the Stand 
ing Committee on Nursing Education at its 
first meeting of the 1966-68 biennium in 
mid-February. 

They represent only one of the problems 
under consideration by the committee. 

Chairman Kathleen Arpin reminded the 
committee, comprised of the elected repre 
sentatives on nursing education from the 
10 provincial associations, that as a national 
organization the CNA must undertake to 
provide realistic policies and definitive state 
ments on nursing and nursing education. 
The committee s job is to investigate thor 
oughly and recommend appropriate policies 
to the Board for consideration and action. 

The committee is expected to examine 
certain specific areas of nursing education. 
Recommendations regarding a definitive 
statement on nursing, admission criteria in 
schools of nursing, and the need for and 
utilization of resources and facilities essential 
for the practice and learning of nursing will 
likely be made to the Board during the next 
biennium. 

Nation-wide Exams for 
Canadian Nurses? 

The first meeting of the Canadian Nurses 
Association s ad hoc committee on National 
Examinations was held in Ottawa on January 
23-25, 1967. The committee had been asked 
to explore and assemble all data pertinent 
to the development of a Canadian system 
of registration examinations (machine-scor 
ed), and to make recommendations to the 
CNA Board of Directors as to possible CNA 
involvement. 

The need for immediate action on Cana 
dian nursing examinations has arisen because 
the American Nurses Association recom 
mended at their meeting in June, 1966, that 
the National League for Nursing discontinue 
the use of examinations in jurisdictions out 
side the United States. The National League 
for Nursing has notified those provinces 
that are now using the examinations that 
they will not be available as of 1969. 

MARCH 1967 



CNA Auxiliary Meet 




Two members of the Canadian Nurses Association National Office Auxiliary, 
Miss E. Cale, President (right) and Mrs. G.P. Williams (left) examine a recent 
issue of The Canadian Nurse with Editor Virginia Lindabury. The Auxiliary, 
which was organized in 1955 to entertain international visitors and to help 
with the cataloguing and indexing of periodicals in the CNA library, held 
its annual meeting early in February at National Office. 



At the three-day meeting, the committee 
investigated measures for developing a Cana 
dian system of examinations, and considered 
interim measures for the provinces until such 
a service could be established. 

Mrs. Mary Shields, formerly of the Test 
Construction Unit of the National League 
for Nursing, was guest speaker at the meet 
ing. She spoke on the procedures and prob 
lems in the development of licensure exam 
inations. 

The committee has prepared recommenda 
tions for submission to the Board of Di 
rectors meeting in March. 



Official Opening - CNA House 

Her Excellency, Madame Georges P. 
Vanier, wife of Canada s Governor-General, 
will officially open the new home of the 
Canadian Nurses Association on Wednes 
day, March 15, 1967. 

The opening of CNA House will precede 
the meeting of the CNA Board of Directors 
on March 16 and 17 so that full repre 
sentation of all association members will be 
assured. 



On this occasion the Board, on behalf of 
all CNA members, will be host to state 
officials and representatives of national asso 
ciations and agencies who will be invited to 
attend the ceremonies. 

The first sod for the $800,000 building 
was turned on April 1, 1965. The office 
building provides 20,000 square feet of office 
space. Architect J.W. Strutt designed the 
building. 

Nurses Speak at Hospital 
Administrators Meeting 

Four nurses formed the faculty for a 
day at the Second Educational Assembly 
on Hospital Administration held by the 
American College of Hospital Administra 
tors, District 8, in Winnipeg early in Jan 
uary. 

Miss Margaret Steed, Consultant, Nurs 
ing Education for the Canadian Nurses 
Association; Miss Jean Anderson, Director 
of Nursing Service at Victoria Public Hos 
pital, Fredericton; Sister Therese Caston- 
guay, Superintendent of Nursing Educa 
tion for Saskatchewan; and Mrs. K. Mc- 
Laughlin, Research Analyst in Nursing at 
the Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



examined the question "Who will give nurs 
ing care?" on the first day of the sessions. 

"Nursing care should be given by a 
nurse, qualified and registered for the prac 
tice of nursing. Until nursing care is ad 
ministered by nurses we cannot hope to 
solve our nursing service problems quali 
tatively," Miss Steed told the audience. 
She defined the CNA s recommendations 
regarding the two categories of nurses, their 
preparation and utilization as a means for 
improving patient care. "The care func 
tions are the ones now most often dele 
gated to nursing assistants and nursing 
aides." She noted that nursing service will 
need to be complimented by auxiliary per 
sonnel, but told the hospital administra 
tors that a need for interpretation and cla 
rification of the roles, functions, and res 
ponsibilities of all those employed to per 
form nursing services was essential. 

About 140 hospital administrators from 
across Canada attended the five-day meet 
ing. The seminar sessions on "problem 
areas," at which the nurses spoke, was 
limited to 50 delegates to ensure effective 
participation in the discussion. 

Institutes on New Educational 
Program in Saskatchewan 

A series of six workshops on nursing 
education are being sponsored by the Saska 
tchewan Department of Education, Nursing 
Education Division. The workshops are for 
teaching personnel in nursing schools and 
other persons interested in the proposed 
changes in nursing education in the province. 

Three workshops are scheduled for Regina 
and three for Saskatoon. They were organiz 
ed to help prepare nurse educators for 
changes that have revolutionized the pattern 
of nursing education within the province 
since the responsibility for nursing educa 
tion was transferred from the Department 
of Public Health to the Department of 
Education in April, 1966. 

The changes include the establishment of 
two regional schools and the closure of all 
existing hospital nursing programs. The first 
of the two regional schools is expected to 
open its doors to some 250 students this 
fall in Saskatoon. Hospital schools in Prince 
Albert, Humboldt, Yorkton, and Saskatoon 
will no longer admit students. No date has 
been set for the opening of the regional 
school for the southern region of the pro 
vince, and hospitals there will continue to 
operate existing programs. 

Miss D. Rowles, supervisor of the nursing 
program at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute 
in Toronto, was guest speaker at the first 
institute on January 17 in Saskatoon. She 
spoke on nursing programs within education 
al institutions. Dr. H.K. Mussallem, exe 
cutive director of the Canadian Nurses 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Auxiliary Donates Bus Shelter 




The Riverview Hospital Auxiliary in 
Windsor recently made a unique and 
practical contribution to patients and 
their visitors. At a cost of $1,650 the 
Auxiliary had a bus shelter built directly 
across from the hospital. 

According to Phyllis Purcell, public 
relations chairman of the Riverview 
Auxiliary, the need for a bus shelter to 
protect hospital visitors from the cold 
winds that blow across the Detroit River 
has been recognized for some time. Last 



year, the hospital board asked the Auxil 
iary to assume the cost of this project. 

The Auxiliary hoped to have a metal 
shelter built, but the cost was prohibitive. 
Realizing that the shelter did not have 
to be glamorous to serve its purpose, the 
Auxiliary settled for a wooden building. 
The design was approved by the city and 
the shelter erected. 

Now, both visitors and staff at River- 
view can await the bus in comfort 
thanks to an enterprising Auxiliary. 



Association, addressed the second meeting 
on February 24 in Regina. She stressed the 
need for nurses to welcome change in our 
nursing education practices, and pointed out 
that change was long overdue. 

Other workshops will be held in Regina 
on April 17-18, when Mrs. M. Levine of 
Chicago will speak on the selection of learn 
ing experiences, and in May, when Dr. R.N. 
Anderson will discuss the evaluation of stu 
dent performance. In Saskatoon, Miss H. 
Keeler, director of the nursing program 
at the University of Saskatchewan, will 
speak March 22 on the reasons for shorten 
ing nursing programs. In June, a workshop 
on teaching by principles will be directed 
by Mrs. R. M. Coombs of Hamilton, On 
tario. 

Sister Therese Castonguay, superintendent 
for the nursing education division of the 
department of education, anticipates that the 
workshops will aid existing faculty to pre 
pare for the coming programs. 

Brockville Nurses Certified 
As Bargaining Unit 

After almost a year s wait, the Nurses 
Association at Brockville General Hospital 
has been certified as a bargaining unit by 
the Ontario Labour Relations Board. The 
collective bargaining phase now can begin. 

The Nurses Association proposed that the 



bargaining unit consist of all registered and 
graduate nurses, both full-time and part- 
time, who are employed by the Brockville 
General Hospital. The hospital proposed a 
unit of "all graduate nursing staff regularly 
employed in the nursing units, nursery, 
emergency department, operating room, cen 
tral service and delivery room, save and 
except assistant head nurses and persons 
above that rank and daily basis relief nurses. 

The unit as finally certified by the On 
tario Labour Relations Board includes all 
registered and graduate nurses at B.G.H. 
who are engaged in nursing care and in 
teaching, except head nurses and persons 
above the rank of head nurse, and those 
regularly employed for not more than 24 
hours a week. 

The Labour Relations Board further stated 
that all registered and graduate nurses at 
B.G.H. who are engaged in nursing care 
and regularly employed for not more than 
24 hours per week "constitute a unit of the 
employees of the respondent appropriate for 
collective bargaining." 

The Brockville group is the third Nurses 
Association in Ontario to be certified as 
a bargaining unit. Nurses at Riverview Hos 
pital, Windsor, and at St. Joseph s General 
Hospital, Peterborough, were certified in 
1966. 

(Continued on page 10) 
MARCH 1967 



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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



(Continued from page 8) 

P.E.I. Discusses Collective 
Bargaining 

A three-phase plan of action for better 
salaries and working conditions for Prince 
Edward Island s nurses was proposed by a 
Conference on Socio-economic Welfare in 
Charlottetown in mid-January. 

Representatives from all but two of the 
Island s hospitals met for a three-day session 
on collective bargaining for professionnal 
personnel. Miss Glenna Rowsell, nursing 
consultant, Canadian Nurses Association, 
chaired the conference, which was attended 
by about 30 persons each day. 

The provincial association is presently 
unable to bargain under the Labour Rela 
tions Act in the province, and the nurses 
wished to ascertain the prospects for im 
proving their economic position through 
collective bargaining. PEI s nurses are among 
the lowest paid in Canada. 

The conference drew up a plan of action 
for the coming year. The first step is to 
inform the members about labor legislation 
and to discover the kind of legislation want 
ed. The association may then suggest the 
appropriate legislation and undertake to 
convince the provincial legislature of the 
practicability of the nurses stand. 

"This three-phase attack -- involvement 
of the members and promotion of educa 
tion on industrial relations legislation, fol 
lowed by an Association stand on the type 
of legislation suited to the needs of its 
nurses, followed by a concerted effort to- 
convince the legislature is a most in 
telligent and workable plan," reports Miss 
Rowsell. "It could eventually lead to more 
satisfied nurses and better patient care." 

Gifts to Archives 

The Mary Agnes Snively Archives Col 
lection at CNA House continues to grow. 
Three new gifts to the collection have 
recently been received. 

A collection of books, including a set of 
Keating s Cyclopedia of the Diseases of 
Children, 1890, was received from the 
Miramichi Hospital, Newcastle, N.B. A 
print depicting a hospital scene in Middle 
sex, England, in 1808 was donated by Lucy 
R. Seymer, author of various histories of 
nursing. 

The most recent addition was a memo 
rial plate presented by the Medicine Hat 
Chapter of the Alberta Association of Re 
gistered Nurses. 

CNA Librarian Margaret Parkin ex 
pressed interest in further additions, espe 
cially to the collection of early nursing 
caps. "We are anxious to receive the large 
and unusual ones worn in the 1800 s," 
she said. "We would like to receive any 
distinctive Canadian ones for a special 
Centennial year display." 

MARCH 1967 



news 



Quebec Nurses 
Granted Certification 

The United Nurses of Montreal, which has 
organized within District No. 1 1 of the Asso 
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que 
bec, recently announced that the Quebec 
Labour Relations Board has granted certi 
fication to 10 groups of nurses in hospitals 
and health agencies. It is expected that the 
remaining 18 hospitals and agencies will 
receive certification as soon as the petitions 
are presented to the Labour Relations Board. 

The union includes nurses in both mana 
gement and non-management positions. 

All nurses in the district, both French 
and English, are invited to become members 
of the association. The United Nurses of 
Montreal now has an office located at 3506 
University Street, Room 14, Montreal. 

DBS to Survey Nurses Salaries 

The Dominion Bureau of Statistics will 
conduct a survey of salaries of graduate 
nurses employed in the public general and 
allied special hospitals of Canada. 

The survey, to be carried out this spring, 
is being undertaken with the active sup 
port of the Canadian Nurses Association 
and the Canadian Hospital Association, and 
with consultation from the Department of 
Manpower and Immigration. 

It is expected that survey results will 
be available in the summer in a published 
report by the Bureau. Salary data will be 
presented according to the graduate nurses 
employment category (directors, supervi 
sors, head nurses, teachers, general duty), 
their lay or religious status, and whether 
they are currently registered or not. The 
survey questionnaire will be designed so 
that hospitals will be able to provide the 
data from payroll or personnel records with 
a minimum of effort. 

The Canadian Nurses Association, with 
the support of the Canadian Hospital As 
sociation, requested the survey. Salaries 
of many professional types are available 
in Canada but nurses, of whom so many 
are employed in hospitals, do not have any 
valid salary information that can be com 
pared from region to region in Canada. 
The Dominion Bureau of Statistics has 
agreed, therefore, to approach hospitals in 
Canada and obtain from them the salary 
information from payroll data as of Feb 
ruary 28, 1967, for all full-time personnel 
employed in the nursing categories out 
lined. 

All graduate nurses who are employed 
on a full-time basis are to be included in 
this survey. If a nurse is employed in a 
dual position, her entry in the position in 
which she spends the major portion of her 
time will be recorded. 

MARCH 1967 



Space Suits For Nurses 



Nurses working in the operating rooms 
of the new 300-bed Riverside Hospital of 
Ottawa are becoming used to being teased 
about their "space suits." It is true, how 
ever, that their two-piece trouser-suits with 
the built-in boots do resemble costumes 
from a science-fiction TV serial. 

The use of the occlusive garb is a part 
of a two-year controlled federal-provincial 
research program on control of infections 
in operating rooms. 

Previous studies, such as the one carried 
out at the Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, have 
shown that the perineum, thighs, and feet 
are primary sources of viable bacteria and 
that these organisms become airborne in 
the course of normal activity. The neck, 
arms, and waist openings are apparently not 
important as sites for the escape of skin 
organisms. 

Conventional operating room dress per 
mits the escape of skin bacteria from the 
lower extremities, so the staff at River 
side are using a trouser and blouse outfit. 
The one-piece trouser-shoe outfit is made 
of an all-cotton tightly-woven fabric; a tie 
at the ankle provides for length adjustment. 
The shoe has the conductive sole. The tunic 
is three-quarter length with back fastenings 
and is made of regular cotton. A special 
over-boot is worn in the theatre as addi 
tional protection. 

The trouser-suits are worn only in the 
theatre section of the hospital. No one 
other than the operating room staff in their 
specially designed outfits and the patients 
ready for surgery are admitted to the 
operating room areas. 

Miss Olive Brissett, a graduate of Wan- 
stad Hospital, London, England, is shown 
modeling the outfit for THE CANADIAN NURSE. 









I 




Nurses Serve Abroad With 
External Aid 

A reputation for "quality, professionalism 
and flexibility" has been earned by Cana 
dian nurses, who represent 60 percent of 
those serving abroad under Canada s Ex 
ternal Aid Program. 

Whether as a staff nurse in Vietnam, a 
pediatric nurse in Tunisia, or a nursing 
instructor in Trinidad, the Canadian nurse 
is playing an important part in the External 
Aid Program. 

As part of its program the External Aid 
Office fills requests from various under 
developed countries for medical personnel. 

A file in the International Health Divi 
sion of the Department of National Health 
and Welfare contains the personal history 
forms of nurses interested in serving abroad. 
From this file and through consultations 
with the Canadian Nurses Association and 



the university schools of nursing, Dr. B.D.B. 
Layton, principal medical officer, is able 
to fill the requests for medical person 
nel. 

Salaries are arranged to be as attractive 
as possible. Above a basic salary, which 
is commensurate with World Health Organ 
ization and Pan American Health Program 
salaries, Canada s External Aid Program 
provides a non-taxable overseas allowance. 

To keep the program from defeating its 
purpose, a five-year maximum time limit 
has been set on overseas service. "In theory 
a country is setting out its own health 
plan," said Dr. Layton. "We provide tem 
porary help for the country, not careers 
for ourselves." 

In most cases, the Canadian nurses help 
to staff existing hospitals or schools of 
nursing. In Tunisia, the Canadian Govern 
ment has undertaken a different type of 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



project in agreement with the Tunisian 
government. The Hopital d Enfants in Tunis 
is being operated by a staff of 49 Canadians 
who fill positions as medical advisors, 
pediatric nurses, radiologists, and physio 
therapists. 

The challenges and opportunities that 
the External Aid Program offers are varied. 
Canadian nurses have become international 
ly known through their readiness to part 
icipate in all aspects of the program. 



Public Support Needed For 
Psychiatric Programs 

Voluntary organizations in mental health 
services are neglected, according to C.A. 
Roberts, executive director of the Clarke 
Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto. 

Dr. Roberts, who presented the first an 
nual C.M. Hincks Memorial Lectures at the 
University of Ottawa s Faculty of Medicine 
in February, appealed for more public sup 
port in mental health programs. "Where 
there is public apathy," he said, "poor health 
services result." 

Dr. Roberts pointed out that voluntary 
organizations can be very effective in chang- 




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ing public attitudes toward mentaJ illness 
and in removing the stigma that still sur 
rounds this type of illness. 

The Hincks Memorial Lectures, a tribute 
to Dr. Clarence M. Hincks, founder and 
first director of the Canadian Mental Health 
Association, will be presented annually in 
an Ontario university having a medical 
school. 

Invitations Available For 
Expo Attraction 

A series of 28 lectures to be presented 
by internationally known experts in their 
fields will be a feature attraction at Expo 
67 this year. 

Of special interest to nurses will be lec 
tures by Sir Macfarlane Burnet, Nobel 
Laureate (Medicine) from Australia, (June 
12th); Dr. William Barry Wood Jr., Direc 
tor of The Johns Hopkins University Depart 
ment of Microbiology, (June 19th); and Mr. 
K. Helveg Petersen, Authority of Adult Edu 
cation from Denmark, (June 26th). Other 
topics will range from "Development Trends 
in Contemporary Literature" to "Orient 
Pearls in the World Oyster." 

The lectures, sponsored by Noranda Mines 
Limited, will be delivered at the DuPont 
of Canada Auditorium located on the site 
of the Exhibition He Sainte-Helene. 

The modern auditorium is completely 
equipped for the simultaneous translation 
of lectures into either English or French. 
The lecture by Academician Mikhail Sho- 
lokhov, to be delivered in Russian, will be 
simultaneously translated into both English 
and French. 

Attendance at any of the one-hour lec 
tures is by special invitation only. Appli 
cations for invitations, or requests for in 
formation, should be sent to Mr. D. Hunka, 
Organizing Secretary, Science Programme, 
Expo 67, Mackay Pier, Montreal, P.Q. Ap 
plications, to be treated on a first-come- 
first-serve basis, can be accepted only in 
writing. 

Canadian Doctors Visit China 

At the invitation of the Chinese Medical 
Association three Canadian doctors visited 
the People s Republic of China for a five- 
day observation tour of Canton and Peking 
health facilities. 

Dr. R. K. C. Thompson, President of 
the Canadian Medical Association; Dr. 
Walter MacKenzie, Dean, Faculty of Me 
dicine, University of Alberta; and Dr. A. 
F. W. Peart, General Secretary, Canadian 
Medical Association, visited in mid-Novem 
ber to observe medical education, medical 
research and medical practice in China. 

The Chinese Medical Association had 
arranged for the visas for the delegation, 
and planned a tour that included visits to 
the Bethune Orthopedic Hospital (named 
after Dr. Norman Bethune, a Canadian 
physician who took part in the revolu 
tionary war and is considered a Chinese 
hero), various institutes of the Academy 

MARCH 1967 



news 



jf Medical Science of China, the Peking 
Medical College, the Red Star People s 
Commune, and the Canton Medical School. 
Dr. Peart reported that the Canadian 
delegation was impressed with the friend 
liness of the Chinese doctors and their 
associates, and their desire to have further 
:ontact with Canadian doctors. "Informa- 
;ion was given freely," Dr. Peart said, 
and we were not curtailed in taking pic 
tures. Although we deliberately avoided 
discussions about their revolution and the 
Communist philosophy, which is comple 
tely contrary to our way of life in Ca 
nada, we all felt that further exchanges 
Between the doctors of our two countries 
would be useful." 

Grant Approved for Ontario 
Hospital 

A federal grant of $115,053 for the 
I.O.D.E. Memorial Hospital in Windsor 
has been announced by National Health 
and Welfare Minister Allan J. MacEachen. 

The grant will assist the construction of 
an addition to the present hospital build 
ing. The addition, to be known as the 
Osmond Wing, will consist of two single 
story units. The two units will provide 52 
beds for the care of psychiatric patients, 
as well as space for community mental 
health services and teaching areas. 

Completion of construction is expected 
this month. 

WHO, UNICEF Try 
New X-ray Units 

New, simplified x-ray units specially 
designed for use in rural health centers in 
less developed countries or as stand-by 
equipment in large hospitals are being test 
ed by the World Health Organization. 

Cooperating in this venture are the United 
Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) and 
leading manufacturers of x-ray equipment. 
Prototypes of different possible machines 
have been supplied by UNICEF to WHO 
for field trials in the Republic of the Congo 
(Brazzaville), Kenya, and Lesotho. 

X-ray machines are important tools in 
mass campaigns against tuberculosis and in 
other diagnostic work. However, the ma 
chines now being manufactured are primarily 
designed for use in hospitals and health 
centers of technically-developed countries 
and have been found too complicated for 
operation in rural areas of developing coun 
tries. Because of the lack of trained per 
sonnel to operate the machines or the meager 
or non-existent service facilities, units in 
many hospitals are out of order most of 
the time. 

Under the technical guidance of medical 
radiographers and physicists, WHO drew up 
specifications for a simple, multipurpose ma- 
MARCH 1967 




Nurses attending the Conference on Pediatric Nursing at the Hospital for Sick 
Children toured the ward areas to see current equipment and procedures. 



chine for use in these rural health centers 
and urban areas of developing countries. In 
the design, precautions have been taken 
against the possibility of radiation damage 
to the population. WHO anticipates requests 
from governments for the training of x-ray 
technicians and operators as a result of this 
trial. 

This investigation is of great value to all 
countries where the servicing and repair of 
x-ray apparatus present a problem. 

Outbreaks of Measles and 
Scarlet Fever in Quebec 

Measles and scarlet fever are currently 
approaching epidemic proportions in some 
regions of Quebec. The director of health 
for Quebec city, Dr. Jacques Roussel, has 
declared that the number of cases in his 
region is the highest in 10 years. The 
provincial minister of health is giving 
special attention to case-finding and treat 
ment of these two diseases. 

Dr. A.R. Foley, director of the Epide 
miology Service of the Department of 
Health, has pointed out that scarlet fever 
usually strikes children from 5 to 15 years 
of age. Even in a mild form the disease can 
cause permanent disability if not treated. 

At the early signs of scarlet fever, such 
as sore throat and pyrexia, it is advisable 
to consult a physician. Antibiotic and pro 
phylactic treatment is recommended for 
those children who have had contact with 
the disease. 

Measles is characterized by cold symp 
toms followed by a rash. In children under 
three years, the disease is often complicated 
by bronchopneumonia. 

Some doctors recommend administration 
of anti-measles vaccine, but mass vaccina 
tion programs do not appear to be the ideal 
solution at the present time. 



Pediatric Nursing Conference 

To inform, to up-date, to assist through 
talks, discussions and demonstrations 
these were the objectives of the three-day 
Conference on Pediatric Nursing held early 
in December at the Graduate Nurses Resi 
dence of the Hospital for Sick Children, 
Toronto. 

Sponsored by the Hospital for Sick 
Children Department of Nursing, the con 
ference demonstrated techniques and prac 
tices currently being developed and used 
to ensure comfort and safety in the care of 
young patients. Sixty-two nurses from 
throughout Ontario attended the continuing 
education session. 

Displays were set up by each of the 
six participating areas: recreation and 
volunteers; emergency; intensive care; new 
born and premature; medicine isola 
tion, and the committee for control of 
infection; and surgery including physio 
therapy, occupational therapy and dietary 
departments. 

The conference was designed to improve 
the nurses competence in such areas as 
the hospitalized child and his family; im 
portance of play for the hospitalized child; 
emergency nursing care of newborns and 
prematures; nursing care in a pediatric 
emergency department; factors to consider 
in creating a safe environment for chil 
dren; nursing in the intensive care unit; 
and meeting the needs of the long-term 
patient. 

Grants for Multiple Sclerosis 

Research grants totalling $81,994. were 
announced early in January by the Multi 
ple Sclerosis Society of Canada. 

Headed by Dr. John M. Silversides of 

Toronto, the Society s Medical Advisory 

Board meets annually to consider applica- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



tions from scientists at Canadian univer 
sities and hospitals. After careful scrutiny, 
grants are awarded to those projects con 
sidered most appropriate. The research pro 
gram is coordinated with other areas of 
neurological research in Canada, the United 
States and Great Britain. 

Five Quebec grants, four of them to 
McGill University and the other to the 
University of Montreal, totaled $39,500.00. 



Four othei grants were announced to the 
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, the 
University of Western Ontario, the Uni 
versity of Saskatchewan, and the Univeisity 
of Toronto. 

To science, multiple sclerosis remains 
the greatest unsolved neurological problem 
of our time. There is no cure, not even 
a definite knowledge of its causes. How 
ever, the disease has struck an estimated 
30,000 Canadians, mostly in the 18-45 year 
age group. Among the symptoms of MS 
are blurred or double vision, tremors, loss 
of coordination, staggering or stumbling 
gait, speech difficulties, numbness, extreme 




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weakness and fatigue, and partial or com 
plete paralysis. 

The Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada 
was founded 18 years ago and by the end 
of 1967 will have allocated $763,182.88 
for research and fellowship grants in an 
effort to determine the cause and possible 
treatment for this baffling neurological dis 
order. Additionally, through its 35 regional 
Chapters staffed by volunteers, the Society 
provides a Patients Services Program to 
patients and their families. Quebec Chap 
ters of the Society are active and the MS 
Society forms a part of the Combined 
Health Appeal of Greater Montreal. Head 
Office of the Society was recently trans- 
fered from Montreal to Toronto. 

New Vaccination Regulations 

A new International Certificate of Vac 
cination booklet has been in use since 
January 1, 1967 for all vaccinations per 
formed for international travel. The re 
vised form includes changes in the small 
pox and yellow fever certificates as amended 
by the Eighteenth World Health Assembly 
in May, 1965. 

The International Certificate of Vacci 
nation or Revaccination against Smallpox 
requires the physician to indicate that a 
vaccine that meets the World Health Or 
ganization s requirements was used. The 
origin and batch number of the vaccine 
must be recorded. 

The International Certificate of Vaccina 
tion or Revaccination against Yellow Fever 
was amended to extend the validity of the 
certificate from 6 years to 10 years. Cer 
tificates already in use are automatically 
extended to be valid for 10 years. 

Hospital Infection Kit Part II 
Now Available 

Part II of an information kit on con 
trol of hospital infections has been released 
by the Ontario Hospital Association. 

The material up-dates the work of the 
Canadian Council on Hospital Accredita 
tion, includes a comprehensive section on 
dietary department involvement, and in 
cludes new information on infection control 
in laundry departments. A copy of an in 
fection reporting form currently in use in 
a member hospital is attached. 

Part I of the material on infections con 
trol was prepared in July 1966 in response 
to needs revealed in the book The Control 
of Infections in Hospitals, by W. H. Le 
Riche, C. E. Balcom, and G. van Belle. 
The book reported on a survey of hospitals 
in Ontario and revealed problems in the 
areas of infection control. 

Since that time the Ontario Hospital As 
sociation has undertaken educational ser 
vices, including the publication of these 
kits, to acquaint members with the details 
of how an infection control program can 
be instituted. 

MARCH 1967 



news 



Cobalt Medications Withdrawn 
From Market 

The U.S. Federal Food and Drug Ad 
ministration in Washington announced in 
mid-January the removal from the market 
of medications with a cobalt base. These 
medications were used in the treatment of 
certain types of anemia. Manufacturers 
have complied with this decision pending 
the results of further studies on the ef 
fectiveness of the products. 

In Canada, the same medications were 
withdrawn from the market on December 
27th following deaths due to cardiac failure 
in drinkers of beer that had been made 
with cobalt salts. 

Quebec Interns and Residents 
Get Better Salaries 

The interns and residents of Quebec hos 
pitals, who had resorted to "study days" on 
January 3 1 and February 7 to back demands 
for better salaries, have accepted salary in 
creases offered by the provincial govern 
ment. 

Interns who were receiving $3,060 per 
year will get $3,770; final-year residents 
who received $5,160, will get $6,170 under 
the new agreement. 

The residents and interns, who had re 
fused several previous offers from the 
government, accepted the final offer on the 
condition that increases will be brought in 
line with those of their Ontario colleagues 
if the report of the Castonguay Commission 
has not been submitted by July 1, 1967. 

A commission under M. Claude Caston 
guay has been set up to inquire into health 
and social welfare in the province. The in 
terns group is preparing a brief for the 
Commission that will outline the grievances 
of the interns and residents, and which is 
intended to serve as a basis for future 
negotiations. 

U.S. Dermatologist Speaks Out 

Neither parents nor teenagers, but priv 
ate physicians, are "contributing most" to 
the increasing venereal disease problem in 
the United States. 

So says Arthur C. Curtis, M.D., Chair 
man of The University of Michigan s 
department of dermatology. 

In an editorial in the current University 
of Michigan Medical Center Journal, Dr. 
Curtis says incidences of infectious syphilis 
and gonorrhea are continuing to increase, 
although fewer private physicians are re 
porting cases to health departments. He 
further asserts that those suffering most are 
the nation s young people. 

MARCH 1967 



"Our children are our most important 
asset," points out Dr. Curtis. "We should 
do all we can to make them knowledgeable 
about those things that may harm them, 
and do all we can to make this information 
possible for them to obtain." 

Recommending more V.D. instruction in 
schools, Dr. Curtis says that by treating 
and not reporting, "we physicians in priv 
ate practice are the ones who are contribut 
ing most to this infectious venereal disease 
problem among our young people. By 
treating and not reporting, we are allow 
ing an infectious disease to increase each 



year and hence infect more and more 
young people." 

Dr. Curtis believes physicians should 
explain the serious nature of the problem 
with the patient, enlisting the patient s 
support in reporting the case. 

"Physicians who treat V.D. can be good 
epidemiologists but they don t have the 
time or the experience to seek out contacts." 

Every city, state or county health 
department has trained workers who are 
expert in finding infectious venereal disease 
and bringing it to treatment, Dr. Curtis 
explains. "Why don t we use them ?" 



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bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



AMA Supports 
Nursing Salary Raise 

A "significant improvement in the in 
come of the registered nurse" was called 
for by delegates to the American Medical 
Association s recent biannual session. 

The House agreed with the Board of 
Trustees and AMA s Committee on Nur 
sing which supports the need for a signi 
ficant improvement in the income of the 
registered nurse. They recognize that there 
will be considerable variation in compen 
sation depending upon the prevailing local 
conditions, training, experience, and degree 
of delegated responsibility. 

The House also voted to continue to 
support in principle all current nationally 
approved educational programs for nurses. 
It noted that the American Nurses As 
sociation and the National League for 
Nursing have called for nursing education 
to take place in colleges and universities. 

Support for the nurses salary raise was 
also voiced in an editorial in the Decem 
ber 12 issue of The AMA News, a weekly 
newspaper published by the American 
Medical Association. The editorial said: 



"Overworked and underpaid nurses have 
been given support for better wages and 
working conditions by the House of Deleg 
ates of the AMA. 

"The House noted that the American 
Nurses Association in June adopted a 
national salary goal of $6,500 for registered 
nurses beginning practice. But the House 
agreed with the report of the Board of 
Trustees and the Committee on Nursing 
which questioned such a national salary 
goal, establishing a minimum rate of com 
pensation for the entire country. 

"A salary for registered nurses should 
be controlled by economics and the supply 
or demand in the part of the country 
where the nurse is employed. There is 
considerable variation in compensation 
depending upon the prevailing local condi 
tions, training, experience, and the degree 
of delegated responsibility. 

"The ANA s goal was adopted in the 
belief that low salaries seriously hamper 
efforts to recruit nurses and to keep nurses 
in practice. In an interview printed in the 
November 28 issue of The AMA News, 
Jo Eleanor Elliott, RN, president of ANA, 
said many nurses with current licenses are 
not working because it is not economically 
feasible. 

" As long as these inactive nurses keep 
their licenses current, there is a potential 
to alleviate the nurse shortage, she said. 



The ANA is making a major effort to at 
tract these inactive RNs back into nursing. 
But they must be given the proper motiva 
tion including better wages and working 
conditions to make it worth their while." 

Tooth Transplantation 
Possible 

A tooth that has grown in a wrong posi 
tion can now be extracted and transplanted 
according to a new method practiced by 
Swedish dentist Dr. Karl-Erik Thonner at 
the Stockholm County Clinic of Ortho 
dontics, Nasby Park, Sweden. While keep 
ing the tooth alive in the patient s own 
blood serum during surgery, Dr. Thonner 
has operated on some 30 patients with good 
results. 

"It was surprising even to us when we 
found out that this was possible," Dr. Thon 
ner says in a Stockholm newspaper inter 
view. "When we started, we used to give 
the tooth a root filling after it had been 
transplanted. Then we discovered that it was 
possible to keep the nerve functions alive in 
the patient s own blood serum during sur 
gery." 

Usually only 15 minutes are required to 
prepare the insertion of the tooth. It has, 
however, been possible to keep the tooth 
alive up to at least one hour, the doctor 
reports. The operation proper takes about 
an hour to perform. 



Facts about 

l\ *CF| Cf > !"*(] 



Turnover Rate 



Graph shows turnover rate of full-time general duty nurses in public general 
hospitals in Canada, 1964. The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers. 
In 1964, the turnover rate for full-time general duty nurses in public general 
hospitals in Canada was 61 percent. This means that the number of resignations 
during the year was more than one-half of the average number employed 
during the year. 



Source: Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 1966 



Percent 
100 



80 



60 



40 



20 







1 

9 



10 
24 



25- 

49 



50- 
99 



100- 
199 



200- 
299 



300- 
499 



500- 1000 + 
999 



SIZE OF HOSPITAL ( Number of beds ) 



16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 









Style No. 16845 



One day of walking down 
those long corridors... 
and standing on those 
cold, hard floors will tell 
you the importance of 
White Uniform Oxfords 
by Savage. 

Savage White Uniform Oxford shoes 
are made to take the strain off feet that 
walk and stand on hard floors day in, 
day out. They are expertly fashioned 
over well-designed lasts to give true 
comfort. Sanitized too for lasting fresh 
ness. And wearing White Uniform 
Oxfords by Savage doesn t mean you 



have to give up style for comfort. You 
get a choice of military or flat heels in 
a full range of sizes and widths. Sure 
you ll still be on your feet for hours every 
day. And the corridors won t be any 
shorter. But you ll find it much easier 
to carry on smiling in White Uniform 
Oxfords by Savage. 



WHITE UNIORMS 



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names 






Margaret Ellen Cam 
eron, a native of 
Winnipeg, Manitoba, 
recently assumed her 
f 1 ^" <SS new duties as execu 

tive director of the 
Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses. 
A graduate of the 
School of Nursing of 
the Winnipeg General Hospital, Miss Cam 
eron also holds both her baccalaureate 
and master of science degrees from Teachers 
College, Columbia University, New York. 
The new executive director has been 
active both in her profession and in various 
nursing organizations since the beginning 
of her career. She has held various posi 
tions in the United States including that of 
school nurse in Connecticut, instructor at 
St. Luke s Hospital, New York and as 
sistant director of the St. Luke s Hospital 
School of Nursing. 

Following her experience in the United 
States, Miss Cameron returned to her home 
town to become assistant director of nurs 
ing at the Winnipeg General Hospital. 
The following year she became director of 
nursing, a position she held until 1963. 
Prior to her present appointment, she serv 
ed three years as assistant administrator 
of the same hospital. 

Her membership in nursing organiza 
tions, both provincial and national, included 
the chairmanship of the education com 
mittee of the Manitoba Association of 
Registered Nurses. 

As executive director, Miss Cameron is 
"pleased to participate in an expanded 
program for the Manitoba Association of 
Registered Nurses," and looks forward "to 
working with my colleagues in its develop 
ment." 



Marie Fountain, born and educated in 
England, has been appointed administrative 
assistant (nursing) to Jean Milligan at the 
Ottawa Civic Hospital. 

Miss Fountain graduated from Central 
Middlesex Hospital School of Nursing and 
emigrated to Canada in 1957. Before mov 
ing to Ottawa in 1959 she worked at hos 
pitals in Welland, Ontario and Banff, Al 
berta. 

At the Ottawa Civic, Miss Fountain 
worked as a head nurse and administrative 
supervisor before obtaining a diploma in 
nursing administration and education from 
the University of Ottawa in 1963. She is 
presently completing her requirements for 
her B.Sc. degree at the University. 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Pearl G. Morcombe 

is the new public 
relations officer for 
the Manitoba Associa 
tion of Registered 
Nurses. 

Mrs. Morcombe 
graduated from the 
General Hospital 
School of Nursing, 
Port Arthur, Ontario and is presently fol 
lowing an extension course in executive 
administration at the University of Mani 
toba. 

Mrs. Morcombe brings an impressive 
background in both nursing and public rela 
tions to her new job. She spent three years 
in industrial nursing at MacDonald Air 
craft in Winnipeg. From 1 955 to 1958 she 
acted as. public relations and field services 
representative with the Manitoba Hospital 
Services Association in Winnipeg. From 
1958 to 1962 she was liaison officer for 
the Manitoba Hospital Commission. 

Prior to her new appointment Mrs. Mor 
combe spent five years as assistant to the 
manager of hospital construction for the 
Manitoba Hospital Commission. 

Wilhelmina Bell is 

the new director of 
nursing service at the 
General and Mar 
ine Hospital, Owen 
Sound. A graduate of 
the Royal Victoria 
Hospital School of 
Nursing in Montreal, 
Miss Bell subsequent 
ly studied nursing education at the Univer 
sity of Toronto and followed a postgraduate 
course on psychiatric nursing at the New 
York Psychiatric Institute. 

She gained experience in both nursing 
and nursing education in the United States 
and Canada. At the Presbyterian Hospital, 
New York, Miss Bell served as a head 
nurse. Following this she worked as an 
instructor and a clinical supervisor at the 
Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, and the St. 
Catharines General Hospital, St. Catharines, 
Ontario. 

Back in the United States, at Durham, 
North Carolina, Miss Bell worked as coor 
dinator for a school for colored practical 
nurses at Duke University School of Nurs 
ing. 

Prior to her present appointment at the 
General and Marine Hospital, Miss Bell 
was director of nursing service at the 
Public General Hospital, Chatham, Ontario. 





Diane Yvonne Ste 
wart, of London, On 
tario, received a 
double appointment 
recently from the 
London Health As 
sociation and the 
University of Western 
Ontario. She was ap 
pointed director of 
nursing service at the new University Hos 
pital and also an associate professor, part- 
time, in the University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing. 

Miss Stewart obtained her B.Sc.N. from 
Western and is currently completing re 
quirements there for a master of science 
in nursing degree. A Canadian Nurses 
Foundation Fellowship was awarded to 
Miss Stewart for 1966-67. 

Following graduation from Victoria Hos 
pital School of Nursing in London, Miss 
Stewart attended the University of Toronto 
for one year. She then taught obstetrical 
nursing at the Victoria Hospital School of 
Nursing for two years. At that time she 
became a supervisor in the nursing service 
department and later assistant director of 
nursing at Victoria Hospital. 

Joanne Fyle, St. Thomas, Ontario, has 
been awarded the RNAO entrance bursary 
at McMaster University School of Nur 
sing. 

Sharon Hanna, Dunnville, Ontario, has 
won the Niemeier Scholarship for high 
standing in third year maternal and child 
care nursing. 

Elizabeth Latimer, Hamilton, Ontario, 
is winner of the McGregor Clinic Scholar 
ship for highset standing in third year 
medical-surgical nursing. 

Nancy Mcllwraith, Marathon, Ontario, 
has won the Niemeier Scholarship for 
highest standing in first and second year 
clinical nursing subjects. 

Irene Ash worth, 
former supervisor of 
the Ottawa Branch of 
the Victorian Order 
of Nurses, recently 
joined the national of 
fice staff as a regional 
supervisor. 

Miss Ashworth, a 
graduate of the School 
of Nursing of St. Joseph s Hospital, Hamil 
ton, Ontario, also holds a diploma in pub 
lic health which she earned in 1959 from 

MARCH 1967 




the University of Western Ontario and a 
diploma in supervision and administration 
from the University of Toronto. 

Before joining the Victorian Order of 
Nurses in 1957, Miss Ashworth did general 
and private duty nursing at the Hamilton 
Civic Hospital and St. Joseph s Hospital, 
Hamilton, Ontario. She served as a staff 
nurse with the Hamilton Branch of the 
V.O.N. until 1963. The following year she 
became supervisor of the Ottawa Branch 
where she remained until her present ap 
pointment as a regional supervisor. 

Lillian Mae Randall, a native of Van 
couver, British Columbia, also joined the 
national office of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses as a regional supervisor. 

Miss Randall graduated from the School 
of Nursing of the Vancouver General Hos 
pital in 1945 and served for one year as a 
staff nurse in the psychiatric ward of the 
same hospital. 

The following year she obtained her 
certificate in public health nursing from 
the University of British Columbia. 

In 1947 Miss Randall became a staff 
nurse for the Vancouver Branch of the 
V.O.N. , and later the educational super 
visor for the Vancouver Branch. 

In 1963 she obtained a certificate in 
public health administration and supervi 
sion from the University of Toronto. 

At the end of 1966, Margaret E. Mac- 
dona Id retired from service at the Calgary 
General, the hospital she entered as a 
student nurse over 40 years ago. 

Born in New Brunswick, Miss Mac- 
donald came to Western Canada in 1919 
and entered the Calgary General Hospital 
School of Nursing in 1923. After her grad 
uation in 1926, she began her career at the 
hospital. She gained experience as a staff 
nurse, private duty nurse, head nurse and 
nursing supervisor. 

At retirement she was evening supervisor 
in the convalescent-rehabilitation building 
of the hospital. 

Known affectionately as "Black Mac" 
since her school days, Miss Macdonald is 
"a person who always places others first." 
At the open house reception given in her 
honor before her retirement, Miss Mac- 
donald s 37 years of continuous service at 
the Calgary General Hospital were recogniz 
ed by members of the hospital board and 
medical staff. 

Florence Taylor, associate director of 
nursing education, Brantford General Hos 
pital since August, died suddenly Decem 
ber 19, 1966. 

Her nursing experience has taken her 
through Canada, the United States, India, 
Korea, and Manchuria. 

Miss Taylor joined the staff of Brant- 
MARCH 1967 




Enaam Abou-Youssef, an instructor from the United Arab Republic, discusses 
CNA s public relations program with June Ferguson, public relations officer. 



On the homeward swing of a journey 
that began in February 1961, Enaam Y. 
Abou-Youssef visited CNA House in Ot 
tawa, Wednesday, January 18, 1967. 

Miss Abou-Youssef, a nurse from the 
United Arab Republic, attended the Uni 
versity of California School of Nursing 
where she obtained her master of science 
degree in 1963. She then enrolled in the 
doctoral program at Teachers College, 
Columbia University in New York. 

Miss Abou-Youssef is from Alexandria, 
Egypt. In 1960, she was in the second 
class to graduate from the first university 
nursing course established in the UAR at 
the Higher Institute of Nursing, University 
of Alexandria. Following this she was ap 
pointed clinical instructor at the same 
institution. 

Miss Abou-Youssef said that the establish 
ment of university schools of nursing in 
the UAR brought "more prestige and sta 
tus" to the profession in her country. 

Miss Abou-Youssef is presently working 
on her doctoral project - - a thesis on 
maternity nursing "focused on the respon 



sibilities of the nurse to the family during 
the maternity cycle." She hopes that the 
thesis eventually will be translated into 
Arabic and published as a textbook to be 
used by the baccalaureate students in the 
Near Eastern Region. 

The book will be entirely new in its 
approach to maternity nursing as it does 
not include anatomy and physiology of re 
productive organs or the mechanism of labor 
as complete units. 

During her visits to the Universities of 
Manitoba and Western Ontario, Miss Abou- 
Youssef gathered ideas for developing a 
different point of view for the master s 
program to be inaugurated at the University 
of Alexandria. 

On her return home this spring she will 
teach maternity nursing at the Higher In 
stitute of Nursing. She is also involved 
in developing nursing activities, nursing 
education and nursing service throughout 
her country. 

Miss Abou-Youssef also admits she looks 
forward "to being waited on again" when 
she returns to her homeland. 



ford General Hospital, January 1966 as 
assistant director of nursing education. 

Canadian-born Helen Young, a widely 
known figure in American nursing, died 
recently at 92. 

Miss Young taught in an Ontario public 
school for 13 years before she entered the 
Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing, 
New York, in 1909. In World War I she 
served at a hospital for the wounded in 
Juilly, France. 

In 1921, nine years after Miss Young 
became a nurse at the Presbyterian Hospi 
tal, she succeeded Miss Anna C. Maxwell, 
the school s first director. 



In 1933 Miss Young became the first 
editor of Quick Reference Book for Nurses, 
and in 1937 she received Columbia Uni 
versity s medal for excellence, awarded 
for service to the university. 

William A. Holland, administrator of the 
Oshawa General Hospital, was recently 
elected president of the Ontario Hospital 
Association for 1966-67. Mr. Holland has 
been a member of the Association s board 
of directors since 1959. As the first admi 
nistrator to hold the top OHA post in five 
years, Mr. Holland succeeds Glen W. Phelps, 
a trustee of the Orillia Soldier s Memorial 
Hospital. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



L\, 




MEDICATED 






sihre refreshant and body massage 





20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64Colgate Aven ue Toronto 8, Ontario 

MARCH 1967 



in a capsule 



Wine - the Chemical Symphony 

"Have a glass of this therapeutic adju 
vant for the promotion of relaxation," your 
medically-minded host may suggest some 
evening after supper. If you refuse, you 
may be turning down a "natural tranquilizer" 
of some fine old vintage. 

For those who need and excuse to drink 
wine, Dr. SaJvatore P. Lucia, professor of 
medicine at the University of California 
School of Medicine, San Francisco, provides 
several sound therapeutic ones. 

Wine, he points out, has been used for 
more than 40 centuries as a safe tranqui 
lizer and there is no reason it should not 
be used for this even today. Modern re 
search has confirmed the age-old values of 
wine, he says. In his view, wine is a "natu 
ral tranquilizer" while tranquilizing drugs are 
"artificial tranquilizers." 

Wine, says Dr. Lucia, is more than merely 
alcohol. "Its many other ingredients bring 
it into the category of tranquilizers. Many 
studies of wine disclose that the ability of 
wine to reduce nervous tension is a result 
of the ability of its chemical symphony " 
Numerous studies have shown "that wine 
gives far more sustained and gently tran 
quilizing effects than does straight ethyl 
alcohol diluted with water to the same 
strength." 

One leading possibility for use of wine 
as a tranquilizer is in the elderly, says Dr. 
Lucia. It can help them "cope with... ten 
sions and live out a long span in peace and 
gratitude." One serving before a meal or 
two servings with a meal provide the desired 
tranquilization. 

"In the rush of rapid pharmaceutical pro 
gress, the ages-old established, inexpensive, 
and safe medicine called wine is apt to be 
forgotten," writes Dr. Lucia. "So, too, in a 
post-prohibition society, these ancient dietary 
beverages are still apt to be regarded over- 
emotionally and pseudo-moralistically by the 
physician. Yet, the long history of the use 
of wine in medical practice and the modern 
scientific research confirming its values are 
gaining the attention of increasing numbers 
of physicians." 



No Utopia for Nurses 

"In some Utopian tomorrow," says Mollie 
Gillen of Chatelaine, (January 1967) nurses 
will be "freed at last from the tyranny of 
counting sheets, serving meals, making up 
empty beds and pushing wheelchairs." 

Unfortunately, she sees that tomorrow as 
a far distant one. 

MARCH 1967 



The nursing profession in Canada today, 
according to Mrs. Gillen, is characterized 
by "creaking mechanisms and archaic pat 
terns" which, instead of improving are act 
ing as deterrents to prospective student 
nurses. 

In fact, the percentage of high-school 
graduates entering nursing has declined 
sharply over the past twenty years. Only 
10 percent of girls from high schools are 
enrolling today (in 1951 it was 20 percent; 
in 1944, 25 percent), and "a continued drop 
is feared unless nursing is made more at 
tractive as a career," she says. 

What exactly are the problems that beset 
nursing today? asks Mrs. Gillen. 

In answer to her own question, she places 
at the top of the list the shortage of nurses 
that keeps whole hospital wings closed and 
overworks existing staff. She also points out 
the shortage of teachers to train nurses and 
the proliferation of aides and helpers whose 
training and duties aren t clearly defined. 
Then there are antiquated hospital schools, 
where training is paid for by free labor. Not 
surprising, continues the author, is the grow 
ing demand for promotion opportunities in 
clinical nursing, as well as in administration 
and teaching. Moreover, the profession is 
beset by internal conflicts for better pay, 
better working conditions and a more de 
mocratic organization. 

Problems unfortunately are more plentiful 
and obvious than solutions. However, all 
Canadian provinces today at least recognize 
the need for shortening the diploma pro 
gram, for providing opportunities for clinical 
specialization, and for rearranging salary 
levels. 

"With solutions slowly being found to the 
still-quite-bitter intramural arguments within 
the profession... nursing could be at the 
beginning of a new regime that safeguards 
the nurses in their rights as well as the 
public in its expectation of good service," 
concludes Mrs. Gillen. 

5,500,000 Still Puffing 

At least 1,000,000 Canadians did it. An 
other 2,500,000 seriously tried but couldn t, 
and a further 3,000,000 didn t even attempt 
to break the smoking habit. 

Of the 1,000,000 regular cigaret smokers 
who successfully overcame the habit, most 
claimed "unspecified health reasons" as their 
reason for quitting. Others named coughing, 
throat irritation, bronchitis, family objec 
tions, expense, and doctor s orders as res 
ponsible. Low on the list came fear of 
cancer. 



Even those 5,500,000 brave Canadians 
who steadfastly hang onto the habit despite 
the odds, admit dissatisfaction with their 
smoking habits. These findings were the re 
sults of a survey recently released by Hon. 
Allan J. MacEachen, Minister of National 
Health and Welfare. 

The study also shows that certain pro 
vinces are more nicotine-prone than others. 
Regionally, British Columbia shows the high 
est proportion of former regular smokers 
(49% of male and 17% of female non- 
smokers and occasional smokers were at one 
time regular cigaret smokers) and Quebec 
the smallest (30% of male and 8% of 
female.) British Columbia also shows the 
highest proportion (53%) of regular cigaret 
smokers who have tried to stop smoking, 
and Quebec the lowest (37%). 

Conducted among persons 15 years of 
age and over, the survey reveals that among 
present non-smokers of cigarets, 32% of 
the men and 9% of the women at one time 
were regular users. Attempts to break the 
smoking habit tend to be more common 
among those under 40. Women who have 
succeeded are most commonly found in the 
20 to 39 age bracket. Men who have stopped 
daily smoking are more frequently found 
among those 40 and over. 

A growing awareness of the dangers of 
cigaret smoking is reflected in the concern of 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare with the smoking habits of Cana 
dians. Annual surveys and comparisons of 
results are planned by the Department for 
the future. 



Vaccine Race 

A live vaccine against mumps appears 
to have been developed simultaneously - 
or almost simultaneously in the East and 
in the West. 

The Russians claim that the first one was 
developed at the Pasteur Institute in Lenin 
grad. This vaccine was tried out among all 
the children aged two to twelve in Pskov, a 
regional center nearby. There were only a 
few cases in the year following the vaccina 
tion, although there had been mass out 
breaks in the same region previously. 

In the U. S. a live attenuated vaccine 
(developed by Dr. Maurice R. Hillman and 
Dr. Eugene Buynak) was tested among 482 
Philadelphia school children. A great many 
cases of natural mumps occurred in the test 
community, whereas there were only two 
cases both in school-age youngsters 
among the vaccinated children. Royal 
Society of Health Journal Sept. -Oct. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Specimen Container 

(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS) 
Description A water-tight and odor- 
proof, eight-ounce laboratory specimen 
container made of shatterproof, opaque 
plastic. This container is supplied with a 
specially imprinted lid which simplifies 
writing identifying information. 

For additional information, write to 
Professional Disposable Products, Inc., 22- 
28 South Sixth Avenue, Mount Vernon, 
New York 10550. 




Norlestrin 1 mg. 

(PARKE-DAVIS) 

Description A new, low-dosage (1.0 
mg.) form of the oral contraceptive, Norl 
estrin, previously available only as a 2.5 
mg. tablet. Each tablet of Norlestrin 1 mg. 
contains norethindrone acetate 1 mg. and 
ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg. 

Norlestrin 1 mg. is a progestogen- 
estrogen combination for control of con 
ception. Like Norlestrin 2.5 mg., it contains 
norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol 
but it contains only 1 mg. of the proges- 
togen. 

Dosage Initial cycle: The first tablet 
is taken on the fifth day after onset of 
menstruation. The first day of menstrual 
flow is considered day one. Tablets should 
be taken regularly with a meal or at bed 
time. After taking one tablet daily for 21 
consecutive days, no tablets are taken for 
7 days. Subsequent cycles: After the 7-day 
interval in which no tablets are taken, a 
new course of 21 tablets is started regard 
less of whether bleeding has finished or 
not. Each cycle consists of 21 days of 
medication and a 7-day interval without 
medication. 

Contraindications This type of ther 
apy (progestogen-estrogen combinations) is 
contraindicated in patients with, or with a 
history of, cancer (because of the estro 
gen), preexisting liver disease, or a history 

22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



of thromboembolic disorder. Oral contra 
ceptives should not be used by nursing 
mothers, young women in whom epiphyseal 
closure is not complete, or women who 
have had a stroke, partial or complete loss 
of vision, diplopia or proptosis. The use of 
oral contraceptives containing progesta- 
tional agents should be avoided where preg 
nancy is suspected. 

Side Effects Break through bleeding, 
nausea, and diminished menstrual flow are 
the principal side effects considered to be 
drug related. 

For further information or to obtain the 
file booklet containing the basic prescrib 
ing information, write Parke, Davis & 
Company, Ltd., P.O. Box 2100, St. Laurent 
Post Office, Montreal 9, P.Q. 



Flexitone 

(CYANAMID) 

Description A new adjustable surgical 
binder for use with postoperative and post- 
partum patients. The Flexitone binder is 
designed to provide comfortable support 
without compromise of muscle tone. It will 
not roll, ride or chafe and provides enough 
"give" to allow freedom for the muscles to 
expand and contract. 

The binders are anatomically designed 
and sized for both male and female patients. 
They are lined for comfort and may be 
laundered repeatedly without loss of resi 
liency. 

Uses The Flexitone surgical binder is 
used after abdominal surgery, after normal 
delivery or caesarian section, for chest sup 
port in fractures and surgery, and for back 
support. 



. 



Cerevon-S 

(CALMIC) 

Description Cerevon-S is a combina 
tion of ferrous succinate 150 mg. and suc- 
cinic acid 110 mg. 



Indications Used in the treatment of 
iron deficiency anemia. Compared to 
other methods of treating iron deficiency 
anemia, Cerevon-S showed a more rapid 
rate of hemoglobin rise and a higher final 
hemoglobin level after twenty weeks. It is 
also effective in some patients who do not 
respond to conventional oral iron. 

Dosages - - One capsule t.i.d. between 
meals or as prescribed. When given be 
tween meals, the period of maximum ab 
sorption, Cerevon-S produces minimal intol 
erance, although gastrointestinal disturb 
ances, eg., diarrhea, constipation, heart 
burn, can occur. 

For further information, contact Calmic 
Limited, 16 Curity Avenue, Toronto 16, 
Ont. 



Ger-o-Foam 

(WINLEY-MORRIS) 

Description Benzocaine 3%, methyl 
salicylate 30%, in a neutralized emulsion 
base containing volatile oils. 

Indications Ger-o-Foam is an anesthe 
tic analgesic foam used to increase mobility 
of limbs in musculo-skeletal involvements. 

The formulation permits penetration of 
the medicaments into the deeper structures 
underlying the skin to relieve pain and 
stiffness in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis; 
painful limbs following cerebrovascular 
accident; painful healed fracture, low back 
pain; sprains; etc. 

Directions Apply to affected part 
and massage in gently. 

For information contact: Winley-Morris 
Co. Ltd., 2795 Bates Rd., Montreal 26, P.Q. 



Tussagesic 

(ANCA) 

Description - - Each time-release tablet 
contains triaminic 50 mg., dormethan 
30 mg., terpin hydrate 180 mg., and aceta 
minophen 325 mg. 

Indications For relief of symptoms of 
the common cold. Tussagesic decongests, 
relieves pain, breaks up cough and provides 
effective expectorant action. 

Dosages For adults and children over 
12 years one tablet, swallowed whole, 
in morning, mid-afternoon and at bedtime. 
Tussagesic is also available in suspension 
form. Both tablets and suspension can 
cause occasional drowsiness, blurred vision, 
cardiac palpitations, flushing, dizziness, 
nervousness or gastrointestinal upsets. 

For further information, contact ANCA 
Laboratories, 1377 Lawrence Ave., East, 
Toronto, Ontario. 

MARCH 1967 



dates 



April 27-29, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 
annual meeting. Royal York Hotel, 
Toronto. 

May 4-6, 1967 

St. Boniface Hospital, School of Nursing, 

25th Reunion of the 1 942 Graduating 

Class. Would members of the 1 942 

graduating class please write to 

Miss F.E. Taylor, R.N., 

I 0123-122 Street, Edmonton. 

May 8-12, 1967 

National League for Nursing, Biennial 
Convention. Theme: "Nursing in the Health 
Revolution." New York Hilton Hotel, 
New York City. 

May 16-19, 1967 

Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
Annual Meeting, Chateau Lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 

May 19-21, 1967 

60th Anniversary reunion of the Royal 
Inland Hospital School of Nursing, 
Komloops, B.C. For further information 
write: Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C", 
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 

May 24-26, 1967 

Saskatchewan Association of 
Registered Nurses Annual Meeting. 
Saskatoon. 

May 24-26, 1967 

International Symposium on Electrical 
Activity of the Heart, London, Ontario. 
For further information write to 
Dr. G.W. Manning, Victoria Hospital, 
London, Ont. 

May 29-31, 1967 

Operating Room Nurses Fourth Ontario 
Conference, The Inn on the Park, 
Toronto, Ont. Sponsored by the Operating 
Room Nurses of Greater Toronto. Direct 
inquiries to: Mrs. Eleanor Conlin, R.N., 
437 Glen Park Avenue, Apt. 309, 
Toronto )9, Ont. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of Nova 
Scotia Annual Meeting, Sydney, N.S. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of British 
Columbia Annual Meeting, Bayshore Inn, 
Vancouver, B.C. 

MARCH 1967 



May 31-June 2, 1967 

New Brunswick Association 
of Registered Nurses Annual 
Meeting. The Playhouse, Fredericton. 



June 4-16, 1967 

University of Windsor, 6th annual 
residential summer course on alcohol and 
problems of addiction. Co-sponsored by 
the University of Windsor and the Alcohol 
and Drug Addiction Foundation of Ontario. 
Limited enrollment. Enquiries to: Director, 
Summer Course, Addiction Research 
Foundation, 24 Harbord St., Toronto 5, Ont. 



June 5-8, 1967 

Atlantic Provinces Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting. 



June 8-9, 1967 

Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses Annual Meeting to be held 
in connection with the Western Regional 
Hospital Conference 



June 12-15 1967 

Canadian Dietetic Association, 32nd 
Convention, Chateau Laurier, Ottawa. 



June 18-21, 1967 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial Home 
Coming. Alumnae or former associates of 
the Ottawa Civic Hospital who are 
interested in the program should write to: 
Executive Director, Ottawa Civic Hospital. 



June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of Nursing, 

Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any graduates 

who do not receive alumnae newsletters, 

please send name and address to: 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of Nursing 

Alumnae, 30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 

Ontario. 



July, 1967 

75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hospital 
School of Nursing, Dartmouth, N.S. All 
interested graduates please contact 
Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellenvale Ave., 
Dartmouth, N.S. 



September 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital School 
of Nursing, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. 
Write: Mrs. Allison MacCulloch, R.R. #2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., Nova Scotia. 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 

the 
Autolope 

It responds 
to heat 
treatment. 




When the contents of the enve 
lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
changes colour. This unique Gage 
Autolope is security folded and 
pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de 
veloped for Autoclaving with the 
help of medical, paper, printing, 
adhesive, and chemical experts. 
The Autolope is available now in 
an approved range of sizes. An 
other new envelope idea from . . . 



Envelope Division 

4BVMH 

GAGE 




The Company that 

enjoys the business it s in. 

Envelopes Stationery -Textbooks 

TORONTO MONTREAL VANCOUVER 
WINNIPEG KINGSTON BRANTFORE 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



Plan Now For 



Basic Sciences 

BASIC PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY 

By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lin.; and Esther 
M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D. 

Physiology and anatomy are skillfully fused in this text 
designed for the freshman nursing student. Realistic 
clinical applications clarify scientific principles. Chap 
ters are amplified by summaries and questions. Testing 
program for instructors use is available upon request. 
656 Pages 371 Illustrations, 45 in color, plus Videograf 
1964 $7.75. 

LABORATORY MANUAL IN 
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY 

By Ellen E. Chaffee, R.N., M.N., M. Lin. 
Organized into twenty-four laboratory units with em 
phasis on the normal human body. Practical applica 
tions animate the principles. Study questions follow 
each lesson. 260 Pages Illustrated 1963 $2.60. 

PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY: 
With Practical Considerations 

By Esther M. Greisheimer, Ph.D., M.D.; with the 
assistance oj J. Robert Troyer, Ph.D. 
A text designed to meet the needs of students in general 
courses as well as those directly applied to nursing. 
Physiology and anatomy are featured in separate chap 
ters according to body systems. Content is enlivened 
by practical considerations pertaining to broad health 
problems. 894 Pages 430 Illustrations, plus Videograf 
8th Edition, 1963 $9.50. 

ESSENTIALS OF CHEMISTRY 

By Gretchen O. Luros, M.A.; and Jack C. Towne, 
Ph.D. 

Provides the student with a strong foundation in inor 
ganic, organic and particularly physiologic chemistry. 
New data incorporated in the 7th Edition includes car 
bohydrates, lipids, proteins, metabolism, nucleic acids, 
enzymes, vitamins, inorganic body requirements and 
hormones. 356 Pages 101 Illustrations 7th Edition, 
1966 $6.50. 

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PHYSICS 

By J. Trygve Jensen, Ed. D. 

A clarification of the physical principles underlying 
nursing procedures and an explanation of the scientific 
framework upon which qualified nursing activities de 
pend. Virtually all the basic laws of physics employed 
in nursing are discussed. 240 Pages 139 Illustrations 
1960 Paperbound $3.75. 

BASIC MICROBIOLOGY 

By Margaret F. Wheeler, R.N., A.M.; and Wesley A. 
yolk, Ph.D. 

A clear and concise introduction to the basic aspects 
of microbiology. Coverage includes: discussions of 
bacteria, protozoa, viruses, rickettsiae and other micro 
organisms and their relevance to health and disease. 
Pathogens are grouped according to portal of entry, 
in relation to body systems. Chapter summaries, ques 
tions, illustrations and charts contribute to overall 
clarity. 389 Pages 163 Illustrations 1964 $6.25. 



NUTRITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 

By Lenna F. Cooper, Sc.D.; Edith M. Barber, M.S.; 
Helen S. Mitchell, Ph.D., Sc.D.; and Henderika J. Ryn- 
bergen, M.S.; with the assistance of Jessie C. Greene, 
B.S. 

Because of vigorous streamlining, this book has gained 
in versatility both as a text for basic nutrition courses 
and for diet therapy. The 14th Edition includes up-to- 
date tables, bibliography, and an expanded glossary. 
615 Pages 101 Illustrations 14th Edition, 1963 $7.50. 

Clinical Nursing 

SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to 
Nursing) 

By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; Anne W. Roh- 
weder, R.N., M.N. 

To bridge the gap between scientific theory and clinical 
practice. This book should be in every student s hands. 
It is an indispensable tool for problem solving, nursing 
diagnosis, intervention, and review. About 250 Pages 
2nd Edition, 1967 Paperbound, about $5.00 Cloth- 
bound, about $7.00. 

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: 

The Humanities And The Sciences In 
Nursing 

By Elinor V. Fuerst, R.N., M.A.; and LuVerne Wolff, 
R.N.,M.A. 

This text is designed to give the student a sound under* 
standing of the principles underlying all nursing action. 
The problem-solving approach is stressed to enable 
the student to act flexibly and analytically in any given 
situation. Emphasis is on "core" content common to 
every area of nursing practice. 661 Pages 158 Illustra 
tions 3rd Edition, 1964 $6.50. 

PROGRAMMED MATHEMATICS OF 
DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS 

By Mabel E. Weaver, R.N., M.S.; and Vera J. Koehler, 
R.N., M.N. 

Shows the student step by step how to apply her 
basic knowledge of mathematics to the administration 
of drugs and solutions. The 1966 Printing contains a 
chapter on medications for infants and children. 109 
Pages 1966 Printing Paperbound, $2.25. 

FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS: 
Dosages, Solutions and Mathematics 

By Joy B. Plein, Ph.D.; and Elmer M. Plein, Ph.D. 

Uniquely keyed to current nursing practice, this new 
text-workbook for Pharmacology I includes: sources 
of drugs, dosage forms, routes of administration, 
mathematics of drug administration, medication orders, 
pediatric dosages and legislation regulating the use of 
drugs. About 125 Pages New, 1967 Paperbound, about 
$3.50. 



Fall Classes 



CARE OF THE ADULT PATIENT: 
Medical-Surgical Nursing 

By Dorothy W. Smith, R.N., Ed.D.; Claudia D. dps, 
R.N., Ed.D. 

Extensively rewritten, this patient-centered textbook is 
more valuable than ever to the instructor and student. 
Relevant concepts from the life sciences have been 
integrated throughout the text. New nursing principles 
and practices created by medical progress have been 
included. 1206 Pages 406 Illustrations 2nd Edition, 
1966 $11.25. 

TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 

By Lillian Slioltis Brunner, R.N., M.S.; Charles Phillips 
Emerson, Jr., M.D.; L. Kraeer Ferguson, M.D., 
F.A.C.S.; and Doris Smith Suddarth, R.N., M.S.N. 

This comprehensive textbook of nursing care provides 
a wealth of information and an intelligent understand 
ing of every patient regarding altered physiology, signs 
and symptoms, management of his condition and 
problems, appreciation of emotional state and rehabili 
tation. 1198 Pages 509 Illustrations, 48 in color 1964 
$12.50. 

PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL- 
SURGICAL NURSING 

By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A . 

Twenty-six patient studies focus on patients as persons 
who have major medical or surgical problems, and who 
require creative nursing care. The author skillfully 
interweaves ethics, the hospital milieu, legal implica 
tions, interpersonal relationships, psychosocial aspects, 
and the family. About 400 Pages New, 1967 Paper- 
bound, about $5.25. 

BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS 
IN NURSING 

By Charles K. Hofling, M.D.; Madeleine M. Leininger, 
M.S.N. , Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A. Bregg, R.N., B.S. 
Advances in psychiatry with implications for increased 
nursing responsibilities are reflected in this new edition. 
Problem-solving, process recording and short and 
long-term nursing goals are stressed. Nurse-patient in 
teraction is clarified by patient studies. Helpful sum 
maries follow each chapter. About 575 Pages 2nd Edi 
tion, 1967 About $7.00. 

PATIENT STUDIES IN MATERNAL 

AND CHILD NURSING: 

A Family-Centered Student Guide 

By Ann L. Clark, R.N., M.A.; Hella M. Hakerem, 
R.N., M.A.; Stephanie C. Basara, R.N., M.A.; and 
Diane A. Walano, R.N., M.A. 

Designed for integrated maternal-child nursing courses, 
this book also correlates effectively where obstetrics 
and pediatrics are taught separately. Realistic patient 
situations enable the student to identify the nursing 
needs of mothers and children and to plan nursing 
action based on her knowledge of the sciences. 305 
Pages 1966 Paperbound, $5.00 Clothbound, $7.25. 



MATERNITY NURSING 

By Elise Fitzpatrick, R.N., M.A.; Nicholson J. East 
man, M.D.; and Sharon Reeder, R.N., M.S. 

Family-centered throughout, the 1 1th Edition has been 
brought completely up-to-date. "This is the book for 
which we have been waiting," writes one instructor, 
"it is readable, the illustrations are excellent, and the 
family-centered approach is of infinite value." 638 
Pages 311 Illustrations llth Edition, 1966 $8.00. 

ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATR1C NURSING 

By Florence G. Blake, R.N., M.A.; and F. Howell 
Wright, M.D. 

Offers the student a rich source of material on all 
phases of the nursing of children, i.e., how to recog 
nize, understand, appreciate and meet the emotional, 
physical and social needs of the child. Presented ac 
cording to age levels from birth to adolescence. 815 
Pages 237 Illustrations 7th Edition, 1963 $8.00. 

FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 

By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S. 

A "shorter" presentation, confined to the cardinal prin 
ciples involved in the nursing of children. In this new 
text the author provides commonsense guidance and 
specific suggestions for nursing action. Content is struc 
tured according to age groups. About 600 Pages 1967 
Paperbound, about $5.00 Clothbound, about $7.50. 

For Senior Seminars 

SOCIAL INTERACTION AND 
PATIENT CARE 

Edited by James K. Skipper, Jr., Ph.D.; and Robert C. 
Leonard, Ph.D. 

This well-researched book of readings serves as a link 
between the social sciences and clinical practice. Its 
35 articles, accompanied by editorial commentary, deal 
with the nurse s role, communication, the patient s 
view, structural and cultural environment, and role 
conflicts. 400 Pages 1965 Paperbound $4.75. 

PROFESSIONAL NURSING 
Foundations, Perspectives and 
Relationships 

By Eugenia K. Spalding, R.N., M.A., D.H.L.; and 
Lucille E. Natter, R.N., Ed.D. 

This text presents the student with the essential final 
step in the process of evolving into an independently 
thinking and acting professional person, with a broad 
view of the traditions, trends, opportunities and chal 
lenges of nursing. 684 Pages 75 Illustrations 7th Edi 
tion, 1965 $8.50. 




60 FRONT STREET WEST, TORONTO 1, ONTARIO 



Katherine E. MacLaggan 



A Trihnte Katherine E. MacLaggan, president of the Canadian Nurses Association, 

and director of the School of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, died 
February 6, 1967, in Saint John, New Brunswick. 

Her death brings to an end a career that provided outstanding leadership in 
Canadian nursing. 

Dr. MacLaggan was born in Fredericton, N.B., and received her early 
education and preparation as a teacher in that city. Becoming interested in 
nursing, she entered the School of Nursing of the Royal Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal, and graduated in 1943. Following this, she enrolled in the McGill 
School for Graduate Nurses and obtained a diploma in public health nursing in 
1945. Two years later she returned to the same institution to complete require 
ments for the degree of bachelor of nursing. 

In 1957 she obtained a master of arts degree from Teachers College, 
Columbia University, and in 1965, a doctor of education degree from the same 
university. 

Dr. MacLaggan s professional experience includes staff positions at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital, in industry, and in the public health nursing service 
of the New Brunswick Department of Health. Prior to her appointment as the 
first director of the University of New Brunswick School of Nursing in 1958, 
she was assistant director of public health nursing in the province and a faculty 
member of Teachers College, Fredericton. 

Some nurses will remember Katherine MacLaggan as a capable, humanistic 
practitioner of nursing. Others will remember her as a superb teacher, an able 
administrator, an understanding counselor, and a gentlewoman of great integrity, 
courage, and strength of purpose. 

Many nurses of today and of future generations will remember Katherine 
MacLaggan for her perceptive observations and sound recommendations 
concerning nursing education. Her brilliant dissertation Portrait of Nursing: 
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the Province of New Brunswick, in 
which she lucidly and forcefully set forth her philosophy of nursing and nursing 
education, has already provided a goal for educators in her native province. It 
is being examined with interest by educators in other provinces. 

Those who knew Katherine MacLaggan well, will remember her as a person 
first, and as a nurse second. She gave much of herself to many. She was never 
too busy to listen to a colleague s problems over a cup of coffee, or to take a 
visitor on a guided tour of her home city, Fredericton, of which she was so 
proud. 

In her Acceptance Address as newly-elected President of the Canadian 
Nurses Association last July, Dr. MacLaggan stated: "You have a right [as 
CNA members] to demand that your president has integrity, will offer a leader 
ship subject to guidance, and will make decisions and bear the consequences...." 

This integrity she had. This leadership she gave. 

The President continued: "Our conflict no longer concerns the problems 
themselves; it concerns the status quo versus change. It is a delusion to think 
that change can be avoided... The luxury of delay has disappeared. I ask you 
to provide, on every occasion, what is necessary to the implementation of an 
idea whose time has come. 

"If decisions, or policies, or laws, or persons prove to be inadequate to the 
ongoing scheme of things, remember that these are not forever and can be 
changed at the next time of decision taking. What remain forever are: intellectual 
honesty, values, courage, action and results." 

This was her philosophy. 

26 THE CANADIAN NURSE MARCH 1967 





MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



Telegrams Expressed Grief 



Immediately following the untimely death of (Catherine E. MacLaggan, 
President of the Canadian Nurses Association, many expressions of sympathy 
were received at National Office. 



From individuals 

"Our sympathy and prayers go out to you ... at this 
sad time. Katherine s great contribution to nursing in 
Canada will remain always a tribute to her name. 
Penny Stiver." (Former Executive Director, Canadian 
Nurses Association.) 

"... I share your sorrow. At the same time, I asso 
ciate myself with wider groups in nursing nationally and 
internationally, in grateful tribute to Katherine E. Mac- 
Laggan s magnificent contribution in leadership, vision, 
and courage. Dorothy Percy, Ottawa." (Former Chief 
Nursing Consultant, Department of National Health and 
Welfare.) 

"To the nurses of Canada, deepest sympathy on the 
great loss in death of your President. Lucy D. Ger 
main, Assistant Director, Pennsylvania Hospital, Phila 
delphia." (Former Executive Director of the American 
Journal of Nursing Company.) 

From hospital and university staff 

"On behalf of all nursing staff ... we convey . . . our 
profound regret at the loss of Dr. Katherine E. Mac 
Laggan, our National President. We were keenly aware of 
and proud of her professional stature. For those now 
entrusted with providing continuity for the task to which 
she brought such distinction, we offer our deepest sym 
pathy and support. - - Helen D. Penney, Director of 
Nursing, Central Newfoundland Hospital, Grand Falls, 
Nfld." 

"Sincere condolences on the death of Dr. Katherine E. 
MacLaggan, CNA President. Miss R. Cunningham, 
Director, School of Nursing, St. Paul s Hospital, Van 
couver, B. C." 

"Please accept our sincere condolences on the death 
of our Association President, Dr. Katherine E. MacLag 
gan. Faculty, Misericordia School of Nursing, Win 
nipeg, Manitoba." 

"The Faculty and Students . . . extend ... to the Can 
adian Nurses Association their sincere sympathy in the 
loss of one who has contributed so much to nursing. 
Lillian Brady, Director of Nursing Education. Halifax 
Infirmary School of Nursing, Halifax, N.S." 

"Personnally and on behalf of the nursing staff of 
the University of Alberta Hospital, I extend sincere 
sympathy. M. Geneva Purcell, Director of Nursing. 
University of Alberta Hospital." 

"The board and staff . . . express their sympathy to 
the Canadian Nurses Association in the death of their 
president, Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. Director of 
Nursing. Moose Jaw Union Hospital, Moose Jaw, Sask." 

"Very sensitive to your loss. Sympathy and prayers. 
- Sister Franchise Robert and Faculty, School of Nurs 
ing, University of Ottawa." 

From government personnel 

"We join the nurses of this and other countries in 
28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



paying tribute to Katherine MacLaggan. We join her 
friends and family in gratitude for her life and in sorrow 
for her death. Our sincere sympathies. Senior Nursing 
Officers of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare." 

"The Deputy Minister and Officials of the Department 
of Health join me in extending to you . . . sincere con 
dolences on your great loss. - - Stephen H. Weyman, 
M.D., Minister of Health, Province of New Brunswick." 

"Most sincere regrets from administrative and nursing 
staff on death of Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. Her 
efforts in the field of nursing will exert a lasting influence 
in Canada and internationally. - - O.H. Curtis, M.D., 
C.M., D.P.H., Deputy Minister of Health, Province of 
Prince Edward Island." 

From associations 

"Sincere condolences . . . Katherine MacLaggan was a 
great lady and a distinguished leader in Canadian nurs 
ing. President and Members, Association of Nurses 
of the Province of Quebec." 

"Our heartfelt sympathy on the death of Dr. Kathe 
rine E. MacLaggan. Nurses of the Labrador City 
Wabush Chapter, Labrador." 

"Deeply regret to learn of the death of your Presi 
dent. Dr. Katherine MacLaggan was a most dedicated 
educator and leader. Her presence will be surely missed. 
Chaiker Abbis, President, Canadian Hospital As 
sociation." 

"Regret untimely passing of Katherine E. MacLaggan 
who made unique contribution to nursing education and 
the national organization. M.T. MacFarland, M.D., Re 
gistrar, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba." 

"The deepest regrets of our Association on the death 
of your President. W.C. Sinnott, Secretary, Hospital 
Association of Prince Edward Island." 

"The ANA grieves with you over the untimely death 
of Katherine E. MacLaggan, well known to us for her 
forward-looking and progressive leadership in nursing. 
We extend our deepest sympathy with the sad realiza 
tion that your loss is our loss too. Judith G. Whitaker, 
Executive Director, American Nurses Association, New 
York." 

"Deepest sympathy to the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion and to all Canadian nurses on the death of Presi 
dent Katherine E. MacLaggan. Am notifying ICN mem 
ber associations. Sheila Quinn, Deputy Executive 
Director, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Swit 
zerland." 

"The members of the Association of Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island share with you at CNA Headquarters 
a great personal loss in the early death of our President, 
Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan. Helen L. Bolger, 
Executive Secretary Registrar, ANPEI." 

MARCH 1967 



Medical care of 
Eskimo children 

Small northern hospitals now have something new a pediatric resident. 



The disparity in health standards bet 
ween the Arctic and southern Canada 
has prompted a committee of the Cana 
dian Pediatric Society to study the 
Eskimo health problems, and to make 
suggestions as to how pediatricians can 
cooperate with and support the pro 
grams presently being carried out by 
the Northern Health Services of the 
Department of Health and Welfare. As 
a result, in July of 1965, The Montreal 
Children s Hospital started to send a 
senior pediatric resident each month 
to serve in the new 28-bed hospital at 
Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. 

A harsh land 

The health problems of the arctic 
must be considered in relation to the 
geography, climate, and the history of 
its people. The 1,253,000 square miles 
of land comprising the Northwest Terri 
tories equal the combined area of the 
Atlantic Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, 
and Manitoba. Distance alone creates 
a problem in survival. In the Eastern 
Arctic (Baffin and Ellesmere Islands) 
Precambrian rocks form mountains, 
often divided by glaciers, which rise to 
10,000 feet and fall in spectacular 
cliffs into majestic fjords. The vegeta 
tion consists only of lichens, mosses 
and a few shrubs. 

In this land, the dog sled or skidoo 
is useful only on the coastal areas 
during the winter. Effective transporta 
tion of men and materials depends on 
the airplane in winter, and on coastal 
vessels during the short summer. 

MARCH 1967 



N. Steinmetz, M.D. 

During break-up and freeze-up most 
transportation comes to a standstill, 
although some of the larger settlements 
have landing strips on firm soil. Radio 
is still the chief means of communica 
tion. 

The climate makes severe demands 
on housing and clothing. Great skill is 
required to live off the land. Between 
November and February it is genuinely 
cold, the temperature falling to minus 
30-40 degrees F, and only in June, 
July and August does the average tem 
perature rise to 40-45 degrees F. Strong 
winds and blowing snow are the chief 
hazards in overland travel. 

A hard life 

Traditionally, all the Eskimos lived 
along the coast in family units, and 
moved to follow the game upon which 
their survival depended. Starting as 
early as 1000 A.D., but mainly between 
the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, 
they had increasing contact with white 
explorers. During the 1800 s they dealt 
with whalers, fur traders, and mission 
aries. Gradually they settled near 
trading posts as the latter developed, 
and sought employment there. The 
white man established these settlements 
according to criteria that satisfied his 
own requirements. 

The town of Frobisher Bay, for ex 
ample, was never an Eskimo settle- 

Dr. Steinmetz is pediatric resident at The 
Montreal Children s Hospital, and particip 
ated in the program at Frobisher Bay. 



ment. In 1914 the Hudson Bay Com 
pany established a trading post else 
where on the Bay. In 1942, the United 
States built a military airfield in Fro 
bisher, obviously because it was a good 
place to have an airfield, not because 
the area was a good hunting ground. 
Of the approximately 3,000 Eskimos in 
the Eastern Arctic, nearly one-half of 
them now live in Frobisher Bay, which 
is for them an artificial location. Here, 
as in other such settlements, the men 
find little opportunity to use their 
special skills for hunting and arctic 
survival. Consequently these skills are 
as foreign to the new generation as 
they are to us. The Royal Canadian 
Mounted Police now teach Eskimo 
Boy Scouts how to make igloos. 

Education, as we know it, is now 
being provided to children, but the 
percentage of the population over 15 
years of age without schooling is re 
markably high - - 34 percent in the 
North West Territories compared with 
1.4 percent in the rest of Canada. 1 The 
birth rate is more than twice that of 
the rest of Canada; the under-four- 
years age-group comprises the largest 
group of the Eskimo population in the 
Eastern Arctic. Hence the interest of 
Canadian pediatricians in improving 
the medical care of these people. 

Pediatric care essential 

The economic situation is such that 
a bare, prefabricated, one-room dwel 
ling (4 walls, 1 roof, 2 windows) costs 
$1000, a gallon of fuel oil costs 60tf, a 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 





30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



gallon of water 1<. The per capita 
income of the northern Eskimo is $426 
per year compared to $1,734 for the 
rest of Canada. 2 Under these conditions 
it is difficult to build an environment 
conducive to good health. Diseases that 
could be prevented by education, im 
proved living standards, and accessibili 
ty of treatment still take a huge toll in 
life. 

The task of providing effective me 
dical care to this scattered population 
is presently being attempted by the 28- 
bed Frobisher Bay Hospital under three 
doctors, by the 28-bed missionary 
hospital in Pangnirtung, which is staffed 
by three very able nurses, by several 
nursing stations, and by lay dispensers 
in small outposts. 

The infant death rate per 1000 live 
births is 6 l /2 times that for the rest of 
Canada, and the death rate for children 
one to four years of age is 15 times 
that for the rest of Canada. 3 

Death Rates for Infants Under 1 Year 
of Age -- Per 100,000 Live Births. 4 
NWT P.Q. Canada 
Lower Respiratory 
Tract Infection 5458 473 434 
Gastroenteritis 1463 153 120 

The death rate of female children 
is significantly greater than that for 
males. 

Three out of five children are born 
at home, delivered by women who have 
learned the art from their ancestors. 
Pre-and postnatal care, as we know it, 
is difficult to provide for such a far- 
flung population. 

Simple diseases have serious effects 

Among the greatest causes of death 
in infants under one year of age are 
lower respiratory tract infections and 
gastroenteritis, each 12Vi and 12 times 
as common as in the rest of Canada/ 
These figures all look very dramatic, 
but it must be remembered that they 
have to be interpreted with care, due 
to the small number of the population. 

The Eskimos living on the trading 
post no longer have easy access to 
their native diet, and cannot afford nor 
know how to choose a balanced diet 

MARCH 1967 



from the variety of foods available in 
the white man s stores. All too often 
potato chips and soft drinks form a dis 
proportionate amount of their pur 
chase. As a result malnutrition is mani 
fested by the appearance of vitamin D 
deficiency, rickets, and iron deficiency 
anemia. These diseases are not seen in 
the more remote camps where raw 
meat is the staple diet 

Impetigo, upper respiratory tract in 
fections, and draining ears are common 
place. Our experience suggests that in 
the Eastern Arctic there is a relation 
ship between middle ear disease and 
social conditions, as was demonstrated 
by Cambon et al 8 in the Western 
Arctic. 

Several epidemics of viral disease 
have been recorded. 7 They have been 
more severe in remote areas than in 
more concentrated populations where 
immunological resistance is higher. 
With this in mind, a widespread pro 
gram of measles vaccination has re 
cently been undertaken by the Northern 
Health Service. 

Memophilus influenza and meningo- 
coccal meningitis have been reported 
to occur more frequently than in the 
rest of Canada. In Frobisher Bay we 
have seen five to seven cases per month 
whereas the average from a much larger 
population at The Montreal Children s 
Hospital is 4.4 cases per month. Poor 
housing, inadequate nutrition in settle 
ments, and resulting decreased resistan 
ce are likely contributory causes. 

Chronic disease is common 

The increasing influx of transient 
laborers has been associated with a 
rising incidence of venereal disease in 
adolescents. 

Routine chest roentgenograms of 
Eskimo children referred to The Mon 
treal Children s Hospital for various 
reasons have frequently demonstrated 
a diffuse chronic non-tuberculous lung 
disease. Clinically, the child may or may 
not cough, and sometimes no adventi 
tious sounds are heard on auscultation. 
The significance of these findings is 
not known, nor is the cause or course. 

Tuberculosis has been a problem in 
the Eskimo population only since the 

MARCH 1967 



second half of the 1800 s, when con 
tact with whalers, trappers, and traders 
became established. As late as 1955-57 
Schaefer 8 estimated that 5-10 percent 
of all Eskimos reached by the Eastern 
Arctic Patrol had to be evacuated for 
treatment of active tuberculosis. A vi 
gorous program of BCG vaccination, 
case finding, and treatment is reducing 
this problem. 

A new frontier 

The government departments dealing 
with Canada s northland have made 
great strides in recent years in improv 
ing living and health standards of the 
Eskimo, and in providing education 
and training. However, much remains 
to be done. In the same spirit in which 
other Canadian university centers have 
initiated medical services in the North,* 
so The Montreal Children s Hospital is 
sending its residents to Frobisher Bay. 
Here they are responsible for those 
children requiring special medical care, 
and as a result are often able to reduce 
evacuations for treatment. 

The residents run two well-baby 
clinics a week, and work in the out 
patients department every afternoon. 
An important aspect of their work is 
the provision of follow-up care to those 
children who have returned from The 
Montreal Children s Hospital after 
having been treated there. Thus, com 
munication between the two hospitals 
has improved greatly. We hope that by 
complementing the work of the North 
ern Health Service, their presence will 
improve the medical care of Eskimo 
children. 

The project has already proven its 
worth as a training experience by de 
monstrating how much can be achieved 
far away from a sophisticated medical 
center. Residents are more intimately 
involved with the family and the child s 
home. Much interest in the medical 
problems of the Arctic is already being 

*Queen s University, Kingston, Ont., sends 
interns to Moose Factory in Northern On 
tario, and the University of Alberta pro 
vides intern service for the Inuvik area at 
the mouth of the Mackenzie River in the 
Northwest Territories. 



stimulated as a result of this contact. 

In summary, we "Southerners" have 
been responsible for disturbing the 
ecology of the Arctic. We have tempted 
the Eskimo with our way of life, and 
made him dependent on our technolo 
gy. As these programs of medical 
service mature, we hope they will help 
to restore the new generation to better 
health. This done, the Eskimo will be 
able to benefit from the training and 
education that can equip him to parti 
cipate in our civilization. 

References 

1. The Northwest Territories Today. A re 
ference paper for the Advisory commis 
sion on the Development of Govern 
ment in the Northwest Territories. Ot 
tawa, Queen s Printer, 1965, p. 18. 

2. Ibid., p. 123. 

3. Ibid., p. 19. 

4. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Vital 
Statistics 84-202 (1960) Ottawa, Queen s 
Printer, 1962. 

5. Ibid. 

6. Cambon, K., Galbraith, J.D., and Kong, 
G. Middle Ear Disease in Indians of 
the Mount Currie Reservation, British 
Columbia. CMAJ, 93: 1301, 1965. 

7. Schaeffer, Otto, Medical Observations 
and Problems in the Canadian Arctic. 
CMAJ, 81: 248, 1959. 

8. Ibid. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Nursing in 
the North 






Nursing on Canada s modern-day 
frontier offers a wide variety 
of experience and numerous 
opportunities. Nurses are essential 
in bringing a health program 
to the vast northern area of 
Canada where geography is the 
single greatest enemy of health. 



Health care to the more than 200,000 
residents scattered over 3,500,000 square 
miles of territory is provided by the 
Medical Services Branch of the Department 
of National Health and Welfare. 



Over 800 nurses, working in hospitals or 
from nursing stations and health centers 
located in trading posts and settlements, 
meet the challenge of providing 
comprehensive, community-type health 
programs even such programs 
as managing your first two-wheeler. 





The northern nurse s responsibilities include 
communicable disease control; 
immunization programs; health supervision 
and teaching through home visits, 
child-health, pre- and postnatal clinics; 
and health consultant in home, 
school and community. 



This 28-bed hospital at Frobisher Bay 
is one of 16 hospitals maintained 
by the Medical Services Branch. 





32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 




The hospitals conform to federal standards 
and are built in accord with the north s 
special needs. They are well-equipped and 
are far from primitive. 



Outpost nursing stations, 42 of them, are 
located in isolated areas that have no 
resident physician. Two nurses, one well- 
qualified in obstetrical nursing, and one 
with public health preparation, staff 
these centers for emergency care and 
evacuation of the seriously ill. 



Visiting nurses work mainly from health 
clinics in semi-isolated centers. The nurse 
in the north travels by any means available: 
plane, canoe, dog-team, fishing boat, 
and, where there are roads, car. 



School health is one aspect of the total 
community program. The nurse and teacher 
work together to strengthen home and 
school health. 










Winter working dress for the public health 
nurses includes a native parka and ski 
outfit. A new uniform is being made up 
and will include a dress suit, topcoat, 
slack outfit, and ski suit. D 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



Outpost nursing 



A new program at Oalhousie University helps prepare nurses for positions in 
remote areas of the North. 



During the last half-dozen years, the 
School of Nursing and the Medical 
School at Dalhousie University have 
become aware that nurses serving in 
the remote, sparsely populated areas 
of Canada s Northland are required to 
provide care far beyond the horizons 
defined by nursing education in Cana 
da. Dr. Robert C. Dickson, Professor 
of Medicine at Dalhousie University 
Medical School, and others have had 
opportunity for travel and observation 
in the Canadian North, and a liaison 
has developed between the University 
and one organization providing north 
ern health services. 

Everywhere in the North the provi 
sion of health services tends to follow 
one general pattern. Regional hospitals, 
preferably with several doctors, are 
surrounded by satellite nursing stations 
staffed by one or more nurses. Trans 
portation, usually by air, is provided 
from the satellite nursing station to the 
regional hospital when weather condi 
tions permit, and some sort of radio 
communication is maintained between 
them. 

The nursing stations vary in size and 
facilities offered, but they serve as a 
center for the health program through 
out the surrounding district, providing 
outpatient clinics at the nursing station, 
a few beds for inpatients, and a public 
health program. A midwifery service is 
provided, and there are beds and 
bassinets in the station for obstetrical 
patients. Initial care for seriously ill 
patients awaiting transport to the re- 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Ruth E. May, B.A., R.N., CM. 

gional hospital is given in the station, if 
possible under the radio direction of a 
doctor at the nearest hospital. 

A lack of doctors 

It is obvious that a nurse at a 
northern nursing station will be pro 
viding services which fall within the 
prerogative of a doctor in other parts 
of Canada. Although a doctor may 
visit from time to time and be available 
for some radio consultation, many of 
the nurse s day-by-day activities will 
require judgment and skill beyond the 
scope of what we normally consider 
to be nursing. 

It is impossible to provide doctors 
now at this level; there are simply not 
enough available. Moreover, a familiar- 
Miss May is the newly appointed Lecturer 
in Outpost Nursing at the Dalhousie Uni 
versity School of Nursing. She holds a B.A. 
degree from Wellesley College, Wellesley, 
Mass., and is a graduate of the Massachu 
setts General Hospital School of Nursing 
in Boston. She received her midwifery 
preparation at the Frontier Nursing Service 
Graduate School of Midwifery in Kentucky, 
and has served for a number of years with 
the International Grenfell Association in 
northern Newfoundland and Labrador. For 
the past eight years she has been nurse- 
in-charge of the nursing station and sur 
rounding district at Mary s Harbour, Labra 
dor, an area in which about 1500 Labra 
dor fishermen live. Miss May has also been 
a member of Nurses Christian Fellowship. 



ity with this type of service leads one 
to feel that doctors should not be used 
at this grass roots level even if they 
were available. The total population 
served by one of these stations is small 
and often widely scattered. There is 
little to attract a doctor professionally. 
Diagnostic facilities are of necessity 
very limited in a station of this size. 
Any surgery requiring general anesthe 
sia, no matter how minor, is usually 
not possible as there is normally no one 
qualified to give anesthesia safely. A 
very large number of the doctor s pa 
tients would need to be referred to the 
regional hospital, often not because the 
doctor lacked the medical background 
to care for them, but because the re 
quisite facilities would be lacking. 

Is it reasonable, one asks, for a per 
son educated amid all the intricacies of 
latter twentieth century medicine to 
work where it is impossible for him to 
use a considerable portion of the know 
ledge he has acquired and where 
further professional growth is neany 
impossible ? How much better for him 
to serve as a member of a medical 
team at a regional hospital and for 
specially prepared nurses to continue 
to serve at the nursing station level. 

As a familiarity with northern facil 
ities developed, one fact became in 
escapable. A large number of the 
nurses serving in northern nursing sta 
tions are either foreign born or foreign 
educated. This pattern developed es 
sentially because it was desirable for 
these nurses to have formal preparation 

MARCH 1967 



in midwifery, and such preparation is 
difficult to obtain on this side of the 
Atlantic. Gradually a conviction arose 
that facilities should be provided in 
Canada to help Canadian girls wishing 
Jo_work in remote areas of the North. 
We hear much these days about the 
responsibility of the highly developed 
nations to the developing areas of the 
world and the personal rewards of this 
"Peace Corps" type of service. Why 
not a plan to prepare Canadian nurses 
for service in the isolated areas of the 
Canadian North, a plan which would 
include preparation not only in mid 
wifery but in all the areas where the 
nurse is required to function beyond 
the scope of nursing elsewhere in 
Canada. 

A new program is born 

Thus the Outpost Nursing Program 
at Dalhousie was born. The entire fac 
ulty of the School of Nursing and 
key persons at the University Medical 
School have been most enthusiastic. A 
program extending over two calendar 
years has been planned and will be di 
rected by a member of the University 
School of Nursing faculty who is a 
qualified midwife with an extensive 
background of northern service at the 
nursing station level. 

The first class, to be admitted in 
September, 1967, will be limited to 
eight students, as the clinical experience 
will be highly individualized with in 
tensive tutorial type teaching maintain 
ed in all areas. Applicants must be 
graduate nurses and are asked to have 
completed at least one year of pro 
fessional nursing experience. Prepara 
tion in public health nursing, a vital 
area in northern service, will be inte 
grated throughout the program, and a 
university diploma in public health 
nursing as well as a diploma in outpost 
nursing will be awarded at the comple 
tion of the program. Within the next 
year or two a shortened course for 
students who already have preparation 
in public health nursing will be devised. 

Students will spend their first year 
in Halifax. Lectures and seminars in 
basic public health nursing will be 
provided during this year and also 
clinical teaching within the areas of 
general medicine, surgery, pediatrics, 
and midwifery. Some lectures in ma- 
teria medica and some basic laboratory 
experience will be included. Three 
teaching hospitals in Halifax have of 
fered clinical resources most enthu 
siastically for the students, and 
clinical teaching and experience will 
be carried out there, primarily at 
the bedside, under the direction of 
medical school personnel working in 
cooperation with the lecturer in outpost 
nursing. Opportunity will be given for 

MARCH 1967 



the student to develop some skill in 
basic physical examination and also in 
various specific procedures such as the 
starting of intravenous infusions, su 
turing, and the opening of superficial 
abscesses. 

The second year will consist of an 
internship under the direction of the 
University in a northern setting, using 
selected hospitals and nursing stations 
of the International Grenfell Associa 
tion and the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. The students will 
spend half of this year exclusively 
within the area of midwifery at St. 
Anthony Hospital, St. Anthony, New 
foundland. The remainder of the year 
will provide further teaching and su 
pervised experience in public health 
nursing and in clinical medicine, sur 
gery, and pediatrics. Opportunity will 
also be given for the students to de 
velop some skill in routine dental 
extractions. 

Midwifery emphasized 

Particular care has been given to the 
development of the midwifery section 
of the program. A comprehensive nine- 
month experience has been arranged 
with three months during the first year 
in Halifax and the remainder during 
the internship year. Lectures will be 
given by the lecturer in outpost nursing 
and the obstetrical staffs of the hospi 
tals involved. 

Each student will have the opportu 
nity to care for in labor, and to deliver, 
approximately 30 to 40 women. Op 
portunity to evaluate, follow, and con 
tribute to the care of patients with 
abnormal courses will be provided. 
There will be extensive experience in 
antenatal clinics with emphasis on 
patient and family teaching. During the 
internship, when travel permits, there 
will be a program of weekly home 
visits to mothers and babies following 
discharge from hospital. 

Experience in postpartum care and 
management of the normal newborn 
and premature infant will be provided. 
As in all the clinical areas, teaching 
and supervision will be individualized 
on a tutorial pattern. 

This experience will use as a found 
ation the three months in obstetrical 
nursing that students receive in their 
basic nursing education program. Al 
though basic obstetrical nursing is not 
midwifery, it does serve as a very useful 
background, and some lectures review 
ing and expanding this material will be 
given before the students embark on 
their full-time midwifery experience. 

At the end of the program, there 
fore, the students will have completed 
a total of one year within the overall 
area, three months during the basic 
nursing course, and nine months during 



the outpost nursing program. This has 
been arranged to be equivalent not 
only in time but also in content with 
the British pattern of midwifery pre 
paration, and the University feels that 
graduates of the program can be ex 
pected to function at the same level of 
competence. It is hoped that the esta 
blishment of this experience will re 
present a significant achievement in the 
history of nursing education in Canada. 

Constant emphasis throughout the 
entire program will be given to the 
early recognition and evalution of sig 
nificant illness and potential threats 
to the well-being of the patient and his 
family. The nurse must learn to initiate 
treatment or transfer the patient to a 
hospital before an emergency situation 
develops; one of her aims must be to 
prevent the development of emergency 
situations in isolated nursing stations 
whenever this is possible. However, 
there will be discussions of reasonable 
plans of action in unavoidable or un- 
predicted emergencies when medical 
aid or transport to hospital is not im 
mediately available. 

Considerable thought has been given 
to the identification of those functions 
and procedures that can be taught 
safely to nurses and to those that she 
should avoid. It is essential that the 
students be taught to recognize and 
respect their limitations. It should be 
noted, also, that it is never intended 
for these students to use the specific 
skills developed within this program in 
other areas of Canada where such care 
is provided by resident doctors. 

Arduous, but rewarding 

The type of northern service for 
which this program in outpost nursing 
seeks to prepare nurses is arduous, and 
nurses considering service of this sort 
should face the demands realistically. 
There are likely to be emergency 
situations and tragedies that must 
sometimes be met and accepted alone. 
Many of the common amenities of 
twentieth century living will be lacking. 
There can be periods of drudgery and 
loneliness; in due time the glamor is 
likely to fade. However, those who 
have steeped themselves in this work 
have found the rewards far outweighing 
the demands. There will always be a 
tremendous challenge and satisfaction 
in attempting to provide the best 
possible service to those whose birth 
right has included so much less than 
ours. 

Hundreds of years ago Jesus said to 
a group of his friends, 

"In so far as you rendered such 
services to one of the humblest of 
these my brethren, you rendered 
them to myself." Matthew 25: 
40, (Weymouth). D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Drug dependency research 
expensive luxury or necessary 
commodity? 



In drug dependency research, the questions are still more 
plentiful than the answers. 



Mood-changing drugs and their 
effects on those who ingest them have 
received much attention during the 
past few years. Drugs hold a special 
fascination they at once attract and 
repel. Purveyors of juicy newspaper 
headlines, spicy television programs, 
lurid tales, are guaranteed a market. 
However, whatever sensational quali 
ties drugs may have, only serious study 
will enhance our knowledge to the 
point where fact rather than fancy will 
prevail. 

Research, for the most part, is not 
sensational. Unless some spectacular 
scientific breakthrough is achieved, it 
does not merit newspaper headlines. 
It is often forgotten that behind each 
striking discovery are years and years 
of quiet and often frustrating research 
and experimentation. Serendipity is 
indeed rare! 

Fortunately, more and more quali 
fied researchers are now studying 
mood-changing drugs and their physio 
logical, pharmacological, psychological 
and sociological effects. To be sure, 
one meets the very people who are part 
of interesting tales told, but the collec 
tion of factual data is an expensive, 
time-consuming and, at times, very 
tedious process. Nor are research re 
ports recommended bedtime reading 
unless perhaps for quick sleep induce 
ment. For research into drug depen 
dency must embrace such mundane 
matters as prevention, pharmacology, 
epidemiology, treatment, and legisla 
tion, and must assure a systematic ac- 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Ingeborg Paulus 

cumulation of general knowledge. It 
therefore has to draw on various dis 
ciplines to make it less of a riddle to 
those engaged in preventing and fight 
ing a disease that seems to take on new 
shapes as more and more mood- 
changing drugs become known and 
available for experimentation. 

NAF research program 

The Narcotic Addiction Foundation 
of British Columbia (NAF) was found 
ed in September, 1955, with the objec 
tive "to develop a research, treatment, 
rehabilitation and education program." 
Many obstacles prevented the develop 
ment of all goals simultaneously. Con 
sequently it was not possible until the 
end of 1964 to start the development 
of a research program. 

Research should include a thorough 
examination of the many-faceted as 
pects of drug dependency and abuse. 
Lack of financial resources have, to 
date, prevented the NAF from doing 
other than rudimentary medical and 
sociological research. We have been 
engaged in sociological research for 
two years. Some projects are finished, 
some are in progress, and some are in 
the planning stages. The following is 
a short account of research undertaken 
by the NAF. 



Miss Paulus is Research Associate with 
the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of British 
Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. 



Past endeavors 

Information Collection on the NAF 
Patient Population 

Any research calls for the accumu 
lation of a body of data that lends 
itself to manipulation. That is, if data 
are to be meaningfully interpreted they 
must be complete rather than frag 
mentary; they must be ordered into 
some meaningful categories rather than 
be a haphazard mess; and they must 
be accurate. The collection of this kind 
of data is not always easy. It is further 
complicated when the respondent is 
a patient who quite often comes for 
help only when he is drugged, agitated, 
or in the process of withdrawal; in 
other words, when his reasoning and 
memory frequently are impaired. 

This, then, was a first task: to 
devise a suitable form for collecting 
necessary information during the intake 
process, which would provide up-to- 
date knowledge of our patient popula 
tion. Data on socioeconomic character 
istics such as age, sex, marital status, 
education, etc., are now easily checked. 
We can get immediate information on 
our patients origin, period of addic 
tion and criminal record, accumulated 
either prior or subsequent to addiction. 
Apart from knowing something about 
the NAF treatment population, this 
kind of information is used to devise 
prevention and treatment methods. 

Treatment Results 

One of the primary functions of the 
staff at the NAF is to treat and reha- 

MARCH 1967 



bilitate its patients. How do we know 
whether or not our methods actually 
produce the desired results? One way 
is to compare two similar groups - 
one following a specific treatment 
program, the other not. After a suitable 
time lapse, the two groups can be 
followed up and the effects of treat 
ment measured and assessed. The re 
sults of such a study may be inconclu 
sive, yet they may give clues to success 
ful treatment approaches. Unfortun 
ately, this type of prospective treatment 
assessment study is time-consuming. It 
may be five or six years before suffi 
cient data are available for drawing 
conclusions that can be generalized 
over a larger population. Moreover, 
ethical considerations may prevent this 
type of research. Is one justified to 
treat some patients and not others? 
What criteria for selection should one 
employ? These are very serious ques 
tions that the treatment team must 
answer before such a study can be 
started. 

Retrospective follow-up studies are, 
at best, compromises. One has a group 
of patients treated some years ago; to 
find out what has happenned to these 
patients since their treatment is diffi 
cult, since the necessary controls are 
lacking. If a considerable number of 
patients had improved, one would not 
be justified in attributing this to the 
treatment, for other factors, including 
time, may have been equally important 
in bringing about a change. 

At the NAF we were faced with a 
unique situation. In 1963, Dr. R. Halli- 
day, past clinical director, decided to 
change the drug addiction treatment 
radically from that usually practiced in 
North America, by maintaining selected 
patients on small doses of metha- 
done for anywhere from 4 to 52-1- 
week periods. At the same time the 
NAF continued treating a portion of 
its patients by giving them regular, 
12-day withdrawals, in conjunction 
with the standard social work, psy 
chiatric, and medical treatment given 
to all patients. 

We could compare the two treatment 
populations and assess results, but we 
could not assess the effectiveness of 
either type of treatment. Since one 
treatment was quite different from any 
practiced during the past 40 years, we 
decided to do a retrospective follow-up 
study. As expected, the results of the 
study were inconclusive, but they did 
give an impetus to planning a long- 
range prospective study. Without the 
retrospective study, we might not have 
learned anything. By doing it, we 
gained at least enough knowledge to 
guide us in the future. 

Briefly, the study suggested that 
older patients responded more favor- 

MARCH 1967 



ably to either type of treatment. Age 
seemed to be the most important vari 
able, influencing change in a positive 
direction. For patients over 50 years 
of age, in particular, the prolonged 
methadone treatment program indi 
cated promising results.* 

From what we were able to learn, 
we concluded that the NAF is serving 
the community by maintaining all pa 
tients over 50 years on a narcotic 
drug. It seems that various processes 
(to be investigated shortly) take place 
in addicts lives that can best be de 
scribed as "maturing-out of narcotic 
addiction" (a term coined by Dr. Char 
les Winick, director, program in drug 
dependence and abuse of the American 
Social Health Association). But these 
processes seem to fail for a consider 
able portion of the addict population. 
This portion seems to be unable to 
function without some chemical help. 
To offset the detrimental aspects of 
the illegal procurement of drugs, a 
maintenance-treatment program seems 
an economical choice. As yet, we do 
not know what kind of treatment is 
indicated for younger addict patients. 
We feel that only new experimental 
approaches will help us further. 

Present research 

Barbiturates 

During the past few years, we have 
noted several changes in drug abuse 
patterns. First, increasingly more 
heroin addicts are using barbiturates, 
either alone or in conjunction with 
their heroin or methadone intake. We 
noted a rapid increase in barbiturate 
consumption especially among women. 
We postulated various hypotheses for 
this change in drug abuse patterns, 
which we were testing on a sample of 
our patients. The major hypothesis that 
the supplementation of heroin with 
barbiturates is mainly an economic 
necessity was confirmed. Furthermore, 
the easy availability of barbiturates also 
contributes to their heavy abuse. 

We know that the abuse of barbitur 
ates and amphetamines is not limited 
to heroin addicts. Unfortunately, our 
resources do not allow us to undertake 
an investigation into these drug abuses. 
A strong necessity for research into this 
problem exists, but it is fraught with 
difficulties. The result is that very few 
accounts other than "popular press" 
articles are available to bring this 
serious abuse, with its detrimental phy 
sical and social consequences, to the 

* Ingeborg Paulus, "A comparative Study 
of Long-term and Short-term Withdrawal of 
Narcotic Addicts Voluntarily Seeking Com 
prehensive Treatment," Vancouver, B. C., 
The Narcotic Addiction Foundation of 
British Columbia, April, 1966. 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




attention of an uninformed public. 

Psychedelics 

At the present time, there seems to 
be an insatiable demand for accounts of 
the dangers and delights associated 
with the marijuana (cannabis saliva) 
and LSD-25 (lysergic acid diethylamide) 
cult. As expected, the popular press 
has taken the lead in "informing" the 
public about this cult. Speculations and 
half-truths fill page after page. Factual 
research is time-consuming, and before 
responsible findings are released, the 
myths surrounding these drugs seem to 
overshadow the realities. It becomes 
increasingly difficult, even for the wary 
researcher, to separate fact from fancy. 

The NAF study is especially interest 
ed in distinguishing between the drug 
abuser and the isolated young ex 
perimenter. It seems to be part of the 
follies, and perhaps the privileges of 
youth, to taste some of the forbidden 
fruits of life. Thus we are trying to 
determine who the young people are 
who are so attracted to psychedelic 
drugs that they risk incarceration and 
a criminal record just to partake of 
these forbidden "pleasures." 

We must ask such questions as: Will, 
in a few years from now, our clinic be 
overrun with narcotic drug users who 
started on their road to addiction via 
the psychedelics? Or will the use of 
psychedelics be a fad with no direct 
consequences as far as our future treat 
ment population is concerned? Will 
this group of drug abusers need treat 
ment at all? Or will it need treatment, 
but different from that required by the 
heroin addict? In other words, we are 
trying to find present facts on which 
to base future actions and policies. 

Planned research 

From our past endeavors we are 
perhaps able to answer some questions; 
but our questions are still more plenti 
ful than our answers. 

Prospective Treatment Follow-up 
Study 

One issue to be investigated, which 
arose out of the retrospective follow- 
up study, is the effectiveness of the 



38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



present treatment the NAF is able to 
give. The retrospective follow-up study 
could not answer this question, because 
we had no untreated population as a 
control. It did, however, enable us to 
formulate a treatment-research pro 
gram. The proposed study will be very 
expensive; therefore, its realization is 
dependent on financial support present 
ly being sought. 

Natural History of Addiction 

A less expensive but no less impor 
tant project involves the investigation 
of the natural history of addiction. By 
questioning the addict and from ac 
cumulated records, we want to dis-- 
cover: who the addict was before he 
started to use drugs; the deciding fac 
tors that made him experiment with 
any kind of drug; the unpleasant re 
alities he was trying to escape; what 
happened once he started to use drugs; 
the length of the drug-use span; and 
what made him stop using drugs. In 
other words, what does an addict 
career entail? Does it come to a natural 
or unnatural end? And, once ended, 
what then? 

Goal: Prevention of abuse 

When we have answered some of 
these questions, we might be able to 
launch a more effective campaign of 
drug abuse prevention. This, we feel, 
merits our greatest efforts. Although it 
is essential to know how best to treat 
addicts, it is much more essential and 
also less expensive to prevent drug ex 
perimentation and abuse. The com 
petition for tax-payers dollars to 
prevent and cure society s various ills 
is heavy. The more we learn how to 
prevent these ills, the more funds will 
be available to enrich all of our lives. 

It may seem that in view of the pres 
sing demands for treatment, research is 
an expensive luxury; but viewed in the 
light of its long-term benefits, research 
is one of the most necessary commodi 
ties when dealing with the riddle of 
drug dependency and abuse. D 



MARCH 1967 



Use of narcotics 
in addict therapy 



Treatment of persons addicted to narcotics is frequently a dismal failure. The 
question of the role of narcotic drugs in the treatment of such persons 
still remains unanswered. 



For some years there has been con 
siderable controversy as to the validity 
or even morality --of using nar 
cotic drugs in the treatment and reha 
bilitation of narcotic drug addicts. To 
many people the concept that addicts 
can be treated or cured appears naive, 
or even ludicrous; follow-up statistics 
from various treatment centers are 
quoted to indicate that the vast major 
ity of addicts following treatment, in 
or out of prison, quickly relapse to 
their former way of life, that is, to 
criminal behavior or prostitution, as 
well as to the use of narcotic and other 
addicting drugs. 

On the other hand, there are those 
who commend what they term the 
"British system" of treating addicts. 
They conclude that the relatively small 
number of addicts in Britain (about 
753 according to the British Ministry 
of Health report, 1965) 1 is due to this 
supposed method of treating addicts 
there. When compared with Canada s 
known addict population of 3,573 in 
1965, 2 (in a population of 20 million 
as compared with Britain s population 
of more than 50 million) it may seem 
that there is something about the legal 
and medical management of addicts in 
Britain that we in Canada might study 
and adopt to our advantage. 

No "system" in Britain 

When one takes a closer look at the 
situation in Britain, a number of facts 
become apparent. First, there is in 
reality no "system" of treating addicts 

MARCH 1967 



Robert Halliday, M.B., D.P.M. 

in Britain if, by system, one means: 
that all addicts are given narcotics 
regularly in the course of treatment; 
that the government has clinics to 
which addicts may go for treatment; 
or that all drug addicts are registered 
and, once registered, are automatically 
placed on a narcotic for an indefinite 
period, or even for life. 

Further, when one considers the law 
relating to the manufacture, sale, dis 
tribution, and use of narcotics or dan 
gerous drugs, it becomes apparent that 
British law is very similar to Canadian 
law. 

From whence, then, comes the myth 
of the "British system"? for myth it 
is. In fact, there is no system of regis 
tration; nor are there government 
clinics; nor is it government policy (via 
the ministry of health or elsewhere) to 
encourage or direct physicians to treat 
addicts with narcotics. Indeed, in the 
British Ministry of Health report re 
ferred to earlier, the following recom 
mendations, among others, are made: 
that all addicts to dangerous drugs be 
reported to a central authority; that to 
treat addicts a number of special treat 
ment centers should be established, es 
pecially in the London area; and that 
it should be a statutory offence for doc 
tors (other than those on the staff of 
the special treatment centers) to pres 
cribe heroin and cocaine to an addict. 

Dr. Halliday is Co-ordinator of Education 
for the Narcotic Addiction Foundation of 
British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. 



These recommendations make it quite 
clear that the "British system," so 
lauded by many nai ve, if well-meaning 
people, is not a reality. 

Addiction considered an illness 

What does happen in Britain that is 
different from typical Canadian policy 
and practice? As far back as 1924, the 
Rolleston Committee, which investi 
gated the problem of narcotic drug 
abuse for the British Government, c6n- 
cluded that morphine or heroin might 
properly be administered to addicts in 
the following circumstances: 

1. Where patients are under treat 
ment by the gradual withdrawal 
method with a view to cure. 

2. Where it has been demonstrated 
after a prolonged attempt at cure that 
the use of the drug cannot be safely 
discontinued entirely, on account of 
the severity of the withdrawal symp 
toms produced. 

3. Where it has been clearly de 
monstrated that the patient, while 
capable of leading a useful and rela 
tively normal life when a certain mini 
mum dose is regularly administered, 
becomes incapable of this when the 
drug is entirely discontinued. 

A memorandum from the British 
Ministry of Health to physicians in 
cluded this statement: "The continued 
supply of drugs to a patient, either 
direct or by prescription, solely for 
the gratification of addiction, is not 
regarded as a medical need." 3 

It may be concluded that one signif- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



leant difference between the British 
and Canadian attitudes toward addicts 
is that in Britain addicts have been 
recognized as people in need of medical 
help, whereas in Canada and the U.S., 
until recently, the addict has been re 
garded as a criminal, and treated as 
such. 

It was only in 1961 that Canadian 
legislation regarding illegal possession 
of narcotics was altered, and the man 
datory six months minimum jail sen 
tence of convicted persons revoked. 
This jail sentence was never mandatory 
in Britain. Usually fines, suspended 
sentences, or probation were employed, 
rather than imprisonment. 

Athough certain addicts notably 
the so-called criminal addicts are 
normally reluctant to enter hospital for 
treatment, the fact is that in Canada it 
is almost impossible to obtain a hos 
pital bed (general or psychiatric) for 
such therapy. In Britain it has usually 
been easier for the addict to gain ad 
mission to and obtain treatment in a 
hospital. Again, the emphasis has been 
on the addict as a sick and dependent 
person, whatever his criminal activities 
may be. 

In Canada today 

The first recommendation of the 
Rolleston Committee (now 40 years 
old) is generally accepted in Canada 
today. In most instances the synthetic 
narcotic methadone hydrochloride is 
used in the withdrawal program. It has 
been demonstrated that over a period 
of from one to three weeks, most nar 
cotic addicts (heroin being their drug 
of choice) can be safely withdrawn by 
gradually reducing the methadone 
which is substituted for the heroin. 

Since heroin cannot be legally ob 
tained for any purpose in Canada, it 
cannot be used, though morphine or 
other narcotics may be used as the 
substitute. However, methadone has be 
come most widely accepted, and, be 
ginning with an initial dose of about 
40 mg. daily, can be safely and gradu 
ally reduced until no narcotics are 
being employed. Other drugs tran- 
quilizers and antidepressants may 
also be used in conjunction with the 
methadone, and continued as necessary 
after the latter has been discontinued. 4 

But what about the second and third 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



recommendations of the Rolleston 
Committee? How are they to be in 
terpreted? With our present knowledge 
of the treatment of addicts, both of 
these recommendations are more sub 
ject to criticism than when they were 
originally advocated. However, it is still 
true that treatment is frequently a dis 
mal failure, in spite of our opportun 
ities, and the question of the role of 
narcotic drugs in the therapeutic regi 
men still remains. 

NAF experiment 

The Narcotic Addiction Foundation 
of British Columbia is a private agency 
engaged in the treatment of the addict 
patient at liberty in the community who 
seeks treatment voluntarily. In 1963 
the NAF decided to apply the Rolles 
ton recommendations in the treatment 
of certain selected, and usually older, 
patients whose history indicated re 
peated failure in therapy. It should be 
noted that drug therapy, though fre 
quently an essential part of the treat 
ment and rehabilitative program, is not 
the only, or indeed the main aspect. 

The rationale for the procedures 
used depends on the recognition of the 
addict as physically, psychologically, 
and socially sick. He is a disturbed 
and dependent person, who has gradu 
ally focused his life around those pro 
cesses by which he obtains the drug, 
and the gratification he receives from 
it. Further, in most addicts of this 
group the dependency and self-des 
tructive needs are so great that to begin 
their therapy without the use of narcot 
ics (if they are at liberty and not in 
control) would be unthinkable. In other 
words, their motivation is poor, and 
their ability to get along without drugs 
in a reasonable way is minimal. 

We hoped that by administering 
methadone for a longer period, while 
at the same time continuing investiga 
tion into the physical, social and psy 
chological problems of the individual, 
and using suitable therapies (medical, 
psychiatric, counseling, re-education, 
job-training, and job-finding, etc.), we 
would be able to help the individual 
to become less dependent on the nar 
cotic, to reduce or resolve his social 
and emotional conflicts, and gradually 
assume more responsibility for him 
self. In such a program, the drug 



comparable in some ways to the pro 
longed use of tranquilizers or antide 
pressants in treating mentally ill pa 
tients in the community would be 
an essential feature of therapy, and 
would assist many addicts to lead more 
useful and constructive lives. Our ex 
perience with this method at the NAF 
has tended to confirm the above hypo 
thesis, and many "hard-core" addicts 
have given up their criminal and anti 
social behavior under this regimen. 5 

More recently, Dole and Nyswander 8 
in New York have experimented with a 
variation of this approach, and while 
results are still tentative, they again in 
dicate that for some addicts such an 
approach is worthwhile, is less costly 
to the community, and at worst helps 
to prevent many addicts from contin 
uing and repeating their cycle of 
drugs, criminality, jail, and more drugs. 

Changing attitude 

Since the aforementioned British 
recommendations were proposed, our 
understanding and approach to the 
treatment of the addict has gradually 
moved toward acceptance of him as a 
sick person who needs treatment, what 
ever other forms of control might be 
desirable. This principle is operative 
even when imprisonment is assigned 
for criminal acts. Within this past year 
a new federal drug treatment center for 
convicted offenders has been opened at 
Matsqui, in the Fraser Valley, British 
Columbia. After screening, selected ad 
dict offenders are sent to this center 
for treatment and rehabilitative mea 
sures, which will extend into after-care 
support, with extensive use of parole. 
These measures are the result of a 
changing and more enlightened social 
attitude about the causes and manage 
ment of addiction - - an attitude es 
sential to more sophisticated social 
action. 

Although this approach to treat 
ment is helpful to some addicts, it is 
by no means helpful to all. Many 
drug-dependent individuals require ex 
ternal controls in a clinic or hospital 
setting for some time before they have 
reached the degree of maturity, under 
standing, and social progress, which 
will enable them to exercise control 
over themselves while at liberty in the 
community. In New York and Califor- 

MARCH 1967 




MARCH 1967 



nia, legislation has been enacted that 
permits "committal" of suitable addicts 
to such a treatment setting; similar 
legislation is desirable in Canada. 

Conclusion 

The reader is referred to the recom 
mendations of the Special Committee 
of the Canadian Medical Association, 7 
which spells out the components of 
good medical care in the treatment of 
the addict. These include the following 
advice: "It may, in certain circumstan 
ces, be good medical practice to pre 
scribe maintenance doses of narcotics 
for long periods to an addict at liberty, 
if other components of good medical 
care are also provided. If they are not, 
the doctor may be guilty of trafficking. 
Our advice to general practitioners is 
that they should, if possible, avoid 
prescribing narcotics for long periods 
for addicts under their care." 

References 

1. Great Britain. Interdepartmental Com 
mittee on Drug Addiction. Drug ad 
diction; the second report. London, Her 
Majesty s Stat. Office, 1965. 

2. Division of Narcotic Control. Ottawa, 
Department of National Health & Wel 
fare, 1965. 

3. Special Committee on the Traffic in Nar 
cotic Drugs in Canada. Proceedings, 2nd 
session, 22nd Parliament 3-4 Elizabeth 
II, 1953-1954. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1955. 

4. Halliday, R. Treatment of the narcotic 
addict. B.C. Med. Journal, 6: 421, 1964. 

5. Halliday, R. Narcotic drug addicts as 
voluntary patients; the use of metha- 
done on short-term and long-term with 
drawal treatment programs. Report to 
Committee on Problems of Drug De 
pendence. National Academy of Sciences, 
Washington, D.C., 1966, p. 4599 (Un 
published) 

6. Dole V.P. and Nyswander, M. Medical 
treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) 
addiction; a clinical trial with methadone 
hydrochloride. /. Amer. Med. Assoc. 
193: 646, Aug. 23, 1965. 

7. Good medical practice in the care of the 
narcotic addict. A report prepared by a 
Special Committee appointed by the Exe 
cutive Committee of the Canadian Medi 
cal Association. Canad. Med. Assoc. 1. 
1040-1043, May 8, 1965. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Care of patients addicted 
to non-narcotic drugs 

Nursing a patient who is addicted to drugs is much more difficult than nursing 
one addicted to alcohol. The drug addict takes longer to withdraw, wants to hang 
onto his chemical beyond reason, is wretchedly uncomfortable, jittery, and 
anxious for days. He tries the patience and ingenuity of the staff to the utmost. 



On admission to hospital, the per 
son addicted to non-narcotic drugs may 
appear intoxicated; but there is a subtle 
difference between him and the person 
intoxicated with alcohol. The drug ad 
dict s difficulty in walking is usually 
more marked than his ability to speak 
or comprehend. An alcoholic who 
finds it hard to maintain balance, looks 
half asleep, has incoherent speech, and 
usually falls into bed and to sleep 
quite quickly. The drug addict, on the 
other hand, has difficulty maneuvering, 
but is much more aware of what is 
going on; although his speech may be 
somewhat slurred, he makes sense. 

Quite often the patient has a mixed 
addiction - - to both sedative drugs 
and alcohol which may be sus 
pected by his unusual behavior. Fre 
quently a patient who is admitted for 
treatment of an alcohol problem de 
monstrates an additional problem by 
begging for a certain kind of drug. 
Staff are always aware of the possi 
bility that a patient is in the process 
of changing his dependence from al 
cohol to sedatives. From the stand 
point of clinical management, depend 
ence on alcohol is the lesser of two 
evils. 

Alcoholics may switch drugs 

Many alcoholics begin to use bar 
biturates or tranquilizers when, for 
various reasons, they can no longer 
take alcohol without being in trouble. 
One patient who had changed his de 
pendence from alcohol to pills was 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Mary L. Epp 



brought to hospital by his wife. It was 
a frustrating conference. His wife was 
threatening to leave him, the doctor 
was stressing the dire physical and 
mental consequences of his continued 
use of pills, and his employer was sug 
gesting that he was in danger of losing 
his job. But he sat there quite happy 
through it all. He was so thoroughly 
tranquilized that he was incapable of 
worry and refused to stay for treat 
ment. He might have been more ame 
nable to reason the next morning after 
he had "slept off" some of his sedative. 
Other persons start taking drugs on 
prescription, but increase dosage until 
it is so out of control that they be 
come intoxicated, fall down frequent 
ly, and are quite unable to cope. 

Choice of drugs 

The drugs to which a person may 
become addicted include anything that 
can change the way he feels, such as 
Aspirin, A.P.C. & C s, barbiturates, 
tranquilizers, bromide, paraldehyde, 
amphetamines, chloral hydrate, codei 
ne, morphine, heroin, methadone, De- 
merol, or mixtures of these. When a 
person is becoming dependent on a 
drug he is very careful not to run out 
of his special brand - - although he 
may take only a few pills a day. Later 
in the addiction he will not be as par 
ticular about the type of drug he uses, 
as long as there is plenty. 

Mrs. Epp is Director of Nursing at The 
Bell Clinic in Willowdale. Ontario. 



Clothing and luggage searched 

A good way to admit a patient who 
is addicted to drugs is to take him 
directly to an examining room, where 
he is seen by the admitting doctor 
while his luggage is left elsewhere and 
very thoroughly and carefully search 
ed. His pyjamas and dressing gown 
are taken to him only after all pockets 
have been checked; his clothes are 
removed from the room and examined 
for drugs. Pills have been found in 
trouser cuffs and billfolds - - in fact, 
almost anywhere. A woman has many 
hiding places among her cosmetics. 

The examination of clothing and 
personal effects should be done rou 
tinely even though the patient seems 
to be sober, is charming and good 
looking, and assures you he has noth 
ing to hide. At the risk of feeling 
foolish for insisting on this routine, 
you must resist the temptation to escort 
the patient directly to his room. After 
you have been fooled a few times you 
will be quite matter-of-fact about the 
searching performance even if you 
have to do it in front of the patient. 

These patients are not trustworthy 
while they are undergoing withdrawal 
and we can help them only when they 
realize that they cannot manipulate the 
staff. Actually, most patients expect to 
be searched. 

Some patients arrive with an as 
tonishing variety of pills scattered 
among their belongings. Besides the 
tranquilizers and/or barbiturates, they 
often have laxatives, diuretics, antacids, 

MARCH 1967 






*r 




MARCH 1967 



pills for hypertension, etc. It is im 
portant to take every pill away. After 
consulting the family physician, the 
staff doctor will decide which ones, 
if any, the patient requires. 

Withdrawal routine 

During treatment, we are careful 
to avoid transferring a patient s de 
pendence to another type of pill. This 
is particularly true when treating pa 
tients with a drug that demonstrates 
cross-tolerance with the addicting drug. 
Patients are told that they will have 
to put up with some discomfort. If 
they are made as comfortable on the 
new pill as they were on the old, they 
will never recover. 

At the beginning of treatment a 
drug addict finds it difficult to coop 
erate. Do not expect him to tell the 
truth about his addiction. To plan the 
treatment of his withdrawal reaction 
it may be important to know how 
much he has been taking; however, 
you cannot rely on what he tells you. 
This may be partly because he is 
ashamed of his addiction and partly 
because he quite truthfully does not 
know. It is a well-known fact that 
many so-called suicides are the result 
of unintentional overdose. The addict 
forgets how much sedative he has 
taken or is too impatient to wait for 
the drug to take effect. 

Barbiturates 

If the patient has been taking large 
amounts of barbiturates for a long 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



time, he may have a convulsion on 
abrupt withdrawal in spite of treatment 
with anticonvulsant drugs. Under these 
circumstances the physician usually 
withdraws the barbiturates gradually 
and administers both tranquilizers and 
anticonvulsants concurrently. If the 
patient is addicted to a tranquilizer, he 
is usually switched to another tran 
quilizer at once and the dosage is 
gradually reduced to zero. 

Paraldehyde 

Paraldehyde makes an alcoholic feel 
wonderful. It is a derivative of alcohol 
and much stronger. To many alcoholics 
who have learned to put up with the 
taste and smell, this is the drug of 
choice on withdrawal. The odor, of 
course, is unmistakable and the nurse 
can only hope that when a patient is 
admitted smelling of paraldehyde, it 
has been prescribed for him, and not 
taken voluntarily for its "welcome" 
effects. In the latter case there may 
be considerable difficulty withdrawing 
the patient from his drug. 

Amphetamine 

The withdrawal reaction of the am 
phetamine addict is in sharp contrast 
to that of the addict to sedative drugs 
or alcohol. He is very sleepy and dull 
and complains of having difficulty in 
thinking. If he is presumed to be an 
amphetamine addict and does not 
behave in this way, we may suspect 
a mixed addiction, that he has some 
concealed supplies, or that he plans a 
trip to the drug store at the first op 
portunity. 

Support from staff 

A great deal of time is spent by 
the staff in reassuring and getting ac 
quainted with patients in the first 
stages of a recovery program. Persons 
addicted to drugs need to learn to de 
pend on people rather than chemicals 
and they start with a new dependence 
on the hospital staff. When this shift 
in dependence begins, the staff must 
be prepared to accept it for a pro 
longed period, sometimes years, while 
hopefully the patient learns to depend 
on other people as well. 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Patients may choose a particular 
member of the staff as their "mentor." 
Care must be taken to maintain a 
professional, although friendly, atti 
tude. A rule that patients are seen only 
at the clinic or hospital and that phone 
calls all take place while the nurse is 
on duty is a stabilizing influence. No 
staff phone numbers are released to 
patients 

Sitting down and chatting with the 
patient will help to pass the time for 
him and also give you a better idea of 
just how the withdrawal is going. Pa 
tients may put on a show to get more 
pills or more attention. We must try 
to understand that they are probably 
afraid of life without their chemical 
comfort. Sometimes a patient can be 
helped to appreciate his situation by 
comparing his continuous drug intoxi 
cation to a big downy comforter which 
he has wrapped around himself as pro 
tection from all his problems. As he 
is withdrawn he becomes naked and 
vulnerable and is hurt over and over 
again. A scolding from his wife, loud 
noises, the idea that he may have 
damaged himself permanently, all hit 
him with nothing to cushion the blow. 

With growing awareness that the 
staff is capable and really wants to 
help him, the patient becomes less 
apprehensive about being withdrawn 
from his chemical comforts. During 
the withdrawal period he desperately 
needs attention and kindness, and often 
finds it hard to believe that the nurse 
cares what happens to him. Your con 
cern and belief that he can be better 
gradually penetrates and he begins to 
have some hope that life without pills 
is possible - - if not too acceptable 
at first. 

It is amazing how soon patients 
want to get up and around. Thev will 
set cleaned up as well as they can and 
Join the other patients no matter how 
thev mav feel or how shaky and un- 
steadv thev are. Sometimes the staff 
mav fear that these patients will fall 
or disturb other patients; but it would 
seem that the comfort they get from 
being with others, even though they 
may be dozing part of the time, as 
sists the withdrawal process. 



Visits after discharge encouraged 

Persons who have been discharged 
from hospital are encouraged to visit 
the staff regularly. Most ex-patients 
particularly enjoy a chat with their 
favorite nurse, but anyone is better 
than no one. Other members of the 
staff, therefore, must be prepared to 
help if someone s patient phones or 
visits when she is off duty. He may 
be unhappy and jittery and will need 
to be encouraged to put up with the 
way he feels for the time being. We 
hope that he will learn, too, that talk 
ing with any understanding person can 
be of help. This points up the neces 
sity for regular staff conferences, as 
well as the importance of recording the 
nurses conversations about patients. 

Not all recover 

Unfortunately, some persons are so 
emotionally disturbed and so chroni 
cally uncomfortable that they are 
unable to function in society at all 
without some chemical dulling of un 
pleasant reality. For such patients, 
the smallest dosage which will enable 
them to carry on is maintained. It 
may be necessary to change the kind 
of medication occasionally as their 
tolerance for one kind builds up. 

Conclusion 

It is important for nurses to realize 
that although it may take a great deal 
of effort and a long time, it is pos 
sible to help most people to learn to 
live without sedative drugs and to be 
come more comfortable through im 
proved communication with others. D 



MARCH 1967 



Deserter of people? 

"Few nurses have patients like mine, which include grand champion show dogs, 
lovable mongrels, cats, and even a few feathered friends." 



Jean Wilkinson 



I am employed as a nurse in the 
Small Animal Surgery at the Ontario 
Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario. 
How did I get here? Almost acci 
dentally. 

In the fall of 1964, I heard by the 
grapevine that the services of a nurse 
were being considered for the operating 
room at O.V.C. Because of my interest 
in animals and the enticement of regu 
lar hours of work, I investigated. At 
the time, I had been on the staff of a 
Guelph hospital for 10 years since my 
graduation as a registered nurse in 
1949. I am married, have two teen 
age sons, and, of course, a dog and cat. 

Many patients referred 

In the Small Animal Department at 
the Veterinary College, there is a hos 
pital and outpatient clinic for the pub 
lic. All pets of local residents are 
received on appointment, examined by 
a clinician on staff, and given treatment 
or hospitalized as inpatients. 

Many difficult cases are referred to 
the clinic by out-of-town veterinarians. 
Animals are sent here from all over the 
country, from as far west as British 
Columbia, and as far east as the Mari 
time provinces. Many, too, are natives 
of the United States. 

A variety of patients 

Our patients include grand champi 
on show dogs, field trial dogs, and 
many good old lovable mongrels. Cats, 
too, are represented on our patient list. 

Occasionally our feathered friends 

MARCH 1967 




/ IM 

Mrs. Wilkinson is nurse in the Small 
Animal Surgery at the Ontario Veterinary 
College in Guelph, Ontario. 

require treatment. An old grey owl had 
a broken wing pinned successfully; a 
snow goose had a tumor removed; and 
a peacock and homing pidgeon re 
quired medical care. Birds are poor 
anesthetic risks, however, and rarely 
become surgical patients. 

Animals have many of the same 
diseases as man plus some peculiar to 
themselves. The following operations 
are done on dogs and cats: tonsillecto- 
my, splenectomy, cystotomy, lobecto- 
my, diaphragmatic hernia repair, tho- 



racotomy, kidney transplants, open- 
heart surgery, thoracic surgery, lami- 
nectomies, and all types of orthopedic 
surgery. Pins and plates are used al 
most daily in some unfortunate dog 
who has met an accident with a car. A 
fractured femur, radius, tibia, pelvis, 
etc., can be pinned or plated success 
fully and "Fido" will be up and run 
ning about on all four legs in a matter 
of a few weeks. 

Occasionally we have a cesarean 
section. It s quite exciting when several 
people are "puppy rubbing" the small 
pink-nosed puppies who squeak loudly 
at this indignity. After the mucous is 
removed from nose and mouth, the 
newborn is placed in a heated box with 
several brothers and sisters - - any 
number, from one to nine. 

Strict aseptic technique in O.R. 

The surgery here is modern, air-con 
ditioned, and well-equipped. We have 
three operating rooms plus a scrub 
room and working area. The operating 
suite could be compared to one in a 
small hospital. The most stringent asep 
tic technique in operating room pro 
cedure is carried out for all animals. 
Doctors scrub, gown, and glove. 

Before the animal is brought in, his 
operative area is shaved and the skin 
cleansed with antiseptic. Dogs and cats 
are anesthetized and wheeled in on 
stretchers. The most common anesthe 
tic for these animals is Nembutal, given 
intravenously. Sodium Pentothal and 
Surital are used intravenously for mi- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



The operating rooms for small animal 
surgery are modern, air-conditioned, 
and -well- equipped. 



Strict aseptic technique is carried out 
for all types of surgery. 





nor surgery and for anything that re 
quires a short-acting anesthetic. 

We have two large anesthetic ma 
chines for fluothane inhalation, used 
mainly on older dogs that are poor 
anesthetic risks, or for animals that 
require thoracic surgery. The animals 
are all intubated with endotracheal 
tubes for a clear airway during anes 
thesia, and then are draped with sterile 
drapes, the same as in operating room 
procedures for a human. 

A central service department cleans 
and sterilizes instruments, drapes, and 
equipment. Most of our surgery is done 
in the afternoon since this is a teaching 
university. The mornings are free for 
lectures and clinic office hours. 

Very few patients are lost during 
surgery. Intravenous stimulents, oxy 
gen, and respirators are available if 
needed. The use of intravenous saline 
dextrose and whole blood transfusions 
is common. 

Research 

The research work done in this de 
partment may be of help in human 
surgery some day. I have had a small 
part in helping with some work done 
on research of bone healing. This was 
carried out on rabbits as a postgraduate 
study. Another beneficial research pro 
gram is one that has been done on 
Legg-Perthes disease. This may prove 
beneficial to children. Hip prosthesis 
was pioneered on dogs a few years ago. 

Not a deserter of people 

I noticed that a reporter headlined 
me in a column last year as a "deserter 
of people." However, I still have a 
close relationship with people through 
their family pets. Pet owners are a very 
devoted lot. They like to see their pet, 
who is just like one of the family, get 
the very best care possible. If I am 
helping in some small way to do this, 
then I have not let "people" down. D 



46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



Standardization 



Many things we take for granted have been standardized for our convenience 
and safety. Would greater standardization in products and procedures 
help our patients? 



George T. Maloney 



Imagine if there were ten ways to 
tell time. Suppose half the people on 
highways drove on the left side as 
a matter of choice. What if there was 
a dispute as to whether to stop or go 
on a red light. 

It is obvious that many things that 
we take for granted in our lives have 
been standardized for convenience and 
safety. 

There is even considerable stan 
dardization within individual hospitals. 
However, there is little standardiza 
tion from hospital to hospital, and 
this creates problems. One special 
aspect of this is standardization of 
medical-surgical supplies and equip 
ment. As early as 1931 the United 
States government set up a committee 
to investigate this, but the battle to 
standardize has been a losing one. 
There are still as many techniques of 
doing a procedure as there are doctors 
and nurses in a hospital. 

One example from a manufacturer 
concerns needle sizes. "There are few 
doctors or nurses who would know any 
difference between a 20-gauge, IVi- 
inch needle and a 21 -gauge, l ] /4-inch 
needle if they did not read the label. 
Yet there are as many different sizes 
as there are users in some hospitals !" 

One hospital had been using 10 
different sizes of needles; a product 
manager convinced the staff to use 
just three standard sizes for a one- 
month trial. One month later they 
wondered why they had ever needed 
all the other sizes in the first place. 

Individual preference 

The individual doctor, by law, is 
MARCH 1967 




Mr. Maloney is Vice-President in charge 
of Merchandising for C.R. Bard, Inc., 
Murray Hill, New Jersey. This article is 
adapted from a speech presented to the 
Mid-West Hospital Association Annual 
Convention in Kansas City last fall. 

allowed to practice the art of healing 
according to his own discretion. More 
uniformity in teaching in medical 
schools would help to reduce the 
various whims of the individual doc 
tor. The same applies to nursing 
schools. 

Today, commercially prepared, pre 
packaged, preassembled, presterilized 
tray setups are coming on the market. 
A host of manufacturers are preparing 
them. These people recognize the im 
portance of the concept of a standard 



"for one and for all" if there is to be: 

more convenience 

better service 

smaller inventories 

assured quality 

If hospitals will not accept a stand 
ard setup they will get greater ag 
gravation. 

Nurses may already have experienc 
ed some of the problems associated 
with specially-prepared sets. "It s 
late!" "Something s missing!" "They ve 
used the wrong item!" Then it begins 
- phone calls, questions, answers, 
promises, explanations. 

How efficient would any central 
service be if it had to prepare 10 to 
20 variations of the same setup ? How 
much higher are costs when special 
parts must be purchased for the varia 
tions as opposed to the cost-saving 
of quantity purchase ? How much 
more storage space is required if sever 
al variables of an item must be stocked 
according to glove size, needle size, 
syringe size, and so on ? 

Compound these problems by 
1,452* hospitals in Canada and you 
have an idea of the number of poten 
tial problems facing manufacturers 
and dealers. 

High costs of specials 

Manufacturers, because of compe 
tition, have catered to these individual 
preferences and have made "specials." 
In other words, the salesman is told 
that if the tray is not prepared special 
ly for that hospital, it will be ob 
tained from another manufacturer. 

*Dominion Bureau of Statistics, List of 
Canadian Hospitals (83-201) 1965, p. 6. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



However, if this trend continues, 
prices will have to rise. 

An excellent analogy is what has 
happened in the automotive industry. 
From Henry Ford s "I ll paint it any 
color as long as it s black" concept, 
there is now a huge range of models. 
A spokesman for Ford stated that 
it is conceivable that they could go 
through an entire year without making 
two identical automobiles. It does not 
take much "gray matter" to under 
stand the reason for the high cost of 
an automobile. Many people believe 
that as volume goes up, price comes 
down. The converse of this is true in 
the automobile industry because most 
cars are "specials." 

Hospitals often fail to understand 
the reason for a higher price on a 
special. For example, if their special 
is created by removing a part, some 
believe that the price of the tray 
should be reduced proportionately. 
What has to be taken into considera 
tion is not only the cost of the part; 
when there is deviation from a stand 
ard product, closer supervision and 
more production training is necessary 
because more problems are created. 

With a standard product, prod 
uction follows a pattern and those 
involved develop a greater degree of 
skill. This naturally leads to greater 
ease in training employees, and 
greater proficiency of work. Also, all 
manufacturing costs, particularly low 
labor and inventory costs, mean less 
money tied up in production. The 
customer then receives a quality 
product at a lower price. 

Standardization will come 

Manufacturers, doctors, nurses, and 
hospitals are all in the business of 
providing safe, effective, quality 
patient care. Standardization will 
help, but all will have to coordinate 
efforts to achieve it. 

First, simple, honest communica 
tion is essential. At many a conven 
tion, someone has stopped by our 
booth and requested a "special." After 
he has been told about the time, 
trouble, and expense necessary, and 
that there was no guarantee that the 
product would satisfy, he invariably 
expressed thanks and understanding 
of the problem. 

Second, a natural evolution will 
occur, because neither the hospital 
nor the dealer will be able to eval 
uate all the new products introduced 
each year. Dealers will influence the 
tendency to standardization. They do 
not have the space for four variations 
of the same tray, nor the time to learn 
the selling features. The space pro 
blem need not be elaborated as every 
one is aware of the problems of keep- 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ing up with space demands caused 
by disposables. However, the cost 
and disadvantages of returning to 
reusables is obvious. As the fellow 
said: "Horse travel doesn t cost as 
much as going by jet, but who is going 
to travel by horse ?" 

To be profitable, disposable business 
must be done on a volume basis. Com 
petition will eventually force manu 
facturers to standardize or get out 
of certain areas. 

Third, the introduction of electro 
nic equipment and items such as the 
dataphone will help to bring stand 
ardization. Recently, eight hospitals 
in an area organized to share com 
puter facilities to improve patient ser 
vice and hospital administration. The 
new system will help control inven 
tories of more than 2,500 different 
stock items and will provide greater 
economies in supply purchase. These 
eight hospitals have had to come to 
agreement on basic items. 

Fourth, labor problems will also 
bring standardization more quickly. 
Hospital rates are rising rapidly as 
higher salaries are obtained by nurses 
and other hospital employees who 
have been underpaid in past years. 
Hospital administration will aim for 
increased efficiency and one way will 
be through increased standardization. 

A fifth factor affecting standard 
ization is that the practice of medi 
cine is changing. Dr. Oscar Creech, Jr., 
Professor of Surgery and Chairman of 
the Department at Tulane University 
School of Medicine, recently predicted 
that by 1990 medicine will be prac 
ticed on an assembly-line basis. He 
pointed out that neither patients nor 
physicians are ready for such changes, 
but radical changes in the practice of 
medicine are inevitable and the pro 
fession must prepare for them so as to 
dictate in some measure how they will 
occur. Standardization of equipment 
and supplies will play a part if this 
prediction becomes reality. 

In the United States, the Federal 
Government is becoming increasingly 
involved in the medical industry, and 
with Medicare it will become even 
more concerned with costs. It is to be 
hoped that the industry itself will un 
dertake cost control and not invite the 
government to take over. 

Manufacturer s goals 

Manufacturers must meet the crite 
ria of quality of the medical industry 
in all products. Each item must be of 
a quality that is adequate for its spe 
cific purpose. Therefore, the purpose 
must be spelled out before work can 
begin on a product. Again, communi 
cation between user and manufacturer 
is essential as trial and error evalua 



tion help to elucidate additional factors 
and more useful methods. 

Many techniques of communication 
may be used: 

1. Questionnaires are devised for 
each specific product. These are kept 
simple and concise, but include a com 
ment section. Some questionnaires are 
sent by an agency so that the manu 
facturer s name is not used; others are 
designed to be used by salesmen during 
a "market test" phase of a product. 

2. Consultants are sent to approxi 
mately 100 hospitals to check out var 
ious aspects of a product in the actual 
situation. Monthly reports are sent in 
on the product. 

3. Recently, an advisory panel has 
been used effectively. The panel for 
an item used in nursing would include: 
five nurses from the nursing adminis 
tration office (either the director or her 
associates); three operating room su 
pervisors; nine central supply super 
visors; one nurse from the intravenous 
team; one nurse with special interest in 
research and development; and one 
purchasing agent. 

The panel meets for a day to pre 
sent concepts and prototypes and to 
evaluate existing products. The atmos 
phere is relaxed and informal and cri 
ticism is encouraged. 

4. Organization within the industry 
can also help. A new group of market- 
in" people from 31 companies held a 
meeting at which competitors sat to 
gether and agreed that they could, and 
should, work together toward certain 
aspects of standardization. 

Identical goals 

Standardization will benefit patient 
care, but it needs cooperation and 
communication and time. 

In a recent editorial in the Journal of 
the American Hospital Association ma 
gazine, Hospitals, it was stated: "A 
need exists for more standardization, 
simplification, higher standards, bet 
ter communication, more efficient 
marketing techniques, and more co 
operative efforts by hospitals and in 
dustry to develop products for hospital 
use... Better communication between 
hospitals and supply firms is also 
needed about product research and 
development and also use of equip 
ment and supplies in patient care- 
Hospitals should not only be willing 
to assist industry by discussing in use, 
patient-care factors that may affect 
proper design, but also should realize 
that this is a continuing responsibility 
of the hospital field. Industry, on its 
part will find that involving profes 
sional and hospital personnel early in 
the development stages of hospital 
equipment will be advantageous..." 

This sums it up quite solidly. 

MARCH 1967 



Hospital and health care 
what price? 



Often we are informed that the local hospital s costs have increased 20 percent 
in the past year. This raises the question of how much each individual 
is going to have to supply to cover the increase. 



S. ). Maubach, B. Comm., C.A. 



Almost daily, news media make 
Canadians aware of skyrocketing hos 
pital costs. While all this informa 
tion is of great interest to the indi 
vidual, it unfortunately fails to reveal 
how much of the total cost is diverted 
from one s personal income. If one 
considers all the various types of taxes 
to which one s income is subjected, 
it becomes clear that it would be an 
exercise in futility to attempt to com 
pute any given individual s share of 
hospital costs. 

Hospital operating costs 

Public general hospitals, with few 
exceptions, come under provincial 
jurisdiction. It is left to provincial 
governments to negotiate with hos 
pitals, individually, to determine the 
amounts that each hospital is entitled 
to receive in order to offer hospital 
care to those requiring it. 

However, in the Canadian system 
of taxation the federal government 
collects a part of the taxes earmarked 
to pay hospital costs, which in turn 
are transferred to the provincial gov 
ernments. As the amounts received 
from the federal government cover 
approximately half (depending on the 
province involved) of shareable hos 
pital costs, it remains to the province 
to raise most of the remaining balance. 
This is accomplished through various 
tax-raising programs and, in some 
provinces, through direct contribu 
tions from individuals. 

In some provinces, authorities may 

MARCH 1967 



raise funds to reimburse hospitals for 
their costs through a combination of 
the foregoing methods. For instance, 
in Ontario a married man must pay, 
or have paid on his behalf, $6.50 
per month to the provincial plan for 
prepaid hospital care. However, the 
total collected by the province in this 
manner is insufficient to provide 
enough funds to reimburse hospitals 
for the province s share of costs and 
it therefore becomes necessary to al 
locate monies gathered from some 
other source to the hospital cost pool. 
In Quebec, individuals do not make 
direct payments to the provincial 
government in the form of premiums; 
the provincial government s share of 
hospital costs is financed through 
general tax programs. In British 
Columbia, yet another innovation is 
found. Each hospital patient must 
pay one dollar per day to the hos 
pital while he remains in the institu 
tion, in addition to the amount he 
pays to the government. 

Here then we see the individual 
may pay for hospitalization to three 
parties: the federal government, the 
provincial government, and the hos 
pital in which he becomes a patient. 
These are but a few examples to il 
lustrate how complicated it would be 
for any individual to determine how 
much one actually does pay toward 
hospital costs. 

Mr. Maubach is Lecturer, School of Hos 
pital Administration, University of Ottawa. 



Furthermore, it must be noted that 
most provinces do not reimburse each 
hospital its total costs incurred in 
the treatment of patients. For in 
stance, in all provinces except Mani 
toba, depreciation on hospital buil 
dings must be absorbed by the hos 
pital. Interest on capital debt is not 
generally covered in reimbursement 
formulas except in Alberta and Mani 
toba. 

Hospital capital costs 

Up to now mention has only been 
made of the funds required in the day- 
to-day operations of the hospital. 
Where does the money come from to 
build the hospital in the first place ? 
As with operating costs, both federal 
and provincial governments are invol 
ved in financing part of the capital 
required to construct and partially 
equip hospital facilities. 

These two levels of government 
combine to underwrite, in most cases, 
a large portion of the total cost; the 
amount varies from province to pro 
vince. However, the federal program 
is constant for each project. It is there 
fore left to most hospitals to find other 
sources of funds to finance that por 
tion of capital costs not provided for 
by federal and provincial authorities. 
These funds are derived from several 
possible bodies municipal govern 
ments, philanthropic organizations, 
religious orders operating the hos 
pitals, and, needless to say, you and I. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Federal 
Government 



Taxes 



Tax-Shared Programs 



Taxes and Premiums/ 



Provincial 
Government 



lApproved Costs 



Individual 


/ Charges 
Not Paid by Plan 


j 


A Public General 
Hospital 


Donations 





Property Taxes 



Municipal 
Government 



Possible 
Financial 
Support 



Religious 
Bodies 



CHART 1 



Philanthropic 
Bodies 




Source and allocation of 
hospital funds 

It might be well to follow the flow 
of funds to their final destination 
the hospital. Taxes collected by the 
federal government are passed on to 
the provincial governments under an 
established formula. This money goes 
into a provincial hospital pool. The 
provincial government raises money 
from taxes or premiums, or both, and 
these are also allocated to the hospital 
pool. This pool of funds is then distri 
buted to individual hospitals based 
on a negotiated budget, or other 
similar planning and control devices, 
which is meant to repay the hospital 
for approved costs incurred in treat 
ing patients in a standard ward. 
Should the patient prefer accommoda 
tion superior to that of the standard 
ward, it is necessary that the indivi 
dual pay an extra fee to the hospital. 
These extra funds obtained by the 
hospital are sometimes shared with 
the province and the portion retained 
by the hospital is meant, in part, to 
cover losses suffered by the institu 
tion. (Chart. 1.) 

Not to be forgotten are those hos 
pitals which serve the outpatients of 
50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



the community. In varying degrees, 
most of the provincial plans do not 
reimburse the hospital for the entire 
costs, sometimes substantial, incurred 
in rendering this service. 



Table 1 

Projected 1966 Expenditure on 

Personal Health 
Services and Facilities 1 



Service 

Physicians 

Dentists 

Other Health Services 

Health Insurance Admin. 

Prescribed drugs 

Hospital Services 

TOTAL SERVICES 
HEALTH FACILITIES 

TOTAL 



Cost 
Per Capita 



$ 



24.91 
8.00 
7.14 
4.68 
7.56 

73.89 



$126.18 
8.27 

$134.45 



1. Royal Commission on Health Services, 
Volume 1. Queen s Printer, 1964, p. 843. 

2. Ibid., p. 851. 



Other health facilities 

While this article has so far been 
restricted to the hospital field, some 
reference should be made to other 
health care costs in order that some 
idea may be given of the magnitude 
of the total health care picture which, 
directly or indirectly, must be paid 
for by the tax-paying public. 

The anticipated cost of health care 
in Canada in 1966 shows that $134.45 
would be spent for every man, woman 
and child. While the major portion 
goes to hospital services, $60.56 per 
man, woman and child will go to other 
services and health facilities. (Ta 
ble 1.) 

While the figures in the table give 
a rough indication of total health 
care costs, it should be pointed out 
that they are shown on a per capita 
basis. If you happen to earn higher 
than average income, your share of 
the cost is substantially higher. 

Even though it now appears impos 
sible to determine how much we, as 
individuals, pay toward hospital and 
other health care costs, we undoubted 
ly receive much better care than our 
forefathers did. However, in view of 
the rapidly changing nature of health 
services offered to us, the day will soon 
arrive when the politicians, health 
care leaders and the Canadian public 
must determine how much income is 
being spent and should be spent for 
our well-being. H 

MARCH 1967 



research abstracts 



The following are abstracts of studies 
selected from the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation Repository Collection of Nursing 
Studies. Abstract manuscripts are prepared 
by the authors. 

Buchan, Irene M. A Study of inactive 
nurses in Alberta, Canada, to determine 
selected characteristics, reasons for in 
activity, and the extent to which they 
represent a potential nursing resource. 
Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) University 
of Washington. 

The study was done to determine: 1. the 
characteristics of inactive nurses; 2. the 
reasons for their inactive status; and 3. the 
extent to which inactive nurses planned to 
return to full-time or part-time nursing 
employment. 

Data were gathered by a questionnaire. 
The respondents comprised 374 inactive 
nurses in Alberta. Data from the question 
naires were tabulated according to four 
categories: 1. nurses who had already re 
turned to active nursing; 2. inactive nurses 
who planned to return to active nursing; 
3. inactive nurses who were uncertain about 
returning to active nursing; and 4. inactive 
nurses who did not plan to return to nur 
sing. In order to present a composite 
picture of the inactive nurse, data from 
the questionnaires of the latter three 
categories were tabulated and analyzed. 
Questionnaires of 43 nurses who were al 
ready re-employed were deleted from the 
study, leaving a total of 331 inactive nurses 
as the study population. 

The findings indicated that the respon 
dents represented a considerable potential 
nursing resource. A composite picture of 
the inactive nurse was presented. The three 
main reasons for inactivity given by the 
majority of the non-practicing nurses were 
concerned with home and family respon 
sibilities, arrangements for care of children, 
and personnel policies. Recommendations 
for further study were made. 

Neylan, Margaret S. The development of 
an evaluation Q-Sort; a study of nursing 
instructors. Vancouver, 1966. Thesis 
(M.A.) University of British Columbia. 

The purpose of this study was to develop 
an Evaluation Q-Sort and to test it by 
measuring the perceptions held by nursing 
instructors on the relative importance of 
five functions and effects of evaluation. 
The functions and effects identified for 
study were: the measurement of student 
achievement; the measurement of student 

MARCH 1967 



progress; psychological effects of evalua 
tion; the influence of evaluation on teach 
ing; and the influence of evaluation on 
administration. An Evaluation Q-Sort was 
developed and used to measure the percep 
tions of evaluation held by the 1 1 1 nursing 
instructors in the 6 professional nursing 
schools in the Lower Mainland and Van 
couver Island areas of the Province of 
British Columbia. 

The population was divided into 10 clas 
sifications according to various criteria 
related to role, experience, preparation, and 
instructional setting. The central hypothesis 
assumed that the group of instructors as a 
whole would not assign greater importance 
to any one of the 5 functions and effects 
of evaluation. The 9 sub-hypotheses assum 
ed that the perceptions of evaluation held 
by nursing instructors would not be in 
fluenced by the variables selected for study. 
The .05 level of significance was used in 
the study. 

The results indicated that the nursing 
instructors did ascribe significantly dif 
ferent degrees of importance to the 5 func 
tions and effects of evaluation. Measure 
ment of student achievement was ascribed 
least importance and measurement of stu 
dent progress was ascribed most importance 
among the functions and effects studied. In 
addition, differences were found with res 
pect to the nature of the instructors res 
ponsibilities, the type of school in which 
she taught, and her stated level of satisfac 
tion with preparation as an evaluator. No 
differences were found with respect to 
length of experience in nursing service or 
education, preparation as an instructor, 
course in tests and measurements, instruc 
tional focus, and instructional setting. 



Arpin, Kathleen. A study to identify dif 
ferences, on selected factors, between 
university-qualified students who are 
enrolled in the first year of a bac 
calaureate or a diploma program in 
nursing. Boston, 1965. Field Study, 
(M.S.) Boston University. 

The study was undertaken to identify 
the differences, on selected factors, be 
tween university-qualified students who were 
enrolled in the first year of a baccalaureate 
program or a diploma program in nursing. 

The subjects selected for study were 
students enrolled in the first year of two 
baccalaureate programs in nursing and uni 
versity-qualified students in one diploma 
school of nursing. The schools taking part 
were located in large metropolitan cities 



in approximately the same geographical 
area. 

Data were collected by means of a mail 
ed questionnaire, administered by faculty 
members, which was developed to obtain 
information on the student s social class, 
social background, educational background, 
reasons for selection of school, interest 
in further education, and other related 
factors that might influence a student s 
selection of a particular type of school. 
The responses to the questions were com 
pared and the differences and similarities 
described. 

The findings indicated that there were 
differences and similarities between the 
two groups. The major areas of difference 
were in social class, reasons for selection 
of school, interest in further education, 
and in social background on the items relat 
ed to parental attitude toward university 
education. There was little or no difference 
between the two groups on the remaining 
items used to gain information on social 
background, educational background, and 
on the other related factors that might have 
influenced a student s selection of a parti 
cular type of program. 

Recommendations include: 1. that a 
more definitive study of all students in 
grade 13, who have been accepted in either 
a baccalaureate or a diploma program, be 
done to determine the differences between 
the two groups, and 2. that a study of 
parents of grade 13 students who have been 
accepted in either a baccalaureate or a 
diploma program be done to determine 
their attitude toward university education 
for their daughters as compared to the 
students. 

Lennie, Clara May. A study of student 
achievement in an Alberta hospital school 
of nursing in relation to selected char 
acteristics of the mother. Seattle, 1965. 
Thesis (M.N.) Univ. of Washington. 

The purpose of this study was to explore 
the relationship between achievement of 
the student nurse in a diploma program 
and selected characteristics of the mother. 

A questionnaire, given to 236 second 
and third-year students, provided informa 
tion about the mother s characteristics and 
other biographical data. School records 
were reviewed for student achievement. 

The data revealed little relationship 

between the achievement of the student 

nurse and characteristics of the mother as 

measured by her preparation as a nurse or 

(Continued on page 52) 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



research abstracts 



(Continued from page 51) 

in a related health field, level of education, 
present and past occupation, income, and 
by the mother-daughter relationship. There 
was some indication that the younger, 
single student who entered nursing directly 
from the parental home in which both 
parents were living together, received higher 
grades in nursing fundamentals, micro 
biology, and pharmacology II. The older 
student obtained higher grades in introduc 
tion to disease, and medical-surgical nur 
sing. When mothers were employed before 
marriage, daughters did better in social 
sciences. Students from larger families, 
daughters of mothers employed part-time, 
daughters of mothers currently employed 
in a hospital, and daughters who thought 
parents should guide them in career choice, 
received higher grades in several measures 
of achievement. 

Baribeau, Pierrette. A study of expressed 
dttinides of Lamaze fathers toward labor 
and delivery experience. Boston, 1964. 
Thesis (M.Sc.) Boston University. 

This exploratory study is concerned with 
the father s attitude toward the labor and 
delivery phase of his wife s pregnancy. 
The investigation was conducted within the 
realm of the Lamaze method of childbirth. 
It was assumed that by defining the father s 
role during this important event, the Lamaze 
method was contributing to the reduction 
of the father s anxiety by an increased feel 
ing of participation. 

The sample included six fathers whose 
wives had had a succesful labor according 
to the Lamaze method. The fathers were 
present only during the labor period. Four 
of the fathers were doctors, one was an 
architect and the sixth was an assistant 
researcher. Three were having their second 
or third experience with the Lamaze 
method of childbirth; for three, it was 
their first experience. 

The method of data collection was a 
partially structured interview with open-end 
ed questions. The interviews were conduct 
ed in offices, restaurants or in waiting- 
rooms. The responses were recorded verb 
atim with the aid of a tape recorder. 

The data were analyzed in relation to 
the father s attitude toward childbirth, 
labor, role perception, and the influence 
of his participation on these attitudes. 

In conclusion, it appears that the Lamaze 
fathers, as they gained more experience 
with the method, also gained more confi 
dence in the value of their participation. 
They expressed less anxiety verbally and 
in their reported behavior as long as they 
were allowed to be with their wives to assist 
them. They agreed that the Lamaze method 

52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



is a support to the father because of the 
knowledge given, the defined task, and 
the rationale for active participation of 
the husband in the childbirth process. Some 
fathers expressed the belief that having 
something to do was a help to them. Their 
encounter with the Lamaze method left 
them with a feeling of satisfaction and a 
positive attitude toward childbirth. 

Consequently, it is recommended that 
prenatal classes should stress the import 
ance of usefulness of the father in the 
antepartal and partal period. Such classes 
should include, beside the usual knowledge, 
a better delineation of the father s role. 
Nurses should be aware of the father s 
need for a role definition and be prepared 
to supply such information. Furthermore, 
a study should be made to ascertain the 
degree of decreased anxiety experienced 
by the Lamaze fathers as compared to 
the amount of anxiety of other prepared 
fathers. 

McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister. Coordination 
within the educational program in hos 
pital schools of nursing. London, 1965. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 

This study was designed primarily to 
determine the need for greater coordination 
within the educational program as perceiv 
ed by directors, teachers, and head nurses 
participating in selected hospital schools 
of nursing programs. The project investi 
gates four main aspects of coordination, 
namely: 1. the perceived need for coordina 
tion, the degree of this need, and the 
reasons underlying it; 2. the functions that 
may conceivably be included in coordina 
tion; 3. an assessment of how well coor 
dination is currently carried out; the re 
cognized need for modification of activities, 



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and how this modification may be effected; 
4. the persons deemed most suitable to 
effect coordination, and their desirable 
qualifications. 

Since only 5 of the 63 diploma schools 
in Ontario employ an educational coordin 
ator, it seemed pertinent to explore the 
reactions of these coordinators regarding 
their recent appointments and the extent 
of their contribution to the school program. 

Findings from the study indicate the 
expressed need for greater coordination 
within the educational program in hospital 
schools of nursing. Evidence points to the 
advisability of charging one person within 
a school faculty with the primary responsi 
bility for coordinating the educational pro 
gram. The research data from this project 
should be assessed within the framework 
of further definitive study of the whole 
organizational pattern and allocation of the 
many functions involved in implementation 
of the educational program. 

Bell, Frances E. A study of programs in 
selected schools of nursing to determine 
the liberal education content of the 
curriculum with specific reference to 
learning experiences related to nursing 
of the aged. London, 1966. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario. 

This survey study explores the liberal 
education content of the curriculum of 
four purposely selected schools of nursing, 
with specific reference to learning ex 
periences related to nursing of the aged. 
None of the schools in the sample are 
associated in the traditional manner with a 
hospital; two are located within multidisci- 
pline institutions, and two in single dis 
cipline institutions. 

Through the use of a questionnaire, data 
were collected pertinent to the following: 
the general education prerequisite for 
entrance; what comprises the general educ 
ation component; the means used to liber 
alize the professional education component; 
and how these are utilized with specific 
reference to learning experiences related 
to nursing of the aged. This study is not 
intentionally either comparative or evalu 
ative in relation to these curricula. 

Recommendations arising from the find 
ings in the study include: 1. repetition of 
the project using a larger sample with the 
possible development of tools for purposely 
comparing and evaluating the curricula 
studied; 2. research into what comprises 
the most appropriate general education 
background for entrance into basic schools 
of nursing; 3. further exploration through 
research and the continuing refinement of 
the curricula in schools of nursing to ascer 
tain how these may be optimally liberalized; 
4. strengthening of the general education 
and professional education preparation of 
teachers in schools of nursing to maximize 
their contribution to the liberalizing of the 
curriculum. 

MARCH 1967 



books 



Nursing Care of the Adolescent by S.L. 
Hammar, M.D. and Jo Ann Eddy, B.S., 
R.N. 232 pages. New York, Springer 
Publishing Company, Inc., 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. S. Lyons, nursing 
service supervisor, The Montreal Chil 
dren s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 

This text is informative, realistic frank, 
and practical. By discussing the normal 
phases of adolescence, and by explaining and 
interpreting the confusing physical and 
emotional changes that occur, the authors 
answer many questions and clear up com 
mon misconceptions. 

Dr. Hammar and Miss Eddy bring forth 
an important concept when they deal with 
the feelings of the nurse as well as those 
of the adolescent. They point out the need 
for the nurse to understand her own feelings 
before she can effectively cope with those 
of the adolescent and thus establish good 
rapport. 

The emotional responses and the be 
havioral changes of the "normal" adoles 
cent are discussed, and ways of helping 
him handle them are presented. In ad 
dition to stating a principle to be followed, 
examples of the "how" are included, which 
make the management more concrete and 
meaningful. This is followed by a discus 
sion of illness and the additional stress that 
this places on the teenager due to his hyper- 
sensitivity and uncertain self-image. 

Most nursing texts deal primarily with 
diseases and nursing care; however, this 
book emphasizes normal teenage growth, 
development, and behavior. The many 
unique problems confronting the sick ado 
lescent, either physically or emotionally, 
are discussed within this context. Each 
chapter of this paperback is followed by a 
summary and suggested reference readings. 

This book would help those dealing with 
adolescents in sickness or in health, at home, 
at school, or in hospital. It simply and 
directly discusses the many and unique 
problems confronting the adolescent, and 
explains the inconsistent behavior character 
istic of this age group, for example, resolu 
tion of the conflict between dependency and 
independency. 

The authors stated objective is met. "This 
book is not intended to be a comprehensive 
discourse on adolescence, for it neither 
covers the entire field of adolescence, nor 
details all illness found in this age group, 
but we hope that it will be a useful hand 
book." 

MARCH 1967 



Continuity of Patient Care: The Role of 
Nursing edited by K. Mary Straub, R.N., 
Ed.D. and Kitty S. Parker, R.N., M.S.N. 
232 pages. Washington, The Catholic 
University of America Press, 1966. 
Reviewed by the late Dr. {Catherine Mac- 
Laggan, director, School of Nursing, 
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, 
N.B. 

The editors have done a yeoman job in 
their attempt to present a report of the 
1965 Workshop of the School of Nursing 
of the Catholic University of America. This 
workshop was "designed to consider the 
responsibilities of nurse practitioners in as 
suring continuity of patient care." 

The report is presented in two parts: 
presentation of main topics, and summaries 
of seminar proceedings. The first part is 
composed of the papers presented by com 
petent authorities, followed in some cases 
by discussions of these papers. The second 
part summarizes the discussion and the 
deliberation of the group sessions. Every 
one familiar with the workshop technique 



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will accept that repetition is unavoidable, 
and, of course, repetition is evident in this 
report. 

Details, such as demographic data, and 
legislation affecting maternal and child 
health services and mental health services, 
are American in orientation, but the inter 
pretation of these details is applicable to 
the Canadian situation. 

All nurses, to say nothing of the power 
figures in Canada who make the big deci 
sions about health, such as doctors, ministers 
of health, government officials, and admi 
nistrators of health services, should read 
the report to broaden their horizons on 
the meaning of continuity of patient care. 
For instance, Dr. Eleanor P. Hunt, a 
consultant on biostatistics to the research 
division of the Children s Bureau in Wash 
ington, says: 

"The health professions then have 
changed from their traditional role of im 
provement of the physical ills of an indi 
vidual on a personal basis to community 
based action leading to the prevention of 
disease and the correction of all physical, 
economic, emotional, and spiritual problems 
surrounding illness." 

While this has been said before in many 
contexts and in other words, it still counts 
as big news for those who make decisions 
and ensure action. 

To nurse educators, the report has im 
plications for curriculum development. To 
nurse administrators, it indicates the ex 
tent to which the base of operation in nurs 
ing services must be widened. To nurse 
practitioners, it provides some insight into 
the magnitude of the nursing role in con 
temporary society. 



Gynecologic Nursing by John I. Brewer, 
M.D., Ph.D., Doris M. Molbo, R.N., 
Ph.B., and Albert B. Gerbie, M.D. 171 
pages. St. Louis, Mosby, 1966. 

The subtitle calls this "A textbook con 
cerning nursing through an understanding 
of the patients themselves and their gyne 
cologic problems." It is directed toward 
aiding the student to develop good judg 
ment in patient care, rather than toward 
providing her with vast stores of facts. The 
book outlines some guides in human rela 
tionships as well as the necessary facts and 
procedures of gynecologic nursing. 

Because the authors have prepared a 
book that will assist nurses to make judg 
ments, much of the content involves con- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 



cepts that could be applied to all patients 
in hospital. Chapters on "The Essence of 
Nursing," "The Preoperative Patient," and 
"The Postoperative Patient," contain much 
material that is applicable to all surgical 
nursing, yet the approach is such that it 
is in no way repetitive. 

When the size of the book is considered, 
for it is a slim volume, one is impressed 
by the thoroughness and completeness of 
the material and the clear, concise method 
of presentation. It is an easy book to read. 
At the end of each chapter, lists of re 
commended reading for students, patients 
and instructors are given. 

The second chapter of the book, "The 
Patient s Symptoms," presents the three 
main gynecological symptoms: bleeding, 
pruritis, and pain. This discussion of symp 
toms, and their meaning to both patients 
and nurses, provides one of the best intro 
ductions to patient understanding to be 
found in a nursing text. A thorough expla 
nation of the psychological basis of symp 
toms is supplied. The section on pain is 
excellent and should be read by every 
nurse. 

Gynecologic Nursing deserves consider 
ation as a text in schools of nursing, and 
as well should be available on every ward 
that has gynecologic patients. It might 
also be required reading prior to inservice 
discussions for graduate nurses 

Maternity Care in the World, Interna 
tional Survey of Midwifery Practice 
and Training. Report of a Joint Study 
Group of the International Federation of 
Gynaecology and Obstetrics and the In 
ternational Confederation of Midwives. 
527 pages. 1966. Toronto, Pergamon 
Press. 

Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, nurs 
ing consultant, Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion, Ottawa, Ontario. 

Another first has been added to the in 
creasing body of information on world 
health services. Through the joint effort of 
the International Federation of Gynaecology 
and Obstetrics and the International Council 
of Midwives, a world survey of maternity 
health services was begun in 1961. Maternity 
Care in the World is a compilation of the 
data obtained through this survey. 

The purpose of the study was to inves 
tigate the training and practice of midwives 
throughout the world. However the study 
group recognized the need to obtain other 
kinds of information related to the practice 
of midwifery. Vital statistics on maternal 
health services as well as information on 
the training and practice of midwives was 
obtained. 

One hundred and seventy-four countries 

54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



CNA s Repository Collection of Nursing Studies 

Next month, Canadian Library Week will be observed. Last year THE CANADIAN 
NURSE recognized a sister association s special week by a feature article on the CNA 
Library. This year it seemed appropriate to describe a rather unique aspect of the library 
service, the CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies. 

Four years ago the decision was made that the Canadian Nurses Association 
would establish and maintain a collection of nursing studies. When the CNA library 
was established on a formal basis in 1964, this collection became the responsibility of 
the library. 

The collection now contains some 90 studies, and includes master s and doctoral 
theses and studies by government organizations and institutions. Their scope varies 
from major surveys of large areas or topics to investigations of relatively small scope. 
The only governing criterion is that the study is on a subject of concern to nursing in 
Canada, or, in the case of a thesis, was conducted by a Canadian nurse. 

The earliest study in the collection at present is the famous Weir Report, Survey 
of Nursing Education in Canada, printed in 1932 by the University of Toronto Press. 
This report is now out of print but is still very much in demand for schools of nursing 
libraries. This demand may now be met, in part at least, by loans from the CNA 
library. 

Recent additions to the collection include Portrait of Nursing; a Plan for the 
Education of Nurses in New Brunswick by CNA President, Dr. K.E. MacLaggan; The 
Study of Nursing Education in Canada by Dr. H.K. Mussallem for the Royal Commis 
sion on Health Services; The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Education 
in Saskatchewan (Tucker Report); master s theses from some of the 1966 graduating 
class at the University of Western Ontario; and A Study of Inactive Nurses in Alberta 
by Irene M. Buchan, a Canadian Nurses Foundation scholar, submitted toward a 
master s degree at the University of Washington. 

Canadian Nurses Foundation scholars are required, and other master s and doctoral 
students are encouraged, to deposit their theses in the collection. Since only minimal 
funds are available to assist the students to defray typing costs of a copy of their study 
for the collection, many students prefer to lend us a copy with written permission to 
Xerox it. 

Studies deposited in the collection are shown as received in the special listings 
in the CNA Bulletin and in the accession list of the CNA library in THE CANADIAN 
NURSE. 

In 1964, the Canadian Nurses Association issued an Index of Canadian Nursing 
Studies (now out of print). This issue of the Index included many studies for which 
copies were not available in the collection. In the revised Index the majority of the 
studies are available for consultation from the CNA collection of Nursing Studies. 

Now, still another key to the collection will be available in the form of selected 
abstracts that are to be published periodically in THE CANADIAN NURSE. 

Use of the collection as a resource tool for nursing research and studies increases 
daily, both at national office and across Canada by inter-library loan. Some studies 
are booked months ahead. The CNA Repository Collection of Nursing Studies, while 
still young and developing, is already proving of value to the profession and to the 
contributors. 



were included in the study. Data are re 
ported by country and by region. A com 
mentary is included for each country. Com 
parative tables illustrating data on maternity 
care and midwifery training and practice 
by country and by region are included. Vital 
statistical data are reported for the years 
1951 and 1961. In addition there is a 
summary of the world situation. Included 
are vital statistics, by region, and a sum 
mary commentary on methods of training 
and roles and functions of midwives. Prob 
lems of definition and registration which in 
hibit the conduct of global studies are 
noted. 

The study group recognized that recom 
mendations could not be made toward spe 
cific action in individual countries. Instead, 
recommendations relate to the conduct of 
similar national studies as a prelude to the 
establishment of national policies. Similar 



international studies are recommended for 
the future. 

It is also recommended that all countries 
aim at establishing uniform definitions, thus 
allowing for more conclusive comparative 
data. Other recommendations refer to re 
gistration of midwives, aid to developing 
countries, improvement of standards of 
training and practice, and increased country 
membership in the ICM and the F.I.G.O. 

Maternity Care in the World is described, 
in the preface, as "the end of the beginning." 
As such it is a valuable reference book for 
all health personnel involved with maternity 
services. It provides an opportunity to com 
pare progress with that of other countries 
and to learn of other methods of training 
and utilization of midwives. The recom 
mendations call for continued study and im 
provement and provide a directive for future 
action, internationally and nationally. 

MARCH 1967 




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books 



Migraine by Harold Maxwell, M.D. 64 
pages. Toronto, The Macmillan Company 
of Canada Limited, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss W. Bell, director of 
nursing service, The General and Marine 
Hospital, Owen Sound, Ont. 

While Migraine has been written essen 
tially for the medical profession by one 
of its own members, this in no way detracts 
from its interest for those outside the 
profession, and particularly those afflicted 
by headache. Since we are told in the fore- 
ward that approximately one in ten of our 
adult population is affected, in some degree, 
by migraine, it should follow that this 
publication will be widely and thoughtfully 
read. 

Many theories are expressed as to the 
cause of migraine and it has been variously 
described throughout the centuries. Insuf 
ficient evidence gave no real support to 
the thinking of those who sought to clas 
sify it as an allergy. However, some evidence 
did indicate that migraine sufferers are 
more likely to be people who present 
neurotic symptoms, the most notable one 
being anxiety. It is thought that they pos 
sess unresolved, unconscious conflicts mak 
ing stressful life situations too difficult to 
handle. Somatic, hysterical and phobic feat 
ures may also be observed. However, it 
must be realized that there is no conclusive 
proof that migraine is the only affliction 
to which the foregoing symptoms are 
linked. 

The doctor-patient relationship is stres 
sed in a very positive way, and the rap 
port and relationship between the patient 
and general practitioner is highly signifi 
cant, being a means of lessening tension 
for the patient to a marked degree. Time, 
of course, is an essential element. 

The concluding chapter is a real high 
light for patients with this illness. It deals 
with many of their accompanying problems 
in a most practical and helpful way and 
ends with the locations of the migraine 
clinics situated throughout England. 



Medicine for Nurses, 10 ed., by W. Gordon 
Sears, M.D. (Lond.), M.R.C.P. (Lond.). 
549 pages. Toronto, The Macmillan 
Company of Canada Limited, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Thelma Pelley, director 
of nursing, Stratford General Hospital, 
Stratford, Ontario. 

This text presents a concise compilation 
of elementary data pertaining to the symp 
tomatology, diagnosis, and medical treat 
ment of diseases that are classified in ac- 



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Cancer 
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National Health and Welfare, 
pp. 30, 32, 33, 43 

Miller Photo Services, Toronto, 
pp. 37, 38, 41 

University of Guelph, p. 46 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



books 



cordance with their relationship to parti 
cular body systems and/or functions. 

In the preface to this tenth edition of 
a text first published more than 30 years 
ago, the author states that he has "not 
materially altered the general plan or 
academic level of the contents." It is there 
fore understandable that the text will 
have limited relevance to any progressive 
program in nursing. The title of the text, 
and the author s introductory comment 
that the text is designed to assist nursing 
students to acquire the minimum know 
ledge of medical science required for the 
writing of the General Nursing Council 
examinations, suggests a simplified, in 
complete presentation of medical data. 

In a disease-oriented approach, the text 
does not place emphasis upon any explan 
ation of primary principles of medicine and 
their application to nursing practice. The 
limited scope of the presentation is illustrat 
ed by the limited introductory definitions 
of "medicine" and "health," which des 
cribe medicine as "the art and science 
of healing disease," and health as "the 
perfect structure of all organs and tissues 
of the body with a perfect performance of 
all their functions." These definitions do 



not express the broader concepts of pre 
ventive medicine and of the World Health 
Organization definition of health which 
implies not perfection but a relative state 
of well-being and effective personal and 
social functioning. 

The format of the text is a collection of 
brief, simplified definitions organized prim 
arily on a basis of the systems affected. 
It would seem that the format, approach, 
and content of the text tend to encourage 
memorization of given factual data rather 
than to stimulate a questioning attitude or 
an intelligent analysis and application of 
scientific principles to nursing practice. 

A further illustration of the limitations 
of the presentation is the fact that in the 
discussion of metabolism, the emphasis is 
upon disorders, with practically no refer 
ence to the normal processes of metabolic 
function. There are brief comments upon 
fluid needs but no reference to the phy 
siology and importance of electrolyte ba 
lance. 

It is submitted therefore that this text 
has little to offer the instructor, student 
or practitioner of nursing who has access 
to a wide selection from many compre 
hensive texts on pathology, physiology, and 
pharmacology. There is also a wide selec 
tion of medical nursing texts that assist the 
nurse to understand and apply the basic 
principles of medical, physical, and social 



sciences, which are indivisibly interrelated 
to the art and science of nursing. 

All nurses today are committed to an 
obligation to be learners, teachers, and prac 
titioners of the art of nursing. Therefore, 
the nurse of today needs the assistance of 
texts that provide intellectual stimuli and 
give an adequate illustration and explana 
tion of the correlation and the application 
of scientific facts and principles, which are 
the underlying rationale of the essential 
skills exercised in the practice of nursing. 



Introduction to Growth, Development 
and Family Life by Dorothy Ellen Bab- 
cock, R.N., B.S.N.E., M.S.N. 2d ed. 145 
pages. Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1966. 
Reviewed by Denise Martin, clinical in 
structor, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Hum- 
boldt, Saskatchewan. 

This paperback text is divided into three 
parts: part one, Self Understanding; part 
two, Normal Child Development; and part 
three, Maturity. 

As stated in the preface, the book is 
intended for those engaged in Practical I 
Vocational Nursing. It is written in a very 
basic and informal style with considera 
tion given to basic principles and the ap 
plication of these principles to the care 
of patients. Each part is preceded by an 
overview and ended with a summary, dis- 



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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




MARCH 1967 



books 



cussion questions, and references. Through 
out the chapters there are many diagrams 
and illustrations. 

Part one, Self Understanding, summarizes 
the concepts of personality development 
and those factors that influence its develop 
ment. The "iceberg" phenomenon is dia 
gramed and explained. 

Major developmental milestones and the 
basic physical and emotional needs of the 
individual at various age levels comprise 
part two. Each chapter has a catchy head 
ing, eg., "Jet Age Between One and Five 
Years." The same pattern is carried through 
to part three, Maturity. 

The book fulfills the author s intention 
of preparing a book, on an introductory 
level, for the practical nurse and of doing 
this in an interesting style. 

Educational Psychology by S.R. Laycock 
and B.C. Munro. 470 pages. Toronto, 
The Copp Clark Publishing Company, 
1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Frederica Heasman, 
R.R. #1, Camlachie, Ontario. 

Writers of applied introductory texts 
face a number of hazards for they must 
try to introduce a subject to students who 
do not have the requisite background knowl 
edge. Hopefully, the day will come when 
student teachers have a background of phi 
losophy, sociology, psychology, growth and 
development, etc., before they try to for 
mulate ideas about teaching. 

Some authors writing for students with 
limited backgrounds resort to admonish 
ing, eg., "you must accept..." or to offer 
ing simple solutions to complex questions, 
eg., "the best way is to . . ." Others offer 
much detail, obscuring the viewpoint they 
seek to express. 

A need exists for these texts and will 
continue as long as school teachers are 
being prepared in short programs in 
teachers colleges, and nursing specialists in 
education, supervision, and public health 
are offered postgraduate courses of one 
academic year. 

This text deserves wide recognition. It 
has avoided the pitfalls and contributes 
positively to an understanding of learning. 
Some of its strengths are: 1. The role of 
the teacher as outlined is warm, humane, 
and creative. Differences in students, 
teachers, and approaches to learning are 
supported, and statements made are based 
on well-chosen references. 2. A skillful selec 
tion of the material presented has resulted 
in a well-organized text written in pleasant 
English. 3. A variety of approaches to 
problems of teaching are outlined as exam 
ples of creative thinking rather than as 

MARCH 1967 



solutions. A basis for evaluation is sug 
gested and is integrated throughout the text 
in such a way that evaluation is presented 
as one process of learning. 4. It would 
be difficult for a person using this text to 
avoid going on to further reading in the 
areas considered as the approach is broad 
and the references are well used. 

This text would be of value for beginning 
teachers in nursing schools and for public 
and occupational health nurses. It could 
also help the experienced teacher who is 
feeling "dried up" or discouraged. 

It is a pleasant experience to read this 
book. The authors sincerity, enthusiasm, 
and respect for learners remains undiminish- 
ed after a lifetime of teaching. 

The Nursing Clinics of North America, 

vol. 1, no. 3, September 1966. June S. 
Rothberg, guest editor. Chronic Disease 
and Rehabilitation. 533 pages. A W.B. 
Saunders publication, available in Canada 
from McAinsh & Co. Ltd., of Toronto 
and Vancouver. 

Reviewed by Mrs. J. Peitchinis, associate 
professor, School of Nursing, University 
of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 

Twenty nursing specialists contribute 17 
papers to this "Symposium on Chronic 
Disease and Rehabilitation," which prob 
ably does provide, as the guest editor hoped 
it would, valuable new insight and specific 
suggestions for nurses practicing in all set 
tings. 

The reviewer concurs with those authors 
who perceive many of the assumptions 
and practices discussed in the symposium 
to be applicable and imperative in all nur 
sing: there are rehabilitative aspects in the 
care of most patients, and one looks 
forward to the time when all nursing 
practice is directed toward them, so that 
the adjective rehabilitative becomes un 
necessary. The reviewer prefers the term 
long-term illness or disability employed by 
many of the contributors to those of chronic 
disease or disability used in the subtitle, 
and by some of the authors. 

The symposium sets out many of the 
basic assumptions underlying "rehabilitative 
nursing." It discusses the assessment of 
"patient need," approaches to working ef 
fectively with patients, and means for co 
ordinating all the services of the health 
team. In some papers the nurse is seen as 
the team leader. The role of the clinical 
nursing specialist in a rehabilitation center 
is described, and possibilities for nursing in 
industrial health settings are suggested. Not 
only is consideration given to the care of 
patients with particular long-term illnesses, 
but also to the process of aging, and to re 
habilitation of psychiatric and pediatric 
patients. There are numerous illustrations 
and patient studies to facilitate the reader s 
understanding; proposals for teaching re 
habilitative care to nonprofessional person 
nel are also presented. 



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of the chair and hooked together. When this 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



films 



Fire Safety 

They Called It Fireproof was produced 
in 1963 by the National Film Board. In the 
film, a coroner s inquest investigates the 
causes of a fire that took the lives of 
two patients in a supposedly "fireproof 
hospital. It shows how every individual in 
the hospital has a responsibility for safety- 
consciousness and constant vigilance. 

The film is an excellent one for all levels 



of hospital personnel, and should be shown 
in all schools of nursing and be used ex 
tensively in inservice education programs. 

The 28-minute, color, sound picture re 
ceived an award from the (USA) National 
Committee on Films for Safety. It is avail 
able on loan for a nominal service charge 
from the regional office of the National 
Film Board, or from the Canadian Film 
Institute, 1762 Carling Ave.. Ottawa 13. 

Community Health 

A useful film for student nurses learning 
about community and public health pro 
grams might be A Day in the Life of a 



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general feeling of well-being. It lets you walk on the entire 
bottom of your foot instead of just the heel and ball. This 
allows you to walk and stand longer without strain. 
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Division, Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd., Perth, 
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Public Health Nurse. This film was prepar 
ed for television audiences and centers 
around the South Okanagan Health Unit in 
Kelowna, B.C. It shows some of fhe special 
services offered in the health department. 
It also illustrates some of the facilities 
for consultation and service from the staff 
of the provincial mental health services. 

The film can be obtained from the Cana 
dian Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., 
Ottawa 13, or from your provincial film 
library. The black and white film was 
produced in 1963 and runs for 12 minutes. 



Prices quoted are Suggested Retail Prices. 

Air Step Division, Brown Shoe Company of Canada Ltd., Perth, Ontario 
58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
60) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Australasian hospital directory and 
nurses year book 1966. Compiled and an 
notated by A.L. Hart. Sydney, N.S.W., 
New South Wales Nurses Assoc., 1966. 
185p. R 

2. Canadian annual review, 1965. Edit 
ed by John Saywell. Toronto, University 
of Toronto Press, 1966. 569p. R 

3. Child psychiatry. Ottawa, Canadian 
Psychiatric Association Journal, vol. 10, 
no. 5, October 1965. p. 423-443. 

4. Comparisons of intensive nursing 
service in a circular and a rectangular unit; 
Rochester Methodist Hospital, Rochester 
Minn., by Madelyne Sturdavant. Chicago, 
American Hospital Association, 1960. 
219p. 

5. Examinations and their place in med 
ical education and educational research. 
Edited by John P. Hubbard. Evanston 111., 
Association of American Medical Colleges, 
c!966. 69p. (Journal of Medical Education, 
vol. 41, no. 7, pt. 2, July 1966.) 

6. Factors influencing continuity of 
nursing service by Louise C. Smith. Study 
sponsored by National League for Nursing; 
directed by Institute of Research and Ser 
vice in Nursing Education, Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University. New York, 
NLN, 1962. 139p. 

7. Handbook for the night super 
visor in the small hospital by Sister M. 
Virginia Clare. St. Louis, Catholic Hospital 
Association, 1963. lOOp. 

8. Higher education in a changing 
Canada; symposium presented by Royal 

MARCH 1967 



accession list 



Society of Canada in 1965. Edited by J.E. 
Hodgetts. Toronto, Published for the 
Society by University of Toronto Press, 

1966. 90p. 

9. Horizons unlimited; a handbook des 
cribing rewarding career opportunities in 
medicine and allied fields. Chicago, Amer 
ican Medical Association, c!966. 130p. 

10. How to find out; a guide to sources 
of information for all arranged by the 
Dewey Decimal Classification. Edited by 
G. Chandler. 2d ed. London, Pergamon, 
c!963. 198p. 

1 1 . Manual of hospital planning pro 
cedures. Chicago, American Hospital As 
sociation, 1966, c!958. 72p. 

12. The nursing clinics of North Amer 
ica, v. 1, no. 4. December, 1966. Philadel 
phia, Saunders. 209p. Contents: Sympo 
sium on the nurse and the new machinery. 
Ruby M. Harris, guest editor. Symposium 
on mental retardation, Kathryn Barnard, 
guest editor. 

13. Occasional paper 1:0. 64, Ottawa, 
Canadian Library Association, 1966. 2 pts. 
pt. 1. Canadian books, pamphlets and do 
cuments on gerontology in the Library of 
Parliament, pt. 2. Articles on aging indexed 
in Canadian periodical index 1947-1965, 
excerpted by Joan O Rourke. 

14. The operation of state hospital 
planning and licensing programs by G. Hil 
ary Fry. Chicago, American Hospital As 
sociation, c!965. 134p. 

15. Personal and vocational relation 
ships of the practical nurse by Marion 
Keith Stevens. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 
258p. 

16. Pharmacology for practical nurses 
2d. ed. by Mary Kaye Asperheim. Philadel 
phia, Saunders, 1967. 163p. 

17. The Planning of change; readings 
in the applied behavioral sciences edited 
by Warren G. Bennis and Kenneth D. 
Benne and Robert Chin. New York, Holt, 
Rinehart and Winston, 1964, c!961. 289p. 

18. Psychology of human behavior for 
nurses, 3d ed. Lorraine Bradt Dennis. Phi 
ladelphia, Saunders, 1967. 289p. 

19. Psychology of human behavior for 
nurses, 3d ed. Instructors guide, by Lor 
raine Bradt Dennis. Philadelphia, Saunders, 

1967. llOp. 

20. The sister as a clinical specialist by 
Sister Leon Douville and Sister Marilyn 
Emminger. St. Louis, Conference of Catho 
lic Schools of Nursing, 1966. 126p. 

21. Skills that build executive success. 
Boston, Graduate School of Business Ad 
ministration Harvard University, 1964. 
121p. (Selections from Harvard Business 
Review.) 

22. A sociological framework for patient 
care. Edited by Jeannette R. Folta and Edith 

MARCH 1967 



S. Deck New York, Wiley, c!966. 418p. 

23. A study of arbitration decisions by 
Carl Hamilton. Toronto, United Steel- 
workers of America, 1966. 84p. 

24. Your health and you by H.P. 
Simonson and E.A. Hastie and H.A. 
Dorothy. Toronto, Macmillan, c!966. 
153p. 

PAMPHLETS 

25. A brief to Committee on the Heal 
ing Arts. Toronto, Registered Nurses As 
sociation of Ontario. 1966. 27p. 

26. Enrolment in Canadian universities 



and colleges to 1976/77; 1966 projection, 
by Edward F. Sheffield. Ottawa, Associa 
tion of Universities and Colleges, 1966. 
20p. 

27. An index of care by J.A.K. Mac- 
Donell and G.B. Murray. Ottawa, Medical 
Services J. 31:499-517, Sep. 1965. Reprint. 

28. Job descriptions. St. John s, Asso 
ciation of Registered Nurses of Newfound 
land, 1966. 16p. 

29. Joint statement on non-nursing acti 
vities carried out by nursing personnel in 
some hospitals. Vancouver, British Colum 
bia Hospitals Association and Registered 



DANDRUFF 
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We re not trying to fool you. 

We re making a point! 

That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one Selsun 
by Abbott. 

Selsun clears up annoying, unsight 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments, 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported 1 ). 

You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 



Really, there s no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 

Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 



1 Slinger, W. N.. and Hubbard, D. M., Treat 
ment of Seborrheic Dermatitis with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium Disu/fide, Arch. Dermal. 
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Trademark registered 

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THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



accession list 



Nurses Association of British Columbia 
Joint Committee, 1966. 6p. 

30. A list of schools of nursing in 
Ontario and minimum education require 
ments for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos 
pital Association, 1966. 30p. 

3 1 . Problem areas in the scientific, 
engineering and nursing professions by 
Garnet T. Page. Montreal 1963. 9p. 

32. Survey of salaries and employment 
conditions in nonfederal psychiatric hos 
pitals. June 1, 1965. New York, American 
Nurses Association. Research and Statistics 
Unit, 1966. 31 p. 

33. Tentative draft for 1966-67 of the 
policies and procedures of accreditation of 
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs of the National league 
for Nursine. rev. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate 
and Higher Degree Programs, 1966. 20p. 

34. Theorie et pratique du case work 
par Gordon Hamilton. Paris, Comite fran- 
?ais de service social et d action sociale, 
1965. 294p. 

35. To make a good assignment by 
Laura Jean Ott. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Hospital 
Nursing, 1963. 21 p. 



GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 

36. Bureau federal de la statistique. 
Annuaire du Canada; ressources, histoire, 
institutions et situation economique et so 
ciale du Canada. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine, 1966. 1302p. 

37. Dept. of Labour. Legislation 
Branch. Developments in the enactment 
and administration of labour laws in Cana 
da; August, 1965-September, 1966. Ottawa, 
1966. 67p. 

38. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Emer 
gency hospital operating manual 1966. Ot 
tawa, Queen s Printer, 1966. 102p. 

39. Ministere de la Sante Nationale et 
du Bien-etre Social. Services de Sante 
d Urgence. La section du nursing. Biblio 
graphic se rapportant au nursing d urgence. 
Ottawa, 1965. 30p. 

40. Ministere de la Sante Nationale et 
du Bien-etre Social. Services de Sante d Ur 
gence. Soins medicaux en cas de desastre; 
collection d articles, Ottawa, 1965. 135p. 

Nova Scotia 

41. Dept. of Labour. Economics and 
Research Division. Wage rates and hours 
of labour in Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1966. 
226p. 

United States 

42. Dept. of Health, Education and 



Welfare. Public Health Service. Admini 
strative aspects of hospital central medical 
and surgical supply services. Washington, 
1966. 37p. 

43. . A manual for hospital cen 
tral medical and surgical supply services. 
Washington, 1966. 106p. 

44. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree 
ments; arbitration procedures. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 167p. 

45. . Major collective bargaining 

agreements; management rights and union- 
management co-operation. Washington, 
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 

46. National Center for Health Statistics. 
Report of the United States delegation to 
the International Conference for the Eighth 
Revision of the International Classification 
of Diseases. Geneva, July 6-12, 1965. 
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1966. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 

47. Senior nursing students career plans 
and their knowledge of and preparation for 
selected positions in nursing by Sister Loret- 
ta Morin. Washington, 1966. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Catholic University of Amer 
ica. 62p. R 

48. Survey of schools of nursing in the 
province of Nova Scotia compiled by Sister 
Clare Marie. Halifax, Registered Nurses 
Association of Nova Scotia, 1966. 20p. R 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 



Send to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 

Short title (for identification) 



issue of The 



Item 
No. 



Author 



Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 



Borrower 

Position 

Address 

Date requested 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



NIGHT SUPERVISOR, R.N. AND MEDICAL HEAD 
NURSE for 90-bed active treatment hospital in the 
City of Wetaskiwin, situated midway between Ed 
monton and Red Deer. Residence accommodation 
available, excellent salary ranges and fringe benefits 
in effect, as well as payment for prior experience. 
Apply to: Director of Nursing, Municipal Hospital, 
Wetaskiwin, Alberta. 1-96-1 

Registered Nurses (5) required (summer relief or per 
manent posts} for May 1967. The Peace River Municipal 
Hospital, Alberta, was built 5 years ago and has a 
complement of 70 beds. Starting salary for 1966 
$370. New salary scales expected for 1967. Peace 
River is a progressive town and a beauty spot on the 
Prairies. Apply to: The Director of Nursing for fuller 
particulars. Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace 
River, Alberta. 1-69-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 

for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after 1 year employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88- 1 

NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bossano, Alberta. 1-5-1 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos 
pital on Highway No. 12, East-Central Alberta. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-JB 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-61-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta s unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 3! days vacation, 
pension. Blue Cross, M.S.I, and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta, 1-31-2 A 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Operating Room Hood Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390J for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, c-rling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph s Hos 
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-50 

PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col 
umbia. For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 

REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL 

NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital on 
Vancouver Island, B. C. Resort area home of the 
tyee salmon four hours travelling time to City of 
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in 
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and 
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British 
Columbia. 2-9-1 A 

Graduate Nurses of Christian conviction: (Urgently 
wanted). Willing to serve for one year or more in 
Mission Hospitals in the outlaying areas of Canada. 
Immediate need at Queen Charlotte Islands, Bella 
Bella, Hazel ton and Burns Lake in British Columbia 
and at Baie Verte, in Newfoundland. Salary and 
working conditions as agreed between Reg. Nurses 
Association and Hospital Association of Province con 
cerned. Please contact: Board of Home Missions of 
The United Church of Canada, 85 St. Clair Ave., E., 
Toronto 7, Ontario, or Dr. W.D. Watt, 6762 Cypress 
Street, Vancouver 14, B.C. 2-73-25 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kpotenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 

General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Nicola Valley General Hos 
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41-1 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 80-bed Gener 
al Hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent Lake 
Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Initial salary $387. 
Maintenance $60, 40-hour 5 day week, vacation with 
pay, comfortable, attractive nurses residence, 
Boating, fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, 
skiing. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Bylkley Valley 
District Hospital, P.O. Box No. 370, Smithers, British 
Columbia. 2-67-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary non B.C. 
registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 

General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
r-^i i o.i A 



. ursing, 
Columbia. 



2-2-1 A 



MARCH 1967 



Genera Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 

Obsfetrtcaf Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex- 
perienca and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day $ annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 

Graduate Nurse required for 26-bed hospital in sunny 
B.C. interior, salary $410 per month with 28 days 
annual vacation plus 10 paid stats. Full room and 
board in TV equipped residence $50 per month with 
free uniform laundry. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Princeton General Hospital, Princeton, B.C. 2-59-1 

GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
of B.C. II Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour s drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos 
pital and modern nurses residence over looking the 
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr, week and 4 weeks vacation. Write to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 

Graduate Nurses for General Duty in modern 188- 
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli 
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per month. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital, 
Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



MANITOBA 




Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 

3-75-1 

Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $380 $440, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

232-bed Children s Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children s Hos 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 

Registered Nurse for General Duty in 20-bed hospital. 
Salary range $405 - $490 per month. Living accom 
modations available. Generous personnel policies. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Reston Community Hos 
pital. Reston, Man. 3-46-2 



General Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage La 
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1 



NOVA SCOTIA 

Director for School of Nursing: 50 students. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Bay General Hospital, Glace 
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15-1 

Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 

Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 

62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Coordinator of Clinical Nursing Studies in the 
Bachelor of Science in Nursing Course: The School 

of Nursing, McMaster University, invites applications 
from persons with advanced qualifications in clinical 
nursing. The position is open for the 1967-1968 
session, with duties commencing July 1967. Please 
apply sending curriculum vifae and two references 
to : Director, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 
Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-15 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

Algonquin Park camp for girls: Requires Registered 
Nurses. July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply: 
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7, 
Ontario. HU. 1-3704. 7-133-72 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. s salary: $420 to 
$465/171,, 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid 
at 100 %. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N. A, is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Duffer in Area Hos 
pital, Orangeviile, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 

Applications are invited from R. N s and R. N. Ass ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" in a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January t, 1967, Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Applications are invited for Gener 
al Duty Staff Nurses; Gross salary range: $362 to 
$422. Supervisory advancement opportunities. Resident 
accommodations available; Hospital situated in tourist 
town off Lake Huron. For further information write: 
Superintendent, Saugeen Memorial Hospital, South 
ampton, Ontario. 7-122-1 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 

Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant*, 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary. Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week, 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accommoda 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Min to 
Hospital, Cochrcne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 



Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room in modern hospital (opened in 1956). Situated 
in the Nickel Capital of the world, pop. 80,000 
people. Salary $372 per mo., with annual merit 
increments, plus annual bonus plan, 40-hr, wk. Recog 
nition for experience. Good personnel policies. Assist 
ance with transportation can be arranged. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Memorial Hospital, Sudbury, 
Ontario. 7-127-4 



General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefitsrnurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On 
tario. 7-59-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 




for turther Information TO: MISS Karncia /vicoee, p. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

MARCH 1967 



ONTARIO 



SASKATCHEWAN 



General Doty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 



General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 



GRADUATE NURSES (2) Girl s private camp; 175 
campers, 6-16, Located at Sundridge, Ontario, 175 
miles north of Toronto. Camp dates June 30 to 
August 24. Salary not less than $400 for camp 
season. Some help with transportation if coming from 
a distance. Write: Mrs. John W. Gilchrist, 6-A Wynch- 
wood Park, Toronto 4, Ontario. 7-133-75 



Graduate Nurses for staff positions including O. R. 

requ r red for 8 1 -bed hosp ita I. Residence accommoda 
tion available. Pleasant Lakeside town within 45 miles 
of Stratford and 60 miles of London. Apply: Director 
of Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Godench, Ontario. 7-51-1 



Public Health Nurses (Bilingual) for rural health unit. 
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al 
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan, 
hospitahsation insurance, P.S.I. Apply to: Dr. R. G. 
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit, 
P.O. Box 273, L Orignal, Ontario. 7-73-14 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit, Salary schedule as of 
January 1, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hosp ita I - 
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : 
Miss Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101 -4A 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Qualified) for generalized 
programme. Salary Range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Personnel 
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice 
Whalley, Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo 
County Health Unit 109 Argyle St., S., Preston, Ontario. 

10-109-2 



Public Health Nurses for general programme. Salary 
range $5,100 to $6,300. Personnel policies include car 
expense, Omers and Canada pension plans, group 
life insurance, 50% of P.S.I, and hospital insurance, 
cumulative sick leave plan and liberal vacation. 
Apply to: Dr. G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lambton 
Health Unit, 333 George Street, Sarnia, Ontario. 

7-114-3 



QUEBEC 



NURSE for Children s Summer Camp, located near 
Ste. Ago the, Que., well equipped infirmary, private 
Jiving quarters, excellent facilities. Apply to: Mr. R. 
Lazanik, Pine Valley Camp, 5465 Queen Mary Road, 
suite 460, Montreal 29, Quebec. 9-47-67 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING for modern 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing administration 
or with experience will be given preference. Accommo 
dation available in nurses residence. Salary schedule 
will be based on the SRNA recommendations. Apply: 
Mr. R. Holinaty, Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, 
Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 10-131-1 A 

REGISTERED NURSES for 24-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Established personnel policies and pension plan. 
Salary range as per SRNA recommendations. Adjust 
ments to starting salary made for previous experience. 
Residence accommodation available at $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. Z. Johnson, Acting Director of 
Nursing, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatche 
wan. 10-131-1 



MATRON required for a 60-bed nursing home. Must be 
a registered nurse and capable of taking charge of 
intensive and Limited care patients. Duties to begin 
as soon as possible. Salary in accordance to schedule 
and experience. Apply to: SECRETARY-MANAGER, 
Estevan Regional Nursing Home, Estevan, Saskatche 
wan. T 0-32-2 



Registered Nurses for General Duty (2) in fully 
modern 27-bed hospital. Basic salary $400 per month. 
Personnel policies according to Sask. Reg. Nurses As 
sociation recommendations. New modern residence, 
excellent working conditions. Duties to commence 
when convenient. Apply to: Superintendent of Nursing 
Services. Kipling Memorial Union Hospital, Kipling, 
Saskatchewan. 10-59-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap 
ply : Director of Personnel, University Hospital, Sas 
katoon, Saskatchewan. 10-1 16-4A 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical. Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits, 
including temporary accommodations at low cost, 
health coverage, fully refundable retirement plan, 
liberal shift differentials, no rotation, exceptional 
in-service and orientation programs, unlimited sick 
leave accrual, unlimited vacation accrual, sick leave 
conversion to vacation, tuition reimbursement. Ex 
cellent salaries based on experience. Contact Person 
nel Administrator, Peninsula Hospital, 1783 El 
Comma Real, Burlingame, California 697-4061 . 

1 5-5-20 B 

Registered Nurses: The Los Angeles County General 
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areas. We 
invite your enquiries about positions available in pre 
mature nursery, neuro-surgery, pediatrics, operating 
room and recovery room, as well as general medical 
or surgical words. Several specialty programs are 
planned for 1967. Starting salary with one year s ex 
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month, 
$624 after six months. Additional pay for a degree. 
Evening bonus approximately $60 per month. Night 
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospital 
grounds for at least 90 days. We wiJI help you with 
California Registration. For further information, 
write: Mrs. Dorothy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
County General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles, Colifornio 90033. 15-5-3 E 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrefl, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Aevnue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 1 5-5-4 C 

Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



DIRECTOR 

REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



UNITED STATES 



MARCH 1967 



General Duty Staff Nurses for 450-bed fully approved 
teaching hospital. Top salaries with differential for 
evening and night duty. High increments. 40-hour 
week, paid vacation based on length of service, 8 paid 
holidays per year. Accumulative sick plan. Com 
prehensive hospital ization plan. Excellent pension 
plan. Orientation and dynamic inservice program. 
Nurses Association (A.F.L.) governs hours, salaries 
and working conditions. Registration to work in 
California required. Address applications to: Chief 
Nurse, Southern Pacific Memorial Hospital, 1400 Fell 
Street, San Francisco, California 94117. 15-5-6 D 

IN-SERVICE INSTRUCTORS for ward teaching and 
follow up of auxiliary staff. Openings on general 
medicine and in obstetrics. Write Nurse Recruitment 
Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County General Hos 
pital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 
90033 15-5-3 F 

PREMATURE AND NEWBORN NURSERY NURSES 

Two premature units (one large, one small) and regular 
nurseries need R.N. s for care of high-risk babies. 
Teaching programs. Promotional opportunities. Write: 
Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles 
County General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 E 

PSYCHIATRIC NURSES Need nurses particularly in 
terested in children and adolescents. Also openings on 
general wards. For details; write: Nurse Recruitment 
Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County General Hos 
pital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 
90033. 15-5-3 K 

OUTPATIENT NURSES Degree, public health ex 
perience required. Must be interested in teaching pa 
tients and families. For information, write: Nurse 
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County 
General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, 
California 90033. 15-5-3 L 

PROFESSIONAL NURSES Investigate the unlimited 
potential and professional growth offered our nursing 
staff. Ultra-modern equipment and facilities in a new, 
progressive 1 50-bed, air-conditioned hospital. Located 
in a warm, sunny climate 30 minutes from San Fran 
cisco. Top starting salaries, degree and experience re 
cognition, attractive paid benefits, no shift rotation. 
Enquire and compare, write Personnel Director, JOHN 
MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1601 Ygnacio Valley 
Road, Walnut Creek, California 94598. 15-5-67 A 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now Staff nurse en 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 

Registered Nurses for 303- bed modern hospital. Po 
sitions available All services, no shift rotation. 
Liberal benefits, advancement opportunities, educa 



tional opportunities in area, equal opportunity 
employer. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, San Francisco 15, California. 
Phone (JO 7-4400) 15-5-57 

Registered Nurses California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 

REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 

JCAH hospital 1 l /a hours from San Francisco, 2 



Jffi 



pii. 



i T 



BOX 1311 C 
DOROTHY EASLEY, R.N. Nurse Recruitment Officer 

1200 North State Street 

Los Angeles, California 90033 

Telephone 213 225-3115 



Are you looking for career nursing opportunities ? 

Do you want more training? 
Do unusual services appeal to you? 

Then you will want 
more information about our hospital 

We are a university teaching hospital 
for two schools of medicine. 

We have over 200 internes, 300 residents 
and a full time medical staff. 

We are one of the world s 
largest medical centers. 

Starting Salary $560. OO/ month 

Credit for degree 

Shift differential 

Credit for experience 

Outstanding Promotional Opportunities 

Assistant Head Nurse or Charge Nurse 

Head Nurse 
Clinical Specialist; Teaching Assistant; Instructor 



Coronary Care Unit; P.A.R., Intensive Care Units; 

Chest Surgery; Jail; Premature Center; Admitting; 

General Medicine,- O.R.; Diabetic Service; Neurosurgery; 

Metabolic Research; Dermatology; Orthopedics; Eye; Rehab; 

You name it We have it ! 



hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-491 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B.C. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

For administration of patient care services 
of 100-bed modern, accedited general 
care hospital with medical, surgical, ob 
stetrics and paediatric services. Patient 
care staff comprises 38 graduate nurses, 
20 practical nurses and orderlies and 
5 p.n. trainees, laboratory, X-Ray, physio 
therapy personnel. 

The Director of Nursing would be directly 
responsible to the Administrator. 
Graduation from an approved School of 
Nursing essential with experience or 
preparation in patient care administra 
tion desirable. 

Please direct enquiries or applications 
stating experience, training and references 

to: 

Administrator, 

KOOTENAY LAKE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

3 View Street, Nelson, B. C. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

will require 
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967 

DUTIES: Instruction in Science and Medical- 
Surgical Nursing Participation in deve 
lopment of 2 year programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS: University preparation 
in Nursing Education or Public Health. 

SALARY: Commensurate with experience 
and education. 50 students enrolled 
annually. 

For further information contact: 

Director School of Nursing 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ont. 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 




YOU CAN TELL THAT NURSES HELPED TO DESIGN OUR NURSING UNITS 

Community-General is completely designed for the nurse and the 
maximum development of her professional nursing abilities. 

Unit Clerk Service - 1 6 hours a day 

Automated delivery of supplies 

Maximum supporting services of 
Central Service, Dietary, Housekeeping, 
and others 



COMMUNITY-GENERAL HOSPITAL of Greater Syracuse 

Syracuse, New York 



Orientation Program 

In-Service Program 

Tuition Grants 

Shift Differentials 

Overtime - Paid at time and one half 

Excellent Personnel Policies 



Mail this coupon for information: 

Director of Personnel 

Community-General Hospital of Greater Syracuse 

Broad Road 

Syracuse, New York 13215 

Name 

Street 

City & State , 



MARCH 1967 



Please check present status: 
Student Q R.N. Q LP.N. D Supervisor Q 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 

Salary range for General Staff positions 

$360.00 - $420.00 per month 

and other liberal benefits. 



Direct enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing, 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 

3989 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



1965 INDEX 

An index of materials appearing 
in Volume 61 of 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 

is now available. 

Write for your copy to 

Miss PIERRETTE HOTTE 

at National Office, 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Staff Duly positions (Nurs) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shotto Street, Los Angelei 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 



REGISTERED NURSES If you have a degree from 
an NLN accredited school and one year s experience, 
we start you at $624 a month. Current openings on 
burn services, chest surgery and chest medical units. 
Write: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los 
Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North State 
Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 I 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES - for medical services. May 
have experience in intensive care units and coronary 
care unit if desired. With one year s experience, start 
at $591. Write: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, 
Los Angeles County General Hospital, 1200 North 
State Street, Los Angeles, California 90033. 15- 5-3 G 



NURSES California calls! Exciting new programs in 
one of the country s largest medical centers. Openings 
in neuro-surgery and renal dialysis units. Special 
teaching programs on both services Write: Nurse 
Recruitment Officer, Box 1421, Los Angeles County 
General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, 
California 90033 15-5-3 H 



PROFESSIONAL NURSES with a clinical specialty: 

we hove openings in all major areas. Utilize your 
specialty in the care of patients, not the desk. Write 
for more information: Nurse Recruitment Officer, Box 
1421, Los Angeles, County General Hospital, 1200 
North State Street. Los Angeles, California 90033 

1 5-5-3 J 



NURSES, Registered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, ana an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman s Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 

66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NURSE TEAM LEADER POSITIONS in new 372-bed 
fully accredited, General Hospital in resort area. $503 
per month days ana 1 $528 per month evening and 
night shift. Liberal fringe benefits. For descriptive bro 
chure and policies write: L. Sims, North Miami Gene 
ral Hospital, 1701 NE 127th Street, North Miami, 
Florida. 15-10-2 A 



REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, lick leave, holi 
days, liffl insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 



WEST INDIES 



Registered Graduate Nurses who wish to gain valu 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Arti- 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write: 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 



ONTARIO 



Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of Nursing effective January I, 
1967, for a 42-bed General Hospital located in the 
heart of Northwestern Ontario. Residence suite availa 
ble. For full particulars write to: Les. J. H. Johnston, 
Administrator, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. 
Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7119-1 



DIRECTORS 
AND 

ASSISTANT 
DIRECTORS 

WORKSHOPS ON 
PROBLEM-SOLVING 



Learn and practice problem- 
solving skills applied to 
Hospital Nursing Service 

Have you registered? 

Halifax April 11-14, 1967 
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967 

It s later than you think! 



Write to: 

CANADIAN 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 
NURSES ASSOCIATION 



MARCH 1967 








GO!... Where the ACTION is! 

Albany Medical Center, that s where. A modern teaching hos 
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York ... on 
the doorstep of New York City s bright lights . . . exciting 
horse racing at Saratoga . . . summer homes of the Philadelphia 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras . . . scenic Lake George . . . 
and the greatest skiing in the East. 

Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 



Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CITY 



.STATE ZIP.. 



CAN 




specialization 




education 







I 




recreation 



Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
Hospital in the new $250 million Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in 
Michigan.) 

Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one of the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 

Enjoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic 
Detroit or enjoy the all-year around sports and 
recreation of Michigan. 

Staff nurses at Grace earn from $500 to $600 
per month for days and $514 to $629 for evening 
and night duty plus very generous fringe benefits. 
Other positions pay even more. For full informa 
tion contact: Director of Nursing. 



GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 

4160 John R. Street, 
Detroit, Michigan 48201 

or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 

18700 Meyers Road, 
Detroit. Michigan 48235 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 




your diploma 

means something 

at Presbyterian 

Hang on to that diploma. It s 
probably the most important 
piece of paper you ll ever earn. 
Ifs your certificate of profession 
alism. Make the most of your 
diploma by choosing a hospital 
where your professionalism, your 
skill, your individual contributions 
are appreciated. 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 

"Starting salary to $555 a month 
"Expanding, progressive 

500-bed hospital 
" Personal orientation program 
"Liberal fringe benefits 
"Continuing educational programs 
"Airline travel paid 
"Two universities 
* "Growing metropolitan area 
"Twenty minutes from nearby 

mountain ski area 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-941 1, Eit. 219) 



Mrs. Susan Dicke, Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center, Department B 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 

Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and how 1 may 
make the most of my diploma there. 



Name 



Address. 



School of Nursmg_ 
Year of Graduation . 



.Month, 



MARCH 1967 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

SPONSORED BY 

THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 

INSTRUCTOR 

QUALIFICATIONS A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing. 

Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 

The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 

THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 

CONTROL The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school. 

Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 

1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 

2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 

3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 

4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 

5) Community agencies in the area. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO: 
The Director, 

HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING, 

Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



STAFF NURSE POSITIONS 
Salary Range $482-5620 

with maximum starting $539 on day shift, 
$592 evening and/or night shifts. Credit 
given for education and/or experience. 
Opportunity to gain knowledge and skill 
in a specialized cancer research hospital. 
Registration in Texas required. Excellent 
personnel benefits include: 3 weeks vaca 
tion, holidays, cumulative sick leave, 
laundry of uniforms furnished, retirement 
and Social Security programs, Hospitaliza- 
rion, Life and Disability Income Insurance 
available. Equal opportunity employer. 

For application and additional information 
Write to : 

Personnel Manager 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

M.D. ANDERSON HOSPITAL AND 

TUMOR INSTITUTE 

Texas Medical Center 
Houston, Texas 77025 



RIVERSIDE 

HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 

HEAD NURSE Operating Room 
ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 




YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

NEWMARKET, ONTARIO 
HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 

patient care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 

and 24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from 

excellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 

Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance, group 

life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TEACHERS 

required 

to assist in Developing New Curriculum and a 

Regional School. 
School of Nursing Building is New 

and well equiped. 

Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 
Qualifications B.Sc.N. 

or 
Diploma in Nursing Education, 



GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

Required for all Services 
Salaries and Fringe Benefits at Metropolitan Level. 



Apply to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

BRANTFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brantford, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap 
proximately 140 students. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 

Minimum requirement Bachelor s Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

For further details apply to: 
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 

PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

Peterborough, Ontario 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

to p ALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Writ e to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 



700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Obstetrics, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. Sick leave 12 days after one 
year, Ontario Hospital Insurance 50% 
payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays- annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$360 - $420 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



there are over 

200,000 more 

who need your help! 




REGISTERED NURSES PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Have you considered a Career with the... 

Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
for the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

The Director of Nursing will be responsible for 
the administration of all nursing services within 
the hospital. The hospital currently operates 
375 beds and is undergoing extensive moderni 
zation and expansion costing $3,750,000. There 
is a furnished apartment available at a mini 
mum rental. A 140 student School of Nursing 
housed in a modern residence and operated 
by the hospital is the responsibility of a Director 
of Nursing Education. 

Address enquiries to: 
DOUGLAS M. McNABB, Administrator 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort William, Ontario 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand 
ing hospital. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Scarborough, Ontario 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 




HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 1 2-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



mm 



NURSE- 
ANESTHETIST-OB- 



For 350 Bed Community 
Teaching Hospital, 35 min 
utes from Metropolitan New 
York. 

Excellent Salary 
+ Benefits 

In-service Education 

8 Paid Holidays per year 

Tuition Refund Program 

12 Paid Sick Days 

per year 

Free Life and 

Disability Insurance 

Blue Cross Coverage 



Send Resume to: 

Box CN 1433, 

125 West 41 St. 

New York NY 10036 

An Equal Opportunity 
Employer M/F 



REGISTERED 
NURSES 

Highand Park General Hospital 
is a 300-bed General Hospital 
located within 15 minutes of 
downtown Detroit. It is fully ap 
proved by the Joint Commission 
on Accreditation of Hospitals. 
Salary range for Staff Nurses is 
$6,484.40 to $7,633.60 annually 
depending on schedule. Week 
end bonus of $5.00 per shift in 
excess of one weekend per 
month for part time nurses. 

Call or write: 
Assistant Director of Nursing 

HIGHLAND PARK GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Highland Park, Michigan 
883-7000, Ext. 576 



TJ1 
A 




says 

life at Mary Fletcher 
Hospital Medical Center 
is all work & no play? 

Uncrowded Vermont is for 
those who like outdoor fun. 
Sailing, swimming*- skiing, 
tennis, golf, are only 
utes away from Mary 
cher Hospital on the shore 
of lovely Lake Champtain?< 
Combine an exciting career 
with off-duty recreation and! 
the cultural advantages ofj 
an attractive college cpm-f 
munity. Excellent starting 
salaries, liberal fringe bene 
fits, clinical affiliation with 
Univ. of Vermont College of 
Medicine. MFH serves as the 
primary teaching and refer 
ral center for all of northern 
New England. 

I ~~ " "" ~ ~~ ~~ """ "" ~~ ~~ "~~ 

Personnel Office, Dept. 401 

Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about career opportuni 
ties at Mary Fletcher Hospital Medical Center 
and send me literature about Vermont 
The Beckoning Country. 

NAME 
ADDRESS 




74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1%; 



OPPORTUNITY FOR 



GROWTH 

CHANGE 
SPECIALIZATION 



TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 

> CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned orientation programme 

Continuing in-service programmes 

Opportunities of a research and teaching hospital 

BROADEN EXPERIENCE 
Positions available: 

General medicine Obstetrics Operating Room 

General Surgery Gynaecology Recovery Room 

Specialty units and intensive care Cardiovascular 
Respiratory Neurosurgery 

ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 

- Excellent patient care facilities 

Salaries seated to qualifications and experience 

3 weeks vacation, statutory holidays, cumulative sick leave 

Life insurance, hospitalization, retirement programme 
Uniforms laundered free 



For additional information, 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario 



THE MACK SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 



Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing a progressive educational programme in 
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree 
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working 
toward a degree accepted. 

Good personnel policies. 



Apply to: 
The Principal, 

THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING, 

Queenston Street, 
St. Catharines, Ontario 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged, In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 

Eligible for registration in the 
Province of Ontario. 

Various positions available as SUPER 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
advancement in oil areas of modern, 
newly expanded 1,000-bed General Hos 
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten 
sive Care, Emergency, Central Supply, 
Medical and Surgical Units. 

Please contact: 

Director of Nursing 

HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Required for 37 bed active hospital in 
town of 1,700 pop. midway between 
Calgary and Lethbridge, paved hiwy. 
wheat growing area, close to foothills. 
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis 
tration would be beneficial. Increase in 
usage of all facilities in last 6 months. 
Salary to be negotiated. Suite in nurses 
residence. Insurance and pension group. 
Present Director retiring. 

Apply in writing to: 

Administrator, 

MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 

Vulcan, Alberta 



PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

required by 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMIOOPS, British Columbia 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing Education 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B. C. 



SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

WALLACEBURG, ONTARIO 

Expansion, scheduled to open April 1, 
1967. Registered Nurses salary range 
$400 - $480, per month commensurate 
with experience and qualifications. 

Registered Nursing/ Assistants salary 
range $295 - $331 per month. Excellent 
personnel polcies. 

For further information and application 
form please write: 

Mrs. M. Brevik 

Director of Nursing 

SYDENHAM DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Wallaceburg, Ontario. 



WANTED 

Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 
Salary $385.00 per month plus five an 
nual increments. Free apartment and 
board. Relocation expenses. Company 
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans 
and pension plan available. 



For further particulars, apply to: 

Personnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 

LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

GUELPH, ONTARIO 
requires 

Instructors for various Clinical Areas. 
Student enrolment over 85. 

UNIVERSITY CITY 

Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES 
WE NEED 

YOU 



APPLY TO. 

Director of Nursing Service 

SUDBURY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Sudbury, Ontario. 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 
requires 

A Supervisor for evening and night rota 
tion of duty and A Supervisor for in- 
service education programme for 166-bed 
hospital within easy driving distance of 
American and Canadian metropolitan 
centres/ consideration given for previous 
experience obtained in Canada. Comple 
tely furnished apartment-style residence, 
including balcony and swimming pool 
facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario. 



ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Modern active treatment hospital Super 
visors required for days, evening and 
night duty for Paediatric and Medical 
Nursing Units. General Duty for all servi 
ces including Intensive Care Unit. Excel 
lent working conditions and current per 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience and Postgraduate 
qualifications. 

Apply: 

Personnel Office, 

ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 



Registered Nurses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 





Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 

El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



THE COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 

invites applications for the position of 

DIRECTOR 

The College of Nurses of Ontario is the statutory body which sets 
and maintains minimum standards of nursing education and practice. 
The Director is responsible to the Council of the College and is 
supported by qualified administrative assistants, an educational 
consultant, and other staff of 40 members, professional and 
clerical. 

THE CHALLENGE This chief executive position offers a unique 
opportunity and responsibility to influence nursing in Ontario. 

QUALIFICATIONS The applicant must be a registered nurse with 
advanced academic preparation and experience in nursing. 

SALARY Subject to negotiation as recommended in the RNAO 
Minimum Standards of Employment. 

POSITION AVAILABLE July 1, 1968. An appointment prior to 
this date will be made to provide for a period of orientation. 

For further information and application form, 
please contact: 

The President of the Council, 

COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 

10 Price Street, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 

Application form is to be filed not later than May 1, 1967. 
Envelope should be marked "confidential". 



ONCE A NURSE... 
ALWAYS A NURSE! 

Whether you re a practicing R.N. or just taking time 
out to raise a family, you can serve your community 
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills 
needed to care for a sick member of the family at 
home. 

Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS 

to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses. 

VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR 
IN YOUR COMMUNITY 



For further information, contact: 
National Director, Nursing Services, 

THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 

95 Wellesley Street East, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 



apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires the following Faculty 

a) Psychiatric Teacher <One). 

b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement B. Sc. N. 

The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 
Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in a modern, 56-bed, fully ac 
credited hospital with expansion plans 
under active study. Nursing administrative 
education and experience desirable. 
Salary commensurate with qualifications. 

Apply: 

Mrs. M. Fearn, Executive Director 
THE BARRIE MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Ormstown,, Quebec 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIILE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, has 
openings for: 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



For information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 
requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education building 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 

For further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated wi 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 



City. 



.State. 



-Zip Code_ 




^> jttmti, ~1 , 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Positions are available in our 
rapidly expanding Medical Cen 
tre situated on a growing Uni 
versity campus. All service in 
cluding renal dialysis, coronary 
intensive care and cardiac surg 
ery offer opportunities for ad 
vancement. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 
HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



REGISTERED NURSES 

for General Duly 

In modern 20-bed hospital locat 
ed in thriving northwestern On 
tario community. Starting salary 
$335 minimum to $400 maxi 
mum for three years experience. 
Board and room in modern 
nurses residence is supplied at 
no charge. Excellent employee 
benefits and recreational facili 
ties available. Further particulars 
on request. Apply giving full 
details of experience, age, avail 
ability, etc. to: 

Employment Supervisor 

MARATHON CORPORATION 
OF CANADA LIMITED 

Marathon, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen 
sion plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



4ARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
for the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 



new 



teaching hospital. Master s degree preferred. Considera 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 

For further information, write to: 

Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee 

c/o Nursing Office, 
VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario. 



MOVE UP 
TO CLEVELAND 



SCHOOL OF NURSIK6 

PLUMMER 

MEMORIAL 

PUBLIC HOSPITAL 

SAULT STE. MARIE 
Invites Applications for: 

1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 

2. Medical Instructor 

3. Obstetrical Instructor 

250 bed non-sectarian General 
Hospital with enrolment of 80 
students. This School is planning 
a change to two year patient- 
centered, problem solving cur 
riculum and one year internship. 
Excellent salaries commensurate 
with experience and qualifica 
tions. 

Apply to: 

Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House- 
Keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 




Nurses find that the combination of 
working at Mt. Sinai Hospital and liv 
ing in this growing midwestern city 
cannot be matched in any other com 
munity. The beginning salary is $500 
a month and there are exceptional ad 
vancement opportunities in this 532- 
bed teaching hospital which is located 
in the educational center of the city. 
For more information, write to Nurse 
Recruiter, Dept. CB. 

THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 
OF CLEVELAND 
University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 




MALE REGISTERED 

NURSES AND REGISTERED 

NURSING ASSISTANTS 



The Clarke Institute of Psychiatry/ o 
teaching, research and treatment hospital 
affiliated with the University of Toronto, 
invites applications from qualified person 
nel for positions as male registered nurses 
and male registered nursing assistants. 

The institute will provide opportunities 
for the development of new approaches 
to the treatment of psychiatric illnesses, 
along with education in research pro 
grams dealing with the causes, course 
and treatment of psychiatric illnesses. 

Applicants should be able to qualify for 
registration in Ontario. The Institute offers 
excellent personnel policies and staff 
benefits. 



Apply in Writing to: 
Director of Nursing 

CLARKE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY 

250 College Street 
Toronto 2B, Ontario 






80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




\ 



YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1. Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 



Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 



For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 

Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Acting Administrator 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



VIARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 81 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

TEACHERS 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 

For full particulars write to: 

Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 

Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 

Apply -to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For all services including Operating and 
Delivery Room. 

Hospital rapidly expanding to 450 beds. 
Salary $502 to $590 with shift, week-end 
and Charge Nurse differential. 

Write to Nursing Office 

ST. JOHN HOSPITAL 

22101 Moross Road 

Detroit, Michigan 48236 

or Telephone: 881-8200 

(4-11-24) 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



82 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1%; 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOAAA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 

NEW DIPLOAAA PROGRAM 
in 

OUTPOST NURSING 

A program extending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remote 
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas 
within the course of study will include : 

Public health nursing 

Complete midwifery 

Basic clinical medicine 
Instruction will be highly individualized. 
1st year To be spent at the University. 
2nd year To consist of an internship 
directed by the University in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have completed at 
least one year of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the program students 
will receive a Diploma in Public Health 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost 
Nursing. 

For further information write to: 

Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



REGISTERED NURSES Just over the Golden Gate 
from San Francisco in "Marvelous Marin". Modern ex 
panding 250 bed hospital. Opportunities in medical, 
surgical obstetrical, ICU, OR, Cardiovascular, Psychia 
tric areas. Dynamic inservice program. Salary, based 
on education and experience starting from $600 to 
$675. PM and night shift differentials of 10% and 
7 %, plus liberal employee benefits. Opportunities for 
graduate study in nearby colleges and universities, 
Stimulating, progressive hospital atmosphere plus ex 
citing off-duty attractions of nearby San Francisco, 
the Redwoods, ocean swimming and mountain skiing. 
Contact: Personnel Director, Marin General Hospital, 
Box 30 San Rafael, California. 15-5-69 A 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits, RN salary $100 per 



week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $76 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago s 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp 
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 



. . . REGISTERED NURSES . . . 

THE 350-BED 

SARNIA GENERAL 



F= I T A. 



ASKS 

What Are You Seeking? 




WE OFFER 



the opportunity 



1. to work directly with patients 

2. to participate in group decisions 

3. L.O.A. with financial assistance to further your education 
in nursing 

If you are interested . . . contact the Personnel Director, Sarnia General 
Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 83 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30- 4:00, 3:30- 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

TEACHERS 

For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 

Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 

Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 

You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 

the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 

Expo 67. 

For further information contact: 

The Director, School of Nursing 

BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brockville, Ontario 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement -- B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



84 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



UNITED STATES 



iTAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
ievelop your professional skills and knowledge in 
>ur 1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
jolicies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
;ultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
lousing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
in nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
josition you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
loom 60X3, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
:ircle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 



(gijtered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
jround, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
vents) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
Jniversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
3t $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 



Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: AAultnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (o) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36- ID 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.Q. 



utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

announces 

FACULTY POSITIONS 

available for the following programmes: 

1. A Four-Year Basic Degree Programme 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 

2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg 
istered Nurses. 

3. Expanding graduate programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 

Enquires are invited from qualified persons 
who are interested in University teaching 
opportunities in the School of Nursing of a 
rapidly developing Health Sciences Centre. 

For information write to: 

The Dean, School of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 

WESTERN ONTARIO 

London, Canada 




DALHOUSIE 
UNIVERSITY 



Degree Course in Basic Nursing (B.N.) 
4 years 

A program extending over four calendar 
years leading to the Bachelor of Nursing 
degree is offered to candidates with a 
Nova Scotia Grade XII standing (or equiv 
alent) and prepares the student for nursing 
practice in hospitals and the community. 
The curriculum includes studies in the 
humanities, nursing and the sciences. 

Degree Course for Registered Nurses 
(B.N.) 3 years 

A program extending over three academic 
years is offered to Registered Nurses who 
wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree. The course includes studies in 
the humanities, sciences and a nursing 
specialty. 

Diploma Courses for Registered Nurses 
1 year 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



MARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 85 




GUY S HOSPITAL 
LONDON 

TO REGISTERED NURSES OF 
ACCREDITED SCHOOLS OF NURSING 



If you are visiting Great Britain, why not widen your professional 
experience and consider joining the staff at Guy s Hospital? 
Appointments for six months are offered in all Branches of general 
nursing, in the specialised units, and private patients wing. 
The furnished accommodation is excellent and all modern facilities 
are available. The Hospital is ideally situated for exploring London. 
Those nurses who are interested and would like further information, 
please write to: 

The Matron, Guy s Hospital, 
London, S.E.I. 

giving details of your nursing training, and subsequent experience. 



UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 

Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor 
ganization of the program. 

Applicants should have a Master s degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 

Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 

Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 

Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

University of Windsor, 
Ontario 



AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1st, 1967. Appli 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 

The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 

The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 

Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 

Director, 

EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 



86 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MARCH 1967 



HYDRAULIC 
PATIENT LIFTER 




TED HOYER & COMPANY, INC. 

Dept. CN, 2222 Minnesota St., Oshkosh, Wis. 




CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

March 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Ltd. 59 

American Sterilizer Co 20 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd Cover IV 



The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. 
Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 
Canadian University Service Overseas 
Charles E. Frosst & Co. 
M. W. Chase Co. Inc. 
Hollister Ltd. 

Ted Hoyer & Company Inc 

W. J. Gage & Co. Ltd 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 

J. B. Lippincott Co. of Canada Ltd. 

C. V. Mosby Co. 

Parke, Davis & Company, Ltd. 

J. T. Posey Company 

Poulenc Limited 

Reeves Company 

Savage Shoes Limited 

Uniforms Registered 

White Sister Uniform Inc. 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 



Advertising 

Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
1 70 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



10 

12, 58 

5 

52 

15 

87 

.... 14 

87 

23 

9 

56 

24, 25 
1 

2 

57 

6 

55 

17 

Cover III 

Cover II 

56 



vlARCH 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 87 



PROVINCIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF REGISTERED NURSES 



Alberta 

Alberta Association of Registered Nurses, 
10256 - 112 St., Edmonton. 
Pres.: F. M. Moore; Past Pres.: M. Schuma 
cher; Vice-Pres.: G. Purcell, Sister Ann 
Marie, Georgia Nobles. Committees Nurs 
ing Service: May Parker; Nursing Education: 
Eileen Jameson. Executive Secretary: H. Sa- 
bin; Registrar: D. J. Price. 

British Columbia 

Registered Nurses Association of British 
Columbia, 2130 West 12th Avenue, Vancou 
ver 9. 

Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George; Vice- 
Pres.: I. Norrington; Hon. Sec.: J. Jamieson. 
Committees Nursing Education: R. Cun 
ningham; Public Relations: N. Fieldhouse; 
Nursing Service: E. Williamson; Social & 
EC. Welfare: P. Wadsworth; Legislation & 
By-Laws: M. Campbell. Executive Secretary: 
E. S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie. 

Manitoba 

Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
247 Balmoral St., Winnipeg 1. 
Pres.: Helen P. Glass; Past Pres.: M. E. 
Wilson; Vice-Pres.: L. McGinnis, M. Nugent. 
Committees Nursing Service: Unnur Brown; 
Nursing Education: K. McLaughlin; Public 
Relations: Pearl Marcombe; Legislation: M. 
Nugent. Executive Secretary and Registrar: 
M. E. Cameron. 

New Brunswick 

New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses, 231 Saunders St., Fredericton. 
Pres.: K. Wright; Past Pres.: M. J. Anderson; 
Vice-Pres.: A. Estabrooks, I. Leckie; Hon. 
Sec.: Sister Florence Darrah. Committees- 
Social & EC. Welfare: C. Bannister; Nursing 
Education: A. Thorne; Nursing Service: A. 
Estabrooks; Finance: K. MacLaggan; Legis 
lation: M. MacLachlan; Public Relations: 
Irene Rumsey. Executive Secretary: G. Her 
mann; Registrar: L. Gladney. 

Newfoundland 

Association of Registered Nurses of New 
foundland, 95 Le Marchand Rd., St. John s. 
Pres.: J. Story; Past Pres.: J. Lewis; Vice- 
Pres.: D. Pinsent, M. Marsh, Helen Penney. 
Committees Nursing Education: Sr. M. 
Xaverius; Nursing Service: E. Kelly; Legis 
lation & By-Laws: V. Ruelokke; Finance: 
M. Marsh; Registration: I. Winsor; Public 
Relations: B. Coady. Executive Secretary: 
P. Laracy. 

Nova Scotia 

Registered Nurses Association of Nova 
Scotia, 6035 Coburg Rd., Halifax. 

88 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Pres.: P. Lyttle; Past Pres.: H. Mack; Vice- 
Pres.: J. Church, E. Purdy. Committees 
Nursing Education: Sister Marie Barbara; 
Nursing Service: Rose Jenkins; Social & EC. 
Welfare: Sister Thomas Joseph. Executive 
Secretary: Nancy Watson. 



Ontario 

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 
33 Price Street, Toronto 5. 
Pres.: E. Geiger; Past Pres.: E. M. Sewell; 
Vice-Pres.: Albert W. Wedgery, L. E. Butler. 
Committees -- Finance: Norma Marossi; 
Legislation & By-Laws: Albert W. Wedgery; 
Nursing Education: E. M. Sewell; Nursing 
Service: M. L. Peart; Public Relations: D. E. 
Markle; Socio-Economic Welfare: Laura E. 
Butler. Presidents: Dist. 1, J, O. Shack; 2, 
M. L. Johnson; 3, N. Marossi; 4, I. Kay; 
5, M. L. Ashton; 6, V. B. Duffy; 7, C. 
Blacklock; 8, D. R. Starr; 9, R. McNulty; 
10, L. E. Butler; 11, M. L. Langstaff; 12. G. 
V. Koivu. Executive Secretary: Laura Barr. 



Prince Edward Island 

Association of Nurses of Prince Edward 
Island, 188 Prince St., Charletown. 
Pres.: Sr. M. Hermina; Past Pres.: Alice 
Trainor; Pres. Elect: C. Corbett, 2nd Vice- 
Pres.: C. Gordon. Committees Nursing 
Education: M. Murphy; Nursing Service: Sr. 
Marie Monica; Public Relations: M. Babi- 
neau; Finance: A. Trainor; Legislation & 
By-Laws: Katherine MacLennah; Social & 
EC. Welfare: G. MacDonald. Executive Se 
cretary-Registrar: Helen L. Bolger. 



Quebec 

The Association of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Blvd. West, 
Montreal 6. 

Pres.: G. Jacobs; Vice-Pres.: (Eng.) J. M. 
Gilchrist, J. MacMillan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J. 
Monfette; Hon. Tres.: F. M. Allan; Hon. 
Sec.: O. Gareau. Committees Nursing Edu 
cation: A. I. MacLeod, Sr. B. Lesage; 
Nursing Service: R. Dayon, T. Beliveau; 
Labor Relations: E. C. Flanagan, G. Hotte. 
Secretary-Registrar: Helena F. Reimer. 



Saskatchewan 

Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion, 2066 Retallack St., Regina. 
Pres.: V. Spencer; Past Pres.: M. Crawford; 
Vice-Pres.: A. Gunn, Sr. Mary Rufina. Com 
mitteesNursing Education: K. Dier; Nurs 
ing Service: B. Hailstone; Chapters and 
Public Relations: Dolores Ast; Social & EC. 
Welfare: C. Boyko; Legislation and By-Laws: 
A. Gunn; Finance: V. Spencer. Executive 
Secretary-Registrar: Grace Motta. 



CANADIAN 

NURSES 

ASSOCIATION 



Board of Directors 

President 

President-Elect Sister M. Felicitas 

1st Vice-President E. Louise Miner 

2nd Vice- 
President Marguerite Schumacher 

Representative of Nursing 
Sisterhoods Sister T. Castonguay 

Chairman of Committee of Social & 
Economic Welfare Evelyn E. Hood 

Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Service Margaret D. McLean 

Chairman of Committee on Nursing 
Education Kathleen E. Arpin 

AARN Frances M. Moore, President 

RNABC M. Lunn, President 

MARN H. P. Glass, President 

NBARN K. Wright, President 

ARNN Janet S. Story, President 

RNANS Phyllis J. Lyttle, President 
RNAO Elsbeth Geiger, President 
ANPEI Sister M. Hermina, President 

ANPQ G. Jacobs, President 

SRNA Vera L. Spencer, President 

National Office 

Executive 

Director Helen K. Mussallem 

Associate Executive 

Director Lillian E. Pettigrew 

General Manager Ernest Van Raalte 

Research and Advisory Services: 
Director Lois Graham-Cumming 
Education Margaret Steed 

Service .... . Frances Howard 

Socio-Economic 

Welfare Glenna S. Rowsell 

Library Margaret L. Parkin 

Information Services: 

Public Relations June I. Ferguson 

Editor, The Canadian 

Nurse Virginia A. Lindabury 

Editor, L infirmiere 



canadienne 



Claire Bigue 



MARCH 1967 



expo67 



April 1967 



UNIVERSITY OF OT7 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
OTTAWA, ONT. 

I2-68-Q-L-I04-D 




The 



Canadian 
Nurse 




oc 



1 






nursing station at Expo 67 
public health in Jerusalem 
fight against cancer 

nursing education 
in Saskatchewan 





f 





GRACEFULLY 
PROFESSIONAL 



FROM 



WHITE SISER 






The professional look is the shift shown here 



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#5790 in our own oyae a Fortrel & Nylon Tricot Knit at $14.98 

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both styles are available in sizes 6-16, short sleeves only 



Featuring 2 of White Sister s most beautiful new uniform fabrics The very finest in Fortrel & Nylon (c Royale 
Tricot Knits, and "Gaprice a Luxurious 65/35 intimate Blend of Fortrel & Cotton in an exquisite Bengaline weave 

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This and many more exquisite White Sister luxury professionals are available at 
fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 

For the store nearest you, write: 

WH ITE SISTER 

WHITE SISTER UNIFORM INC., 70 Mount Royal West, Montreal, Que, 



For its 

centennial p, 
White Sister 
co-sponsorir 
significant H 
his health ps 



exhibit 




your 

Own 

hands : 





soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



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skin refreshant and body massage 





APRIL 1967 



LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64 Colgate Ave nue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



so soft ...so soothing 




SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS ... SOME STYLES 3^-12 AAAA-E. 16.95 to $21.95 

For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 

THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS 

2 THE CANADIAN NURSE APRIL 1%7 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 4 



April 1967 



27 Editorial H. K. Mussallem 

28 Nursing Station at Expo 67 

30 Tomorrow s Nursing Education in Saskatchewan Linda Long 

34 From Communication to Coordination Rebecca Bergman 

37 Current Status of Cancer Chemotherapy I. W. D. Henderson 

41 Regional Cancer Chemotherapy Pamela Edwards 

44 The Fight Against Cancer Mace Mair 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

7 News 
20 Names 
23 Dates 



25 New Products 

47 In a Capsule 

48 Books 
50 Films 



Cover Photo: "Style Centennial," the specially-designed uniform to be worn in the 
nurses exhibit at Expo 67. Courtesy of White Sister Uniform, Inc. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zllm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year. $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association. 1966 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



PRIL 1967 



Statistics released recently by 
National Health and Welfare show 
that only 1,000,000 Canadians 
have been persuaded to stop smoking. 
Apparently another 2,500,000 tried 
to stop and couldn t, and a further 
3,000,000 didn t even try. 
These figures are disappointing 
considering the time and money 
expended by the Department in its 
campaign against smoking. 

Every conceivable form of 
propaganda on the dangers of 
smoking has been issued by the 
Department. The average smoker, 
even with one eye shut and the other 
closed, cannot escape this deluge 
of information that reminds him, 
daily, of the disturbingly high 
correlation between smoking and lung 
cancer, smoking and heart disease, 
and smoking and emphysema. 
Yet he continues to puff away, 
undaunted by the fear of disease. 

The time has come for all 
organizations involved in this 
campaign to shift into high gear. 
The educational phase has been 
completed; the next step is to find 
ways and means to help persons 
break the habit. 

In many cities in the United States, 
one-week programs are offered to 
persons who need help to stop 
smoking. The fact that most of these 
programs are oversubscribed attests 
to their popularity. Moreover, 
follow-up studies have proven these 
programs to be effective. 

In Canada, little help is available 
to smokers who wish to stop. 
And for most smokers, "will power" 
is insufficient to get them over the 
first hurdle. They need support, 
as well as psychologically-sound 
measures to help them overcome 
the habit. 

A cutback in the number of 
expensive brochures being published, 
more emphasis on research, and an 
increase in action would get the 
campaign into high gear. Editor. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



"Accent provocative" 

Dear Editor: 

I realize you encourage professionalism 
in your magazine, but after seeing the ad 
vertisement on the inside back cover of 
your February issue, I wonder which pro 
fession it is you re encouraging. 

It shows a picture of a pretty girl wear 
ing white high heels (I understand this 
isn t exactly standard in hospitals) and the 
message on the ad says, "accent provoc 
ative." Quick, get me to a hospital ! - 
Raymond Eraser, Montreal, P.Q. 



USSR Seminar 

Dear Editor: 

I would like to acknowledge the receipt 
of the February issue of THE CANADIAN 
NURSE in which there is a very interesting 
article by Dr. H.K. Mussallem on her 
recent trip to the USSR. We sent the copy 
of your magazine to the Department of 
Public Health in Moscow. A. Makarov, 
First Secretary, USSR Embassy. 

Dear Editor: 

I congratulate Dr. H.K. Mussallem on 
her article "A Glimpse of Nursing in the 
USSR" (February, 1967). Her "thumb 
nail sketch of observations" provided an 
excellent picture of the Travelling Seminar 
on Nursing in the USSR last October. 

Thanks are due to Dr. Mussallem for 
the continuous contributions she is making 
to the nursing profession. H. F. Naudett, 
Administratrix, Trenton Memorial Hospital, 
Trenton, Ontario. 



Journal like "refresher course" 

Dear Editor: 

I must congratulate you on the educ 
ational material that appears every month 
in this magazine. It is like a "refresher 
course" for those of us who are not employ 
ed in the hospital today. 

The article, "Nursing in the Armed 
Forces" (November, 1966) was most in 
formative for those who have never served 
in one of the medical branches. 

Two letters published recently about 
nurse-patient relations have aroused some 
thoughts. I am sure that at some time we 
all have been guilty of neglect when it 
came to reassuring the patient who ex 
periences fear for the first time in the 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



operating, labor, or case room. 

To eliminate such accusations from the 
patient, doctors and nurses should have a 
good line of communication and under 
standing between themselves and the pa 
tients. If we cannot be nurses in the true 
sense of the word, then we should not be 
surprised to see "nursing robots" pressed 
into service in the near future. The patient 
would probably prefer this type of nurse 
to a human one who cannot take or "make" 
the time to act human. 

It is not the fault of the schools of 
nursing; it is the individual who decides 
in the end the type of nurse she is going 
to be. Maybe after she has been a patient 
she will change for the better and show 
consideration for those in her care. 
(Mrs.) Helen E. Gordon, Fort St. John, 
British Columbia. 



Men in nursing 

Dear Editor: 

I have just read the article on male 
nurses (June, 1966) my first copy was 
lost in the mail. It may take time, but I 
believe men will be accepted in nursing. 

Think of how the public, doctors, and 
even nurses resented the woman doctor. 
Now she is accepted, or almost, as equal to 
the male doctor. 

If we had more male nurses it might pre 
vent the neglect of maternity patients that 
a reader complained about (November, 
1966). This neglect happens all too often. 
The maternity patient has no alternative but 
to enter hospital. Doctors will not take 
a house case, and what nurse would or 
could take a private case ? With male 
nurses there would not be the shortage of 
nurses, and patients could receive better 
care. (Mrs.) Esther E. Cook, Manitoba. 



University programs 

Dear Editor: 

Please forgive my procrastination in ex 
pressing my thanks for the very satisfactory 
piece of work that you did on the Canadian 
University Schools of Nursing (December, 
1966). 

The layout was very interesting and I 
believe that you grasped the essence of the 
programs of the various schools, their phi 
losophy and objectives, quite satisfactorily. 
It was interesting to note the aspects various 
directors emphasized. No doubt this issue 
will be helpful to many nurses throughout 



Canada who are always a bit puzzled ov 
the programs of the various universi 
schools. E.A. Electa MacLennan, dire 
tor, Dalhousie University School of Nut 
ing, Halifax, N.S. 

Dear Editor: 

Readers will be interested in certa 
amendments made in the admission r < 
quirement to the University of Toron 
School of Nursing. These will be effecti 1 
in the 1967-1968 session. 

1. Graduate nurse students enrolled 
the degree course no longer have to cor 
plete the prerequisite in psychiatric nursin 

2. The maturity clause referred to 
your article (Dec. 1966, p. 42) has beer 
revised and, commencing with the 196 
1968 session, students of 25 years of a; 
may request special consideration if th< 
have not completed the published admi 
sion requirements. These applicants w 
be required to have standing in at least 01 
Grade 13 subject. Helen M. Carpente 
director, University of Toronto School 
Nursing. 

Growl at "grumps" 
Dear Editor: 

Excuse this informal note but I car 
resist a growl at the "grumps" lett 
(February, 1966). You are putting out ! 
interesting magazine ! Thank you for tl 
good work. Amanda Sloane, Denve 
Colorado. 

Article sparks punster 

Dear Editor: 

Holy veterinarian, bat-nurse! 

If you ll forgive me for sounding catt 
I m sure that the article "Deserter 
People" (March, 1967, p. 45) didn t mei 
to imply that nurses are for the birds, 
that nursing is going to the dogs. 

The editors are as wise as owls to featu 
some articles on the lighter side of nursin 
Please keep busy as bees producing a jovi 
nal that makes Canadian nurses as proud 
peacocks G. Norens, Ontario. 

Scholarship offered 

Dear Editor, 

The Regina General Hospital School 
Nursing Alumnae is offering a yearly sch 
larship of $500 to active members of tl > 
Alumnae, for postgraduate study in ai 
university school of nursing. Applicants mu 
be actively engaged in nursing and register! 

APRIL 196 



in Saskatchewan. Completed applications 
must be received by May 1st. Application 
form and further information may be ob 
tained from: (Mrs.) Margaret Klassen, 
chairman. Scholarship Committee, 2 Lan- 
gley. Regina, Saskatchewan. 



ill donate journal collection 

Dear Editor, 

I have a complete collection of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE journals from May, 1958, 
to the present. Because of the bulk and 
weight of this collection, I am unable to 
:ontinue storing these valuable journals. 
I would like to donate the collection in 
its entirety to any school of nursing lib 
rary that may require it. (Mrs.) B. Orieux, 
Box 689, Drayton Valley, Alberta. 

Finds journal dull 

Dear Editor, 

It is with considerable misgiving that I 
renew my subscription to your magazine, 
since I find it rather dull and unchallenging. 

I had great hopes for a more vital and 
interesting journal with the changes in 
format a few years ago. Unfortunately, the 
change was only in format the same 
tired articles still appear. Certainly in this 
time of ferment and change in the nursing 
situation one expects this to be reflected 
in the official journal. However, this is 
not the case. 

I will continue with the French edition. 
If I am not to be stimulated on nursing 
topics, at least I can keep up with my 
French. (Mrs.) L.S. McCullogh, Victoria, 
B.C. 

Articles to be reprinted 

Dear Editor: 

I have just read two articles in your pub 
lication which interested me greatly: "LSD 
25 and related substances," by Dr. H. War- 
nes, and "Recent Advances in Heart Sur 
gery," by Drs. Grondin and Meere. 

As Editor of the Bulletin of the Canadian 
Association of Medical Record Librarians, 
I am writing to obtain your permission to 
reprint these articles in issues of our publica 
tion. If you would be kind enough to agree 
to this, I would be most appreciative. 
Joy Dunkley, R.R.L., Toronto, Ont. 

Dear Editor, 

The January, 1967 journal contains three 
articles that I consider could be of great 
interest to nurses in this State. I would be 
most grateful if you would permit me to use 
the following articles in the Queensland 
Nurses Journal: 1. "Intensive care unit in 
cardiovascular surgery," by C. Boisvert, 2. 
"Nursing care in varicose vein surgery," by 
M. Rodrigue, and 3. "Varicose veins of the 
lower limbs," by Dr. Dionne. B. Schultz, 
Executive Secretary, Royal Australian Nurs 
ing Federation (Queensland Branch), Aus 
tralia. r-j 

APRIL 1967 




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news 



How to Solve a Problem 

Getting problems solved is a problem. 
However, directors and assistant directors 
of nursing service will get some aid in ways 
to work through a problem at special re 
gional workshops to be held this spring. 

The Canadian Nurses Association is 
sponsoring four-day workshops to stimulate 
directors and assistant directors of nursing 
to use the problem-solving approach in 
administration. 

This method, used for years in industry 
and business, breaks down the problem into 
steps, each of which can be further divided 
and treated separately. Main steps involve: 
recognition of the real problem (not just 
its manifestations); examination of all fac 
tors; finding possible solutions and deciding 
on the most useful; and implementation 
of the plan and its final evaluation. 

At the Atlantic workshop (Halifax, April 
11-14) Mr. G.A. Hillier, industrial rela 
tions officer, Nova Scotia Light and Power 
Corporation, will be chief speaker and dis 
cussion leader. He will also serve as con 
sultant to delegates when they break into 
smaller work and discussion groups. Miss 
Joan M. Gilchrist, assistant professor, School 
for Graduate Nurses, McGill, will deliver 
the opening address. Her topic will be 
"Nursing Service: Today s Dilemmas." Mrs. 
A. Isobel MacLeod, director of nursing, 
Montreal General Hospital, will give the 
final address. 

At the Pacific workshop (Vancouver, May 
2-5) Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor, 
Faculty of Commerce and Business Ad 
ministration, University of British Columbia, 
will be the chief speaker, discussion leader, 
and consultant. Miss Madge McKillop, as 
sistant administrator of nursing, University 
Hospital, Saskatoon, will deliver the opening 
address. Miss Kathleen Dier, assistant pro 
fessor of nursing, University of Saskatoon, 
will give the closing address. 

Miss Frances Howard, CNA consultant 
in nursing service, is in charge of the work 
shops. 



Out of respect for the memory 
of His Excellency, Governor- 
General Georges P. Vanier, the 
Official Opening of the Head 
quarters of the Canadian Nurses 
Association has been postponed 
until September, 1967. 



CNA Board Appoints President 




Sister Mary Felicitas was appointed President of the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation at the biannual Board of Directors meeting March 15 to 17, 1967. 
The new President will serve for the balance of the term that would have been 
served by Dr. Katherine E. MacLaggan who died in February. Sister Mary 
Felicitas, elected President-elect by acclamation at the CNA 33rd General 
Meeting in July, 1966, is Director of the School of Nursing at St. Mary s 
Hospital, Montreal. She is a graduate of Providence Hosptal, Moose Jaw, 
Saskatchewan, and holds a B.Sc. degree from the University of Ottawa, and 
an M.Sc. from the Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. 



World Health Day 

World Health Day, April 7, marks the 
anniversary of the establishment of the 
world Health Organization in 1948. Each 
year on World Health Day, WHO uses a 
theme to draw attention to a health ques 
tion important to the world. 

For 1967, the theme is "Partners in 
Health." It calls attention to career oppor 
tunities in health and to the world s serious 
shortage of health personnel. 

"When we look at the state of fhe world s 
health, at the progress which has been made 
and the difficulties yet to be overcome, says 
Dr. M. G. Candau, director-general of 
WHO, "it is clear that the scarcity of 
trained manpower for the health services is 
an urgent problem almost everywhere 
especially in the developing countries." 



APRIL 1967 



"The progress of medical science has 
made teamwork an essential feature of all 
health care," according to Dr. Candau. 
The day of the solitary research worker 
or the single-handed physician providing 
every form of medical care for his patients 
has indeed passed. 

"The team is the most efficient instru 
ment for combining the efforts of health 
workers with different skills and experience 
for the greater benefit of the individual 
patient, or for the health care of the com 
munity. 

"Teams vary in size and complexity. They 
range from the group of a dozen highly 
specialized individuals performing the 
amazing operations of heart surgery, to 
the three or four health workers with sim 
ple skills who, based on a rural health post, 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



look after the health needs of a widely- 
spread population of 5,000 or more. 

"Each of these two teams so different 
in training and interests is composed of 
individuals who share a single purpose. 
They are partners in a common undertaking, 
and on World Health Day 1967 these "Part 
ners in Health" are justly honored." 

"Instant" Librarians? 

Non-professional librarians working in 
schools of nursing will receive assistance 
from workshops sponsored by the Cana 
dian Nurses Association. A program has 
been drafted and individual subject out 
lines are in preparation. It is expected that 
the first workshop will be held in August 
or September. 1967. 

"The workshop cannot produce instant 
librarians, but will outline the elements of 
library organization and service, and assist 
non-professional personnel to direct their 
efforts to provide better service," says Mar 



garet Parkin, CNA Librarian and consultant 
for the workshops. 

As nursing education gradually moves 
out of hospital schools into the general 
education system, nursing library facilities 
will probably become part of collections of 
health science literature. Hospitals also 
will tend to centralize library facilities for 
medical, nursing, dietary, therapy, and other 
staffs. 

Provision of these central library facilities 
will help to overcome problems, such as 
depth and range of the materials, now faced 
in small nursing collections. Users will 
have access to larger and better collections, 
and, at the same time, nursing sections will 
be larger and better covered as the total 
nursing budget will be directed to nursing 
materials. The institutional library may also 
be able to afford professional librarians to 
organize material and provide service. 

"These centralized services are still in the 
future, however," says Miss Parkin. "The 
present workshops aim to help in the exist 
ing situation. Good library services are es 
sential to quality nursing education, re 
search, and practice, and we must do our 
best to provide them under present condi 
tions of staff and budgets." 



Macmillan Award Winner for 1966 




Joan Kathleen Oswald, a third-year student at St. Joseph s School of Nursing in Vic 
toria, B.C., is first-prize winner of the Macmillan Comprehensive Nursing Care Studies 
Competition for 1966. The theme of her study was "Care of a Patient with Aneurysm 
of the Internal Carotid." She is congratulated by Sister Mary Ronalda, Director 
of St. Joseph s School of Nursing. Second-prize winner was Rochelle Sirois, a student 
at the Edmonton General Hospital School of Nursing. The Competition, sponsored for 
the past 12 years by The Macmillan Company of Canada, ended December 31, 1966. 



8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Ad Hoc Committee 
on Accreditation Meets 

Accreditation for Canadian nursing schools 
- Who would do it? What would it cost? 
When could it start? Is it really practical? 
These are the questions facing the Ad 
Hoc Committee on Accreditation appointed 
for the 1966-68 Biennium by the Board oi 
Directors of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion. The first meeting of the Committee, 
under chairman Sister Denise Lefebvre, was 
held at CNA House late in February. The 
six members reviewed past activities that 
led to the committee s establishment and 
have prepared recommendations to go be 
fore the Board at its mid-March meeting. 

Terms of reference as laid down by the 
Board ask the committee to blueprint the 
technical aspects of accreditation. 

Nursing Homes Institute 
Hears New Regulations 

Reading of the new regulations, spelling 
out the requirement of the Nursing Homes 
Act passed by the Ontario legislature last 
June, provided a dramatic finish to the 
Institute on Nursing Home Care held Feb 
ruary 21-22 in Toronto. 

Dr. Norman Angel, physician in charge 
of the chronic care program of the Depart 
ment of Health (Ontario) told delegates to 
the two-day meeting that the new Regula 
tions aim to provide an even level of care 
across the province. The department of 
health will now license all nursing homes. 

The new Regulations provide minimal 
standards, and are particularly concerned 
with fire safety, sleeping accommodation ar 
rangements (including space, light, venti 
lation), advisory medical and dental supervi 
sion, and quality and quantity of nursing care. 

The Regulations, which had been tabled 
by the government just prior to the meeting, 
were read to delegates as there had not 
been sufficient time to have copies published. 

Walter Lyons, associate administrator of 
the Baycrest Hospital and Jewish Home for 
the Aged, Toronto, was Keynote speaker. 
"It is the staff, and not the residents, who set 
the tone in an institution," he said. "If the 
institution is clean, quiet, orderly and deadly 
boring, it is not because the residents or 
patients need it that way or bring it about." 

Demonstrations on patient reactivation, 
discussions and symposiums on medication 
and dental problems among the aged, liabil 
ity insurance, hospital-nursing home relation 
ships, and the role of registered nurses in 
nursing homes were also part of the 1967 
Institute. 

Co-sponsors of the second annual insti 
tute were the Associated Nursing Homes 
Incorporated of Ontario, the Registered 
Nurses Association of Ontario, the Ontario 
Dental Association, the Ontario Hospital 
Association, the Ontario Medical Association, 
and the Ontario Welfare Council. 

APRIL 1967 



news 



Collective Bargaining 
Coast to Coast 

At the Canadian Nurses Association So 
cial and Economic Welfare Committee meet 
ing held in Ottawa February 27-28, seven 
provincial nurses associations reported that 
some 176 units are now bargaining collec 
tively for their members. 

From British Columbia, where the 
RNABC has been the collective bargaining 
agent for its members for over 20 years, to 
New Brunswick, where the NBARN recently 
participated in voluntary negotiations with 
the government for the first time, collective 
bargaining is gaining momentum across the 
nation. 

A 1966 amendment to the Alberta Regis 
tered Nurses Act allows the AARN to act 
as bargaining agent for its members. 

In Saskatchewan, where nurses have -no 
collective bargaining rights, the SRNA has 
drafted a nurses collective bargaining bill 
for presentation to the provincial legislature. 

Over 1,200 Ontario nurses, with assistance 
from the RNAO. are now organized for col 
lective bargaining. 

In Quebec, over 6,000 French-speaking 
nurses are members of bargaining units and 
two new groups of nurses have recently 
been formed, one under the aegis of Dis- 
tric 11 ANPQ. 

NBARN negotiated a 20 percent salary 
increase for New Brunswick nurses in March 
1967, raising the starting salaries of gen 
eral staff nurses from $3,720 to $4,476 an 
nually by 1968. 

The ANPEI held a collective bargaining 
workshop in January and will distribute ma 
terial at the district level to pave the way 
for collective bargaining in Prince Edward 
Island. 

Campaign Against Measles 

A mass immunization campaign against 
measles is currently underway by the Sas 
katchewan Department of Public Health. 

Started in October, 1966, the program 
was originally offered to all children bet 
ween one and three years. The age group 
was extended to all preschoolers in Decem 
ber. 

Only one injection is required. Measles 
Virus Vaccine, Live, Attenuated (Schwartz 
Strain) is used. Children may experience 
febrile reactions and general malaise, but 
serious side effects are rare. 

As the majority of children over one 
year have previously had immunization 
against diptheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, 
and smallpox, the measles vaccine is usual 
ly given alone, but there is no contraindica- 
APRIL 1967 




Chairman of the Committee on Social and Economic Welfare, Evelyn Hood (right), and 
Ontario Committee member, Margaret R. Page, take a few minutes during a coffee break 
to compare provincial labor legislation. The Committee met in Ottawa February 27-28. 



tion to giving DPT and measles vaccine 
together. 

"The Saskatchewan Department of Pub 
lic Health recommends that all children 
who have not had measles should receive 
the vaccine," says Miss E. Louise Miner, 
director, nursing division. 

The Saskatchewan program is believed 
to be the only one in Canada at the present 
time. 

Laval Opens School of Nursing 

Laval University has announced the es 
tablishment of a university program in 
nursing. 

The school will be known as "L ecole 
des sciences infirmieres," and for the pre 
sent will be under the faculty of medicine. 
It will offer a bachelor program com 
mencing in September 1967 and from Sep 
tember 1968, a master s program. 

The bachelor s program will take three 
years (six semesters). Practical experience 
under the direction of the school will be 
integrated throughout the course. The pro 
gram will include courses given in other 
departments of the University. 

The master s program will prepare can 
didates for specialization in the clinical 
field. It will take two years. Doctoral pro 
grams will be determined later. 

Candidates interested in teaching will take 
courses in educational psychology offered 
by the college of education. 

The number of candidates will be limited. 
Those who wish to enter the baccalaure 
ate program must have a diploma from an 
institute or general college with prerequisite 
options suited to nursing, or equivalent 
preparation. Specific options will be decided 



by the school based on the institute pro 
grams when the latter are known (April 
1967 at the latest). Diploma nurses must 
make up any required subjects, based on 
individual evaluation of their applications. 

Candidates for the master s degree must 
possess a bachelor of science in nursing 
as well as other prerequisites to be deter 
mined when the program is established. 

Most schools of nursing in the eastern 
Quebec region are affiliated with Laval 
University. These schools and any post- 
diploma courses eventually will be directed 
by a Board separate from the Laval School. 

Red Cross Bursary 
For Ontario RN 

A $1,000 bursary is being offered again 
this year to graduate nurses in Ontario, by 
The Canadian Red Cross Society, Ontario 
Division. The purpose of the Award is to 
enable a nurse to undertake further prepa 
ration in nursing at the degree level. 

The successful candidate will be selected 
on the basis of training, nursing experience, 
and leadership qualities. The applicant s antic 
ipated contribution to nursing in Ontario 
will be considered. 

Interested nurses should write to Dr. 
Helen McArthur, The Canadian Red Cross 
Society, 95 Wellesley Street East, Toronto 5, 
for application forms and further infor 
mation. Applications must be submitted be 
fore May 1, 1967. 

The winner of the 1966 bursary, Miss 
Marjorie Wallington, is presently completing 
studies toward her master s degree in psy 
chiatric nursing at Boston University, Bos 
ton, Massachusetts. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



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news 



Public Health Nurses 
Sign Contract 

The Nurses Association Peel County 
Health Unit recently signed a collective 
agreement with County officials, effective 
for one year: January I, 1 967 to December 
31, 1967. 

The Peel County contract is the first 
to be negotiated by public health nurses 
after certification (March, 1966) by the 
Labour Relations Board. Ontario county 
nurses secured their contract in May, 1966, 
by voluntary employer recognition of their 
Association, without certification. 

Under the Peel County contract, public 
health nurses receive increases ranging from 
$650 to $850 per year, and registered nurses, 
from $400 to $800. Minimum salary for a 
public health nurse is raised from $4,700 
to $5,350 and maximum from $5,700 to 
$6,550. Minimum for a registered nurse is 
raised from $4,400 to $4,800 and maximum 
from $5,000 to $5,800. Annual increments 
for public health nurses are $300 and for 
registered nurses $250. 

Vacations under the contract will be three 
weeks after one year s service and four 
weeks after seven years. Two years ago, 
vacations of 18 working days per year were 
unilaterally reduced to two weeks after one 
year, three weeks after ten years, and four 
weeks after 20 years. 

The provincial civil service scale for car 
allowance has been adopted: 14<S per mile 
for the first 5,000 miles per year; 7tf per 
mile for the next 5,000 miles, and 5<! per 
mile over 10,000 miles. Nurses driving less 
than 350 miles per month will receive a 
minimum of $50 per month. 

Mrs. Sharon Down and Miss Luce Teunis- 
sen represented the Nurses Association Peel 
County Health Unit during negotiations, 
assisted by RNAO s Director and Associate 
Director of Employment Relations, Mr. L. 
B. Sharpe and Miss K.R. Lewis. 

The Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario announced that grey-listing of Peel 
County, effective since negotiations broke 
down last November, has now been re 
moved. The grey-listing of Halton County 
and the United Counties of Stormont, Dun- 
das and Glengarry remains in effect. 

Bilingual Regional School 
For Ottawa 

A new bilingual school of nursing is soon 
to be established for the Ottawa region. 
As in all other regional nursing schools in 
Ontario, the school will be under the Ontario 
Department of Health and receive federal 
financial assistance. The program and organ 
ization will be subject to approval by the 
Ontario College of Nurses. The budget will 



be controlled by the Board of Administra 
tion of the school, subject to approval by the 
Ontario Hospital Services Commission. 

The regional schools program is of two 
years duration followed by an internship 
year; it is a transitional program between 
the present hospital diploma program and 
the two-year program to be offered in re 
gional and independent schools which is 
proposed for 1975. At that time, it is pro 
posed that all hospital-run schools will be 
closed. 

With the exception of the school at 
the Ottawa Civic Hospital, hospital 
schools in Ottawa will no longer accept 
students when the new school opens. Stu 
dents of the new school will receive prac 
tical experience in the other hospitals, how 
ever. Ottawa General, Perley, St. Vincent, 
Grace, St. Louis Marie de Monfort, and 
Riverside Hospitals will provide student 
experience. 

A 14-member committee, comprised of 
two representatives from each of these 
hospitals, was formed in May, 1966. Colonel 
Laval Fortier, chairman, said that the com 
mittee is looking for a bilingual director 
and is studying possible locations for the 
school facilities. The school is expected to 
open in the fall of 1968. 

The new school will have room for 200 
students each year. It is expected, however, 
that admissions will be less for the first 
few years. 

Apply Now For 
UVVO Senior Seminar 

The University of Western Ontario 
School of Nursing in London will still 
accept a limited number of applications for 
its Seminar For Senior Nursing Executives, 
June 12-23, 1967. This seminar is provided 
for nurses in senior positions in hospitals, 



Tough 



The 900 people who have 
joined Canadian University 
Service Overseas took on a 
tough job. Long hours. Little 
money. But the reward was 
in the response of people 
eager to help themselves. 
Now it s your turn. Write 
CUSO, 151 Slater Street, 
Ottawa. 

CUSO 

The Canadian Peace Corps 

APRIL 1967 



news 



schools of nursing, public health agencies 
and professional organizations. 

There are no academic requirements. The 
course is designed to benefit both nurses 
who have completed university studies and 
those who have not. 

"Meals on Wheels" 
For Shut-Ins 

Disabled and elderly persons in many 
cities in Canada now can remain independ 
ent, even though unable to cook hot meals 
for themselves. 

"Meals on Wheels," a team effort of 
local VON branches, women s organiza 
tions, and hospitals, provides hot meals to 
persons of any age who are confined to 
their homes. This is neither a charitable nor 
a catering service. Its main objective is to 
allow persons to be independent. 

In Brockville. Ontario, for example, the 
"Meals on Wheels" service is jointly spon 
sored by the VON, the Brockville General 
Hospital, and the May Court Club. Hot 
noon meals are served three days a week 
to 10 shut-ins. The VON supplies the 
names of persons requiring the meals, and 
the Brockville General Hospital kitchen 
staff prepare the food and pack it in air 
tight containers. The meals are then deliver 
ed by members of the May Court Club, 
and arrive "piping hot" at their destination. 

"Meals on Wheels" provides not only a 
hot, substantial meal to the shut-in, but a 
cheery visit from the woman who delivers it. 

Narcotic Treatment Center 

Dr Jacques Naiman, director of the out 
patient psychiatric clinic at the Jewish 
General Hospital in Montreal, and profes 
sor in psychiatry at McGill University, has 
described a new research and treatment 
center for drug addicts. 

Speaking to a group at the annual study 
day, he said that the center has spent 
some time studying techniques of treating 
the narcotic addict. The center permits 
addicts to be admitted during the with 
drawal period and works with them. Social 
assistance agencies assist in the rehabilit 
ation program. This represents the only 
trial of this kind in the province, and the 
only other similar centers of this type are 
in Toronto and Vancouver. 

Treatment in the center is with metha- 
done, a derivative of morphine, which al 
leviates the withdrawal symptoms, but is 
less addicting. To help calm the patient, 
a tranquilizer, such as Librium, may be 
used to help return the patient to a useful 
life. 

The center also utilizes Cyclazocine, a 
non-narcotic medication that counteracts 
APRIL 1967 




A Hot Meal at Noon. In Brockville, Ontario, the "Meals on Wheels" service delivers a 
hot, mid-day meal three days each week to Mr. and Mrs. William Francis. The elderly 
couple keep house for themselves, but find the preparation of a dinner too much of an 
effort. Consequently, the VON recommended "Meals on Wheel". Here, Mr. and Mrs. 
Francis are about to enjoy the meal that has been delivered by Mrs. J.R. Anstis, of the 
May Court Club. Miss Jeannette Funke, VON nurse in charge of the local branch, 
looks on. The meals are prepared at Brockville General Hospital. 



the effects of heroin even injections 
five times the normal dose. 

The center, whose main objective is 
research, hopes to obtain financial aid 
from the Quebec Office for the Prevention 
and Treatment of Alcoholism and Drug 
Addiction. This would permit the est 
ablishment of a laboratory to aid in rapid 
and economical detection of narcotic bar 
biturate and amphetamine addicts. 

New School and Residence 
Facilities For Brandon 

A new $1,500,000 school of nursing and 
residence unit for Brandon General Hospi 
tal is scheduled to start this spring. The 
new facilities will accomodate 170 student 
nurses, double the present number. 

The new 8-story residence is adjacent to a 
two-story school facility with an ad 
joining link. When completed, the building 
will house classrooms, a lecture theatre, 
offices, a library, an auditorium, a gym 
nasium, and recreation and lounge faci 
lities. 



The school of nursing is the only one 
in Brandon, and one of seven hospital 
schools in the province. 

Construction will start this spring and 
is expected to be completed by 1968. 

Design Frees Nurses 
To Nurse 

There are no shelves in the service rooms, 
no linen cupboards, and no one runs down 
to pharmacy for a slat medication. Modern 
supply concepts at the new Riverside Hospi 
tal of Ottawa are designed to keep nurses 
nursing. 

The new acute-care general hospital has 
309 beds, 56 bassinets, and 21 service beds 
for labor, recovery, and emergency care. 

A five-floor "patient tower" rises above 

the two-floor "service platform." The lower 

floors contain the service areas: kitchen and 

cafeteria, pharmacy, stores, central supply 

area, central sterilizing room, laundry, and 

employee locker-rooms are located on the 

first level; administrative offices, emergency 

(Continued on page 13) 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 







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consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
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able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 

And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
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news 



(Continued from page 11) 

services, x-ray, laboratory, physiotherapy, 
and the O.R., recovery rooms and intensive 
care suite are on ground level. 

The service facilities deliver all supplies 
directly to patient areas. Medical supplies 
usually found in service room cupboards are 
delivered by interchangeable large carts, 
which are left on the unit for 24 hours then 
returned to central supply for checking and 
restocking. Linen supplies are handled the 
same way. Additionnal supplies or special 
equipment are delivered from central supply 
by means of a tray-conveyor which automat 
ically routes the material to the correct loca 
tion. Soiled materials are returned to a 
special decontaminating and cleaning area 
by trayveyor. 

All wards and departments are connected 
by pneumatic tube systems; this permits 
rapid transportation of messages, charts, and 
small supplies to and from laboratory, x-ray 
and pharmacy, for instance. 

The hospital design is planned to improve 
service to the patient by freeing nurses from 
non-nursing duties for bedside care. This 
centralized system of distribution of mate- 




Service room supply and linen carts are loaded in central despatch area for removal to 
wards every 24 hours at the new Riverside Hospital of Ottawa. 



rials and supplies makes use of the so-called 
"Friesen Concept," developed by Gordon A. 
Friesen International of Washington, D.C., 
hospital architects and planners. 

Miss Velma M. Moffat, director of nurs 
ing, is delighted with the physical facilities 
of the new hospital. "We feel that nurses 
are really free to nurse," she says. "Further, 



we are trying to emphasize this concept even 
more on the wards." There is a trained 
medical secretary for each nurses station. 
She handles all routine paperwork, all calls 
and orders. "It was difficult to get nurses 
to trust her at first," says Miss Moffatt, 
"but she is now seen as an indispensible 
member of the team." 



Facts about Turnover Rate: 2 








D pri Cf"(> |*pfj The turnover rate is a ratio of leavers to stayers. In 1964, the turnover rate 
. . ^ for full-time head nurses in public general hospitals in Canada was 18 percent, 
I ^l U jC3 III nursing supervisors 14 percent, and nursing directors 16 percent. 


Canada 








Percent 








Source: Research Unit, 50 














Association, 1966 40 










nurcincr ciinorvicnrc 
















nursing 


directors 




20 


^ / 


\ 






/ 


x 




/ 




A 


"-"^ ^< 






-7^- 






^r f ,. 






-*< 


f* 




rv^^:::: 


" 


10 




















1 10 25 50- 100- 200 300- 500- 1000 + 


9 24 49 99 199 299 499 999 


SIZE OF HOSPITAL ( Number of beds ) 









APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



DIENHART: 



New! Ready May 



BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY 
and PHYSIOLOGY 

By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D. 
Illustrated by Steven P. Gigliotti 

Here is an entirely new textbook 
(not an abridgment of a larger 
text) designed for practical nurs 
ing students and paramedical 
personnel. It will set a new stan 
dard of clarity, conciseness, and 
completeness. Dr. Dienhart ex 
plains human anatomy and phy 
siology in an outstandingly clear 
and logical way, covering each 
organ system in turn. Important 
structures are shown in nearly 
200 illustrations, eight pages of 
which are in full color. Each 
chapter begins with an outline 
and ends with a summary and 
review questions. References and 
a glossary augment the value of 
this text. 
About 288 pp., illust. 

About $4.75. 

New Edition! Ready May 
BOOKMILLER, BOWEN & 
CARPENTER: 

OBSTETRICS AND 

OBSTETRIC NURSING 

By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., George 
Loveridge Bowen, A.B., M.D., and Dolores 
Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A. 

In a completely updated New 
(5th) Edition, this respected text 
remains notably clear, complete, 
and graphic while incorporating 
new information on such current 
topics as amniocentesis, intraute- 
rine transfusion, and the post- 
maturity syndrome. The history 
and fundamentals of obstetrics 
are presented first, followed by 
a detailed description of nursing 
care during normal labor and 
delivery and the puerperium. 
Then possible complications are 
discussed and the nursing re 
quirements of the neonate are 
described. 
About 650 pp., illust. 

About $9.25. 




In full color 
in Dienhart s 
Anatomy 







New! Ready April 
KOZIER & DU GAS: 

FUNDAMENTALS 

OF PATIENT CARE 

By Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N., B.A., 
B.S.N., M.N., and flever/y Witter Du Gas, 
R.N., B.S., M.N. 

Ideally suited to either the diplo 
ma or baccalaureate program, 
this new text emphasizes nursing 
fundamentals rather than tech 
niques, thus preparing the stu 
dent to understand the proce 
dures she will learn in her clini 
cal training. Major sections cover 
the history and fundamentals of 
nursing; needs common to all pa 
tients, such as hygiene, nutrition, 
and safety; and specific needs of 
patients with certain types of dis 
orders (e.g. respiratory problems, 
fever, pain). The problem-solving 
approach is stressed, with typical 
"study situations" given for re 
view, after each chapter. 
About 375 pp., illust. 

About $7.00. 



KRON: 



New January 1967! 





COMMUNICATION IN 

NURSING 

By Thora Kron, R.N., B.S. 

This new book by the author of 
Nursing Team Leadership is a 
practical guide to a vitally im 
portant but often neglected as 
pect of nursing care the tech 
nique of good communication. It 
gives you a wealth of how-to-do 
it information: How to write an 
effective memorandum; How to 
give a demonstration; How to 
make a speech; How to write an 
article (on any subject); How to 
use the telephone effectively; 
How to be a good listener. Non 
verbal communication is recog 
nized, too, and its importance 
explained. 
244 pp., illust. 

$4.05 Jan. 1967 



Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and London 
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD. 

1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7. 



14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



news 



Alcoholism Problems 
Probed by Nurses 

In Ontario, the incidence of alcoholism 
has more than doubled in the past 15 years. 
A survey taken in 1951 revealed an estimat 
ed 48,878 alcoholics in the province. Today 
the figure has mushroomed alarmingly to 
100,000. 

The nurse s role in this growing health 
problem was examined during a three-day 
conference at Geneva Park, Lake Couchi- 
ching, Ontario, February 27 to March 2. 

The conference, set up to study "Alco 
holism Social Stress and Harmful De 
pendence," was co-sponsored by the Alco 
holism and Drug Addiction Research Foun 
dation (ADARF). the Donwood Foundation, 
the Registered Nurses Association of On 
tario, the Ontario Hospital Association, and 
the provincial medical and public health 
associations. 

Almost 100 nurses and delegates attended 
the three-day conference to listen to guest 
lecturers R. Gordon Bell, executive director 
of the Donwood Foundation; R. Margaret 
Cork, research associate, ADARF; and Rob 
ert J. Gibbins, associate research director. 
Psychological Studies, ADARF. 

Group discussions on all aspects of alco 
holism took up the balance of time allotted 
to the conference, with members of Alco 
holics Anonymous and Al-Anon (a fellow 
ship for relatives and friends of problem 
drinkers) on hand to offer personal exper 
iences. 

Will Power No Answer 

"Addiction is too strong to be controlled 
by will power alone," said Dr. Bell in his 
opening address. "If you. as nurses, can get 




Gordon Patrick of ADARF chats with Dr. Gordon Bell, executive director of the 
Donwood Foundation, during a break at Conference on Alcoholism. 



this into your minds... then you will be able 
to help." 

Dr. Bell traced the process of alcohol 
addiction from the predisposing factors to 
the consequences -- physical, mental and 
social of an uncontrolled desire to drink. 

"The first drink is often the most im 
portant," he said. Individuals "who get sick 
at the smell of the cork obviously do not 
have the physical ability to enjoy alcohol 
in harmful quantities. However, drinking to 
relieve anxiety, depression, loneliness or 
boredom can result in the acquired desire 
to drink for the sake of drinking," he ex 
plained. As it becomes more and more ne 
cessary for an addict to obtain alcohol, he 
resorts to solitary drinking, hiding his sup 
ply, and covering up his habit. 

"Alcoholics are the prime manipulators in 




Emphasis was on group discussion at the Nursing Conference on Alcoholism. Here, Lionel 
Sands, Robert Schick, Sandra Doubt, Helen Campbell and chairman Cecile King discuss 
a patient history. Following discussion, individual groups met to compare findings. 

APRIL 1967 



the community and nurses who don t know 
this may find themselves being skillfully 
manipulated," he warned. 

According to Dr. Bell, the most signif 
icant of recent advances in the treatment 
of alcoholics is the official recognition of 
addiction as a physical disease. "Now that 
it is recognized as a treatable problem, part 
of the stigma attached to the disease may 
fade," he said. 

Prevalence of Alcoholism 

Statistics on alcoholics were presented by 
Dr. Robert Gibbins in his address "Pre 
valence of Alcoholism in Ontario." 

He noted that the highest rate of alco 
holism occurs in the unskilled labor cate 
gory and the lowest rate, in professional 
and technical people. 

Leading cause of death among alcoholics 
surveyed was cardiovascular disease, which 
accounted for 55 percent of the deaths, ac 
cording to Dr. Gibbins. He pointed out, 
however, that this figure does not distin 
guish alcoholic population from general 
population. Accidents, second largest killer 
among alcoholics, accounted for 16 percent, 
"a rate significantly higher than in the ge 
neral population," he said. 

Rig/it Attitude Essential 

In her address "Those People the Alco 
holic Affects," Margaret Cork, of the Add 
iction Research Foundation, said: "The most 
obvious, long-range, indirect role of nurses 
is that of strengthening family life." 

Miss Cork, who presently is engaged in 
a study of 104 children of alcoholics, report 
ed that "almost all of the children expressed 
the opinion that the parental fighting and 
quarrelling, the hurting and meanness, rather 
than the drinking, troubled them the most." 

"Might not the nurse," she asked, "be 

the person to start or support informal 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



community team work to work together 
in a new way to rehabilitate the alcoholic 
and his family?" 

Essential to the role of the nurse are 
the attitudes she shares with her peers, 
friends, colleagues, and family. "All too 
often." Miss Cork pointed out, "she has 
one set of attitudes and values when work 
ing with alcoholics, and another for the 



party she may be at, where she talks in 
such a way as to demean or belittle the 
idcoholic. I know of no other illness where 
negative feelings and attitudes can so read 
ily color or affect our ability to be truly 
helpful." 

Miss Cork stressed that any help for the 
alcoholic and his family will depend on 
a knowledge and understanding of alco 
holism. "Particularly for prevention - - it 
will depend on how early we recognize that 
there are problems within the family s rela 
tionships, and some unhealthy aspects with 
in the functioning of family members." 



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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Inside Story from A A Members 

"The alcoholic does not want to be 
shielded from his problem, but he does not 
want to be looked down upon, either," 
explained Marie, one of four members from 
Alcoholics Anonymous who provided an 
inside look at the problems of addiction. 

Sid and George, two other members, des 
cribed their reactions to people who tried 
to help them with their problem. "I didn t 
think I was an alcoholic," explained Sid. 
"I really resented anyone who interfered 
with my freedom when drinking." 

George, too, claimed to be unaware of 
his drinking problem. Asked by the audience 
how he finally recognized his problem, he 
said: "I was given an explanation of alcohol 
in a clear way. This is what the alcoholic 
needs the power of simplicity." 

Their advice to the nurses was "... Any 
one interested should have the courage to 
confront a person with his problem and 
offer to take him to a clinic or AA meet 
ing. You must go to meetings yourselves 
and learn what it is all about. Then you 
can invite the alcoholic to accompany you." 

Alberta Hospitals Close Wards: 
Blame Shortage of Nurses 

The University Hospital in Edmonton has 
closed three wards, containing 104 beds, be 
cause of shortage in nursing staff. The 
wards have been closed since Christmas. 

Miss M. G. Purcell, director of nursing, 
said that another 41 nurses were needed 
before the wards could be put into service, 
and that a three-month orientation program 
for staff recruited from overseas is in opera 
tion to help attract foreign nurses. 

The nursing shortage in Alberta seems 
to be a chronic situation. Last summer two 
Calgary hospitals also closed wards because 
of a lack of nursing personnel. 

Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, research 
director of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion, commented on the increasing short 
ages. "In 1966, 562 nurses graduated from 
Alberta s nursing diploma programs. This 
was a drop of 13 from the previous year. 

"In 1966, the Alberta Registered Nurses 
Association granted initial registration to 
633 Alberta graduates and initial registra 
tion to 655 out-of-province graduates. In 
1965, 166 nurses came from foreign coun 
tries and 107 in 1964, an increase of 59." 

Chicoutimi Nurses 
Finally Get Contract 

Registered nurses at the Hotel-Dieu Saint- 
Vallier in Chicoutimi, Quebec, obtained a 
new wage contract at the beginning of Fe 
bruary. They were represented by the Syndi- 
cat des infirmieres catholiques (SPIC) (Syn 
dicate of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) in the 
negotiations. 

The 41 other groups of nurses affiliated 
with SPIC had renewed their contracts in 
November, 1966. However, at the Hotel- 

APRIL 1967 



news 



Dieu Saint-Vallier the signing of the con 
tract had been delayed because the Alliance 
representing nurses affiliated with the 
Confederation of National Trade Unions 
(CNTU) had contested the representation 
by SPIC. The Alliance questioned, before 
the Labor Relations Board, the vote taken 
by SPIC members in February, 1966. The 
CNTU demand was rejected, however, and 
SPIC is the single negotiating agent for 
nurses at 1 Hotel-Dieu Saint-Vallier. 

Gift Helps Cancer Detection 

A $25,000 gift presented to the Cancer 
Detection Clinic of Women s College Hos 
pital, Toronto, by Eli Lilly and Company, 
will be used to administer a new test for 
cancer. The gift was presented by William 
D. Cairns, President of Eli Lilly and Com 
pany (Canada) Limited to Dr. Henrietta 
Banting, Director of the Clinic, and was 
given in memory of her late husband, Dr. 
Frederick Banting, the co-discoverer of in 
sulin. 

Lady Banting said that the fund would 
be used "to extend the service in cancer 
detection to include examinations which we 
have not been able to provide in the past." 

In its program of check-ups for well 
people, the Clinic will perform sigmoido- 
scopic examinations to detect malignant and 
premalignant lesions in the lower intestines. 
In addition to the purchase of the necessary 
equipment, the Lilly gift also provides for 
the training of medical and technical per 
sonnel to handle these tests. 

Until now, the Clinic has performed 
examinations mainly for breast, cervical and 
uterine cancers, and has had to refer else 
where suspected cases of malignancy in the 
gastrointestinal tract. 

WHO Investigates Bilharziasis 

The World Health Organization (WHO) is 
sending a four-man research team to West 
ern Nigeria to cooperate in detailed investi 
gations into the disease bilharziasis, a serious 
problem in many parts of Africa. An epide 
miologist, a malacologist, a parasitologist, 
and a laboratory technician will form the 
WHO team. WHO will also supply some 
vehicles, and a certain amount of equip 
ment. 

Bilhariziasis is the third greatest cause 
of sickness in African countries, ranking 
after tuberculosis and malaria. It is a chro 
nic, water-borne disease caused by eggs and 
adult schistosomes (blood flukes), and is 
sometimes called "snail-fever" because of the 
essential part played by certain water-snails 
in passing on the infection. People cannot 
infect each other directly; as in malaria a 
non-human host is necessary for part of the 
cycle. Where there are no snails, or where 

APRIL 1967 



they have been killed off, there can be no 
bilharziasis. 

Treatment for bilharziasis victims should 
be given only under medical supervision. 
Experts agree that further careful studies 
are needed concerning the disease and me 
thods of destroying its snail vectors before 
effective large-scale prevention and control 
will be possible. The problem is all the more 
urgent because bilharziasis tends to invade 
new areas with the development of big 
hydro-electric and irrigation schemes. 

During a first period the team will study 
the prevalence of bilharziasis, especially 
among school children, the life and habits 



of the snail vector, the tiny parasitic worm 
(schistosome) that causes the disease, and 
various factors influencing its continuation 
and spread. 

The project also will seek to establish 
the most effective ways of measuring the 
amount of sickness and number of deaths 
for which bilharziasis is directly or indirect 
ly responsible. 

The precise scientific information that it 
is hoped to obtain will be of the utmost 
value to the many countries throughout the 
world where bilharziasis counts its victims 
by thousands and tens of thousands. Q 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 





New 4th Edition! 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 

The outstanding new edition of this classic text pro 
vides the timely information essential to effective care 
of the patient in medical illness or surgical treatment. 
The most up-to-date text available, it clearly reflects 
current thinking and concepts, with emphasis on pa 
tient care rather than medicine or surgery. In this new 
edition, principles of physiology, anatomy and sociolo 
gy are incorporated as they relate to the care of patients 
of all ages. A new teaching guide is provided instruc 
tors adopting this new edition. 

By KATHLEEN NEWTON SHAFER, R.N., M.A.; JANET R. SAWYER, R.N., 
A.M.; AUDREY M. McCLUSKEY, R.N., M.A.; Sc.M.Hyg.; and EDNA LIFGREN 
BECK, R.N., M.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 4th edition, approx. 860 
pages, 7" x 10", 236 illustrations. About $10.80. 

New 7th Edition! 

TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 

The new edition of this widely adopted text has been 
thoroughly revised and updated to include the latest 
findings in all areas of anatomy and physiology. All 
illustrations in the previous edition were carefully eval 
uated and many were replaced. Of the 336 illustrations 
in this new edition ,210 are new. Of these, 178 were 
done by the noted artist Ernest Beck, as was the new 
full-color Trans-Vision (R) Insert. A helpful teaching 
guide is provided all instructors adopting this text. 

By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Publication date: April, 
1967. 7th edition, approx. 570 pages, 7" x 10". With 336 illustrations of 
which 110 are in color and a Trans-Vision(R) Insert of Human Anatomy 
by ERNEST W. BECK. About $8.40 

New 7th Edition! 

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL 

Presenting a streamlined method for recording results 
of experiments and interpreting these results, the new 
edition of this popular manual includes more physiolo 
gical experiments, more audio-visual aid suggestions 
and chapter outlines and self tests. Superb new illustra 
tions by Ernest Beck have been added. As an addi 
tional aid to the instructor, a new answer book is in 
cluded for her use. 

By CATHERINE PARKER ANTHONY, B.A., M.S., R.N. Illustrated by ERNEST 
W. BECK. Publication date: May, 1967. 7th edition. About $4.05. 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ASK 
YOURSELF 



New 4th Edition! 

CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 

Including Techniques 

Presenting the newest concepts and approaches in care 
of the patient in the operating room, the thoroughly 
revised, superbly illustrated new edition of this popular 
text emphasizes fundamental principles to provide au 
thoritative guidance in all aspects of the nurse s duties 
in surgery. Two new chapters, "Surgery on the Ear" 
and "Ophthalmic Surgery", have been added to this 
new 4th edition. 

By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BURIEY, B.S., 
M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and ROSALIND VALLERI, 
B.S., M.A., R.N. Publication dale: March, 1967. 4th edition, apprax. 810 
pages, 7" x 10", 555 illustration!, 5 in color. About $15.70. 

A New Book! 

TEXTBOOK OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 

This precise, easily understood new text emphasizes 
nursing skills and responsibilities to give a well-bal 
anced picture of the organizational and administrative 
aspects of public health nursing. Completely current 
evaluations are given of such timely public health 
topics as mental health, drug addiction, alcoholism, air 
pollution control and poison and radiation control. 

By ETHEL L. KALLINS, R.N., B.S., M.P.H. Publication date: February, 1967. 
480 pages plus FM I-VIII, 6W x 9W, 57 illustrations. Price, S8.50. 

New 10th Edition! 

PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY 

The revised and updated new edition of this widely 
adopted text is a well-rounded, authoritative presenta 
tion of the fundamentals of inorganic, organic and 
physiologic chemistry for nurses. Practical applications 
of chemistry to nursing are made throughout and new 
chapters are included on: milliequivalents; nucleopro- 
teins and nucleic acids; electrolyte balance; water bal 
ance; acid-base balance; biochemistry of genetics. 

By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 10th edition, 
approx. 412 pages, 6 3 /i" x 9V>", 55 illustrations, 3 in color. About S7.50. 

New 5th Edition! 

A LABORATORY GUIDE IN CHEMISTRY 

The updated new edition of this popular manual pre 
sents 65 exercises in inorganic, organic and physiologic 
chemistry for nurses and includes new exercises on 
ionization and thin-layer chromotography. It easily 
adapts to use with any up-to-date required text. 

By JOSEPH H. ROE, Ph.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 5th edition, 
approx. 240 pages, 5Vz" x 8 1 2", 12 illustrations, 2 color plates, figures 
A to L. About $4.05. 

APRIL 1967 



Are your present textbooks 
keeping pace with the high 
standards of your curriculum? 



A New Book. 

AN ATLAS OF NURSING TECHNIQUES 

This unique supplementary text provides the only pic 
torial presentation available of nursing techniques. 
Step-by-step illustrations clearly show actual techniques 
and concise discussions give reasons and guiding prin 
ciples involved. Emphasis is on principles and pur 
poses rather than body systems or diseases and on 
nursing action rather than equipment. 

By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N , B.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 
Approx. 248 pages, 7" x 10", 113 illustration!. About $8.10. 

A New Book! 

PRINCIPLES OF OBSTETRICS AND 
GYNECOLOGY FOR NURSES 

This easy-to-understand new text utilizes a concise, 
fundamental approach to provide an understanding of 
the foundations, theory and clinical nursing practice 
that concerns fetal development, delivery, gynecologic 
complications and pathology. The fundamental con 
cepts and principles necessary for understanding the 
basics of nursing the mother and the child are clearly 
defined. 

By JOSEPHINE IORIO, R.N., B.S., M.A. Publication date: May, 1967. 
Approx. 332 pages, 6 J /4" x 9W, 75 illustrations. About $7.40. 



A New Book! 

WORKBOOK FOR GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING 

The only up-to-date workbook available in this area, 
this new manual combines the psychological and patho- 
physiological aspects of clinical nursing. Emphasizing 
the psychologic aspects of gynecologic nursing through 
a situation-type, problem-solving approach to the nurs 
ing-learning situation, it helps the student understand 
how she must meet the emotional needs of the patient 
as well as her physical needs. A helpful answer book 
is provided instructors using this workbook. 

By CONSTANCE LERCH, R.N., B.S. (Ed.); and JOANNE K. WAGNER, R.N., 
B.S. (Nurs.). Publication date: January, 1967. 121 pages plus FM I-X, 
7/2" x 10V2", 6 illustrations. Perforated and punched. Price, $3.80. 




New 2nd Edition! 

PSYCHOLOGY 

The Nurse and the Patient 

Presenting its subject in greater depth than ever before, 
the new 2nd edition of this highly readable text clearly 
shows the student how to relate psychological principles 
to daily experiences in the classroom, in the hospital 
and in her everyday living. All the latest views and 
concepts have been presented and an entirely new 
chapter has been added on sensation. 

By ROBERT V. HECKEL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D.; and ROSE M. JORDAN, B.S., 
R.N. Publication date: January, 1967. 2nd edition, 344 pages plus FM 
I-XVIII, 6 /2" x 9V2", 88 illustrations. Price, $8.10. 

New 4th Edition! 

A HANDBOOK AND CHARTING MANUAL 
FOR STUDENT NURSES 

The new 4th edition of this unique handbook provides 
students with the additional help they may need in 
arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, study habits and read 
ing, hand-writing and printing and personal appear 
ance. In this new edition, the material on fundamentals 
of charting has been completely updated to include the 
latest accepted methods and concepts. 

By ALICE L. PRICE, R.N., M.A. .Publication date: January, 1967. 4th 
edition, 211 pages plus FM I-X, BVi" x 11", 50 illustrations. Price, $5.30. 

New 7th Edition! 

SELF-TEACHING TESTS 

IN ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES 

The thoroughly updated new edition of this popular 
manual of self-instruction provides the simplest, most 
direct approach to basic arithmetic and its application 
to problems in dosages and solutions. In this new edi 
tion, all drugs are labeled by both generic and trade 
names and an illustrated explanation of the various 
types of syringes, calibrations and comparisons of 
units of measure is included. Pretests and achievement 
tests are also included. An answer book is provided for 
the student s use. 

By RUTH W. JESSEE, R.N., Ed.D. Publication date: March, 1967. 7th 
edition, approx. 195 pages, 7 V x 10 2", 21 illustrations. About S3. 20. 



THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD, 

86 North-line Road Toronto 16, Ontario 




Publishers 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



names 




The University of 
Ottawa was the third 
stop for Duanpen 
Chatikanand, from 
Thailand, during her 
recent tour of Can 
adian and American 
universities. During 

her sta - n lhe ( " a ~ 

pital, Mrs. Chatikan 
and visited the headquarters of the Cana 
dian Nurses Association. 

On September 12, 1966, Mrs. Chatikan 
and left Bankok, Thailand for Montreal. 
She attended classes in the basic, postgrad 
uate and master s programs at McGill 
University for three months. Next she at 
tended the University of New Brunswick in 
Fredericton. Following her stay at the 
University of Ottawa, Mrs. Chatikanand 
made similar visits to the Universities of 
Toronto and British Columbia. 

As the assistant director of nursing 
(education) at Siriraj School of Nursing 
and Midwifery, University of Medical 
Sciences, Dhonburi, Thailand, Mrs. Chati 
kanand will have the opportunity "to introd 
uce new ideas into the school" on her 
return from North America. 

A graduate in nursing and midwifery 
from the same school, Mrs. Chatikanand 
also holds her B.S.N. from the University 
of Pittsburgh, which she attended on a 
fellowship. 

In 1959 she first joined the staff of 
the school of nursing and in 1963 she was 
appointed assistant director of nursing. 
About nursing in Thailand Mrs. Chatikan 
and says, "It is on the same level as other 
professions with salaries comparable to 
those in industry." 

Before returning home to the Siriraj 
School of Nursing, Mrs. Chatikanand will 
be visiting the Universities of Pittsburgh. 
Boston, New York and Washington in the 
United States. 



At the end of Jan 
uary, 1967, Sister 
Jeannine Montour of 

the Grey Nuns of the 
Cross of Ottawa left 
for Zambia, Central 
Africa. 

Sister was sent to 
Africa because of her 
experience in teach 
ing and nursing. A graduate of Ste- 
20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Therese Hospital School of Nursing. 
Shawinigan, Quebec, she obtained her 
B.Sc.N. in 1960 at Marguerite d Youville 
Institute in Montreal. Since then she has 
spent three years as assistant director of Ste- 
Therese Hospital School of Nursing and the 
last three and one-half years as supervisor 
of pediatrics at Ottawa General Hospital. 
For the past year Sister also served as 
treasurer for the Ottawa Chapter of the 
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. 
Sister Montour is one of three nurses 
at St. Luke s Hospital in Mpanshya, 110 
miles from Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. 



Sister Agnes Fleu- 

ry, s.g.m., director of 
the Regina Grey 
Nuns Hospital 
School of Nursing 
since last September, 
has been appointed 
assistant administra 
tor, nursing. 

Sister Fleury is a 

graduate of the St. Boniface Hospital 
School of Nursing, with a bachelor of 
science degree in nursing. She has been as 
sociated with nursing education for many 
years. Previous to her appointment at the 
Grey Nuns Hospital last August, Sister was 
director of the St. Boniface Hospital School 
of Nursing. 



Oressa Hubbert has 

been appointed dir 
ector of the new 
Credit Valley Region 
al School of Nursing 
in Cooksville, On 
tario. 

jT ^^ Miss Hubbert, a 

H. jH graduate of the Mack 

Training School, St. 

Catharines, Ontario, completed her re 
quirements for a master of science in nurs 
ing degree at the University of Western 
Ontario in 1964. She has had experience 
in both nursing service and education and 
is presently associate director of nursing 
education at St. Joseph s School of Nursing, 
London, Ontario. 



On January 1, 1967, the school of nurs 
ing at Guelph General Hospital separated 
from the nursing service department. Lois 
Campbell, formerly director of nursing 




with the dual responsibility for education 
and service, became director of nursing 
service; Barbara Curry was appointed dir 
ector of the school of nursing. 




Lois Campbell 



Barbara Curry 



Miss Campbell is a 1943 graduate of 
Guelph General Hospital School of Nurs 
ing. After graduation, she obtained a diplo 
ma in nursing education at the University 
of Toronto, and returned to teach at her 
home school. She became associate director 
of nursing service in 1951. After obtaining 
her baccalaureate degree at the University 
of Western Ontario, London, in 1960, she 
returned to Guelph General Hospital as 
director of nursing. 

Miss Curry, a 1954 graduate of Victoria 
Hospital School of Nursing, London, On 
tario, obtained a diploma in nursing edu 
cation following graduation and in 1964, a 
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of West 
ern Ontario. She has held teaching posi 
tions at the Hospital for Sick Children, 
South Waterloo Memorial Hospital School 
of Nursing, and Guelph General Hospital 
School of Nursing. 



The new acting di 
rector of Regina Grey 
^tiMfc Nuns School of Nurs- 

^fl ing is Catherine Teresa 

f ^t *Rm O Shaughnessy, a gra 
duate of St. Mary Hos 
pital School of Nurs 
ing, Montreal. Mrs. 
t O Shaughnessy also 

holds her bachelor of 
science in nursing from St. Francis Xavier 
University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia. 

Since graduation she has gained experience 
as science instructor at Holy Family Hos 
pital School of Nursing in Prince Albert 
and at Regina Grey Nuns School of Nurs 
ing in Regina, Saskatchewan. 

During the five years previous to her pre 
sent appointment Mrs. O Shaughnessy was as 
sistant director at the same school. 

Active in many nursing organizations, she 

has served as chairman on the Public Rela- 

(Continued on page 22) 

APRIL 1967 



Colored charts of the 
female reproductive system . . . 

free 




d FEMAL PELVIC ORGANS 




OF LUBH1CAT 



FEMALE ^ REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



We would like to send you a set of anatomical 
drawings of the female reproductive system. They 
include illustrations of the changes that occur 
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw 
ings in color by R. I. Dickinson, M.D., are lami 
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in 
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for 
grease-pencil use and erasure. 

And to help you in your instruction, we offer 
two booklets: one with answers to questions young 
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for 
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place 
in a woman s life. 

If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy 
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical 
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons 
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua 
tion. You may then order as many free booklets 
as you need. 

Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that 
many girls and women feel toward menstruation. 
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf 



ing often caused by a perinea! pad. Tampax 
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a 
source of embarrassment for many women. And 
they are hygienic easy to insert, to wear, and to 
dispose of so that your patients will feel cool, 
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual 
protection. 

Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg 
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions 
for insertion are enclosed in each package. 

TAMPAX 

tamponi 
SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION LTD., BARRIE. ONTARIO. 



Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the 
two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of 
Tampax tampons. 



Name_ 



Address. 



. CN-2 



Preferred by Nurses Everywhere! V V 




RESIDED 

irFtrtriLsoN. R N 




No. 
169 



Largest selling among nursesi Superb lifetime qua 
lity ... smooth rounded edges . . . featherweight, 
lies flat . . . deeply engraved, and lacquered. Snow- 
white plastic will not yellow. Satisfaction guaran 
teed. GROUP DISCOUNTS . . . write for full color 
order envelopes, group prices. 

SMART IDEA: O refer 2 identical (same name) Pins 
at discount prices, as precaution agointt low and 
added convenience 
(less changing). 



510 Smart snow-white 
plastic won t yellow or 
pull apart. 



1 Pin onl) 

2 idenlica 



169 Tailored all-metal. 
pl. itld tr silver plated. 



1 Pin only 
2 identical 



With 1 Imi 
lettering 



.60 
1.00 



1.25 
2.00 



With 2 lines 
lettering 



.90 
1.60 



1.55 
2.60 



lacs 



Now remove and retas- 
ten cap band instantly 
for laundering or 
replacement ! Delicately 
molded Cap-Tacs are in 
conspicuous front and 
back, yet sturdy for 
years of service. 

Choose Black, Ok. Blue or Clear 
plastic with tiny gold caduceus 
motif.. .or Solid Black (no gold) 




6 

U 



TO: REEVES COMPANY, Attleboro, Mass. 02703 



STYIE DESIRED: No as shown above. 

METAl FINISH (169 or 100) Gold D Silver O 
LETTERING COIOR: Black Q Dark Blue Q 



Please send D 1 Pin 

LETTERING: 

2nd Line: 



2 Pins (same name) 



2 Pins (same name) 



LETTERING: 

2nd Line: 



Please send 3 1 Pin 



Q 2 Pms (same name) 



LETTERING: 

2nd Line: 



Please send sets Cop-Toes (6 per set) 

U Black C Ok. Blue Q Clear Q So d Block 



I enclose S 
Send to 
Street 
City 



(Mass, residents odd 3% S.T.) 



State 



Zip 



NOTE: Order for 1, 2 or 3 persons on above 
coupon . . . use extra sheet for more. 

"Different" Ideas tor Gifts and Favors, Too! 

22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



names 




(Continued from page 20) 

lions Committee of the Saskatchewan Regis 
tered Nurses Association, on the Nursing 
Education Committee, and on the Publicity 
Committee of the Saskatchewan Council of 
Catholic Nurses. 



J|H^ Viola M. Aboud of 

Shawinigan, Quebec, 
has been appointed as 
sistant nursing coor 
dinator for the nursing 
station in the Man and 
His Health Pavilion 
at Expo 67. Miss 
Aboud is on loan from 
her position as special 
assistant to the director of nursing at The 
Montreal General Hospital. She will be on 
Expo staff from March 1 to October 31, 
1967. A Montreal General graduate, Miss 
Aboud took further education at McGill, re 
ceiving her diploma in teaching and super 
vision from the School for Graduate Nurses. 
Miss Aboud worked for six months in the 
American University Hospital in Beirut, 
Lebanon, and spent several months touring 
the middle east. She speaks Arabic, as well 
as English and French. 

Her past experience as head nurse and 
nursing arts instructor in Montreal will be 
helpful in her Expo position. Miss Aboud 
will share in planning and organization duties, 
und help in the orientation of graduates and 
students coming from all parts of Canada 
to staff the nursing station. 

Dr. Glen W. Bartlett, a native of Cana 
da, has been appointed manager of scien 
tific planning for the American Hospital 
Supply Corporation. 

Dr. Bartlett graduated from Mount Al 
lison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, 
received his master s degree in microbio 
logy from the University of London, and 
his doctor s degree in microbiology from 
Oxford University. 

Subsequently he held appointments as 
associate professor in microbiology at 
Memorial University of Newfoundland, 
and as associate professor of microbiology 
in the faculty of medicine, McGill Uni 
versity, Montreal. Prior to his present 
appointment, he was senior research micro- 
biologist at Abbott Laboratories. 

The Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses has awarded this year s Margaret 
Cogswell Memorial Scholarship to Mildred 
Joan Arsene who is currently completing 
the final year of the post-basic degree pro 
gram in teaching and supervision at the 
University of Alberta, Edmonton. Q 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



child care worker 
in psychiatry 

attitudes of nurses 
to nursing 

drug protection for 
Canadians 



Photo credits 



Dominion- Wide p. 7, 9 

Leslie Spencer, Victoria, B.C. 
p. 8 

Manotick Photo, p. 13 



APRIL 1967 



dates 



April 27-29, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association 

of Ontario, 

Annual Meeting, 

Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 

April 25-27, 1967 

The 58th Annual Meeting of the Canadian 

Public Health Association, 

to be held jointly with a meeting 

of the Ontario Public Health Association, 

Chateau Laurier, Ottawa. 

Theme of the meeting: 

"Community Health in Canada: 

A Centennial Appraisal and Projection." 

Details available from Dr. S.E. Acres, 

General Secretary, Steering Committee, 

Epidemiology Division, 

Department of National Health 

and Welfare, Ottawa. 

April 28-29, 1967 

The Royal Alexandra Hospital, School of 
Nursing 20th reunion of the 1 947 
graduating class. Would members 
of the 1 947 graduating class 
please write to Mrs. Nora MacKay, 
1 3374 - 1 40 St., Edmonton. 

May 1-7, 1967 

Mental Health Week 

May 4-6, 1967 

St. Boniface Hospital School of Nursing, 

25th Reunion of the 1 942 

graduating class. 

Would members of the 1942 

graduating class please write 

to Miss F. E. Taylor, 

10123-122 Street, Edmonton. 

May 16-19, 1967 

Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
Annual Meeting. 
Chateau Lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 

May 19-21, 1967 

60th Anniversary Reunion 

of the Royal Inland Hospital School 

of Nursing, Komloops, B.C. 

For further information write: 

Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C", 

248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 

May 24-26, 1667 

Saskatchewan Registered 

Nurses Association Annual Meeting, 

Saskatoon. 

May 29-31, 1967 

Operating Room Nurses 
APRIL 1967 



Fourth Ontario Conference, 

The Inn on the Park, Toronto, Ont. 

Sponsored by the Operating Room Nurses 

of Greater Toronto. 

Direct inquiries to: 

Mrs. Eleanor Conlin, 

437 Glen Park Ave., Apt. 309, 

Toronto 19, Ontario. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, 
Sydney, N.S. 

May 31-/une 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of British 
Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, 
The Playhouse, Fredericton. 

June 7, 1967 

Manitoba Operating Room Study Group, 

one-day symposium, 

to be held in conjunction with the 

Manitoba Hospital Association Conference 

and the Western Hospital Institute 

at the Royal Alexander Hotel, 

Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Theme: What s New ? 

June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of Nursing, 

Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 

Any graduates who do not receive 

alumnae newsletters, 

please send name and address to: 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of 

of Nursing Alumnae, 

30 The Queensway, 

Toronto 3, Ontario. 

July, 1967 

75th Anniversary, 

Nova Scotia Hospital School of Nursing, 

Dartmouth, N.S. 

All interested graduates please contact 

Mrs. G. Varheff, 

20 Ellenvale Ave., 

Dartmouth, N.S. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of 

the McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 

Montreal. 

For further information write Muyra Allen, 

Acting President of 

the Alumnae Association, 

School for Graduate Nurses, 

36 1 8 University Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 



FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 




POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR 

(Patent Pending) 

Serves to protect the heel of the foot and 
prevents irritation from rubbing. Constructed 
of slick, pliable plastic, lined with artificial 
lamb s wool. Can be washed or autoclaved. 
No. HP-63ALW. M $3.90 eo. $7.80 pr. 
Without plastic shield $5.25 



NO. 66 
POSEY BELT 

Patent Pending 




This new 
Posey Belt 
provides safe 
ty to a bed 
patient yet 
permits him 
to turn from side to 
side. Also allows sitting 
up, if belt is slackened. 
Made of strong, rein 
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel- 
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passes 
under bed after a turn around spring rail to 
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckle is un 
der side of bed of patient s sight and 
reach. Also available in Key-Lock model 
which attaches to each side of bed. Small, 
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key- 
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95. 




POSEY SAFETY 

Patented 



BELT 



Allows maximum freedom with safe re 
straint. An improvement over sideboards, 
the Posey belt is designed to be under the 
paftenr and out of the way. Belf and bed 
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing; 
loop and pad of cotton flannel. Friction-type, 
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and 
Large sizes. Safety Belt, No. S-MJ, $6.75. 
(Extra heavy construction with key- lock 
buckles, No. P-453, $19.80) 

POSEY PRODUCTS 

Stocked in Canada 

B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 

64 Gerrard Street E. 
Toronto 2, Canada 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 




Modern Drainage Unit? 




FOR USE ON BED Braided cord hanger 

with metal hook attaches fast to any bed 

frame. 

OR BY AMBULATORY Cord also serves as 

convenient carry handle for ambulatory 

patient. 




No! In contrast, the Sterilon Closed 
Bedside Drainage Collection Unit 
is assembled and ready for use on any 
catheterized ambulatory or bed 
patient without special preparation. 
Actually, when you think of time 
saved as money saved, the Sterilon 
BDB-9 costs less than the labor, time 
and materials involved in an 
old-fashioned drainage unit. 
This means you don t have to autoclave 
containers or buy other bothersome 
accessories. There is no need to 
worry about the container being 

As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always be checked. If the packaging is 
damaged or the seal is broken, the product should not be considered sterile. 



accidentally overturned. There s no 
mess, no fuss with the Sterilon Drainage 
Collection Unit, and it has an extra 
strength polyethylene bag that is 
graduated from 10 cc to 2000 cc. 
It is also the only bedside drainage 
unit in its price range that has a bottom 
drain. It is Sterilon quality. This 
means it comes packed sterile, 
ready to use. 

Another example of how Sterilon 
doesn t let "disposability" interfere 
with "quality." 




STERILON CORPORATION / A SUBSIDIARY OF THE GILLETTE COMPANY 
1505 Washington Street, Braintree, Massachusetts 02184 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Entrophen 

(FROSST) 

Description Each "Polymer 37" coated 
tablet contains acetylsalicylic acid 10 grs. 
The "Polymer 37" coating prevents the 
release of the medication in the stomach, 
but allows disintegration in the upper 
intestine where complete absorption takes 
place. Thus, in the treatment of chronic 
arthritides, an adequate serum salicylate 
level can be maintained without gastric 
intolerance. 

Indications Rheumatic disease, rheum 
atic fever, gastric intolerance to A.S.A. 
Entrophen with codeine is available for 
severe chronic arthritic pain. 

Side-effects -- Tinnitus, nausea, vomit 
ing and diarrhea. Idiosyncrasy to acetyl 
salicylic acid is usually manifest as skin 
rash. Anaphylaxis is uncommon. 

Caution Acetylsalicylic acid may 
depress the plasma prothrombin concentra 
tion. Care should be exercised, therefore, 
when Entrophen and anticoagulants are pre 
scribed concurrently. Large doses of sali- 
cylates may have a hypoglycemic action. 
This may affect the insulin requirements of 
diabetics. Salicylates can produce changes 
in thyroid function tests and slightly in 
crease the renal excretion of uric acid 
(urincosuric action). 

For further information on dosage and 
availability, write Charles E. Frosst & Co., 
P.O. Box 247, Montreal, Quebec. 

Unipen 

(WYETH) 

Description -- Unipen nafcillin sodium 
kills staph orally or by injection with high 
concentrations in the tissues. 

Dosage Intravenous route: 500 mg. 
every four hours. Intramuscular route: ad 
ministered by deep intragluteal injection, 
500 mg. every six hours. For infants and 
children the dosage must be reduced to 25 
mg. per kg. once or twice daily. Oral route: 
250 mg. to 500 mg. every four to six hours. 
For infants and children, dosages should 
be based on 25/50 mg. per kg. per day in 
four divided doses. 

In severe infections, both oral and parent- 
eral dosage should be doubled. Orally, 
Unipen should be given in the fasting state. 

Precautions -- Safety for use in preg 
nancy has not been established. Observe 
care in intravenous use since thrombo 
phlebitis has been observed. As with other 
penicillins, possible allergic reactions should 
be considered. 

Contraindications Do not use Unipen 
APRIL 1967 



in patients sensitive to penicillin. Unipen 
is not indicated in minor or trivial infec 
tions. Its use should be accompanied by 
appropriate bacteriologic studies. 

Full information is available from John 
Wyeth and Brother (Canada) Limited. 
Windsor, Ontario. 




Spil-Pruf 

(RUSCH) 

Description A urinal for the bedfast 
male patient. The Spil-Pruf Male Urinal is 
guaranteed not to spill, not only when the 
device is turned upside down, but also 
when dropped or even thrown. 

Made from acid-resistant, non-absorbent 
polypropylene, the entire unit may be auto- 
claved or chemically disinfected. It does 
not retain odors and because it is practical 
ly noiseless it will not awaken sleeping 
patients if it is dropped. 

For further information write: Rusch of 
Canada Limited, 25 Grenville Street, To 
ronto 5, Ontario. 




Belt No. 66-T 

(POSEY) 

Description A modified version of the 
Posey Belt No. 66. As with the original, 
the new model provides bed safety, with a 
maximum of patient movement, and is 
constructed of heavy, reinforced white cot 
ton webbing, with a flannel-lined canvas 
reinforced insert. In use, the belt ties to 
both sides of the bed for additional security. 

Inquiries regarding this new belt should 
be directed to your local hospital equip 
ment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey Company. 
39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasadena, Cali 
fornia 91107. 



Booklets Available 

The Canadian Cancer Society makes 
available some books for nurses and per 
sons who will be providing care for cancer 
patients in the home. 

Cancer Manual for Public Health Nurses, 
a 112-page paperback book, includes infor 
mation about cancer of selected sites, and 
emphasizes the function of the public 
health nurse in the cancer control pro 
gram and in the physical and psychological 
care of the patient. 

Essentials of Cancer Nursing is a 125- 
page book prepared for student nurses. It 
outlines the types and sites of cancer and 
discusses the nature of the disease in detail. 
Special nursing procedures are included. 
This manual is especially valuable in aid 
ing the student to realize the psychological 
and socioeconomic problems created by the 
disease. 

A book for graduate nurses, A Cancer 
Source Book for Nurses, discusses the pro 
blem of cancer in more depth than the 
student manual. It was prepared by the 
American Cancer Society, and the agencies 
mentioned are essentially American, but it 
is an excellent aid. 

A 42-page manual covering nursing pro 
cedures, A Cancer Guide for Practical 
Nurses, would be useful to homemakers 
caring for patients in the home, as well as 
for practical nurses. The procedures are 
clearly explained and the booklet is well- 
illustrated. 

Single copies of these booklets may be 
obtained through your local Cancer Society, 
or by writing directly to the Canadian 
Cancer Society, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, 
Ontario. 

A brochure dealing with the facilities 
and limits for flying patients on board air 
craft has been published by Swissair, the 
national airline of Switzerland. 

Called Patients Flying by Swissair, the 
publication is available to doctors, nurses, 
and others charged with caring for sick 
or disabled persons. It lists the pre-flight 
formalities and facilities available for 
transporting patients to and from the air 
craft, special care during the flight, and the 
airline s procedure in the event of deterior 
ation in the patient s condition during 
flight. 

Copies of the brochure are available 
from Swissair s district offices throughout 
North America or from its Public Rela 
tions Department, 608 Fifth Avenue, New 
York City 10020. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 





When the 
callisfor"Stat." 
diagnostic findings 

. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 



LABSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 

DEXTROSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 

CLIIMITEST* Reagent Tablets provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLINITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 

Reliable Reproducible Results 

AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend 
able clues to abnormal conditions when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 



Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 

*Registered Trademarks 




26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



EDITORIAL 



This is the year of the flaming lamp 
on Parliament Hill a flame that 
symbolizes 100 years of achievement 
since Confederation united a few col 
onies to make a country. To nurses, 
this flame represents not only 100 
years of Confederation, but also more 
than 300 years of nursing service to 
the people of this country. 

The profession is, indeed, proud of 
its past; but it is also deeply concerned 
with its future. In a large measure, 
future success will be determined by 
the progress made in the basic areas 
of the preparation, utilization, and 
compensation of the practicing nurse. 

It would be comforting indeed if we 
could believe that the necessary 
changes could take place at a leisurely 
pace, to be cheerfully assessed by our 
descendants at Canada s next centen 
nial. Such is not the case. A leisurely 
pace cannot be maintained if the pro 
fession is to remain contemporary and 
honor its objectives of service. 

Nursing education is but one of 
several fields giving ample evidence 
of accelerated action and change. The 
long-mooted question of whether the 
entire system of nursing education 
should be integrated into the general 
education system is no longer pertinent. 
The pertinent questions today are 
when and how this will be done. The 
answers are coming in fast, province 
by province. 

First to grasp the torch of the 
modern nursing education principles 
was Saskatchewan. In fact, and in 
law in this province, all nursing edu 
cation is now a responsibility of the 
Department of Education. Other pro 
vinces are following rapidly. Legislation 
is now before the government of New 
Brunswick to bring the education of 
nurses and some other categories of 
health workers into the educational 
stream of that province; in Alberta, 
two new programs of nursing education 
are developing in junior colleges; in 
Quebec, implementation of the Parent 
Commission Report will assure not 
only that all nursing education is with 
in the educational system, but that 
nursing education will evolve similar 
to that of all other professional and 
APRIL 1967 



vocational groups in the province. 

Courageous plans are emerging in 
Manitoba: "The report on the year 
long study, tabled in the provincial 
legislature... recommends that student 
nurses be excluded from hospital op 
erations in the province and that their 
course of studies be cut to two years," 
a newspaper reports. In Prince Edward 
Island, a plan to move nursing edu 
cation into the educational stream has 
been formulated. Newfoundland is also 
seriously studying the implications of 
an educational system for nurses under 
educational auspices, and British Co 
lumbia is developing plans for the 
orderly movement of all nursing edu 
cation into the proper educational 
setting. Nova Scotia, too, is looking at 
ways and means of improving its 
diploma programs in nursing edu 
cation. 

Ontario, on the other hand, is im 
plementing a program that suports the 
introduction of "regional" schools. 
This move toward the establishment of 
separate, single-purpose institutions 
under the general jurisdiction of the 
provincial department of health raises 
many questions. Countries or regions 
that have adopted such a pattern at 
test that it is less than second best. 
Hopefully, this system eventually will 
be introduced into the educational 
stream as an integral part of the 
province s newly-developing, post-high 
school institutions. Nothing less will 
match the march across Canada. 

These changes, although rapid and 
profound, will not come easily. Emo 
tions will get in the way. Can we 
survive the torture of watching the 
new nurse emerge better equipped for 
today and tomorrow s health needs? 
To hurdle the emotional obstacles, 
submit to sincere self-examination, 
sort out the false from the true tradi 
tions in nursing, and then add up the 
pros and cons of the newly-emerging 
systems of education, is to conclude 
that it is our responsibility to stand 
squarely behind the policies to which 
we have subscribed. 

But at this time, more than new 
programs in the general educational 
system are required and more than 



tacit approval needed. Specifically, 
nurses must give active support to both 
the university schools and the new 
diploma schools and so channel the 
resources that at least 25 percent of the 
active nurses population are graduated 
from university schools of nursing. 
Today, only about 6,000 of Canada s 
120,000 registered nurses have gradu 
ated from university programs. The in 
crease in percentage of nurses graduat 
ing from basic baccalaureate programs 
is almost imperceptible and a long, 
long way from the 25 percent required 
to achieve the level and type of nursing 
care required for our people. 

The adequate preparation of nurses 
is important, but can be a self-defeat 
ing process if the time of the well- 
prepared nurse is not adequately 
employed. It is estimated that at least 
100,000 nursing hours are wasted in 
Canada every day through poor utiliz 
ation of nurses time. How long can we 
afford this waste? In the face of it, 
how can we claim there is a shortage 
of nurses? 

Some small improvement in better 
utilization of nursing time has been 
recorded across the country. Auto 
mation may herald the beginning of a 
real breakthrough. Nurses themselves 
are analyzing this problem and seek 
ing assistance in remedying it. 

Yet there are breakthroughs in areas 
other than education and practice. The 
nurses across this country are justly 
concerned about their economic status. 
They are even comfortable in partici 
pating openly in negotiations to im 
prove their social and economic wel 
fare. Where a decade ago the negotia 
tion of salary was believed to be 
incompatible with professionalism, it 
has now become one of the Associa 
tion s major programs. 

Nursing in this time of the health 
revolution is demanding and exciting. 
To keep apace we will need to consol 
idate our efforts to move ahead, en 
ergetically, in the preparation, utili 
zation, and compensation of the practi 
tioner. 

H.K.M. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 







Nursing station at 
Expo 67 



Nurses visiting Expo 67 will want to find time to see their exhibit. An "intensive 
observation station," equipped with the latest telemetering and recording 
devices, television monitors and intercommunication equipment, will show how 
modern angels of mercy "watch over" seriously-injured or dangerously-ill 
patients. 




28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



Today s nurse helped by electron 
ic equipment must combine "inten 
sive observation" as a part of her nur 
turing role in positive patient care. 
The Intensive Observation Station in 
the Man and His Health Pavilion at 
Expo 67 is designed to interpret this 
aspect of the nurse s role. 

Taped recordings from real patients 
will demonstrate changes in condition, 
such as in severe burn cases, cardiac 
arrest, hemorrhage, and postoperative 
infection. These "happenings" will 
show the public the nurse in action. 

Meditheatre 

The Man and His Health Pavilion 
is divided into two parts. A central 
core contains six stages where live 
actors will perform medical demons 
trations. This Meditheatre is sur 
rounded by sloping ramps that will 
permit 750 persons to circulate around 
the stages during each performance. 
Three large screens situated high over 
the actors heads (one visible from 
any point on the surrounding walk) 
will show details of the action or de 
pict aspects referred to in the actors 
conversation. 

The dramatic presentation will show 
two "doctors" making rounds. On one 
stage they visit a nursery with a heal 
thy baby and a newborn suffering 
from Rh incompatibility. As the "doc 
tors" talk, the screens will show recent 
developments in intraperitoneal and 
postnatal replacement transfusion that 
enabled doctors to save the babe s life. 

Other "visits" include a few mo 
ments watching open heart surgery; a 
call at the physiotherapy department 
where an amputee patient is learning 
how to use new prosthetic limbs; a 
discussion with a "patient" on the ar 
tificial kidney; and two more stops 
showing similar modern developments 
in medicine. The entire Meditheatre 
performance will take 20 minutes. 

Peripheral exhibit area 

The peripheral area of the building 
contains free-standing exhibit islands 
and demonstration booths. 

Exhibits planned for this area inclu 
de one showing the effects of LSD on 
spiders; a transparent man and wo 
man; surgical instruments of yesterday 
and today; an autoanalyzer and 
computer laboratory equipment; a 
pharmaceutical exhibition showing how 
a new antibiotic is developed and re 
constructing Fleming s original dis 
covery of penicillin; and the nurses 
station. 

Photographs, illuminated objects, 
and other media, such as "people 
screens" curtains composed of 

APRIL 1967 



photographs of faces swinging gently 
- are means of dividing off sections 
in this area. 

Staff for the Nurses Station 

The nurses booth is one of the few 
"manned" exhibits. Twenty-one gra 
duate nurses and 78 students from the 
ten provinces and three participating 
states (Maine, New York, and Ver 
mont) will rotate during the six-month 
period. Graduates will have a 30-day 
tour of duty; students will work 17 
days. The hospital or school that no 
minated them has granted the selected 
nurses leave with pay, travel expenses, 
and a small daily allowance. 

The 21 graduates were selected 
from 56 candidates; 116 students were 
nominated for the 78 positions. A spe 
cial advisory committee made the se 
lection based on geographical repre 
sentation, experience, and language. 

Miss Rita Lussier, nursing coordin 
ator for "Man and His Health," has 
a planned rotation. One graduate and 
two students will be on duty at all 
times, working a 5-day, 28-hour week, 
on duty four hours at a time. "Duty is 
arranged so that each nurse will have 
full opportunity to enjoy other features 
of the Exhibition," explained Miss 
Lussier. "Her service pass covers ad 
mission to the Expo grounds and to all 
theme, national, and private pavilions." 

The Canadian Nurses Association, 
White Sister Uniforms, and Siemens 
Medical of Canada are co-sponsors and 
are working closely with Expo officials 
to relate the exhibit to the overall theme. 
CNA is responsible for organiza 
tion and staffing; Siemens Medical of 
Canada (with Siemens Reiniger Wer- 
ke, A. G. of Germany) is furnishing all 
graphic, electronic and other equip 
ment; and White Sister Uniforms, Inc. 
is providing special uniforms and will 
see to their servicing during the ex 
hibition. 

Distinctive expo uniform 

Graduate nurses will wear a white 
uniform designed especially for Expo 
67, distinguished by their pins and 
school caps. Student nurses will wear 
the uniform of their school. 

White Sister, who designed the uni 
form, will give three dresses to each 
graduate working in the nurses sta 
tion, and will send two uniforms to 
each student as gifts upon graduation. 
These select nurses will be the only 
ones to wear the distinctive uniform, 
as the pattern will not be for sale. A 
committee selected the skimmer sil 
houette, believing it represented the 
forward image of today s nurse. A 
sculptured collar is held by the Expo 
67 pin. Special features include three- 



quarter sleeves that can be folded into 
a short-sleeve style, and the comfor 
table "action-back." 

Off duty 

"All work and no play makes Jill 
a dull nurse," says Mr. Norman Lupo- 
vich, president of White Sister. So the 
company is providing the nurses work 
ing at Expo with tickets to one of the 
performances at Place des Arts. 

Working nurses will be billetted at 
nurses residences in the city and will 
have an excellent opportunity to get to 
know their Montreal colleagues. 

Working at Expo 67 will also be a 
learning experience. Nurses will be re 
quired to submit a resume on tomor 
row s equipment and care as they ex 
perienced it. D 





THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



Tomorrow s nursing education 
in Saskatchewan 



Suddenly tomorrow s nursing education is here and we are in the awkward 
position of functioning in yesterday s. How did it happen? Why did it happen? 
What is tomorrow s education? Will it meet the nursing service needs of 
our society? 



Hospital schools of nursing in Sas 
katchewan, 11 in number, are on the 
threshold of losing their identity 
something the majority have had for at 
least 50 years. Legislation passed in 
1966 has meant that present schools 
will be dissolved and in their place re 
gional (central) schools of nursing 
will be established by the Department 
of Education. Prior to this legislation, 
hospital schools of nursing were under 
the administrative control of the De 
partment of Public Health in this pro 
vince. 

It is hoped that the first regional 
school will be established by Septem 
ber 1967. How many will be establish 
ed is an unknown factor. But in the 
foreseeable future there will be two. 

Another possible change, in the 
distant future, is the termination of 
educational programs preparing nursing 
assistants and psychiatric nurses once 
the two-year diploma nursing edu 
cation programs are well established in 
the regional schools. Simultaneously, 
special programs enabling registered 
psychiatric nurses to complete require 
ments for registration into the Saskat 
chewan Registered Nurses Association 
would be organized. 

Still another future change will be to 
develop a four-year integrated bacca 
laureate program at the University of 
Saskatchewan School of Nursing in 
Saskatoon, and, as the need is indicat 
ed, the establishment of a second 
baccalaureate program at the Univer 
sity of Saskatchewan in Regina. Per- 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Linda Long, B.N., M.N. 




Miss Long is Advisor to Schools of Nur 
sing, Saskatchewan Registered Nurses As 
sociation Regina, Saskatchewan. 

haps once these have been developed, 
the one-year university certificate pro 
grams in public health, teaching in 
schools of nursing, administration, and 
psychiatry could be discontinued. Also, 
consideration then should be given to 
the establishment of a post-baccalau 
reate degree program. 

Why change? 

Many nurses have graduated from 
the above-mentioned programs and 
have made a very significant contri 



bution to society and the profession of 
nursing. The health world is better 
because of them. Why, then, the transfer 
to another department of government 
and why the dissolution of hospital 
schools of nursing? 

The purpose of the Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses Association is to 
"ensure that a high quality of nursing 
service will be available to the public." 
This is its professional responsibility 
and it was incorporated for this pur 
pose. 

Over the past 50 years this Asso 
ciation has been the instigator of many 
changes that have brought about im 
provement in nursing practice and in 
the educational programs designed to 
prepare future nurses. Tomorrow s 
change in nursing education is another 
instance of this Association s profes 
sional leadership in striving toward 
better patient care. 

This major change in nursing edu 
cation in Saskatchewan resulted from 
a study on nursing education requested 
by the SRNA and carried out by the 
Department of Public Health. In 1965, 
an Ad Hoc Committee was established 
to carry out a complete study on nur 
sing education. A review of the past 
is necessary to understand why. 

A developing need for change 

Historical data show that change 
was necessary, and its arrival was not 
so sudden. However, the implementa 
tion of some of the suggested changes 
is occurring more rapidly than is prob- 

APRIL 1967 



ably desirable and comfortable. 

Within a 20-year period, 1946- 
1966, the SRNA submitted seven 
briefs and one report to the Depart 
ment of Public Health for considera 
tion. These submissions expressed 
concern about standards of nursing 
practice, educational programs, pro 
blems in the nursing profession, and 
the efforts being made to improve 
them. 

The Department of Public Health in 
Saskatchewan over the years has con 
sidered and granted many of the Asso 
ciation s requests. It has supported 
changes in the Requirements for Ap 
proval of Schools of Nursing and 
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re 
gistered Nurses Association. Financial 
support to nursing educational pro 
grams has steadily increased and the 
department has made a significant con 
tribution to experimentation in diploma 
nursing education. Total costs of the 
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu 
cation in 1965 were assumed by this 
provincial department. 

Voices over the years have request 
ed change in nursing education pat 
terns. Criticisms are recorded in many 
publications familiar to the nursing 
population. Some that seem to have 
affected the province most significant 
ly are: the Weir Report, 1932; The 
Study of the First Three Years, 1957; 
the Cost Study of Basic Nursing Edu 
cation in Saskatchewan, 1958; the Re 
port on the Status of Basic Nursing 
Education in Saskatchewan, 1957; 
Spotlight on Nursing Education, 1960; 
A Path to Quality, 1964; Portrait of 
Nursing, 1965; the Report of the 
Royal Commission on Health Services, 
1964; the Report of "Project 65," 
1966; the Requirements for Approval 
of Schools of Nursing and Admission 
to the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association (5 revisions within 25 
years latest 1963). 

And changes begin 

The effects of these voices have 
been seen in the closure of some 
hospital schools of nursing and im 
provements in others. They have also 
provided the necessary impetus for 
other major administrative changes. 

The 1963 revised Requirements for 
Approval of Schools of Nursing and 
Admission to the Saskatchewan Re 
gistered Nurses Association support 
ed shortened nursing education pro 
grams provided they were educational 
ly controlled. They recognized the 
need to establish hospital schools of 
nursing on a sounder educational basis; 
to attract and maintain students in 
schools of nursing; and to consider the 
changes in general education and the 
health needs of our society. These 

APRIL 1967 



"Requirements" were developed over 
a five-year period and involved work 
shops, institutes, and meetings by facul 
ty members from each school of nur 
sing. Directors of schools of nursing 
proposed a resolution for acceptance 
and the "Requirements" were approv 
ed at the annual meeting of the Asso 
ciation in May, 1963. 

The 1963 "Requirements" include: 
independent organization and admini 
stration of a school of nursing; suf 
ficient number of qualified teaching 
staff by a specified date; academic 
grade XII (senior matriculation) 
standing (university entrance) for ap 
plicants; organized guidance programs 
to help students make educational, 
personal and professional adjustments; 
adequate facilities for effective admi 
nistration of the educational program; 
a new curriculum (minimum 22 
months plus two months holiday) de 
signed with consideration of the stu 
dent s educational background, in 
creased available medical knowledge, 
educational status of patients, nursing 
needs of society, and the basic prin 
ciples of learning for student, teacher 
and patient. 

implementation presented problems. 
Many of these were alleviated through 
discussions with the Department of 
Public Health, workshops and insti 
tutes with faculty in the schools of 
nursing, and the services of an edu 
cational consultant. In addition, the 
Association presented a Brief to the 
Department of Public Health request 
ing further assistance. This Department 
financially supported experimentation 
with shortened programs in three 
hospital schools cf nursing after their 
proposed programs were approved by 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association. They also approved addi 
tional faculty in other schools of 
nursing. 

Development of shortened programs 
in other hospital schools of nursing 
became the next logical step for a 
number of reasons. First, recruitment 
could be affected; students would like 
ly go to those schools offering shorten 
ed programs. Second, revision in curri 
cula of these other schools and the in 
creased control of the students time 
by the teachers coincided with many 
of the Association s requirements for 
shortened programs. Third, organiza 
tion and activity of faculty had improv 
ed and the number of qualified teachers 
had increased. Fourth, in most in 
stances educational facilities had been 
increased (although not to their fullest 
need); library budgets had increased 
rapidly; more use of community re 
sources for student clinical experience 
was accepted; all students now could 
receive psychiatric nursing experience. 



Fifth, systems of record keeping im 
proved and better use of records ma 
terial was made by teaching staff. 
Sixth, but not by any means least or 
last, selection and evaluation methods 
of applicants and nursing students also 
improved. 

Administrative problems arise 

In view of all the above-mentioned 
improvements, why not let all hospitals 
develop shortened programs? 

Administrative educational inde 
pendence in all hospital schools of 
nursing is needed. The provincial an 
nual evaluation reports show that pro 
gress toward complete achievement of 
the 1963 "requirements" is handi 
capped by hospital administrative con 
trol. Budgets for schools are within the 
general budget for that particular 
hospital. As the school of nursing con 
tinues to achieve more of the 1963 
"Requirements," cost to the hospital 
increases. This poses a question of 
service versus education cost to the 
hospital. 

It further poses the question: Should 
the Department of Public Health as 
sume this cost when its primary 
function is the provision of health 
services to the public? It seems logical 
that the Department of Education 
should assume the financial responsi 
bility as it does for other professional 
education programs and because its 
primary function is the provision of 
educational opportunities for the 
people of Saskatchewan. Transfer of 
such a responsibility should provide 
educational independence for schools 
of nursing. 

Another major administrative hand 
icap is that hospitals include the school 
of nursing as a component of the 
formally structured nursing service de 
partment, whose primary function, like 
other hospital departments (x-ray, diet 
kitchen, laundry, operating room), is 
service to the patient. The nursing 
service department is concerned about 
utilizing the nurse to meet patient 
needs. The school of nursing is con 
cerned about preparing the nurse to 
meet patient needs. Although their ulti 
mate goal is the same to meet 
patient needs the purpose for each 
one s existence is different and re 
quires separate administration. They 
require different nurse administrators 
- one experienced and well prepared 
in the field of nursing service, and the 
other experienced and well prepared 
in the field of nursing education, with 
both having as their ultimate goal, 
better patient care. To date, only four 
hospital schools of nursing have a full- 
time director responsible for the ad 
ministration of the school and not all 
of these have authority to conduct the 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



business of their respective schools. 

Further needs 

The provincial annual evaluation re 
ports of the schools of nursing also 
show that although many of the 1963 
"requirements" were achieved and 
others are in the developmental pro 
cess, a vital question arises: What is 
the most economical and effective way 
for improvements to be made so that 
the nursing needs of Saskatchewan can 
be met? Saskatchewan appears to be 
very short of nurses; our present 
system does not seem to fulfill the 
need. The Association has predicted 
that by 1975 at least 3,000 more 
nurses will be required to maintain the 
current ratio of one nurse to 287 
people in our province. Our greatest 
resource pool for graduate nurses is 
from the diploma nursing education 
programs. The need for more nurses 
prepared at the degree level is also rec 
ognized and the Association predicted 
that by 1975 at least 1,000 more would 
be required. 

Hospital schools of nursing conduct 
ing the total educational program (four 
in number) appear to have fewer dif 
ficulties in implementing their curricula 
than those (seven in number) who 
share administrative responsibility for 
their programs with a Centralized 
Teaching Program. All three shortened 
programs (varying in length from two 
to two-and-one-half years) and the 
two-plus-one-year internship program 
occur in schools not involved in the 
Centralized Teaching Program. "Pro 
ject 65" (the study of the Centralized 
Teaching Program and the seven par 
ticipating hospital schools of nursing) 
appears to support one administration 
for the total educational program, 
amalgamation and centralization of the 
schools under educational institutions. 
Maximum utilization of clinical resour 
ces was emphasized. This study advo 
cated these institutions be affiliated in 
some way with the University of Sas 
katchewan. 

Other problems identified in "Pro 
ject 65" corroborated many of those 
continually mentioned in the provincial 
annual evaluation reports of the Saskat 
chewan schools of nursing. Many of 
these problems were mentioned in the 
Weir Report of 1932. The major ones 
are: 

1 . Lack of prepared nurses espe 
cially in senior nursing service posi 
tions who possess skill in organiza 
tion, assessment of patient care and 
ability to direct others in that care. This 
lack affects the climate in which stu 
dents learn and patients receive care. 

2. Lack of prepared and sufficient 
numbers of teachers in schools of nur 
sing. In 1965, only 21 percent of the 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



teachers in schools of nursing had a 
bachelor degree and 43 percent had no 
preparation beyond the basic three- 
year diploma program. A basic prin 
ciple in education is that the prepara 
tion of a teacher should be beyond 
that of her student. Another difficulty 
is to attract and maintain full-time 
prepared teachers, especially to smaller 
centers. Certainly more attractive per 
sonnel policies help, but freedom to 
develop an educational program is 
also a strong incentive. 

3. Service expectations often take 
priority to educational needs. It is only 
fair that students in schools of nursing 
attain the same status as any other 
student attending post-secondary edu 
cational institutions. Their educational 
needs must be considered so that they 
achieve the desired aim. 

4. Recruitment of the most suitable 
students is more difficult for the 
schools of nursing outside the major 
cities of Regina and Saskatoon. 

5. Reasons for student withdrawal 
in schools of nursing were, in order 
of frequency: dislike for nursing, dis 
satisfaction with the program, and 
academic difficulty. Recognition must 
be given to presenting an attractive 
program and safeguarding its imple 
mentation. 

6. Only a few organized guidance 
and counseling programs for students 
are found in the schools, although 
some are in the process of develop 
ment. Guidance is given to students by 
individual teachers but is limited be 
cause of teachers work load and lack 
of preparation in principles of guid 
ance. 

7. Planned and active inservice 
education programs are greatly needed 
both for faculty in schools and nursing 
service personnel in hospitals. Impro 
vement in quality of service results 
when staff are better informed. Staff 
are also more satisfied when their in 
terests are considered. 

All these problems have contributed 
to a crisis in the quality and quantity 
of nurses required to meet future 
nursing service needs and the rapidly 
expanding health services. This crisis 
led the SRNA to suggest the complete 
study of the problem. The Depart 
ment of Public Health established the 
Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu 
cation, consulted with the SRNA re 
garding terms of reference, and ap 
pointed three nurses to this Committee 
as opposed to only one representative 
from each of the six other related 
health and educational organizations. 

Tomorrow s change 

The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education surveyed hospital diploma 
and the baccalaureate degree nursing 



education programs in detail. The nur 
sing assistant program (there is only 
one in Saskatchewan and it is con 
ducted by the Department of Educa 
tion) and the three psychiatric nursing 
education programs (conducted by 
Psychiatric Service, Department of 
Public Health) were also considered, 
but in less detail. 

Cost of nursing education in hospi 
tals conducting schools of nursing was 
analyzed and studies to assess nursing 
activities were established. Replace 
ment of nursing student service to the 
hospital was estimated and a survey of 
the potential nursing force in Saskat 
chewan, current and projected five 
years into the future, was done. The 
SRNA conducted this latter survey and 
is in the process of analyzing its data. 
Assistance was given by Research 
Division, Department of Public Health. 

Many of the recommendations made 
by the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education in July 1966 were a restate 
ment of those made by the SRNA in 
the Brief submitted to the Committee. 
Those of particular significance and 
upon which action has been taken are: 

1. Removal of diploma schools of 
nursing from hospitals, whose primary 
function is service to the patient, not 
education. 

2. Transfer of financial control of 
these schools of nursing from the De 
partment of Public Health, whose pri 
mary function is health services, to the 
Department of Education, whose pri 
mary function is education. 

3. Regionalization (centralization) 
of schools of nursing so that the best 
use can be made of all resources 
(teacher, student, clinical experience, 
physical facilities and financial). 

4. Development of shortened and 
improved educational diploma nursing 
programs with control over the nursing 
student s required educational expe 
riences. Minimum standards for short 
ened programs were established by the 
SRNA and approved by the Senate of 
the University of Saskatchewan in 1963. 

5. Development of a four-year inte 
grated baccalaureate program at the 
University of Saskatchewan School of 
Nursing. 

6. Increased financial support to 
students enrolling in any of the nursing 
programs. 

The Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education further recommended that 
the SRNA continue to retain control 
of minimum standards for eligibility 
into the profession and continue to 
conduct licensing examinations. This 
control is essential so that nursing 
standards may be maintained and 
nurses may be protected in their pro 
fessional practice. 

An amendment to the Education Act 

APRIL 1967 



provided for the transfer of diploma 
nursing education programs from the 
Department of Public Health to the 
Department of Education. Proclama 
tion of a new Act Respecting the Edu 
cation for Nurses was given in March 
1966. It established a Board of Nursing 
Education to function in an advisory 
capacity to the Minister of Education. 
Of the 12 members on this Board, six 
are nurses representing the SRNA. The 
current chairman is the medical repre 
sentative from the College of Physi 
cians and Surgeons. This Board con 
cerns itself with diploma nursing edu 
cation and later will assume control of 
that for ancillary nursing personnel. It 
is anticipated that once the new system 
of diploma nursing education is esta 
blished, attention will be given to the 
educational programs for psychiatric 
nurses and the nursing assistant. 

The SRNA has recommended, that 
when the new shortened programs in 
diploma nursing education are est 
ablished: the nursing assistant pro 
gram be discontinued; the program 
preparing psychiatric nurses be dis 
continued; and special programs 
should be established to allow psy 
chiatric nurses to complete the re 
quirements for registration into the 
SRNA. 

Reasons for these recommendations 
are detailed in the Association s Brief 
to the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing 
Education in 1965. 

Changes at the departmental level 

As diploma nursing education is 
post-secondary level, it presented dif 
ficulties to the Department of Educa 
tion as to where it would fit into the 
Department s current structured divi 
sions. There did not appear to be a 
division specific to post-secondary edu 
cation. However, a national educational 
trend appears to be emphasizing the 
need to develop post-secondary edu 
cation programs, thus providing for 
the group of high school graduates who 
may not wish to go on to university 
but need further education for employ 
ment. Hopefully, community colleges 
may be developed for this group. It is 
understood that the Department of 
Education in Saskatchewan is consider 
ing this educational movement which 
would involve structure changes within 
the department. However, until such 
time as this change occurs, the Depart 
ment of Education has organized a nur 
sing division which is directly respons 
ible to the Deputy Minister of Edu 
cation. 

The Department of Education ap 
pointed Sister Therese Castonguay as 
the Superintendent of Nursing Educa 
tion of the nursing division. She is re 
sponsible for development of diploma 

APRIL 1967 



nursing education in Saskatchewan. 
This means establishment of the re 
gional (central) schools of nursing and 
phasing out of the current hospital 
schools of nursing. This is a major 
task, requiring a great deal of organiza 
tion and careful implementation of the 
planned changes. 

Plans are in progress for the esta 
blishment of the first regional (central) 
school of nursing by September 1967. 
It will be located in Saskatoon at the 
Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences 
(formerly known as Saskatchewan 
Technical Institute) which is partially 
post-secondary education. When this 
school of nursing is established, it is 
expected that the Centralized Teaching 
Program (presently located in Saska 
toon) will close and the seven parti 
cipating hospital schools of nursing 
will stop enrolling students. These 
seven schools will complete the pro 
grams for students currently enrolled in 
their respective schools, however. Four 
of these seven schools of nursing are 
not located in Saskatoon, and their 
distance from this city varies from 
75 to 200 miles. 

Once the regional (central) school 
of nursing is established in Saskatoon, 
plans will then proceed for the develop 
ment of another in Regina. This invol 
ves four hospital schools of nursing, of 
which two schools are located in a 
smaller city 40 miles away. 

When community colleges develop 
post-secondary education programs in 
Saskatchewan, it is hoped Regina will 
be given first consideration and that 
our second regional (central) school 
will be established within such a 
college. The Association has stated 
that "future diploma programs should 
be established in institutions conduct 
ing post-high school programs which 
have a emphasis on higher education," 
and that their curricula "should be 
composed of a balance between general 
education and nursing courses." 

Three standing committees have 
been established by the Board of 
Nursing Education, with a member of 
the Board as chairman of each. These 
committees on building, curriculum, 
and standards have already held 
meetings. Blueprints for the space allo 
cated to nursing in the Institute of 
Applied Arts and Sciences in Saskatoon 
are completed. The curriculum plan is 
being developed and standards for the 
regional (central) school are being 
established. 

Planning for further change 

The current Requirements for Ap 
proval of Schools of Nursing and Ad 
mission to the Saskatchewan Re 
gistered Nurses Association are being 
used as the base line upon which to 



build a curriculum and define standards 
for the new schools. 

Policies for nursing students in the 
regional (central) schools of nursing 
should provide for a greater degree of 
freedom and responsibility for the stu 
dent and his or her learning. Locating 
these schools of nursing in institutes of 
higher education should attract stu 
dents from a larger resource pool 
married women, men, and students 
who normally may not have chosen 
nursing. 

Recruitment and selection methods 
need to be further developed, as do 
counseling programs in high schools, 
regional (central) schools, and bacca 
laureate nursing education programs. 

Provincially and institutionally, con 
tinuing education programs will need to 
be established. Workshops, institutes, 
and inservice education must be plan 
ned. Provision for extension courses 
will need to be made by the University 
of Saskatchewan. These needs have 
always been present but are greater 
with the graduates from the new short 
ened diploma and the integrated bacca 
laureate programs. 

Will it meet the needs? 

Will the changes meet the nursing 
service needs of the community? The 
answer: They must. Nurses must see 
that they do. 

The reason for such a major change 
in nursing education was to bring both 
quality and quantity of nursing care 
into line with needs. The opportunity 
is now present to develop nursing 
education programs that could prepare 
the nurse of tomorrow to meet society s 
changing health needs. Nursing service 
needs of society must always serve as 
guides in development of nursing edu 
cation programs. 

Nurses must continually keep a hand 
on the "pulse" of the community s 
needs and govern the development of 
programs accordingly. We must keep 
informed and aware of the students 
educational needs and desire to nurse. 
We must continue research into the 
quantity and quality of nursing care 
required by patients with different med 
ical and dependency needs. Last, but 
most important, we must be ever mind 
ful of the patients whom we serve. We 
must listen carefully to what they are 
saying and guide our service accord 
ingly. This is our professional obliga 
tion. We must see that the individual 
needs of patients are met. 

Changes in nursing education must 
meet the individual patient s needs or 
we have failed as a profession. D 

Bibliography available on request from 
Editor, The Canadian Nurse. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



From communication 
to coordination 



When a young, depressed woman committed suicide shortly after her baby s 
birth, nurses at several health agencies in Jerusalem decided to take 
action to prevent further tragedies. 



The mother of a six-month old 
baby disappeared from her home. Two 
days later she was found in a small 
cave outside the City of Jerusalem, 
dead from an overdose of barbiturates. 

This woman had been hospitalized 
in a psychiatric ward for a short pe 
riod after the birth of her child because 
of depression. Later, she was put un 
der the care of a psychiatric outpatient 
clinic. The family requested that the 
hospitalization be held confidential, 
and so no information was communi 
cated to the maternal and child health 
station. Although the mother came to 
the center from time to time, the baby 
was usually brought by the husband or 
grandmother, who shied away from 
inquiries about the young mother. 

Considerable soul-searching by both 
the psychiatric staff and the health 
center personnel followed the tragedy. 
Should the family s wish for secrecy 
have been granted? Should it have 
taken precedence over the patient s 
need for intensive follow-up care? 
There was no definite answer for this 
particular case. It was clear, however, 
that better communication and coordi 
nation between the hospitals and other 
health agencies in the city were needed. 

A second incident further strength 
ened this belief. A new immigrant who 
lived in a small village about 15 miles 
from Jerusalem gave birth to a low- 
weight baby. On this woman s fourth 
postpartum day her father-in-law died. 
She decided that she had to return 
home to look after her relatives dur- 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Rebecca Bergman, R.N., Ed.D. 

ing the seven-day mourning period. 
Against medical advice, she signed her 
self and the baby out of hospital and 
returned home. 

The notice that was sent to the dis 
trict health office about this mother 
reached the appropriate nurse two days 
later. Fortunately, the nurse was in 
the village one of three which she 
services on the day the mother and 
baby returned home. When neighbors 
told her of their return, she went to 
the home immediately and found the 
baby, blue and cold, lying in a room 
full of people. She at once wrapped 
the baby in cotton, moved it into a 
warm, isolated corner, and called the 
doctor. Early nursing intervention pro 
bably saved this baby s life. 

Directors meet 

Several of the public health nurses 
decided to look for ways to prevent 
such incidents. They invited the direc 
tors of nursing of the major health 
agencies that service Jerusalem to a 
meeting. Agencies represented were 
the district health office, which pro 
vides service in the Jerusalem villages; 
the municipal health service, which 
offers maternal, child and school 
health services in the city; a voluntary 
public health agency, which provides 
comprehensive care for one section of 
Jerusalem; three major hospitals, 

Dr. Bergman is with the Department of 
Social Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadas- 
sah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. 



which are all voluntary; the district 
mental health office; and a health in 
surance agency that provides curative 
care in outpatient clinics to residents 
of the city and district. 

The response was immediate and 
positive. Several of the agencies al 
ready had informal contacts with other 
services; even so, they believed it was 
important to build up regular channels 
of communication with all groups. 

The immediate goals were to exa 
mine the existing system of inter- 
agency nursing referral, and to set up 
the mechanism of communication to 
provide continuity of nursing care for 
patients as they moved between public 
health, outpatient clinic, and hospital. 

Agency nurses meet weekly 

A team of four nurses, one from 
each of the three public health agen 
cies and the health insurance agency, 
arranged to meet weekly in the pe- 
diatric ward of each of the three hos 
pitals. Here they are joined by the 
head nurses of the pediatric and obstet 
ric services, the hospital social worker, 
and a pediatrician assigned by the 
head of the department. Head nurses 
or physicians of any service can join 
the meeting if they wish to refer a 
patient for follow-up care. The mental 
health nursing coordinator for Jeru 
salem also attends these meetings when 
she wishes to communicate with any 
of the agencies. 

Histories of new patients, patients 
ready to be discharged from hospital, 

APRIL 1967 




and patients who have special needs 
are reviewed. The field nurses bring 
information about patients families 
and environments when requested or 
if they believe such information would 
be helpful. They take notes about each 
patient s home-care needs, and for 
ward this information to the family 
nurse on the same or next day. Feed 
back on discharged patients is also 
reported to the hospital. 

Many problems discussed at these 
weekly, two-hour meetings are refer 
red to the nursing director group, 
which meets every two months. 

Staff education 

Many of the hospital nurses had 
never worked in a clinic or public 
health setting, and some public health 
nurses had not been employed in hos 
pital for many years. Over a period of 
several months, a two-day rotation of 
key nurses was carried out to enable 
them to see what their colleagues were 
doing in the other services. This 
brought them up-to-date on relevant 
practices and strengthened personal 
ties for future cooperation. 

The committee members found that 
they were not sufficiently familiar with 
community resources. To remedy this, 
small subcommittees visited and 
brought back reports on facilities for 
retarded children, rheumatic fever clin 
ics, nursing homes for the aged, etc. 
These reports were later shared with 
the staff in each agency. 
APRIL 1967 



Problems to be solved 

Several problems required imme 
diate attention. Birth notices from the 
hospitals were sent to the district 
health office and from there to the 
public health services. The time gap 
varied from several days to weeks. At 
our first meeting, the public health 
nurses emphasized the importance of 
receiving early notification of birth so 
they could prepare for the return of 
mother and baby. The hospital direc 
tors of nursing and the supervisor 
from the district health office explained 
this need to the clerical staff. Now, 
notice is received by the public health 
nurse within a few days of the baby s 
birth. 

A second problem involved the im 
portance of communicating relevant 
information about the patient in time 
for appropriate action to be taken. 
Several sessions of the inservice and 
administrative meetings in each agen 
cy centered around this problem. In 
addition, various resources and chan 
nels for continuity of care were out 
lined for staff. 

Although the three public health 
services offered care to mothers and 
children, work with other patients fre 
quently was limited, depending on the 
policy of each agency. As change in 
policy was beyond the competence of 
the nursing committee, it was decided 
to begin the new program primarily 
with mothers and children, while 
gathering data that could be used 
when presenting a plan for expanded 



Hadassah - Hebrew University 
Medical Center in Jerusalem. The 
village of En Kerem is in foreground. 



services to the boards of the agencies. 

Different practices in child care 
were being taught in the agencies, often 
to the confusion of mother and nurse. 
For example, one hospital left the de 
cision of breast-feeding up to the mo 
ther; the health center nurses, to whom 
these mothers were referred for super 
vision, encouraged mothers to breast 
feed their babies, according to the pol 
icy of their agency. A combined meet 
ing of nurses and doctors from the 
hospital and public health service was 
set up, and the rationale of each 
method explained. On some points 
agreement was reached; on others, the 
agency s policy was clarified and taken 
into consideration when planning for 
continued care. 

Since Jerusalem hospitals admit 
emergency cases by rotation on set 
days, a patient might be referred to 
a different hospital for each admis 
sion. This was particularly true with 
children of immigrant families who 
had frequent hospitahzations, usually 
on an emergency basis. The disad 
vantages were obvious. The nursing 
committee asked the inter-hospital 
committee to consider readmission of 
children to the same hospital regard 
less of the admission day, unless other 
wise requested by the family. This 
was arranged and is now in force. 

One of the public health agencies 
had the impression that the number 
of umbilical infections of the newborn 
was increasing. The nursing director 
brought this information to the meet- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 




ing, and it was decided to record all 
such infections in hospitals and homes. 
Soon the problem was traced to the 
nursery of one hospital. The tech 
nique there was revised and the in 
fections disappeared. 

The hospital nurses reported to the 
committee that the large number of 
visitors to the maternity wards exhaust 
ed the mothers and interfered with 
care. They requested that public health 
nurses ask the pregnant women to 
arrange for fewer visitors. The public 
health nurses believed it would be bet 
ter to extend the visiting hours, and 
use a special room for visits. The com 
mittee decided to conduct a sample 
survey of pregnant women, mothers 
in the obstetrical ward, and hospital 
and public health staff to obtain opin 
ions and suggestions before recom 
mending guidelines. This survey is 
presently being carried out. 

Another area still being reviewed in 
volves the roles of the nurse and so 
cial worker. Leading social workers 
were invited to join the committee for 
a session in which work problems were 
discussed and literature on the sub 
ject reviewed. The next step will be 
to hold a meeting with senior repre 
sentatives of nursing and social work 
education to see what is being taught 
about the other discipline, and to what 
degree the schools can contribute to 
the clarification of roles and promote 
better cooperation. 

The committee is now pressing for 
the expansion of after-care services 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Baby being weighed at the Hadassah 
Family and Community Health Center, 
Kiryat Hayovel, Jerusalem, 




for all patients who require it. Two of 
the public health agencies have broad 
ened their eligibility criteria. The health 
insurance agency is considering an in 
crease in the number of nurses who 
will provide treatment for home-bound 
patients. Voluntary groups, such as 
the homemaker service and the cancer 
association, are being involved in 
creasingly in the care of patients who 
have been referred by nurses. 

Summary 

Much ground has been covered in 
the two and one-half years since the 
first meeting. The two major accom 
plishments probably are the channels 
that have been opened for coordina 
tion through communication, and the 
readiness to study any problem area in 
which nurses can contribute to better 
patient care. Q 



i 

The public health nurse receives early 
notification of a birth so that she can 
prepare for the mother and baby s 
return to the community. 



APRIL 1967 



Current status of 
cancer chemotherapy 



Although still a young field with more problems than answers, cancer 
chemotherapy holds much promise for the future. 



I.W.D. Henderson, M.D. 



It is already becoming increasingly 
difficult to know which of many drugs 
should be chosen for a particular pa 
tient suffering from incurable cancer. 
As yet there is no proven method to 
determine the sensitivity of tumors in 
the same manner that bacteriological 
sensitivity can be established against 
antibiotics. Recent studies 1 2 suggest, 
however, that the prognosis of a given 
cancer can be established accurately 
by biochemical analysis of the cell s 
potential for spread and tissue des 
truction, and that biochemical cell 
weaknesses can be discovered and ex 
ploited by means of available drugs. 

The family of anti-cancer agents 
includes artificially-produced substan 
ces as well as natural products obtain 
ed from animals (antibiotics) or plants 
(botanicals). Each type of cancer tends 
to follow a pattern of sensitivity, so 
that educated guesses can be made as 
to the most suitable compound that 
should be tried. The difficulty arises 
when a patient does not respond to 
the "most-likely" compound and a 
change must be made. Since all these 
substances are highly toxic, not only 
to tumor tissues but to normal cells 
of the body, it may be necessary to 
wait a few weeks before embarking 
on a second course using another drug. 

In general, those cells in the body 
that divide most rapidly are those most 
affected by any substance that is toxic. 
Since the lining cells of the stomach, 
small bowel, and large bowel have a 
high turnover rate, they therefore are 

APRIL 1967 





Dr. Henderson is Cancer Chemotherapist 

at The Montreal General Hospital. 



rapidly killed by a wide variety of 
drugs that are capable of killing ma 
lignant cells. For this reason toxicity 
of the gastrointestinal tract is fre 
quently encountered during chemothe 
rapy. In like manner, the bone mar 
row is one of the most active tissues 
in the body; patients receiving cancer 
chemotherapeutic agents must have 
frequent estimations of hemoglobin, 
white blood cells, and platelets. 

Clinically, the usual side-effects of 
the compounds are nausea, anorexia, 
diarrhea and abdominal cramping pain. 
Stomatitis can be a problem as the 
cells in the mouth also metabolize 
rapidly. The hematological depressions 
caused by drugs produce anemia with 
its usual side-effects of fatigue, lethar 
gy, insomnia, shortness of breath, and 
muscle weakness. A low white cell 
count often leads to superimposed in 
fection of one type or another, and a 
drop in platelets (thrombocytopenia) 
is the basic cause of bleeding in the 
gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or 
internal organs. 

Perhaps it is the incidence of side- 
effects such as these that make many 
physicians hesitant to use the com 
pounds in very sick persons. Never 
theless, a large number of patients can 
be helped with minimum side-effects 
if the drugs are administered carefully 
and expertly with proper monitoring of 
blood counts. 

Pharmacology 

For classification, anti-cancer drugs 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



are separated into alkylating agents, 
antimetabolites, antibiotics, botanicals 
and hormones. In addition, there are 
a number of compounds that are dif 
ficult to classify for their mode of ac 
tion is not yet entirely known des 
pite the fact that they are claimed to 
be effective in certain types of malig 
nant disease. (Table /). 

Alkylating Agents 

Alkylating agents form a large fam 
ily of drugs, including nitrogen mus 
tard, phenylalanine mustard (Alker- 
an), phenylbutyric mustard (Chloram- 
bucil or Leukeran), cyclophosphamide 
(Procyotx), and triethylene thiopho- 
sphoramide (Thio-Tepa). 

In general, all alyklating agents do 
the same thing when brought into 
contact with living cells. Within each 
cell is a nucleus containing the genetic 
material called chromosomes, half of 
which are derived from the female 
parent, and half from the male. These 
structures are formed of nucleic acids, 
and contain a high concentration of 
free electrons. It has been demonstrat 
ed that alkylating agents, which are 
short of electrons, are attracted to the 
heart of these chromosomes where 
they react strongly, causing "cross- 
linking," or, stated simply, a "gluing 
together" of the strands. 

During cell division, half the chro 
mosomes go to one daughter cell and 
half to the other. If the chromosomes 
are glued together, this cannot take 
place; consequently, the cells become 
sterile and die of "old age." 

Alkylating agents have the same 
effect on chromosomes and nucleic 
acids as ionizing radiation. For this 
reason, their effect sometimes is des 
cribed as radiomimetic. 

Some of the alkylating agents, such 
as nitrogen mustard, must be given 
intravenously; others, such as Chlor- 
ambucil and cyclophosphamide, are 
available as tablets. The drugs as a 
class are most useful in the treatment 
of malignant lymphomas. This overall 
term includes many distinct diseases, 
such as Hodgkin s disease, lympho- 
sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and 
giant follicular lymphoma. When re 
missions of these diseases occur, the 
picture can be startling and dramatic. 
A neckfull of large, swollen lymph 
glands may appear normal within a 
very few weeks. Likewise, large epi 
gastric masses may disappear in a very 
short time and not require further 
treatment for many months or even 
years. Linked to the lymphomas is 
chronic lymphatic leukemia; here, 
again, the alkylating agents are very 
effective. 

Many true cancers, such as carci- 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Classification of Anti-cancer Drugs 

1) Alkylating Agents: 

Primary target. Nucleic acids of cell nuclei 

2) Antimetabolites: 

Interfere with manufacture of essential ground substances and en 
zymes within cells. 

3) Certain Antibiotics: 

4) Botanicals: 

Complicated substances from plants. 

5) Hormones: 

Male type; female type; adrenal type. 

6) Miscellaneous: 

Synthetically produced for a specific toxic action. Some are alkylating, 
some antimetabolic, some have unknown mode of action. 

TABLE 1 



noma of the breast and carcinoma of 
the ovary, also respond to alkylating 
agents. Other malignant diseases, in 
cluding carcinoma of the bronchus 
and carcinoma of the kidney, respond 
poorly to these agents. Even here, how 
ever, the occasional patient does ex 
tremely well. 

Antimetabolites 

Antimetabolites are much more 
complicated in action since they in 
terfere with the manufacture of com 
plicated chemical compounds within 
the body. In any cell simple substances 
are combined in multiple stages to 
form complex molecules of protein 
and nucleic acids. Malignant cells 
have, in general, a higher growth rate 
than normal cells. They form a "tu 
mor," and have voracious appetites 
for a number of simple chemical sub 
stances that eventually are incorpo 
rated as complex molecules into their 
cell substances. 

Many drugs interfere with the en 
zymes that carry out biosynthetic as 
sembly lines. Ajitivitamins and anti- 
proteins are examples. So far the most 
useful compounds in this series have 
been anti-purines and anti-pyrimi- 
dines. This merely means that they 
block the synthesis or manufacture of 
nucleic acids, the basic ground sub 
stance of cell nuclei and especially 
chromosomes. Perhaps the best known 
in this group is the drug amethopterine 
(Methotrexate) which prevents the 
conversion of folic acid into the active 



compound tetrahydrofolic acid, which 
is necessary in the manufacture of 
purines. 

Methotrexate is most useful in the 
highly malignant disease of women 
called choriocarcinoma. This disease 
also occurs in men, where it arises in 
the testes, but for some unknown rea 
son does not respond to Methotrexate. 
In women, where the tumor arises in 
the products of conception, notably 
the placenta or a hydatidiform mole, 
it rapidly grows and spreads through 
out the body to lungs, brain, and many 
other organs. For these patients, Meth 
otrexate can be lifesaving. The drug 
is administered in 5 to 10 day courses 
with intervals of 6 weeks between 
each course. It can be given intra 
venously or by mouth with a minimum 
of side-effects. The results are some 
times dramatic in that patients sud 
denly get well, and the chest x-ray 
that previously demonstrated large 
masses of tumor growing throughout 
the lungs quickly reverts to normal 
within a few weeks. 

It is said that 85 percent of pa 
tients with choriocarcinoma will res 
pond to this drug, although only about 
one-half of that number will have long- 
term remissions or cures. There are 
now many examples of patients who 
have had further children without any 
evidence of tumor recurrence. 

Antibiotics 

Many antibiotics not only kill vi 
ruses and bacteria but also affect malig- 

APRIL 1967 



Uses of Chemotherapy 

I Adjunctive to Surgery 

a. For circulating cancer cells 

b. For washouts 

c. For effusions 

II Adjunctive to Radiotherapy 

Possible radiopotentiation 

III Systemic Chemotherapy 

a. Leukemias 

b. Lymphomas || decreasing 

c. Carcinomas ^usefulness 

d. Sarcomas 

IV Regional Chemotherapy 

a. Perfusions 

b. Intra-arterial infusions. 

TABLE 2 



nant tissue. The best known is act- 
inomycin, which was discovered by 
Waksman of Rutgers University while 
he was looking for the anti-tubercu 
lous drug streptomycin. When he dis 
covered streptomycin, he forgot about 
actinomycin, which seemed far too tox 
ic for use. After his retirement, how 
ever, he carried out further work on 
the possibility that this drug, which 
was so toxic to bone marrow, might 
be a useful compound in treating ma 
lignant diseases. So indeed it proved. 

Actinomycin also has become a use 
ful compound in basic scientific re 
search in genetics. The reason for 
this is its tendency to combine with 
nucleic acids of the cell in such a way 
that the messages from the nucleus 
cannot be transmitted to the cytoplasm. 
This results in a breakdown of "inter 
nal" communication and a lack of syn 
thesis of cellular substances. It is lar 
gely because actinomycin became 
available to science that the so-called 
genetic code and the dynamics of syn 
thesis within cells have been elucidat 
ed within the last year or two. 

In cancer, actinomycin is most use 
ful in a variety of childhood malignan 
cies and has been used alone or in com 
bination with radiotherapy in sarco 
mas in adults. Sometimes the drug 
is used in combination with an alky- 
lating agent and an antimetabolite 
(triple therapy) as is the case in tera- 
tocarcinomas of the testes in adult 
males. 

Botanicals 

Many substances found in plants 
have proven effective in destroying 
malignant cells. One well-known exam 
ple is the periwinkle flower. This 
small, blue, wild flower, which grows 
in the Eastern part of North America 

APRIL 1967 



and in the Caribbean, has been used 
by herbalists among the primitive peo 
ples of North America for many hun 
dreds of years. In the folklore of the 
North American Indian, periwinkle 
tea was used for "wasting diseases." 
It is not known what this really meant. 
Since it could refer to cancer, tuber 
culosis, or possibly diabetes, the sub 
stance has been studied in great detail 
both in Canada and the United States. 

Initially it was found that the her 
bal preparations contained a wide va 
riety of complicated substances known 
as alkaloids. It took many years to 
separate these. None has been found 
to affect tuberculosis and only one 
of seven alkaloids has any effect on 
blood sugar levels. They are all use 
ful, however, in a variety of malignant 
diseases. 

On the market at the present time 
are vinblastine (Velbe) and vincris- 
tine (Oncovin). Vinblastine is most 
useful in the lymphoma group, espe 
cially if they have become resistant 
to the alkylating agents. It has also 
been effective in many other forms of 
cancer although at a lower degree of 
efficiency. Vincristine can also be 
used in lymphomas. In combination 
with steroids, it has made a tremen 
dous difference in the treatment of 
acute leukemia in both childhood and 
adult life. Over 90 percent of chil 
dren with acute leukemia can be 
brought into remission for varying 
lengths of time with this combination. 
In addition, vincristine has been used 
with a fair degree of success in malig 
nant brain tumors. A third alkaloid, 
vinglycine is now under clinical trial 
in the United States. 

Hormones 

Hormones are of many varieties: 
female-type, male-type, adrenal or 
corticosteroids, and, of course, other 
hormones related to the function of 
the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland 
and other endocrine organs such as 
the thymus. In cancer, female hor 
mones are most useful in carcinoma of 
the prostate where it is possible to 
control the disease for many years. 
They are sometimes very effective in 
older women with inoperable or incur 
able carcinoma of the breast. 

Male hormones are used as a treat 
ment of carcinoma of the female breast 
in younger women. A surprisingly high 
number of patients with clear cell 
carcinoma of the kidney may have 
tumor regressions over long periods 
when extra male hormone are given. 
There are now male hormones or an- 
drogens that do not have the virilizing 
side-effects of hirsutism, voice change, 
enlargement of the clitoris, and a chan 



ge in body hair distribution. This is a 
real advance, for physicians used to 
hesitate to use male hormone in young 
women with breast cancer because of 
these undesirable symptoms. 

The corticosteroids are used in a 
wide variety of malignant diseases, in 
cluding leukemias, lymphomas, carci 
nomas of the breast, and often as an 
adjunct to other forms of chemothe 
rapy or radiation, especially if there 
is any degree of peri-tumoral edema. 
Prednisone is a prime example of this 
family of compounds and is probably 
the most widely used of the group. 

Clinical uses 

It is difficult to be dogmatic at this 
time regarding the clinical situations 
where cancer chemotherapy is indi 
cated. Table II classifies the possible 
areas where drugs could or should be 
considered. 

Surgery, of course, is the first line 
of attack against any malignant di 
seases, other than those that effect the 
general lymph gland structure of the 
body and leukemia. Nevertheless, it 
is recognized that a large number of 
cancers have metastasized even before 
symptoms have been produced and the 
patient reaches a doctor. Because of 
this the best of surgery may result in 
incomplete cure. In general, this is 
the fate today of two-thirds of pa 
tients with cancer. These patients will 
return after varying time intervals with 
metastases in bones, liver, lungs, brain, 
skin, and sometimes throughout the 
entire body. 

Radiotherapy, like surgery, is a lo 
cal treatment; it is incapable of irra- 
dicating disseminated disease. It still 
is useful, however, in advanced cancer 
to decrease the growth of bone metas 
tases that are causing pain and that 
may go on to pathological fracture. 

To find out if suitable drugs given 
immediately postoperatively will de 
crease the incidence of late metastases, 
the Chemotherapy National Service 
Center of Washington, D.C. is carry 
ing out an enormous study, which in 
cludes most large hospitals in the 
North American Continent. Although 
the study is ongoing, it already shows 
that there is a significant improvement 
in some cancers when specific drugs 
are added. An example is in carcinoma 
of the breast. The use of drugs in this 
way is usually refered to as adjuvant 
chemotherapy. 

In the treatment of malignant ef 
fusions, either drugs or the radioiso- 
topes of gold or phosphorus may be 
employed. If the effusion is in the peri 
cardia! sac, the results are extremely 
good. Approximately three-quarters of 
malignant effusions affecting the pleu- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3? 



ral cavity can be controlled if the 
fluid is first withdrawn and a suitable 
drug instilled. The treatment of malig 
nant ascites is less successful, possibly 
because it is extremely difficult to dry 
out completely the abdominal cavity. 
Drugs or radioisotopes are thus diluted 
to the point of being less effective. 
Nevertheless, about half of the pa 
tients with malignant ascites may re 
ceive worthwhile palliation. 

The other adjuvant study that is un 
der heavy scrutiny at present invol 
ves the use of chemical agents to kill 
cancer cells that may be spilled into 
the pleural or peritoneal cavity, or 
into a wound through which a cancer 
has been excised. There is some doubt 
at present whether one can do more 
harm than good by instilling a toxic 
substance that affects the cells respon 
sible for wound healing or those con 
cerned with resistance of the wound 
against infection. Certain types of can 
cer cells are quite resistant to chemical 
agents unless these are used in unduly 
high concentrations, which, unfortu 
nately, may create areas of chronic 
inflammation and, later, adhesions. 

At The Montreal General Hospital, 
the practice is to use nitrogen mustard 
at the concentration of 2 mg. % with 
in the abdominal cavity or the pelvis 
if the operating surgeon feels that 
there has been a possibility of disse 
mination of cancer cells. Perhaps the 
most likely situation occurs in gyne 
cological practice where large cystic 
adenocarcinomas of the ovary are some 
times broken during the maneuver 
to remove them from the pelvis. Nitro 
gen mustard works quickly and 
causes a minimum of late adhesions. 

The antibiotic actinomycin also can 
be used as an adjunct to radiotherapy. 
This substance has the remarkable 
property of potentiating the effect of 
ionizing radiation on cells. Sometimes 
this is desirable and sometimes it is 
not. Certainly a more severe skin 
reaction occurs if actinomycin is given 
while radiotherapy is being adminis 
tered. Nevertheless, in resistant tumors 
it is sometimes very worthwhile to 
make ionizing radiation more effective 
as a tumor-killing ray. This is true in 
the highly malignant Wilms tumor of 
childhood. Another instance includes 
fibrosarcomas, melanomas, and carci 
nomas of the maxillary sinus. 

Although actinomycin is not the 
only compound that is capable of 
changing the radiosensitivity of cells, 
too little work has yet been done in 
the field to be able to define exactly 
which drugs should be combined rou 
tinely with radiotherapy. 

Drugs are often given to patients 
who are beyond help from radiother- 
40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



apy or surgery. Within the field of 
the malignant lymphomas, drugs are 
combined with radiotherapy in well- 
defined and agreed patterns that de 
pend on the actual extent of the di 
sease. In disseminated carcinomas and 
sarcomas, approximately 25 to 30 per 
cent of patients will receive remis 
sions of varying duration using the 
drugs presently available. One is often 
surprised with the good results that 
can be obtained. 3 

As long as the drugs that we have 
in our armamentarium are toxic to 
the bone marrow and to the gastroin 
testinal tract, attempts to localize them 
to a given area of the body that con 
tains a malignant growth seem worth 
while. This can be done by perfusion 
where vascular isolation is accomplish 
ed by the surgeon and a second cir 
culation set up to take over a given 
area of the body. For this purpose a 
small heart-lung machine is necessary 
and into this is injected a high concen 
tration of a suitable anti-cancer com 
pound. In general only the alkylating 
agents and antibiotics are used for 
this purpose as these act reasonably 
fast, unlike the antimetabolites that 
take many hours to be effective. Per 
fusion normally lasts one-half to three- 
quarters of an hour, after which the 
vascular system is reconnected to the 
rest of the body and the artificial heart- 
lung circulation discontinued. 

Infusion is a term used to describe 
a longer-term treatment with chemo 
therapy, when it is administered into 
a small plastic catheter that has been 
placed in a blood vessel feeding an 
area of the tumor. In this instance the 
drug is allowed to circulate through 
the tumor bed into the veins of the 
body and then be diluted by the nor 
mal blood volume. At times this is 
all that is required, for one achieves 
a high concentration of the drug with 
in the tumor and a low concentration 
in the general circulation. Neverthe 
less, sometimes even the low systemic 
concentration is harmful to suscepti 
ble organs. For this reason it must be 
neutralized with an antidote given ei 
ther orally or intramuscularly by the 
nursing staff. This antidote is given in 
sufficient amount to neutralize the low 
concentration in the blood and, as 
such, will neutralize a small part of 
the drug going through the tumor bed. 
Even so, the concentration of the drug 
within the tumor is so high that the 
small amount of antidote will not 
interfere with its action. 

Infusion is being used increasingly 
for treatment of the liver, pancreas, 
pelvis, brain and lungs. A new form 
of infusion apparatus has been devised 
and is now in use in certain centers 



of the United States. The patient is 
allowed out of hospital, and even back 
to work. He wears a small portable 
pump powered by a battery or a clock 
mechanism that delivers a small con 
centration of drug each minute into 
an artery leading to the part of the 
body harboring a malignant tumor. 
Such outpatient ambulatory infusional 
therapy can be carried on as long as 
60 days if necessary. Results so far are 
encouraging while the mechanical as 
pects are becoming safer as more pa 
tients are treated. 

Perfusion, on the other hand, has 
not been used recently as often as it 
was some years ago, but may be rein- 
stituted as a valuable tool when new 
compounds that are highly effective in 
a short period of time, but still toxic 
to bone marrow and the gastro-intes- 
tinal tract, are found. 

Cancer chemotherapy is still a young 
field with more problems than answers, 
but with a great deal of promise for 
the future. New drugs are constantly 
being manufactured throughout the 
world and as each one enters clinical 
trials there is renewed hope of real 
benefit to cancer patients who are not 
curable by surgery or radiation. 

References 

1. Bickis, I. J. and Henderson, I.W.D. 
Biochemical studies of human tumors. 
Estimation of tumor malignancy from 
metabolic measurements in vitro. Can 
cer, vol. 19, no. 1, Jan. 1966. 

2. Bickis, I. J., Henderson, I. W. D., and 
Quastel, J. H. Biochemical studies of 
human tumors. In vitro estimation of 
individual tumor sensitivity to anti-can 
cer agents. Cancer, vol. 19, no. 1, Jan. 
1966. 

3. Henderson, I. W. D., Lipowski, B., 
Klaassen, D. J. Seminar on cancer che- 
motherapeutic management of malignan 
cy. Applied Therapeutics, Vol. 9, no. 1, 
Jan. 1967. Q 



APRIL 1967 



Regional cancer 
chemotherapy 



A description of the techniques of perfusion and infusion of anti-cancer drugs, 
and the nurse s responsibilities. 



Pamela Edwards 



The use of anti-cancer drugs in 
regional chemotherapy and as ad 
juncts to surgery and radiotherapy 
is becoming increasingly important. 
When properly administered, these 
drugs can provide effective means of 
controlling metastases to distant organs 
and of relieving pain caused by estab 
lished tumors. 

The field of chemotherapy includes 
the use of infusion and perfusion as 
well as the systemic administration 
of drugs. 

Perfusion 

Perfusion is the method by which 
chemotherapeutic drugs are adminis 
tered intra-arterially, using an extra- 
corporeal circulation to an area of 
the body, usually a limb, which has 
been isolated by the occlusion of col 
lateral vessels. (Figure I.) This tech 
nique is performed in the operating 
room and requires a heart-lung ma 
chine to take over the circulation of 
the isolated area. 

After isolating the blood supply, 
catheters are inserted into the artery 
and vein that feed the area of the 
body containing the tumor. Into this 
re-circulation is injected a high con 
centration of chemotherapeutic agents 
that circulate for about one-half to 
three-quarters of an hour. Alkylating 
agents and special antibiotics are 
usually the drugs of choice as they 
are fast acting. 

All drug dosages are based on the 
patient s weight, that is, his ideal 

APRIL 1967 




Miss Edwards, a graduate of University 
College Hospital, London, England, is 
Chemotherapy Service Nurse at The Mon 
treal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 

weight minus edema or fat, and, to 
some extent, on the amount of fluid 
of the heart-lung machine. This may 
vary from 500 cc. in newer machines 
to 1500 cc. in the older types. 

Indications for Perfusion 

Perfusion may be used to shrink a 
lesion to render it operable; to treat 
lesions that are unlikely to respond 



to surgery or radiation; and to treat 
recurrent lesions in areas that can be 
isolated vascularly. 

As it is impossible to isolate any 
part of the body completely, there is 
a spillage or "leak" from the perfused 
area to the systemic circulation. This 
spillage is measured by adding radio- 
iodinated serum albumen (RISA) to 
the pump oxygenator at the commen 
cement of the perfusion. At the end of 
the perfusion samples of blood are 
taken from patient and pump and 
compared with the original sample of 
RISA injected. From these figures it 
is possible to calculate the "percentage 
spill." 

Hypothermia is used to minimize 
the spill and protect the bone marrow 
from toxicity. The body is cooled to 
30C (88F) before the perfusion 
starts; any drug that spills into the sys 
temic circulation during perfusion is 
relatively harmless at this temper 
ature. Meantime, the area being per 
fused is kept at the correct temper 
ature for the specific drug to be most 
effective. 

Possible Complications 

Complications that may occur fol 
lowing perfusion include: 1. systemic 
toxic reactions anorexia, nausea, 
vomiting, diarrhea; 2. bone marrow 
depression leukopenia, thrombo- 
cytopenia, anemia; 3. loss of hair in 
perfused areas; and 4. retardation of 
incisional healing (skin grafts may be 
necessary at a later date). 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Infusion 

This technique differs from perfu- 
sion in that there is no attempt to 
isolate the area from the systemic 
circulation. The drug is introduced 
directly into the malignant area via 
the artery that feeds it. For example, 
a catheter is inserted into the hepa 
tic artery to treat disease of the liver, 
or into the external carotid artery 
for infusion of the mouth, throat or 
sinuses. Using this method, a high 
concentration of a slow-acting anti- 
metabolite infuses through the malig 
nant tumor and then gains access 
to the general circulation. If the lower 
ed concentration there is likely to be 
toxic, an antidote may be given by 
injection. 

The two most common drugs used 
are 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate, 
given either singularly or combined. 
Methotrexate is an extremely toxic 
drug. An effective antidote, Citrovo- 
rum Factor (Leucovorin) can be given 
when necessary as an injection, a 
tablet, or as a mouthwash, if signs of 
toxicity appear in the mouth. 

Method of Infusion 

A patient who is to have an infusion 
is admitted to hospital where a hemo- 
gram (hemoglobin, white blood count 
and differential, platelets, prothrom- 
bin time and bleeding time) is done 
before the procedure. For patients 
having liver and pancreas infusions, 
plasma proteins, serum transaminase, 
alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are 
assayed at regular intervals. 

A thorough explanation is given to 
the patient as to why he is having the 
catheter inserted. Infusions usually 
are given for 7 to 10 days, 16 to 18 
hours per day, commencing in the late 
afternoon and finishing in the morn 
ing. The patient is thus able to get up 
for part of the day. 

The method by which the catheter 
or catheters are inserted is as follows: 
The patient receives a bilateral groin 
preparation as for an aortogram. He 
receives premedications one hour be 
fore he is taken to the x-ray depart 
ment. There, an aortogram or arterio- 
gram is performed to determine the 
exact blood supply of the tumor. 
Under fluoroscopy the catheter(s) is 
placed in the appropriate artery(ies) 
and about 5.0 ml. of 10 mg.% 
heparin/saline solution are injected 
via a two-way stopcock into the 
catheter to keep it from blocking. The 
stopcock is then closed and wrapped 
in a sterile towel. 

On the patient s return to the ward, 
the nurse irrigates the catheter every 
half hour with 5.0 ml. of 10 mg.% 
heparin/saline solution until the infu- 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



warm 
water 




Perfusion using a disc oxygenator 



syringe 
containing drug 



drain 



bubble trap (Cross) 



oxygen V 



artery & vein 




heat exchanger 
(water jacket) 



pump electric motor to disc (Kay-Cross) oxygenator 
revolve discs 



The system is a miniaturized heart-lung machine. The size of the disc oxy 
genator is, however, much smaller. Venous drainage is by gravity. 

Fig. 1 



Infusion using pressure cuff-plastic transfer pack 



Fenwal 1,000 cc. Disposable 
Plastic Bag combining Drug 
and Anticoagulant. 



gauge and hand pump 
(300 mmHg tolerance) 





IV pole 



Catheter through 

femoral artery and aorta 

to infuse hepatic, mesenteric, 

or renal arteries, 
depending an site of tumor. 



Fig. 2 



APRIL 1967 



sion is commenced. Catheter irriga 
tion is continued during the following 
days when the infusion is not actually 
in progress, but the frequency is de 
creased to once every three hours. 

Usually the infusion is carried out 
by a small, almost noiseless, pump 
that sits on the patient s bedside table 
and delivers the medication at the 
required speed. Air embolus can oc 
cur, however, if the bottle containing 
the medication becomes empty and 
the machine continues to pump air. 
Numerous devices have been develop 
ed to obviate this occurrence; most 
equipment includes a safety bottle that 
will run in automatically if the drug 
bottle empties and the pump is not 
stopped. This provides additional time 
for the mistake to be noticed. 

A new apparatus that is sterile, ef 
ficient, and safe has recently become 
available. It consists of a sterile, col 
lapsible, plastic bag that is filled by 
gravity from a 1000 cc. IV bottle 
of normal saline, which contains the 
drug of choice, and heparin 50 mg. 
(Figure II). Air bubbles are expelled 
from the bag and the inlet tube is 
tightly knotted. The bag is then placed 
inside a large pressure cuff with an 
attached gauge and handbulb very 
similar to a sphygmomanometer. A 
recipient set is inserted into one of 
the outlet ports of the bag, the drip 
chamber is half filled, and the bag 
inverted to hang from an intravenous 
pole. 

After the tubing from the bag is 
cleared of air, the system is completely 
air-free and ready for use. The adapter 
at the end of the recipient tubing is 
inserted into the patient s catheter and 
the stopcock opened. The handpump 
is then pressurized until the gauge re 
gisters 250-300 mm. of mercury. Over 
300 mm. of pressure is likely to burst 
the bag. The nurse caring for the 
patient is instructed to keep the pres 
sure about 250 mm., as this pressure 
is well above the normal systolic 
blood pressure and will infuse the 
fluid at the desired rate as controlled 
by a clamp on the recipient tubing. 
As an extra precaution the recipient 
set has a ball-valve in the rubber adap 
ter near the end of the tubing that 
fits into the catheter; this prevents 
backflow should there be a drop in 
the external pressure cuff. 

In addition to its safety features, 
this equipment lessens the chance of 
infection, since it comes in a sterile, 
disposable pack that can be discarded 
after each day of infusion. 

Possible Complications 

In any emergency, such as a block 
ing of the catheter, the attending 

APRIL 1967 



nurses are instructed to: 1. stop the 
infusion by either switching off the 
pump or lowering the pressure of the 
cuff to zero; 2. close the stopcock, 
disconnect the infusion set, and keep 
the stopcock end of the catheter sterile; 
3. irrigate the catheter with 5 ml. of 
10 mg.% heparin/saline solution, a 
supply of which is kept by the pa 
tient s bed. Since cold heparin/saline 
causes spasm of arteries and pain in 
the specific region, the solution is not 
refrigerated. 

If a catheter becomes blocked, a 
tuberculin syringe filled with the 
heparin/saline solution, rather than 
a large-bore syringe, is used to clear it. 
This is because a syringe with a nar 
row bore gives a higher pressure. 
Should any oozing occur at the site of 
the catheter insertion, the nurse ap 
plies a pressure dressing and calls the 
chemotherapy team or service intern. 

As the nurse looking after the pa 
tient may be the first to notice signs 
of toxicity, she has to know what to 
observe and record in the nursing 
notes, and what to report verbally to 
the doctor. 

The patient may complain of a sore 
mouth. This can lead to ulcerative 
stomatitis, especially if the infusion 
is being given into the external caro 
tid artery. If the liver is being infused, 
part of the stomach and duodenum 
also may receive a high concentration 
of the drug and ulcerate. Gastro 
intestinal hemorrhage may result. Un 
controlled nausea or vomiting require 
antiemetics such as Stelazine, Sterne- 
til or Gravol. 

Systemic toxicity of infusions that 
involve arteries leading to the large 
bowel may cause diarrhea. Bone mar 
row depression as evidenced by a 
white cell count below 3,000 or plate 
lets below 100,000/mm. are not un 
common. Repeat tests are ordered by 
the chemotherapy team every few days. 

Chemotherapeutic drugs are charted 
by the person administering them on 
a special form so that an immediate 
"birds-eye-view" is available on the 
amount and types of drugs a patient 
has received. 

General Care 

During the 7 to 10-day treatment 
program, the patient spends much of 
his time in bed; a semi-Fowler s posi 
tion is recommended as being the 
most comfortable. To prevent de- 
cubiti, he is encouraged to turn fre 
quently, and to lie on alternate sides. 
Since the position of entry of the cath 
eter is often in the femoral region, 
acute flexion at the hips is avoided 
to prevent kinking of the catheter 
and tearing of the site of insertion 



through the artery wall. Once the 
patient is up and about, walking pre 
sents little difficulty; it is when he is 
getting in and out of bed that he needs 
assistance. 

During the days that the infusion 
is in progress, the patient needs repeat 
ed reassurance from the doctor and 
nurses that everything is progressing 
well. Tranquilizers, sedatives, anal 
gesics, and antiemetics are administer 
ed as required. 

After three to four days of infu 
sion, the patient is taken to the x-ray 
department to have a straight (ab 
dominal) film and a repeat angiogram 
to ensure that the catheter is still in 
the correct position. At the end of 
the infusion the catheter is removed 
by a gentle pull, after which a pres 
sure dressing is applied over the site 
for 24 hours. 

He is usually discharged home one 
to two days later and followed in the 
chemotherapy department on an out 
patient basis. If necessary, infusion 
may be repeated. The tumor is often 
kept under control with courses of 
intravenous injections or oral medica 
tion. 

Summary 

Intra-arterial perfusion and infu 
sion of chemotherapeutic agents are 
used at present as palliative proce 
dures. Although neither is regarded 
as curative, the exploitation of many 
new drugs may change the end results 
in the near future. As long as drugs 
remain toxic, methods to localize their 
effects will continue to prove worth 
while. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



The fight 
against cancer 



Nurses daily engage in front line, face-to-face combat in the fight against cancer. 
This article from "general headquarters" reports on the overall picture in the war. 




Mace Mair 

In Canada, the first treatment of 
cancer was recorded in 1700. At that 
time a famous French-Canadian phy 
sician and scientist, Dr. Michel Sarra- 
zin, operated on Sister Marie Barbier 
de 1 Assomption of Montreal for can 
cer of the breast at the Hotel Dieu of 
Quebec. The operation was success 
ful and Sister Barbier lived for 19 
years following the surgery. The part 
nership between nurse and doctor in 
the fight against cancer can surely be 
said to date from that time. 

Real advances in the study and con 
trol of cancer came much later with 
the introduction of anesthesia, the de 
velopment of antiseptic methods, and, 
at the turn of the last century, the 
use of x-rays as diagnostic aids. 

Two voluntary organizations 

An effective force against cancer 
was mobilized in 1938 when the Cana 
dian Cancer Society was formed. 

The Society was founded following 
a request from the Canadian Medical 
Association for a lay medical associa 
tion that would assist in public educa 
tion and help bring cancer patients 
for treatment at an early stage. Its 
weapons: research, education, and ser 
vice. 

In 1947, at the instigation of the 
federal government, the National Can 
cer Institute was formed to guide and 
develop a nation-wide cancer research 

Mr. Mair is the National Information Of 
ficer for the Canadian Cancer Society. 



44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



program. The greatest portion of the 
Institute s income is supplied by the 
Society, and the two organizations are 
closely associated. They share a joint 
administrative office and one execu 
tive officer. 

The Canadian Cancer Society de 
pends almost solely on the public for 
its operating funds, which, in turn, are 
the principal support of cancer re 
search in Canada. This money is rais 
ed during the annual appeal each 
April. Supplementary income comes to 
the Society from bequests from those 
who have known the threat of cancer 
or whose families have benefited by 
programs of the Society. 

For purposes of fund-raising and 
other objectives, the Society is well or 
ganized. Divisions in each of the 10 
provinces enjoy considerable autonomy 
and operate with their own director 
ates. Over 100,000 volunteers con 
tribute to the success of the campaign, 
which has exceeded its objective every 
year since the first effort in 1949. No 
professional fund-raising organization 
is retained by the Society. The 1967 
campaign goal is $4,767,500 - - 6.7 
percent more than the 1966 figure; this 
is a customary annual increase to meet 
the rising costs of equipment and tech 
nical help. 

The objectives of the Society are 
directed to three basic areas: educa 
tion, patient welfare, and research. 
Research is the biggest and most vital 
of these and always accounts for over 
50 percent of the expenditures of the 

APRIL 1967 



Society; this money is allocated 
through the National Cancer Insti 
tute. 

Education 

Education programs receive ap 
proximately 15.4 percent of the money 
spent each year. The message is 
directed to the Canadian public and 
stresses the importance of early diag 
nosis of cancer for the best chance 
of survival. The program includes: 

Educational films. In 1965, 
383,883 showings were arranged. 

Releases for communications 
media press, radio, television and 
others. These groups have been very 
generous in cooperating with all pha 
ses of the educational program. 

School programs. Naturally, 
much of this work has emphasized the 
relationship of cigarets to lung cancer 
and a most active group has used 
films, lectures, poster and essay con 
tests (with almost 30,000 children 
participating), and exhibits. During 
1965, 1,914 schools were involved. 

Speakers. Volunteers and mem 
bers of unit and local education groups 
speak to meetings and gatherings of 
all sizes. Special events have included 
cancer forums, women s clinics, TV 
forums and addresses to nursing, med 
ical and many professional groups. 

One of the areas in which cancer 
is the most damaging is also one of 
the most challenging for educational 
work. This is in industry where it is 
estimated that there is every year a 
total loss of 60,000 man years among 
workers between the ages of 20 and 
64; this takes no account of the enor 
mous loss of time through treatment. 
And this is for a disease that Sir Alex 
ander Haddow, retiring President of 
the International Union of Cancer, 
said was 80 percent preventable. 

Welfare 

The welfare programs of staffs and 
volunteers of the Canadian Cancer 
Society are directed to the relief of 
suffering and, wherever possible, to 
enable cancer patients to live a nor- 

APRIL 1967 



mal work life in spite of any after 
effects of the disease. This program 
also is concerned with those who must 
be helped to live as comfortably as 
possible through a terminal period. 

These important services are pro 
vided free through cancer institutes 
and by arrangements with unit offices 
across Canada: 

Dressings. In any one year over 
six million dressings are provided for 
cancer patients. These are available in 
more than 150 units or dressing sta 
tions. As in all work of the Society, 
the volunteer plays a big part with 
15,873 members involved in this de 
dicated force in 1965. 

Nursing. This includes bedside 
nursing care at boarding and nursing 
homes, as well as home nursing. For 
example, in 1965 a total of 3,218 nur 
ses cared for a total of 7,055 patients 
in periodic visits at home. 

Care (as distinct from nursing). 
This welfare work is done by volun 
teers, a total of 6,000, who visit pa 
tients at home; other sufferers need 
special housekeeping services. Trans 
portation to treatment areas is usual 
ly provided for about 10,000 people 
in any one year. A number of auxiliary 
services are provided by volunteers 
at hospitals, clinics and lodges; this 
includes library, tea, reception ser 
vices, hairdressing, entertainment, oc 
cupational therapy, and many other 
forms of help and encouragement for 
cancer patients. 

Drugs and treatment services. 
Some drugs, usually pain-relievers, 
may be paid for by the Society. Also, 
special nursing and psychological help 
may be provided by the Society to help 
the patient adapt after serious cancer 
surgery. 

Rehabilitation. This is one of 
the most rewarding programs of the 
Society. It aims to help restore the 
patient to as normal a life as possible 
in family, industry, and community. It 
may involve the provision and fitting 
of prosthetic aids for excised areas, 
such as providing the patient with a 
ear or nose prosthesis. One of the 



most successful rehabilitation pro 
grams is undoubtedly the Laryngec- 
tomy Club, which provides methodical 
training and assistance to those who 
have lost their larynx and must learn 
an entirely new method of speech. 

Because of variations in laws af 
fecting medical and welfare matters 
between Canadian provinces, these ser 
vices are not uniform across Canada. 
The Society allocates 12.6 percent of 
its funds to work of comfort, welfare, 
and rehabilitation. 

Research 

The history of research into cancer 
in Canada is largely the story of the 
National Cancer Institute of Canada. 
Its objectives were and are the pro 
motion of professional education and 
research in the field of cancer, the ap 
proval and support of grants and fel 
lowships to deserving scientists, and 
the coordination of provincial diagnos 
tic and treatment programs. 

The Institute has a total member 
ship of 40, made up of 25 represen 
tatives of Canadian medical and pro 
fessional groups and 15 members-at- 
large; the latter are chosen because of 
their interest in the national cancer 
problem. Over 75 percent of the reve 
nue is received from the Society and 
the balance comes from government 
grants and some special grants for 
equipment. 

From an initial expenditure in 1947 
of $20,000 for research, the Institute 
now allocates $2,500,000 each year 
to research. This work involves over 
500 scientists, assistants, and techni 
cians with projects being carried on 
in 16 different Canadian universities. 
Because the organization is based on 
private funds, it is possible to quickly 
alter and reorient the direction of re 
search to adapt to new discoveries or 
promising new areas. 

One Institute function of world re 
putation is the Canadian Cancer Re 
search Conference, held biennially. 
All grantees and fellows assemble for 
a four-day technical meeting, also at 
tended by scientists from many dif- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



ferent countries. Seven conferences 
have been held so far. 

What has been accomplished with 
this research program? This question 
is asked often and Canadians can be 
proud of the answer. There are five 
recognized areas where Canadian 
achievements have led the way to 
world progress. They are: 

Radioaittography. This is a me 
thod of studying cell behavior by the 
use of radioactive isotopes. In this 
field, Dr. C. E. Leblond of McGill 
University first incorporated radio 
active isotopes into tissue, then placed 
microscopically thin slices of the tissue 
against equally thin layers of film 
emulsion. The isotope identifies itself 
and the portion of the cell in which it 
is located through photographic action 
on the emulsion. The film shows an 
outline of the cell structure since ra 
diation acts as a light source. 

Tissue growth media. Drs. Ray 
mond Parker and J. F. Morgan deve 
loped a synthetic chemical medium 
which made it possible for living cells 
to remain alive and multiply in flasks. 
This opened a new area for laboratory 
examination of cells. 

Vinblastine (VLB). This new 
drug was derived from the common 
periwinkle plant by Drs. Noble, Beer, 
and Cutts and found to be effective 
in slowing down production of white 
blood cells. It is, therefore, a valu 
able aid in prolonging the life of many 
sufferers from leukemia and other 
forms of cancer. 

Chromosome study. A study of 
chromosomes in both normal and ma 
lignant cells by Dr. Murray L. Barr 
resulted in a discovery that cells from 
tissue of females differed from the 
cells of males; this aided the study not 
only of cancer behavior but of various 
glandular disorders. 

Cobalt therapy. The greatest Ca 
nadian achievement in cancer is de 
finitely the development of the Cobalt 
bomb by Drs. Johns and Watson. By 
finding that Cobalt 60 as an isotope 
of cobalt is intensively radioactive and 
gives off a gamma ray more penetrat- 

46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ing than x-rays, they advanced the 
treatment of cancer through the abili 
ty to reach deeper cancers than had 
been possible with low voltage ma 
chines. 

In addition to these outstanding 
advances that opened new paths of re 
search in countries all over the world, 
several other contributory accomplish 
ments hold a high place in the world 
fight against cancer. 

In the international field, Canadian 
researchers are very highly respected 
and play a vital part in the work and 
administration of the International 
Union against Cancer. Ninety-nine na 
tional cancer bodies in 67 countries 
support this organization and Dr. R. 
M. Taylor, executive officer in both 
the Canadian Cancer Society and the 
National Cancer Institute, was elected 
Secretary General of the Union, on a 
four-year term, in October, 1966. In 
addition to Dr. Taylor, seven other 
Canadians serve on committees of the 
Union. 

Progress in the battle 

A single cure for cancer, or a dra 
matic breakthrough, has not developed. 
On the other hand, most researchers 
feel that real progress is bound to 
come by degrees and by finding ways 
to control the numerous types of can 
cer. 

The five-year cure rate has im 
proved greatly and now it is accepted 
that 55 percent of all types of cancer 
can be cured by surgery and/or radia 
tion, provided that they are diagnosed 
in time for treatment. 

Much research in the immediate 
future will be directed to searching for 
the cause, and to finding ways of pro 
longing the lives of those who cannot 
yet be treated. There has been sub 
stantial success in giving terminal cases 
many years of useful, normal life. For 
example, the survival time for acute 
leukemia has increased from three 
months to two years; this may seem 
like a tragically short time but it does 
represent eight times the former pe 
riod of survival for the disease. 



At present, it is necessary to con 
centrate, as has been done for some 
years, on prevention and on early 
diagnosis. In theory, a program on 
these two points could wipe out more 
than 80 percent of cancer. Among 
the types of cancer susceptible to this 
approach are skin, lung, breast, uterus, 
and most stomach carcinomas, and 
numerous types formerly regarded as 
fatal but not necessarily so because 
of recent advances in knowledge. 

What would do the most good 
would be a complete public awareness 
of the dangers and a cool, fearless as 
sessment of the risks. These include 
recognition not only of the smoking 
problem but also other working and 
living habits that promote cancer. 

Support for the Annual Cancer 
Campaign, and encouragement of this 
support by family, friends and neigh 
bors remains one of the most produc 
tive efforts against cancer. Nobody can 
measure the benefits achieved by the 
work of over 100,000 volunteers each 
year. The money they provide is vital 
but their educational work and general 
assistance is essential. 

Cancer seeks out its victims in every 
corner of Canada. As the headquar 
ters for the fight against it, the So 
ciety needs and merits help from all 
Canadians. Every unit and the smal 
lest branch of the Society have a ready 
pipeline to full information. 

A wider awareness of facilities and 
greater promotion of services by nur 
ses could aid in the fight. Local offi 
cials are easily located (in nearly all 
cases through phone listings) and they 
can provide information or answers to 
all types of questions. Through them 
patients can be referred to clinics, 
cancer institutions, or other offices of 
the Society. 

In a word, the best way to achieve 
the greatest improvement would be to 
work harder at communications, and 
to carry the message as widely as pos 
sible. This has been the secret of pro 
gress to date and its effectiveness will 
decide who wins in the fight against 
cancer. D 

APRIL 1967 



in a capsule 



Is Anybody Happy? 

The most positive conclusion to be drawn 
from a recent survey on the state of mar 
riage or unmarriage, as the case may be, 
is that married men are happy... or at least 
less unhappy than the unmarried ones... 
that is to say, the unmarried men adjust 
less well than unmarried women, who it 
must be pointed out, adjust better than the 
married ones (women that is). 

If anyone is uncertain whether to feel 
happy, unhappy, adjusted, or maladjusted, 
the results of the survey released in Mod 
ern Medicine of Canada will provide one 
thing at least confusion. 

From 785 interviews in a sample adult 
population, the following data were obtain 
ed: Whether married or single, women 
show more fears than men and men more 
antisocial tendencies than women. Single 
women are less fearful than married women, 
however, whereas single men are more anti 
social than married men. Single men are 
also the least and single women the most, 
morally strict of the four groups. 

Single persons of both sexes show more 
desire for freedom of action than married 
persons, but the tendency is strikingly 
greater in single men. Married men are the 
most self-assertive of the four groups; single 
men are less so than single women, but 
more so than married women. 

Since men have greater freedom of choice 
in marrying, those who do not marry seem 
likely to have more psychological impair 
ment to begin with. This theory is sup 
ported by a much greater incidence of 
childhood stress in single men than in the 
other groups; single women, on the other 
hand, show the least. Single men also show 
more signs of social isolation. 

Snorers Are Shocked 

It was British inventor James Watt who 
invented the steam engine. Now another 
British Watt, this time psychiatrist Dr. Al 
lan Watts, has made a less spectacular but 
no less significant contribution to science. 
An anti-snoring machine, invented by 
Fredrick Miles, has been tested by Dr. Watts 
and found to be "highly successful with a 
few dozen patients I treated." 

He said a tiny throat microphone is con 
nected to a small power unit and attached 
by wires to the patient s arm. As soon as 
the sleeper snores, an electric impulse is 
sent into his arm, causing it to twitch 
though the shock is not strong enough to 
wake him completely from his sleep. 
APRIL 1967 



This sets up a "mental block" against 
snoring, said Dr. Watts, and after a few 
weeks the machine can be taken away be 
cause the patient s arm will automatically 
twitch when he snores. Associated Press. 



Immunity Declines - Epidemic 
Predicted 

The virus, Asian No. 2, which caused the 
great 1957 epidemic of Asian flu, has been 
relatively quiet during the last decade. It 
is now changing antigenically, and through 
out the world immunity has declined. At 
a conference on vaccines against viral and 
rickettsial diseases in Washington, Dr. 
W.C. Cockburn, WHO, reported that ano 
ther influenza epidemic has been predicted 
for 1967. Nursing Times, December, 
1966. 



Suicides High 

Among young adult Canadians, suicide 
ranks third as a cause of death, according 
to the federal Department of Health and 
Welfare. 

In reply to a recent written question 
in the House of Commons, Mrs. Margaret 
Rideout, parliamentary secretary to the 
federal Minister of National Health and 
Welfare, said that in 1964 there were 2,482 
deaths from accidents, 402 from cancer, 
and 269 suicides in the 15 to 29 year age 
group. M.D. of Canada, January, 1967. 



Smoldering Image 

The image of the "smoker," cultivated so 
lovingly by advertisers, has gone up in a 
cloud of cigaret smoke. Friends of the 
smoker see not the suave, sophisticate de 
scribed in commercials, but a type "more 
demanding, attention-seeking, assertive, 
jealous." than the nonsmoker. 

Dr. Gene M. Smith of Harvard Medical 
School in Boston, assessed 1,462 college 
and nursing students in a study on smoking 
and personality. By using both self-ratings 
and ratings by classmates, he discovered 
personality aspects the smoker could never 
have seen through the haze. The clear 
sighted nonsmoker described his peer as 
"less conscientious, self-reliant and re 
sponsible, less mannerly and refined, less 
good-natured, trusting and tender," but 
"more extroverted" than himself. Dr. Smith 
noted that on the basis of the peer ratings 
alone, an observer could pick out a heavy 
smoker three-quarters of the time. 

His results are in line with the theory that 



smokers and nonsmokers may differ gen 
etically, possibly meaning that the link be 
tween smoking and diseases such as cancer 
is due to some predisposition rather than 
to cause and effect. This is perhaps unlikely, 
Dr. Smith said, but the possibility merits 
study. 

Another explanation is that the personality 
traits of smokers and nonsmokers may be 
governed by environment. excerpts from 
Science News, Oct. 1966. 

"Geographical Clusters" of MS 

Some unidentified factor in the environ 
ment makes Southern Ontario residents 
particularly prone to multiple sclerosis, a 
Washington, D.C., doctor reports. He ruled 
out climate and diet as causes of the 
disease. He also ranked heredity as un 
likely. 

Dr. J.F. Kurtzke reported these findings 
after probing into the disease s peculiarity 
of showing up in geographic clusters. The 
Leamington-St. Thomas-Delhi strip of South 
ern Ontario, for example, is noted for the 
disease in Canada. 

These "geographic clusters" form a high- 
frequency band that stretches across the 
globe. The northern United State, South 
ern Canada, and Northern Europe all have 
an incidence of MS of 30 to 60 cases per 
100,000 population. In the southern U.S., 
southern Europe, and Australia the rate is 
only 5 to 15 per 100,000 and it is generally 
low in Africa and Asia, although some sur 
veys may be inadequate. 

Multiple sclerosis has disabled an estim 
ated 25,000 Canadians, mostly young adults 
between 20 and 45. The cluster pattern 
indicates that some outside factor in the 
environment is the cause, writes Dr. 
Kurtzke, of Georgetown University and 
Washington s Veterans Administration Hos 
pital, in Archives of Neurology. 

The cluster areas are too small to be 
affected specifically by climate or diet, 
he said. Surveys in Denmark and Swit 
zerland, where two generations of patients 
were surveyed, suggested that it did not 
run in families. 

Realize Your Worth - In $$ 

Basic body chemicals once valued at 98 
cents are now valued at $800, according to 
a report in The American Druggist by 
Charles A. Thomas, Monsanto Board Chair 
man. The reason: A major market has 
developed for enzymes and nucleic acids. 
Management Review, November, 1966. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



books 



Hearing Loss by Joseph Sataloff, M.D., 
D.Sc. (Med.) 404 pages. Toronto, J.B. 
Lippincott, 1966. 

Reviewed by Dr. Jack A. Rubin, Win 
nipeg, Manitoba. 

The prime value of this book lies in its 
comprehensive, practical, and readable 
coverage of every aspect of otology and 
audiology. Ideally suited for anyone inter 
ested in hearing disorders, their diagnosis 
and management, this book is remarkably 
complete in all areas. Although it is pos 
sibly a little too superficial for the otologist, 
it should be extremely useful to audiolo- 
gists, speech and hearing therapists, and 
members of the nursing profession who 
have a special interest in otology. 

All chapters are well illustrated with 
audiograms and case reports. A complete 
classification of types and causes of hear 
ing loss is presented and the difference 
between conductive and sensori-neural deaf 
ness is clarified. The author reviews the 
management of conductive deafness, em 
phasizing the newer surgical procedures 
for restoration of the sound-conducting ap 
paratus. Nerve deafness is analyzed and 
various diagnostic tests to localize the 
pathology are well presented. The chapter 
on tinnitus and vertigo and their signifi 
cance is very helpful. The author outlines 
various methods of testing patients for 
hearing defects and discusses pitfalls to 
avoid. Special tests for speech testing, 
recruitment, tone decay, malingering, and 
masking are described and their signifi 
cance dealt with. 

The chapter on occupational deafness is 
timely and should be of special interest 
to industrial physicians who are concerned 
with this increasing problem. In the sec 
tion dealing with hearing loss in children, 
particular emphasis is placed on early 
diagnosis and treatment. 



A Sociological Framework for Patient 
Care edited by Jeannette R. Folta, R.N., 
Ph.D. and Edith S. Deck, R.N., M.S. 
418 pages. New York, John Wiley & 
Sons, 1966. 

Reviewed by Dr. Margaret N. Lee, as 
sociate professor, University of Windsor, 
School of Nursing, Windsor, Ontario. 

In their forward to this book, the 
authors identify a "need for a book of 
readings that will tie together the under 
lying concepts and principles inherent in 
48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



comprehensive care." As the title shows, 
the concepts and principles examined are 
drawn from sociology. Although much of 
the content is directed toward physicians 
and professional nurses, it would be useful 
to professional practitioners in all the 
health sciences. 

The book is divided into seven parts, 
corresponding to the seven underlying con 
cepts to be examined. In each part, a 
number of experts separately examine a 
significant aspect of the sociological basis 
and framework of health care. Each part 
has an introduction that presents briefly 
the basic ideas to be discussed and poses 
some of the questions that necessarily arise. 
Each part closes with an epilogue that 
does not summarize the previous discus 
sion but comments on and amplifies it. 
This technique enables the reader to attain 
a clear understanding of those aspects and 
value systems of modern, technologically 
advanced societies that foster the continu 
ing development of scientific health care. 
For example, in Part III, "The Routes to 
Becoming: The Professions," several writers 



CANADIAN 
LIBRARY -WEEK 

APRIL 16-22 AVRIL 1967 

LA-SEMAINE-DES 
BIBLIOTHEOUES 
CANADIENNES 




examine the societal movements and value 
systems that lead some members of society 
to become health professionals. 

In the same part another writer presents 
a sociological analysis of the frustrations 
imposed upon one body of health science 
professionals (nurses) by the conflicts of 
values found within the system of the 
hospital as an institution of society. 

Since the book is not a textbook of 
sociology, the reader who will enjoy and 
use it most will be a person who has a 
thorough grounding in the basic concepts, 
principles and terminology of sociology as 
a discipline. It should prove extremely 
helpful to university teachers and students 
of nursing, because it can help to fill a 
long-felt but ill-defined need within the 
university school of nursing, that is, the 
necessity to help the student to bridge the 
gap between the knowledge of culture and 
society learned in an academic discipline, 
and her conscious, deliberate use of this 
knowledge as she learns to become a profes 
sional practitioner of nursing. 

Laboratory Tests in Common Use, 

4 ed., by Solomon Garb, M.D., F.A.C.P. 
192 pages. New York, Springer, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Helen Sounders, in- 
service education supervisor, Royal Ju 
bilee Hospital School of Nursing, Vic 
toria, B.C. 

This cloth-bound book is intended as 
a quick reference work for graduate and 
student nurses in ward units. Because of 
its organization and content it would seem 
ideal for this purpose. Not intended as a 
laboratory manual, it omits detailed pro 
cedure of laboratory tests. In fact, some 
of the procedures mentioned have been 
replaced by newer methods. 

Two major changes in this new edition 
include the addition of 15 newer tests to 
bring the total number of laboratory tests 
to 145 and, for each test, a list of drugs, 
food or other procedures that might inter 
fere with or produce misleading laboratory 
results. Common laboratory tests are group 
ed in chapters according to the body fluid 
or excretion on which the test is performed 
a more practical method of classification 
than a division into "biological," "chemical," 
etc. Tests are arranged alphabetically in 
each chapter and good cross-indexing helps 
the reader to associate the several names 
often given to the same test. 

APRIL 1967 



books 



{Continued from page 48} 

A description of the body functions or 
disorder for which each test is used and 
an explanation of the physiological ration 
ale behind the test are provided. The test 
itself is then described under the follow 
ing headings: collection of specimens, 
laboratory procedure, possible interfering 
materials, and range of normal findings for 
an adult. 

Eight tables and/or summaries of infor 
mation appear at the end of the book. 
Most helpful for nurses who collect blood 
specimens would be the table on blood tests 
that gives the number of cc s required and 
type of anticoagulant needed. For all 
nurses, the list of definitions of laboratory 
terms and the selected bibliography on 
laboratory procedures would be useful and 
enlightening. Very limited in its scope is 
the table of distinctions between normal 
values in infants and children and those 
in adults. Some of the other tables may 
be redundant in view of the very clear 
presentation of information throughout the 
book. 

As a ward reference this book is very 
informative and is at a level and in a 
format that most graduate nurses would 
find helpful and practical. 

Establishing Relationships in Psy 
chiatric Nursing by Ira Davis Trail, 
R.N., B.S., M.A. 53 pages. New York. 
Springer, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Barbara Bycroft, in 
structor, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, 
Toronto. 

This small handbook is directed to nurses 
involved in patient care in psychiatric 
settings. 

The author is associate professor of nurs 
ing, California State College at Los Angeles 
and psychiatric nursing consultant for The 
Veteran s Administration Hospital at Sepul- 
veda and Long Beach, California. Such 
an active professional background, coupled 
with a lively concern to assist nurses to 
become skilled experts in psychiatric nurs 
ing, amply qualify the author as an authority 
on this subject. 

The author presents her material in a 
concise, practical manner. It is organized 
in two parts: "The Patient and His Environ 
ment in a Psychiatric Hospital," and "The 
Psychiatric Nurse; Her Purpose and Ac 
tions." She has written with a provocative 
premise: "that in psychiatric nursing parti 
cularly, job satisfaction for the nurse and 
improvement for the patient are intimately 
related and develop simultaneously." A 
focus on the importance of the nurse s 

APRIL 1967 



feelings, individuality, and creativity as 
an active participant in the treatment team 
is maintained. 

As well, the book successfully preserves 
the author s aim to follow two basic mental 
health concepts: I. All behavior is mean 
ingful to the individual even though he 
might not understand its meaning at the 
time, and 2. no one is ill in all spheres. 

The nursing concept prevailing in this 
handbook is that "nurses work with the 
health concepts: I. All behavior is mean- 
to assist him toward his maximum potential 
for healthy living." This concept provides 



a helpful guide in the varied and changing 
aspects of the psychiatric nurse s role 
today. Practical examples of nurse-patient 
situations and suggested readings are pro 
vided. 

This compact handbook would be a use 
ful reference for graduate nurses involved 
in any psychiatric unit. As well, it would 
be adaptable for use by nurse educators. 
The author s concise treatment of her sub 
ject perhaps indicates some supplementary 
clinics or discussions for inexperienced 
graduate nurses or nursing students. The 
general absence of psychiatric jargon is 




Rx 
WONDER 

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the contour of the foot. Supports ball and heel of your foot are 

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walk longer without strain. 



THE SHOE 




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Prices quoted are Suggested Retail Prices 



For name of your nearest dealer, write: 

NATURALIZER DIVISION, BROWN SHOE 

COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD.. PERTH. ONTARIO 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 



(Continued from page 49) 

refreshing. An adequate framework of 
knowledge for further reading and investi 
gation is provided. 



Drugs in Current Use 1967 edited by 
Walter Modell, M.D., F.A.C.P. 152 pages. 
New York. Springer, 1967. 

This paperback presents concise infor 
mation about drugs currently in use, new 
drugs still on trial, and older, well-establish 
ed drugs. 

Drugs are listed alphabetically, under 
non-proprietary names. The more common 
proprietary names are usually provided. 
Information about each drug includes: ma 
jor uses; physical properties; absorption; 
actions, both therapeutic and toxic; mode 
of administration; preparations; dosage; 
antidotes. 

This compilation of drugs, although up- 
to-date and well presented, would have 
limited value in Canada. Many of the pro 
prietary names listed are used only in the 
United States. 



The Story of Modern Medicine by 

Dr. Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy 

Rosenberg. 112 pages. New York. W.W. 
Norton, 1966. 

This is a brief history of medicine for 
young teenagers. It tells of the growth 
of medical science throughout the centuries, 
from Imhotep to Sabin, from magic to 
electron microscopes. 

Dr. Rosenberg, a professor in orthopedic 
surgery, and Mrs. Rosenberg, the author of 
three other children s books, have outlined 
the major discoveries that have contributed 
to the development of modern medical 
science and briefly portrayed the lives of 
the men who made them. 

The book is accurate and interesting. It 
would be an excellent gift for any boy 
or girl interested in entering the medical 
or nursing field, and would be a valuable 
book for high school libraries. 



films 



April is Cancer month, and the following 
films are all concerned with the early 
detection and treatment of cancer. The 
films would be available through your local 
Cancer Society, as well as through other 
film sources throughout the country. 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Especially for Nurses 

What is Cancer 1 - - 20-minute, black- 
and-white, sound. 

Breast Self-Examination 15-minute, 
color, sound. 

// Could Happen To You 8-minute, 
color, sound. 

Time and Two Women - - 1 8-minute. 
color, sound. Also available in 35mm. 

For Community Groups 

Canadian Crusade 15-minute, color, 
sound. 

Life-Story - 14-minute, color, sound. 

The Million Club 10-minute and 28- 
minute, color, sound. Also available in 
35mm. 

Sense in the Sun 14-minute, color, 
sound. 

Smoking and Lung Cancer 30-minute, 
black-and-white, sound. 

Traitor Within 11 -minute, CLiOr, 

sound. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material re 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 



by R, excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
52) and should be addressed to: The Libra 
ry, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The 
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. L avenir des infirmieres par Kaspar 
Naegele. Ottawa, Association des Infirmie 
res canadiennes, 1967. 30p. 

2. Baccalaureate education for the re 
gistered nurse student. Proceedings of a 
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree 
Programs Conference held in St. Louis, 
Miss., Jan. 20-21, 1966. New York, Nation 
al League for Nursing, 1966. 67p. 

3. Catalogue de I fdition du Canada 
francais publiee par le Conseil superieur 
du Livre avec le concours du Ministere des 
Affaires culturelles du Quebec 1966-1967. 
Montreal, 1966. Iv. R 

4. Communication in nursing by Thora 
Kron. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 244p. 

5. Drugs in current use 1967 edited 
by Walter Modell. New York, Springer, 
1967. 152p. 

6. Essentials of cancer nursing. A pri 
mer on cancer for nurses. New York, 
American Cancer Society, New York City 
Cancer Committee, 1963. 125p. 




POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KT 



A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for lleostomy 
and Meal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man 
agement of the patient 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.00. Request 754 CN. 



NITED SURGICAL 



APRIL 1967 



accession list 



7. Freedom of association and the pro 
tection of the right to organize; a worker s 
education manual. Geneva, International 
Labour Office, 1959. 157p. 

8. Governments and the university, The 
Frank Gerstein lectures, York University, 
1966. Toronto, Macmillan, 1966. 92p. 

9. A guide for staffing a hospital nurs 
ing service by Marguerite Paetznick. Gene 
va, World Health Organization, 1966. 93p. 

10. Hidden hierarchies the professions 
and government by Corinne Lathrop Gilb. 
New York, Harper and Row, 1966. 307p. 

11. Hospital design and function by E. 
Todd Wheeler. New York, McGraw-Hill, 
1964. 296p. 

12. Improving multiple - choice test 
items. A manual for examiners by Ollie A. 
Jensen. Chicago, Public Personnel Associ 
ation, 1963. 52p. 

13. Laboratory tests in common use by 
Solomon Garb. 4th ed. New York, Springer, 
1966. 192p. 

14. Manuel pratique de I infirmiere soi- 
gnante; tome 3, reanimation anesthesie, 
service des operations, appareillage divers 
pour les soins osseuses, explorations, et 
techniques en pathologie; specialites inclu- 
ses par M. L. Nappee. Paris, Massons, 1966. 
793p. 

15. Minimum curriculum guide for 
schools of nursing in Saskatchewan con 
ducting a basic diploma nursing education 
program. Regina, Saskatchewan Nurses As 
sociation, 1966. 47p. 

16. National student aid information 
service; service de renseignements, aide na- 
tionale aux etudiants; undergraduate awards. 
Don Mills, Ont., Canadian Scholarship 
Trust Foundation Iv. (various paging). 

17. Nurses duty apparel; a study of 
professional nurses preferences in uniforms, 
shoes and hosiery. New York, American 
Journal of Nursing Co. Advertising Re 
search Department, 1964, 78p. 

18. Nursing the multiple sclerosis pa 
tient. New York, National Multiple Sclero 
sis Society, 1965. lllp. 

19. Nutrition for practical nurses by 
S. Phyllis Howe. 4th ed. Philadelphia, 
Saunders, 1967. 302p. 

20. Proceedings of the Canadian Con 
ference on Aging, Toronto, Jan. 24-28, 
1966. Ottawa, Can. Welfare Council, 1966. 
105p. 

21. Report of the W. K. Kellogg Found 
ation, Battle Creek, Mich., 1966. 178p. 

22. Social security; a worker s education 
manual. Geneva, International Labour Off 
ice, 1958. 132p. 

23. Studies in nursing; abstracts of re 
ports submitted in partial fulfillment of the 
requirements for the degree of Master of 
Science in Nursing, 1961-1966. London, 

APRIL 1967 



Ont., University of Western Ontario. School 
of Nursing, 1966. 21p. R 

24. A study of changes in job satisfac 
tion of nurse practitioners following in- 
service education program by Kathleen 
Mary Straub. New York, National League 
for Nursing, 1966. 90p. (League exchange 
no. 79) 

25. A cancer source book for nurses. 
New York, American Cancer Society, 1963. 
120p. 

PAMPHLETS 

26. Back rubs; a study of practices and 



product preferences among hospital, public 
health, and private duty nurses. New York, 
American Journal of Nursing Co. Advertis 
ing Research Department, 1966. 17p. 

27. Fifth report of the Expert Com 
mittee on nursing. Geneva, World Health 
Organization, 1966. 32p. (WHO Technical 
report series no. 347) 

28. A guide for refresher courses for 
inactive nurses. Regina, Saskatchewan Re 
gistered Nurses Association, 1966. 12p. 

29. Immunologie et reproduction hu- 
maine. Rapport d un Groupe scientifique de 
1 OMS. Geneve, Organisation mondiale de 



ONE-STEP PREP 





with 

FLEET ENEMA 

single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA S fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 /2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each J 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. 



QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS 



Registered trade mark. 



MONTREAL CANADA 

FOUNDED IN CANADA IN 1899 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



accession list 



la Sante, 1966. 23p. (Serie de rapports 
techniques no. 334) 

30. A list of schools of nursing in 
Ontario and minimum education require 
ments for entrance. Toronto, Ontario Hos 
pital Association, 1966. 30p. 

31. The nurse in public health agencies; 
her role, functions and practices by Dor 
othy Sutherland. New York, Nursing Out 
look, 1963. 38p. 

32. Nurse-faculty census 1966; various 
programs of nursing education by Hessel 
Flitter. New York, National League for 
Nursing. 1966. lip. 

33. Performance lest procedures and 
problems by Roscoe W. Wisner. Chicago, 
Public Personnel Association, 1965. 26p. 
(Personnel brief no. 29) 

34. Problems arising from the handling 
of drugs in the physicians office by Lester 
P. Dodd. New York, American Nurses 
Association, 1966. 4p. 

35. Problems with pharmaceutical prac 
tices in physicians offices by Robert C. 
Johnson. New York, American Nurses As 
sociation, 1966. 4p. 

36. You and the press by Eric Sleath. 



London, National and Local Government 
Officers Association, Public Relations De 
partment, 1966. 24p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

British Columbia 

37. Bureau of Economics and Statistics. 
Dept. of Industrial Development, Trade, 
and Commerce. Salary and wage rate sur 
vey. A study of salary and wage rates in 
selected clerical, professional and trade oc 
cupations in business, industrial and service 
establishments in four regions. Victoria, 
1966. 32p. 

Canada 

38. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re 
search Branch. Labour organization in 
Canada. 55 ed. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1966, 106p. 

39. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage 
ment Co-operation Service. Joint consult 
ation in hospitals and service industries. 
Ottawa, 1966. 15p. 

40. Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices. Emerging patterns in health care by 
Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1966. 145p. 

Great Britain 

41. Central Office of Information. Re 
ference Division. Social services in Britain. 
Rev. London, 1966. 115p. 

42. Ministry of Health. Central Health 
Services Council. The post-certificate train 



ing and education of nurses. London, Her 
Majesty s Stat. Off., 1966. 21p. 

Israel 

43. Ministry of Health. Nursing Depart 
ment. Nursing in Israel. Jerusalem, 1964. 
Edited by M. Olga Weiss. 74p. 
Manitoba 

44. Minister of Health s Committee on 
the Supply of Nurses. Report. Winnipeg, 
1966. 152p. 

United States 

45. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Mental retardation activities; annual 
report January 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 87p. 

46. . Children s Bureau. America s 

children and youth in institutions 1950, 
1960, 1964. A demographic analysis. Wash 
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 49p. 

47. . Public Health Service. Biblio 
graphy of the history of medicine. Bethesda, 
Maryland, 1966. 290p. 

48. . Cancer manual for public 

health nurses. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 
Off., 1963. 112p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY COL- 
tECTION 

49. Problems regarding performance 
evaluation as expressed by thirty-one head 
nurses in one Canadian hospital by Betty 
Nanette Nixon Harrington. Seattle, 1966. 
67p. Thesis (M.N.) -- Washington, R 



Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES- 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 

50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 

Borrower 



Position 

Address 

Date requested 




TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS? 

Turns get rid of acid 
indigestion fast! 



Good eating and drinking is some 
thing we all like. But indigestion is 
the course that finishes the meal for 
too many of v us. When that happens, 
take Turns. They re pleasantly mint 
flavoured, need no water and get to 
work fast on heartburn, gas and stom 
ach upsets. And long-lasting 
Turns are really effective: they 
consume 93 times their 
own weight in excess stom 
ach acid. Turns cost just a 
dime, so try them soon. 



Try Turns for the tummy! 




52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION: RED DEER 
JUNIOR COLLEGE. This position will requfre a 
person with a master s degree in nursing education 
to be responsible under the dean s direction for 
the organization and operation of a two-year pro 
gramme of nursing education. Experience with cur 
rent programmes of nurses training desirable. 
Duties will begin April 1, 1967. Persons interested 
may write for further details and for application 
forms to: G.H. Da we, Superintendent of Schools, 
Red Deer Public School District No. 104, 4747 
53 Street, Red Deer, Alberta. 1-76-5 



Associate Director of Nursing Service responsible 
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital. 
University prepraration and experience essential. 
Apply Director of Nursing, Leth bridge Municipal 
Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta. 1-57-1 



REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY (WANTED) 

for a 37-bed General Hospital. Salary $380 - $440 
per month. Commencing with $375 with 1 year and 
$390 with 3 years practical experience elsewhere. 
Full maintenance available at $35 per month. Pen 
sion plan available, train fare from any point in 
Canada will be refunded after 1 year employment. 
Hospital located in a town of 1,100 population, 85 
miles from Capital City on a paved highway. 
Apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. 1-88-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Storting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovate^ 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M, Hi slop. Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 

General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, welt- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for modern 25-bed hos 
pital on Highway No. )2, East-Central Alberfa. 
Salary range $380 to $440. (including a regional 
differential). New staff residence. Full maintenance 
$35. Personnel policies as per AARN. Apply to the: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. Tel.: 578-3803. 1-25-1B 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthotpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berfa. I-6I-J 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta s unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I, and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31 -2 A 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 1 13-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph s Hos 
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-5B 

PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLpOPS, British Col 
umbia, For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, (Cam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 

REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES AND PRACTICAL 
NURSES for modern 70-bed accredited hospital on 
Vancouver Island, B, C. Resort area home of the 
tyee salmon four hours travelling time to City of 
Vancouver. RNABC policies and Union Contract in 
effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to: Director of Nursing, Campbell River and 
District General Hospital, Campbell River, British 
Columbia. 2-9-1 A 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mJ. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-) 



APRIL 1967 



B.C. R.N for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. \, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66 bed 
hospital, with new hojpital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospifaf, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 

General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 37-bed hospital. 
Located in Southwest British Columbia. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. $390 
to $466. Accommodation available in residence. Apply 
fo: Director of Nursing, Nicolo Valley General Hos 
pital, Box 129, Merritt, British Columbia. 2-41-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $)5 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary non B.C. 
registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 

General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute Genera! Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month, Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after I year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 

General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary; $372-$444. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day s annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royat Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwestern 
B.C. 1 967 salaries: B.C. Reg istered $405, Non- 
Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies in effect. 
Planned rotation. New residence, room and board: 
$50/m. T.V. and good social activities. Write: 
Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

ANNOUNCES VACANCIES 
FOR 

REGISTERED NURSES 

The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for Registered Nurses (Ontario) as Ward Super 
visors and Ward Nurses at the following mental hospitals and hospital schools: 

BROCKVILLE, COBOURG, EDGAR, GODERICH, HAMILTON, KINGSTON, LAKESHORE, LONDON, NORTH BAY, 
OWEN SOUND, PALMERSTON, PENETANGUISHENE, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY, 
WOODSTOCK. 

SALARIES: WARD SUPERVISORS $5,250 to $6,000 
WARD NURSES $5,000 to $5,500 

NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may depend on additional nursing training. Salaries above 
minimum will be considered for previous experience and additional qualifications. 

BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans, 
annual salary increments. 

Interested applicants should apply to: 
Director, 

PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 

Ontario Department of Health, 

Room 5424, Whitney Block, 
Parliament Building, Toronto 5, Ontario. 




PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE .... 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



DIRECTOR 
OF SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above position in a 
School of Nursing intending to revise programme in 
Fall of 1967 to a two year programme with a third 
year of experience in hospital nursing service. The 
School of Nursing is a new self-contained educational 
building, opened in 1964, with enrollment of ap 
proximately 140 students. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough. 

Minimum requirement Bachelor s Degree. Salary 
will be commensurate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

For further details apply to: 
Chairman of Nursing Education Committee, 

PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

Peterborough, Ontario 



54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate i ram ing. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particu.ars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 

*-_i i_:_ }.7A_ ; 



MANITOBA 



Columbia. 



2-76-5 



Graduate Nurse required for 26-bed hospital in sunny 
B.C. interior, salary $410 per month with 28 days 
annual vacation plus 10 paid stats. Full room and 
board in TV equipped residence $50 per month with 
free uniform laundry. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Princeton General Hospital, Princeton, B.C. 2-59-1 



GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
of B.C.!! Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour s drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44- bed hos 
pital and modern nurses residence over looking the 
picturesqi_e Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr, week and 4 weeks vacation. Write to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 

GRADUATE NURSES for busy 21 -bed general hospital 
preferably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Basic salary $357 
or $372 pLs recognition for post graduate ex 
perience. Apply Matron, Tofino General Hospital, 
Tofino, Vancouver Island, B.C. 2-71-1 

STOP! Summer is just around the corner and with 
it Vacations & Staff Changes. Applications will be 
received for positions on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general hospifal situafed in the Froser Valley 
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van 
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodation available 
in Staff Residence. RNABC. Personnel Policies in 
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Lang ley Me 
morial Hospital, Murray ville, B.C. 2-44-1 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 



MANITOBA 



Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38- bed hospital. 
New nurses residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba, 
addressed to: Mrs. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 

3-1-1 



Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 

3-75-1 

Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospifa/, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
as possible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hospital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
available. Starting salary January 1, 1967 $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en 
quiries to; Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1A 

Applications are invited from R.N. s currently regis 
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in 
17-bed hospital at Grandview, Man. Please state 
salary expected. Some experience preferred and 
allowance made for same. Board and room avai 
lable in residence at reasonable rates. Personnel po 
licies on request. Enquiries should include experience 
and qualifications. Apply to: Grandview Hospital, 
Box 8, Grandview, Man. 3-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSE FOR DOCTOR S OFFICE: Car for 

APRIL 1967 



personal use could be provided. Please send appli 
cation with references and information as to ex 
perience and expected salary to: Hanover Medical 
Clinic, Steinbach, Manitoba. 3-59-2 



Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse for 

I0-bed hospital. Starting salary R.N. $400; L.P.N. 
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week, 
3 weeks vacation, 9 statutory holidays. For further 
information apply: Miss D. Moore, Matron, Wawa- 
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

232-bed Children s Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children s Hos 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 

Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 



General Duty Nurses for 100-bed active treatment hos 
pital. Fully accredited. 50 miles from Winnipeg on 
Trans Canada Highway. Apply: Director of Nursing 
Service, Portage District General Hospital, Portage La 
Prairie, Manitoba. 3-45-1 



General Duty Nurse required for Indian Residential 
School of 200 pupils, 20 miles from the Pas, Man. 
Boys and g iris aged 9 to 18, disease prevention 
and care of minor illness, town hospital and doctors 
only 20 miles away. Light duties, in-lodging. If 
married, husband might find other job in school. 
Salary $400. for 10 school months plus 3 weeks 
paid holidays. Write: Rev. Fr. L. Poirier, Principal, 
Guy Indian School, Guy Hill, Man, 3-29-2 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Director for School of Nursing: 50 students. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Bay General Hospital, Glace 
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15-1 



Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long, 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-1 7-10 A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for 
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1, 
1967, for a well-equipped 42-bed General Hospital 
located mid- way between Winnipeg and the Lake- 
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars 
write to: Administrator, Sioux Lookout General Hospi 
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookouf, Ontario. 7-119-1C 

Assistant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex 
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wei- 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev- 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefits. App|y to: Director, Wetland and District 
Health Unit, King Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario, 

7-141-2 

Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo, service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk.. 9 
statutory holidays, pension pfan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 



REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of livig-in 
accommodarion. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence- private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

REGISTERED NURSE with administrative experience 
required by nursing home located in outskirts of 
Metropolitan Toronto Living-in accommodation 
available if desired. For further information write 
P.O. Box A, The Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 7-152-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Basic salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 

7-122-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $400 plus. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 

Algonquin Park camp for girls: Requires Registered 
Nurses. July and/or August. Single, under 50. Apply: 
Camp Tanamakoon, 24 Wilberton Road, Toronto 7, 
Ontario. HU. 1-3704. 7-133-72 



Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 mi!es 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply tor 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Duffer in Area Hos 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants: 

Applications are invited from R. N s and R. N. Ass ts. 
who are interested in returning to "nursing at the 
bedside" In a well-equipped General Hospital. Excel 
lent starting salaries and fringe benefits now. Further 
increase January 1, 1967. Residence accommodation if 
desired. For full particulars write to; Director of 
Nursing, Sioux Lookout General Hospital, P. O. Box 
909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-119-1 A 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants, 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in northern 
Ontario. Starting salary, Registered Nurses $390 per 
month. Registered Nursing Assistants $273 per month, 
shift differential, annual increment, 40 hour week, 
O. H. A. pension plan and group life insurance, 
O. H. S. C. and P. S. I. plans in effect. Accommoda 
tion available in residence if desired. For full par 
ticulars apply: The Director of Nurses, Lady Minto 
Hospital, Cochrcne, Ontario. 7-30-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone-. The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid 
ot 100 %. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 

REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS for General Duty in a new 35-bed 

General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per 
sonnel policies, modern nurses residence. Salary 
commensurate with experience and qualifications. 
Apply to; Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital, 
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7-82-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern. General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7-127-4 A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative stck time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty and Operating 
Room, in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles 
from Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 



General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants ore required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
)perating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos- 
lital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 



General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefitsmurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, HuntsvMIe, On 
tario. 7-59-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

G 
Ope 

pita I wnn moaern equipmenr, *u-nr. WK., a sraruTory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program. 
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous 
experience and annual increments. Cumulative sick 
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I, and Pension Plan 
available. Liberal transportation allowance and holi 
days. Apply to: A.E. Thorns, M.D., Director, Leeds 
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock- 
ville, Ontario. 7-18-4 

Public Health Nurses General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 

Public Health Nurse qualified. Salary schedule 
$5,280 to $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance. 
Apply to:: Dr. Charlotte M. Horner, Director, North 
umberland-Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg, 
Ontario. 7-28-4 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) require! for 
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present staff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100 - 
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month 
vacation after one year; car allowance; cost of 
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply to: Director and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-2 



Public Health Nurses (Bilingual) for rural health unit. 
Minimum salary: $5,200 with annual increments. Al 
lowance for experience. Car allowance, pension plan, 
hospitalisation insurance, P.S.I. Apply to: Dr. R. G. 
Grenon, Director, Prescott and Russell Health Unit, 
P. O. Box 273, L Orignal, Ontario. 7-73-14 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Generalized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 A 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
winter recreational facilities. Salary range $5,200 - 
$6,100. Allowance for experience and/or degree. 
Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 

Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Wei land* County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Welland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 

Nurses (2) required by girl s summer camp for 
period June 28 August 24. Camp located on 
Eagle Lake, 40 miles north of Kingston, Ont. For 
further information contact: Mrs. C. Labbett, 3 Pine 
Forest Road, Toronto 12, Ontario. 7-133-71 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 



Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 



APRIL 1967 



ONTARIO 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule as of 
January 1, 1967, $5,100 to $6,100. 20 days vacation. 
Employer shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital- 
ization. Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : 
M ss Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health 
Nursing, Peterborough County -City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (Qualified) for generalized 
programme. Salary Range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. SalarJes negotiated annually. Personnel 
Policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss Beatrice 
Whalley, Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, Waterloo 
County Health Unit 109 Argyle St., S., Preston, Ontario. 

10-109-2 

Public Health Nurses for general programme. Salary 
range $5,100 to $6,300. Personnel policies include car 
expense, Omers and Canada pension plans, group 
life insurance, 50 % of P.S.I, and hospital insurance, 
cumulative sick leave plan and liberal vacation. 
Apply to: Dr. G.L. Anderson, Director, The Lambton 
Health Unit, 333 George Street, Sarnia, Ontario. 

7-114-3 



QUEBEC 



NURSE for Children s Summer Camp, located near 
Ste. Agathe, Que., well equipped infirmary, private 
living quarters, excellent facilities. Apply to: Mr. R. 
lazanik, Pine Valley Camp, 5465 Queen Mary Road, 
suite 460, Montreal 29, Quebec. 9-47-67 



Registered Nurses (2) needed for childrens co-ed 
summer amp, June 23rd through August 20th 
Laurentian region, doctor on staff - excellent 
facilities Write: Sy Bekoff: Y.M.-Y.W.H.A., 5500 
Westbury Ave., Montreal, Que. 9-47-55 

Registered Nurses for 56-bed accredited General 
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Salaries as approved by Q.H.t.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown, 
Quebec, 9-52-1 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48 bed hospital com 
pleted in 1963. Will be responsible for the admin 
istration of all nursing activities as well as pharmacy 
and central supplies control. District located near a 
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe 
benefits depending on qualifications and experience. 
Duties to commence on or before July 31, 1 967, 
Apply in writing or phone 667-2611 to: N.R. Wer- 
szak. Administrator, Maple Creek Union Hospital, Box 
1330, Maple Creek, Saskatchewan. 10-78-1 

Director of Nurses required for a 30-bed General 
Hospital with a medical staff of three. Living-in 
accommodations available in modern nurses resi 
dence. Sick leave, pension plan, personnel policies 
and other fringe benefits. Salary open to negotia 
tion. Enquiries should include experience, qualifi 
cations, and salary expected and addressed to: The 
Administrator, Unity Union Hospital, Unity, Sask 

1 0-126- 1 

Clinical Instructors needed. Excellent personnel po 
licies, active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two 
year educational program. For further information 
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education, 
School of Nursing, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 10- 1 09-6 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 450-bed General Hospital. Positions available 
in all clinical and specialty areas. Saskatchewan 
Registered Nurses Association recommended policies 
in effect. Recognition given for experience, Must be 
eligible for Saskatchewan registration and/or certifi 
cation. Apply to: Director of Nursing Service, Regino 
Grey Nuns Hospital, 4101 Dewdney Avenue, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 1 0-1 09-7 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downton. Building and 
expansion program in progress. SRNA recommended 
salaries in effect. Experience recognized. Progressive 
personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Recruitement Of 
ficer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent personnel policies. Excellent 
opportunities to engage in progressive nursing. Ap 
ply : Director of Personnel, University Hospital, Sas 
katoon, Saskatchewan. 10-116-4A 

APRIL 1967 



Registered Nurses wanted for 78- bed General Hos 
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to : The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann s 
Hospital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801 . 

1 5-2-3 



REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in Son Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write : Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all cfinical areas to those eligib/e for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital. 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



Registered Nurses: The Los Angeles County General 
Hospital has opportunities in all clinical areas. We 
invite your enquiries about positions available in pre 
mature nursery, neuro-surgery, pediatrics, operating 
room and recovery room, as well as general medical 
or surgical wards. Several specialty programs are 
planned for 1967. Starting salary with one year s ex 
perience in an accredited hospital is $591 per month, 
$624 after six months. Additional pay for a degree. 
Evening bonus approximately $60 per month. Night 
bonus $50. Living quarters available on hospital 
grounds for at least 90 days. We will help you with 
California Registration. For further information, 
write: Mrs. Dorothy Easley, Box 1311 CN. Los Angeles 
County General Hospital, 1200 North State Street, Los 
Angeles, California 90033. 15-5-3 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, tabor and 
Del ivery, I ntensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply; 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer- pa id pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 



REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 /a hours from Son Francisco, 2 
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 



Registered Nurses California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 



Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 



Professionnal Nurses for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Santa Monica, California. J 5-5-40 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen- 
tr at sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $475 
>r month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director 



tra 

per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 

Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 

Colorado. 15-6-1 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance/ hospital ization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 

NURSES, Registered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medicaf Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Diroctcr, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman s Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 



REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texas, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an 
excellent University of 20,000 students and a large 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical 
and surgical for 3-11 and 11-7 shifts. Starting salary 
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and 
JJ-7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an 
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per 
sonnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 3615 19th 
Street, Lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44-8 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

ANNOUNCES A VACANCY 
AT THE 

ONTARIO HOSPITAL, PORT ARTHUR 

FOR 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

SALARY: $8,600 - $10,000 
DUTIES: Directly responsible to the medical Superintendent; administers the hospital s nursing programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario; possession of a Bachelor of Nursing degree, com 
prehensive knowledge of nursing and of hospital policies and administration; several 
years of progressively responsible supervisory and administrative experience. 

BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension, subsidized health and life insurance plans, 
annual salary increments. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



Interested applicants should apply to: 

Director of Personnel and Organization, 

Room 5424, 

Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings, 
Toronto 5, Ontario. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

BROCKVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

TEAC HERS 

For the recently approved two year curriculum with 
a third year of experience in nursing service. You 
will enjoy participating in the development of a 
progressive school which emphasizes planned learn 
ing experiences for the students. Theory is taught 
concurrent with clinical experience. 

Qualifications: Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

or Diploma in Nursing Education 
or Diploma in Public Health Nursing 

Excellent salaries and personnel policies. 

You would enjoy living in the attractive "City of 

the Thousand Islands" two and one half hours from 

Expo 67. 

For further information contact: 

The Director, School of Nursing 

BROCKVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brockville, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement -- B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses needed for rapidly expanding gen 
eral hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near San 
Francisco. Ours tending policies ond benefits, includ 
ing temporary accommodations at low cost, paid 
hospital and major medical insurance, fully refund 
able retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no 
rotation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro 
grams, generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
sick leave conversion to vacation, tuition reimburse 
ment, and paid life insurance. Salary range: $598 - 
$727. Contact: Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 El Comino Real, Burh ngame, Califor 
nia 94010. 15^5-20 C 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200- 
bed suburban community hospital just on Chicago s 
beautiful North Shore. Completely air conditioned 
furnished apartments, paid vacation, after six months, 
staff development program, and liberal fringe bene 
fits. Starting salary from $466. Differential of $30 
for nights or evenings. Contact: Donald L. Thomp 
son, R. N., Director of Nursing, Highland Park Hos 
pital, Highland Park, Illinois 60035. 15-14-3 A 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-! C 



WEST INDIES 



Registered Graduate Nurses who wish to gain valu 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
country of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Artt- 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there ore at least 17 na 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write: 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



diploma or degree nurse 




Go South to Syracuse and See! 



You ll find friends at State University 
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse, a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S. 
city 

You ll also find a helpful administration, 
professional level salaries (up to $6.476 
to start, depending on your qualifying 
education and experience). 



Fine benefits, too. Eleven paid holidays. 
13 to 2O paid vacation days, sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs. 

Above all, you ll find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you tl 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be, and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 



STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N.Y. 




CN-4 



Miss Adele Wright, R.N. 
Director of Nursing Services 
State University Hospital of the 
Upstate Medical Center at 



I am interested: 

D Send me full information, please 
Q I d like to talk with you when I m in Syracuse 

(date) (time) 

G Please send me application forms 

Name 

Address 

City 



_Province_ 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

for detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You ore invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

HAS 

TEACHING OPPORTUNITIES 

AT THE 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
ONTARIO HOSPITAL, KINGSTON 

Teaching positions available in medical-surgical nursing, paediatric nursing and psychiatric nursing; the 
educational program of the School of Nursing is stimulating; creativity is encouraged. 

QUALIFICATIONS AND SALARY: 

Registration as a nurse in Ontario, with 

a) diploma in teaching and supervision, or, completion of at least a one 
year university course which includes the principles of teaching. 
SALARY: $5,750 to $6,600. 

or, preferably 

b) B.Sc.N. degree, 

SALARY: $6,150 to $7,000 

BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund 
and subsidized health and insurance plan. 

For further information, apply to: 

Director of Personnel and Organization, 

Room 5424, Whitney Block, 
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



A valuable 
contribution to the 
Health professions 

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE 

SICKBED 

BY J. H. VAN DEN BERG, M.D., PH.D. 

An approach to the meaning of illness 
for physicians, nurses and visitors. 

D The author gives us a path to the 
sickbed a method of approach 
keeping in mind at all times the frus 
trations of the patient. This book will 
force everyone to reconsider his ap 
proach to the sickbed. 

D The author has studied in Switzer 
land, the Sorbonne and the Univer 
sity of Utrecht. He is Director of the 
Instituut voor Conflictpsychologie in 
Leiden and the author of The Chang 
ing Nature of Man and The Pheno- 
menological Approach to Psychiatry. 

n The Psychology of the Sickbed has 
been published in Dutch, Norwegian, 
Swedish, Finnish and Danish editions 
and has been used throughout the 
world as a basic textbook in nursing 
schools. 

handsome cloth edition $2.95 

Ask for our 1967 catalog 

DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
Pittsburg, Pa. 15219 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 

App//cot/ons and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Administrator 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



j*J V^ 



DIRECTORS 
AND 

ASSISTANT 
DIRECTORS 



WORKSHOPS ON 
PROB LEM-SOLVING 

Learn and practice problem- 
solving skills applied to 
Hospital Nursing Service 

Have you registered? 

Halifax April 11-14, 1967 
Vancouver May 2-5, 1967 

It s later than you think! 



Write to: 

CANADIAN 

NURSES ASSOCIATION 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 




THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 

SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 

THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 



DIRECTOR, SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited 
for the 

POSITION OF DIRECTOR, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

The Director will have complete charge of two-plus-one 
diploma program with 360 students, adequate faculty, 
new ultra-modern facility associated with 1000-bed 
teaching hospital. Master s degree preferred. Considera 
tion will be given to candidate with Bachelor of Science 
in Nursing Education degree and good leadership poten 
tial. Appointment will be made by July 1, 1967. 

For further information, write to: 

Chairman, Nursing Advisory Committee 
c/o Nursing Office, 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 




CANADA S INDIANS AND ESKIMOS 
NEED YOUR HELP 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 

CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 

A CAREER 

WITH 

MEDICAL SERVICES 

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information, write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 



CONSULTING 
OCCUPATIONAL 
HEALTH NURSE 

required by 

PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN 

Department of Public Health 

Regina, Saskatchewan 

SALARY: Up to $610 per month depending 
on qualifications. 

REQUIREMENTS: Must have post-graduate 
qualifications in Occupational Health or 
Public Health Nursing and considerable 
Industrial Nursing experience. Teaching 
ability essential. 

APPLICATIONS: When requesting applica 
tion forms please state education, experi 
ence, current salary, and salary expected. 
Please quote file no. c/c 9937. 

Contact: 
Director, Occupational Health 

DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 

Provincial Health Building 
Regina, Saskatchewan 



HEAD NURSES 

required 

Applications are invited for the 
positions of Head Nurse (Peadia- 
tric Ward) and Head Nurse (Me 
dical Ward) in this modern 259- 
bed hospital located in the beau 
tiful Niagara Peninsula. 

Applicants with Post Basic edu 
cation are preferred but others 
with experience are urged to 
apply. 

Residence accommodation in 
private rooms available. Salary 
will depend on qualifications 
and experience. Personnel pol 
icies, fringe benefits, etc. ex 
cellent. 

Please apply to: 

Miss L. M. R. Lambe 
Director of Nursing 

WELLAND COUNTY 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Welland, Ontario 



INSTRUCTORS 



IN 

OBSTETRICAL NURSING 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL 

NURSING 

Duties to include classroom teaching and 
clinical instruction. Assisting in the deve 
lopment of a new curriculum and Re 
gional School. 

B.Sc.N. or diploma in Nursing. Education 
required. Excellent salary range and 
fringe benefits. 



Apply:- 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 




CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

invites applications from 

TEACHERS OF NURSING 

Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 

The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res 
idential building. The first class of Students will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 

You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour s 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli 
cies will be forwarded on request. 

For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 

Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 

Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 



UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

invites applications for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 

The position involves administration of the patient 
care services of a 1200 bed teaching hospital with 
a rapidly expanding medical centre located on the 
campus of the University of Alberta. Applicants with 
experience in nursing service or education holding a 
Baccalaureate Degree and/or a Master s Degree 
preferred. Salary based on qualifications. Excellent 
personnel policies with wide range of fringe benefits. 

Direct enquiries or applications to: 
Miss M. G. Purcell, Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

SPONSORED BY 

THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 

INSTRUCTOR 

QUALIFICATIONS A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing. 

Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 

The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 

THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 

CONTROL The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school. 

Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 

1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 

2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 

3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 

4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 

5) Community agencies in the area. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO: 
The Director, 

HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING, 

Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered -- $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



RIVERSIDE 

HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed 
hospital. Applications are called 
for Nurses for the positions of: 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 
Ottawa, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 




YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

NEWMARKET, ONTAIIO 
HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 

patient care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric 

and 24-bed self care unit. 
IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, T5-30 minutes from 

excellent summer and winter resort areas. 
SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $372-$447 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $277-$310 per month. 
BENEFITS INCLUDE: 

Furnished apartments, medical and hospital insurance, group 

life insurance, pension plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



SAINT JOHN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Saint John, N.B. 

Invites applications for the 

position of 

ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF 

NURSING EDUCATION 
The School of Nursing comprises 
200 students and is associated 
with a teaching hospital of 600 
beds. The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education is immediately 
responsible to the Director of 
Nursing. A baccalaureate degree 
in Nursing Education is required. 
Preference will be given to the 
applicant with proven executive 
and educational ability in an ap 
proved school of nursing. 

For further information, 
or application, write to: 

The Director of Nursing 

SAINT JOHN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Saint John, N.B. 



REGISTERED 

GENERAL DUTY 

NURSES 

required 

For 35-bed modern hospital in 
northern Quebec. Residence ac 
commodation available. Bilin 
gual with few years experience 
preferred. Nurses on staff must 
be willing to take responsibility 
in all departments of nursing. 
Excellent salary and fringe bene 
fits. Outstanding recreational 
facilities. 

For further information, 
apply to: 

Medical Director 

SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL 

Schefferville, Quebec 





APRIL 1967 



Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai 
Hospital, nurses find complete 
job satisfaction and opportuni 
ties for advancement. Begin 
ning salaries of $500 a month, 
attractive working conditions, 
and provisions for educational 
assistance are three other rea 
sons why you should consider 
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi 
tal. For more information, write 
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. CC. 

THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 
OF CLEVELAND 

University Circle. Cleveland. Ohio 44106 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



OPPORTUNITY FOR 



GROWTH 

CHANGE 

SPECIALIZATION 



TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Large centrally located University Teaching Hospital 

CONTINUE YOUR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned orientation programme 

Continuing in-service programmes 

Opportunities of a research and teaching hospital 

BROADEN EXPERIENCE 
Positions available: 

General medicine Obstetrics -- Opera ring Room 

General Surgery Gynaecology Recovery Room 

Specialty units and intensive care Cardiovascular 
Respiratory Neurosurgery 

ENJOY ADVANTAGES OF LIBERAL PERSONNEL POLICIES 



Salaries scaled to qualifications and experience 
3 weeks vacation, statutory holidays, cumulalive sick li 
Life insurance, hospitalize lion, retirement programme 
Uniforms laundered free 



For additional information, - 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

101 College Street, Toronto 2, Ontario 



THE MACK SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 



Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing a progressive educational programme in 
this new Regional School, located in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Applicants with baccalaureate degree 
preferred. Diploma in nursing education and working 
toward a degree accepted. 

Good personnel policies. 



Apply to: 
The Principal, 

THE MACK SCHOOL OF NURSING, 

Queenston Street, 
St. Catharines, Ontario 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged. In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

to p A LO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week - - Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. 
Excellent personnel policies. An active and stimulat 
ing In-Service Education and Orientation Programme. 
A modern Management Training Programme to as 
sist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience 
and ability. We encourage you to take advantage 
of the opportunities offered in this new and expand 
ing hospital. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Scarborough, Ontario 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 

Salary range for General Staff positions 

$360.00 - $420.00 per month 

and other liberal benefits. 



Direct enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing, 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 




PROVINCE OF SASKATCHEWAN 
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR 
THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS: 



DIRECTOR 

School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Institute of Applied 
Arts and Sciences, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

Unique opportunity for challenge and creativity in 
the implementation of a new two-year school-based 
program of Nursing Education. Qualifications re 
quired: Registered Nurse holding Master s Degree or 
equivalent with experience in administration of 
schools of nursing. 

Salary Range $777. to $991. per month. 
I 

ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR 

School of Nursing. 

Registered Nurse, preferably holding Master s Degree 
or equivalent and some experience in administration. 

Salary Range $705. to $899. per month. 



NURSING AND SCIENCES INSTRUCTORS 

School of Nursing. 

Positions available in Physical and Biological Scien 
ces, Behavioral Sciences and Nursing (Teaching and 
Clinical Supervision). 

Preference given to Registered Nurses holding Mas 
ter s or Baccalaureate degrees and having teaching 
experience. 

Salary Range $528. to $777. per month depend 
ing on qualifications and experience. 

All positions carry superannuation, insurance and 
other benefits of Public Service. 



For further information and application forms, 
write to: 

Superintendent of Nursing Education 
Department of Education 

AYORD TOWERS BUILDING 



Hon. G.J. Tra PP , 

Minister. 



Saskatchewan 



LH B . ra , trom , 

Deputy Minister. 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wonted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELl ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires the following Faculty 

a) Psychiatric Teacher (One). 

b) Medical and Surgical Teachers (Two). 
Minimum requirement B. Sc. N. 

The above additional staff is required 
for New Program. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Education 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 
Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

Requires 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for new 80-bed hospital in west-end 
Montreal. 

Openings in: Obstetrics 

Gynaecology 
General Surgery 

Planned orientation and active Inservice 
program. Salaries in accordance with 
ANPQ. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

4375 Montclair Ave., 

Montreal 28, Que. 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIllE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, has 
openings for: 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



For information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

Applications ore invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 
INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 

requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education building 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 

For further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

announces vacancies 

IN 

NURSING EDUCATION 

The Ontario Department of Health has positions available for nursing instructresses and supervisors at 
the following Ontario mental hospitals. 

LAKESHORE - NEW TORONTO, LONDON, OWEN SOUND, PORT ARTHUR, ST. THOMAS, TORONTO, WHITBY 

SALARIES from : $5,750 to $7,800 (Without B.Sc.N. degree) 
$6,150 to $8,200 (With B.Sc.N. degree) 

NOTE : Salaries above the minimum will be considered for appropriate experience. 

QUALIFICATIONS : 

Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in Nursing Education from a recognized 
University, or completion of at least a one-year course at University level which includes the principles of 
teaching, or the B.Sc.N. degree. 

BENEFITS : Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and 
insurance plan. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



Interested applicants should apply to: 

Director, Personnel and Organization, 

Whitney Block, Room 5424, 
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ACTIVE 200 BEDS FULLY 
ACCREDITED 

requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Pleasant City of 48,500, one 

hour from Toronto Via 401. 

Good personnel policies. 

for further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Guelph, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Required for 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due to completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen 
sion plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

AIL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for general Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 

for full particulars write to: 

Acting Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation availcble. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 

Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliote pro 
gram. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

for further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 
Invites applications for positions of 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, and 
student program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefits. 

for details apply: 

Director 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

281 Sherbourne Street 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 

CLASSROOM SCIENCE 

PEDIATRICS 

OBSTETRICS 

MEDICINE 

SURGERY 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

NURSES: Have you been in your present position since graduation? Why not consider a change or 
have you lost interest in new horizons? The Ontario Department of Health will very shortly open 
a new mental hospital in South Porcupine, 100 miles north-west of North Bay, and challenging 
opportunities exist to make a significant contribution in the development of a comprehensive 
nursing program. 

SALARIES: $5,000 to $6,000 PER ANNUM (A starting salary above the minimum will be considered, based 
on previous experience). 

POSITIONS: AREA SUPERVISORS: $5,750 to $6,600 
WARD SUPERVISORS: $5,250 to $6,000 
WARD NURSES: $5,000 to $5,500 

QUALIFICATIONS: Registration as a nurse in Ontario. 

NOTE: Eligibility for supervisory positions may also depend on additional nursing training. 

BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension fund and subsidized health and insurance 
plan. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



Please apply in confidence to: 

Director of Personnel and Organization, 

Room 5424 Whitney Block, 
Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario. 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLING WOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N, 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PLUMMER 

MEMORIAL 

PUBLIC HOSPITAL 

SAULT STE. MARIE 
Invites Applications for: 

1. Medical-Surgical Instructor 

2. Medical Instructor 

3. Obstetrical Instructor 

250 bed non-sectarian General 
Hospital with enrolment of 80 
students. This School is planning 
a change to two year patient- 
centered, problem solving cur 
riculum and one year internship. 
Excellent salaries commensurate 
with experience and qualifica 
tions. 

Apply to: 

Principal, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House- 
Keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SARNIA, ONTARIO 

Invites applications tor the 
positions of: 

IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 

EVENING SUPERVISOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po 
licies. 

For further information apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Sarnia, Ontario 



REGISTERED GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES 

For 22-bed General Hospital, in progres 
sive community on Trans-Canada High 
way. Personnel Policies according to 
SRNA recommendations. Salary: $364 for 
nurses registered in Sask. S.H.A. Pension 
Plan. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
HERBERT-MORSE UNION 

HOSPITAL 
Herbert, Saskatchewan 



REGISTERED NURSES 

SALARY $415 $490 

PLUS MERIT INCREASES 
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS 

MODERN 45 BED 

ACCREDITED HOSPITAL 

RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION 

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING 



Write to: 

Director of Nursing 

ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Iroquois Falls, Ontario 



TEACHER 



FOR 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Baccalaureate preferred, Diploma will be 
considered. 

Guelph is a pleasant city of 48,000, one 
hour s drive from Toronto. The University 
of Guelph offers educational and cultural 
advantages to community members. 
The School of Nursing is under separate 
direction from the hospital and has its 
own Board of Management. Student En 
rolment is 98. 

Interested applicants may write: 

Director 

School of Nursing 

GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Guelph, Ontario 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 

GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a progressive 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 

Opportunity for Instructors in all areas of 
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideas are welcomed. 

Program consists of two years of planned 
study and practice, completely controlled 
by School, plus one year of internship. 
New School and residence with swimming 
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. Salary 
under review. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. John s, Newfoundland 



HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

announces 
FACULTY POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 

1. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 

2. NURSING 

Minimum qualification is Bachelor s De 
gree. 

Wtase d/ rec< enquiries to the: 

Director, School of Nursing 

BARTON STREET EAST, 

Hamilton, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 

AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 

REQUIREMENTS: 

University preparation in Nursing Edu 
cation. Salary differential for degree. 

For further information, 
contact: 

Director of Nursing 

JEFFERY HALE S HOSPITAL 

1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 

6, P.O. 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few duick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vz million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 
City 



-State. 



-Zip Code. 







jf| _,,- . - 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

if Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

^ Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

* Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

* Liberal personnel policies 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



GRADUATE NURSES 

Eligible for registration in the 
Province of Ontario. 

Various positions available as SUPER 
VISORS, HEAD NURSES, and GENERAL 
DUTY NURSES. Excellent opportunities for 
advancement in all areas of modern, 
newly expanded 1,000-bed General Hos 
pital, including O.R. and Recovery, Inten 
sive Care, Emergency, Central Supply, 
Medical and Surgical Units. 

Please contact: 

Director of Nursing 

HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Required for 37 bed active hospital in 
town of 1,700 pop. midway between 
Calgary and Lethbridge, paved hiwy. 
wheat growing area, close to foothills. 
Training or experience in Nurse Adminis 
tration would be beneficial. Increase in 
usage of all facilities in last 6 months. 
Salary to be negotiated. Suite in nurses 
residence. Insurance and pension group. 
Present Director retiring. 

Apply in writing to: 

Administrator, 

MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 

Vulcan, Alberta 



PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

required by 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS, British Columbia 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing Education 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B. C. 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 
Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



WANTED 

Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 
Salary $385.00 per month plus five an 
nual increments. Free apartment and 
board. Relocation expenses. Company 
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans 
and pension plan available. 

For further particulars, apply to: 

Personnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 

LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

GUELPH, ONTARIO 
requires 

Instructors for various Clinical Areas. 
Sfudenf enrolment over 85. 

UNIVERSITY CITY 

Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

will require 
2 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967 

DUTIES: Instruction in Science and Medical- 
Surgical Nursing Participation in deve 
lopment of 2 year programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS: University preparation 
in Nursing Education or Public Health. 

SALARY: Commensurate with experience 
and education. 50 students enrolled 
annually. 

for further information contact: 

Director School of Nursing 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ont. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Registered Nurses required for General 
Duty in well staffed 90 bed general hos 
pital. 

Salary Scale $3,200 x $120 to $4,200 per 
annum. 

Liberal personnel policy. 
Good prospects for early promotion to 
senior positions on basis of merit and 
ability rather than on seniority. 
Fare paid from present location. 

Apply for further details 
to: 

Dr. A. H. Dennison 
Medical Superintendent 

NOTRE DAME BAY 

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Twillingate, Newfoundland 



ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Modern active treatment hospital Super 
visors required for days, evening and 
night duty for Paediatric and Medical 
Nursing Units. General Duty for all servi 
ces including Intensive Care Unit. Excel 
lent working conditions and current per 
sonnel policies. Credit will be given for 
previous experience and Postgraduate 
qualifications. 

Apply: 

Personnel Office, 

ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in 
our 1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 



Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575- Pay differential for nights and evenings. 



Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
ieave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Fort, 
(and, Oregon. 97201 . 1 5-38- 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 J F 

GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
l b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli- 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 15-36- ID 

STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedicts, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for various departments in a 
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha Lakes area. 

Toronto Council salaries in effect. 

Please apply to: 

Personnel Director 

ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Lindsay, Ontario 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 




DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING - - (B.N.) - 

An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepares the stu 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals. 

DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES (B.N.) 

A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re 
gistered Nurses who wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
1 YEAR 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 

Outpost Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Requires Additional 

TEACHERS 

For the expanding educational programme in this 
New, Regional, Independent, Co-educational school 
of nursing. The second class will be admitted in 
September 1967. 

Teachers who have a B.Sc.N. or Diploma in Nursing 
Education with nursing experience will be involved 
in the development of the two year curriculum of 
planned learning experiences followed by a third 
year of hospital nursing service, will assist in class 
room teaching and accompany students to one of 
the three regional hospitals being utilized for clinical 
experience. 

If you would like to be part of a dynamic, progres 
sive nursing education programme, you are invited 
to write for further information to: 

PRINCIPAL 

OSLER SCHOOL OF NURSING 

206 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone: Toronto 247-8562 



AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1st, 1967. Appli 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 

The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 

The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 

Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 

Director, 

EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 



APRIL 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



Director of 
Nursing Education 

This is an unusual opportunity for an R.N., experi 
enced in nursing education, to assume the responsibi 
lity of organizing and operating a new 125-student 
school. In order to make this one of the outstanding 
schools of its kind, the Board expects the Director 
to institute a program consistent with the latest 
thinking in the field of nursing education. 

The school is being established in new buildings, with 
up-to-date equipment, at Corner Brook, Newfound 
land, adjacent to, but independent of, the Hospital 
and will offer a strictly educational program with no 
service aspect except that required for experience. 

Corner Brook is not "the sticks"! Including its en 
virons, its population is 45,000. It is situated on the 
Humber River, nestled in the 
T L mountains and has been described 

1 flC as one of the most beautiful cities 

in North America. 



Thorne 

Group 

Ltd. 



If you qualify and desire to pur 
sue this opening further, please 
write, quoting File No. 461, to our 
Toronto office, 101 Richmond 
Street West. 



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Index 

to 

advertisers 

April 1967 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd 26 

Bland Uniforms Limited 6 

Boehringer Ingelheim Products 12 

The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd 5 

Brown Shoe Company of Canada, Ltd. 49, 16 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 21 

Canadian University Service Overseas 10 

Clinic Shoemakers 2 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 51 

Duquesne University Press 62 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 1 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 52 

C.V. Mosby Co. 18, 19 

J. T. Posey Company 23 

Reeves Company 22 

W. B. Saunders Company 14 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 10 

Sterilon of Canada 24 

Uniforms Registered Cover III 

United Surgical Corp 50 

White Sister Uniform Inc. Cover II 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 17 

Winthrop Laboratories Cover IV 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
1 70 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



APRIL 1967 



May 1967 



DIVERSITY OF OTTAWA 
SCHOOL OP NURSING 
OTTAWA, ONT. 



The 



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As a co-sponsor of the important "Man and His Health Pavilion" and its unique "Intense Electronic Observation 
Nurses Station", White Sister has created the "Centennial Uniform" as a gift for the exclusive use of the Graduate 
Nurses who will come from all parts of Canada to be on-duty at this "Nurses Station". 

THE STYLE: 

Selected from twenty-one original White Sister fashions submitted to consultants from the Canadian Corporation for 
the 1967 World s Exhibition . . . the "Centennial Uniform" represents, most clearly, the forward image of our 
Centennial year so perfectly blended with the look of professional dignity. With its uniquely sculptured shawl collar, 
bearing its proud Expo 67 pin, its modern softly fanning skimmer shape, convertible 3 lt sleeves that fold up to 
short and White Sister s famed action back ... it is, most surely, the right style for such a significant- event. 

"CAPRICE" THE EXCITING FABRIC: 

"Caprice" a very special new intimate blend of 65% Fortrel & 35% combed cotton in a lovely bengaline weave was 
carefully selected for the "Centennial Uniform". Because of "Caprice", this uniform will perform as beautifully as it 
looks. It provides the strength and easy-care qualities of Fortrel plus the soft and supple comfort features of fine 
combed cotton. It is quite beautiful, subtly lustrous and uniquely luxurious. It is one of the finest uniform fabrics ever 
created and though nurses cannot purchase the exclusive "Centennial Uniform", they can find its very same "Caprice" 
fabric in many other select White Sister styles. 







be sure to visit 

"The Man and His 

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THE "CENTENNIAL UNIFORM" 
CREATED by WHITE SISTER UNIFORMS 
70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST 
MONTREAL, QUE. 



Lippincott 



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Lippincott now provides teaching transparencies in arresting color for the overhead pro 
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Drugs and Solutions (36 transparencies) First Aid (51 transparencies) Bandaging and 
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J. B. Lippincott is now the exclusive distributor for the above series, developed by and formerly 
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The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



YY 

wO L*j 





A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 



Volume 63, Number 5 



May 1967 



27 Editorial 

28 Wadhams Outpost Nursing Station S. Johnson 

31 Medical Intensive Care S. Staples 

35 Poison Control as a Nursing Function L. Pearson 

38 Drug Protection for Canadians E. M. Ordway 

42 A Tropical Disease -- in Quebec S. Lauze 

43 The Child Care Worker in Psychiatry 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 
7 News 
46 Books 



21 Names 

25 Dates 

50 Accession List 



Photo courtesy of St. Paul s Hospital, Vancouver, B.C. Mrs. Sally Staples, author 
of article on page 31, is seen in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at St. Paul s. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baurnel Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, S8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 



For patient who require 
comprehensive, detailed care, the 
intensive care unit is the logical 
environment. Here, a round-the-clock 
staff can focus its attention and 
equipment on the early diagnosis of 
patient complications, as well as 
on emergency, resuscitative measures. 

Concern recently has been 
expressed, however, over the rapid 
development of ICUs in 
North America. Some doctors are 
convinced that hospital personnel do 
not fully appreciate the problems 
and posible hazards that are inherent 
in the establishment and operation 
of such a unit. They are concerned 
that, in the haste to set up an ICU, 
essential pre-planning may be 
disregarded. 

Frequently, for example, plans for 
staffing are ignored until the ICU 
is ready for operation. And not all 
hospitals are able to attract sufficient 
or suitable nurses to staff the unit. 
One study of the care given in ICUs, 
reported in the November 1966 issue 
of Nursing Outlook, shows that 
staffing varied from one nurse per 
patient to one nurse for seven 
patients. Further, the study revealed 
"shocking discrepancies in the 
quality of nursing care given." 

ICUs can be hazardous for 
patients if their operation is not 
planned and supervised. In his 
article "Monitors That Save Lives 
Can Also Kill" The Modern 
Hospital, March 1967), Dr. Paul E, 
Stanley points out that the electrical 
shock hazard posed by medical 
instruments may be a serious threat 
to patients. Faulty equipment and 
lack of inspection, inadequately- 
trained personnel, disregard for 
safety precautions all can mean 
death for the patient. 

Infection and psychological trauma 
are two other potential hazards for 
patients in ICUs. One physician 
recently stated that it is unsound, 
because of the risk of infection, to 
lump all seriously ill patients in 
one unit. Another, speaking from the 
psychological point of view, said 
that patients in ICUs are subject to 
severe trauma that can produce 
psychiatric reactions. He suggests 
modification in the structure and 
operation of ICUs to encourage more 
uninterrupted periods of sleep, and 
reduction of the "sensory monotony 
of the environment." Editor. 



1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Comments on comments 

Dear Editor : 

I am a British registerd nurse now work 
ing in Nova Scotia and would like to add 
my comments to the letters "Is this nurs 
ing?" (Nov., 1966), "Unfair to blame 
nurses" (Jan., 1967) and "No criticism" 
(Feb., 1967). 

In December I entered the obstetrical 
unit of a large Halifax hospital to have 
my first child. The care and attention 
that I received in labor and delivery was 
excellent. However, there was another side 
to the coin - - the care that I received 
after being transferred to a private room 
was, on the whole, disgustingly poor. I 
requested a basin as I was still wearing 
the dirty shirt that I had on in the delivery 
room. The answer was, "Oh well, I m 
going to bathe you in a minute." 

Almost four hours later I was given the 
bath by a nurse. I have observed students 
giving a better bed bath during their first 
weeks of training. I had to ask for drinking 
water since at no time prior to this had 
anybody been in to see if I required any 
thing. One morning I asked a nurse for two 
A.P.C. and C. tablets for my headache. 
As she left the room she shouted down the 
hall, "2q wants something for a head 
ache." 

After my discharge from hospital, I 
decided that I had been unlucky and met 
all the indifferent nurses in one unit; how 
ever, I was very sad to discover soon 
afterwards that this was not so. Last week 
I had to have minor surgery at the other 
large hospital in this city. At no stage 
was anything explained or any reassurance 
given to me until five minutes before the 
Pentothal was administered. Although I 
have been nursing for many years I have 
a fear of anesthetics. Placed in the role 
of patient, I found it hard to be calm 
and objective about the procedure to be 
performed. 

I am only too sorry that I have to agree 
wholeheartedly with "Distressed Reader, 
Ontario." Even in my own hospital I some 
times feel ashamed that I belong to the 
nursing profession. Have we become so 
technical that the basic concept of nursing 
has to be discarded ? Where is the love 
and respect of humanity ? Disillusioned 
R.N., Nova Scotia. 

Correspondents sought 

Dear Editor : 

I am doing a senior research paper on 
the health and emergency facilities avail 
able at Expo 67 and would appreciate 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



receiving any data you may have. I would 
also like to correspond with a nursing 
student in Canada who could keep me 
periodically informed about the exposition. 
(Miss) Sue Noble, Senior Student, 
Samaritan Hospital, Ashland, Ohio 44805. 

Dear Editor: 

As a graduate of the old Western Hos 
pital of Montreal, 1917, I would like to 
get in touch with any of my classmates. 
I think we should do something to com 
memorate this fiftieth year of our gradua 
tion, if only to write each other a letter. 
I would like to hear from any of our 
class, or former classes. (Mrs.) A.D. 
Buchanan (Mary M. Collins), 100 Arthur 
St. N., Guelph, Ontario. 

Cranberry juice proves useful 

Dear Editor : 

In the February issue we read the excerpt 
in "In A Capsule" regarding the use of 
cranberry juice for patients with strong- 
smelling urine. As this is a geriatric area 
with 60 female patients who are frequently 
incontinent, we decided to try this method. 
We commenced a trial with four patients 
and within two weeks we noticed a con 
siderable improvement in the odors of the 
ward. We have continued to give six 
ounces of cranberry juice to selected patients 
each morning and the staff of this ward 
is very pleased with the result. Thank you 
for this helpful advice. - - Shirley Til- 
berry, Essondale, B.C. 

Canadian nurses "made in U.S.A." 
Dear Editor : 

I find the sentiments expressed by Sharon 
Johnston of Montreal in "Grumps" (Letters, 
February, 1967) very interesting, and I 
am inclined to agree. Nurses have been 
seeking status for ages, first by aiming 
at higher salaries and now by higher educa 
tion. 

The aim of the American Nurses Associa 
tion is for more education at the theoretical 
level. But soon nurses will be so theo 
retically minded they will be of no practical 
use. Granted that there will always be a 
need for advanced education for nurses 
who will be teachers, administrators and 
so on, but how can nurses provide 
superior service in their advanced role if 
they cannot back it up with practical ex 
perience ? 

I can see the day coming when so-called 
mundane or routine nursing care will be 
given by nursing assistants (who are paid 
less than R.N.s.), and professional nurses 



will be discussing the results of care car 
ried out by others, and wondering wh 
they feel somewhat dissatisfied. 

I agree with someone else who wrot 
that what is needed in nursing and tr 
nurses is devotion. And I fail to se> 
how that can be achieved in the classroom 

Articles pertaining to maternal am 
child care are of particular interest to ni 
as I am a midwife as well as R.N. Th 
January 1967 issue carried a report 01 
"Effectiveness of Nursing Visits to Prim 
igravida Mothers." When I managed t( 
plow through it I was struck by th< 
reasons given for the need for the study 
Anyone who can seriously feel that thi 
mother today can receive all the help sh< 
needs from her family physician and fron 
knowledge acquired through her readinj 
and general education, is either an optimis 
or rather short-sighted. 

I sincerely believe the non-use of mid 
wives in this country and in the Unitec 
States is a waste. I realize that I am buck 
ing the trend, but before being classifiec 
as completely out of date, I would draw 
to your attention the infant and materna 
mortality rates. Canada and the U.S. dc 
not stand up very well in comparison with 
other countries, in spite of our highei 
standard of living. 

I notice that many, if not most, of youi 
authors who have postgraduate nursing 
education received it in the United States 
Is that why we are drifting in their direc 
lion ? The best in the U.S. would compare 
favorably with the best in the world. Bui 
we to not need to succumb to the notior 
that because it is "made in U.S.A." ii 
must be good. Mrs. G.T. Marek, Beard- 
more, Ontario. 

Articles provoke thought 

Dear Editor : 

Congratulations to Jean Wilkinson on 
her interesting article "Deserter of People 
(March, 1967) in which she describes hei 
unusual job at the Ontario Veterinary Col 
lege in Guelph. 

In the same issue, I found the article 
by Mr. Maloney, "Standardization," also 
of interest. I am sure many feel as I do. 
that this concept should be extended tc 
the area of registration examinations. Surely 
a nurse s ability is not a matter of geog 
raphy. During Canada s Centennial year, 
with so much emphasis on national unity, 
what better project could our profession 
undertake than the establishment of national 
exams ? I was pleased to read that this issue 
came under review at the CNA Board ol 
Directors meeting. L.H., Sarnia, Ontario. 

MAY 1967 



some nurses call it the PAPER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 




MICROPORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 



Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its 
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress 
ings do not sweat off. Micropore Tape is so thin, airy, light 
weight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, doesn t 
tangle, tears off easily. And with Micropore Tape, valuable time 
is not lost from daily rounds because of messy adhesive residue 
to clean up after removal, or tape burn to be treated. 
Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensitiza- 
tion and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total micro- 
porosity permits underlying skin to function in a normal 
manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, Micropore Surgical Tape 
is X-ray clear. 



Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, less 
bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated by 
distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension at the 
prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." Micro- 
pore Tape peels off painlessly without pulling hairs. 

No other tape has been reported in the literature so extensively 
or SO favorably. (1) Depaulis, J.: La Presse Medicale 72:841, 1964. (2) 
Golden, T: Am. J. Surg. 700:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et !.: J. Invest. 
Dermal, .37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surg. J:379, 
1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette Med. de France 7/:1430, 1964. (6) Murray, 
P. J. B.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26. 1963. 

3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



You, too, need 
plenty of fresh air 
and sunshine! 

Jet CPA to Hawaii 
(for about 10% down) 

And have fun! Hawaii is the 
place to let yourself go. To lift 
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life 
to the fullest. From swinging 
Waikiki Beach to the quieter 
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a 
wonderland of sunshine, 
surf, coral beaches. 

What s more, a holiday in Hawaii 
needn t be expensive. There 
are ocean-front hotels with 
reasonable rates, inexpensive 
housekeeping apartments, 
even live-in trailers. 

See your travel agent or 
Canadian Pacific soon. 

Example down payments - $45.90 from 
Toronto: $40.20 from Winnipeg; $35.80 
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economy excursion round trip. 



Let CPA jet you there. 




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news 



Hap Narrows Between Canadian 
And American Salary Goals 

A national salary goal for Canadian 
lurses, set by the Canadian Nurses Asso- 
:iation. has almost closed the gap between 
starting salary goals for Canadian and 
American nurses. 

By a motion passed by the Association s 
3oard of Directors meeting in Ottawa last 
March, a salary goal of $6,000 for entrance 
nto nursing practice in 1968 from a basic 
iiploma program was adopted. The Board 
ilso adopted a beginning salary of $6,600 
: or those entering practice from a bac- 
:alaureate program. 

The American Nurses Association set a 
dmilar national goal of $6.500 minimum 
starting salary last year. 

The new salary goal means a $500 
ninimum monthly salary for Canadian 
nurses. The Association, however, has no 
oower to implement the increases, but set 
the goal as a negotiation target for the 
provincial organizations. 

Two provinces, British Columbia and 
Quebec, already have recommended 1968 
Parting salaries that equal to the goal set by 
he Association. Ontario has recommended a 
$475 starting salary and Saskatchewan a 
$450 starting minimum. 

New Brunswick, whose recommended 
oasic salary for 1968 is the lowest of the 
10 provinces, is the only province whose 
:oal has already been achieved. Dr. Stephen 
Weyman, the province s health minister, 
announced on March 4, 1967, that New 
Brunswick nurses would receive a 20 per 
cent salary increase over a two-year agree 
ment. Starting salaries for general staff 
nurses will be raised from $3,720 to $4,476 
annually by 1968. This is equivalent to 
a $372 monthly salary. 

In announcing the Association s stand 
on salaries, CNA President Reverend Sister 
Mary Felicitas said it is important to the 
health standards of all our people that 
the nursing profession continue to increase 
in quantity and quality to meet the demands 
for better care. 

"The present economic status of nurses 
can be a deterring factor in the recruitment 
of young people in a very competitive 
society and can keep qualified nurses from 
practicing their profession," she said. 

Similar reasons were expressed by Jo 
Eleanor Elliott, President of the American 
Nurses Association when that national goal 
was established last summer. She told 
reporters at the time, that there is "a direct 
relationship between the economic position 
of nursing and quality of patient care." 

MAY 1967 



Nursing Education Committee Recommends 
Strong Controversial Policies 

Recommendations proposed by the Committee on Nursing Education 
and accepted by the Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion at their meeting in Ottawa in March reflect strong, go-ahead policies. 
The committee presented a list of Beliefs About Nursing Education, and four 
strong recommendations calling for immediate and appropriate action on 
the Beliefs. Board members supported the committee s actions and accepted 
the stated beliefs with only minor changes. 



Major points on which the committee 
requested action are : 

definition of two distinct categories of 
nurse practitioners eligible for licensure as 
registered nurses, 

differentiation in educational programs 
for each category, 

placement of nursing education within 
the general education system, 

phasing out as soon as feasible of present 
programs for licensed certified registered 
assistants (nurse aides, practical or psychiat 
ric nurses), 

assistance to qualified members of present 
programs of licensed auxiliary personnel 
in nursing to gain preparation at the 
diploma level, and 

preparation of a new category of workers 
to assist in non-nursing activities at the 
secondary school level. 

The Beliefs will be introduced into a 



complete statement on CNA policies, be 
liefs and activities for the next biennium. 

The committee noted "Current trends 
in health appear to be toward more 
comprehensive health services whose nature 
and complexity will demand an increasing 
number of highly qualified nursing person 
nel." The committee therefore called for 
immediate action to encourage recruitment 
of suitable candidates into nursing prac 
titioner programs rather than assistant 
programs. 

fn presenting the Beliefs, the committee 
emphasized that there is a rapid growth 
of workers in nursing who are inadequately 
prepared for or geared to future needs 
of nursing. The report to the board said : 
"Tremendous resources (financial, clinical, 
and human) are being used for the prepara 
tion of nursing assistants," and that these 
"could be better utilized in preparing nurs 
ing practitioners." 



CNA Headquarters 
Unopened But Named 

It has a name now, even though the new 
headquarters of the Canadian Nurses 
Association is not yet officially open. The 
name "CNA House," which has been used 
un-officially since the Association moved 
into the building over a year ago, was 
chosen as the official title at the meeting 
of the Board of Directors held in Ottawa 
in March. 

Original planning of CNA House was 
done by a House Committee. Mildred 
Walker, chairman of the committee, died 
this January, shortly after her retirement 
as senior nursing consultant in the oc 
cupational health division of the Department 
of National Health and Welfare. Other 
members of the original committee were 
Evelyn Pepper, vice chairman, Mary Ac- 
land, and Mima MacLaren. 

The opening of CNA House originally 
scheduled for March 15, 1967, was post 
poned out of respect for the memory of 
Govenor General Georges P. Vanier. It 
has been tentatively scheduled to coincide 
with the next Board meeting to be held 
in Ottawa, September 27-29, 1967. 



National Exams For Canada? 

A national testing service for Canadian 
nurses is receiving serious consideration 
by the national and provincial associations. 
The national service was recommended by 
the Board of Directors at the mid-March 
meeting in Ottawa. The service would 
eventually offer, in both languages, registra 
tion examinations in the five nursing sub 
jects : medical, surgical, psychiatric, pediat- 
ric, and obstetrical nursing. 

The Board authorized the national office 
staff to obtain consultant services to develop 
a plan for a national testing service and to 
determine the requirements regarding per 
sonnel and facilities. 

At present, the Ontario and New Bruns 
wick Associations are using examinations 
prepared by the RNAO Testing Service. 
The other provincial associations are using 
examinations from the National League 
for Nursing. In Quebec, only English- 
speaking applicants write NLN test pool 
papers. 

The Board s decision was prompted by 
the position taken by the American Nurses 
Association at their biennial meeting in 
June 1966; the ANA has requested that 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



NLN examinations no longer be given 
outside the USA. 

As considerable time is required to set 
up a Canadian testing service, the Board 
recommended that provincial associations 
use the testing services of RNAO in the 
meantime. 

CNA Offers 
Consultation Services 

The Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses Association has defined its policy 
concerning consultation services offered by 
national office staff. Approval of recom 
mendations suggested by the national office 
staff was given at the Board meeting at 
CNA House in March. The recommenda 
tions were based on practices in other nurs 
ing and allied agencies. 

Services offered are of two kinds : inter 
pretation and consultation. 

Interpretative visits are made on behalf 
of the Association to interpret Association 
objectives to sister organizations inter 
national, national or others. Expenses 
incurred on these trips will be assumed 
by CNA. 

Consultive services are offered to help 
other associations to improve nursing care. 
When consultation is requested by a mem 
ber association, CNA assumes the expenses 
for at least the first five days. For prolong 
ed visits to a member organization, CNA 
will pay the consultant s salary , while the 
provincial organization pays transportation 
and living expenses. Consultation fees to 
non-member organizations will be $80 a 
day plus transportation and hotel expenses. 

Reorganization of structures initiated in 
1965 and approved by CNA members at 
the July 1966 General Meeting has made 
this revision of policy necessary. 

Requests for consultation are addressed 
to the Executive Director. Acceptance is 
subject to the nature of services requested 
and CNA s resources. 

Royal Commission on Status of 
Women To Get Brief from Nurses 

The Canadian Nurses Association will 
submit a Brief to the Royal Commission on 
the Status of Women, the CNA Board of 
Directors decided at their March meeting 
in Ottawa. 

The Commission, announced by the 
federal government in February, will be 
chaired by Mrs. John Bird (Ann Francis). 
It will investigate women s roles and make 
recommendations to the federal govern 
ment to ensure that women receive equal 
rights in every sphere of Canadian society. 

CNA s Committee on Social and Econo 
mic Welfare recommended the submission 
of the Brief on behalf or nurses, and sug 
gested areas to be incorporated. Items to 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



be included, among others, were : considera 
tion of nursery schools to enable mothers 
to return to the profession, instigation of 
maternity leave without loss of benefits, 
and greater income tax deductions for the 
working wife. 

Although the CNA is a professional 
organization, and includes men among its 
membership, the Board pointed out that 
its members comprise a very large group 
of working women; more than one-half of 
all employed nurses are married, according 
to latest CNA statistics. The Board there 
fore believes that a statement from org 
anized nurses is necessary. 

Several provincial associations New 
foundland, British Columbia, Manitoba, and 
Saskatchewan indicated that they may 
also submit statements to the Commission. 

Special Meeting Planned 
For Provincial Registrars 

The ten provincial officers responsible 
for registration will undertake an in-depth 
study of registration requirements and 
licensing responsibilities for foreign nurses. 
This suggestion was approved by the 
Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses 
Association at their meeting in Ottawa in 
mid-March. 

Miss Helena Reimer, secretary-registrar 
for the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec, told the Board that 
the meeting had been requested at a 
conference of executive secretaries and 
registrars held just previous to the board 
meeting. Miss Reimer pointed out that 
several provinces -- especially those that 
offer higher basic salaries receive many 
applications from out-of-province nurses. 

The conference could investigate ways 
and means to coordinate registration re 
quirements. 

Miss Lillian Pettigrew, associate executive 
director of CNA, was named chairman of 
the conference, which is planned for late 
fall. 

"Because of misunderstandings about dif 
ferences in provincial registration require 
ments, nurses moving from province to 
province or coming from another country 
are often critical of complexities in obtain 
ing registration," said Miss Pettigrew. "It 
is hoped that the investigation may suggest 
ways of speeding up the processing of 
applicants credentials." 

First Canadian Conference 
On Maternal and Child Health 
Held in Ottawa 

Canada s infant death rate compares 
poorly with rates of other countries, such 
as Sweden and the Netherlands, Health 
Minister Allan MacEachen told delegates in 
his opening address to the conference on 
Maternal and Child Health held in Ottawa 
March 19-22, 1967. The four-day confe 
rence was called by the federal department 
of health to help assess ways and means 



The Handicapped at Expo 67 




Handicapped per 
sons have not been 
forgotten by those 
planning Expo 67, 
according to Expo 
officials. All buil- 
duings and facili 
ties constructed by 
the Expo Corporation are in accord with 
recommendations published in 1965 as a 
supplement to the National Building 
Code of Canada. The supplement, Build 
ing Standards for the Handicapped, 
1965, expressed concern that handicap 
ped and aged persons often are frustrat 
ed by the difficulty in getting about 
in public places. 

The Montreal world fair, to be 
held from April 28 to October 27, 
demonstrates the feasibility of planning 
facilities that permit easy access for 
the handicapped. A special symbol in 
dicates entrances and facilities specially 
prepared for the convenience of handi 
capped visitors. 

A specially designed car for the Expo 
transportation system, called "La Bal 
lade," will carry 50 handicapped pas 
sengers in comfort and without fatigue. 
The car will accommodate up to 25 
wheelchairs. This train will leave from 
Place d Accueil on MacKay Pier four 
times a day. 

Special groups of 60 persons can rent 
other transportation for several hours 
for about $2.00 each; an Expo guide 
will accompany the group. 

Wheelchairs will be available for rent 
at the Expo site. Cost will be about 
$5.00 per day; a partial refund will be 
given. 

Expo consultants advised all pavillion 
architects to consider the handicapped 
in their designs. As part of the overall 
landscaping effect, ramps rather than 
exterior stairways, were provided. Rest- 
rooms are planned with special fixtures 
and wide doors to facilitate the visitor 
in wheelchair. 



of meeting maternal and child health needs 
in a changing society. 

About 150 delegates mostly doctors, 
nurses, and social workers - - represented 
provincial departments of health and major 
voluntary organizations concerned with the 
program areas. 

Four experts with extensive professional 
background and experience participated as 
consultants throughout the conference. Sir. 
Dugald Baird, formerly Regius Professor 

(Continued on page 10) 
MAY 1967 









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news 



(Continued from page 8) 

of Midwifery and Gynaecology, University 
of Aberdeen. Scotland; Dr. Helen Wallace, 
Professor of Maternal and Child Health. 
University of California, Berkeley; Madame 
le Docteur Nathalie P. Masse, Directeur 
de 1 Enseignement, Centre International de 
1 Enfance, Paris; and Dr. Leona Baumgart- 
ner, visiting Professor of Social Medicine, 
Harvard Medical School, Boston, gave the 



main addresses, and participated in the dis 
cussions. 

The conference was mainly community 
oriented, and concentrated on areas of 
maternal health and the newborn, infant, 
and toddler. 

Dr. Gregory Tompkins, associate profes 
sor of obstetrics and gynecology at Dalhou- 
sie University. Halifax, pointed out that 
Canada s maternal death rate is also com 
paratively high, as is the rate of infant 
deaths immediately following birth. He em 
phasized good prenatal care and called for a 
massive education program to be directed to 
expectant mothers. 



DANDRUFF 
WARD 



DANDRUFF 
WARD 



. 

I 







You won t see this in your hospital 



We re not trying to fool you. 

We re making a point! 

That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one Selsun 
by Abbott. 

Selsun clears up annoying, unsight 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments, 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported 1 ). 

You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 



Really, there s no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 

Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 



i Slinger, W, W., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat 
ment ot Seborrheic Dermatitis with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium Bisulfide, Arch. Oermaf. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 

Trodemork registered 

Selsun* 



(Selenium Sulfide Detergent Suspension, U.S. P.) 
ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver 



10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Dr. Helen Wallace pointed out that there 
were some preventable factors in the deaths 
of children age 1-4 years. The three mair 
causes of death in this age group are 
accidents, influenza and pneumonia, anc 
congenital malformations. 

Full reports on the conference, and bound 
copies of major speeches, will be available 
later for loan to nurses through the C 
Library, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4. The 
accession list will contain notice of availa 
bility. 

CNF Names Officers 

Miss M. Jean Anderson, director of nurs 
ing at Victoria Public Hospital in Frede 
ricton, N.B., was elected president of the 
Canadian Nurses Foundation at the Boarc 
of Director s meeting held at CNA House 
in Ottawa on March 15, 1967. 

The nine-member Board also electet 
Miss Verna Huffman, public health nursing 
consultant in the Department of Nationa 
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, as vice-presi 
dent. Both positions are for one-year terms 

Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive dr 
rector of the Canadian Nurses Association 
was appointed as secretary/treasurer. The 
Board also named Miss Dorothy Percy as 
chairman of the nominations committee 
and Miss Huffman as chairman of the selec 
tions committee for the awards. 

The Canadian Nurses Foundation is a 
national incorporated body organized to 
acquire funds to provide scholarships for 
nurses and to stimulate research in nursini 
science. The CNF presently gives scholar 
ships of up to $3,500 each for study a 
the master s level, and awards of up to 
$4,500 each to doctoral candidates. 

Committee Vacancies Filled 

Vacancies on various committees were 
filled during the recent meeting of the Boarc 
of Directors of the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation. Several of the appointments wer 
necessitated by the death of Dr. Katherin 
E MacLaggan, former CNA president. 

Miss Louise Miner, first vice-presiden 
of the Association, was appointed to th 
CMA-CHA-CNA liason committee. Siste 
Mary Felicitas, the new president of the As 
sociation, was named to the Canadian Wel 
fare Council, the Nursing Unit Administra 
tion Course Advisory Committee, and to 
the Board of Governors of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses for Canada. 

Appointed as a representative of CNA 
to a newly formed steering committee on 
Canadian Conference on Hospital-Medical 
Staff Relations was the executive direc 
tor of the Association, Dr. H.K. Mussallem. 

The appointment of Miss Evelyn Pepper 
to the Committee on Nominations was also 
ratified. Other members on the Nominations 
Committee include A. Isobel MacLeod, 
chairman, Sheila Nixon, Margaret Page 
and Mary Wilson. 

(Continued on page 12) 

MAY 1967 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



,. 







I 



MEDICATED 





IAY 1967 



skin 



LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64 Colgate Avenue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



(Continued from page 10) 

CNA and You 

"From where you sit, it may appear 
to be a long way to CNA s Headquarters 
in Ottawa and its influence on your work 
and your professional life may appear cor 
respondingly remote." 

But the influence of the Canadian Nurses 
Association on the individual Canadian 
nurse is far from remote, as a recently 



published pamphlet "What the CNA does 
for you" clearly points out. 

In a personal and straightforward man 
ner this small pamphlet describes the four 
main areas where CNA directly concerns 
its members. It also points out that its 
effectiveness is directly related to "support 
and participation it receives from you, its 
individual members." 

The Association, as the unified voice of 
nurses across the country, can exert a tre 
mendous influence on the entire profession 
as long as its members are aware of it. 

This pamphlet was prepared "to explain 
briefly what the CNA does for you and to 



TO PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 








Marriage is a responsibility that often re 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance 
from professional people. In many instances 
a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo 
man, mother, or a mature woman. 

"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Doc 
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist 
in preparing a woman for patient-physician 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet stresses the importance to the indi 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suits her religious, medical, and psychological 
needs. 



Nurses are invited to use the coupon below 
to order copies for use as an aid in coun 
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John 
son Laboratories as a free service. 



Meadjdii 

LABORATORIES 



ORDER FORM 

Please send ..... 
Nome 



To: Mead Johnson Laboratories, 
111 St. Clair Avenue West, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 

copies of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your I 
Doctor" to: 



Address 






12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



solicit your interest and participation so i 
can be more effective in the work bein^, 
done." 

For free copies of this publication write 
to the Canadian Nurses Association, 50 Th 
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

US Library Council 
Invites CNA Membership 

The Canadian Nurses Association ha* 
become the only non-American agency or 
the Interagency Council on Library Tool; 
for Nursing. The Council is an independen 
advisory body composed of representative; 
from agencies and organizations with ai- 
active interest in library aids to nursing 

Miss Margaret L. Parkin, CNA Librarian 
had attended the March meeting of the 
Council as a guest. In announcing the invi 
tation, she anticipated that participation 1 
in the Council s activities would be reflect 
ed in improved CNA library services ano 
that all Canadian nurses would benefit. 

"This membership will give the CNA at 
excellent opportunity to share in exchange 
of ideas, plans and experiences and to ex 
plore nursing library needs with othei 
groups," said Miss Parkin. 

Unique Nursing Program 
Scheduled For BCIT 

British Columbia s first two-year basic- 
diploma program is scheduled to begin this 
September at the British Columbia Institute 
of Technology. Amendments to the Nurses 
Act passed recently, removed restrictions cal 
ling for a minimum three-year course. The 
Registered Nurses Association of British 
Columbia helped draft the new program. 

The course will be the first of its kin& ! 
in Canada to offer a common instructor, 
to students enrolled both in nursing anc 
other medical technology options. It is 
hoped that this will encourage mutual under 
standing and foster an atmosphere of harmo 
ny between nursing students and other wor 
kers in the health field. 

Newly appointed director of the nursing* 
program is Barbara Blackwood Kozier, R.N., 
B.A., B.S.N., M.N. Mrs. Kozier is co 
author of a new textbook Fundamentals oj 
Patient Care. 

Clinical facilities for the program will bt< 
made available through outside hospitals 
Approval-in-principle and a willingness tc 
collaborate in the development of the pro 
gram have already been indicated by twc 
area hospitals, the Burnaby General and 
the Lions Gate. 

Admission of 60 students per year is 
envisioned, with provision for expansion 

Fluoridation Gets CNA Approval 

The Canadian Nurses Association hai 
officially endorsed fluoridation of water as 
a public health measure. 

This decision was made by the Board o. 
Directors at their meeting March 16-17 ir 
Ottawa. 

MAY 1967 



news 



The Board based its endorsation on scien- 
:ific reports and studies of medical and 
lublic health authorities in Canada and the 
United States, and recommendations from 
he World Health Organization, the Can- 
idian and American Medical Associations, 
he U.S. Department of Health, the Can- 
tdian Dental Association, the Health Lea- 
jue of Canada, as well as commendations 
Tom the faculties of preventative medicine 
if 75 Canadian and American Universities. 

RPN s Seek Recognition 
in Ontario 

The Psychiatric Nurses Association of 
3ntario has asked the College of Nurses of 
Ontario to examine the possibility of change 
n the provincial Nurses Act to allow 
Dntario registered nurses of the future to 
lave one of two basic types of training. 
^ach leading to registration: 1. a physical 
>riented course; 2. a psychosocial-heulth- 
iriented course. 

This suggestion has also been submitted 
o the Registered Nurses Association of 
Dntario. The RNAO has indicated that this 
opic will be discussed at the next RNAO 
Board of Directors meeting. Mr. R. Ewart 
-Srown, vice-president of the PNAO. is also 
in RNAO Director. 

The PNAO is also preparing a brief to 
he Committee on the Healing Arts, set up 
.mder the Public Enquiries Act of Ontario. 
The psychiatric association has already sub- 
nitted a brief to Dr. B. H. McNeel, direc- 
or of psychiatric services for Ontario. 

A general meeting of the psychiatric 
uirses unanimously passed a resolution that 
he Associaton proceed toward the establish- 
nent of a separate charter, but at the same 
ime, explore every possibility for eventual 
ncorporation under the College of Nurses 
>f Ontario and RNAO. 

At a press conference in late March, Mrs. 

Kl.A. Dyson, R.P.N., PNAO executive se- 

jretary, said that RPNs ask for dual and 

:qual registration. Mr. Brown said. "We can 

iccept nothing less." 

NLN Convention Opens 
In New York This Month 

The National League for Nursing Conven- 
ion in New York will open Monday morn 
ing. May 8, with a keynote address by 
lohn S. Millis, Ph. D., president of Western 
Reserve University and Chairman of the 
Citizens Commission on Graduate Medical 
Education. The week-long convention pro 
gram will feature many other notable fi- 
aures in health and education as it deve 
lops various facts of the convention theme, 
"Nursing in the Health Revolution." 

A film program featuring a new movie 
premiere and one of the largest educational 

VlAY 1967 



Thermometer Registers Dollars Not Degrees 




A six-foot thermometer helped student nurses at St. Joseph s Hospital, Toronto, 
to raise $115 for a mission run by the Oblate Fathers in the Northwest Territories. 
The Christian Student Nurses club organized the project. Convenors Mary Syrotuik 
(center) and Pam Dillon (left) and publicity chairman Pat Evans (right) planned an 
advertising campaign to let staff know of the project and on St. Valentine s Day set up 
a collection booth decorated with photographs and Eskimo arts and crafts on loan 
from the Department of Northern Affairs. Students constructed the thermometer of 
plastic sheeting, red tape, and a red light bulb. 



exhibit to be staged at a League convention 
are also scheduled. 

The membership will also vote on bylaw 
changes for reorganization of the League 
structure. 

The convention runs from May 8 to 12 
with major sessions at the New York Hilton 
Hotel. The National Student Nurses Asso 
ciation Convention, May 4-7, immediately 
precedes the League meeting. 

Each morning of the convention will be 
devoted to general assemblies, with lunch 
eons, afternoon and evening sessions re 
served for business meetings and programs 
of special interest groups. 

MARN Responds to Report 

The Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses has issued a statement to its mem 
bers in reply to the Report of the Commit 
tee on the Supply of Nurses. The Report, 
commissioned by the Manitoba Department 
of Health in 1965, was tabled in the Legis 
lature in January of this year. 



The Reply, prepared by an Ad Hoc 
Committee within the Association, was pu 
blished in the MARN News Bulletin for 
March, 1967. 

The Association announced that it was 
pleased that several recommendations made 
by MARN to the Committee during its 
investigations were accepted. The Committee 
particularly endorsed the concept of two 
types of nurse practitioners, each with dis 
tinct roles and functions. 

The Association also endorsed the con 
cept of a register of nurses as suggested 
in the Report and declared its support of 
recommendations on several other matters. 

The MARN has asked for more informa 
tion and clarification of terms of reference 
and functions of a proposed Permanent 
Committee on Nursing, as suggested in the 
Report. Other parts of the Report are also 
marked for detailed study and the MARN 
has requested a discussion with the Minister 
of Health on these points. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



New Brunswick Students 
Award Bursary 

Judith McKay, a fourth year nursing 
student at the University of New Brunswick, 
received the $200 bursary awarded annually 
by the New Brunswick Student Nurses As 
sociation. 

Miss Donna Malcolm, president of 
NBSNA, said that the bursary is awarded to 
a senior student who has been an active 
chapter member. 

The students association raises the mo 
ney from fees. Each student in the province 
pays $1.00 per year to NBSNA. 

Miss McKay comes from Florenceville, 
N.B. She has been an active member of 
NBSNA and is, at present, president of the 
nursing society at UNB. 

University of Sherbrooke 
Receives Grant 

Quebec s Minister of Health, Jean-Paul 
Cloutier, has announced a grant of one 
million dollars to the Medical Center of 
the University of Sherbrooke. 

The grant permits the University to 
begin work on a proposed three million 
dollar project. 



Male School of Nursing to Close 

The Alexian Brothers Hospital in Chica 
go will close its famous all male school 
of nursing effective with the graduation 
of the current freshman class in 1969. 

According to Brother Flavian Renaud, 
provincial for the brotherhood, the decision 
is the result of a long and thorough study 
of nursing education undertaken by a 
committee of brothers since 1962. Brother 
Flavian listed six major reasons that 
convinced the committee of the correctness 
of this decision. 

1. A college program offers the educa 
tion best suited to qualify a man to ac 
cept leadership roles in nursing. 

2. The brothers recognize the value of 
a coeducational program for men in nur 
sing. Society is accepting the male nurse 
to a greater extent, and consequently many 
schools are now anxious to admit them. 

3. The congregation has a diminishing 
need for the Alexian School, since the 
majority of brothers attend university pro 
grams. 

4. Qualified faculty are difficult to ob 
tain. 

5. The school of nursing is a financial 
burden to the hospital and congregation. 

6. Nursing education in junior college 
programs is low in tuition and provides 
the student with an associate degree. Those 
wishing to advance to a full college degree 
are allowed more credits from a junior 



college program than a diploma program 
Brother Flavian emphasized that thw 
brotherhood will maintain its interest ir 
nursing education. Two of its hospitals an 
already providing clinical facilities to col 
lege and university programs, he said. 

Work Conferences for Teachers 
and Directors of Diploma 
Nursing Programs 

Teachers and directors of nursing pro 
grams who are planning on implementing i 
two-year curriculum design would find it 
worthwhile to attend a work conference, 
conducted by Dr. Mildred Montag and Dr 
Alice Rines, Division of Nursing Education. 
Teachers College, Columbia University. 
June 5-9 and/or June 12-19. 1967. 

The focus of the conference, June 5-9, is 
on curriculum. The program will include 
philosophy, organization of curricula, selec 
tion and organization of the content of nurs- 
sing courses, and approaches to teaching 
nursing. 

The content of the conference, June 12- 
16, 1967, will include trends, practices and 
issues in adminstration, assessment of com 
munity resources, establishing and maintain 
ing relations with cooperating agencies, and 
utilization of community agencies. Appli 
cation must be made to the Division of 
Nursing Education by June 1, 1967. Enrol 
ment limited. Registration fee $65.00 for 
each conference. 



Facts about Financial Assistance 


IxtrSI SlC-lCCI Chart shows financial assistance granted to registered nurses for post-basic 
- . * university study, Canada, 1965. National organizations include the Canadian 
[^ II fO S 1 n Nurses Foundation, Canadian Red Cross, St. John Ambulance, and Victorian 
Order of Nurses. One province, which granted an additional $54,725, was 
/*"*- M l^J l unable to identify the type of program; the money went to 107 nurses 
V^Ct 1 ICtUCt (60 university diploma /certificate, 46 baccaulareate, 1 master s) . 




Agency Granting 
Financial Assistance 


Total 


Type of Program 




University 
Diploma/Certificate 


Post-basic 
Baccalaureate 


Master s 


Doctorate 


Amount 
Expended 


Nurses 
Assisted 


Amount 
Expended 


Nurses 
Assisted 


Amount 
Expended 


Nurses 
Assisted 


Amount 
Expended 


Nurses 
Assisted 


Amount 
Expended 


Nurses 
Assisted 


TOTALS 


$914,601 


669 


$568,520 


449 


$271,961 


188 


$55,150 


26 


$18,970 


6 




National Nursing 
Organizations 


101,900 


62 


52,500 


41 


\ 2,400 


8 


23,000 


9 


14,000 


4 






Provincial Nurses 
Associations 


15,600 


21 


1,500 


3 


6,900 


13 


4,200 


4 


3,000 


1 






Provincial 
Governments 


797,101 


586 


514,520 


405 


252,661 


167 


27,950 


13 


1,970 


1 




Source: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses Association, 1966. 



14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



news 



itudy Investigates 

Growth of Quebec Children 

A study on growth undertaken by a Uni- 
ersity of Montreal research body will seek 
D determine the degree of dental hygiene 
nd the rate of growth of French-Canadian 
hildren as compared with European and 
imerican children. 

The survey is expected to last at least 
aree years and more than 2,000 Montreal 
hildren boys and girls from 6 to 16 
ears will be observed. Each year, the 
hildren will receive a physical, dental and 
nthropometrical examination lasting one- 
lalf day. These tests are free of charge. 
A dietitian will attempt to determine the 
ofluence of food habits on the children s 
;rowth. Mrs. Micheline Dubuc, who will 
;arry out the study on diets, is convinced 
hat differences exist between eating habits 
>f Quebec school children and those in 
rther provinces and she wonders what 
epercussions this may have on the health 
>f future generations. 

While a physician, dentist or anthropo- 
ogist examine the child, the nutritionist will 
liscuss his diet with the mother. Later, 
he three specialists will give advice to the 
>arents. 

The cost of the survey is covered by a 
;rant provided through federal-provincial 
igreements. 

Supervision: 
Compromise or Challenge 

Nursing care, nursing education, nursing 
issignments are becoming more and more 
:omplex. The supervisor s role is the most 
likely to be affected, but the supervisor 
lerself does not seem to realize the extent 
>f her role in today s and tomorrow s nurs- 
ng care. 




Complete physical examinations will be carried out on more than 2,000 Quebec 
school children during a three-year study on growth patterns by the University 
of Montreal Research Center. Both males and females will be observed. 



These were the remarks of Mr. Roger 
Oosselin, guest speaker at the workshop 
sponsored by the French chapter of ANPQ 
District 1 1 . The meeting took place in 
Montreal, March 8, 9 and 10, 1967. Mr. 
Gosselin is director of study and develop 
ment projects in the Quebec area for Sam 
son, Belair. Simpson, Riddell Inc.. adminis 
tration consultants. 

The speaker commented on the role of 
the supervisor as currently described in 
literature. Then he surprised his audience 
with his own definition of this role and 
gave his description of the extensive changes 
it would bring about if adopted. 

Mr. Gosselin maintains that the super 
visor should no longer be considered simply 
as the person responsible for inservice edu 
cation and nursing care and as an adminis 
trative spokesman without any real adminis 
trative functions. He foresees an extension of 
the supervisor s role on both sides, that is, 
a broadening of responsibilities toward both 




Mr. Jean-Marie Toulouse, psychologist, joins one of the discussion groups 
during the Nursing Supervisors Workshop sponsored by the ANPQ District II 
(French). The workshop took place in Montreal, March 8, 9 and 10, 1967 . 

MAY 1967 



authorities and subordinates. The supervisor 
is the middleman to whom the hospital 
hands out long-term objectives. She also 
takes part in the formulation of these ob 
jectives and points out to the authorities 
modifications brought about by the pa 
tient s special needs. 

Mr. Gosselin s speech was followed by a 
discussion on the supervisor s present func 
tions. Mrs. Yolande Belzile-Rochon, super 
visor at Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, 
spoke on "Supervision in hospital environ 
ment" and she emphasized means of control, 
staffing and work planning. Miss Pierrette 
Lussier, district supervisor at the City of 
Montreal Health Department, described the 
role of the nurse supervisor in public health. 
Miss Rita Dussault, lecturer in the master s 
degree nursing program at University of 
Montreal, suggested "ways of supervising," 
emphasizing planning of observation visits, 
teaching communication and equipment ins 
pection. 

Members of the discussion groups suggest 
ed, among other things, that the title "super 
visor" be replaced by "senior nurse." They 
also suggested that the nursing service pre 
pare a working chart to be posted in each 
department so that everyone knows exactly 
to whom he is responsible. 

Ontario Universities Report 
On Health Science Programs 

Ontario universities face a serious shor 
tage of health sciences teachers and scien 
tists unless provisions are made quickly 
for postgraduate training of additional man 
power to meet anticipated increases in en 
rolment. A Report on Health Sciences in 
Ontario Universities, released by the Com 
mittee of Presidents of Universities of On 
tario, estimated that space now being cons 
tructed at five universities for additional 
teaching and research in the health sciences 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



and their teaching hospitals, will double 
enrolment in undergraduate medical stu 
dents. 

In addition, enrolment in dentistry, nurs 
ing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupa 
tional therapy, speech therapy and public 
health will likely increase from the present 
2,637 undergraduates and graduates to 
4.944 in the next decade. 

The Report estimated that by 1975-76 
Ontario universities would require for their 



total health sciences courses, 1,867 post 
graduate teachers and scientists an in 
crease of 1,101 over present staff. 

The Report emphasized that university 
construction, stimulated by the federal 
Health Resources Fund of $500 million will 
mean the opening of extensive new facilities 
during the 1969-71 period. 

The Report foresaw difficulty in obtain 
ing the necessary faculty unless teachers and 
scientists in Canada were encouraged to 
remain in academic work and others encou 
raged to return to Canada from abroad. 
Also, a more favorable working environ 
ment should be created for university facul 
ty members, such as increased facilities, ade- 



ONE-STEP PREP 





with 

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single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA s fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 

The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 ! /2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
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as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 1 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



quate grants for conducting research, and 
opportunities for working with others in the 
field. 

It attached much importance to steps to 
attract and encourage outstanding univer 
sity graduates to continue in postgraduate 
courses leading to careers in the health 
sciences. 

It placed importance on creation of new 
levels of student aid, both undergraduate 
and graduate in the form of scholarships, 
bursaries and graduate fellowships. 

The Report stated that universities should 
continue to have primary responsibility for 
medicine, dentistry, public health, medical 
social work, clinical psychology, speech 
therapy and audiology, and should also 
provide degree programs for leaders in nurs 
ing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupa 
tional therapy. 

The Report also stated that responsibility 
for training of large numbers of personnel 
in shorter diploma courses in nursing, phar 
macy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy 
and dietetics, should rest with the Colleges 
of Applied Arts and Technology and hos 
pital schools. 

In establishing such priorities, it recom 
mended a coordinating planning council, 
similar to the newly-formed Ontario Council 
of Health, to prevent duplication of effort 
and provide for close cooperation between 
government, universities, hospitals and the 
various health professions. 



Physical Facilities Readied for 
Saskatchewan Regional School 

Plans for physical facilities for the new 
regional nursing education program to open 
in Saskatoon this coming fall are nearly 
completed. The new program, the first in 
Canada to be established under a depart 
ment of education rather than a health 
department, will open its doors to about 
250 students in September. 

The nursing program will be given at the 
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Arts and 
Sciences. Classes eventually will be held in 
a new tower to be built on the Institute 
grounds. At present, however, the facilities 
of St. Andrews College on the University 
Campus and additional facilities at the Sas 
katchewan Institute of Applied Arts and 
Sciences will be used temporarily to house 
both classroom activities and office space 
for teachers. The central library will be si 
tuated at the Institute while a resource li 
brary for behavioral sciences will be avail 
able at St. Andrews College where most of 
the behavioral science classes will be given. 

Sister Therese Castonguay, s.g.m., super 
intendent for the nursing education division 
of the department of education, reports that 
plans for the new tower at the Saskatche 
wan Institute are completed and the work 
is moving ahead almost on schedule. The 
new tower will cover 45,000 square feet 
and will have six floors. Two of these 

MAY 1967 



news 



iloors will be used for classroom and office 
pace for the school of nursing. One theatre 
f 200 seats and two theatres of 100 seats 
/ill be available, eight classrooms of 35 
*eats, four nursing labs of 24 seats, two de- 
nonstration and practice units of 8 beds 

le which will be equipped with modern 
aonitoring devices), three seminars of 24 
hairs and six seminars of 12 chairs, plus 

study room of approximately 75 individual 
arrels will complete the educational faci- 
ities available on these two floors. Some 
massigned space will provide for further 
xtension. 

The administrative and office space will 
irovide for 24 single offices and 16 double 
>ffices, plus one lecturer s office with four 
lesks. There is also a student lounge and a 
acuity lounge available on these floors. 
Central facilities in the tower will provide 
: or library accommodation, general admi- 
listration offices, auditorium, cafeteria, 
ounge and closed circuit TV facilities. 

It is expected that this new tower will 
:>e completed on time to admit the second 
;lass in September. 1968. There is no plan 
o move in the middle of the year, even 
f facilities were available, as this would 
;ause unnecessary disruption in the pro- 
iram. 



Living accommodation will be the respon 
sibility of the students, and housing registry 
will be available in the general administra 
tion of the Institute for students who wish 
to have assistance in locating suitable living 
accommodation. 

Intensive Care Nursing Course - 

Three major hospitals in Victoria, B.C. 
Royal Jubilee. St. Joseph s and the Veteran s 
Hospitals combined in planning and im 
plementing an eight-day course in January 
for nurses in general surgical and medical 
intensive care units, and coronary care 
units. 

The B.C. Hospital Insurance Service un 
derwrote much of the expense, enabling 
nurses in these units to be relieved for the 
duration of their course. Thirty doctors, 
several nurses, and other specialists shared 
in the teaching. Many nurses, in addition 
to those employed in the intensive care units, 
attended parts of the course in their own 
time; ten nurses came from "Up-Island" 
hospitals. A total of 69 to 98 nurses attend 
ed these lectures and demonstrations daily. 

Four days of the course emphasized newer 
concepts in medical and nursing care of 
acutely-ill patients, whether following sur 
gery or not; and four days were assigned 
to introduce the need for and objectives of 
specialized coronary care units, and care 
of the patients in such units. The use of 
cardiac monitoring equipment, pace-makers 



and defibrillators, and the "basics" of inter- 
pretion of electrocardiograms were explain 
ed and demonstrated. Future drills in the 
coronary care units were planned, as it was 
recognized that only an introduction to 
these skills could be made in these four 
days. 

Nurses, doctors and hospital administra 
tive personnel were enthusiastic about the 
course. Many stated it had given them a 
new awareness of the extent of knowledge 
and skills expected of nurses in these spe 
cialized units and a greater appreciation of 
what can be accomplished by the united 
endeavors of three hospitals in planning 
for staff teaching. 

New Hospital 

to Treat Addictions 

"We want the staff to feel as if it is an 
exclusive club," said Dr. Gordon Bell. 
Executive Director of the new Donwood 
Foundation Limited, Toronto, which admit 
ted its first patient Monday, February 27th. 
The staff for the new 50-bed hospital is 
from the Bell Clinic, which Dr. BeJI pri 
vately owned and operated for 20 years pre 
viously. 

The Donwood Foundation Limited is a 
non-profit, special public hospital with Mrs. 
Mary Epp, director of nursing. It was 
built to treat addictions of all kinds to 
food, drugs, tobacco and alcohol. 

A feature at Donwood will be the per- 



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All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
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ARE YOU 

Q] Receiving duplicate copies? 

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The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 

ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 

The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 

50 The Driveway 

Ottawa 4, Canada 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 




IWA 

Preferred by Nurses Everywhere. V / 





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order envelopes, group prices. 

SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (same name) Pins 
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2 identical 



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169 Tailored ill-metal, 
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replacement ! Delicately 
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back, yet sturdy for 
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Choose Black, Dk. Blue or Clear 
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65 $ 1 



IMPORTANT ORDERING INFORMATION 

Due to the difference in the rate of exchange, 
extra postage, and additional costs in transfer 
of funds, it is necessary for us to add a special 
Handling Charge of 25c on all orders from Canada 
amounting to less than $5.00. 



TO: REEVES COMPANY, 


Attleboro 


Mass. 02703 U.S.A. 


STYLE DESIRED: No. 
METAL FINISH (169 
LETTERING COLOR: 


or 100) 
Black D 


... as shown above. 
Gold D Silver Q 
Dark Blue Q 


Please send D 1 Pin 
LETTERING: 


a 


2 Pins (same name) 


2nd Line: 












Please send D 1 Pin 
LETTERING: 


a 


2 Wns (same name) 


2nd Lin: 







Please send sets Cap-Tacs (6 per set) 
D Black D Ok. Blue D Clear Q Solid Black 


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NOTE: Order for 1, 2 or 3 persons on above 
coupon . . . use extra sheet for more. 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



news 



sonal atmosphere. Dr. Bell plans to divide 
patients into groups of 10 for therapy. He 
also intends to have monthly conferences 
for all staff members chefs, waitresses, 
cleaning women, etc. This will enable every 
one coming into contact with the patients to 
play a part in their care. 

Building Program At UNB 

The University of New Brunswick has 
awarded an $862,000 contract for construc 
tion of superstructure on the School of 
Nursing Building. 

The new School of Nursing Building will 
contain, among other facilities, a 400-seat 
auditorium, a multi-purpose education wing, 
a nursing arts laboratory, a circular de 
monstration theatre, teaching rooms, and 
office accomodation for about 60 faculty 
members. 

The school s basement has already been 
completed and furnished at a cost of 
$270,000. Lectures are presently being held 
in several classrooms of the basement. 

The total cost of the building and furnish 
ings is estimated to be $1,325,000 of which 
a grant covering 75 percent of the cost is 
expected shortly from the Federal Depart 
ment of Health and Resources. The remain 
ing 25 percent or $331,250 will be raised 
by the university. 

Construction of the superstructure is ex 
pected to begin in mid-April and be com 
pleted by December 31. 

Ninety-one students are presently enrol 
led in the four-year bachelor of nursing 
program, with six more students enrolled 
in the registered nursing degree program. 

Male Nurses Gain 
Recognition 

There Is a Place for Men in tlte Nursing 
World according to the Ontario Hospital As 
sociation. That is the title of a new pam 
phlet soon to be distributed by the Asso 
ciation to high schools right across the pro 
vince. 

This move to encourage bright young 
men to consider nursing as a career follows 
a resolution by the hospital association 
urging efforts to promote higher recruit 
ment of males into this vital area of hospital 
work. 

Although the last century has seen the 
development of nursing as a predominately 
female profession, it was not always so. 
During the early Christian era and even to 
the middle of the last century, men belong 
ing to brotherhoods and religious orders as 
sumed nursing duties. Members of the bro 
therhood of Parabolini in the third cen 
tury. St. Basil s Monks in the sixth century, 
the order of St. John and the Teutonic 
Knights during the crusades, and the congre- 



PROVINCE OF ALBERTA 



EMPLOYMENT 
OPPORTUNITIES 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

Preference given to nurses with 
experience in Psychiatric Nursing. 
Salary: $360 - $455 per month, 
depending on qualifications and 
experience. 

Benefits - Civil Service holiday, 
sick leave and pension benefits. 
Positions available in various 
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult, 
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and 
Continued Treatment Mental Hos 
pitals. 

For details and application 
forms write or apply to: 

The Director of Mental Health, 

304 Administration Building, 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

Will require 

TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director.School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



MAY 1967 



news 



gallon of Alexian Brothers, in existence 
since the 14th century, cared for the sick 
and wounded. 

In pointing out the challenge, satisfaction 
and rewards awaiting men who choose a 
nursing career, the OHA pamphlet asks 
high school students some basic questions: 

Do you enjoy working with people and 
giving assistance in time of need? This is the 
prime consideration of anyone going into 
this profession. 

Are you a good student? Modern nursing 
needs people who have the capacity to learn 
new techniques and methods in order to 
keep up with this rapidly expanding field. 
Modern nursing is a continuous learning 
process. 

Are you able to accept responsibility? 
This is important because the nurse is 
responsible for life -- the life of his pa 
tient. 

Do you have an interest in scientific sub 
jects? As a member of the paramedical team, 
the nurse finds himself more and more 
involved in scientific and electronic ap 
proaches to patient care. 

Do you desire a career with ample op 
portunity for advancement? Nursing these 
days offers better salaries than ever for 
general duty staff and in Ontario have been 
advancing every year by from 7 to 10 per 
cent. And more and more higher-paid admi 
nistrative, supervisory and teaching positions, 
suitable for men, are opening in the expan 
ding hospital field. 

Last year, for instance, a male registered 
nurse became the first to be appointed ad 
ministrator of a hospital. Several hospitals 
now have men as directors of nursing. One 
big reason is the extra stability which they 
bring to a profession that has always been 
at the mercy of marriage and motherhood. 
Although many married women return to 
nursing after their children have grown up. 
there is a need for a constant supply of 
life-time career nurses. 

Since 1963, there has been a 40 percent 
increase in the number of male nursing 
students throughout Ontario. The total fi 
gure, however, is still small. About 80 men 
were studying for their Registered Nurse 
diplomas this past year in 20 hospital nurs 
ing schools. Another 24 schools say they 
are prepared to consider admitting men as 
candidates. 

SRNA Responds to Ad 
Hoc Committee Report 

The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses As 
sociation has issued statements on the Re 
commendations of the Ad Hoc Committee 
on Nursing Education issued in August, 
1966. The committee was called by the Sas 
katchewan Department of Public Health; 

MAY 1967 



Mr. Justice Walter A. Tucker was chair 
man. The responses are based on SRNA 
policies and objectives, and have been ap 
proved by the Council of the Association. 

Generally, the Association approves the 
underlying principles inherent in all the 
recommendations. "Most of the recommen 
dations were a reiteration of those made by 
the SRNA in a Brief to this Committee," 
says Linda Long, SRNA advisor to schools 
of nursing. 

There is evidence to indicate that the gen 
eral msmbership want diploma nursing edu 
cation included in post-secondary education 
program developments, such as community 



or junior colleges, and not technical insti 
tutes," adds Miss Long. "Also, they express 
the need to take time for the transfer of 
hospital diploma nursing education pro 
grams to regional educational institutions. 
This, they feel, is vital to ensure a satis 
factory development and, more important, 
it is essential for protection of the patient 
whom we as nurses serve during this transi 
tion stage. 

"The general membership have sought as 
surance that the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association will maintain mini 
mum professional standard setting and their 
method of enforcement," she says. n 



When they ask about 
Family Planning . . . 



The interested nurse will want to be of help. 

One way is to provide them with a copy of the new, 

informative booklet "An Introduction to Family Planning" 

This booklet uses clear diagrams and understandable 

copy to explain how conception takes place, and 

the various methods available for family planning. 

You may wish to use the coupon below to obtain 

a copy of this booklet. Additional copies are available 

on request. 



Miss E. Dawson, R.N., 
Department of Educational Services, 
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd., 
19 Green Belt Drive. 
Don Mills, Ontario. 

Miss Dawson: Please send copies of the free booklet 

"An Introduction to Family Planning". 



R.N. 



Address 



City 



Prov. 




Devoted to Research in Family Planning \O I" T n O 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



t 

\ 



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prevents adherence of 
granulation tissue . . . speeds healing. 



This is Elastoplast . . . with a 
difference. The pattern you see, 
much enlarged, is a new plastic 
net film that separates the med 
icated pad from the wound. 
Granulation tissue won t adhere, 
so it s easily removed without 
discomfort to the patient. At 
the same time, this porous net 
keeps the wound dry by allow 
ing moisture and skin exudates 



20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



to pass through to the underly 
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because Elastoplast is a truly 
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Available in all widths H/i". 
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MAY 1967 



names 




The new director of 
the School of Nurs 
ing, Misericordia Gen 
eral Hospital, Win 
nipeg. Manitoba, is 
Ono Gebhord, a native 
of Edmonton, Alber 
ta. Mrs. Gebhard 
graduated from Royal 
Jubilee Hospital 
School of Nursing, Victoria, British Col 
umbia, and has since earned a certificate 
in pubiic health from the University of 
British Columbia, a Bachelor of Nursing 
degree from the University of Manitoba, 
and, recently, an M.S. degree (major in 
psychiatric nursing) from the University 
of Minnesota. 

Mrs. Gebhard has worked as staff nurse 
with Tranquille Sanatorium, Tranquille, 
B.C., with the Metropolitan Health Com 
mittee, Vancouver, and with the Provincial 
Department of Health in Manitoba. From 
1958 to 1963, she was student health dir 
ector at Misericordia School of Nursing 
and the following year, instructor in psy 
chiatric nursing. Following this she attended 
the University of Minnesota. 

Mrs. Gebhard has worked on various 
committees with the Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses, including the nursing 
service and nursing education committees. 



Kathleen DeMarsh, 

who is presently 
studying for her M. 
Sc.N. in administra 
tion at the University 
of Western Ontario 
London, has been 
appointed director of 
nursing service at 
the Winnipeg General 

Hospital. She will assume her new position 

on July 1, 1967. 







Miss DeMarsh, a graduate of the school 
of nursing of Saskatoon City Hospital, re 
ceived her certificate in teaching and super 
vision from the school of nursing of the 
University of Toronto in 1943. From 1951 
to 1954 she attended Victoria College of the 
University of Toronto where she obtained 
her B.A. She is presently studying on a 
Canadian Nurses Foundation Scholarship. 

Miss DeMarsh has held supervisory posi 
tions with Saskatoon City Hospital and was 
director of the school of nursing at Brant- 
ford General Hospital, Brantford, Ontario, 
from 1943 to 1946. The next two years 

MAY 1967 




were spent in outpost nursing with the 
Canadian Red Cross Society in New Bruns 
wick. Following this she was on a special 
assignement for the Red Cross, rewriting the 
Red Cross Home Nursing Manual. She has 
held various other positions with the 
Society including assistant national director 
of nursing services at the National Head 
quarters in Toronto. 

Previous to enrolling at Western, Miss 
DeMarsh spent five years as assistant dir 
ector of nursing education at the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos 
pital. 



Jeanne d Arc Pa- 
quet has recently 
been appointed dir 
ector of nursing at 
the new Pierre Janet 
Psychiatric Hospital 
in Hull, Quebec. A 
graduate of the school 
f nurs i n g of Saint- 
Jean-de-Dieu in Mont 
real, Miss Paquet completed a postgraduate 
course in psychiatric nursing at the Uni 
versity of Montreal in 1955, and in 1963 
she received a certificate in nursing edu 
cation from L institut Marguerite d You- 
ville, Montreal. 

Since then she has undertaken special 
studies in business administration, religious 
science and philosophy, advanced studies 
in group dynamics, and hospital adminis 
tration. 

Before her present appointment, Miss 
Paquet spent four years as a head nurse at 
Saint-Jean-de-Dieu Hospital in the psychi 
atric research section and five years as 
head nurse in medicine and surgery at 
Sacred Heart Hospital, Hull. She was dir 
ector of studies for the affiliation programs 
at Saint-Jean-de-Dieu for four years, dur 
ing which time she organized and directed 
the studies program of the postgraduate 
course in psychiatry. 



Marlene Caldwell, 
a 1952 graduate of 
the school of nursing 
of Grace Hospital, 
Winnipeg, was re 
cently appointed reg 
istrar of the Mani 
toba Association of 
Registered Nurses. 
Mrs. Caldwell has 
had general duty ex 





perience at the Hamiota General Hospital, 
Hamiota, Manitoba, and has also had clin 
ical experience in psychiatry at the Win 
nipeg General Hospital. Previous to her 
appointment with the MARN, Mrs. Cald 
well spent a year as an instructor in the 
inservice education department of the 
Winnipeg General. 



Margaret McLean, 

consultant in hospital 
nursing for the De 
partment of National 
Health and Welfare, 
returned recently from 
her first trip to the 
Middle East where 
she acted as special 
consultant at a 10-day 
seminar on "Development of the Clinical 
Services for Nursing Education." 

Fourteen Middle Eastern countries, each 
represented by two persons -- one from 
nursing service and one from nursing educa 
tion participated in the seminar, which 
was planned by a regional panel of nurses 
and the World Health Organization, with 
Miss McLean on loan as special consultant. 
Her job was to analyze the problems of 
the participating countries and to summar 
ize the decisions made. Objective of the 
seminar was to improve nursing service in 
the clinical areas of the Middle East in 
hospital nursing service and public health 
fields. At present, a few of these countries 
have university schools of nursing and some 
are working to improve their diploma 
schools. 

Miss McLean s report on the seminar, to 
be published by WHO, includes the recom 
mendations made at the seminar that a 
study and evaluation of nursing needs and 
resources be conducted, that a practical 
program of staff education be inaugurated, 
and that those countries with similar needs 
and problems work together. 

"The commitment of a few prepared 
nursing personnel in the countries, in spite 
of fewer qualified people and less adequate 
facilities, supplies and equipment espe 
cially impressed me," said Miss McLean. 

Freda L. Paltiel recently joined the 
staff of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare as senior research of 
ficer for the Rehabilitation and Chronic 
Diseases Unit of the Health Research Div 
ision. Mrs. Paltiel has a broad background 
in research in health and social welfare 
subjects. In 1964 she served as research 
associate with the Royal Commission on 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



New Mosby texts to help today s students 

develop the in-depth understanding 
that will be demanded of tomorrow s nurses 




A New Book! 



Dison 



Fig. 11-10. Dry sterile dressings. A, a sterile disposable glove offers pro 
tection during removal of contaminated dressing. B, soiled dressing and 
glove are discarded. C, wound is cleansed with sterile materials. D, 
method of opening individually packaged dressing. E, dressing is removed 
from wrapper with sterile forceps. F, dressing being applied with sterile 
forceps. G, completed dressing. 



AN ATLAS OF 
NURSING TECHNIQUES 

Here is a unique contribution to the field of nursing literature 
an outstanding pictorial presentation that specifically ex 
plains and describes basic nursing techniques. Emphasis is 
placed on the principles, purposes and nursing action, thereby 
allowing adaptation and modification by the student under 
varying situations. 

The original step-by-step illustrations drawn specifically for 
this atlas show the techniques as the nurse would view them. 
The reasons and guiding principles for selecting these tech 
niques are clearly explained. "How-to" illustrations compliment 
the "why" explanations and guide your students through nurs 
ing procedures involved in medical-surgical nursing. Among 
the vital topics demonstrated are the nurse s actions in emergency 
situations; ventilation; administration of drugs; topical medi 
cation and intravenous fluid therapy. Current methods and 
techniques for elimination, drainage and suction are among 
the many important topics chosen for illustrated study. 

This is ihe only text which provides detailed descriptions of 
venipuncture with Jelco I.V. Catheter Placement Unit and the 
step-by-step use of the Bird Respirator and Bennett Therapy 
Unit. The unique visual format of this new text enhances and 
accelerates student learning. This text is an ideal supplement 
to your courses in "Medical-Surgical Nursing", "Fundamen 
tals", and other specialty courses. 

By NORMA GREENLER DISON, R.N., B.A., Clinical Instructor, Medical-Surgical 
Nursing, Saint Mary s School of Nursing, Rochester, Minn. Publication date: 
April 1967. 258 pages, 7" x 10", 113 illustrations. Price, $8.60. 



A New Book! 



LEARNING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STEP-BY-STEP 



This outstanding new manual introduces a unique three step 
method of mastering medical terminology, enabling your stu 
dents to apply this knowledge to their daily studies and all 
medical specialities. Step one breaks down medical terms into 
their components, permitting immediate recognition. In step 
two she learns basic anatomy and physiology of body 
systems and in step three is taught the names of major dis 
eases, plus terms used in physical examination and diagnosis. 
A time-saving alphabetized list of common abbreviations, sam 



ple forms and information necessary for processing medical 
reports are additional helpful teaching aids included in this 
new text. A complimentary instructor s manual providing sam 
ple curricula, supplemental lecture material and teaching tips 
will be furnished instructors adopting this new manual. 

By CLARA GENE YOUNG, Retired Technical Editor and Writer (Medical), 
U.S. Civil Service and; JAMES D. BARGER, M.D., (F.A.C.P.) Pathologist, Las 
Vegas, Nevada. Publication date: May, 1967. Approx. 220 pages, 7" x 10", 
39 illustrations. About $5.85. 



A New Book! 



TEXTBOOK FOR PSYCHIATRIC TECHNICIANS 



McClelland 



Emphasizing the therapeutic function of the psychiatric tech 
nician, this comprehensive new text provides your student with 
the skills, knowledge and attitudes necessary for the most ef 
fective care of his patient. This easy-to-understand new text 
defines the technician s role, job duties and responsibilities as 
a vital member of the mental health team. The importance of 
interpersonal relationships to therapeutic functioning is under 
scored with emphasis on prevention, early detection, treatment 
and rehabilitation of the mentally ill. An in-depth study is 



made of patterns of behavior and management including physi 
cal and emotional nursing approaches and measures. Questions 
for discussion, a vocabulary review and summary are helpful 
additions to each chapter. 

By LUCILLE HUDLIN McCLELLAND, R.N., B.S.N., M.S.N.E., Ph.D., Psy 
chiatric Nursing Consultant for Psychiatric Consultant Team sponsored by 
Department of Mental Health, State of Illinois, Institute of Psychoanalysis, 
Chicago, Illinois. Publication date: July, 1967. Approx. 270 pages, 6 2" x 
9V2", 32 illustrations. About $7.20. 



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22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



Health Services and in the following year, 
contributed the chapter on Research in 
Aying to the Report of the Senate Com 
mittee on Aging. She has recently com 
pleted assignments on behalf of the Can 
adian Welfare Council and also has parti 
cipated in the Victorian Order of Nurses 
Home Care Plan of Ottawa as medical 
social work consultant. 

In connection with her new duties to 
carry out research and related activities 
on rehabilitation and chronic disease pro 
grams, Mrs. Paltiel is especially interested 
in the work of the official and voluntary 
agencies in Canada that are active in direct 
service programs as well as in health educ 
ation and research in this field. 

Maude Irene Dolphin, former director 
of nursing at Nanaimo Regional General 
Hospital, Nanaimo, British Columbia, has 
been appointed assistant professor, admin 
istration, at the school of nursing of the 
University of Toronto. Miss Dolphin is a 
1944 graduate of the Royal Victoria Hos 
pital School of Nursing, Montreal. She 
also holds a bachelor of nursing degree 
from McGill University and a master of 
nursing from the University of Washington, 
Seattle. 

Miss Dolphin has gained a variety of 
experience throughout her nursing career. 

Following graduation she spent two years 
as a supervisor at the Alexandra Hospital, 
Montreal. Following this she worked as a 
head nurse at Royal Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal, and as an instructor at the Van 
couver General Hospital, Vancouver, British 
Columbia. From 1953 to 1959, she served 
as nurse educator in Pakistan, Syria, and 
Mauritius with the World Health Organi 
zation. On her return to Canada she be 
came a public health staff nurse with the 
provincial public health department in 
Nanaimo. 

Miss Dolphin has been with the Uni 
versity of Toronto since November, 1966. 

Barbara Blackwood 
Kozier has been nam 
ed director of the new 
nursing program 
scheduled to begin at 
the British Columbia 
Institute of Technolo 
gy this September. 

Mrs. Kozier, at pre 
sent on leave from 
her doctoral study, holds several degrees, 
including her B.A. and B.S.N., from the 
University of British Columbia and her 
M.N. with a major in administration of 
schools of nursing from the University of 
Washington. She also attended the Univers 
ity of Washington College of Education as 
a doctoral candidate and obtained additional 
preparation in medical-surgical nursing. 

Mrs. Kozier, an author of several art 
icles and a recently published textbook on 

MAY 1967 




p;ilient care, has worked as a staff nurse, 
an instructor, and a teaching assistant. Her 
first position was with the Vancouver 
Branch of the Victorian Order of Nurses 
and from there she went to the R.W. 
Large Memorial Hospital, Bella Bella, B.C.. 
and The Vancouver General Hospital. 

Mrs. Kozier has always been active in 
professional associations including the Can 
adian Federation of University Women and 
several alumnae associations. 

Erna Wright, tutor-in-charge of antenatal 
training at Charing Cross Hospital, London, 
England, will be conducting seminars for 



the National Childbirth Trust. The seminars 
will consist of an intensive course on the 
French approach to preparation for child 
birth the psychoprophylactic method, and 
will include lectures, discussions, films and 
slides. 

Mrs. Wright studied the psychoprophyl 
actic approach of Dr. Pierre Vellay who 
worked with the late Dr. Fernand Lamaze, 
and has adapted his technique for English 
use. The method has been used success 
fully for the last seven years. 

Mrs. Wright is also author of the book 
The New Childbirth, which has been pub 
lished recently in North America. O 




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and the others are used for Reminder Cards which concern the 
patient s care. Each slot has a clear covering to protect its card 
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24 THE CANADIAN NURSE MAY 1967 



dates 



May 6, 1967 

Estevan Nurses Chapter of the 
Saskatchewan Association of 
Registered Nurses, 21st Anniversary 
and Reunion. 

Would former members please write 
to Mrs. J. M. Budd, 1025 Valley Street, 
Estevan, Saskatchewan. 

May 8-9, 1967 

Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the 
Association of Registered Nurses 
of Newfoundland. To be held in 
Grand Falls, Newfoundland, with 
guest speaker, Mrs. Huguette Labelle, 
Associate Director of Nursing 
Education, Ottawa General Hospital 
School of Nursing. 

May 16-19, 1967 

Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, 
Chateau Lacombe, 
Edmonton, Alberta. 

May 19-21, 1967 

60th Anniversary Reunion of the 
Royal Inland Hospital School of 
Nursing, Kamloops, B.C. 
For further information write.- 
Mrs. Sylvia Lum, Suite "C", 
248 Victoria St., Kamloops, B.C. 

May 24-26, 1967 

Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association Annual Meeting, 
Saskatoon. 

May 25-27, 1967 

and 
May 28-30, 1967 

National Childbirth Trust Seminar, 
"The Psychoprophylactic Method," 
Dunbar Community Center, 
Vancouver, B.C. Guest Speaker: 
Erna Wright. For information, 
application forms and costs, write: 
Mrs. R. Brodie, Area Secretary, NCT, 
39 1 9 West 1 9th Ave., Vancouver 8, 
British Columbia. 

May 29-30, 1967 

Nova Scotia Operating Room Nurses 
Conference. To be held at the 
Victoria General Hospital, Halifax. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Nova Scotia Annual Meeting, 
Sydney, N.S. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
British Columbia Annual Meeting, 
Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. 

May 31-June 2, 1967 

New Brunswick Association of 
Registered Nurses Annual Meeting, 
The Playhouse, Fredericton. 

MAY 1967 



June 4-16, 1967 

A residential summer course on 
Alcohol and Problems of Addiction. 
University of Windsor, in association 
with Addiction Research Foundation 
of Ontario. Enrolment limited to 80. 
Direct enquiries to: Director, Summer 
Course, Addiction Research 
Foundation, 344 Bloor St. West, 
Toronto 4, Ontario. 

June and July, 1967 

The School of Hygiene, University of 
Toronto will conduct an 8-week course 
in Advanced Study of Health Services 
Organization and Administration. 
Pre-requisite qualifications 
A baccalaureate degree or equivalent. 
Preference to be given to candidates 
with considerable administrative 
experience in a health service 
program. Fees: $200. Registration 
limited. Further information from : 
Course Director, Professor F.B. Roth, 
School of Hygiene, University of 
Toronto. Requests for application 
forms to: Dr. D. L. MacLean, 
Secretary, School of Hygiene, 
University of Toronto. 

June 7, 1967 

Manitoba Operating Room Study 
Group, one-day symposium, to be 
held in conjunction with the Manitoba 
Hospital Association Conference 
and the Western Hospital Institute 
at the Royal Alexander Hotel, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 
Theme: What s New? 

June 8-9, 1967 

Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, Annual Meeting, Royal 
Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg. 

June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of 
Nursing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. 
Any graduates who do not receive 
alumnae newsletters, please send 
name and address to: St. Joseph s 
Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae, 
30 The Queensway, Toronto 3, 
Ontario. 

July 5-8, 1967 

Congress on Mental Health. 
Sponsored by the Canadian Mental 
Health Association. To be held at 
Le Chateau Champlain, Montreal. 
Theme: Man and His Mind. 

November 16-17, 1967 

Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec, Annual Meeting, 
Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City. 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 

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THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 




1967 






New Edition Ready June 

Bookmillcr, Bowen & Carpenter: 
OBSTETRICS AND 
OBSTETRIC NURSING 

By Mae M. Bookmiller, R.N., and 
George Loveridge Bowen, A.B., 
M.D., formerly of N.Y.U. School of 
Medicine and Bellevue Hospital, and 
Dolores Carpenter, R.N., B.S., M.A., 
Bellevue and Mills Schools of Nurs 
ing. 

In the completely updated New (5th) 
Edition, this highly respected text 
book of obstetric nursing retains its 
notably clear, complete, and gra 
phic presentation while incorporat 
ing new information on such topics 
of current interest as amniocentesis, 
intrauterine transfusion, the post- 
maturity syndrome, placental insuf 
ficiency, and chromosomal abnor 
malities. The history and fundamen 
tals of obstetrics are presented first, 
followed by a detailed description 
of nursing care during normal labor 
and delivery and the puerperium. 
Then the possible complications of 
each period are discussed and the 
nursing requirements of the neonate 
are described. Over 350 illustrations 
illuminate the text, self-examination 
questions are given for each chapter, 
and a comprehensive glossary is in 
cluded. 



New! Ready April 

Kozier & Du Gas: 
FUNDAMENTALS OF 
PATIENT CARE 

By Barbara Blackwood Kozier, 
R.N., B.A., B.S.N., M.N., B.C. In 
stitute of Technology, and Beverly 
Witter Du Gas, R.N., B.A., M.N., 
formerly of Vancouver General 
Hospital School of Nursing. 

This entirely new text in nursing 
fundamentals falls precisely in line 
with current teaching concepts, and 
is ideally suited to either the diplo 
ma or the baccalaureate program. 
The approach is patient-centered 
throughout, with emphasis on fun 
damentals rather than techniques, 
thus giving the student a firm foun 
dation for understanding the pro 
cedures she will learn in her clinical 
training. The book is divided into 
three major sections: 1) history and 
fundamentals of nursing; 2) needs 
common to all patients, such as 
safety, hygiene, and nutrition; and 
3) specific needs of patients with 
certain types of disorders (e.g. res 
piratory problems, fever, pain). The 
problem-solving approach is stres 
sed, with typical "study situations" 
presented for review at the end of 
each chapter. Chapter outlines, vo 
cabulary lists, bibliographies, and a 
comprehensive glossary augment the 
usefulness of this welcome text. 



About 650 pp., illust. About $9.25. 386 pp., illust. About $7.00 



New! Ready May 

Dienhart: 

BASIC ANATOMY AND 

PHYSIOLOGY 

By Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D., 
Emory University. Illustrated by 
Steven P. Gigliotti. 

Now in press, this entirely new text 
book will set a new standard of 
clarity, conciseness, and complete 
ness. It is not an abridgement of a 
larger text, but a new book written 
especially for the student of practi 
cal nursing and for paramedical 
personnel. Dr. Dienhart explains the 
anatomy and physiology of the hu 
man body in an outstandingly clear 
and logical way, covering each or 
gan system in turn. Important struc 
tures are vividly portrayed in about 
150 black-and-white illustrations, 
most of them prepared especially for 
this book, plus eight pages of plates 
in full colour. Throughout the text, 
useful information is presented in 
convenient tables. Every chapter be 
gins with an outline and concludes 
with a detailed summary and a list 
of review questions. A list of select 
ed reference materials and a glossary 
are also provided. 
About 288 pp., illust. About $4.75. 



26 



Published by W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, Philadelphia and London 
Order your copies from McAINSH AND CO. LTD., 1835 Yonge Street, Toronto 7. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



EDITORIAL 



As of 1969, the National League 
for Nursing will restrict its sale of 
Test Pool examinations to the U.S.A. 
This decision, made at the American 
Nurses Association biennial meeting 
last June, has serious implications for 
nursing education in Canada, since 
eight of the ten provincial nursing 
associations are dependent on this 
NLN testing service for the licensing 
of professional graduate nurses. 

RNAO testing service available 

Ontario and New Brunswick are the 
only provinces that do not purchase 
the State Board Test Pool examina 
tions from the NLN. (Quebec pur 
chases NLN examinations for English- 
speaking candidates; French-speaking 
candidates write examinations that are 
prepared in the province.) Graduates 
of Ontario and New Brunswick 
schools of nursing write examinations 
prepared by the Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario s Testing Ser 
vice, which was initiated in 1964. 

The RNAO is prepared to extend 
its testing service to the eight prov 
inces now with NLN, as soon as prov 
incial contracts with that organization 
are terminated in 1969. If the prov 
inces agree to this, the RNAO testing 
service then could form the nucleus 
for a national testing service in this 
country. 

The RNAO Testing Service offers 
French and English examination pa 
pers in four major areas of clinical 
content: medical, surgical, pediatric, 
and obstetrical nursing. Since psychia 
tric nursing is not a compulsory sub 
ject of study for students in Ontario 
schools of nursing, an examination on 
this subject is not offered. 

Board action 

NLN s decision to withdraw its test 
ing services prompted CNA s Board 
of Directors to set up an ad hoc com 
mittee on national examinations in 
September, 1966, to determine what 
would be needed in the development 
of a Canadian system of machine-scor 
ed, objective type, registration examin 
ations. In addition, the committee was 
directed to submit recommendations 
concerning CNA s involvement in such 
a project. 

MAY 1967 



At its last meeting in March, 1 967, 
the Board of Directors approved cer 
tain recommendations submitted by 
this ad hoc committee. These were : 

1. That CNA be instrumental in 
setting up a National Testing Service 
with the eventual goal of a separate 
foundation being developed. 

2. That CNA recommend to the 
provinces that: a) The RNAO reg 
istration examinations be utilized in 
1969, at which time national stan 
dardization would take place; b) the 
provinces participate in the item ana 
lysis of the RNAO examinations in 
1968; and c) each province requiring 
an examination in psychiatric nursing 
for registration be individually res 
ponsible in this area until such time 
as a national examination is available. 

3. That the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation organize a National Testing 
Department to develop registration 
examinations to be made available to 
the provinces; and that such a Testing 
Department offer examinations a) for 
the licensing of professional graduate 
nurses; b) in the five major areas of 
clinical practice; c) in both French and 
English. 

4. That CNA take immediate steps 
to plan and provide for the prepara 
tion... of persons [skilled in test and 
measurement techniques]. 

5. That CNA obtain the services of 
a qualified consultant now, on a tem 
porary basis, to develop a plan for 
a national testing service and to det 
ermine the requirements regarding 
personnel and facilities. 

Although the CNA Board of Dir 
ectors has approved these recommend 
ations, the final decision concerning 
their implementation rests with each 
provincial nurse licensing body, since 
licensure falls within provincial juris 
diction. 

Decisions must be made 

Whether we like it or not, whether 
we are prepared for it or not, we have 
to become involved, immediately, with 
some type of testing service for nurse 
licensure. The "we" in this instance 
refers to nurse educators as well as to 
the provincial nurses associations and 
the national association. 



That this testing service should 
provide machine-scored, objective-type 
examinations is hardly contestable at 
this point in our history. The issues 
that may be questioned and ultim 
ately decided on by each provincial 
nursing association are these: 

First, should examinations for nurse 
registration be prepared at the national 
or provincial level ? Second, if at a 
national level, should CNA become 
and be identified as - - an examina 
tion-setting body ? Third, should the 
RNAO Testing Service be used as the 
nucleus for examinations at the nation 
al level? 

National or provincial level? 

It is unlikely that individual prov 
inces will wish to undertake the mon 
umental task of preparing and pro 
cessing their own machine-scored, ob 
jective tests. This would be wasteful 
of both human and financial resour 
ces. Moreover, the shortage of per 
sons skilled in test and measurement 
techniques would eliminate the possi 
bility of each province being able to 
set up its own examinations. 

There is another, logical, reason 
why registration examinations should 
be conducted at the national, rather 
than provincial level. The establish 
ment of a nationwide system of ex 
aminations would be a big step toward 
uniformity of registration requirements 
in this country. 

Await consultant s report 

The answers to the second and third 
questions concerning CNA involve 
ment with a testing service, and the 
possibility of the RNAO Testing Ser 
vice becoming a nucleus for national 
examinations - - will probably be in 
the affirmative. However, a final dec 
ision will be made only when the con 
sultant as yet unnamed has 
examined and reported on the whole 
issue, and when the provincial asso 
ciations have studied her report and 
reached their own conclusions. 

One thing is certain: We can no 
longer rely on our friends south of the 
border to provide us with this testing 
service. The nursing profession in Ca 
nada must assume this responsibility, 
and assume it quickly; 1969 is only 
two short years away. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



Wad hams Outpost 
Nursing Station 



The first patient at the Red Cross 
Outpost when it opened in Wadhams, 
British Columbia on November 1, 
1965 was a huge miner who eased in 
through the kitchen door without 
knocking, suffering from broken ribs 
as a result of a fall. The second pa 
tient was a 69-year-old hand logger 
who had been mauled by a grizzly 
bear the previous year. He was 
brought in with a badly swollen leg 
and severe dehydration, having tested 
the theory that "you feed a cold and 
starve a fever." The miner left under 
his own power; the logger stayed the 
night the first to try the new one- 
bed hospital. All went well with him 
and by morning he felt chipper and 
ready for breakfast. 

Since its debut, the Wadhams Out 
post has learned the wisdom of the 
slogan "be prepared." After two 
years, its files contain records of 
avulsions, lacerations, contusions, 
sprains, aches and pains, sore throat, 
earache, "running noses," removal of 
foreign bodies from all parts of the 
anatomy, salt water boils, fish poison 
infection, infected bites from our im 
pressive Inlet insects, acute abdomens, 
cardiac attacks, allergic reactions, 
contact dermatitis, ingestion of stove 
oil, carbon monoxide poisoning, alco 
holism, emotional problems, insom 
nia, corns, hemorrhoids and hot 
flashes - - and too, too often, tooth 
ache from abscessed teeth. 

Wadhams is one of 24 outpost nurs 
ing stations operated by the Canadian 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Sybil Johnson 

Red Cross, and the most isolated. It is 
located about 250 miles north of Van 
couver City, between Vancouver Is 
land and the Queen Charlottes, where 
an inlet cuts deeply into the rugged, 
rocky coastline of British Columbia. 
This is Rivers Inlet, one of the two 
mainland regions where the famous 
Sockeye salmon come to spawn and 
one of the greatest fish-packing areas 
in Canada; where rain forests rise lush 
and green and the logging industry 
thrives; where the Pacific weather 
systems stage exhilarating demons 
trations; where all the buildings and 
walks squat on floats, docks and 
pilings. 

At one time, there were 1 1 canneries 
in operation in the area, but now only 
fish camps remain. Wadhams, owned 
by B. C. Packers Ltd., is the largest 
camp on the Inlet. In the summer 
there may be 500 people in Wadhams, 
thousands in the Inlet. Then the fish 
ing season ends, and like small ghost 
towns the camps are left to a lone 
caretaker and his family. Logging con 
tinues until weather forces a shut 
down. A few of the families stay on. 
By winter the population consists of 
these families whose businesses and 
homes are here, and the one cosy little 
native village of Owikano at the head 
of the Inlet. 

Transportation is either by boat or 
plane. If it weren t for large logging 
vehicles, one could come to believe 
that tires are used only as bumpers 
on the sides of boats. Communication 



is by radio-telephone, subject to the 
whims of weather distortion. There is 
no TV, no daily paper; in fact, for 
eight months of the year, supplies and 
mail arrive by freighter twice a month, 
and there is weekly service for the 
other four months. 

Although the furniture in our Wad- 
hams clinic is not the most modern, it 
is sturdy and serviceable. The dental 
chair is a museum piece, dating back 
to the 1890 s shortly after the first 
Methodist medical missionary came 
into Rivers Inlet to open a medical 
center, to care for the gory accidents 
of fish cannery workers, neglected 
families of fishermen, and the appal 
ling misery suffered during the fren 
zied passion to harvest the Sockeye 
salmon. 

In 1951 the Fisheries Association, 
assisted by the fishermen and the Na 
tive Brotherhood, provided the present 
medical center. It was built in two 
sections in Vancouver, towed on a 
large scow to the Inlet, then pulled 
to its present position and joined, to 
produce a well planned, three-room 
clinic and a deliehtful three-room suite 
with all the facilities of town. 

Before the Canadian Red Cross 
Society took over, this medical center 
had been operated for three summer 
months by the R. W. Large Memorial 
Hospital of Bella Bella, B. C., with a 
senior medical student in attendance. 

Mrs. Johnson is employed at the Red 
Cross Outpost Hospital at Wadhams. B.C. 

MAY 1967 



One doctor from Bella Bella visited 
weekly in the medical boat. He still 
does. After fishing season, he flies in 
once a month, collects the Red Cross 
nurse and together they make the 
rounds of Rivers and Draney Inlets, 
Owikano village and the logging 
camps on Owikano Lake. Of course, 
when winter comes the doctor s calls 
are subject to long delays by un 
friendly weather. This same fiendish 
weather provokes hazardous boat trips 
for all, and some of the flights in the 
"tin eagle" are spent straining on the 
seat belt, instead of reclining on the 
seat. 

All seriously ill patients are flown 
out to Bella Bella, Port Hardy or Alert 
Bay. The ambulance plane can be 
here within half an hour. Less serious 
cases can be transported by boat. 
Thus, as a rule, in-patients remain in 
the Outpost only 24 hours, subject 
of course to wind, weather and tides. 
The summers are busy, but winter is 
slack. Logging accidents and boat 
explosions are always a possibility, but 
the men are safety conscious. 

One thing a nurse learns quickly 
at an outpost such as Wadhams is to 
think ahead where provisions are con 
cerned. A breakfast for the working 
men means bacon, half a dozen eggs, 
half a loaf of toast, potatoes, fruit, 
jam, and coffee with milk and plenty 
of sugar. Groceries are ordered from 
the city throughout the winter, and 
after a few months of shortages one 
learns to order sufficient supplies. One 
thing is certain our patients enjoy 
home-cooked meals, and a request for 
a second helping is regarded as a 
compliment by a nurse who doesn t 
profess to be a cook. 

Red Cross has equipped the Outpost 
for almost everything because almost 
everything from birth to death can 
happen. 

One day that started at 5:00 A.M. 
developed steadily, until Paul, a 63- 
year-old, 300-pound fisherman, col 
lapsed on his boat with all the symp 
toms of cerebral vascular accident. 
While waiting for the ambulance 
plane, this large man was carried to 

MAY 1967 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



the nursing station and, since his stay 
would only be about 20 minutes, the 
canvas stretcher was placed in the 
center of the opened Toronto couch 
in the waiting room. The exhausted 
stretcher-bearers went en masse to find 
a cart for a return trip. During this 
lonely vigil, Paul had a violent seizure 
with all movements lashing to the left, 
toward the wall. Visions of her patient 
falling off the stretcher and then off 
the couch, catapulted the nurse into 
protective calisthenics that can only be 
described as a mis-match by about 200 
pounds. Of course the seizure didn t 
last forever, sodium luminal was in 
jected, the "shook-up" nurse was 
attempting to regain her poise and 
composure when a plane landed. No 
ambulance, this plane! Dr. C. S. Gam 
ble and Nurse Beacom of the National 
Health Services had arrived for the 
doctor s first official visit. The hour 
was noon, the nurse s husband and 
son came in for lunch, and the table 
was bare. It was one of "those" days; 
but somehow, one survives to meet a 
live "Peter" another morning. 

Pete was a 74-year-old fisherman 
who spent seven long hours at night, 
in the chill waters of Queen Charlotte 
Sound, clinging to two life preserver 
rings, when his boat sank suddenly 
after hitting a submerged deadhead. 
Fishermen are a hardy lot. Pete s big 
problem when he recovered from 
shock and exhaustion was, "would his 
missus let him buy another gill- 
netter?" 

The Red Cross nurse was called to 
the village one March evening when 
the flu epidemic raged along the coast. 
She found every one in the village 
suffering. The following night she re 
turned to attend the men who had 
been overcome by the infection and 
had to leave their work in the logging 
camps. The men suffered the most. 
The Oolichans (candle-fish) were run 
ning and all were too ill to fish. 

The first trip was the opportune 
time to test the efficiency of the nur 
se s little black bag. What a schmoz- 
zle! No electric lights, just a small 
kerosene light, usually in a remote 
corner and nothing, absolutely no 
thing, was right in that miserable bag. 
The second night, despite improve 
ments, was just as impossible. Now the 
nurse travels with a small pack-sack 
and the little black bag. Flashlights 
and kerosene lamps pose no prob 
lems. In fact after a storm, our power 
system in Wadhams was laid to rest 
and during that time a nasty lacer 
ation had to be sutured by flashlight. 
I should not admit the flashlight was a 
spotlight but I will. 

Last year, when most of my cases 
had been "dry-runs," I admitted two 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



burn patients from separate boat ex 
plosions. The first patient was put to 
bed, the cold water treatment and 
supportive therapy was started with 
dispatch and efficiency. The second 
man was brought in screaming with 
pain. Quickly he was placed on the 
Toronto couch; cold water hand baths 
were propped on orange boxes and 
saturated towels swathed on his face, 
neck, chest and arms. Ophthalmic oint 
ment was instilled in his eyes, and 
analgesics and supportive therapy were 
given. "Oh my God, such relief!" 
he whispered. Any feeling of a job 
well done was quickly dampened. The 
blue smock of the Red Cross nurse 
dripped, her shoes squished, the place 
looked like a disaster area. Either she 
start bailing, or open the door lest the 
building sink. However, the patients 
responded satisfactorily and were 
transferred to hospital. I saw them 
both a few weeks later and their 
almost total recovery was amazing. 
The cold water treatment has proved 
miraculous here. 

That same day -Freddy was admitted 
with diarrhea. Freddy is a most im 
portant baby. The morning of his 
birth, Freddy s Dad took me up the 
raging river to the village in a flimsy, 
temperamental speed boat. I was so 
sure it was my last trip that I was 
completely composed and waiting for 
the end, when suddenly we swerved 
to the shore. Clutching the maternity 
bundles we ran logs like boom men, 
galloped up the bank, puffed up to 
the house to find Freddy had just 
arrived. The eagle, not the stork, de 
livers in this sphere. All I did was 
instill eye drops and mop up. While 
I was waiting for the placenta, soft 
music from a Spanish guitar floated 
in from the living room. Then a sweet 
male voice began to sing. The little 
mother smiled. "Fred is happy, he has 
a son. He is singing our song." 

One of the greatest satisfactions has 
been the monthly visit to the Indian 
village. These delightful people are 
intelligent and humorous. I could fill 
pages about the many adventures ex 
perienced on these trips, about the 
rides up the swirling, white waters of 
the cascading river, to the village in 
a genuine 30-foot war canoe, or in 
the flat-bottomed tin boat with water 
trough seats that are always filled with 
shockingly cold water; or about the 
walks up the new logging road through 
the best grizzly country in B. C. 

This fall a hunter was attacked by 
two timber wolves. He escaped but 
the natives are concerned about wolves 
being hungry at this time. Speaking of 
wolves, the lone cry of a wolf on TV 
is just background music; but when 
heard "live" at the Outpost, those 



round pearly notes make my hair rise 
so fast the dead ends snap off. 

The monthly visit to the village 
coordinates with Indian Health Serv 
ices and some public health. The little 
people of these communities greet the 
nurse with mixed emotions: Will she 
smile and poke, or smile and stroke? 

The year 1967 is the space age to 
you, but in this wild and wonderful 
wilderness, wind, weather, and tides 
are not for countdown. They are 
seriously studied for safe existence. 
Here is the beauty of the forest prim 
eval and all the chilling reality of 
survival of the fittest. Here is isol 
ation that defies time. This same 
isolation poses a nursing problem. 
During the winter the inhabitants are 
out of contact with others and im 
munity is lost. A pale, listless virus 
outside can suddenly become a viru 
lent vampire once introduced in the 
Inlet. It wasn t long till pHisoHex and 
paper towels became my traveling 
companions. 

When this article was started, the 
writer feared lack of material. Now 
comes the realization: I haven t even 
started. I haven t mentioned what a 
Red Cross Outpost means to this 
isolated country, or that the Red Cross 
nurse is expected to perform hair cuts, 
fill in legal documents, shorten trous 
ers, referee disputes, remain neutral 
in fishing versus logging arguments, 
and consume gallons of coffee. Nor 
have I mentioned our "diggings" 
Indians camped on these shores for 
centuries and artifacts abound. And 
these are only a few of the things I 
haven t mentioned. 

I will tell you about the dark night 
loggers on Owikano Lake were re 
turning to camp in their logging boat 
when a dim glow in a bay suddenly 
became a brilliant light that lit the 
shoreline and mountains. A U.F.O. 
swung up, hovered for a second, then 
in a flash disappeared over the moun 
tains. It would give me great glee to 
include in my month-end report to our 
director of nursing services in Van 
couver: "Sutured with fine unidentified 
wire the 7th digit on the 7th left foot 
of M.N.O. "Gniht," a friendly Raga- 
nooter from outer space." On the 
other hand, I don t think I have the 
stamina to wait out the two weeks for 
her reply. D 






MAY 1967 



Medical 
intensive care 



A new breed of nurses is necessary those qualified to work in intensive care 
unit. Just as good case room, operating room, or emergency staff are developed 
after graduation, so are qualified specialists in intensive care. 



Intensive care units are springing 
up all across Canada. Even the 25 to 
99-bed institutions are planning them, 
and soon one in every 20 small hos 
pitals will have units of 4-5 beds for 
intensive care. 

One of the newest and most modern 
intensive care units in Canada is the 
20-bed specially-designed area at St. 
Paul s Hospital in Vancouver. This 
570-bed general hospital adapted a 
wing in one of their oldest buildings 
for medical intensive care. 

Over two years was spent in design 
.nd planning after federal and prov 
incial governments granted funds (one- 
third of total cost borne by each) for 
construction. St. Paul s provided the 
remaining one-third with the major 
part of the hospital contribution com 
ing from the P.A. Woodward Founda 
tion. 

At St. Paul s Hospital, a special six- 
bed Coronary Care Unit occupies one 
end of the intensive care ward, sharing 
certain facilities, supplies, and staff. 
Coronary heart disease is the leading 
cause of death today, and, despite in 
creasing knowledge and intensive re 
search, no satisfactory preventive pro 
gram has yet been devised. With the 
new techniques and equipment for 
diagnosis, observation, and treatment, 
and use of this specially designed and 
equipped area, a significant reduction 
in mortality can be achieved. 

Unit design 

An old patient wing on the second 

MAY 1967 



Sally Staples 

floor of the central building previously 
converted for office use was selected 
for the unit. It was completely modern 
ized. 

Doors from the main corridor open 
automatically and noiselessly by 
electric eye control. The whole area is 
carpeted to provide noise control; this 
also brings beauty to the area, and 
helps promote a tranquil atmosphere 
in the midst of much activity and 
stress. 

Just outside the automatic doors is 
a comfortable, private visitors room 
where relatives and friends can remain 
during critical periods. Visiting regu 
lations inside the unit are tailored to 
the individual patient s needs and 
wishes. 

A conference room for team discus 
sion, clinics, and lectures is also avail 
able outside the unit. 

Immediately inside the doors is the 
resident physician s office and a small 
room for his secretary. This medical 
director attends the unit full-time. He 
supervises the four rotating members 
of the physician s committee to over 
see admissions and discharges and 
length of stay on the unit. The office 
space is shared by a physician work 
ing toward his Fellowship in cardio 
logy, and a full-time resident and in 
tern. All are responsible to the medical 
director. There is at least one medical 

Mrs. Staples is head nurse of the In 
tensive Care Unit at St. Paul s Hospital, 
Vancouver, British Columbia. 



staff member on the unit at all times. 
A small but well-equipped blood gas 
laboratory is located on the unit and 
one full-time technician is assigned 
there. When she is off duty blood gas 
work may be done by the resident. 
Analysis of arterial and venous blood 
gases pH, pO 2 , pCO 2 , and 
O a saturation is a vital service on 
ICU. The new automated laboratory 
facilities of the hospital are also avail 
able. 

The clean utility and supply room is 
also located in this area. Consider 
able planning as to flow of materials 
has made this rather small room high 
ly functional. Auxiliary staff clean 
equipment and are responsible for 
supplies. 

Just off the utility area a small room 
has been adapted as a private office for 
the head nurse. 

Two four-bed wards are located in 
the next area. Here, patients may be 
kept for observation, after coming off 
the heart-monitoring equipment or 
after the acute phase of their illness, 
before returning to general care wards. 
Patients who need special investigation 
also may be admitted to these rooms. 

An eight-sided, open nurses station 
occupies the central portion of what 
used to be the large open ward. Sup 
porting pillars form the corners of the 
station, but otherwise a clear view of 
the surrounding rooms is possible from 
any point in this charting and work 
area. 

The head nurse and ward clerk 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



share the desk facing the unit entrance; 
the area at the other end contains the 
monitoring equipment consoles for the 
coronary care rooms. A medication 
"island" containing sink and all nec 
essary supplies for dispensing med 
ications is located in the center. Two 
"crash carts" completely set up for 
cardiopulmonary resuscitation are lo 
cated inside the station. The charting 
area faces out into the rooms. The en 
tire ceiling is lined with acoustic tile, 
and all communication equipment (te 
lephones, patient call systems, etc.) 
are set at a low level and equipped 
with flashing lights. Individual pocket 
paging devices are used by all per 
sonnel on the recuscitation team. Only 
the emergency signal sounds loudly 
through the entire area. Business is 
carried on remarkably quietly. 

The six acute care facilities include 
two two-bed rooms and two single 
rooms along the side walls of the 
ward. One single room is arranged for 
isolation care, and also has special 
plumbing equipment for emergency 
hemodialysis. The front of each room 
and the sliding doors are glass, which 
allows for direct view of each patient. 
Sliding curtains can be pulled across 
the glass when privacy is desired. 

At the end of the ward, six individ 
ual rooms specially designed for cor 
onary care are arranged in a semi 
circle facing the central monitoring 
console desk. 

Patient unit 

Each patient unit is equipped with 
special built-in facilities and furniture. 
Beds were designed specifically to suit 
the needs of patients in acute care 
areas. All beds have an electrically- 
operated high-low feature. Head 
boards are removable for easy access 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 




MAY 1967 



for intubation of the patient, or for 
tracheostomy care; these may also be 
used as support boards for external 
heart massage in the case of cardiac 
arrest. Side rails are self-storing and 
simple to lock into place. Footboards 
adjust to the patient s height. Each 
bed has six positions for intravenous 
poles. 

Each patient area is equipped with 
two separately fused circuits to avoid 
any interruption in treatment in case 
of power failure in one of the circuits. 
A minimum of eight outlets is provid 
ed for each bed. Two oxygen outlets 
with flow meters and humidfiers are 
provided in each bed area. One of the 
outlets is installed below bed level to 
permit condensation to drain readily 
from humidifiers back into the bottle 
and avoid the danger of draining into 
the patient. Two vacuum outlets permit 
a combination of two types of suction 
at one time nasopharyngeal suction, 
intermittent gastric suction, or thoracic 
suction. 

Intravenous poles are suspended 
from tracks on the ceiling; IV s hang 
directly above the limb, and do not 
interfere with nursing care. 

An executone communication sys 
tem combines regular nurse call with 
receiver and speaker; alarm button for 
the nurse to summon assistance in case 
of emergency; television speaker jack; 
and telephone jack. Wall-mounted 
blood pressure manometers, with a 
swivel-action that permits them to be 
easily read from either side of the 
bed, complete each unit. 

Special equipment 

Electrocardiographic monitoring 
equipment has been developed to sup 
plement and assist in the observation 
of cardiac patients so that changes in 

MAY 1967 



status can be noted sooner and more 
easily than by intermittent patient ob 
servation alone. Electrocardiographic 
monitors operate through skin elec 
trodes to transmit the ECG signal to the 
bedside monitor and/or central panel 
oscilloscopes; they present audible and 
visible signals with each heart beat. 
Each unit is equipped also with an 
external cardiac pacemaker, which 
can be set to function automatically 
if cardiac asystole occurs; it can also 
be used as an auxiliary power unit for 
a transvenous pacemaker catheter in 
the treatment of heart block. As the 
unit is equipped with a central monitor, 
the audible signal is usually turned off 
in the patient s room. 

Other equipment at the patient s 
bedside includes: an oscilloscope, to 
observe electrocardiographic image, 
with lead selector; a heart rate meter 
with an alarm system to indicate 
when a predetermined high or low 
setting has been reached, or when the 
patient develops bradycardia or tachy 
cardia; and a demand pacemaker, 
which may be used as described above. 

The central monitor at the nurses 
station has a unit connected to the 
heart rate meter with audio and visual 
alarm system; a slave oscilloscope, 
which simultanoeously duplicates each 
of the ECG patterns from the individ 
ual scopes in the patients rooms; a 
magnetic tape device which records 
for five minute periods and erases 
continuously until such time as an 
emergency occurs and, at that time, 
readings made during the interval 
preceeding the emergency are auto 
matically transferred to a permanent 
paper record; and an electrocardio 
graph direct readout, which is activated 
simultaneously with the alarm system 
and also can be activated manually, 



whenever a permanent record of the 
ECG is required. 

Mobile equipment not kept in the 
station, but readily available for use, 
will monitor various physiological 
parameters necessary for adequate 
scientific therapy and evaluation of 
patients, such as heart rate, ECG, 
intra-arterial blood pressure, central 
venous blood pressure, cardiac output, 
core and skin temperature, blood pH, 
and so on. 

Many patients adapt quickly and 
well to automated devices; others ex 
hibit great anxiety. Not the least of the 
nurse s skill in the use of equipment 
involves interpretation of the machines. 
The importance of maintaining the 
dignity of the individual and of creat 
ing a warm, understanding nurse- 
patient feeling is also part of the chal 
lenge of ICU nursing. 

Nursing care 

Sudden and often critical changes in 
patient condition place responsibility 
on the nursing department to provide 
the most expert nursing care possible 
on an ICU. Adequate staff, carefully 
selected and specially prepared, is es 
sential. Nurses must be able to work 
efficiently while carrying out a variety 
of activities, frequently under pressure, 
and to take responsibility for initiating 
action in emergency situations. 

There can be no compromise in pro 
viding sufficient personnel to provide 
needed services in the intensive care 
unit. To give adequate care, a ratio of 
one nurse to every two or three 
patients has been found necessary. 
This coverage requires a staff of two 
for each bed in the unit, for example, 
1 head nurse, 1 instructor, 20 register 
ed nurses, 10 practical nurses, 2 nurse 
aids, 4 orderlies, and 1 ward clerk. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



This would give an average of from 4 
to 6 registered nurses, 2 practical 
nurses, and an orderly on each shift. 
Orientation and teaching programs 
must be developed if patients are to 
receive the best possible nursing care. 
The unit should have an instructor who 
will be responsible for developing and 
carrying out these programs with the 
help and cooperation of the head nurse 
and supervisor. 

Orientation will require a planned 
program about three to four weeks in 
length and should include lectures from 
doctors and nurse educators and clini 
cal experience under the direct super 
vision of a senior nurse. 

Ongoing inservice education should 
also be part of the ICU program. A 
written, well-thought-out program 
should include: review of physiology 
and pathophysiology; review of drugs 
and information on new drugs; basic 
electrocardiography; arrhythmias 
recognition and treatment; shock 
recognition and treatment; emotional 
support of the seriously ill patient and 
his family; laboratory tests in dignosis 
and treatment; use of equipment; and 
review of techniques. 

Other areas should be covered as 
the need is apparent. The limiting 
factor of any intensive care unit will 
be the degree of education and training 
of unit personnel. 

Team concept 

The best approach to patient care 
in a coronary care unit is through a 
team effort involving medical and nurs 
ing personnel. Effectiveness of in 
tensive care is closely correlated with 
the strength and structure of the 
team. Medical and nursing personnel 
share observations regarding the clini 
cal course of the patient; for example, 
they interpret arrhythmias together. 

Patient problems are discussed at 
team conferences and solved by both 
physicians and nurse members. Prob 
lems may be directly or indirectly 
related to the disease of the patient. 
For example, the doctor may be con 
cerned that the patient is beginning to 
show some signs of heart failure, so 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



he will review these signs with the 
nurse to make sure she understands 
what to look for and what treatment 
to be prepared for in the event these 
signs develop; or because of his dis 
ease, the patient may not be able to 
accept his disability and the doctor and 
nurse together must find ways to help 
him understand and accept change. 

Relationships between doctor and 
nurse in ICU tend to be more on a 
partnership basis. The traditional sub 
servient role of the nurse must be put 
aside. Sometimes this is in conflict 
with the educational background of 
the nurse and she must be emotionally 
mature to accept the change. Relation 
ships with nursing colleagues must in 
clude a readiness to share, cooperate 
and work together, confidence, and 
trust. 

Special responsibilities 

Many techniques used in intensive 
care are familiar to all nurses. How 
ever, these patients require exception 
al judgment and precision in admini 
stering care. There are added respons 
ibilities in an ICU that are not normal 
ly considered nursing responsibilities. 
Some of these involve continuous as 
sessment of the patient, detection of 
early signs of complications, and 
constant patient observation. The ICU 
nurse must continually evaluate and 
make decisions based on her eval 
uations. 

All nursing personnel on the unit 
should be able to perform closed chest 
massage to sustain an adequate cir 
culation and be proficient in the use 
of airways and breathing bags for vent 
ilating a patient who has suffered a 
cardiac arrest. 

Closed chest massage and oxygen 
therapy are only interim measures to 
sustain circulation until definitive 
action can be taken against arrythmias. 
In an intensive care unit, the nurse 
must be able to recognize a death- 
producing arrhythmia, such as ventric 
ular fibrillation, and by herself, in 
stitute immediate action to reverse this 
condition, namely electrical counter- 
shock. In a coronary care unit every 



thing is in readiness to treat the ar 
rhythmia and, therefore, cardiac mas 
sage is of less importance than in 
other areas of the hospital. 

Once the arrhythmia has been 
terminated with external electrical 
stimulation and circulation has been 
restored, the remaining program for 
resuscitation involves the correction 
of the acid-base disturbances that de 
velop during this brief period, and the 
use of drugs to preserve the normal 
rhythm and prevent further catastro 
phic episodes. The importance of 
combating acidosis has become partic 
ularly evident, and large amounts of 
intravenous bicarbonate solution are 
used for this purpose. It is the nurse s 
responsibility to start an infusion of 
NaHCO a immediately or, if cardiac 
arrest occurs, reverse the acidosis as 
quickly as possible. 

For optimum care of patients in an 
intensive care unit, the nurse must be 
versed in the treatment of arrhythmias, 
shock, and other untoward events and 
must be competent in the use of all 
resuscitative and other special equip 
ment so that time is not wasted trying 
to understand the operation of the 
machine. Operation of equipment must 
become second nature to the nurse so 
that she is able to concentrate on the 
response of the patient to the equip 
ment. 

More than ever before, well-quali 
fied, independent, hard-working nurses 
are needed for the new nursing roles. 
Such is the challenge for nurses 
and for nursing. D 



MAY 1967 



Poison control 

as a nursing function 



Poison control centers were first established in Canada in 1957 through the 
provincial departments of health. The idea is to have available, at a central point, 
information regarding poisonous substances and the treatments indicated. Often 
these centers are attached to a hospital. One such center and its nursing 
function is described. 



When a mother phones an emer 
gency department to ask if oil of winter- 
green is dangerous because her two- 
and-a-half year old son has just swal 
lowed an unknown quantity of it, the 
emergency nurse knows that no 
chances can be taken. The child must 
come in for treatment as quickly as 
possible, for one teaspoonful can be 
fatal. 

It is quite a different situation when 
she receives a call about an accidental 
ingestion of some cleaning product just 
recently on the market. She must leave 
everything to search the files for the 
product, perhaps only to find that it is 
too new to be there. The doctor may 
now request that a long distance call 
be made to the manufacturer for the 
information. In all, it may take up to 
one-half hour to get what she started 
to find. This is very frustrating in a 
busy department. 

All of the hospital staff at our 
hospital were aware that this problem 
was not going to improve. City pop 
ulations are increasing and so are the 
number of household, garden, and 
workshop chemicals. People are also 
very careless in using and storing these 
items. They siphon off gasoline from 
tanks and end up swallowing it; they 
work in poorly ventilated areas with in 
dustrial chemicals and are overcome 
by fumes; they store kerosene, anti 
freeze and gasoline in pop bottles, and 
children, having learned that such bot 
tles give nourishment, drink the con 
tents; they provide candy-flavored pills 

MAY 1967 



Lois Pearson 

for their children and then leave the 
bottles lying about only to discover 
later that the whole supply has been 
consumed. There is no limit to insidi 
ous possibilities. A man recently 
used an aerosol de-icing spray in his 
nostrils by mistake. 

Elderly people, too, are potential 
risks for poisoning accidents. With fail 
ing eyesight, they go to cabinets where 
liniments and cough mixtures are stor 
ed together and take a dose of a lini 
ment by mistake. Because of poor mem 
ories, they consume overdoses of 
pills. 

Our hospital decided that one nurse 
appointed to a Poison Control Depart 
ment would be of valuable assistance 
in the emergency department. Also she 
would be responsible for maintaining 
an Information Center and would 
have the necessary facts available for 
doctors in the area when they needed 
them. 

It was expected that, by having in 
formation up-to-date, the treatment of 
poisons would become more refined 
and some unnecessary gastric lavage 
could be eliminated. Finally, as a part 
of the poison control project, it was 
expected that the Information Centre 
would become involved in an educa 
tional program. 

Collection information 

It is now a year since I started this 
work in our Poison Information 
Centre. My time has been occupied by 
adding the supplementary material 



provided by government agencies to 
our poison files. I also write or tele 
phone manufacturers for information 
on their products. Reprints, clippings, 
pamphlets and letters are filed and 
cross-indexed according to their titles 
and key words. Because of this, the 
material is organized for computer re 
trieval. I procure information on drugs 
from our pharmaceutical services and 
consult experts on plants, fungi and in 
secticides in the Department of Agri 
culture. 

Poison reports are carefully com 
pleted for a national program on poison 
control. These reports are set up on 
punch cards which are used for data 
processing. By contributing to this pro 
gram, we can obtain specific statistics 
on any aspect of the program for our 
own use. Comprehensive reporting 
supports their research into the causes 
and kinds of poisonings. Information 
is then provided for us on the latest 
treatments and toxicity of the poisons. 

Completing these forms is an edu 
cational experience. I have become 
familiar with the toxic ingredients of 
many substances, their actions, and the 
treatments for their effects. Any lack 
of information is noted, the deficiency 
corrected from day to day. Assistance 
to doctors has become more skillful 
because of daily research activities. 

Mrs. Pearson, who has her degree in 
nursing education from the University of 
Ottawa, is nurse in the Poison Information 
Centre at the Ottawa Civic Hospital. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Qualifications 

I believe that a nurse is essential in 
a Poison Information Centre. Ideally, 
the candidate should be a registered 
nurse with at least a certificate course 
in public health, as well as with some 
administrative experience. She should 
have some pediatric nursing experience 
or be a mother, herself. 

She needs a good understanding of 
basic psychology, for the people she is 
concerned with are often in an un 
derstandably highly anxious state. Fin 
ally, she would have at least a certifi 
cate in elementary typewriting -- pa 
perwork staggers us all! 

Incidental research 

Working with the reports stimulated 
me to do some epidemiological surveys 
for our own hospital. We know now 
that poisoning accidents occur in great 
est frequency between 8:30 and 9:30 
A.M., 10:30 and 11:30 A.M., and 4:30 
and 5:30 P.M., and that almost all 
poisoning accidents occur between 
7:30 A.M. and 7:30 P.M. Saturday is 
the busiest day of the week, particular 
ly in the morning. It can be assumed 



that this is the time when parents are 
sleeping in and children are up and 
about, hunting for something to eat 
or something to do. 

Another project involves using a 
map of the city and marking on it the 
location of each accidental poisoning. 
This gives a very good idea of what 
areas we are servicing and which 
districts have the greatest number of 
accidental poisonings. 

Our own hospital statistics for last 
year show that 25 percent of accident 
al poisonings have been caused by the 
salicylates and 22 percent have invol 
ved children. This knowledge is caus 
ing greater interest in salicylate treat 
ment and particularly in developing a 
program of prevention. 

Community effort 

The city health department is shar 
ing this interest with us. Their nurses 
visit homes of all children who have 
been accidentally poisoned. During 
their visits, they observe for residual 
effects and safety check lists and leave 
literature on household poisons. Busy 
parents accept these constructive mea- 




36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



sures to help them with their curious 
and energetic children. The nurse some 
times has occasion to help a frustrated 
mother understand the difficult period 
in child development between the ages 
of one to five years. She also finds 
that she is a source of information in 
other health problems and encourages 
families to attend to them. 

The Information Centre coordinates 
this follow-up program with the emer 
gency department. Notices are given 
to parents that a follow-up visit will 
be made by the public health nurse. 
Referrals are made through the Centre 
and reports are sent back following 
the visits. 

Periodically, representatives from 
the public health .department and the 
hospital meet to discuss the progress 
of poison control. The objective is to 
broaden our understanding of the prob 
lem and to coordinate our approach. 
As the nurse from the Information 
Centre, 1 act as the secretary for these 
meetings. 

Educational function 

Within the hospital, talks are given 
at the request of various groups. Both 
professional and non-professional staff 
want to be informed about household 
poisons, and the correct procedures 
for dealing with them, as well as the 
organization for hospital care. 

In the emergency department, the 
staff is oriented to using sources of 
information. They are responsible for 
this information as well as for the treat 
ments when I am not present. This 
orientation program is on a continuing 
basis. Staff is kept informed of new 
developments for poison control. 

All telephone calls are taken in the 
emergency department. This is nec 
essary for I may be out of my area 
during the day and am only there for 
40 hours of the week. While I am in 
the Centre, calls are relayed to me 
through the intercommunication sys 
tem. My phone has all the lines of the 
emergency department but does not 
ring in my area. A call can be held if 
I wish to phone outside for informa 
tion. 

Public relations is a vital function of 
the Centre. It is necessary to have the 
cooperation of the community in our 
work. People need to know that the 
Information Centre is a public service 
that coordinates its services with those 
of the emergency department, the pub 
lic health department, and their own 
personal physician. 

Requests are also made by the 
public for talks on the organization of 
this program. I stress that instructions 
are given after consultation with a 
doctor. The doctor for the emergency 

MAY 1967 



department is always on hand. If some 
one has to come to the hospital for 
treatment his own doctor is consulted 
if necessary, and always if the person 
has to be admitted. The public health 
nurse, also, refers any medical prob 
lems back to the family doctor if the 
need arises. 

Sometimes, a mother, who has tele 
phoned the Centre, is instructed how 
to observe for toxic symptoms in her 
child. She is told that she can get in 
touch with us at any time and this 
support is usually sufficient to calm 
her fears. 

This work is extremely interesting. 
Doctors and patients are finding the 
Information Centre a useful service 
and it is rewarding to feel that one 
can be an important link between the 
hospital and the community. 

I have developed a greater appre 
ciation of the work done in prevention 
by the public health department. How 
satisfying it is to treat the cause of the 
accident as well as the effect! D 



Functions and Standards for a Nurse in Poison Control 

Organizes and maintains adequate information on poisons. 

Collects new information and incorporates it into the file systems. 

Builds and keeps up-to-date a reference library on toxicology and 
therapeutics. 

Coordinates the plan for care of accidental poisonings treated in the 
emergency department and the follow-up visiting by the public health 
nurse. 

Provides information on poisons for the doctor in the emergency 
department and consults with him on poison calls. 

Refers accidental poisonings in children to the public health nurse 
for follow-up visiting. 

Participates in a program of education. 

Orients staff in emergency department to sources for poison in 
formation, and gives continuing programs on new poisons. 

Gives talks to hospital staff on the functions of the poison control 
program. 

Informs the public about the services available for poison control 
through talks and distribution of literature. 

Participates in research. 

Keeps reports on poisonings for comparative statistics, and learns 
individual needs. 

Studies epidemiological causes of poisonings. 

Assists in research programs for improvement in knowledge 
of poisons. 

Practices good public relations with doctors, consultants specialists, and 
the public. 

Assures that the services of the Poison Information Centre are 
adequate for doctors and the public. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



Drug protection 
for Canadians 



A century ago sugar syrup could be sold as a "cure" for everything from gout to 
galloping consumption. Now, Canadians are protected from misleading claims 
and harmful or adulterated drugs. The Food and Drug Directorate, which 
oversees the protective Acts, is described in this article. 



Twentieth-century humans tend to 
take more medicine than their ances 
tors did. More drugs are available, 
they are more complex and more 
powerful; they are packaged in at 
tractive forms; and they are promoted 
with relentless regularity via radio, 
television, and the printed word. 

Available evidence points to an in 
crease in the misuse of both over-the- 
counter medicines and prescription 
drugs. Many of you, in the course of 
your nursing duties, have seen the 
tragedy that can result from the misuse 
of drugs, whether accidental or inten 
tional. 

As nurses you are in a unique posi 
tion, because of your close relation 
ship with a patient at a time when he 
or she is most health-conscious. You 
have an excellent opportunity to im 
press upon your patients the necessity 
of treating drugs with the utmost 
respect and it is hoped that you will 
take this opportunity to assist in edu 
cating the consumer in the proper use 
of drugs. 

Food and drug protective legislation 

All drugs sold in Canada are govern 
ed by regulations found in one or more 
of the Acts administered by the Food 
and Drug Directorate of the Depart 
ment of National Health and Welfare. 
There are three Acts and accompany 
ing Regulations that fall under this 
jurisdiction. They are the Food and 
Drugs Act and Regulations, the Nar 
cotic Control Act and Regulations, and 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Eleanor M. Ordway 

the Proprietary or Patent Medicine 
Act. This legislation gives the Director 
ate effective control over manufacture 
and distribution, but does not give the 
authority to guarantee or approve of 
any drug. The Food and Drug Direct 
orate is charged with the responsibility 
of enforcing the Acts and Regulations, 
within the framework of the authority 
conferred upon it. 

At present the Food and Drug Di 
rectorate has a staff of about 800, 
with approximately 380 at head 
quarters in Ottawa and the remainder 
located in district and regional offices 
with laboratories and inspection staff 
at Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Win 
nipeg, and Vancouver. 

The inspection staff, as part of its 
duties, has carried out an active pro 
gram of plant inspection and this has 
resulted in remodelling of plants, revis 
ing of quality control systems, and in 
creased number of qualified personnel 
being employed by manufacturers. 

It is estimated that there are at 
least 30,000 different single-and mul 
tiple-ingredient drug preparations on 
the market, and some 700 persons, 
firms or corporations hold a Manufac 
turers Sales Tax Licence under the 
Excise Tax Act as manufacturers or 
producers of drugs. Since the Director 
ate s responsibility encompasses foods, 
cosmetics and medical devices, as well 

Miss Ordway is Chief of the Consumer 
Division, Food and Durg Directorate, De 
partment of National Health and Welfare. 



as drugs, it would be physically im 
possible to check every drug product. 
The burden of responsibility for the 
quality of a drug rests on the shoulders 
of the manufacturer. 

Advisory council of consumers 

The Advisory Council of Consumers 
was established July, 1964 by the 
Government of Canada to advise the 
Minister of National Health and Welf 
are and the officers of the Food and 
Drug Directorate "in matters involving 
consumer interest relating to the ad 
ministration of the Food and Drugs 
Act and the Proprietary or Patent 
Medicine Act." The problem of the 
use and misuse of drugs by consumers 
was an area to which the Council im 
mediately turned its attention. 

It was felt that consumers needed 
to be made aware: of the undesirable 
side effects that may develop in some 
people when taking certain drugs; of 
the need for reading drug labels care 
fully and for following instructions 
regarding dosage; of the necessity to 
see a doctor if pain persists; of the 
danger of accidental poisonings, es 
pecially where children are concerned; 
of the hazards that can occur when an 
individual drives his car or operates 
machinery while taking certain drugs. 
Medication should be taken only when 
needed and preferably after receiving 
the advice of a physician. 

Drugs can and have saved many 
lives but when improperly used they 
can be dangerous. More than ever be- 

MAY 1967 



fore, consumers want and need to know 
how to use drugs safely and wisely. 

Toward this end the Consumer Di 
vision has prepared drug educational 
kits that have been sent to key people 
in over 30 leading organizations across 
the country and to individuals who are 
in a position to make effective use of 
the material provided. Public response 
to the program has been extremely 
favorable and more than 2,000 requests 
for educational material have been 
received since the program started last 
fall. This would seem to indicate a 
great desire on the part of the public 
to become informed about drugs and 
also a need for an educational pro 
gram of this type. 

The Consumer Division has also 
fulfilled speaking engagements to a 
wide variety of groups including high 
school classes (as part of their con 
sumer education curriculum), profes 
sional associations, and consumer 
groups. Through these channels, as 
well as others under consideration, the 
Division hopes to reach a major seg 
ment of the drug-consuming popula 
tion. 

The cartoons illustrating this article 
are reprints of the posters found in the 
drug educational kit. Also included in 
the kit are booklets, "Consumer Me- 
mos," and information sheets on in 
dividual drug topics. Supplementary 
material is prepared and sent out from 
time to time so that the educational 
program is a continuing one. 

Consumer education is just one facet 
of the overall responsibility of the Food 
and Drug Directorate in the field of 
drugs. There are many areas in which 
the Directorate functions to protect the 
interest of the consumer. 

Drug notification 

Drug Notification Regulations came 
into effect in October of 1966 and 
every manufacturer of a drug is now 
required to file annually with the 
Directorate the following information 
about each and every drug he imports 
or manufactures and offers for sale in 
Canada: the name and address of the 
manufacturer; the name under which 
the drug is sold; the use and purpose 
for which the drug is recommended; a 
quantitative list of the medicinal in 
gredients contained in the drug by 
their proper or common names; and 
the recommended dosage of the drug. 
The manufacturer must also notify the 
Directorate if he withdraws the drug 
from the market or changes its formu 
lation, or recommended dosage. 

This legislation should provide the 
Directorate with more accurate inform 
ation on manufacturers and products, 
and, as a result, it should be possible 

MAY 1967 



to exercise better control over the ma 
nufacture and distribution of drugs in 
Canada. 

Drug manufacture 

For all drugs the Regulations require 
that "No manufacturer shall sell a drug 
in dosage form unless the drug has 
been prepared, processed, stored, label 
ed, and tested under the conditions 
prescribed in the Regulations." These 
requirements for manufacture refer to 
the physical layout and maintenance 
techniques of the area where the drug 
is processed and packaged, the pres 
ence of qualified supervisory personnel 
during all stages of manufacture, the 
testing for identity, potency, and purity 
of each batch of raw or bulk ingre 
dients used in the manufacturing 
process, the establishment of specifica 
tions and standards for both raw ma 
terial and finished dosage forms, the 
checking of quantities and identity of 
all material used in formulation, the 
keeping of records covering the manu 
facturing, finishing and testing oper 
ations, and the use of some system of 
identifying each lot or batch of a drug 
so that it can be recalled rapidly from 
the market if necessary. 

A manufacturer must also keep a 
reference sample and records of each 
lot of drug produced for a period of 
five years or until the expiration date 
is passed for that drug. Importers of 
drugs must also provide satisfactory 
evidence that Canadian standards have 
been met. 

Advertising and labeling of drugs 

A manufacturer must comply, as 
well, with the Act and Regulations as 
they apply to advertising and labeling 
of drugs. The general label require 
ments are as follows: the main panel 
of both the inner and outer labels must 
carry the proper name, the standard 
under which the drug was manufac 
tured, and the proprietary or brand 
name; the common name if there is no 
proper name; the name and address of 
the manufacturer or distributor of the 
drug; the lot number of the drug; 
adequate directions for use; a quan 
titative list of the medicinal ingredients 
by their proper or common names; on 
the outer label a correct statement of 
net contents, and, where the drug is 
intended for parenteral use, the name 
and proportion of any preservative 
present therein. 

Certain specific groups of drugs re 
quire additional information on the 
label. Part C of the Regulations lists 
a table of drugs for which limits of 
dosage for adults have been establish 
ed and their labels must include the 
recommended single and daily adult 



dose or the prescribed fraction of the 
adult dose for the various age groups 
if recommended for use by children. 
If the recommended single or daily 
adult dose exceeds these established 
limits, the label must carry the caution 
that the product is to be used only on 
the advice of a physician. 

Drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid 
and its salts or salicylic acid and its 
salts or salicylamide must carry on 
their labels the statement: "Caution: 
Keep out of reach of children," or 
"Caution: Keep this and all medication 
out of the reach of children," and if 
the drug is recommended for children, 
a cautionary statement to the effect 
that the drug is not to be administered 
to children under two years of age 
except on the advice of a physician. 

The drug phenacetin requires a 
warning statement on the label: "Cau 
tion: May be injurious if taken in large 
doses or for a long time. Do not 
exceed the recommended dose with 
out consulting a physician." 

The advertising of over-the-counter 
drugs (that is, those which do not re 
quire a prescription for sale) on radio 
and television also comes under the 
scrutiny of the Directorate. The Ca 
nadian Broadcasting Act requires that 
all advertising continuity be reviewed 
by the Directorate. A manufacturer 
may also request the Directorate to 
review the labels and other proposed 
advertising material for a drug and to 
give an opinion as to whether or not 
they comply with the Act and Regu 
lations. 

Drug schedules 

Incorporated into the Food and 
Drugs Act are eight schedules, A to 
H inclusive. These schedules define 
areas of drug concern and also differ 
entiate between certain classes of 
drugs. For example, Schedule B lists 
those publications accepted as stand 
ards of reference for drugs for which 
no Canadian standards have been est 
ablished. Schedule C comprises in- 
jectables produced from tissue extracts 
including liver extract, anterior pituit 
ary extract, and insulin, as well as 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



radioactive isotopes. Schedule D refers 
to parenterals including sera, vaccines, 
antibiotics and toxoids. Different con 
trols and requirements apply to each 
schedule and are outlined in the Act 
and Regulations. 

The Food and Drugs Act lists in 
Schedule A a number of diseases, dis 
orders and abnormal physical states 
for which no claims of treatment, pre 
vention or cure may be made for a 
drug. A few of those mentioned are 
alcoholism, cancer, diabetes, and heart 
disease. However, the manufacturer of 
a parenteral or Schedule F drug may 
mention one of the Schedule A condi 
tions in the inserts accompanying the 
drug, if it is necessary in order to give 
adequate directions for safe use of 
such a drug. 

Schedule C and D drugs 

The Act prohibits the sale of bio 
logical drugs listed in Schedules C and 
D injectables produced from tissue 
extracts and radioactive isotopes, and 
parenterals unless the manufacturer 
holds a licence to sell such drugs. 
Samples and protocols of tests on each 
lot of a new drug that is included in 
Schedule C or D of the Act must be 
submitted to the Laboratory of Hygiene 
of the Department of National Health 
and Welfare for assay, and that lot 
may not be released for distribution 
until the Food and Drug Directorate 
notifies the manufacturer whether it is 
acceptable or not. Usually the product 
is marketed on a release basis for a 
considerable time after it is first in 
troduced to the trade. 

These drugs carry a Canadian li 
cence number on the label and the 
licences may be renewed each year 
following an inspection of the manu 
facturer s premises to ascertain that 
adequate facilities, technical staff, and 
control systems are available. Thus the 
Directorate maintains relatively strict 
control over the quality of biological 
products. 
Schedule F drugs 

Schedule F of the Food and Drugs 
Act lists those drugs for which a pre 
scription is required and the labels of 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



these drugs must carry the symbol 
"Pr" on the upper left hand corner in 
addition to the aforementioned inform 
ation. Schedule F drugs may not be 
advertised at any time to the general 
public for human use. 
Schedule G drugs 

Schedule G drugs are referred to as 
controlled drugs and also require a 
prescription. Their labels must carry 
the symbol "C" on the upper left hand 
corner and they, too, cannot be ad 
vertised to the general public. In ad 
dition, accurate records of the manu 
facture, distribution, and sale of these 
drugs must be kept and these oper 
ations may be carried out only by 
authorized persons. Recent regulations 
have made practitioners responsible for 
maintaining records of their prescribing 
and administering of controlled drugs 
in quantities in excess of a three days 
supply. All these records must be made 
available to the Department on re 
quest. 

Amphetamine and its salts, barbi 
turic acid and its salts and derivatives, 
benzphetamine and its salts, and 
methamphetamine and its salts are 
classes of drugs tnat fall within Sche 
dule G. 
Schedule H drugs 

Schedule H of the Food and Drugs 
Act lists two drugs, thalidomide and 
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 
which cannot be sold in Canada. 
However, the Regulations provide for 
two exceptions. A manufacturer may 
supply LSD to an institution approved 
by the Department for clinical use or 
laboratory research by qualified in 
vestigators. Thalidomide may be sup 
plied as the bulk chemical in powdered 
form to an institution approved by the 
Department for experimental and in- 
vestigational use on animals only, by 
qualified investigators. 

New drugs 

When a manufacturer wishes to 
market what would be considered a 
"new drug" under the regulations, 
there are several steps he must follow. 
First, he submits the findings of his 
tests and research to the Directorate 



DRUBS AND ALCOHOL 
""MIX 




DRUG PROTECTION 
MEANS TEAMWORK BY: 




DON T WASTE TOUR MONET 




MAY 1967 



in the form of a preclinical submission 
and requests permission to distribute 
the new drug to qualified investigators 
for clinical trial. If the Directorate finds 
the preclinical submission in compli 
ance with the Regulations, a "Notice of 
Acceptance" is issued to the manu 
facturer giving him this permission. If 
the results of the clinical trial support 
the drug s usefulness, the manufacturer 
then requests permission to market the 
new drug. This application to the 
Directorate is termed a "new drug sub 
mission" and is a document that often 
consists of 15 to 20 volumes of mater 
ial. The Directorate reviews the sub 
mission and if it is found to comply 
with the intent and purpose of the 
Regulations, a "Notice of Compliance" 
is issued to the manufacturer and he 
may then make the drug available for 
sale in accordance with the require 
ments of the Act and Regulations. 

After the "Notice of Compliance" 
has been issued, a manufacturer must 
notify the Directorate immediately if 
a new drug shows serious side effects 
or new evidence indicates that it might 
be unsafe in any way and he may be 
required to withdraw the new drug 
from the market. 

It should be reiterated here that the 
Directorate does not at any time place 
a stamp of approval on any drug. The 
Regulations place the major share of 
responsibility on the manufacturer to 
provide accurate and detailed inform 
ation and data for assessment. The 
medical profession must also share 
considerable responsibility in the devel 
opment of new drugs and in their use 
against disease. The integrity of both 
the manufacturer and the medical pro 
fession in this respect must be un 
questionable. 

Adverse reaction reporting program 

The last decade has seen an ava 
lanche of drugs released and an appar 
ent sudden increase in drug adverse 
reactions. This has resulted in the 
establishment of a Drug Adverse 
Reaction Reporting Program by the 
Food and Drug Directorate. 

Twelve university teaching hospitals, 

MAY 1967 



in a contractual agreement with the 
Directorate, submit monthly reports 
of a comprehensive nature under the 
"Evaluation and Research System." A 
shorter Alerting Form is used by 
individual doctors, hospitals, and other 
members of the medical and para 
medical professions, under the "Drug 
Alert System," to report any drug ad 
verse reaction they experience in their 
practices. 

If similar reports of previously un 
known reactions to the same drug are 
received, steps are taken to investigate 
the reaction more thoroughly for a 
possible cause-and-e/fect relationship. 

Narcotic control act 

The second Act administered by the 
Food and Drug Directorate is the Nar 
cotic Control Act which covers the 
classes of drugs listed in its schedule. 
The Act limits the possession of a 
narcotic to those persons so authorized 
by the Regulations. Only these author 
ized persons may deal with a narcotic 
or import a narcotic into Canada. All 
narcotics must carry the symbol "N" 
on the upper left hand quarter of their 
label and they may not be advertised 
or displayed for sale to the general 
public. 

All narcotics and narcotic prepara 
tions require a prescription with the ex 
ception of two classes of over-the- 
counter preparations containing one- 
eighth grain or less of codeine in solid 
form or one-sixth grain of codeine per 
ounce or less in liquid form. The labels 
of these over-the-counter narcotic pre 
parations must carry the following 
caution: "This preparation contains 
codeine and should not be administer 
ed to children except on the advice of 
a physician." 

Those persons who are authorized 
to import, possess, or traffic in nar 
cotics must keep detailed records of all 
such transactions and furnish them on 
request to the Department. The Nar 
cotics Control Division of the Food 
and Drug Directorate works in close 
liaison with the Royal Canadian 
Mounted Police and other law enforce 
ment agencies to insure that the pro 



visions of the Act and Regulations are 
carried out. 

Proprietary or Patent Medecine Act 

The third Act administered by the 
Directorate is the Proprietary or Patent 
Medicine Act which applies to re 
medies that are not defined in any 
publication of standards. A manufac 
turer may submit his formula to the 
Directorate for examination and if it 
is found to comply with the Act, a 
registration number, which identifies 
the product, is issued to the manu 
facturer. The licence to sell these re 
gistered proprietary medicines must be 
renewed annually with the Depart 
ment. 

Once again, there are specific label 
ing requirements for certain ingredients 
outlined in the Act and any advertising 
material to be used on radio or tele 
vision must be reviewed by the Food 
and Drug Directorate to ensure that 
no false or deliberately misleading 
statements are made about a product. 

Conclusion 

This is just a brief outline of the 
responsibility of the Food and Drug 
Directorate in the field of drugs. The 
Acts are intended to be a protection 
for the Canadian consumer against 
fraud, deception, or danger to health. 
The consumer himself must accept 
some responsibility and become better 
informed on the proper use of drugs. 
Drugs can be miracle workers when 
properly used, but when misused, they 
can turn into deadly killers ! D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



The child care 
worker in psychiatry 



Her arrival on the health team has been welcomed by some, questioned 
by others. 



In many psychiatric institutions in 
Ontario, there has appeared a relatively 
new member of the psychiatric team. 
Emotionally disturbed children in such 
institutions now receive their ministra 
tions not from the psychiatric nurse, 
but from the child care worker. 

Looks after "life situation" 

To an observer, the child care 
worker s role seems to be many roles 
wrapped up in one : she is occupational 
therapist, as she helps a child with his 
poster painting; she is physiotherapist 
as she encourages him to participate in 
gym class; she is play therapist as she 
shows him how to shake his tambour 
ine in the "rhythm and dance" session; 
she is nurse as she bandages his cut 
thumb; and she is mother surrogate as 
she comforts him when he is unhappy. 

All these functions contribute to the 
child care worker s main responsibility : 
to look after "the life situation"* of the 
emotionally disturbed child. In the psy 
chiatric setting she helps to establish 
a therapeutic milieu, or an environ 
ment conducive to maturation and 
desired personality changes in the 
child. 

A registered nurse on a unit where 
child care workers are employed would 
be responsible "for providing nursing 
care for physically ill children, and for 
dispensing medication."** 

Available programs 

Several child care programs are of 
fered in Ontario. One. sponsored by 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



the provincial department of education, 
is at The Provincial Institute of Trades 
and Occupations in Toronto. Another, 
which has a joint training committee 
with Thistletown Hospital near Toron 
to, is given by The Children s Psy 
chiatric Research Institute in London. 

At Thistletown Hospital, a children s 
psychiatric institution run by the pro 
vincial department of health, a two- 
year program has been in operation 
since 1959, and is offered to persons 
who have grade 12 education. Ap 
plicants with a university degree, a 
diploma in nursing, or a teaching cer 
tificate, are placed in a special, one- 
year program. At the completion of the 
one or two-year program, a certificate 
in child care work is granted by the 
department of health. 

Both sexes needed 

Most applicants to Thistletown s 
program are women, according to Dr. 
J.D. Atcheson, the hospital s super 
intendent. "We are constantly attempt 
ing to recruit more males," he said, as 
it is extremely important that disturbed 
children receive care from both sexes. 
We prefer persons between the ages of 
20 and 55 years," he added, "and are 
seeking older men and women." 

*J.C. Atcheson, and H.R. Alderton, The 
development and organization of a children s 
psychiatric hospital, CMAJ 91: 158-164, 
July 25, 1964. 

**Ibid. 



Students at Thistletown are taught 
by psychiatrists, nurses, social work 
ers, and child care workers. The curri 
culum includes instruction in child 
development; child health and first aid; 
child psychiatry; family dynamics; 
group dynamics; milieu therapy a 
course that outlines the principles and 
practices required for a therapeutic en 
vironment; and activities with children 
a course that emphasizes the im 
portance of play to children, and 
teaches the techniques of involving 
children in play activities. 

To date, Thistletown has graduated 
218 child care workers. Over 100 
students presently are enrolled in the 
program. 

Employment 

Graduates of the child care course 
usually are employed in psychiatric 
institutions that provide residential care 
for children. A few work in special 
nursery schools and in supervisory 
case work with children s aid societies. 

The beginning yearly salary for 
child care workers in psychiatric in 
stitutions is between $4,800 and 
$5,000. Instructors, supervisors, and 
chief child care workers receive salaries 
ranging from $7,200 to $10,000. 

Employed at Clarke Institute 

Carol Lord, an attractive, 24-year- 
old graduate of the Thistletown pro 
gram, is one of several child care 
workers employed at the Clarke In 
stitute of Psychiatry in Toronto. She 

MAY 1967 




speaks with quiet enthusiasm about her 
work with emotionally disturbed chil 
dren. 

"Caring for these children is very 
satisfying," she says. "Over a period 
of time, we establish close relation 
ships with each of them, and, in many 
instances, are able to see definite per 
sonality changes." 

Carol heard about the child care 
course from a friend who was investig 
ating career opportunities. At that time 
Carol was completing grade 12, having 
been away from school for three years 
at a typing job. I ve always enjoyed 
children," she says, "so this course 
was exactly what I was searching for." 

The two-year course at Thistletown 
was not easy, according to Carol. 
Learning the principles and concepts 
of care, and applying them to hospital 
ized children were challenges that not 
all her classmates were able to meet. 

Following graduation in 1965, Carol 
remained on Thistletown s staff for a 
year. She began her work at the Clarke 
Institute in the summer of 1966. 

Raised eyebrows 

The child care worker s arrival on 
the psychiatric scene has raised pro 
fessional eyebrows in some institutions. 
Not everyone is willing to squeeze over 
to make room for her on the health 
team. 

The reservations emerge from eco 
nomics as well as professional pride. In 
some institutions, the newly graduated 
child care worker receives a salary 

MAY 1967 



equal to, and sometimes higher than 
that paid to a newly registered nurse. 
This is a little hard on the morale of 
the registered nurse. Another element 
is the disquieting possibility that the 
advent of the child care worker may 
mean that the care given by the re 
gistered nurse will be confined to 
adults. One psychiatric nurse expresses 
it this way: "Why should another 
category of worker be introduced to 
care for emotionally disturbed child 
ren? Our preparation enables us to 
care for any mentally ill person, child 
or adult." 

Adding fuel to the fire is the en 
thusiastic reception accorded to the 
child care worker by many psy 
chiatrists. "Frankly, we welcome this 
worker," says one doctor. "The re 
gistered nurse s training has made her 
so concerned about asepsis and clean 
liness that she is unable to provide 
warm, emotional support to the di 
sturbed child." 

Dr. Atcheson, of Thistletown, gives 
a different reason for the introduction 
of this new worker. He believes that 
persons who provide a treatment mi 
lieu for children need very special 
training. "A training in pediatric and 
psychiatric nursing does not necessarily 
provide the content for such a skill," 
he says. To back his argument, he cites 
examples of nurses who took this spe 
cialized course because they believed it 
essential for anyone caring for disturbed 
children. Several of these nurses are now 
employed as child care workers. 



Child care worker Carol Lord and 
"friends" at the Clarke Institute 
of Psychiatry in Toronto. 



Applicants increase 

While the pros and cons of the value 
of a specially-prepared group to care 
for emotionally disturbed children are 
being debated, applicants to the child 
care programs in Ontario continue to 
increase. Moreover, persons respons 
ible for residential care for disturbed 
children in other provinces are express 
ing interest in such programs. 

It is probable that an applicant to 
a child care program has a motivation 
similar to that of an applicant to a 
school of nursing the desire to 
become a member of a "helping" pro 
fession. Why, then, does he or she 
select child care work in preference to 
nursing or some other health career? 

A major reason seems to be the 
desire of the applicant to work ex 
clusively with children. Another reason 
may be the attraction of a program 
that is two years, rather than three, in 
length. Also, the fact that the student 
child care worker receives $3,120 dur 
ing his first year of studies, and $4,050 
during his second, at programs spon 
sored by the provincial department of 
health, undoubtedly influence his or 
her selection. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



A tropical disease - 
in Quebec 




Microscopic examination shows 
yeastlike bodies, some of which are 
isolated, others clumped together. 



S. Lauze, M.D. 

X-ray examination of an eight-year- 
old boy disclosed a rather mysterious 
pathological condition. His chest plates 
showed what appeared to be nodules 
or small growths in the mediastinum. 
Physical effort caused breathlessness. 
Clinical specialists examined the lad 
and believed that the lesions were in 
active and the disease itself quiescent. 

Naturally, under these circum 
stances, tuberculosis was suspect. Thor 
ough investigation followed, including 
chest x-rays of the family. Results were 
negative, thus ruling out one possible 
source of tuberculosis infection. The 
child had been born in hospital and his 
mother had taken complete care of him 
subsequently. The only other person 
who might have infected the baby was 
a grandmother whose visits tended to 
be frequent and lengthy. In spite of 
all efforts at tactful persuasion, it was 
not possible to have her x-rayed. 

The family finally decided to allow 
the child to be admitted to hospital 
for intensive investigation and diag 
nosis. A variety of tests failed to pro 
duce any new information and thoracic 
surgery was considered necessary. At 
operation, multiple growths could be 
seen, some closely adherent to the 
trachea. Others were scattered over 
the lung surface. Removal of the tra- 
cheal growths would have caused more 
harm than good. Tissue for biopsy 
was obtained which, in the opinion 
of the pathologist, showed all of the 
familiar characteristics of tuberculosis. 
However, even with the help of spe 
cial staining techniques, he failed to 
isolate the organism. 

For practical reasons the youngster 
underwent treatment for tuberculosis. 
This involved numerous injections into 
his buttocks for which he has yet to 
forgive both his doctor and his uncle, 
the pathologist. There matters rested 
until the day that the pathologist dis 
covered that these "tubercular" lesions 
rarely contained tubercle bacilli. Then 
he began his search for another 
agent. Eventually his investigation led 

Dr. Lauze is chief of the department of 
pathological anatomy, Hopital Notre-Dame, 
Montreal. Quebec. 



44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



him to suspect a fungus well known to 
research workers in tropical and sub 
tropical zones, but relatively unfamiliar 
in this climate. 

This organism, histoplasma by name, 
is a very tiny yeast, first identified by 
a pathologist, Darling, in 1905. He 
had found it in a man in Panama 
who died from an acute infection. 

Surprisingly, pathologists later dis 
covered that more than half of the 
lesions attributed to the tubercle bacilli 
in our region were, in reality, caused 
by this particular fungus. A solution 
containing silver aids in identifying 
the fungus. 

Re-examination of the little eight- 
year-old confirmed that his lesions con 
tained many histoplasma that rou 
tine examination had failed to disclose. 
This fungus is widely distributed 
in the earth. It flourishes especially 
well in the soil found under old hen- 
yards. Hens are the chief carriers of 
the histoplasma, although they do not 
become infected themselves. Other 
types of birds as well as bats also har 
bor the organism. 

This little boy had grown up in a 
new home in a Montreal suburb built 
on the site of an old farm. As a baby, 
he had dined greedily on the good 
earth! 

Histoplasma can also cause an acute 
and fatal illness akin to "galloping 
consumption" in its characteristics. An 
old Egyptian legend has it that anyone 
desecrating the pyramids was doomed 
to die violently within a year of the 
time that the tomb was entered. Au 
topsies performed on modern archeo- 
logists who have succumbed to acute 
illness following their "digs" in the 
pyramids have confirmed that death 
was due to massive infection by this 
fungi, probably deposited by bats. 

Identification of the organism is im 
portant for the lesion imitates the 
caseous granuloma of tuberculosis. 
Histoplasmosis is non-contagious from 
person-to-person in contrast to tuber 
culosis, thus isolation in a sanatorium 
or similar institution is unnecessary. 

Today the hero of this story is a 
fine young man, standing a good foot 
taller than his father. 

MAY 1967 



books 



Nutrition and Physical Fitness, 8ed., 
by L. Jean Bogert, Ph.D., George M. 
Briggs, Ph.D. and Doris Howes Galloway, 
Ph.D. 614 pages. Saunders, available in 
Canada from McAinsh & Co. of Toronto 
and Vancouver, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Elizabeth Campbell, 
teaching dietitian, Faculty of Medicine, 
Dalhousie University, and Mrs. Jocelyne 
Nielsen, lecturer, School of Nursing, 
Dalhousie University. 

The original author of this basic text 
book, Dr. Jean Bogert, states that the main 
purpose of this 1966 revision is to give the 
study of nutrition greater depth through 
consideration of various discoveries of the 
last decade. Basically, the book has a 
scientific approach but the authors have 
cleverly blended science with a consider 
ation of the practical and human aspects of 
eating. It is designed for college or post- 
high school students who already, have an 
understanding of basic science. 

The nutritional information is up-to-date. 
Most references at the end of each chapter 
are publications of the 1960 s. Unfortun 
ately the dietary recommendations are from 
the American Food and Nutrition Board 
and although the explanations of safety 
factors would permit substitution of Can 
adian figures and rationale, this feature 
alone detracts from the value of this book 
for Canadian use. 

The book is essentially a nutrition text 
and does not attempt to include diet ther 
apy. It is divided into four parts. The first 
half of the book, or 17 chapters, considers 
the body needs. The authors have added 
results of recent research on body utili 
zation and metabolism of various nutrients. 
The energy nutrients, carbohydrates, fats 
and fatty acids, proteins and amino acids 
are considered at length and include recent 
biochemical discoveries. Macro- and micro- 
minerals are studied extensively in their 
influence and relationship to metabolism. 
The section on vitamins is also enlarged 
and the B-complex is given an interesting 
and complete coverage. 

Part Two on "Body Processes" is also 
new. This is a welcome addition to a 
standard nutrition text. It would be of 
greater value to students of nutrition who 
have a limited background in physiology 
and metabolism. Diets for various condi 
tions are studied in Part Three. Special at 
tention is given to teenagers. Weight control 
is treated objectively and fallacies of cer 
tain reducing diets are pointed out very 
skillfully throughout this section. 

MAY 1967 



Economics of food is discussed in the 
last part, entitled "Meal Planning." The 
practical view expressed would be of great 
help to health workers involved in planning 
meals with families of various income 
groups. A chapter on fads or fallacies and 
one on the world food situation are timely 
additions to this last section. 

Most chapters adequately cover recent 
developments. One glaring omission is a 
consideration of carbohydrates and their 
relation to dental caries. Each chapter is 
well illustrated, occasionally in color. 
Tables, appendix, and figures are all well 
presented. Some diagrams, especially those 
explaining the bio-chemical processes, ap 
pear juvenile and not in keeping with the 
academic quality of the text itself. A few 
photographs are out of date, particularly 
those showing teenagers of today. 

Irregardless of these minor faults and 
criticisms, this book should find many 
readers among students of nutrition and 
health sciences who have an elementary 
background in chemistry and biology. All 
nurses concerned with the application of 
scientific principles of good nutrition will 
welcome this well-written text. 



Basic Concepts of Anatomy and Phy 
siology by W. B. Dean, G. E. Farrar, 
Jr., M.D. and A. J. Zoldos. 346 pages. 
Toronto, Lippincott, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Lucille Peszat, lec 
turer, University of Ottawa School of 
Nursing, Ottawa. 

This book uses the program approach to 
provide basic information on anatomy and 
physiology. Presentation is simple and 
concise, with each of the nine chapters 
devoted to a specific area of anatomical 
and physiological interest. The foundation 
of the book is laid in the first two chapters 
"Basic Biological Concepts" and the 
"Human Cell." "Information from these 
chapters is utilized throughout the remain 
ing seven: "Human Tissues," "Skin and 
Skeleton," "Respiratory System," "Circu 
latory System," "Nervous System," "En 
docrine System," "Genito-Urinary System," 
and "Digestive System." 

The student is able to progress through 
these chapters by completing simply-con 
structed frames. By filling in blanks or 
answering multiple-choice questions, he 
actively participates in the learning process. 
Answers are readily available within the 
text and the student can progress at his 



own rate. Although most frames are simply 
constructed, some branching is seen. 

This book provides a firm foundation of 
basic concepts in anatomy and physiology. 
Especially noteworthy are the large number 
of drawings used to illustrate many of the 
frames. However, there does appear to be 
greater concentration on anatomy with 
physiological content kept relatively simple. 

Chapters worthy of mention include 
those on the nervous system, which present 
rather intense matter in a relatively simple 
yet challenging manner. 

Not available in this text is a breakdown 
of content within each chapter, nor is there 
an index listing. Therefore the student is 
unable to make special reference to any 
one item or concept, but must progress 
through the whole chapter to gain specific 
knowledge. No additional bibliography or 
additional readings are listed to supplement 
the material presented. 

This book has potential as a beginning 
text for students who have little or no 
knowledge of anatomy and physiology. It 
could also be used as a reviewing aid by 
students who have taken beginning biology 
or anatomy and physiology or for student 
nurses who may wish to recall previously 
acquired knowledge before proceeding to 
more advanced theory. 

Because of the lack of depth in certain 
areas, this text may have greater implication 
for programs where a basic knowledge of 
anatomy and physiology may be required 
or desired for example, in programs for 
nursing assistants, orderlies, medical sec 
retaries, technicians or individuals taking 
specialized courses in first aid. 

Supplemented by more advanced text 
books in anatomy and physiology, this book 
could be an asset in a school of nursing 
library. 



Rehabilitation Services in Hospitals 
and Related Facilities. 66 pages. 
Chicago, American Hospital Association, 
1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. H. McMinn, director 
of nursing service, Provincial Geriatric & 
Rehabilitation Center, Regina, Sask. 

This guide provides a comprehensive 
understanding of rehabilitation services and 
their function as a component part of 
medical care. It is directed generally to 
persons responsible for patient care pro 
grams and specifically to persons with 
limited knowledge of rehabilitation services. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
vertigo, anesthesia and 









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there are so many reasons to remember 

Gravol 

Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate 
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup 
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol i/m (5 cc.) 50 mg. per cc. Full information available on request. 

FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED . MONTREAL, CANADA 



Next Month 



in 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

Series on Modern 
Psychiatric Care 

Hemophilia 



Attitudes of Nurses 
to Nursing 




Photo credits 

Toronto Star Syndicate, p. 13 
University of Montreal, p. 15 
Henry Koro, Montreal, p. 15 

St. Paul s Hospital 

Photo Lab., Vancouver, p. 32 

National Health and Welfare, pp. 
36, 40 

Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, 
Toronto, p. 44 



books 



(Continued from page 45) 

As a manual, it does not deal with clin 
ical practices; it does place emphasis on 
functions and management. As a guide, the 
material is presented in such a way as to 
be of practical use in planning and initiating 
a rehabilitation program or improving an 
existing program. 

The titles of the various sections give 
insight into the aspects of the subjects 
that are covered. These include: "Rehabili 
tation An Integral Part of Medical Care" 
"Planning a Rehabilitation Program" 
"Managing the Rehabilitation Program" 
and "Housing the Program." 

The chapter on "Evaluating the Pro 
gram" is written as a series of questions. 
It is thus an excellent check-list for any 
established or new rehabilitation program. 

The listed general references, visual 
aids, and sources of professional informa 
tion add considerably to this informative 
but concise booklet. 

Psychology as Applied to Nursing, 

4 ed., by Andrew McGhie, M.A. Ph.D. 
344 pages. Toronto, Macmillan of Can 
ada, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Joan Mills, instructor, 
Dept. Nursing Education, St. Francis 
Xavier University School of Nursing, 
Antigonish, N.S. 

This text, as the author states, is directed 
at the student nurse, to help make the 
introduction of psychology in her education 
as painless as possible. Throughout the 
book the author is very much aware of 
the nursing student and frequently points 
out an analogy between the case in point 
and the hospital setting. 

The material is presented in five main 
sections. Each chapter includes a summary 
and a few questions to help the reader 
formulate opinions on the subject covered. 

The first section deals with the psy 
chological aspects of human development 
from childhood, adolescence, adulthood to 
old age. In dealing with "the infant s rel 
ations with others," the author postulates 
the theory that the infant is "incapable of 
forming any permanent relationship to the 
mother during the first six months of life." 
He states that the normal infant shows a 
need to be stimulated but his need is not 
discriminative in that it does not appear 
to be attached to any particular person. 
And again with breast feeding "it seems 
unlikely that the infant, during the first six 
months of life, experiences any differenti 
ation between the breast and the bottle." 
He hastens to add that the importance of 
mothering during this period must not be 
underestimated. This section might be 



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MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



books 



lacking in depth of scientific explanation, 
but it should provoke some stimulating 
discussion. 

Adolescent behavior, with all its ups and 
downs, is presented in an easily read, 
factual manner. The student who fits into 
this age group will undoubtedly find this 
of special interest. 

The author presents the individual, in 
each stage of development child, adol 
escent, adult - - as a patient in hospital. 
These brief sections should reinforce the 
nurse s understanding of the problems of 
adaptation to hospital life experienced by 
different age groups. 

Part II, "Assessment of Personality," is 
devoted to intelligence and personality tests: 
the types, uses and limitations of these in 
assessing human behavior. 

Section III is concerned with human 
motivation. Instincts, attitudes, opinions, 
unconscious motivation, heredity and en 
vironment and environmental stimulation 
make up the content of this section. Some 
previously held ideas regarding the influ 
ence of instincts upon human behavior are 
questioned and the author substitutes a new 
concept, which, though more limited, is 
more scientific in its formulation. Some of 
the ways in which we react to changes in 
the relationship between ourselves and the 
outside world are considered in this unit. 

The section on interaction with the envir 
onment examines the processes that govern 
human behavior. The student will read with 
interest the chapter on learning and re 
membering and should obtain some practical 
value from it. 

In the last section, the author takes a 
brief look at "group processes" to remind 
us "that we live not in a vacuum, but as 
part of a complicated social pattern." Re 
ference is made to norms operating in 
different cultures and it is pointed out that 
if an individual steps outside the norm of 
his particular society or group he is ostraci 
zed by his own society. 

Throughout this book the author has 
developed two broad themes: 

1. The individual owes it to himself to 
achieve his potential. 

2. We are inclined to exaggerate the 
rational nature of human behavior. 

This is a concise, well-written, and easily 
read book, interspersed with flashes of 
humor that add to its appeal. There are 
times when one disagrees with some of the 
author s broad statements, but as he states 
himself, "successful teaching becomes suc 
cessful only at the point where the student 
begins to question the ideas and conclusions 
of his teacher." However, this book should 
not be substituted for a psychology text 
book for students in schools of nursing. 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Personal and Vocational Relation 
ships of the Practical Nurse 

by Marion Keith Stevens, B.S., R.N. 309 
pages. AW. B. Saunders publication, 
available in Canada from McAinsh & 
Company, Toronto and Vancouver, 1967. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Kathleen Johnstone, 
coordinator, Vancouver Vocational In 
stitute, Practical Nursing Department, 
Vancouver, B.C. 

In the chapter on communication, the 



author writes: "The primary purpose of 
words is to convey ideas. If they fail to 
do this they are valueless. The long word 
is not necessarily the apt word." She dem 
onstrates her own belief in this quotation 
throughout the book. She has avoided the 
"long-word expression" and the "pseudo- 
intellectual vocabulary" and has produced 
an interesting, readable, and most inform 
ative book. She maintains a consistently 
high level of interest through a simple 
direct style and apt anecdotes. 




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MAY 1967 



books 



The book is divided into five parts; the 
first one "Relationships of One Person to 
Another" is the most detailed. 

The first chapter, "The Image of The 
Nurse" has a pertinent and humorous 
questionnaire on "How You Appear to 
Others." Chapters on personality, emotions, 
and mental mechanisms should help the 
nurse to better self-knowledge. In the 
chapter on motivation, the author writes, 
"Paramount to understanding the behaviour 
of other persons is the need to understand 
our own behaviour." 

There is an interesting chapter on rules 
of conduct that includes the American 
Nurses Association code of ethics for pro 
fessional nurses; a code of hospital ethics; 
the Nightingale pledge; pledge of the Army 
Nurse Corps; the flight nurse creed; and 
the Oath of Hippocrates. A few valuable 
pointers are given on etiquette. Of good 
manners, the author says, "They are the 
lubricant which causes the mechanism of a 
relationship to run smoothly." 

Other chapters in the first part deal with 
laws of learning, tests and examinations, 
and also give the names and addresses of 
magazines of interest to the practical nurse. 

Part two deals with the relationships of 
the nurse and the patient. The author Be 
lieves that the old idea "the nurse must not 
become emotionally involved with the pa 
tient" should be amended to read, "The 
nurse must not become emotional." She 
stresses that the nurse must become invol 
ved. This section continues with a description 
of patients and problems that the nurse 
may become involved in - - pain, dis 
ability, terminal illness, the new mother, 
the child, etc., and in each case makes 
helpful suggestions as to how the nurse 
might guide the relationship. 

The third part deals with relationships 
with other people in the hospital. Nursing 
service organization is explained and the 
lines of authority clarified. Then the nurse s 
relationships with doctors and her place in 
the nursing team is discussed. There are 
excellent suggestions to guide the nurse in 
her relationship with visitors. 

Part four, "The Relationship of The 
Nurse With Professional Groups," begins 
with a concise history of nursing and dis 
cusses related organizations including the 
World Health Organization and community 
health. 

In the last section, "Economics and the 
Nurse," suggestions are given on applying, 
evaluating, and resigning from a job. In 
the chapter "Your Money," the value of 
the information on taxes, social security, 
and medicare would seem to be limited, and 
might tend to date the book. The chapter 
(Continued on page 50) 

MAY 1967 



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books 



(Continued from page 49) 

on the nurse and the law is more sig 
nificant as it deals with principles rather 
than particular situations. 

Throughout the book, the author has 
been able to present good ideas in a very 
interesting way. The Manual for Teachers 
is very helpful. It contains thought-provok 
ing situations for discussion and gives good 
references. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(refence material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
52) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Abreviations utilisees en medecine 
et en biologie medicale. Paris, Publie par 
1 Union internationale de la Presse medicale, 
1963? n.p. R 

2. Annotated guide to health instruction 
materials in Canada, compiled by the 
School Health Committee of the Canadian 
Health Education Specialists Society. 2d 
ed. Ottawa, 1967. 105p. 

3. The complete gamut of progressive 
patient care in a community hospital by 
Lewis E. Weeks. Battle Creek, Mich., W. K. 
Kellogg Foundation, 1966. 55p. 

4. Dictionary of Canadian biography. 
General editor: George W. Brown, Tor 
onto, University of Toronto Press, 1966. 
177p. R 

5. Emerging strategies and structures 
for educational changes. Proceedings of the 
Anniversary Invitational Conference June 
12-15, 1966. Toronto, Ontario Institute for 
Studies in Education, 1966. 177p. 

6. The health sciences in Ontario uni 
versities; recent experience and prospects 
for the next decade. Toronto, Committee 
of Presidents of Universities of Ontario, 
Presidents Research Committee, 1966. 26p. 

7. The hospitals yearbook, 1967; an 
annual record of the hospitals of Great 

Britain and Northern Ireland. London, 
Institute of Hospital Administrators, 1966. 

1318p. R 

8. Introducing nutrition by Helen And 
rews Guthrie. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 464p. 



9. Nursing service. Staff utilization and 
control program orientation report, rev. 
Los Angeles, Commission for Adminis 
trative Services in Hospitals, 1966. Iv. 
(Loose leaf) 

10. The nursing clinics of North Amer 
ica, v. 2, no. 1. March 1967. Philadelphia, 
Saunders. 214p. Contents: radiation uses 
and hazards; the nurse and the law; law 
and the nurse - - the Canadian position. 

1 1 . Nutrition and diet modifications for 
the nurse by Carolynn E. Townsend, 
Albany, N.Y. Delmar, c!966. 202p. 

12. Nutrition and diet modifications for 
the nurse, instructor s guide, by Carolynn 
E. Townsend. Albany, N.Y. Delmar, 1966. 
32p. 

13. Principles of management, an anal 
ysis of managerial functions by Harold 
Koontz and Cyril O Donnell, 2d. ed. New 
York, McGraw-Hill, 1959. 718p. 

14. Problem solving discussions and 
conferences: leadership methods and skills 
by Norman R. F. Maier. New York, 
McGraw-Hill, 1963. 261p. 

15. Procedures of accrediting education 
in the professions: a series of reports, 
Washington, National Commission on Ac 
crediting, 1964-1966. 25pts in 1. 

16. Prophylaxis des maladies transmis- 
sibles, a 1 homme. Rapport officiel du Co- 
mite des maladies transmissibles, Asso- 
ciatino americaine de sante publique. New 
York, 1965; Adaptation franchise. Ottawa, 
Ministere de la Sante national et du Bien- 
etre social, 1966. 359p. 

17. The psychology of the sick bed by 
J. H. van den Berg. Pittsburgh, Duquesne 
University Press, c!966. 136p. 

18. A quality control plan for nursing 
service. Los Angeles, Commission for Ad 
ministrative Services in Hospitals, 1965. 
33p. 

19. Random House dictionary of the 
English language, edited by Jess Stein. 
New York, Random House, 1966. 2059p. R 

20. Repertoire de I Institut Canadien 
d Education des Adultes. Montreal, 1967. 
iv. (looseleaf) R 

21. The role of colleges and universities 
in assisting developing countries in the 
field of nursing education. Report of a 
conference held by Dept. of Baccalaureate 
and Higher Degree Programs of the Na 
tional League for Nursing in Detroit, Mich., 
Sept. 8-9, 1966. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1966. 42p. 

22. Schizophrenics in the community; 
an experimental study in the prevention of 
hospitalization by Benjamin Passmanick, 
Frank R. Scarpitti and Simon Dinitz. New 
York, Appleton Century Crofts, c!967. 
448p. 

23. Schools of professional nursing in 
New York State Department of Mental 
Hygiene 1942-62, by Lillian V. Salaman. 
New York, Graduate School of Arts and 
Science, New York University, 1964, 
c!965. 196p. 

MAY 1967 



accession list 



24. Standards for accreditation of Can 
adian mental hospitals. Toronto, Canadian 
Council on Hospital Accreditation, 1964. 
2v in 1. 

25. A study to determine the readiness 
of nurses to use independent judgement, in 
determining what to tell and teach patients 
about medicines by Marie J. Zimmer. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
114p. (League exchange no. 80) 

26. Time off with pay. New York, Na 
tional Industrial Conference Board, c!965. 
84p. 

27. To-day s health guide. A manual of 
health information and guidance for the 
American family. Edited by W. W. Bauer. 
Chicago, American Medical Association, 
c!965. 624p. 

28. World Health Organization. Expert 
Committee on the Midwife in Maternity 
Care. Oct. 19-25, 1965. Report. Geneva, 
World Health Organization, 1966. 20p. 
(WHO Technical report no. 331) 

29. World Health Organization. Expert 
Committee on Nursing, Geneva, 26 April- 
2 May, 1966. Fifth report. Geneva, 
1966. 32p. (WHO Technical report no 347) 



30. The world year book of education, 
1965. The education explosion edited by 
George Z.F. Bereday and Joseph A. 
Lauwerys, London, Evans, 1965. 498p. 

PAMPHLETS 

31. Associated degree education for 
nursing. New York, National League for 
Nursing, Dept. of Associate Degree Prog 
rams, 1967. 5p. 

32. The changing cultural patterns of 
work and leisure by Margaret Mead. Wash 
ington, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Manpower 
Administration, 1966. 38p. 

33. The development of a new drug in 
a pharmaceutical firm. Address by G. E. 
Paget presented at a meeting of the British 
Association for the Advancement of Sci 
ence. Reprint. London, The Advancement 
of Science, February 1967. lOp. 

34. Education for nursing the diploma 
way. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1966. 42p. 

35. Emergency health services informa 
tional and educational programs: develop 
ment and present status by F. C. Pace. 
Ottawa, 1967. Reprinted from The Can 
adian Medical Association Journal 96:221- 
225, Jan. 28, 1967. 5p. 

36. Fluoridation in Canada, 1966. Tor 
onto, Canadian Dental Association, Bureau 
of Economic Research, 1966. 9p. 

37. Guidelines for assessing the nursing 



education needs of a community. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 

HP- 

38. Guidelines to collective bargaining 
for nurses in Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta 
Association of Registered Nurses, Employ 
ment Relations Committee, 1966. 5p. 

39. Guiding principles for the provision 
of occupational health services. Toronto, 
Canadian Medical Association, 1964. 8p. 

40. Home Care by David Littauer, I. 
Jerome Fiance and Albert F. Wessen. 
Chicago, American Hospital Association, 
c!961. HOp. (Hospital monograph series 
no. 9) 

41. L infirmiere auxiliaire; aper?u de 
legislation comparee. Geneve, Organization 
Mondiale de la Sante. 1966. 39p. 

42. Investment in poor people by Theo 
dore Schultz. Washington, U.S. Dept. of 
Labor, 1966. 26p. 

43. It takes more than words; a teacher 
listens in at the 1965 Canadian Youth 
Conference on Smoking and Health by 
W. J. Mellor, Ottawa, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, 1966. 7p. 

44. Practical nursing education to-day; 
report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical 
nursing programs. New York, NLN, 1966. 
33p. 

45. A teenager looks at smoking. Im 
pression of the Canadian Conference on 
Smoking and Health, May 12-14, 1965, by 




CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 




HEARTBURN? 



Turns take 
heartburn away 
-fast! 



Heartburn s one of the worst kinds of 
indigestion. And Turns are the best way 
of relieving it. Wherever you are take 
Turns; they need no water, taste pleas 
antly minty, act fast to bring long-last 
ing relief from heartburn, gas and indi 
gestion, and cost so little. Turns fight 
acid indigestion so well because they 
consume 93 times their own weight In 
excess stomach acid So take heart, 
heartburn sufferers take Turns for 
quick relief. 



Try Turns 

for 

the tummy! 




MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



accession list 



Hilary Lips. Ottawa, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, 1966. 8p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

46. Bureau of Statistics. Census of 
Canada 1961, vol. 7, pt. 2. General review. 
Canadian families. Ottawa, Queen s Printer. 
1967. (Cat. no. 99-526) 62p. 

47. Bureau of Statistics. Hospital mor 
bidity 1962. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
123p. (Cat. no. 82-525) 

48. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health 
statistics 1964. Institutional admissions and 
separations. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
181p. 

49. Bureau federale de la Statistique. 
La morbidite liospitaliere 1962. Ottawa, 
Imprimeur de la reine, 1967. 123p. (Cat. 
no. 82-525) 

50. Dept. of Indian Affairs and North 
ern Development. People of light and dark, 
edited by Maja van Steensel. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1966. 156p. 

51. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Changes in legislation in general 
assistance, mothers allowances and living 
accomodations for the elderly in Canada, 
1964 and 1965. Ottawa, 1966. 26p. 

52. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Dental effects of water on fluorid- 



ation. Report 1954-1963. Ottawa, 1954- 
1964. 7v. 

53. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Research and Statistics Directorate. 
Provincial health services by province. 
Ottawa, 1966. 234p. 

54. Ministere du Travail. Direction de 
1 Economique et des Recherches. Organi 
sations de travailleurs au Canada 1966. 55 
ieme ed. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la reine, 

1966, HOp. 

55. National Research Council of Can 
ada, NRC review, 1966-0000. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1966. 310p. 

56. Royal Commission on Health Serv 
ices. Psychiatric care in Canada, extent 
and results by Alex Richman. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1967. 459p. 

Great Britain 

57. Central Office of Information, Re 
ference Division. Health services in Britain 
rev. London, 1964. 68p. 

Ontario 

58. Select Committee on Aging, 1964- 

1967. Final recommendations tabled dur 
ing the fifth session of the twenty seventh 
legislature. Toronto, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
42p. 

United States 

59. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Office of the Assistant Secretary 
for Program Coordination. Job develop 



ment and training for workers in health 
services. Reprint. Health Education and 
Welfare Indicators. Aug. 1966. Washing 
ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 12p. 

60. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Public Health Service. Cerebro- 
vascular disease epidemiology. A work 
shop. Washington, 1966. 69p. 

61. Dept. of Health, Education and 
Welfare, Public Health Service. Compre 
hensive care services in your community. 
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1967. 
54p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 

62. History of Saint Joseph s School of 
Nursing Victoria, British Columbia, Can 
ada 1900-1960, by Sister Mary Beatrice 
Wambeke. St. Louis, Mo., 1960. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.Ed.) St. Louis University, 
192p. R 

63. La myasthenic grave et les soins du 
nursing par Gilberte Beaulieu. Travail de 
recherche presente a 1 Institut Marguerite 
d Youville, 1963. 158p. R 

64. The second twenty years in the 
historical development of nursing education 
at Laval University by Sister Berthe Le- 
sage. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Catholic Uni 
versity of America, 1965. 87p. R 

65. A study of the unit manager con 
cept in action by Sister M. Celestine O Sul- 
livan. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) University of 
Western Ontario, 1963. 126p. R 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the issue of The 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 

Item Author Short title (for identification) 

No. 



Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 

Borrower Registration No. 

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Date of request 



52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Associate Director of Nursing Service responsible 
for nursing service in 200-bed general hospital. 
University prep ra rat ion and experience essential. 
Apply Director of Nursing, Lethbridge Municipal 

Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta. 1-57-1 

NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovate^ 
nurses residence with oil single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 



General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 64-bed, active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles South of Calgary. Salary range 
$360 - $420. Living accommodation available in 
separate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $35 per month. 30 days paid vacation after 
12 months employment. Please apply to: The Director 
of Nursing, High River Municipal Hospital, High 
River, Alberta. 1-46-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $360.00 to 
$420.00 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthoipe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 



, 
1-61-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94- bed General Hospital 
located in Alberta s unique Dinosaur Badlands. $360 
- $420 per month, 40 hour week, 31 days vacation, 
pension, Blue Cross, M.S.I, and generous sick time. 
Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director of Nursing, Drum- 
heller General Hospital, Drumheller, Alberta. 1-31-2 A 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses {or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

Operating Room Hoad Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W, B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine. Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph s Hos 
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-5B 

PSYCHIATRIC CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR required by 
ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL, KAMLOOPS, British Col 
umbia. For further information write to: Director of 
Nursing Education, Royal Inland Hospital, Kam- 
loops, B.C. 2-81-2 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1 968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $372 to 
$444 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 

Genera) Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Saiary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well-equipped 48-bed 
General Hospital in the Okanagan Valley. RNABC 
policies in effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, St. 
Martin s Hospital, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to; 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary nan B.C. 
registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 

General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 

Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 

Genera Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex- 
periencs and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day s annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 



for 



MAY 1967 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses f 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 

GRADUATE NURSES: Join us at the booming center 
of B.C. 11 Surrounded by 50 beautiful lakes with 
excellent boating, swimming, fishing plus all winter 
sports. On hour s drive from Prince George, the 
fastest growing city in Canada. Active 44-bed hos 
pital and modern nurses residence over looking the 
picturesque Nechako River. Starting salary $372 - $408, 
recognition given for experience. Health and pension 
plan, 40-hr, week and 4 weeks vacation. Write to: 
Mrs. M. Grant, Director of Nursing, St. John Hospital, 
Vanderhoof, British Columbia. 2-74-1 

STOPI Summer is just around the corner and with 
it Vacations & Staff Changes. Applications will be 
received for positions on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general hospital situated in the Fraser Valley 
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van 
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodation available 
in Staff Residence. RNABC. Personnel Policies in 
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Lang ley Me 
morial Hospital, Murray ville, B.C. 2-44-1 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary; 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



MANITOBA 



ONTARIO 



Director of Nurses for up-to-date 38-bed hospital. 
New nurses residence of 1964 has separate nurses 
suite available. Sick leave, pension plan and other 
fringe benefits available. Personnel policies will be 
sent on request. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected, and should be 
Hospital District No. 24, Box 660, Altona, Manitoba, 
addressed to: Mrs. O. Hamm, Administrator, Altona 

3-1-1 



Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 

3-75-1 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 

70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
as possible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hospital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
available. Starting salary January I, 1967 $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1A 



Registered Nurse for 17-bed hospital at Melita, Man 
itoba. Salary range $395-$480. Generous personnel 
policies. Full details available on request. Apply: 
Administrator, Wilson Memorial Hospital, Melita, 
Manitoba. 3-37-1 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba s 
only Paper Town, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep 
tional recreational facilities close to beach areas. 
Salary range Registered Nurses $395-$480, Licens 
ed Practical Nurses $270-$310, with consideration for 
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person 
nel pol icies. Apply: Mrs. M. Gold, Director of Nurs 
ing, Pine Falls General Hospital, Pine Falls, Man 
itoba, or phone collect 367-8379. 3-44-1 



Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse for 

10-bed hospital. Starting salary R.N. $400; L.P.N. 
$276 or up according to experience. 40-hour week, 
3 weeks vacation, 9 statutory holidays. For further 
information apply: Miss D. Moore, Matron, Wawa- 
nesa Hospital, Wawanesa, Manitoba. 3-69-1 

Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

232-bed Children s Hospital, with school of nursing; 
active teaching center. Positions available on all 
services. Apply: Director of Nursing, Children s Hos 
pital, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba. 3-72-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Director for School of Nursing: 50 students. Excellent 
working conditions. Apply to: M. Jean Hemsworth, 
Administrator, Glace Bay General Hospital, Glace 
Bay, Nova Scotia. 6-15-1 



Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duly. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community - - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 1 38- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, KentvMIe, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 

54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Director of Nursing: Applications are invited for 
the position of Director of Nursing effective April 1, 
1967, for a well-equipped 42-bed General Hospital 
located mid- way between Winnipeg and the Lake- 
head in Northwestern Ontario. For full particulars 
write to: Administrator, Sioux Lookout General Hospi 
tal, P.O. Box 909, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 7-U9-1C 



ONTARIO 




Registered Nurses for 34- bed hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of livig-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 A 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duly positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern we 1 1 -equipped 
33 -bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Basic salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sou- 
gee n Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 

7-122-1 



REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 

Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Laay Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 - $455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre- 
rr.ents for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Duffer in Area Hos 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 83-hed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave are paid 
at 100 %. Rooming accommodations available in 
Town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 

REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS for General Duty in a new 35-bed 
General Hospital in Western Ontario. Excellent per 
sonnel policies, modern nurses residence. Salary 
commensurate with experience and qualifications. 
Apply to: Administrator, Louise Marshall Hospital, 
Mount Forest, Ontario. 7-82-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N. A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary 
rates and personnel policies apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, Ont. 

7-118-1 

Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel pol icies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 

a modern fully accredited 300-bed hospital. Excellent 
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour 
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel 
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 

7-115-1 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed has 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) For a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

MAY 1967 



DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 
offers 

NEW DIPLOAAA PROGRAM 
in 

OUTPOST NURSING 

A program extending over two calendar 
years has been developed to prepare 
graduate nurses for service in remote 
areas of Northern Canada. Major areas 
within the course of study will include : 

Public health nursing 

Complete midwifery 

Basic clinical medicine 
Instruction will be highly individualized. 
1st year To be spent at the University. 
2nd year To consist of an internship 
directed by the University in 
selected northern agencies. 
Candidates should have completed at 
least one year of professional nursing. 
Upon completion of the program students 
will receive a Diploma in Public Health 
Nursing and a Diploma in Outpost 
Nursing. 

For further information write to: 

Director, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES 

FOR 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern, 220-bed, fully accre 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
Lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex 
cellent personnel policies. 

Apply in confidence to: 
Director of Nursing, 

BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brandon, Manitoba. 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now! Staff nurse en 
trance salary above $500 per month; increases to 
$663 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $50 per 
month paid. Excellent benefits include free health 
and life insurance retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



REGISTERED NURSES for sunny California. Excit 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa 
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Staff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos 
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 327-1792. 15-5-5A 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideat climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

REQUIRED FOR 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



SARNIA GENERAL 



H O 



T A 




Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking in 
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas. 

Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment 95. 

Plans are in progress for a Regional School. 

Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or 
degree. 

Minimum qualifications -- Diploma in nursing education. 

Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can. 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



General Duty Nurses for 66- bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, HuntsvMIe, On 
tario 7-59-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi- from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized program. 
Minimum salary $5,150 with allowance for previous 
experience ana annual increments. Cumulative sick 
leave plan. Hospitalization, P.S.I, and Pension Plan 
available. Liberal transportation allowance and holi 
days. Apply to: A.E. Thorns, M.D., Director, Leeds 
and Grenville Health Unit, 70 Charles Street, Brock- 
ville, Ontario. 7-18-4 

Public Health Nurses General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 

Public Health Nurse qualified. Salary schedule 
$5,280 to $6,780. Shared pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion and P.S.I. Car provided or car allowance. 
Apply to:: Dr. Charlotte M. Horner, Director, North 
umberland-Durham Health Unit, Box 337, Cobourg, 
Ontario. 7-28-4 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) require! for 
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present staff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100 - 
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month 
vacation after one year; car allowance; cost of 
medical and hospitalization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply to: Director and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich, 
Ontario. _^___ 7-51-2 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Staff 

positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Generalized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Qshawo, Ontario. 7-92-2 A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR Applica 
tions sought for supervisory positions Sudbury and 
District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in advanced 
Public Health Nursing and Supervision or Baccalau 
reate degree with administration. For details apply: 
The Director, Sudbury and District Health Unit, 50 
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5B 

Public Health Nurses (qualified) for generalized pro 
gram. Starting salary $5,350 per annum, allowance 
for experience, car mileage paid. Three weeks vac 
ation after one year of work. Other fringe benefits. 
Apply to: Miss M. Dickie, Supervisor of Nursing, 
Peel County Health Unit, 16 Lynch Street, Brampton, 
Ontario. 7-16-3 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for general program, begin- 
ing July, 1967. Salary range $5,000 1o $6,000. Per 
sonnel policies include car expense, Omers and Can 
ada pension plans, group life insurance, 50% of 
P.S.I, and hospital insurance, cumulative sick leave 
plan and liberal vacation. Apply to: Dr. C.R. Lenk, 
Director, Medical Officer of Health, Hastings and 
Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, 266 Pinnacle 
Street, Belleville, Ontario. 7-11-3 

Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Wei land County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Welland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 

56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Director of Nursing Services, Simcoe County Health 
Unit. Applicants for this position will hold a degree 
in nursing and will have at least five years expe 
rience in administration. For further information apply 
in writing to: Dr. P. A. Scott, Director, Simcoe County 
Health Unit, Court House, Barrie, Ontario. 7-8-3 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario, 

7-127-4 A 



UNITED STATES 




Vacancies for Staff Public Health Nurses. Salary 
range $5,207 to $6,598. Usual benefits, for details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5A 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 56-bed accredited General 
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown, 
Quebec. 9-52-1 

Registered Nurse: Mount Sinai Hospital has an op 
ening for a Registered Nurse to work in their pu 
blic health office in Montreal. Experience in Public 
Health is not an absolute necessity. Apply to the: 
Medical Director, Mount Sinai Hospital, P.O. Box 
1000, Ste. Agathe des Monts, Quebec. 9-57-1 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING for 48-bed hospital com 
pleted in 1963. Will be responsible for the admin 
istration of all nursing activities as well as pharmacy 
and central supplies control. District located near a 
noted summer resort. Excellent salary and fringe 
benefits depending on qualifications and experience. 
Duties to commence on or before July 31, 1967. 
Apply in writing or phone 667-261 1 to: N.R. Wer- 
szak, Administrator, Maple Creek Union Hospital, Box 
1330, Maple Creek, Saskatchewan. 10-78-1 

Clinical Instructors needed. Excellent personnel po 
licies, active clinical facilities. 275 students. Two 
year educational program. For further information 
write to: Associate Director of Nursing Education, 
School of Nursing, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 10-109-6 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 
92-bed active treatment hospital. SRNA policies in 
effect, modern residence accommodation available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, Lloydminster 
Hospital, 461 1 48 Avenue, Lloydminster, Saskat 
chewan. 10-72-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

10-116-4A 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: 350-bed hospital, known 
throughout Southern California area for highest 
quality nursing care, is seeking PROFESSIONAL 
NURSES. Positions open on all shifts and in many 
clinical specialties I.C.U., open heart, etc. We 
offer top wages and fringe benefits, an exceptional 
in-service program, and are in the best possible 
Southern California location. If you desire the 
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career 
under ideal conditions, both on and off the fob, 
contact the Director of Nursing Service, St. Mary s 
Long Beach Hospital, 509 Enst 1 Oth Street, Long 
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Koom and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 

REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 

Registered Nurses - California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain -- ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 

Professionnal Nurses for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply. Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Santa Monica, California. 15-5-40 

REGISTERED NURSES - General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 2 hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 



Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 

PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claims or promises 
We do offer top starting salaries and very attrac 
tive benefits to staff nurses desiring unlimited poten 
tial and professional growth. Untra- modern equip 
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 150-bed, 
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No 
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel 
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1601 
Ygnacio Valley Road, Walnut Creek, California. 

15-5-67B 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $475 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230- bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest s largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 

MAY 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for advan 
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $500- 
$610. Contact; Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director 
of Nursing, Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, 
Illinois 60035. 15-14-3B 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-1 1 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Write: Miss Byrne, 
Director of Nurses, Chelsea Memmorial Hospital, 
Chelsea, Massachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



NURSES, Registered, for modern 360-bed hospital. 
Openings available in all areas, medicine-surgery, 
delivery room, nursery, and postpartum. Near Wayne 
State University, and an integral part of the new 
Medical Center. Salary $550 to $635 per month 
plus differential for afternoon and night. Premium 
pay for weekends. Good fringe benefits including 
Blue Cross and Life Insurance. Apply: Personnel 
Director, Hutzel Hospital formerly Woman s Hospital), 
432 East Hancock, Detroit, Michigan 48201. 15-23-1 F 

REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texas, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an 
excellent University of 20,000 students and a large 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical 
and surgical for 3-11 and 11-7 shifts. Starting salary 
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and 
11-7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an 
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per 
sonnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 3615 19th 
Street, Lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44-8 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL. CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



diploma or degree nurse 




Go South to Syracuse and See! 



You II find friends at State University 
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse, a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S. 
city 

You ll also find a helpful administration, 
professional level salaries (up to $6.476 
fo start, depending on your qualifying 
education and experience). 



Fine benefits, too. Eleven paid holidays, 
13 to 20 paid vacation days, sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs. 

Above all, you ll find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you ll 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be, and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 



STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Of THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N.Y. 




CN-567 



M.ss Ade/e Wright, R.N. 
Director of Nursing Services 
State University Hospital of the 
upstate Medical center at 
Syracuse, New York, U.S.A. 13210 



I am interested: 

n Send me full information, please 
n I d like to talk with you when I m in Syracuse 

(date) (time) 

Q Please send me application forms 

Name 

Address 

City 



Province 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 




CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

invites applications from 

TEACHERS OF NURSING 

Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 

The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res 
idential building. The first class of Students will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 

You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour s 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli 
cies will be forwarded on request. 

For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 

Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 

Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



INSTRUCTORS 



IN 

OBSTETRICAL NURSING 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL 

NURSING 

Duties to include classroom teaching and 
clinical instruction. Assisting in the deve 
lopment of a new curriculum and Re 
gional School. 

B.Sc.N. or diploma in Nursing. Education 
required. Excellent salary range and 
fringe benefits. 



Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



REGISTERED 

GENERAL DUTY 

NURSES 

required 

For 35-bed modern hospital in 
northern Quebec. Residence ac 
commodation available. Bilin 
gual with few years experience 
preferred. Nurses on staff must 
be willing to take responsibility 
in all departments of nursing. 
Excellent salary and fringe bene 
fits. Outstanding recreational 
facilities. 

For further information, 
apply to: 

Medical Director 

SCHEFFERVILLE HOSPITAL 

Schefferville, Quebec 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 




ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Active treatment hospital complex of 800 beds, with an additional 
21 3 bed Children s Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
a Women s Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patient Services, and 29 
bed Intensive Care Unit. Intensive Care Employees are given a 20- 
hour inservice program. Professional staff and certified nursing aides 
are paid a salary commensurate with previous experience and ad 
ditional responsibilities imposed in the department. 

POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 

Evening Supervisor Children s Pavilion 

Head Nurses Surgery 

General Staff Nurses for all services. 

This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditions with 
current personnel policies. General staff nurse Salary $380-$450 
with recognition for experience and post basic education. 



NURSES! An opportunity to 

GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 

You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 

ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 

STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

The Festival City 

of 
Stratford, Ontario. 




TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 

UNIVERSITY TEACHING 

AND RESEARCH CENTRE 

(1,300 Beds) 

PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned Programmes in 

Orientation 

Staff Education 

Staff Development 

PERSONNEL POLICIES 

Salaries: 

Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 

3 weeks vacation 

8 statutory holidays 

Cumulative Sick Leave 

Pension Plan 

Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 

Uniforms Laundered Free 

OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 

in 
Clinical Services: 

- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 

Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res 
piratory 

Administrative and Teaching Positions: 

Consideration given to applicants with Uni 
versity preparation and/or experience. 

Applicants requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 

For additional information write: 

Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 



Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL. 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
WrHe to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 

Opportunity for Instructors in all areas of 
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideas are welcomed. 

Program consists of two years of planned 
study and practice, completely controlled 
by School, plus one year of internship. 
New School and residence with swimming 
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. Salary 
under review. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. John s, Newfoundland 



HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
announces 

Faculty positions are available 

1. EDUCATIONAL CO-ORDINATOR 

2. PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 

3. NURSING 

Address enquiries to: 

Director, School of Nursing, 

HAMILTON CIVIC HOSPITALS, 

Barton Street East, 

Hamilton, Ontario 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 




This is a little Eskimo boy 

Sometime during the next year, 
he might fall and hurt himself - 
or get measles or pneumonia. 

He will need the care of a nurse. 



A good nurse. 



Maybe you? 



Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 

for further information write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern l,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 




specialization 




education 





recreation 



Specialize at either the 424 bed Grace Central 
Hospital in the new $250 million Detroit Medical 
Center or at the 448 bed Grace Northwest Hospital. 
(Grace is second largest in terms of admissions in 
Michigan.) 

Further your education at nearby Wayne State 
University or one of the many smaller colleges 
nearby. 

Enjoy your leisure time in the heart of the 
cultural and entertainment center of dynamic 
Detroit or enjoy the all-year around sports and 
recreation of Michigan. 

Staff nurses at Grace earn from S550 to S650 per 
month plus shift differential of S3. 50 per day for 
evening and night duty in addition to very generous 
fringe benefits. Other positions pay even more. 
For full information contact Director of Nursing: 

GRACE CENTRAL HOSPITAL 

4160 John R. Street, 
Detroit, Michigan 48201 

or 
GRACE NORTHWEST HOSPITAL 

18700 Meyers Road, 
Detroit, Michigan 48235 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 

requires 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu 
cation recognized. A new Re 
gional School of Nursing com 
mences this fall and a 2 -(- 1 
Educational Programme is pre 
sently in progress. 

Apply to: 

Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 

Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Administrator 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1. Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



MAY 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Scarborough, Ontario 



LISTOWEL DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOL 

NURSING ASSISTANTS TRAINING SCHOOL 



Requires for September 1, 1967 a Nursing Instructor to teach 
Nursing Subjects to Grades XI and XII of the Two-Year Co-Operative 
Course for Nursing Assistants. Applicants must be a Registered 
Nurse and hold either the degree of Bachelor of Science in 
Nursing or another University degree. 

The Nursing Assistants Course in the Listowel District Secondary 
School is well established being now in its fourth year. 

4, Sept. June 



Hours of work School Hours 9 
Size of Classes 14 maximum. 



SALARY SCHEDULE Category 1 $6,100 min. $ 9,900 max. 
Category 2 $6,500 min. $10,300 max. 
Category 3 $7,200 min. $11,700 max. 
Category 4 $7,700 min. $12,300 max. 

Annual increment $300.00, other fringe benefits. Allowance for 
teaching experience $300.00 per year; for Nursing experience 
$200.00 per year up to 6 years. 

Send applications to, 
or for further information contact: 

Mr. W. H. Jack, Principal, 

Listowel District Secondary School 

Listowel, Ontario. 

Phone School 519-291-1880 
Home 519-291-2143 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



YOU 



Are cordially invited to join the 
staff of 

FULLY-QUALIFIED INSTRUCTORS 

AT ST. MARY S SCHOOL 

OF NURSING IN KITCHENER 

If you have a University Degree 
and are interested in moving to 
a progressive University City on 
Highway 401, we would wel 
come the opportunity to tell you 
about our School and our liberal 
salaries and benefits 

Sister M. Bonaventure, C. S. J., 
Director of Nursing Education 

ST. MARY S SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Kitchener, Ontario. 



NURSING 
ADMINISTRATION 

An attractive, senior position is 
available for a Registered Nurse, 
preferably one with a degree in 
Nursing but a University diploma 
in Nursing Administration will 
be acceptable. Experience in 
nursing service is essential and 
the successful applicant will be a 
member of Management in Nurs 
ing Administration. Salary will 
be negotiated. Replies, which 
will be confidential, should in 
clude a resume of experience 
and education. 

Please write to: 
Director of Nursing, 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

AND 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital 
situated in the picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quality nursing care. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 

Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Gait, Ontario 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

has immediate openings for 
REGISTERED NURSES 

Eligible for Ontario Registration. Oppor 
tunities for placement in Medical, Surgical, 
Paediatric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Units with early promo 
tional possibilities. A-l benefits and sala 
ries. Hamilton is a large city ideally 
located in Southern Ontario and has a 
fine University. 

Apply to: 

Personnel Department, 

HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 

Barton Street East, 

Hamilton, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

SALARY $415 - $490 

PLUS MERIT INCREASES 
8 HOUR WORKING PERIODS 

MODERN 45 BED 

ACCREDITED HOSPITAL 

RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION 

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 
E.G. GOLF, CURLING, SWIMMING 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 

ANSON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Iroquois Falls, Ontario 



TEACHER 

FOR 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Baccalaureate preferred, Diploma will be 
considered. 

Guelph is a pleasant city of 48,000, one 
hour s drive from Toronto. The University 
of Guelph offers educational and cultural 
advantages to community members. 
The School of Nursing is under separate 
direction from the hospital and has its 
own Board of Management. Student En 
rolment is 98. 

Interested applicants may write: 

Director 

School of Nursing 

GUELPH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Guelph, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



THE HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

SPONSORED BY 

THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF 

INSTRUCTOR 

QUALIFICATIONS A University degree and graduate experience in one or more fields of nursing. 

Eligibility for Nurse Registration in Ontario. 

The fourth group of students will be enrolled in September 1967. Additional teachers will be required 
since the maximum enrolment is expected to be reached this year. 

THE SCHOOL PROGRAM 

CONTROL The entire curriculum which covers 2 calendar years is planned and controlled by the school. 

Clinical experience, practice and observation is provided in: 

1) The H. H. A. complex of hospitals. 

2) The Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington. 

3) The Oakville Trafalgar Hospital, Oakville. 

4) The Ontario Hospital, Hamilton. 

5) Community agencies in the area. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WRITE TO: 
The Director, 

HAMILTON AND DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING, 

Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service -one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 




OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE 
FOR THE REGISTERED NURSE 

The new 22 bed Intensive Care Unit at 
the Winnipeg General Hospital offers a 
one year course in advanced Intensive 
Care Nursing. 

Salaries scaled to qualifications and 
experience 

Well planned orientation and continu 
ing education 

Approximately 100 lectures given by 
doctors and nurses 

Next course to commence September 
1967 

Uniforms supplied and laundered free 

Staff appointments are being made 
now. 

Apply to: 

Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N., 
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

700 William Avenue, 

Winnipeg 3, Manitoba 

c/o Personnel Dept. 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



VISITING NURSING 

OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS CANADA 




tor employment or bursaries 
write Director in Chief: 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

FOR CANADA 

5 Blackburn Avenue, 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



PEDIATRIC HEAD NURSE 

with postgraduate course in pediatrics 

Required for 105-bed fully accredited 
General Hospital. Salary based on expe 
rience and qualifications. Excellent per 
sonnel policies. 



Apply: 

Director of Nursing Service 
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL 

HOSPITAL, 
Brockville, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited tor 
the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

The Director of Nursing will be respon 
sible for the administration of all nursing 
services within the Hospital. At persent 
the Hospital operates 58 beds and has 
under review plans for renovation and 
expansion of services and additional beds 
to a total complement of 125. 

Address enquiries to: 

H. D. MacRobbie, 

Administratrix, 
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Grimsby, Ontario 



O.R. HEAD NURSE 

Applications are invited for the above 
position, in a 100-bed hospital. Salary 
$437 - $557 with additional recognition 
for post basic education and experience. 
Preference will be given to applicants with 
experience and post basic preparation in 
O. R. technique and nursing administra 
tion. 

for further details please contact: 

Director of Nursing, 

WEYBURN UNION HOSPITAL, 

Weyburn, Saskatchewan 



IN-SERVICE EDUCATION 
CO-ORDINATOR 



Required to replace retiring incumbent by 
September I to plan, direct and partici 
pate in the educational programmes of a 
650-bed hospital. Applicants must be well 
experienced registered nurses with de 
monstrated leadership and administrative 
ability. Additional advanced qualifications 
preferable. Salary according to qualifi 
cations. 



Please apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Barton St. E., 
Hamilton, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 

has an opening for a Director. 
REQUIREMENTS: Master s Degree prefer 
red and a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 

CHALLENGE: A unique opportunity to par 
ticipate in the plans for the building 
of the school and in the development 
of the programme for bilingual stu 
dents. 

APPOINTMENT: To be made as soon as 
possible. 

APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are 
invited to correspond with: 

The Chairman of the Board 

of Directors, 

Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 

269 Stewart Street, 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

TIMMINS, ONTARIO 

Modern 200-bed hospital situated 
in Northern Ontario. 

Requires 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

STARTING SALARY: Reg. N. $415 per month 
R.N.A. $270 per month 

Recognition given for qualifications and 
experience. Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 

AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 

REQUIREMENTS: 

University preparation in Nursing Edu 
cation. Salary differential for degree. 

For further information, 
contact: 

Director of Nursing 

JEFFERY KALE S HOSPITAL 

1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 

6, P.O. 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 




NURSES 

Forty thousand people 
North of the 53rd parallel need you. 



Manitoba s rapidly expanding Northland offers 
a challenging rewarding life for REGISTERED 
NURSES interested in PUBLIC HEALTH. 

Fbsitions with the Manitoba Department of 
Health open at The Pas, Manitoba and other 
Northern locations. 

For further information and application forms 

contact: Director of Nursing, 

Public Health Nursing Services, 
Manitoba Department of Health, 
Room 415, Norquay Building, 
Winnipeg 1, Manitoba. 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

All DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 

ensures opportunity for furthering 

education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student- enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Part Colborne,Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 



Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

Invites applications for positions of 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, and 
student program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefits. 

For details apply: 

Director 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

281 Sherbourne Street 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



OUO VADIS 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

OFFERS 

Interesting positions for teachers 
in Medical-Surgical Nursing in a 
two-year program. Degree and 
experience essential. 

Write: 

THE DIRECTOR 

38 Sunnyside Avenue 

Toronto 3, Ontario 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

* Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

* Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

* Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

* Liberal personnel policies 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 
FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLING WOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ACTIVE 200 BEDS FULLY 
ACCREDITED 

requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Pleasant City of 48,500, one 

hour from Toronto Via 401. 

Good personnel policies. 

For further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Guelph, Ontario 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



MAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



THE GENERAL REGISTRY 

OF GRADUATE NURSES 

TORONTO 

FURNISH NURSES 
AT ANY HOUR 
DAY or NIGHT 

Telephone: 483-4306 

411 Eglinton Avenue East 

Suite 500 
Toronto 12, Ontario 

JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N. 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Invites applications for the positions of: 

TEACHERS IN 
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 

Responsibilities include classroom and cli 
nical teaching in an integrated 36 month 
programme. 

The School has an enrolment of 140 
students and is associated with a 375 bed 
hospital. 

Proximity to the Lakehead University of 
fers opportunities for further study and 
advancement. 

University preparation required with sal 
ary differential for degree. 

Apply to: 

The Director of Nursing Education 
McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing, Fort William, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291 -bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 



apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

Requires 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for new 80-bed hospital in west-end 
Montreal. 

Openings in: Obstetrics 

Gynaecology 
General Surgery 

Planned orientation and active Inservice 
program. Salaries in accordance with 
ANPQ. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

4375 Montclair Ave., 

Montreal 28, Que. 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

for further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFEU ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, ha 
openings for; 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



for information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 
requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education building 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 



for further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



. . . minutes away from Boston Pops, Harvard Square, historic landmarks, beautiful beaches, nationally famous 
colleges and universities, sailing on the Charles River, old Cape Cod and magnificent skiing. Whafs more, Beth 
Israel is just minutes away from the new Boston ... as modern as its exciting 52-story Prudential skyscraper. 

And every minute of a nurse s time is valuable as valuable as gold. Beth Israel, an integral part of the Harvard 

Medical Complex, realizes this. So at B.I., a nurse is 
free to nurse . . . she is relieved from the pressures 
and drudgery of non-nursing duties. A B.I. nurse is 
encouraged through tuition reimbursement to further 
her education. A B.I. nurse uses some of the most 
modern equipment available, much of which was in 
vented and perfected at the hospital. A B.I. nurse 
works side by side with many of the world s finest 
medical people. 

Take a few minutes to consider Boston . . . and the 
unlimited professional opportunities at Boston s Beth 
Israel Hospital. 

For further details on nursing at Beth Israel, reply to: 
Miss Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place 
ment, Dept. 23 




BOSTON S BETH ly/f TIVTT T 
ISRAEL HOSPITAL: lvJ.J-1^1 U 






BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL 

330 Brookline Avenue 
Boston, Massachusetts 02215 

An Equal Opportunity Employer 



KINGSTON, ONTARIO 

GRADUATE NURSES 
MALE and FEMALE 

Excellent opportunities for advancement in a 600 bed 
University Teaching Hospital 

SALARY SCALE 

with Ontario registration 

$400- $480 PER MONTH 
without Ontario registration 

$360 - $420 PER MONTH 

credit given for post graduate experience and univer 
sity preparation. 

FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR GRADUATES TO QUALIFY 
FOR ONTARIO REGISTRATION 

Write to: 

Mr. J. SCHOLES, 
Associate Director Nursing Administration, 

KINGSTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 

Kingston, Ontario, 
Canada 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 




Invites Applications For: 

HEAD NURSES IN ALL AREAS 

CASEROOM, EMERGENCY AND I.C.U. STAFF 

GENERAL STAFF R.N. AND R.N.A. 

This modern 750-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Summer of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in patient care and embraces the most modern concepts of team 
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967 
edition). Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
with experience and ability. 

For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 

SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 

Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 



vUY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 



Registered Nurses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 




Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 

El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 

Salary range for General Staff positions 

$360.00 - $420.00 per month 

and other liberal benefits. 



Direct enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing, 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 
Name 



Address- 
City 



.State. 



-Zip Code. 




SCOTLAND 

.--~\ 

THE ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH 

REGISTERED GENERAL NURSES ore invited to apply 
for interesting posts of at least six months duration 
in this University Teaching Hospital. Duties may be 
in general wards, or intensive care units. 42 hour 
week. Salary 690 - 850 per annum. 

Residential accommodation available, if required. 

Registration in the United Kingdom necessary. Arran 
gements should be made through applicant s National 
Nurses Association. 



For full details apply to: 
The Lady Superintendent of Nurses, 

THE ROYAL INFIRMARY 

Edinburg, 3. 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged. In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



4AY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR: 

To be in charge of Operating Suite and 
Emergency service of 58-bed hospital. 
Plans for renovation and expansion of 
services and additional beds to a total 
complement of 125 are under review. 
Operating Room Supervisor is responsible 
to the Director of Nursing. 

Address enquiries to: 

H. D. MacRobbie, 

Administratrix, 
WEST LINCOLN MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Grimsby, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 
will require 

1 TEACHERS - AUGUST 1967 

DUTIES: Instruction in Science and Medical- 
Surgical Nursing Participation in deve 
lopment of 2 year programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS: University preparation 
in Nursing Education or Public Health. 

SALARY: Commensurate with experience 
and education. 50 students enrolled 
annually. 

For further information contact: 

Director School of Nursing 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ont. 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paedratric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING SERVICE 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Applications are invited 
for the position of: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE. 

Duties to commence not later than July 
15, 1967. Minimum qualifications a bac- 
caleaureate degree and nursing adminis 
tration experience. 

Please address applications to: 

Assistant Administrator 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



WANTED 



Registered Nurses required for twelve-bed 
Company hospital in Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 
Salary $385.00 per month plus five an 
nual increments. Free apartment and 
board. Relocation expenses. Company 
paid insurance, medical, hospital plans 
and pension plan available. 



For further particulars, apply to: 

Personnel Manager, 
SHERRITT GORDON MINES 

LIMITED, 
Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Registered Nurses required for General 
Duty in well staffed 90 bed general hos 
pital. 

Salary Scale $3,200 x $120 to $4,200 per 
annum. 

Liberal personnel policy. 

Good prospects for early promotion to 
senior positions on basis of merit and 
ability rather than on seniority. 

Fare paid from present location. 

Apply for further details 
to: 

Dr. A. H. Dennison 
Medical Superintendent 

NOTRE DAME BAY 

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Twillingate, Newfoundland 



PSYCHIATRIC 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

required by 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 
KAMLOOPS, British Columbia 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing Education 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B. C. 



GRADUATE NURSES 

For permanent staff or holiday relief. In 
active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the 
Columbia River Valley in southeastern 
British Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sports activities including golf, tennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Starting salary after registration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annuel 
vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 1 /2 days 
sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in 
medical coverage and superannuation. 
Residence accommodation. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 

Trail, British Columbia 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SARNIA, ONTARIO 

Invites applications for the 
positions of: 

IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 

EVENING SUPERVISOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po 
licies. 



For further information apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Sarnia, Ontario 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 

For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 



UNITED STATES 



WEST INDIES 



McMASTER 
UNIVERSITY 

DECREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING (B.SC.N.) 

A Four-Year Course which pre 
pares students for all branches 
of community and hospital nur 
sing practice and leads to the 
degree, Bachelor of Science in 
Nursing (B.Sc.N.). It includes 
studies in the humanities, basic 
sciences and nursing. Bursaries, 
loans and scholarships are a- 
vailable. 



For additional information, 
write to: 

School of Nursing 
McMASTER UNIVERSITY 

Hamilton, Ontario 



GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

US-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 



REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 



Registered Graduate Nurses who wish to gain valu 
able and interesting experience in the semi Tropical 
county of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Arti- 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write: 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 




SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGILL UNIVERSITY 



PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 

Two years from McGill Senior Matriculation or three years from McGill Junior 
Matriculation or the equivalents. In First Year the student elects one clinical 
setting in which to study nursing, selecting from 

Maternal and Child Health Nursing 

Medical-Surgical Nursing 

Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 

Public Health Nursing 

In Final Year the student studies in nursing education, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 

Teaching of Nursing 

Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals 

Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 

DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 

A program of two academic years for nurses with a baccalaureate degree. 
Students elect to major in: 

Development and Administration of Educational Programs in Nursing 

Nursing Service Administration in Hospitals and Public Health Agencies 

PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 

leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

A five-year program for students with McGill Junior Matriculation or its equivalent. 
This program combines academic and professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in the McGill teaching hospitals and selected health agencies. This broad 
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares 
nurses for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community. 

For further particulars write to: 

DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 



VlAY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in 
our 1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44-06 15-36-1 G 



Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201 . 1 5-38-1 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
fb) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), d) progressive personnel poli 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 1 5-36-1 D 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

announces 

FACULTY POSITIONS 

available for the following programmes: 

1. A Four-Year Basic Degree Programme 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966 

2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg 
istered Nurses. 

3. Expanding graduate programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 

Enquires are invited from qualified persons 
who are interested in University teaching 
opportunities in the School of Nursing of a 
rapidly developing Health Sciences Centre. 

For information write to: 

The Dean, School of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 

WESTERN ONTARIO 

London, Canada 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Bath of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 1967 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7:30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIYERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 



AN EXTENSION COURSE 
IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

Nurses interested in enrolling for the Extension Course 
in Nursing Unit Administration should submit their 
applications not later than June 1st, 1967. Appli 
cations will be accepted from nurses who are en 
gaged as assistant head nurses, head nurses or 
supervisors and who are unable to attend a univer 
sity school of nursing. Directors of nursing in small 
hospitals may also apply. 

The course begins with a five-day workshop in Sep 
tember, followed by a seven month period of home- 
study. A final five-day workshop will be held in 
May 1968. 

The Extension Course in Nursing Unit Administration 
is jointly sponsored by the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion and the Canadian Hospital Association. 

Information and application forms may be obtained 
by writing to: 

Director, 

EXTENSION COURSE IN NURSING UNIT ADMINISTRATION 

25 Imperial Street 
Toronto 7, Ontario 




HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 






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67-1 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

May 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 10 

American Sterilizer Company 9 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd Cover IV 

Bland Uniforms Limited 24 

The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd. 49 

Canadian Pacific Airlines 6 

M. J. Chase Co. Inc. 51 

Charles E. Frosst & Co. 16 

W. J. Gage Limited 25 

Hollister Limited 23 

Frank W. Horner Company 45 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 1 1 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 51 

J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited 2 

Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd 12 

Medical Products 3M Company 5 

Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd 19 

J. T. Posey Company 47 

Reeves Company 18 

W. B. Saunders Company 26 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 50 

Smith & Nephew Limited 20 

Uniforms Registered Cover III 

Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 80 



White Sister Uniform Inc. 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 



Advertising 

Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
1 70 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



1 , Cover II 
48, 80 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



MAY 



June, 1967 





" 



The 



Canadian 
Nurse 







psychiatric care - 
a new approach 

attitudes of nurses 
to nursing 

idea exchange 














*> 




m 




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two teaspoonfuls of Elixir three or four times daily. PARENTERAL 10 to 50 mg. intravenously or deeply 
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this or other antihistamine-containing drugs, or whose tolerance is not known, should not engage in 
activities requiring keen response while using BENADRYL. Hypnotics, sedatives, or tranquilizers, if used 
with BENADRYL, should be prescribed with caution because of possible additive effect. Diphenhydramine 
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UNE 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 




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For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 

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2 THE CANADIAN NURSE UNE 19 " 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 6 

25 Editorial 

26 From Institution to Community 

27 The Saskatchewan Plan 

29 Weyburn Psychiatric Centre 

31 Community Psychiatric Nursing 



June 1967 

Phyllis E. Jones 

F. Grunberg 

F. S. Lawson 

John B. Wright 
C. Albert Atkinson 



and J. Frank VanKampen 

33 Research Nursing in Psychiatry W. Keith Paul 

35 Nursing Education in Malawi John R. Monaghan 

38 Public Health Project in Ontario 

40 Idea Exchange 

42 Attitudes of Nurses to Nursing C. G. Costello 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

7 News 
18 Names 
20 Dates 
22 New Products 



23 In a Capsule 

45 Research abstracts 

46 Books 

48 Films 

49 Accession List 



Cover photo shows members of the graduating class at Royal Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal. Photo by Graetz Bros. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glcnnls N. Zllm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year. $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



JUNE 1967 



Nurses will be among the first to 
support the belief that mentally ill 
persons deserve the same quality of 
care as physically ill persons. Nurses 
also are in a position to know that 
the mentally ill do not get 
comparative care. Here are some 
facts: 

Of all hospitalized persons, 41 
percent are in psychiatric hospitals. 

Almost one-quarter of all patients 
in psychiatric hospitals have been 
there for more than 20 years. 

In 1964, the amount spent on 
each patient each day in a general 
hospital was $28.31; in the mental 
institution, it was $7.10. 

But the nursing profession also 
shares the responsibility for the 
comparatively poor standard of care 
to the mentally ill. Here are some 
more facts: 

Only five percent of registered 
nurses employed in hospitals in 
Canada are working in mental 
hospitals. 

Only 2,655 graduate nurses are 
employed in mental hospitals; 
49,811 nurses are in general 
hospitals. 

In addition there are 2,746 
registered psychiatric nurses 
employed in mental hospitals. 

Before psychiatric nursing 
programs began to develop and 
recruit members into the profession, 
mentally ill patients were cared for 
almost completely by untrained 
attendants. 

The Canadian Mental Health 
Association is currently preparing 
a brief for submission to the 
federal government concerning the 
care of the mentally ill. This brief 
will likely outline a plan of action 
to develop and stimulate increasingly 
effective psychiatric and mental 
health services throughout Canada. 

Nurses associations must also be 
prepared to take action concerning 
nursing care of the mentally ill. 
If we do not, someone else will. 
What will our plan of action be? 

G.Z. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



RNAO protests editorial 

Dear Editor: 

The Board of Directors of the Registered 
Nurses Association of Ontario directed me 
to write to you to protest that part of the 
editorial of the April 1967 issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE, which referred to On 
tario s method of implementing the "long- 
mooted question of integrating nursing edu 
cation into the general education system." 
A very brief review of progress in this area 
may help to enlighten those readers who 
gained the wrong impression from the 
editorial. 

1. As far back as 1948, Ontario actively 
supported experimentation in nursing edu 
cation by making provision for the approval 
of the Metropolitan School of Nursing in 
Windsor, so that the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation-Canadian Red Cross sponsored 
demonstration of a two-year nursing cur 
riculum could take place. 

2. Since 1960, starting with the Night 
ingale School of Nursing, independent 
schools of nursing have been established. 

3. The Quo Vadis School of Nursing was 
established on the pattern indicated above, 
to meet the needs of the mature recruit in 
to nursing. 

4. The RNAO has advocated in the re 
cent past, both in the Briefs presented to the 
Royal Commission in Health Services and 
to the Ontario Committee on the Healing 
Arts, that nursing education be integrated 
into the general educational system. 

5. The stated belief of the RNAO that 
nursing education should be integrated into 
the general educational system was imple 
mented in 1964, when a school of nursing 
was established at The Ryerson Polytechni- 
cal Institute in Toronto. This school gra 
duates its first class this May the only 
diploma graduates from a program in a 
post-secondary educational institution in 
Canada. 

6. Briefs have already been submitted to 
the departments concerned regarding the 
inclusion of schools of nursing in the plan 
ning for Colleges of Applied Arts and 
Technology. 

It is interesting to note: 

1. that Ontario could and did experiment 
so widely in the field of nursing education; 

2. that this experimentation was carried 
out at the wish of a voluntary membership; 

3. that this work was shared freely with 
colleagues across Canada; and 

4. either because of, or in spite of this 
fact that Ontario is in a position of accept 
ing (?) something that "is less than second 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



best." (Miss) Elsbeth Geiger, President, 
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. 

Ontario s challenge 

Dear Editor: 

Congratulations to the journal and to 
Dr. Helen Mussallem for giving us the facts 
on nursing education in Canada (April edi 
torial). As an Ontario nurse, I was more 
than a little dismayed to realize that On 
tario is "the one province that is not only 
failing to move forward, but which is ac 
tually moving backwards. 

Ontario has many events in her nursing 
history of which she can be justly proud. 
This is the province that pioneered the inte 
grated program of basic nursing education 
in the university setting; that was chosen 
for the demonstration (at Windsor) that 
nurses could be prepared effectively in a 
two-year diploma program; that fought for 
and achieved legislation giving the nursing 
profession control of its own education and 
licensing procedures; that established the 
first really independent school of nursing 
outside a university in Canada (the Night 
ingale School of Nursing); and that imple 
mented a diploma program in nursing with 
in the framework of general education (at 
The Ryerson Polythenical Institute). 

Can this be the same province that has 
allowed the establishment of a new system 
of nursing education that, by definition, was 
obsolete before it was implemented, that 
has been demonstrated to be "less than 
second best," and that is incompatible with 
the stated beliefs of the nursing profession 
in Canada and the recommendations of the 
Royal Commission on Health Services that 
nursing education ought to be part of the 
general education system? 

Ontario s regional schools of nursing pur 
port to offer a two-year educational pro 
gram followed by a one-year "internship." 
The latter, which has been proven unneces 
sary, will be at best a quosi-apprenticeship. 
(A true apprenticeship system requires the 
presence of master craftsmen to teach and 
guide the apprentices; such master crafts 
men in nursing are conspicuous by their 
absence in many nursing service situations 
where the students from regional schools 
will spend their periods of internships). At 
worst, the "internship" will be a source of 
cheap labor for hospitals. 

This nursing education issue in Ontario 
was compounded recently when the Board 
of Directors of the RNAO endorsed a rec 
ommendation for the establishment of di 
ploma programs in nursing in the new 



Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology. 
Does this mean that the nurses of Ontario 
want single-purpose regional schools of nurs 
ing under the general jurisdiction of the 
provincial department of health as well as 
nursing courses within the general education 
system? Do the 50,000 nurses in Ontario 
know what they want or indeed, do they 
even care? Certainly their silence on this 
issue is ominous. 

The handwriting is on the wall. Unless 
the nurses of Ontario state their beliefs and 
act upon them immediately, their hard-won 
autonomy will be lost and nursing educa 
tion in the province will be set back 50 
years. 

The rest of Canada has shown Ontario 
the way. Our future depends on how we 
meet their challenge. M. Josephine Fla 
herty, Toronto, Ontario. 

Ideas for journal 

Dear Editor: 

Since leaving active nursing, I have found 
THE CANADIAN NURSE a wonderful source 
of up-to-date information. The "Letters" sec 
tion gives nurses from all parts of Canada 
an opportunity to express ideas or to pro 
vide information for others. I believe this is 
so essential when programs all over the 
country are changing. 

Would it be possible to have a page in the 
journal each month where a current nursing 
issue is printed (eg., shortage of nurses). The 
following month, nurses from all regions 
could send in their personal views. This 
would be another way Canadian nurses 
might realize that each of us are faced with 
very similar problems in the profession. 
Valerie Northgrave, Ottawa, Ont. 

Missing journals 

Dear Editor: 

I would like to hear from any reader; 
who can help us locate the following jour 
nals so that we can complete our volume; 
for binding: Nursing Outlook, (Feb., May 
1965; May, Aug., 1964; Feb., 1963; Apr. 
1961; Jan., Apr., Aug., 1960). -- (Mrs.; 
Margaret Austin, Librarian, School of Nurs 
ing, St. Joseph s Hospital, Guelph, Ontario 

Dear Editor: 

We are trying to complete our collectior 
of Nursing Outlook journals and would ap 
preciate hearing from readers who migh 
have the following issues: February, May 
July, 1960 and April, 1961. (Miss) Mabe 
C. Brown, Librarian, Ottawa Civic Hospita 
School of Nursing, Ottawa 3, Ontario. 

JUNE 1967 



Save your hospital 

time and money 

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Each 1000-ml. Abbo-Liter bottle (List 4370) contains: 

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Ascorbic Acid 1 ,000 mg. 

Thiamine Hydrochloride 250 mg. 

Riboflavin 50 mg. 

Niacinamide 1 ,250 mg. 

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 50 mg. 

d-Pantothenyl Alcohol 500 mg. 

Ready-mixed Surbex-1000 Solution costs about 
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vi-al of the same I.V. vitamins, a litre of D5W 
and a disposable syringe. And it costs much 
less to use, because it eliminates assem 
bling and mixing components . . . reduces 
paper work . . . saves time . . . helps to 
avoid errors. 

Usually, (1) a requisition goes to Cen 
tral Supply for D5W. (2) Another copy 
goes to pharmacist for I.V. vitamins. 
(3) Nurse must procure a syringe and 
needle. (4) Each added requisition also 
goes to Accounting. (5) Materials go to 
nursing station and are checked. (6) 
Nurse reconstitutes vitamins (often a 
solid cake). (7) She withdraws concen 
trate by syringe. (8) Using sterile proce 




dure, she enters litre bottle. (9) She re-labels 
bottle to show correct contents. (10) Only now 
does she catch up with Surbex-1000 Solution! 
Surbex-1000 Solution eliminates all these costly 
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Surbex-1000 Solution . , . and it s ready for use! 
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Indicated for intravenous use in patients with increased 
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Contraindications and precautions: Do not 
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Administration and dosage: Surbex-1000 
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JUNE 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



Dermoplast 




Better than a feather pillow for relief from 
postepisiotomy discomfort 

Soothing anesthetic spray relieves postepisiotomy surface pain and itching in seconds - 
without the need for touching sensitive, affected areas while promoting healing and 
fighting infection. Also provides quick relief from pain of postpartum hemorrhoids. 

Composition: Benzocaine; Benzethonium chloride; Menthol. 8- Hydroxyquinoline benzoate. and Methylparaben, dissolved in oils. 
Other indications: For immediate use in relieving pam. preventing infection, and coating burns, surface wounds, lacerations, 
abrasions, minor operation sites etc. Administration: Hold can in a convenient position at least 12 inches away from affected area. 
Point spray nozzle and press button forward. Use two or three times daily, or as directed by the physician A sterile gauze dressing, 
saturated with spray, may be applied if thought necessary. Contraindication: Allergy to benzocaine Note: Chemical, acidoi 
alkali burns should be washed and neutralized before applying DERMOPLAST. If dirt is present, spray with DERMOPLAST, then 
gently wash away dirt with mild soap solution, rinse thoroughly and respray with DERMOPLAST. Warning: Keep away from eyes 
and mouth. Do not apply to face while using oxygen resuscitator. Stains on synthetic fabrics, such as nylon or rayon, are re movable 
by laundering with a detergent that does not contain bleach. Supply: No 1001. in containers of 3 avdp oz (Prescription Size), 
and 11 avdp oz (Hospital Economy Size). Full information available on request 
T.M. Reg d. 

AYERST LABORATORIES, Division of Ayerst, McKenna & Harrison Limited, Montreal, Canada 




M1 700/5/67 

6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



news 



CNA-CMA-CHA To Sponsor 
Major Conference in Fall 

Toronto. Plans for the First Canadian 
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela 
tions, to take place in Ottawa this fall, 
were announced following a meeting of a 
CNA-CMA-CHA Steering Committee in 
mid- April. 

The ten-member steering committee had 
been formed following discussions of the 
Liaison Committee of the medical, nursing 
and hospital associations, a permanent group 
that meets to discuss interdisciplinary mat 
ters. Boards of Directors of the three or 
ganizations had ratified the proposal for a 
steering committee to investigate the pro 
posed conference. 

Main theme of the conference would 
concern the improvement of communications 
between the chief of medical staff, the 
hospital administrator, and the director of 
nursing. Sub-topics of the conference also 
suggested for the program concerned prob 
lems of medical staff organization, main 
tenance of high quality of patient care, and 
relationships between hospitals and govern 
ment. 

Hospitals sending delegates to the con 
ference would be asked to ensure that the 
chief of medical staff, hospital director, 
and nursing director would all attend. It 
was suggested that if all three represent 
atives could not attend, then the hospital 
would be ineligible to send delegates. The 
executive secretary of each of the three 
associations in the 10 provinces will also 
be invited. 

Dates for the proposed three-day con 
ference will be established definitely at 
the next planning meeting, but will likely 
coincide with Grey Cup celebrations. 

Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive dir 
ector, CNA, and Miss Margaret D. McLean, 
nursing consultant, Department of National 
Health and Welfare, will represent CNA 
on the planning committee for the confer 
ence. 

RNAO Reports Progress 
In Collective Bargaining 

Toronto. In a closed session at the 
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario 
annual meeting in April, members heard 
representatives from 9 hospitals and 17 
public health units report on their collective 
bargaining activities. 

Of the hospital nurses associations, three 
are now certified, and two of these have 
signed contracts with their employers; the 
remaining six associations plan either to 
negotiate on a voluntary basis or apply for 

JUNE 1967 



Nursing Sister Attends Vimy Celebrations 




Captain (Nursing Sister) Z. M. Sharp, of the National Defence Medical 

Centre in Ottawa, attended the memorial services of the Battle of Vimy 
Ridge in Vimy, France on April 9, 1967. She was one of three medical per 
sonnel selected to accompany 72 Canadian veterans who participated in the 
memorial service. The veterans, ranging in age from 67 to 85 years, were 
representatives from the Canadian Battalions that had fought in the World 
War I Battle. The trip was sponsored by the Canadian government; the re 
presentatives were chosen by the Canadian Legion, "They were a wonderful 
group," Captain Sharp said, "and even the sick ones were well. The trip was 
very tiring, of course, and the celebrations were exciting, but everyone 
thoroughly enjoyed himself. We even took a night club tour in Paris." Shown 
in the photograph are (from left to right); Mr. W. S. Frail, Centreville, Kings 
County, Nova Scotia: Mr. J. Forman, D.C.M. and Bar, MM., M.I.D., Lind 
say, Ontario; and Captain Sharp, Pembrook, Ontario. 



certification. (A written agreement, on a 
voluntary basis, is equivalent to certification; 
however, nurses associations may decide to 
become certified even though they have a 
written agreement, since formal certification 
provides more security and guards against 
possible policy changes with a new, incom 
ing hospital or public health board.) 

Six public health units in Ontario are 
certified; five are negotiating on a voluntary 
basis; and six either are awaiting certifi 
cation or are in the initial stages of organ 
ization. 

Four health units have been grey-listed 
by RNAO in the past year. In Ontario and 
Peel Counties, grey-listing was lifted when 
satisfactory contracts were obtained by the 
nurses. Halton and the United Counties 
of Stormont Dundas and Glengarry remain 
grey-listed until their situation is similarly 
settled. According to RNAO officials, not 
one registered nurse has accepted a posi 
tion in any health unit grey-listed by 



RNAO, although in all four cases efforts 
were made by the employer to fill staff va 
cancies. 

Under the Ontario Labour Relations Act, 
nurses wishing to bargain collectively, must 
form local nurses associations in individual 
employing agencies. To date, no action has 
been taken in the legislature to pass the 
Nurses Collective Bargaining Act, 1965 
(presented to the government by RNAO in 
February, 1965) or to amend the present 
Labour Relations Act, making it more suit 
able for a profession. 

VON General Meeting 
Held in Ottawa 

Ottawa. "A job well done" is how 
Mr. G. B. Rosenfeld, senior consultant in 
hospital administration and insurance with 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, described the work of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses for Canada over the past 
70 years. Speaking at the 69th annual meet- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



ing of the board of governors and gen 
eral meeting of members, held May 4 and 
5, 1967 at the Chateau Laurier Hotel in 
Ottawa, Mr. Rosenfeld said that he was im 
pressed by "the analysis and introspection 
that the VON has undergone in its self 
evaluation." 

"Agencies in the health field are in the 
spotlight and have many advantages" he 
continued. "Industries and commercial or 
ganizations would pay millions to create a 
demand for their products. Health agencies 
have this demand . . . and the health of 
residents of Canada is our goal." 

President of the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation, Reverend Sister Mary Felicitas, 
congratulated the VON on its accomplish 
ments during the past year. "Over 100 
branches with 700 nurses made 1,300,000 
visits to patients in their homes," she said. 

Fetal Heart Monitors 
In Use in Montreal 

Montreal. -- Obstetrical patients at the 
Jewish General Hospital will benefit from 
the first fetal heart monitoring system to be 
installed in a Montreal hospital. The ad 
vantage of the system instituted at the 
hospital at the end of April --is that it 
evaluates the viability of the fetus and 
discerns fetal distress on a continuous basis. 
"It is rare to lose a baby during labor," 
said Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief of the 
hospital s Department of Gynecology and 
Obstetrics. "But with this system, we hope 



to make the possibility rarer still." 

The fetal heart sound monitoring system 
consists of twelve microphones, a rubber 
strap, a complicated wiring system, an am 
plifier, selector switch, oscilloscope, and a 
cardiotachometer equipped with an alarm. 
The obstetrician takes the first step in using 
the system by locating the spot on the 
mother s abdomen where the fetal heart 
beats are strongest. The microphone is then 
affixed to the spot with a rubber strap. 
Long, walled-in wires connect the micro 
phone to the amplifier situated in the nur 
ses station where, by turning the selector 
switch, attending nurses can "tune in" to 
the heart beats in any one of 12 labor 
rooms, hear them over the amplifier and 
"see" them on the oscilloscope. When irre 
gularities occur, the nurses hear them and 
see them at once. 

Finally, the upper and lower limits of 
normal fetal heart beats are set on the 
cardiotachometer. When these limits are 
transgressed, the cardiotachometer sets off 
an alarm so that the medical staff is auto 
matically alerted and therapy time maxi 
mized. 

"Community Health in Canada" 
Theme for CPHA Meeting 

Ottawa. An appraisal of community 
health in Canada after a century of 
scientific and technological advances and a 
projection of community health care needs 
in the next century formed the theme of 
the 58th Annual meeting of the Canadian 
Public Health Association. The meeting, 
held jointly with the Ontario Public Health 
Association, was held in Ottawa at the 
Chateau Laurier on April 25-27. 



Dr. M.G. Candau, director-general of the 
World Health Organization, brought greet 
ings from his organization, and addressed 
the delegates at a luncheon assembly. He 
praised Canada s contributions to WHO 
and especially praised the contributions of 
nurses. "Canadian nurses have carried their 
skills and their gifts of organization, man 
agement and teaching to all quarters of the 
globe," he said. He particularly stressed the 
need for health personnel in the developing 
countries. 

In the afternoons, the group divided into 
sections according to interest of the dele 
gates. 

The newly released Statement of Func 
tions and Qualifications for the Practice of 
Public Health Nursing in Canada was the 
subject of the panel presentation to the 
Public Health Nursing Section on the first 
afternoon. 

The results of a study on activities of 
nursing personnel in six health units were 
presented to the nursing section at the 
second afternoon session. Miss Verna M. 
Huffman, public health nursing consultant 
in the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, reviewed the findings. She noted 
that the one-third of nursing time was 
spent in nursing service, one-third of all 
nursing time was spent in the health unit 
office, and 40 to 50 percent of all nursing 
time was spent on activities that involved 
no patient contact. 

In commenting on the study, Miss Huff 
man indicated that, as suggested in the 
CPHA Statement oj Functions and Quali 
fications, certain activities now performed 
by public health nurses could be assigned 
(Continued on page 11) 




Dr. Morrie M. Gelfand, Chief, Department of Obstetrics 
and Gynecology, Montreal s Jewish General Hospital, and 
a patient show how the fetal heart sound monitoring sys- 
tern s microphone picks up the fetal heart beats and re 
lays them to an amplifier in the central nursing station 
where it is "seen" and heard as often as the staff desire. 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Tuning in to any one of twelve labor rooms, a nurse can 
hear the heart beats on the amplifier (bottom left) and 
"see" them on the oscilloscope (top right). Upper and 
lower limits of babies normal heart beats are set on the 
cardiotachometer (bottom right). If these limits are ex 
ceeded, a sound alarm goes off to warn medical staff. 

JUNE 1967 



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dressings are changed. It retains a saline, or silver nitrate, solution 
far longer than ordinary gauze. Consequently, fewer dressing changes 
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time. Consequently fewer dressing changes are required. It can be cut to 
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3. Finger sponge*. Sofnet* Gauze can be folded around the finger 
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or incision. It is extremely absorbent. Laboratory tests indicate it is 
twice as absorbent as 20 x 12 mesh gauze. Sofnet* Gauze is supplied 
in a variety of sizes suitable for finger sponges. 



4. Fluffs. Sofnet* Gauze is extremely soft and absorbent. It wilt not 
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"In spite of today s apparent explosion 

in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed. 



A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 

This small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con 
suited unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 

One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls whether 




or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
doctors all should be provided with in 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 

To assist you in explaining menstru 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
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tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 



1. Israel. S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen, 
Virginia L.: J. Am. M. Women s A. 20:557, 1965. 



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iUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



Do you fee) adequately prepared to care for the patient with a kidney transplant? 
Are you familiar with the newest techniques in care of the severely burned patient? 
Are you certain of all the factors for properly preparing a patient for a corneal transplant? 
Do you know what causes regression and how to control it? 
Do you know how to alleviate your patient s sleep problems? 

Because accuracy is a watchword of your profession, you need an authoritative 
reference book that can offer you the latest developments in every area of clinical 
nursing. Here is the book that meets that need ... a first in nursing literature . . . 
an outstanding new book that shares with you the insight and experience of 28 
distinguished contributors as they discuss timely topics important to you. 

A New Book! 

CURRENT CONCEPTS IN CLINICAL NURSING 

This practical, timesaving new book is divided into the 4 clinical categories of 
nursing: medical-surgical, psychiatric, pediatric, and maternity. An important 
chapter on the patient with a corneal transplant outlines the necessary procedures 
as well as the goals of postoperative care. Because of the increasing frequency 
of organ transplants, a separate chapter explains this topic using the kidney as a 
prime example. It clearly describes your role in postoperative management includ 
ing infection. 

It provides you with practical, clinical guidance on such recurring problems as: 
how to care for the patient with long-anticipated surgical experience; care of the 
child with congenital defects or other long-term health problems; how to meet the 
needs of the unwed mother, and care of maternity patients in the low socio-eco 
nomic groups. An excellent bibliography of current references offers you the op 
portunity for additional reading. 

Up-to-date, authoritative and completely clinical, this new book can offer sound 
new answers to the problems you encounter every day. Order your copy now. 

Edited by BETTY BERGERSEN, R.N., M.S.; EDITH ANDERSON, R.N., Ph.D.; MARGARET DUFFEY, R.N., Ph.D.; 
MARION ROSE, R.N., M.A.; MARY LOHR, R.N., Ed.D. with 28 contributor*. Publication date: August, 1967. 
Approx. 486 pages, 7" x 10", 42 illustrations. About $17.30. 

A New Book! 

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY 

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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



news 



(Continued from page 9) 

to non-nurse auxiliary staff, and the nurse 
freed for nursing services. The use of tape 
recorders, dictaphones and other mechan 
ical aids were also advocated as "nurse- 
savers." 

Copies of some of the addresses given 
at the meeting will be available for loan 
from the CNA Library. Please watch the 
Accession Lists for notice of receipt of the 
conference proceedings. 

One School of Nursing 
One Local Hospital 
Recommended for PEI 

Charlottetown. One centralized school 
of nursing to serve the entire province and 
a merger of the two local hospitals in one 
location, under one ownership and adminis 
tration were among the recommendations 
of the Agnew Report on Hospital and 
Medical Facilities in Prince Edward Island, 
tabled in the provincial legislature last 
month. 

The centralized school would do away 
with the existing schools at the Charlotte- 
town and Prince Edward Island hospitals 
in Charlottetown and the Prince County 
hospital in Summerside. 

The report suggest that the centralized 
program could probably be located in Char 
lottetown and says that facilities would 
need to be provided to accomodate ap 
proximately 100 students at a time or even 
more. 

"A use of all the local facilities in Char 
lottetown would make an impressive total 
used jointly," the report stated. It reviewed 
the facilities for nursing education now 
available in the three hospitals and sug 
gested that a centralized school make use 
of all local facilities in Charlottetown, in 
cluding the Sanatorium, which the report 
indicated could be made available in the 
near future. It recommended that science 
education be obtained from one of the 
province s two universities, St. Dunstan s or 
Prince of Wales. 

In recommending the merger of the local 
hospitals, the report suggested that the site 
of the present P.E.I, hospital be considered 
as the home for the new combined facility. 
Additional buildings, it goes on to say, 
should be constructed on adjacent prop 
erty. The report indicates that there is some 
urgency in deciding on the merger because 
of existing problems. 

If the merger of the two Charlottetown 
hospitals becomes fact, the report recom 
mends that the Charlottetown Hospital be 
considered for use as a chronic care hos 
pital for concentrated care of those with 
chronic or terminal diseases that are too 
complicated for care in the new homes for 
the aged established in the province. 

JUNE 1967 




Miss Frances Howard and Mr. G.A. Hillier, (standing) conference leaders, 

discuss aspects of problem-solving techniques with group members (seated, left 
to right) Mrs. Christine O Neill, Miss Corrie Lebucette, and Miss Margaret 
Beswetherick, at the Halifax Nursing Service Workshop. 



Integrated Educational Programs 
Favored by RNAO 

Toronto. Delegates attending the April 
annual meeting of the Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario approved a resolu 
tion that endorses the integration of dip 
loma schools of nursing in the province s 
Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology. 

The resolution stated that the system of 
separate, single-purpose institutions under 
the general jurisdiction of the provincial 
department of health as exemplified by 
regional schools of nursing in Ontario 
is incompatible with the stated beliefs of 
the profession. The resolution urged the 
RNAO to discourage the establishment of 
new regional schools, encourage the inte 
gration of present regional schools with 
the Colleges, and support the establishment 
of new diploma programs in nursing in 
the Colleges. 

In approving the resolution, delegates 
were in accord with the opinions expressed 
earlier by luncheon speaker Dr. D. Mc- 
Cormack Smyth, Dean of the Joseph E. 
Atkinson College, York University, Toronto. 
Dr. Smyth said that the "fortress approach 
to education," where disciplines remain iso 
lated from each other, is not in the best 
interests of education. "I don t favor unif 
ication of education," he said, "but I do 
favor integration." 

Speaking in favor of the resolution dur 
ing the discussion period, Dr. Helen Mc- 
Arthur, past president of the Council of the 
College of Nurses of Ontario, told RNAO 
members that they should not feel they 
were being disloyal to present or past pat 
terns of education by approving changes 
for the future. 

As a result of another resolution ap 
proved by delegates, RNAO will urge the 
College of Nurses of Ontario to invest 
igate the feasibility of having the Nurses 
Act amended to include a maturity clause 



in the regulations for admission of stu 
dents to schools of nursing. 

First Nursing Service 
Workshop A Success 

Halifax. Fifty-eight nurses from the 
four Atlantic provinces attended a Work 
shop for Directors and Assistant Directors 
of Nursing Service in Hospitals in Halifax 
April 1 1 -14 to reinforce skills in problem 
solving. The Workshop was sponsored by 
the Canadian Nurses Association; the Re 
gistered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia 
participated in the planning. This was the 
first of six regional nursing service work 
shops to be held in 1967. 

Problems raised by the audience such 
as discipline, difficulties in rotation of staff, 
poor attendance at staff meetings were 
used in group discussion. Mr. G.A. Hillier, 
industrial relations officer, Nova Scotia 
Light and Power Corporation, was group 
leader for the workshop. He used case 
studies to illustrate steps in problem solv 
ing and to provide the group with opport 
unities to break the problem down into 
basic areas for intensive problem analysis 
and decision making. 

His objective was to permit represent 
atives to identify and think about manage 
ment and administrative activities that oc 
cupy the time of directors and assistant 
directors in the nursing service situation. 

"The group work was most effective and 
the growth of skill, knowledge, and under 
standing of problem solving techniques was 
apparent during the four days," said Miss 
Frances Howard, CNA consultant in nurs 
ing service, workshop director. 

Nurse speakers at the Workshop, Miss 
Howard, Mrs. A. Isobel MacLeod, director 
of nursing, The Montreal General Hospital, 
and Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor, 
School for Graduate Nurses, McGill, all 
developed the same general theme. "Nurs- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



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12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



news 



ing service must develop a pattern by which 
nurses can practice individual patient care," 
said Miss Howard. "Directors of nursing 
service face the greatest challenge yet - 
the creation of an environment that allows 
nurses freedom to practice nursing in its 
true meaning." 

Bilingual Health Education 
In New Brunswick 

Ottawa. Production, editing, and dis 
tribution of publications on public health 
in New Brunswick has been assigned to a 
bilingual public health educator. Translation 
services recently established by the provin 
cial government will also make things easier 
for the health education service. 

Mr. A.A. Maillet, director of public 
health education, New Brunswick Depart 
ment of Health and member of the provin 
cial Subcommittee on Physical Education, 
told delegates attending the 58th annual 
convention of the Canadian Association of 
Public Health and the Ontario Association 
of Public Health, which took place in Ot 
tawa from April 25th to April 27th, of the 
bilingual program. He further explained 
how the sanitary program was put into 
action by his department and what mea 
sures had been taken to provide satisfactory 
health education services. 

The education service provides public 
health nurses with the necessary materials 
to inform and advise the lay public. 

The population of New Brunswick is 60 
percent English speaking and 40 percent 
French speaking. The province is divided 
into five districts, two of which are English 
speaking, two, French speaking and one, 
bilingual. 

UBC To Offer 
Master s Program 

Vancouver. The Senate of the 
University of British Columbia has approv 
ed a program leading to the degree of 
Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.). 

Designed to prepare selected persons for 
leadership roles in nursing, this new pro 
gram will provide opportunity to study the 
nature and effect of nursing practice in a 
selected clinical area, and to explore the 
theoretical foundations of a selected func 
tional role such as teaching or administra 
tion. 

For full-time students, the program will 
extend over a period of two academic years. 
Part-time students must spend at least one 
year in full-time attendence, and should 
complete all requirements within five years 
of the initial registration. 

Contingent upon the availability of requir 
ed faculty, it is anticipated that this program 
will get underway in the fall of 1968. In 
the meantime, however, interested indivi 



duals might submit their educational docu 
ments and other required materials for as 
sessment and, if indicated, proceed with 
some courses such as those that may be 
required to make up deficiencies for admis 
sion, or appropriate elective courses offered 
by other departments of the university. 

Requests for further information should 
be directed to the School of Nursing, Uni 
versity of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, 
B.C. 

Keep Bargaining Units as Large 
As Possible, U.S. Nurse Says 

Toronto. - The stability of a nurses 
collective bargaining unit comes from head 
nurses and supervisors, a U.S. nurse told 
members of the Registered Nurses of Onta 
rio at their annual meeting in April. 

Alice Y. Conlon, associate executive di 
rector of the Massachusetts Nurses Asso 
ciation, said that nurses should fight to keep 
bargaining units as large as possible. "Why 
should head nurses and supervisors be ex 
cluded from bargaining units?" she asked. 
"They do not hire, fire, or set personnel pol 
icies. They add stability to a collective 
bargaining unit," she added, "since they 
change jobs less frequently than general 
duty nurses." 

In Ontario, to date, only two hospital 
nurses associations have been able to in 
clude head nurses in their bargaining unit. 

Refresher Courses in Quebec 

Montreal. During April, District 
1 1 of the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec (English section) organ 
ized refresher courses to aid the return to 
duty of non-practicing nurses. The courses 
took place at the Jeffrey Hale Hospital in 
Quebec City. Forty-three nurses attended. 

Modern techniques of basic patient care, 
use of modern equipment, methods to im 
prove nurse-patient relationships, and mod 
ern rehabilitation techniques were the sub 
jects discussed. Before returning to practice, 
nurse candidates will be required to parti 
cipate in some practical work. 

Guest speakers included: Misses Elizabeth 
Logan, Helen McCallum and Lorine Besel, 
Sister Mary Felicitas, and Drs. R.F. Mac- 
Rae, P. Kozak, and D.W. Macmillan. 

Nurses specializing in any of the fields 
and interested in the new techniques were 
also invited to take part in this workshop. 

B.C. Psychiatric Nurses 
Seek Salary Raises 

New Westminster, B.C. More than 
1,000 psychiatric nurses and some 150 
registered nurses employed in the Provincial 
Mental Health Services of British Columbia 
are presently engaged in salary negotiations 
with the govemment of the province of 
British Columbia. The economic security 
campaign was initiated in October, 1966 
and is still proceeding after a mass resigna 
tion of over 900 psychiatric nurses was 

JUNE 1967 



news 



averted early in April. 

The psychiatric nurse group had originally 
asked for salary increases of 25 percent. 
The B.C. Civil Service Commission s rec 
ommendations, given early in March, offer 
ed a 7.7 to 8.3 percent raise. In a secret 
ballot mail vote the 1000 psychiatric nurses 
rejected the Commission s recommenda 
tions by a 93 percent majority. 

At that time the RPNs requested binding 
arbitration. 

On April 7, 1967 the B.C. government 
announced the establishment of a Fact 
Finding Panel. This panel would be com 
posed of one representative named by the 
psychiatric nurses group, one by the Com 
mission, and an impartial chairman. Rec 
ommendations will not be binding. 

According to a recent press release from 
the Psychiatric Nurses Association, the exe 
cutive have agreed "reluctantly." "The exe 
cutive were reluctant to make their recom 
mendation because past studies and boards 
that had recommended in favor of the em 
ployee group had been ignored," the re 
lease added. 

An advisor from the Teamsters Union 
has been named as the psychiatric nurses 
representative to the Panel. 

Five Alberta Hospitals Reach 
Salary Agreement 

Edmonton. Negotiations that com 
menced last November between Staff Nurse 
Associations and Hospital Boards of five 
Alberta hospitals have resulted in salary 
agreements. The Calgary General Hospital 
and four major Edmonton Hospitals have 
signed contracts covering a two-year period. 

The basic starting salary for general duty 
staff nurses in 1967 is $380 a month with 
the salary increasing to $395 and $410 after 
the first and second increments. The basic 
starting salary in 1968 will be $405 with the 
first increment raising it to $425 a month. 
The starting salaries for head nurses in 
1967 and 1968 are $440 and $465 a month 
respectively. 

These salaries have been agreed to in 
settlements between the Calgary General, 
the Royal Alexandra, Misericordia, Edmon 
ton General and the University of Alberta 
hospitals. However, the Alberta Association 
of Registered Nurses has not recommended 
the new scale for adoption by all staff 
nurses associations in the province. 

The recommendations are in line with the 
salary goal set recently by the Canadian 
Nurses Association 

RPNs Receive RN Diploma 
In New SRNA Program 

Regina. Three registered psychiatric 
nurses qualified for admission to the Sas 
katchewan Registered Nurses Association 

JUNE 1967 



this spring under a new complementary 
program. The new program permits RPNs 
to receive their RN diploma in less time 
than was formerly required. 

David Hunter, William Ayotte, and Mrs. 
Beverley MacBeth are the first to complete 
the new shortened course. Nine other psy 
chiatric nurses are currently registered in 
the complementary program. 

The SRNA developed the course follow 
ing a study of provincial psychiatric pro 
grams in 1964. The first students entered 
the program in 1965. 

The curriculum is planned so that stu 
dents will meet all requirements for eligibil 
ity to write the provincial RN examinations. 
Students must also meet the admission re 
quirements of the school. Hours of instruc 
tion and clinical experience are based on 
the differences in RN minimum program 
and the RPN program. The minimum 
length for the course is 12 months, and the 
maximum length, 15 months. 

RNAO Express Concern 
About Recruitment 

Toronto. Recruitment, both into 
the profession and into the Association, is 
of major concern to members of the Re 
gistered Nurses Association of Ontario, ac 
cording to outgoing RNAO president Els- 
beth Geiger. 

In her keynote address at the RNAO an 
nual meeting in April, Miss Geiger remind 
ed delegates that the numbers entering nurs 
ing have remained fairly constant, but in 
relation to population growth, the percent 
age of high school graduates entering nurs 
ing has been declining. "What responsibility 
has the individual nurse assumed to in 
crease recruitment into nursing?" she asked. 
"What pressures have been exerted by 
nurses as a group to influence this recruit 
ment?" 

Speaking of Association membership. Miss 
Geiger said that the problem of recruiting 
members gradually has increased since re 
gistration responsibility was vested in the 
College of Nurses of Ontario and RNAO 
became a separate and entirely voluntary 
professional association. "There are two 
ways of attacking this problem of num 
bers," said Miss Geiger. "The one that has 
been followed is to engage in active mem 
bership recruitment programs, and this has 
met with little success. The second ... is to 
offer a program that attracts the interest 
and participation of nurses because it is 
available to members only," she said. 

Delegates concern about RNAO mem 
bership was expressed in the passing of a 
resolution that directs the Association s 
Board to aproach the government to enact 
legislation making membership in RNAO 
compulsory for currently-employed register 
ed nurses. 

Present RNAO membership is approxi 
mately 13,000. 




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________________ -J 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



Public Health Organizations 
Could Coordinate Health Services 

Ottawa If modern health services 
are to be coordinated, then it is natural to 
look to the public health departments to 
undertake this role, according to Milton H. 
Brown, associate director of the department 
of public health. School of Hygiene, Uni 
versity of Toronto. Speaking to the annual 
meeting of the Canadian Public Health As 
sociation, held in Ottawa April 25-27, Dr. 
Brown said that the three major areas pro 
viding health service are the hospital, the 
physicians, and the public health services. 

"Coordination to prevent overlapping and 
fragmentation and to promote a more effi 
cient use of skilled personnel is an urgent 
need," he said. "Public health with its ad 
ministrative background in coordinating 
community health activities would seem to 
be a position tc give leadership in this 
task," he added. 

Dr. Brown also spoke of closer relations 
between the physician and public health 
nurse in the community. 

Later, interviewed with Miss Phyllis Jones, 
assistant professor, University of Toronto 
School of Nursing, Dr. Brown and Miss 
Jones, agreed that the team concept now 
used in preparation of health personnel is 
leading to closer relationships. They agreed 
that current factors that work against co 



operation between the health nurse and the 
family physician include: physician unaware 
of the community services offered and too 
busy to adequately investigate; schools for 
health personnel in the past have not pro 
vided enough knowledge of the duties of 
other health team members; and current 
organizational practices are not conductive 
to close cooperation. 

SPIC Modernizes Structure 

Quebec. Representatives of the Syndicat 
des infirmieres catholiques (SPIC) (Syndicate 
of Catholic Nurses of Quebec) have agreed, 
in principle, to modernize the structure of 
their bargaining unit to bring all the small 
groups throughout the province into a single 
unit. The agreement, which resulted from 
discussions April 27 and 28 at Maison 
Montmorency near Quebec City, will be 
submitted to members for approval at their 
next general meeting. 

The new structure calls for a provinsial 
executive committee made up of members 
elected by delegates at the general meeting. 

Furthermore, a provincial committee of 
regional representatives will be established. 
Members of the executive committee will be 
members ex-officio of the provincial com 
mittee. Thus, democratic principles will be 
preserved and district representation will be 
assured. 

These new structures are very much like 
those of the Corporation of Catholic Teach 
ers and the Canadian Nurses Association. 

Miss Gertrude Hotte, President, told 94 



"Hello Nurses" at Expo 67 







I 

Graduate and students nurses serving in the "Man and His Health Theme 
Pavilion" during Expo 67 had a special opportunity to meet Carol Charming, 
star of the Broadway musical hit "Hello Dolly" after performances given at 
the World Festival during Expo. Here Miss Channing poses in the dressing 
room with Stella Driscoll, R.N., Charlottetown, P.E.I., Ann Spearman, S.N., 
Hamilton, Ontario, Ginette Rheault, S.N., Montreal, Rita J. Lussier, B.Sc.N. 
(Senior coordinator for the C.N.A. Project), Montreal, and Patricia Innes, 
S.N., Regina. Miss Driscoll is wearing the specially-designed uniform for 
graduate nurses at the C.N.A. Nurses station. Nurses serving at the C.N.A. 
booth are guests of White Sister Uniforms Inc. at world festival performances. 



14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



attending nurses that the meeting had been 
called to settle certain difficulties in enforce 
ment of collective bargaining and to inform 
members of reorganization principles. 

Nursing Scholarship 

To Honor Dorothy Percy 

Toronto -- A new nursing scholarship 
will be awarded annually at the University 
of Toronto in honor of Miss Dorothy M. 
Percy. The award, expected to be about 
$250 annually, will be presented for the 
first time this September, Miss G. Vivian 
Adair, chairman of the fund-raising com 
mittee, told THE CANADIAN NURSE in an in 
terview. 

The scholarship fund was established by 
friends and colleagues of Miss Percy who 
wished to make some tangible acknowledge 
ment of her many contributions to nursing. 

Miss Percy, who served for 20 years as 
chief nursing consultant, Department of Na 
tional Health and Welfare, retired in Jan 
uary of this year. Other highlights of her 
distinguished nursing career are: assistant 
superintendent of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses for Canada; lecturer, University of 
Toronto School of Nursing; service in Ca 
nadian Army Medical Corps for which she 
received several decorations and was dis 
charged with the rank of Captain (Matron); 
secretary of the Division of Health, Welfare 
Council of Greater Toronto; supervisor of 
counsellors, Civil Service Health Division. 

The scholarship will be awarded to an 
experienced registered nurse with demon 
strated leadership potential for study at 
either the bachelor s or master s level at the 
University of Toronto. Further information 
for candidates may be obtained by writing 
to the School of Nursing. 

Contributions to the Dorothy M. Percy 
Scholarship Fund can be sent to Mr. L.R. 
Purvis, Director of Student Funds, Simcoe 
Hall, University of Toronto. Receipts for 
income tax purposes will be given for do 
nations over $2.00. 

Two Good Uses 

Montreal Surgical equipment donated 
to the first aid stations at Expo 67 will be 
sent to hospitals in Africa at the conclusion 
of the six-month world exhibition. 

The equipment was supplied by the Sal 
vation Army, and will go to the Army s 
African hospitals. 

Automation Will be 
"A Fact of Life" 

Toronto Introducing her talk "The 
Maintenance of Quality of Nursing Service 
with Automation" at the annual meeting of 
the Registered Nurses Association of On 
tario in April, Margaret D. McLean sug 
gested that the title of her address was a 
misnomer. 

"I am not interested in the maintenance 
of the status quo," said Miss McLean, a 
nursing consultant with the Department of 
National Health and Welfare, "nor am I in- 

JUNE 1967 



news 



terested in maintaining the quality of some 
of the nursing service and nursing care that 
I see in this country. However, I am inter 
ested in improving the nursing care pa 
tients receive, and in optimizing the utiliza 
tion of nursing personnel," she added. 

Miss McLean was one of three guest 
speakers whose theme for the day was "Au 
tomation Nursing Inhibitor or Nursing 
Facilitator?" 

According to Miss McLean, automation 
can become a nursing facilitator only if 
nurses are prepared to accept and use it. "I 
keep thinking of a game I played as a 
child," she said, "in which the person who 
was it said: Ready or not, you will be 
caught. And whether nurses are ready to 
use automation to facilitate a high quality 
of nursing care or not, we will be caught up 
in a future in which automation is a fact 
of life." 

Miss McLean pointed out that automation 
itself does not ensure high quality nursing 
care. Each nurse must be educated by self 
or others so that she understands what is 
meant by "quality nursing care" and knows 
how to give it, she said. 

Other speakers at the automation session 
were: Lloyd F. Detwiller, consultant-admi 
nistrator, Health Sciences Center, University 
of British Columbia; and Elmina M. Price, 
nurse researcher, St. Luke s Hospital, St. 
Paul, Minnesota. 

BC Staff Representatives 
Discuss Collective Bargaining 

Vancouver. A two-day educational 
conference and group discussion was held 
early in April by representatives from 
the 78 B.C. staff groups actively engaged 
in collective bargaining under the prov 
incial nurses association. 

The conference, sponsored by the Reg 
istered Nurses Association of B.C., was 
the first that brought all staff representatives 
together at one time to discuss collective 
bargaining. 

A similar meeting will be held at least 
once in each contract period. 

The first day was devoted mainly to dis 
cussion of new trends in labor-management 
relations. Dr. Noel Hall of the Department 
of Commerce at the University of British 
Columbia, spoke on principles and tech 
niques of bargaining and on labor laws. 
Mr. R. A. Mahoney, president of Manage 
ment Research (Western) Limited, reviewed 
recent settlements in labor disputes. 

Miss Glenna Rowsell, CNA consultant on 
social and economic welfare, reviewed the 
national picture on nurses employment 
relations. 

The RNABC, as the certified bargaining 

authority for 78 groups of nurses, negoti- 

(Continued on page 17) 

JUNE 1967 



a show of hands... 





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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



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And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



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JUNE 1967 



news 



(Continued from page 15) 

ates collective agreements with employers 
of nurses. The agreements are signed by the 
Registered Nurses Association and the indi 
vidual employers. 

The Association s recommended personnel 
practices are subject to ratification at the 
RNABC s annual meeting and are used as 
the basis for collective bargaining. 

Need to Eradicate 
Not Control, TB 

Ottawa. The health professions should 
eradicate tuberculosis, not control it, nurses 
attending the Canadian Tuberculosis Asso 
ciation s Centennial Nursing Institute on 
Respiratory Disease on April 21 were told 
by guest speaker John W. Davis. 

Dr. Davis, medical consultant with the 
Division of Epidemiology, National Health 
and Welfare, said that even with present- 
day knowledge of tuberculosis, over 5,000 
cases of the disease are being diagnosed 
annually, and of these approximately 66 
percent are in the moderately or far ad 
vanced stages. Medical personnel should 
focus their attention on the current failure 
to eradicate the disease, rather than on 
past successes, he said. 



At the afternoon session, delegates to the 
conference heard public health, V.O.N., 
and hospital nurses speak about the care of 
patients with respiratory disease. The phil 
osophy of this care, elaborated on by Mrs. 
Geneva Lewis, director of public health 
nursing with the Ottawa Health Depart 
ment and chairman of the symposium, is 
that the patient remains at home, receiving 
his long-term care within the community, 
and is hospitalized only for acute phases 
of his illness. Other symposium participants 
were Mrs. G. Shouldice. head nurse at the 
Royal Ottawa Sanatorium; Miss Isobel Sim- 
ister, district director, Ottawa Branch, 
V.O.N.; and Mrs. Helen O Connell, senior 
public health nurse at the Eastview Health 
Department. 

Nursing sections of the Canadian Tuber 
culosis Association, organized on a nation 
al level in 1929, also are established in 
provincial associations in British Columbia, 
Alberta. Quebec, and Ontario. 

Kellog Foundation 
Gives Grant to WHO 

BATTLE CREEK, MICH. Over a 
three-year period, the Federation of World 
Health Foundations will use a grant of 
$418,200 from the W.K. Kellogg Founda 
tion for support during its development 
period. The Federation, which has head 
quarters at Geneva, Switzerland, was creat 
ed by the World Health Organization to 



serve as a central mechanism of coopera 
tion and coordination for national World 
Health Foundations recently established in 
the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, 
and Switzerland, and planned for Japan, 
Sweden, Germany, larger nations of Latin 
America, and possibly other countries. 

These foundations are autonomous, legal 
entities created to seek gifts and grants 
for the development of systematic voluntary 
support for world health. 

Certification List Expands 

Montreal. The United Nurses of 
Montreal, a collective bargaining unit of 
District 11 of the Association of Nurses of 
the Province of Quebec, has now received 
certification to negotiate with 23 hospitals 
and agencies. The Labour Relations Board 
of Quebec has authorized the group to act 
on behalf of non-supervisory staff (staff 
nurses, assistant head nurses, and teachers 
of nursing). 

Petitions for certification for seven more 
hospitals and agencies have recently been 
filed with the Labour Relations Board. 

The United Nurses group plan to ask ad 
ministrators of the hospitals and health 
agencies to recognize supervisory staff for 
purposes of collective bargaining. A preli 
minary meeting has already been held. 

Membership in the group includes all 
nurses in all categories and positions. 



Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 



Ratio: RN s to Population 

The graph shows the number of registered nurses licensed to practice per 10,000 
population in Canada, 1962-1966. In 1962, the ratio of 1 nurse per 246 persons 
in Canada meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 41 nurses. In 1966, 
the ratio of 1:182 meant that for every 10,000 Canadians there were 55 nurses, or 
14 more nurses per 10,000 Canadians. 



YEAR 



1962 



1963 



1964 



1965 



1966 



Nurses: 76,183 
Population: 18,767,000 



Nurses: 80,670 
Population: 19,093,000 



1 nurse per 246 Canadians 



1 nurse per 237 Canadians 



Nurses: 88,558 
Population: 19,440,000 



1 nurse per 220 Canadians 



Nurses: 104,349 
Population: 19,705,000 



1 nurse per 188 Canadians 



Nurses: 109,513 
Population: 19,919,000 



1 nurse per 182 Canadians 



Source: Population Estimates: Census Division, Dominion Bureau of Statistics 
Number of nurses: Research Unit, Canadian Nurses Association 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



names 




RNAO Elects Male President. Albert 
W. Wedgery made nursing history 
when he was elected president at the 
Association s annual meeting in April. 
He is the first man to hold this top po 
sition in a provincial association in 
Canada. Mr. Wedgery, assistant direc 
tor of the College of Nurses of Onta 
rio, was elected second vice-president 
of the RNAO in 1965 and first vice- 
president in 1966. The Association s 
new president-elect is Laura E. Butler. 



A visit to her native British Columbia 
means an around-the-world trip for Eleanor 
Kunderman, nursing advisor to India for 
the World Health Organization. Her office 
in Madras, India, is exactly half-way 
around the world; she can come home by 
the Pacific and return by the Atlantic. It 
was during the return stretch of this voyage 
that she visited CNA House in Ottawa. 

Miss Kunderman is a graduate of the 
school of nursing of St. Paul s Hospital, 
Vancouver. In 1956 she obtained her B.S.N. 
from the University of British Columbia 
and in 1963, her M.A. from Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University, New York. 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



She held teaching positions at St. Paul s 
and at the Division of Tuberculosis Control 
in Vancouver before becoming involved 
with WHO in 1959. When first offered the 
position as nursing advisor in Tehran, Iran, 
she declined, saying she "was no pioneer." 
However, she finally did accept the position 
and has been with WHO ever since. 

After two years, Miss Kunderman decided 
to return to the United States for her M.A. 
Following completion of her studies in 
1963 she went to Ceylon as nursing advisor 
to the government for WHO. During her 
two-year stay on "that island paradise" she 
traveled all over the island visiting the 
schools of nursing. By 1965 she had had 
enough of the tropics so headed north to 
Simla in northern India. Completely sur 
rounded by the Himalayas, Simla is at an 
elevation of 7,200 feet. Her two-year stay 
was cut short when India and Pakistan 
went to war and Miss Kunderman was evac 
uated "back to the south, to Madras, 
and with all my winter clothes." 

Her main responsibility in Madras is to 
inaugurate a post-basic program at the 
University of Madras. The program, sched 
uled to admit its first students this July, 
is the first post-basic nursing course in 
Madras. It will be sponsored by the World 
Health Organization and the Indian govern 
ment will support the nursing students. 

"It is extremely important for the under 
developed countries to develop their own 
programs since it is much too expensive to 
send their nurses to America for both 
bachelor and master s degrees," Miss Kun 
derman said. 



Floris E. King, field 
program and nursing 
consultant for the 
Canadian Tuberculosis 
Association since last 
June, visited CNA 
House for the first 
time in March. 

Dr. King graduated 
from the school of 
nursing of the Toronto East General Hos 
pital in 1952 and immediately went on to 
obtain her B.Sc.N. from the University of 
Toronto in 1955. The next three years she 
spent as a public health nurse in the health 
department at Etobicoke, Ontario. 

Following this, Dr. King attended the 
University of Michigan for one year to earn 
her master of public health in 1959. She 
spent the next five years as program direc 





tor of the Ontario TB Association with 
headquarters in Toronto. 

She was back at her studies in 1964, this 
time at the University of North Carolina, 
where she obtained her Ph.D. in January, 
1967. 



The director 
of nursing at Lake- 
shore General Hospit 
al, Pointe Claire, Que 
bec, since December 
is Marguerite MacLeod 
a graduate of The 
Montreal General Hos 
pital. Mrs. MacLeod 
also undertook post 
graduate education in operating room tech 
nique and management at the same hos 
pital in 1964. 

Upon receiving her diploma in 1946, she 
served for four years as staff nurse in ob 
stetrics, caseroom, and nursery at The Mon 
treal General Hospital. Following this she 
went to the Lachine General as a staff 
nurse and later became assistant head nurse 
in the emergency department. Immediately 
prior to her present appointment, Mrs. 
MacLeod was supervisor of the operating 
room and emergency and central supply 
departments at the Lakeshore General Hos 
pital. 



Norma Clark joined 
the Ontario Hospital 
Association staff in 
1966 as assistant car 
eers consultant. Mrs. 
Clark, a graduate of 
St. Joseph s School of 
Nursing in Toronto 
and of the diploma 
course in nursing edu 
cation at the University of Toronto, has 
had extensive experience in the field of 
nursing education. She has worked at 
Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto; Sud- 
bury General; St. Joseph s Hospitals in Port 
Arthur and Elliot Lake, and also at the 
St. Thomas-Elgin General in St. Thomas. 

During her stay in Elliot Lake, she de 
veloped the educational program and was 
director of the first Registered Nursing As 
sistant course held at that hospital. Her 
experience in nursing education is an asset 
in her present position, which is devoted 
to recruitment into hospital careers. This 
involves contact with hospital personnel, 
guidance teachers and students in both ele 
mentary and secondary schools. 

JUNE 1967 





Kathleen C. Wood, 

a native of MacNutt, 
Saskatchewan, has 
been director of nurs 
ing at Yorkton Union 
Hospital, Saskatche 
wan, since September, 
1966. Mrs. Wood is a 
graduate of the school 
of nursing of the 

Ontario Hospital, New Toronto. She also 
holds a diploma in psychiatric nursing 
which she earned prior to becoming a re 
gistered nurse, and a diploma in teaching 
and supervision, which she received in 1961 
from the University of Saskatchewan. 

Immediately prior to her appointment as 
director of nursing at Yorkton Union Hos 
pital, Mrs. Wood acted as director of edu 
cation for one year. From 1962 to 1965, 
she was director of nursing for Yorkton s 
Psychiatric Centre and was responsible for 
establishing the nursing program. She has 
had a variety of other experience as clinical 
instructor, supervisor, and general and pri 
vate duty nurse. 

Mrs. Wood has been active in the Sask 
atchewan Registered Nurses Association 
and on the curriculum committee with the 
Department of Education. 



Alice C. Mills, a 

graduate of the Wel- 
lesley Hospital, To 
ronto, has been ap 
pointed regional nurs 
ing supervisor for the 
Saskatchewan Depart 
ment of Public 
I Health. Miss Mills 
also attended the Mar 
garet Hague Maternity Hospital, Jersey 
City, New Jersey where she obtained a di 
ploma in obstetrical nursing in 1949. Fol 
lowing this she attended McGill University 
for two years to earn her B.N. 

In 1956 she went to England where she 
became certified as a state midwife. 

Miss Mills has served as chairman of the 
Committee on Public Relations with the 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion and with the nursing service committee, 
Prince Albert Chapter, of which she was 
also president last year. 



Vera E. Griffith, cur 
riculum coordinator at 
Victoria Hospital, 
London, Ontario, has 
been appointed direc 
tor of the school of 
nursing. 

VMiss Griffith, a 1955 
graduate of Kingston 
General Hospital 
School of Nursing, received her B.Sc.N. 
from Queen s University, Kingston, the 

|UNE 1967 





following year. She has been with Victoria 
Hospital since 1958, as nursing arts teacher 
for two years and as librarian for four. 

Appointed assistant director at the school 
of nursing of Victoria Hospital is Lottie 
Smith, a 1937 graduate of the school of 
nursing of the Kingston General Hospital. 
Miss Smith has a certificate from Sloane 
Hospital for Women, Columbia Presbyterian 
Medical Center, New York City, a diploma 
from the University of Toronto in clinical 
supervision, and a B.Sc.N. from the Univer 
sity of Western Onario. 

After joining the staff of Victoria Hospital 
in 1958, she was appointed senior nursing 
instructor, a post she held for seven years. 
She then served as clinical coordinator for 
a year and as acting assistant director dur 
ing the last year. 

Vivian Kirkpatrick has been appointed 
professor of nursing and director of the new 
school of nursing to be established at Lau- 
rentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. A 
native of Toronto, Dr. Kirkpatrick will 
begin her duties at Laurentian University on 
the first of May. 

She is a nursing graduate of Women s 
College Hospital in Toronto. She holds cer 
tificates in public health nursing and in in 
dustrial nursing from the University of To 
ronto, and her bachelor of nursing degree 



in public health nursing supervision and ad 
ministration from McGill University. Dr. 
Kirkpatrick received both her master of 
education and her doctor of education 
degrees from Teachers College, Columbia 
University. 

Her experience has included service at 
Christie Street Military Hospital during the 
war and then with the Brant County Health 
Unit. She was health supervisor and coor 
dinator at Women s College Hospital in 
Toronto. 

With the World Health Organization, she 
spent two years in Formosa as a teacher 
and supervisor, and administered a county- 
wide program in maternal and child health. 
She then went to India where, under the 
Canadian Colombo Plan, she was an ad 
visor in school health and served as a 
teacher, consultant and administrator in 
hospital administration, ward management 
and clinical supervision. 

Dr. Kirkpatrick taught public health nurs 
ing at both the University of Western On 
tario and the University of Hawaii. As a 
member of the Mental Health Branch of 
the Ontario Department of Health, she con 
ducted an intensive and comprehensive sur 
vey of nursing services in Ontario mental 
hospitals. She is presently on the staff of 
Galesburg State Research Hospital, 111. Q 




ostqmy 

anatomical 

demonstrator 



"MINI-GUIDE" 



"Mini-Guide" allows you to visually and 
graphically perform Colostomy, Ileostomy Ileal- 
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surgery. 

As an instructor, you are afforded a simple, effective method of teaching the surgical 
mechanics and organs involved in ostomy surgery; as a student, you immediately see 
and understand the procedures of ostomy surgery; and as a nurse, you have the per 
fect vehicle for visual demonstrations to the patient who is to undergo ostomy surgery. 
The "Mini-Guide" anatomical demonstrator is priced at $1.00 on this money-back 
offer 760 CN. 



NITED SURGICAL 




PORT CHESTER 



NEW YORK 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 

the 
Autolope 

It responds 
to heat 
treatment. 







When the contents of the enve 
lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
changes colour. This unique Gage 
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pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de 
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adhesive, and chemical experts. 
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20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



dates 



June 7, 1967 

Manitoba Operating Room Study 
Group, one-day symposium, to be 
held in conjunction with the Manitoba 
Hospital Association Conference and 
the Western Hospital Institute at the 
Royal Alexander Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. Theme-. What s new? 

June 8-9, 1967 

Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses Annual Meeting to be held in 
connection with the Western Regional 
Hospital Conference. 

June 9-23, 1967 

CMA 1 00th Annual Meeting, Quebec 
City, first week; Montreal, 2nd week. 

June 12-16, 1967 

Canadian Symposium on Leisure to be 
held at Place Bonaventure, Montreal. 
For information write The Secretariate, 
2050 Amherst St., Montreal. 

June 13-15, 1967 

Canadian Dietetic Association, Annual 
Meeting and Convention. Chateau 
Laurier, Ottawa. 

June 18-21, 1967 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, Centennial 
Home Coming. Alumnae or former 
associates of the Ottawa Civic Hos 
pital who are interested in the pro 
gram should write to: Executive Dir 
ector, Ottawa Civic Hospital. 

June 24, 1967 

St. Joseph s Hospital School of Nurs 
ing, Toronto, Centennial Reunion. Any 
graduates who do not receive alum 
nae newsletters, please send name 
and address to: St. Joseph s Hospital 
School of Nursing Alumnae, 30 The 
Queensway, Toronto 3, Ontario. 

June 24-July 3, 1967 

International Council of Nurses, Board 
of National Representatives to meet 
in Evian, France. 

July 10-13, 1967 

Eleventh Annual Scientific assembly 
of the College of General Practice. To 
be held at the Hotel Vancouver, Van 
couver, British Columbia. 

July, 1967 

75th Anniversary, Nova Scotia Hos 
pital School of Nursing, Dartmouth, 



N.S. All interested graduates please 
contact Mrs. G. Varheff, 20 Ellen- 
vale Ave., Dartmouth, N.S. 

August 18-20, 1967 

Reunion of graduates nurses of St. 
Vincent de Paul Hospital, Brockville, 
Ontario. Contact: Mrs. Mary O Neil 
Shields, 14 Hollywood Place, Brock 
ville, or Mrs. Kay LeFave, 54 Wright 
Cres., Brockville. 

August 24-29, 1967 

International Hospital Federation, Chi 
cago. 

August 27-September 2, 1967 

First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at Laval Univer 
sity, Quebec City. For information, re 
gistration forms, write-. Mr. Pierre 
Brien, P.O. Box 7 1 7, Quebec 4, P.Q. 

September, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of Prince 
Edward Island, Annual Meeting. 

September 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic- 
tou Co., Nova Scotia. 

Late September, 1967 

The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates 
in Eastern Ontario are planning a 
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario. 
Would graduates of the school in 
Eastern Canada please send names, 
year of graduation, and addresses to: 
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln 
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of the McGill 
School for Graduates Nurses, Mont 
real. For further information write 
Moyra Allen, Acting President of the 
Alumnae Association, School for Grad 
uate Nurses, 3618 University Street, 
Montreal 2, P.Q. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau Fron- 
tenac, Quebec City. 

May, 1968 

Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses 
Alumnae 1 968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please contact Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 

JUNE 1967 



You, too, need 
plenty of fresh air 
and sunshine! 

Jet CPA to Hawaii 
(for about 10%*down) 

And have fun! Hawaii is the 
place to let yourself go. To lift 
your sagging spirits. To enjoy life 
to the fullest. From swinging 
Waikiki Beach to the quieter 
Neighbour Islands, Hawaii is a 
wonderland of sunshine, 
surf, coral beaches. 

What s more, a holiday in Hawaii 
needn t be expensive. There 
are ocean-front hotels with 
reasonable rates, inexpensive 
housekeeping apartments, 
even live-in trailers. 

See your travel agent or 
Canadian Pacific soon. 

"Example down payments - $45.90 trom 
Toronto; $40.20 trom Winnipeg; $35.80 
trom Calgary; $28.80 trom Vancouver - 
economy excursion round trip. 

Let CPA jet you there. 




CANADIAN PACIFIC AIRLINES 

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new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 






Haldol 

(McNEIL) 

Descritpion a highly active psychother- 
apeutic agent belonging to a new order of 
major tranquilizers the butyrophenones. 

Indications For the control of psycho- 
motor agitation, manic states, hallucin 
ations, delirium, confusion, hostility, guilt, 
apprehension, anxiety and tension. In vary 
ing degree, these target symptoms are 
commonly associated with mental, emo 
tional, and behavioral disorders, such as 
schizophrenia, chronic brain syndrome, 
alcoholism, senility; mental retardation, and 
Gilles de la Tourette s syndrome. 

Contraindications In Parkinson s 
disease, depressive states, comatose condi 
tions, patients with previous spastic dis 
eases, during the first trimester of preg 
nancy, and children under three years of 
age. It should not be used in patients 
known to be generally sensitive to drugs . 

Side Effects Neuromuscular (extra- 
pyramidal) reactions, such as Parkinson- 
like symptoms, akathisia, dyskinesia, dys- 
tonia, hyperreflexia, opisthotonos and, oc 
casionally, oculogyric crisis, are the most 
frequently reported side effects associated 
with the administration of Haldol. Rarely, 
heartburn, nausea, and vomiting have been 
reported. 

Administration - To achieve optimal 
results and to avoid unnecessary side ef 
fects, the dosage of Haldol should be 
based on the patient s age and physical 
condition, the severity of his symptoms, 
and his response to treatment. The lowest 
recommended dosage should be used initi 
ally. Mental, emotional and behavioral dis 
orders: When symptoms are severe or their 
rapid control is desired, Haldol should be 
administered intramuscularly. Dosages in 
the range of 2.5 to 5.0 mg. are recom 
mended generally, and should be employed 
on a prn. basis (but not more frequently 
than once every 4 to 6 hours) until the 
desired effect is achieved. Thereafter, oral 
administration should be initiated in dos 
ages. Obstetrics: A single intramuscular 
dose of 2.5 to 5.0 mg., administered during 
the first stage of labor with a narcotic 
analgesic, usually provides adequate con 
trol of pain, apprehension, nausea and 
vomiting in most patients; occasional pa 
tients may require one or more additional 
doses of analgesics. 

For complete information on dosages, 
precautions, and pharmacologic profile, a 
file booklet is available from McNeil Lab 
oratories (Canada) Limited, 1 1 Green Belt 
Drive, Don Mills, Ontario. 

22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Check Drape 

(PROFESSIONAL DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS) 
Description - - Sterile disposable sheets, 
designed to control the passage of liquids, 
air and bacteria, whenever a sterile field 
is required. Particularly applicable for 
physicians and dentists offices, industrial 
first-aid departments, hospitals, and nursing 
homes, the 19" by 30" Check Drape is 
constructed of five-ply, wove-embossed 
facial tissue, interlined with a moisture- 
resistant film of polypropylene through the 
center. In addition to its protective prop 
erties, the disposable drape sheet eliminates 
expensive laundry and handling cost. 

For information on availability and cost 
write Mr. Frank Conroy, Professional Dis 
posable Products, Inc., 22-28 South 6th 
Avenue, Mount Vernon N,.Y. 10550. 

Locacorten 

(CIBA) 

Description Locacorten is a new type 
of difluorinated corticosteroid ester, flum- 
ethasone pivalate. Because of the pivalate 
radical, its anti-inflammatory action is 
concentrated at the site of application. This 
local effect on target areas results in a 
prompt decrease in inflammation, exuda 
tion, and itching. 

Indications Atopic eczema, contact 
dermatitis (primary irritant and allergic), 
neurodermatitis, nummular eczema, sebor- 
rheic dermatitis, lichen planus, pruritus 
ani and vulvae, acute sunburn, psoriasis, 
and all acute and chronic skin diseases 
amenable to corticosteroid therapy. 

Dosage Apply to the affected areas in 
a thin, even film two or three times daily. 
Protective dressings may be used, or oc- 
clusive dressings for resistant conditions. 
After the skin has healed, Locacorten 
should be applied at least once daily for a 
further period of one to two weeks to pre 
vent recurrence of the disease. Note: When 
bacterial infection is present, appropriate 
medication should be used concurrently and, 
if a favorable response does not occur 
promptly, discontinue Locacorten until the 
infection has been controlled. 

Side-effects Rarely, mild irritation. 
With occlusive dressings, a few cases of 
striae of the skin have been reported . 

Cautions In prolonged occlusive ther 
apy, the possibility of metabolic systemic 
effects should be kept in mind. 

Contraindications Tuberculosis of the 
skin, chicken-pox, post-vaccination skin 
eruptions, viral or fungal infections, syphil 
itic skin affections, pregnancy, diseases of 
the cornea are contraindications. 



For additional information, write to Ciba 
Company Limited, Dorval, Quebec. 

Hand Protector 

(DOW CORNING) 

Description A new silicone lotion that 
provides all-day protection for dentists, 
nurses, and others against the effects of 
repeated hand washing. The new lotion is 
applied to clean hands twice daily (morn 
ing and noon) or as often as needed. A 
brisk rubbing action is used when applying, 
and the product can later be removed with 
an abrasive-type soap. 

The product protects skin from soap or 
detergent and water washing, and remains 
longer on the hands to shield the skin from 
other irritants. It does not stain clothing, 
and allows normal skin transpiration. Dow 
Corning hand protector is applied easily, 
is non-greasy, and dries quickly. 

For further information, write: Dow 
Corning Silicones Limited, 1 Tippet Rd., 
Downsview P.O., Metropolitan Toronto, 
Ont. 

Literature Available 

For the Fastidious is a 13-page booklet 
recently published by Winthrop Laborator 
ies and available free of charge. It discusses 
feminine hygiene by answering a series of 
questions, such as: "What makes a woman 
attractive?" "Why do we douche?" "What 
is the proper technique?" Requests should 
be sent to Mr. J. T. Dentay, Winthrop 
Laboratories, Aurora, Ontario. 

An Introduction to Family Planning is a 
20-page illustrated booklet provided by 
Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. It 
provides a simple explanation of conception 
and the various methods of family plan 
ning. Diagrams of all devices are included. 
The last two pages of the booklet outline, 
in point form, how to obtain family plan 
ning products. Copies can be obtained from 
Ortho Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Ltd., 19 
Green Belt Drive, Don Mills, Ontario. 

The medical and religious aspects of 
family planning are contained in the pub 
lished proceedings of a Symposium Coun 
seling in Family Planning, held April, 
1966, for clergy and physicians. 

This publication will be of particular 
interest to nurses involved in family plan 
ning counseling. 

For your personal, free copy, please 
write to Miss E. Dawson, R.N., Director 
of Educational Services, Ortho Pharma 
ceutical (Canada) Ltd., 19 Green Belt 
Drive, Don Mills, Ontario. D 

JUNE 1967 



in a capsule 



Take Your Shoes To Expo 67! 

If you re planning to visit Expo 67, you 
will be one step ahead of the "sore feet" 
game if you remember to pack an old 
pair of nurses shoes. Whether flat or 
cuban heeled, these standbys will serve you 
well from La place d accueil to La Ronde. 
On a recent trip abroad, we found them 
so comfortable that we took them off only 
when sleeping and when the presence of 
a more glamorous shoe seemed in order. 

Hazardous Fashion 

Twentieth century American proverb: 
People who wear paper dresses shouldn t 
go near fire. Especially, says a U.S. Public 
Health Service official, "if they have been 
laundered, dry cleaned or worn in a soaking 
rain." 

Dr. Richard E. Marland, Chief of the 
Public Health Service s Injury Control Pro 
gram within the National Center for Urban 
and Industrial Health, said anyone wearing 
the new type of paper garment should 
discard it once it becomes soiled. 

"The manufacturers themselves acknow 
ledge that many of these paper dresses and 
other garments lose whatever flame re- 
tardant finish they have after washing," Dr. 
Marland said. "In fact, we are asking the 
Bureau of Standards to test samples of pa 
per clothing to determine just how resistant 
these garments are to fire when they are 
new." 

Dr. Marland stated that the Injury 
Control Program had received inquiries 
from individuals about the burn potential 
of paper clothing. "We cannot afford to 
wait until someone is seriously burned be 
fore taking action," he said. 

As one illustration, Dr. Marland stated 
that a surgeon in a major university hospital 
recently sent the Injury Control Program 
a paper isolation garment for members of 
the hospital staff to wear. "You could easily 
start a bonfire with it. The hospital has 
banned the use of this garment, and we are 
now asking the manufacturer for more 
facts," he said. 

Drop-outs Among Women Doctors 

Women medical doctors are most useful 
citizens, but only 55 percent of the 1,753 in 
Canada are in fulltime practice, according to 
a report in the Ottawa Journal. 

Six percent are in part-time practice. Four 
percent are classified as "temporarily retir 
ed" or "never practiced." Others are retired 
or taking post-graduate training. 

The study of women doctors undertaken 

JUNE 1967 



by the Canadian Medical Association Jour 
nal revealed that the largest percentage of 
those temporarily retired were graduated 
in the period 1960-64 and would be able 
to return to practice of medicine later if 
they could keep their medical knowledge 
up-to-date. 

The complete drop-out of women doctors 
from the profession after periods of en 
forced inactivity causes concern to those 
who undertook this survey. 

It takes no special qualifications to see 
the waste involved in doctors being lost 
to the profession, the report points out. 

Governments have properly become eager 
to assist Canadians to become more skilled 
or be retrained for other useful occupations. 
Doctors deserve as much attention as motor 
mechanics when they want assistance in 
getting back to full service to the com 
munity, says the Journal. 

A Game for the Wily Shopper 

Have you ever played "Beat the M.R. 
Boys"? It s a fascinating game, strongly 
recommended for those who delight in up 
setting statistics. In this case the statistics 
have been meticulously compiled by motiv 
ational research types, making the game a 
real challenge for any player. 

The game (which undoubtedly would 



meet the approval of Steven Potter) has 
two players: you, the customer -- strong 
of mind, stout of heart, filled to the ears 
with will-power; and The Product mys 
terious, high-priced, alluring, clothed in 
attractive packaging, and usually scented 
with a tempting aroma. 

The game is generally played in a super 
market. It begins as you amble down the 
aisle, grocery list clutched in fist, searching 
for your goods. 

Suddenly, you encounter The Product. It 
appears quite innocent, as it sits quietly, 
almost demurely, on the shelf. But you 
recognize it, immediately, for what it is: 
a high-priced, average product that has been 
decked out in blue and yellow the colors 
determined by motivational researchers to 
have the most Eye Appeal to catch you, 
the unsuspecting customer. 

At this point you lean down, leer at The 
Product, and, with quiet satisfaction, pick up 
Brand X, which is dismally attired in olive 
green. The game is won, and you have 
upset the statistics. 

By the way, motivational researchers re 
port that supermarket shoppers stare for 
long, unblinking moments as they look over 
various items; hence, it is wise to blink 
frequently as you make your rounds 
this is guaranteed to turn statistical figures 
broadside. rj 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



A nursing career with a difference. 



Excellent career opportunities exist 
for graduate nurses in the Canadian 
Forces Medical Service. Applica 
tions will also be accepted from 
nursing students in their final 
year of training. And enrolment 
will proceed upon registration. 

The duties of a Canadian Forces 
Nursing Sister are two-fold; that of 
a professional nurse and that of a 
commissioned officer. Her employ 



ment therefore 
the respon- 
leadership as 
of the medical 
It also carries 
portunities 




carries with it 
sibilities of 
well as those 
profession, 
with it op- 
to travel, to 
military es- 



serve in Canadian 

tablishments all across Canada 

and in Europe. 



The starting salary is $540.00 a 
month, and increases in pay are 
granted every three years. 30 days 
annual holiday, and free medical 
and dental care are added benefits. 
Nursing in the Canadian Forces 
Medical Service offers valuable and 
varied experience in different en 
vironments, opportunities for pro 
fessional advancement, the excite 
ment of travel at home and over 
seas, a respected position, and a 
unique way of life not usually 
available to a Registered Nurse. 

Further information and appli 
cations for enrolment may be ob 
tained from your nearest Canadian 
Forces Recruiting Centre, or by 
mailing the attached coupon. 



The Canadian Forces. 
Give it some thought. 



Director of Recruiting, 
Canadian Forces Headquarters, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



Name- 



Address- 



City or Town, and Province- 



24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



EDITORIAL 



An editorial on "The Role of the 
Nurse in Family Practice" in the De 
cember 1966 issue of the Journal of 
the College of General Practice of 
Canada warrants a response. 

The author s theme is that general 
practitioners should consider using 
public health nurses as special as 
sistants in the care of their patients in 
the office and home. Moreover, he 
contends that public health nurses 
could make a much greater contri 
bution to total family health care if 
they were under the supervision of 
the family doctor. 

Although not specifically stated, the 
implication is that the public health 
nurse would be employed by the medi 
cal practitioner. This is the only ele 
ment of the author s suggestion that 
is new, for traditionally, public health 
nurses, employed as they are by com 
munity agencies, have provided service 
to families under the guidance of the 
family doctor. With few exceptions, 
public health nursing service is avail 
able in all parts of Canada and there 
fore within reach of most practicing 
physicians. 

That the present arrangement cf 
health services has not been totally 
effective in providing satisfactory ser 
vice to families is becoming increas 
ingly evident. The reasons for this 
ineffectiveness are not as evident. The 
editorial in question refers to Mr. 
Dennis Brannan s study, reported in 
the June 1966 issue of the same jour 
nal. It reports his conclusion, based 
on a retrospective analysis of visits 
made by public health nurses in three 
districts in one municipal health de 
partment, that "there is relatively little 
cooperation between the public health 
nurse and the family doctor." 

Mr. Brannan s observations led him 
to the following comments (quoted in 
the editorial under discussion): "There 
is a prevailing attitude among public 
health nurses that the physician is 
both unaware of their services, and is 
too busy to see them or to discuss a 
problem with them"; and, "Medical 
schools do not educate students ade 
quately as to the functions and use 
of auxiliary services . . . and it is 
little wonder that physicians are un 
aware of the role that the public health 

JUNE 1967 



nurse could play in a community." 

Mr. Brannan also comments, "the 
way in which public health nursing 
services are presently organized does 
little to actively contribute to closer 
nurse-physician cooperation." This is 
probably true, particularly in larger 
and increasingly complex urban cen 
ters where the present organizational 
structure of services does little to faci 
litate communication among a variety 
of workers, unknown to one another. 

Whether or not these are all the 
factors leading to poor cooperation is 
not clear. Unfortunately, Mr. Brannan 
does not add to our knowledge when 
he fails to report on the phase of his 
project that involved observations in 
three private practices in the same 
area as the public health nursing dis 
tricts under study. 

Such limited cooperation between 
professional workers whose common 
focus is on the health of the family 
must result in a gross misuse of pro 
fessional skills through duplication of 
effort, if nothing else. To find ways of 
making the most effective use of exist 
ing skills in providing service to fam 
ilies is a matter of some urgency. For 
this reason, we support the suggestion 
made by the editor of the Journal of 
the College of General Practice, that 
general practitioners should consider 
using public health nurses as special 
assistants in the care of their patients 
in the office and home. 

It is questionable, however, that our 
objective of service would be achieved 
if, as suggested, the prime objective 
were "to ease the patient work load of 
the busy general practitioner through 
sharing "in the actual diagnosis and 
treatment of minor illness," if, by 
this, the editor means that public 
health nurses should develop skills in 
medical diagnosis and treatment addi 
tional to their present skills. 

The non-medical components of 
general practice could be managed by 
a public health nurse, skilled as she is 
in such activities as assessing family 
health needs, counseling, referring per 
sons to appropriate community agen 
cies, etc. Delegation of these compo 
nents to her surely would result in 
better distribution of skills and im 
proved service to families. Easing of 



the patient work load of the busy gen 
eral practitioner might or might not 
follow. Experience in Britain indicates 
that a lighter work load for the physi 
cian does not result from this arrange 
ment; he is, however, freed to use the 
skills that are peculiarly his. 

Such thoughts are, as yet, in the 
realm of conjecture. The real value 
of the editorial is the plea that is made 
for study of this way of offering health 
services to the community. Additional 
to reports from Britain and United 
States, there are a few current de 
velopments in Canada that may add 
to an understanding of the need for 
and the basis of effective coordination 
of these essential skills. A three-year 
project undertaken in Prince Albert, 
Saskatchewan, in 1 962 was reported in 
the June 1966 issue of THE CANADIAN 
NURSE. Using a "nursing case work" 
approach, a nurse served in a seven- 
doctor group practice as a correlating 
person for total care of the patient. In 
Saskatoon, the Community Health Ser 
vices Medical Clinic, a group practice, 
employed a social worker for a two- 
year period of study that ended in 
March, 1966. 

In an effort to answer some of the 
very valid questions raised by the ed 
itor, a project is currently operative in 
one area of Metropolitan Toronto 
whereby a public health nurse employ 
ed by the local department of public 
health is giving service to the patients 
of three general practitioners. It is the 
aim of this project to study the feas 
ibility and value of seconding a pub 
lic health nurse to work directly with 
a group of general practitioners. 

That public health nursing service 
could be more effectively used by me 
dical practitioners is evident. Whether 
or not such service should be in the 
employ of the physician is question 
able. Surely the results of some of the 
current projects will give us some clues 
as to how to improve the quality of 
health services in the face of increas 
ing fragmentation of skills and in 
creasing demands on health workers 
already in short supply. Q] 

PHYLLIS E. JONES 
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR 
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



From institution 
to community 



Message from F. Grunberg, M.D., D.P.M., Director of Psychiatric Services, 
Province of Saskatchewan. 



In Saskatchewan over the past 15 
years, under the leadership of the 
former Director of Psychiatric Services 
Branch, Dr. F.S. Lawson, a new pat 
tern of psychiatric care has evolved 
from institutional to community care. 

One of the most significant conse 
quences of this new pattern of psychia 
tric services has been the drastic 
change in the function and organiza 
tion of the traditional mental hospital, 
a change that has particularly affected 
psychiatric nursing. No professional 
discipline had to reorient its model of 
service as drastically. Many comfort 
able but obsolete traditions had to be 
abandoned, sometimes with a great 
deal of anxiety and insecurity. 

I must say, however, that the Sask 
atchewan psychiatric nurse has shown 
a considerable degree of flexibility, 
versatility, courage, and imagination; 
this, to a large extent, has been re 
sponsible for the success of the pro 
gram. 

This, of course, is not the "end of 
the story" and many more changes can 
be anticipated and many more front 
iers are to be conquered. 




26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



The Saskatchewan Plan 



This plan was formulated to provide facilities for an adequate psychiatric program 
in the province of Saskatchewan, with its diffuse population and particular 
topography. However, its basic principles should be generally applicable. 



^jf*^P 




F.S. Lawson, M.D. 

The original concept for what has 
become known as The Saskatchewan 
Plan was suggested to Professor D.G. 
McKerracher of Saskatoon, Director 
of Psychiatric Services for Saskatche 
wan until 1954, by the World Health 
Organization Specialist Report #73. 
This report recommended small re 
gional mental hospitals of 300 to 400 
beds to replace the large monolithic 
isolated hospitals with patient popula 
tions of several thousands. 

At the beginning of 1955, when I 
returned to Saskatchewan to succeed 
Professor McKerracher as Director of 
Psychiatric Services, my whole objec 
tive was to urge upon the provincial 
government a modern and adequate 
program of psychiatric service. In at 
tempting to do this The Saskatchewan 
Plan was evolved. While the govern 
ment never actually accepted the Plan 
as a whole, they did eventually author 
ize one unit at Yorkton; this was fin 
ally opened in 1964. Another unit at 
Prince Albert was authorized in 1965. 

During the period from 1955 to 
1960, while the Plan was being urged 
on the provincial government, many 
modifications of the original WHO 
suggestions were made and, indeed, 
even after the construction of the Psy 
chiatric Centre at Yorkton, the first 
unit of the Plan, further modifications 
were incorporated for future units. 

Basic beliefs 

The basic premise of the Plan is the 
belief that no human being should 



JUNE 1967 



be incarcerated in an institution. 
Any other solution is preferable. No 
alternative should provide merely cus 
todial care, however, nor even inpa- 
tient care if outpatient treatment is 
possible. 

Other requirements of the Plan are: 

1. The mentally ill should have the 
same standard of care as the physical 
ly ill. 

2. Care for the mentally ill should 
be equally as available as care for the 
physically ill. 

3. The same continuity of care as 
is provided for the physically ill should 
be available to the mentally ill (at 
home, as outpatients, daypatients or 
inpatients). 

4. The same individual continuity of 
treatment as the physically ill receive 
should be accorded the mentally ill 
(the same professional personnel 
should attend the patient in all phases 
of his illness). 

5. Integration of psychiatric care 
with general medical and surgical care 
should be provided so that the patient 
may be treated as a whole person. 

6. Comprehensive care in his home 
area should be provided to the men 
tally ill patient as it is to the physical 
ly ill (no one should have to go to a 
distant hospital because of the length 
or severity of his illness). 

7. The inpatient facility should be 
so designed and constructed that it as 
sists in the patient s recovery; contains 
the requirements for special treatment; 
allows for separation of patients into 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



compatible groups; provides accept 
able conditions, such as privacy of per 
son and effects; is staffed adequately 
to provide personal attention; and is 
small enough to allow the personal 
approach. 

Fundamental concepts 

To provide for implementation of 
these requirements, the Plan involves 
certain arrangements, many of which 
have been incorporated at Yorkton 
while others await the construction of 
future units. 

First, no government department 
should have direct control over any 
clinical program. This is an essential 
administrative arrangement so that 
there may be no greater interference 
by politicians with psychiatry than 
there is with other branches of med 
icine. Competition for funds with other 
segments of a government department 
and also with other departments of 
government tends to result in curtail 
ment of necessary monies for an ade 
quate psychiatric program, perhaps 
because many mentally ill persons have 
no vote. Psychiatric centers should be 
supported under the Saskatchewan 
Hospital Services Plan and adminis 
tered by the board of the general hos 
pitals to which they are attached. 

Second, to provide readily avail 
able psychiatric care and treatment, 
the region served by a unit should be 
limited both in area and population. A 
region in Saskatchewan has been arbi 
trarily set as having a maximum radius 
of approximately 90 miles. This is es 
sential so that outpatient, home care, 
and follow-up programs may be phy 
sically possible. The adequate provi 
sion of these three phases of the total 
care governs the inpatient bed require 
ment and, therefore, the relationship 
between the population to be served 
and the size of the psychiatric unit. 

Third, continuity of care requires 
that the same treatment team -- con 
sisting of a psychiatrist, a social 
worker and a psychiatric nurse 
should be involved with each specific 
patient in all phases of his treatment. 
Fourth, comprehensive total care of 
a patient should be provided at the 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



psychiatric center in his region. There 
must be no other place to which the 
regional treatment team can abandon a 
difficult case (i.e., the buck cannot 
be passed). 

Finally, the design of the regional 
hospital should reduce confusion in 
details and perspectives, provide faci 
lities for all necessary types of treat 
ment, provide privacy of the patient s 
person and effects, and enable patients 
to be regarded as individuals by the 
provision of arrangements to allow 
them to live in small groups. 

Regional centers 

The original plan envisaged the es 
tablishment of eight regions to cover 
the populated portion of Saskatche 
wan, in addition to the use, at least 
temporarily, of the two old mental 
hospitals at Weyburn and North Battle- 
ford. Further consideration and the 
development of better roads in the 
province allowed the proposed number 
to be reduced to seven, including Wey 
burn and North Battleford. 

These regions, each containing a 
psychiatric center as a part of a local 
general hospital, are allocated as fol 
lows: 

Population 
Center covered 

Swift Current 80,000 

Regina - Moose Jaw 260,000 

Saskatoon 200,000 

Prince Albert-Tisdale 135,000 

Yorkton 90,000 

Weyburn 113,000 

North Battleford 140,000 

Total for the province 1,018,000 

This division necessitated a revision 
of our previous condition that no one 
should be more than 90 miles from a 
psychiatric center. This situation is 
found in the Weyburn and North 
Battleford regions and also in the 
Prince Albert-Tisdale region. It was 
thought, however, that a small ward at 
Tisdale as an auxiliary to the center at 
Prince Albert might help cover the 
extra distances in the north eastern 
part of the province where population 
is thinly distributed. In addition, con 
tinued use of the psychiatric ward at 



Moose Jaw Union Hospital would as 
sist with the more concentrated popula 
tion in the Regina-Moose Jaw region. 

Numbers of beds reduced 

Since the center at Yorkton has 
been operating, the principles of The 
Saskatchewan Plan have been justified 
by its success. The greatest surprise, 
however, has been to discover that the 
inpatient bed need had been grossly 
overestimated. 

Between 1955 and 1960, enquiries 
to various psychiatric services in Cana 
da and other countries and our own 
mental hospital experience indicated 
a need up to 5.6 beds per 1,000 popu 
lation served. The lowest estimate, 
which came from Great Britain, al 
though with some disagreement from 
well-known English psychiatrists, was 
1.8 beds per 1,000. The Psychiatric 
Centre at Yorkton contains 148 beds, 
or a ratio of 1.65 beds per 1,000 of 
the regional population. 

At this time the requirement for in- 
patient care, if adequate staff is avail 
able to provide the necessary outpa 
tient care, home care, and follow-up, 
would seem to be 0.5 beds per 1,000 
of the population served. 

The inpatient bed needs of the seven 
regions for adult psychiatric care in 
Saskatchewan (excluding the mentally 
retarded) at this ratio would be: 

Swift Current 40 

Regina - Moose Jaw 130 

Saskatoon 100 

Prince Albert - Tisdale 70 

Yorkton 45 

Weyburn 57 

North Battleford 70 

This would provide a total for the 
province of 512 beds for a population 
of 1,018,000. 

It should be noted that there may 
be other than adults requiring care and 
that the mentally retarded are not in 
cluded. The Saskatchewan Plan to date 
has not considered a comprehensive 
program for the emotionally disorder 
ed child because of the confused state 
of such programs throughout the 
world, almost everyone of which is 
still designated as a "pilot project." A 
program for the mentally retarded ap- 

JUNE 1967 



pears to require an entirely different 
approach, and we feel it should be re 
garded as a separate entity. A program 
for those who are loosely called "psy 
chopaths" is another moot question. 

Programs expanding 

The application of the principle that 
no one should be cared for as an in- 
patient if outpatient treatment, day- 
patient treatment, or treatment in the 
community is adequate for his need 
was given a great deal of thought by 
Dr. Fred Grunberg, Superintendent of 
the Saskatchewan Hospital at Weyburn 
both in 1962 and 1964. Dr. Grunberg 
had been Director of the Mental 
Health Clinic in Swift Current when it 
was thought that the first psychiatric 
center would be established there. 
When the Government, in its wisdom, 
chose Yorkton as the site for the first 
unit, Dr. Grunberg moved to York- 
ton. He left Saskatchewan when the 
construction at Yorkton was delayed 
by the politicians but was persuaded to 
return in 1962. The consideration he 
had given in preparation for the pro 
posed function of the psychiatric cen 
ters resulted in his determination to 
establish similar treatment and admin 
istrative approaches at Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn, even though the 
area and population to be covered 
seemed excessive. 

His adaptation of the principles of 
The Saskatchewan Plan to the Men 
tal Hospital at Weyburn, ably followed 
up by his successors, has produced the 
same results which are now obvious. 

Dr. Lawson was former Director of Psy 
chiatric Services in Saskatchewan. He is 
now retired and living in Ontario. rj 



Weyburn 
Psychiatric Centre 



One of the features of The Saskatchewan Plan is that the province is divided into 
areas, each to be serviced by a small psychiatric hospital that would provide total 
psychiatric care for its designated area. This article describes one of these units. 



John B. Wright, M.D. 

In view of the success of the first of 
these units at Yorkton opened in 
1963, the Weyburn Psychiatric Centre 
was established in mid- 1965. It was 
housed in a building previously used 
as a tuberculosis annex, physically 
separated from, but adjacent to, the 
main building of the Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn. 

It was rebuilt to provide inpatient 
facilities for 52 patients with all nec 
essary adjunctive services such as 
EEG, x-ray, and occupational and rec 
reational therapies. It is perhaps in 
teresting that the Weyburn Centre was 
given 52 beds for an area almost twice 
as large and with 30 percent more 
population than Yorkton. The clinical 
program in this Centre is entirely inde 
pendent of that in the Saskatchewan 
Hospital, Weyburn, though mainten 
ance, business, dietary, and other serv 
ices are shared. 

Community concept 

Since President Kennedy s message 
to Congress in 1963 presented the 
concept of the community mental 
health center, community psychiatry 
has been advocated everywhere. What 
is often overlooked when discussing 
this topic is that this does not only 
mean treating the patient in the com 
munity --it also means using all re 
sources in the community to treat the 
patient. Ideally it should mean that the 
community fills the role that has 
always been filled by the large, isol 
ated mental hospital. Any community 
service should be comprehensive and 
prepared to handle all the mental ill 
ness in the region for which it is 
responsible. 

To implement this, the area was 
divided into five relatively autonomous 
subareas, each looked after by a team 
consisting of a senior psychiatrist, a 
social worker, a community nurse, and 
ward nurses. All teams share the 
central facility. 

The psychiatrist directs the team, 
assesses all patients who are referred, 
initiates treatment, continues the treat 
ment of those who need psychiatrist s 
care, and assigns the other work to 
the relevant member of the team. 



JUNE 1967 



The social worker, by interviewing 
relatives and others, assesses social im 
plications of the case, and deals with 
the impact of the illness both on the 
patient in his environment and on the 
environment itself. He also does coun 
seling, group work, marital guidance, 
and other "therapy." 

The role of the community nurse in 
volves both medical and social aspects. 
His training in the symptomatology of 
psychiatric illness, its response to treat 
ment, the effects and side effects of 
drugs, and so on, enables him to 
follow up patients who are on drugs 
for acute and chronic illnesses, calling 
in the psychiatrist as necessary. More 
over, he is skilled in the management 
of people with mental illness and can, 
therefore, advise the relatives of pa 
tients with as yet uncleared or residual 
symptoms on how to handle the pa 
tient. To use an extreme example, 
what does one say to a patient who 
has a delusion that men from Mars 
have wired the house and are control 
ling his thoughts by electricity? 

Community nurses have made the 
work of other disciplines much easier 
and more effective. As an example, 
social workers now have more time to 
spend doing counseling, family ther 
apy, etc., instead of spending a lot 
of their time in duties for which they 
are not prepared, such as supervising 
drug therapy. 

There are two main aspects of the 
program the outpatient service and 
the inpatient service. 

Outpatient care 

A basic concept of care under The 
Saskatchewan Plan is the belief that 
the primary treatment source for the 
patient is his own general practitioner, 
and, therefore, psychiatric services in 
tervene only at the request of the 
practitioner who has not the time, the 
facilities, or the experience to cope 
himself. As soon as the patient is fit 
enough and with the practitioner s 
consent, he is returned to him for any 
further treatment that may be neces 
sary. 

To further the idea of taking the 
hospital into the community rather 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



than extruding the patient into an iso 
lated mental hospital, part-time clinics 
are established in each of the sub- 
areas. The team goes out to them at 
least once a week for a full day s 
clinic. Social workers and community 
nurses, of course, spend a considerable 
portion of their time in the field seeing 
patients who cannot, will not, or just 
do not come into the clinics. 

The patient is seen initially as an 
outpatient and thereafter is given the 
treatment appropriate to his illness 
whether as outpatient, inpatient, day 
patient, or night patient. Close follow- 
up and supervision is given as long 
as the patient needs it. Foster homes, 
halfway houses, and other alternative 
accommodation for chronic patients or 
patients without homes or relatives of 
their own were established. Standards 
have been laid down by the provincial 
government for such homes, and they 
must all be approved by the Director 
of Psychiatric Services. Nursing homes, 
both public and private, have been and 
are being built. In these can be placed 
geriatric patients who may have little, 
if anything, psychologically wrong with 
them but who in the past "faute de 
mieux" were handled by mental hos 
pitals. 

The team must know and be known 
by the community. Members endeavor 
to work closely with all potential re 
source people and to establish liaison 
with general practitioners and agen 
cies; the department of welfare, public 
health nurses, clergy, municipal and 
town authorities, police, voluntary or 
ganizations, are often involved in out 
patient care. 

The Centre is experimenting with 
community nurses resident in the larg 
er peripheral towns and one has al 
ready been appointed. Such nurses not 
only follow up patients who require it, 
but can also supervise activities of pa 
tients who might attend the mental 
health clinic during the day, and act as 
a liaison between psychiatric services 
and the community. Residence in the 
area eliminates much of the traveling 
caused by the rural nature of the terri 
tory. 

Inpatient care 

Inpatient care is a brief and often 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



unnecessary part of the total treatment 
program. The patient is only admitted 
to hospital if he needs to be there, and 
only stays for as long as he continues 
to benefit from being in hospital. This 
eliminates one of the worst features of 
psychiatry in the past, where most of 
the disability associated with mental 
illness was not a part of the illness 
itself, but was consequent upon the 
desocialization and institutionalization 
of patients who were detained for long 
periods in hospital. 

Inpatient treatment is active and all 
current therapies are used. There are 
no locked doors whatsoever and there 
is no segregation of the sexes. It is not 
an open door policy (though the doors 
are open); it is rather a revolving door 
policy. Sleeping accommodation is in 
rooms of one to four beds. 

The first half of the day (until 
3:00 P.M.) is spent in occupational 
therapy unless the patient is involved 
in specific treatment, such as electro- 
shock treatment. The second half of 
the day is given over to recreational 
therapy. Traditionally, the three to 
eleven shift has been a relatively idle 
one for nurses, but in Weyburn, nurses 
are regarded as essential in the recrea 
tional program, and it is assumed that 
a nurse will work in recreational thera 
py (under the supervision of trained 
recreational therapists) unless required 
for some special clinical duty, for 
example looking after a disturbed pa 
tient. The ability, enthusiasm, and 
flexibility of the nursing staff has been 
most impressive and vital to the suc 
cess of the program. 

Summary 

The result of all this has been that 
many, many more patients are able 
to live active ordinary lives in their 
community. The disruption to the pa 
tient and his environment is minimal 
and no longer are we creating that 
distressed person the chronic, hope 
less, institutionalized patient who 
has for so long been one of the worst 
features of psychiatry, however res 
ponsible psychiatry was for his exist 
ence. 

Dr. Wright is Regional Director of the 
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre. rj 



JUNE 1967 



Community psychiatric nursing 



A summer day early in 1964 is now looked back on as stork day in the 
Saskatchwan Hospital, Weyburn, as it was at this time that the community 
psychiatric nurse came into being. The growth and development of this new 
health worker is described. 



C. Albert Atkinson, R.P.N. and J. Frank VanKampen, R.P.N. 



The term decentralization as it ap 
plies to the field of psychiatry was 
used infrequently 25 years ago. Caring 
for the mentally ill other than in a 
centralized location could not be visu 
alized. Today the term is used fre 
quently. Congregation of those suffer 
ing from mental disorders in a setting 
that takes them long distances away 
from familiar surroundings, family, 
and friends is no longer considered 
desirable. Centralized mental hospitals 
made it necessary for families to travel 
far distances to visit the patients; the 
increased expense and inconvenience 
often caused a loss of contact. As 
treatment of the mentally ill has 
changed, a need for a new kind of 
nursing care has developed. 

A need recognized 

Nine years ago regionalization of 
psychiatric services was proposed. A 
few already established part-time 
mental health clinics located in large 
towns or cities were utilized at first. 

These Mental Health Clinics were 
operated on a part-time basis at first. 
Scarcity of doctors to staff these fa 
cilities resulted in a somewhat irreg 
ular service. Doctors were strictly on 
their own and, in some instances, tra 
veled for many miles to be faced 
upon arrival by large numbers of dis 
charged patients requiring outpatient 
clinic care, as well as new clients seek 
ing held. Even though the heavy at 
tendance was burdensome and frus 
trating, it was welcome and reward 
ing since it illustrated that this facility 
was much needed. 

To cope with the growing clinic at 
tendance and other community prob 
lems the services of social workers be 
came essential. Their role was limited, 
however, in some aspects of patient 
care. The desirability of utilizing a psy 
chiatric nurse was recognized since 
medical and psychiatric treatment de 
mands the assistance of this profes 
sional person. Eventually, a complete 
team of doctor, social worker and 
nurse did come about. Now, the addi 
tion of a psychologist would be wel 
comed; however, such personnel are in 
short supply. 

By late 1963 decentralized mental 
health clinics were established as es- 

JUNE 1967 



sential in providing the quality out 
patient care necessary to prevent re- 
admissions to the large mental institu 
tions. 

Since outpatient services have been 
initiated, hospitals have changed their 
role, too. They no longer must alle 
viate all symptoms before the patient 
is discharged to the community. Rath 
er, the clinics and the community can 
help provide satisfactory resettlement 
through support, rehabilitative re 
sources, and outpatient care. 

Role of the nurse 

The community nurse provides 
quality, continued nursing care that 
helps maintain patients in the com 
munity. The aim is to have the patient 
become a functioning and producing 
member of society, although the latter 
is not always possible because of 
chronicity, age, and/or physical handi 
cap. 

Community nursing includes sup 
porting the patient and helping him to 
adjust. As well, families, foster par 
ents, employers, and agencies must be 
helped to understand the difficulties 
encountered in making this adjust 
ment. If one is successful in provid 
ing this quality of care it undoubtedly 
will result in the patient leading a 
more effective and satisfying way of 
life. It should be helpful here to refer 
to the kind and level of work the 
nurses do and follow this by outlining 
many of their typical duties. 

In general, community nurses per 
form professional psychiatric nursing 
duties by making home visits and in 
terviewing patients at mental health 
clinics. They must plan and conduct 
their work with a considerable degree 
of independence; supervision and guid 
ance is not always available while serv 
ing in the community so they must 
make decisions independently on the 
needs of the patients for psychiatric 
treatment. 

Community nurses meet with offi 
cials of public and private welfare 
agencies, families, doctors, employers, 
and others to assist the patient in ad 
justing in the community. They make 
periodic visits to assigned patients at 
their homes to assess the level of their 
adjustment and to assist them in solv 



ing problems. They interview patients 
relatives, guardians, and employers to 
assist in evaluating the patients adjust 
ment in the community. They make 
certain that patients are taking the 
prescribed medication or treatments 
as directed and requesting refills of 
drugs as necessary. They maintain a 
record of personal data, medical his 
tory, prescribed treatment, and medica 
tion. They supervise and direct group 
therapy programs for day-care patients 
at outpatient clinics. They conduct 
preliminary interviews at the homes of 
persons referred for psychiatric treat 
ment to help psychiatrists to determine 
if admission to hospital is desirable. 
They provide any required nursing 
services. They attend medical case 
conferences at the hospital to obtain 
background information on patients 
being considered for discharge and 
provide information on patients being 
considered for admission to hospital. 
They prepare and deliver lectures and 
present histories of psychiatric contin 
ued care cases to student and gradu 
ate nurses. They prepare data on pa 
tients moving to other areas so that 
nursing care is uninterrupted. They 
keep complete, concise reports on all 
home visits and advise superiors and 
team members of cases where behavior 
is likely to become critical. 

Community nursing does not imply 
that all duties are performed in the 
field. A percentage of time must be 
spent in the office. Here the nurse 
commences her day. She attends team 
meetings with ward nurses, doctors, so 
cial workers, occupational and recrea 
tional therapists to present and dis 
cuss various aspects of patients ill 
nesses, treatment and final disposition. 
There is always paper work. This in 
cludes recording interviews following 
each scheduled visit with the patient 
and any important incident that might 
occur in between, keeping up-to-date 
records pertaining to prescribed med 
ications, and preparing lecture mater 
ial for presentation to other nursing 
personnel and various organizations 
within the catchment area. 

Most community nurses find their 
work preferable to ward nursing. One 
reason is that the community nurse is 
in the position to see the patient at 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



the time of admission to hospital, fol 
low him through his distressing days, 
observe improvement, and see him re 
turn to community living and once 
again become a functioning and pro 
ducing member of society. In short, 
the community nurse is involved in 
treatment from beginning to end. Ward 
nursing on the other hand ends when 
the nurse bids goodbye to her patient. 
She can only think, "I hope he does 
well." 

Preparation 

For many years now much has been 
said about the shortage of nurses, and 
this condition is aggravated by the in 
creasing demands on the profession. 
Social psychiatry as it is now practic 
ed in Saskatchewan will probably re 
quire more community nurses in the 
near future. Where do these people 
come from, what qualifications do they 
have and where do they obtain their 
training? 

At present all community nurses in 
Saskatchewan are registered psychia 
tric nurses. They are graduates from 
one of the recognized schools of psy 
chiatric nursing in the province. They 
qualify for registration by passing Uni 
versity-set examinations. There are 
three such schools in Saskatchewan: 
the Saskatchewan Hospitals at Wey- 
burn and North Battleford, and the 
Saskatchewan Training School at 
Moose Jaw. 

The course is outlined in the ap 
proved curriculum of the Saskatche 
wan Psychiatric Nurses Association 
and consists of approximately 700 
hours of classroom work. It includes 
such subjects as psychiatric nursing, 
psychiatry, psychology, sociology, 
medicine and surgery, medical and 
surgical nursing, nursing arts, emer 
gency nursing, microbiology and path 
ology, pharmacology, nutrition, ward 
management, and communicable dis 
eases, as well as seminars in psychiat 
ric nursing, group techniques, case 
presentations, and so on. 

In addition, students rotate through 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



various clinical areas, such as psy 
chotic units, geriatric units, admission 
units, and medical and surgical units 
at the hospitals at Weyburn and North 
Battleford. At the training school at 
Moose Jaw, the educable unit, the 
medical and surgical unit, the pedia- 
tric unit, and the unit of trainable and 
severely retarded patients are used. 

Since 1965 the psychiatric nursing 
course has been compressed into a 27- 
month period; until that time it took 
three full years to complete. Although 
the time required is now less, mini 
mum classroom hours have increased 
steadily over the years along with the 
expectations placed upon the nurse. 
Roles have become more and more 
complicated and the teaching of more 
basic sciences and skills was thus in 
evitable. 

Prospective students are carefully 
selected and must have grade 11 (jun 
ior matriculation), academic standing, 
but grade 12 (senior matriculation) is 
preferred. Except for the first three 
months, students receive a salary, 
which increases as their education pro 
gresses. Perhaps this is one reason why 
psychiatric nursing has attracted more 
males than general nursing. Married 
men can earn a living while learning. 

During the first three months stu 
dents attend classes and provide no 
ward service. They receive a stipend to 
cover the cost of board and room and 
books. Training and education during 
the remaining two years consists of 
from one to four hours per day during 
the lecture term, depending on the 
class year and the school. Part of 
these classes are scheduled within the 
regular working hours, part in the stu 
dents own time. Thus, a student may 
put in an eight-hour day followed by, 
or preceded by an hour or two of 
lectures. 

Standards rising 

Actually, psychiatric nursing was 
born in the 1840 s at the Hanwell 
Hospital in England, whereas Florence 
Nightingale opened her first school for 



general nurses around 1860. The first 
uniform national system of training 
and certification of any body of nurses 
in any country were those conducted 
for psychiatric nurses, in Britain, 
1891. At first, progress, if any, was 
very slow. 

Curriculum development in Saskat 
chewan has grown steadily since 1930. 
Psychiatric nursing evolved from a 
three-year course for mental hospital 
employees (usually referred to in those 
days as "attendants"). Teaching was 
primarily designed to provide staff 
with skills to care for and protect pa 
tients while they were living in the 
hospitals. As the emphasis shifted 
from institutional care to treatment, the 
demands on "attendants" increased. 
The need for more knowledge and skill 
was recognized and as a result a 500- 
hour course in psychiatric nursing was 
inaugurated in 1947. 

The profession was established offi 
cially on March 25, 1948, when the 
provincial Legislature assented to an 
"Act Respecting The Saskatchewan 
Psychiatric Nurses Association." This 
act entitles graduates from any of the 
recognized schools to write University 
examinations and to register with the 
Saskatchewan Psychiatric Nurses Asso 
ciation. Since 1950 the nurses in Brit 
ish Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and 
Ontario have also organized profes 
sional associations. These organiza 
tions are affiliated under the Canadian 
Council of Psychiatric Nurses. 

The scope of psychiatric nursing has 
expanded with the educational require 
ments and demands for service. At 
present, psychiatric nurses may enroll 
in university postgraduate courses, 
such as administration, and teaching 
and supervision. They have proven 
themselves adequately qualified in such 
areas as social service work, commun 
ity recreational services, adjunctive 
therapies, correction work, as well as 
at various levels of nursing in psychia 
tric wings of general hospitals, psy 
chiatric centers and mental health 
clinics. 

JUNE 1967 



Summary 

Psychiatric nurses were ready to ful 
fill the role of the community nurse, 
especially since staff became available 
because of the drastic reduction in the 
number of patients within the institu 
tions during the last few years. De 
mands and services in the mental 
health area have changed rapidly and 
the psychiatric nurse has tried to keep 
ahead. 

The curriculum for the training and 
education is undergoing close scrutiny 
once again. No doubt many changes 
will be proposed and, if feasible, in 
corporated. Although community psy- 
ciatric nurses appear well qualified to 
fill the demands, education in such 
areas as interviewing, counseling, 
group work, and knowledge of com 
munity agencies must be accelerated, 
thus preparing nurses even better to 
serve society by helping those suffering 
from mental disorders, and by meeting 
the ever increasing and changing de 
mand for psychiatric services. 

Mr. Atkinson is Supervisor of Commun 
ity Nursing and Mr. VanKampen is Psy 
chiatric Nursing Instructor at the Weyburn 
Psychiatric Centre. D 



Research nursing 
in psychiatry 



"Being different" may result in criticism and ridicule from coworkers but it 
is an essential characteristic of a research nurse. 



W. Keith Paul, R.P.N. 

The term "research" is often ques 
tioned and misinterpreted when ap 
plied to the interpersonal relationships 
that make up psychiatric nursing. Yet 
in its simplest terms research refers to 
any diligent inquiry that proposes to 
find new ideas or that permits the 
examination of old facts with a fresh 
approach. An inquiring mind is all 
that is required. 

This more liberal interpretation has 
much in common with two other 
terms: psychiatry and nursing. All 
three demand close observation, detail 
ed examination, and careful investiga 
tion. All are concerned with increasing 
knowledge. 

Unfortunately, psychiatric nursing is 
extremely prone to routine, especially 
in large institutions. This routine is 
sometimes a therapeutic requirement, 
more often it is a facilitation of pro 
fessional duties, but rarely is it con 
ducive to increasing knowledge. 

Acceptance of current values and 
customs stabilize a society, be it in a 
psychiatric institution or other fields 
of endeavor the large mental hos 
pitals were stable societies for years. 
Only when inquiring minds refuse to 
accept antiquated customs and values 
do changes occur; for example, the 
rapid decrease in the population of the 
Saskatchewan Hospital, when empha 
sis was placed on community care for 
psychiatric patients, rather than hos- 
pitalization. 

Characteristics 

A research nurse in psychiatry 
should not be routine minded; his ac 
ceptance of current values and customs 
should only be "to catch his breath." 

The following definition, although 
formulated for the field of education, 
is very appropriate for a research 
nurse: "He should be a liberally edu 
cated person who has the sociological 
perspective, the moral integrity, and 
the psychological self-sufficiency to be 
different." 1 This "being different" may 
subject a research nurse to severe 
criticism, verging on ridicule from co- 



JUNE 1967 



workers engaged in more orthodox 
nursing. This makes psychological self- 
sufficiency a strong need. 

The problematic hypothesis is an 
ideal basis for research nursing: "A 
problem exists and is considered re 
solved when serenity in the situation 
prevails." 2 Insight applied to this prob 
lem solving approach will result in 
change both in the individual and in 
the situation. This in turn may give 
rise to new problems. Without the ap 
plication of insight, we do not have 
new problems, but we do have recur 
ring old ones. We may thus summarize 
the function of a research nurse as 
"the gaining and the application of in 
sight (the inquiring mind and increased 
knowledge) to existing problems." 3 
With this, progress will evolve, not 
without disappointments, but it will be 
the end result. 

Two kinds of research 

A psychiatric research nurse usually 
will be involved in two kinds of re 
search, often at the same time. One 
aspect will involve nursing conjunctive 
to medical research. This consists of 
observation and recording; acute 
awareness and accuracy are essential. 
This kind of research is often repeti 
tious over long periods and offers 
little immediate satisfaction. By the 
time total evaluation is completed, the 
nurse will already be involved in a new 
study. New, really important discover 
ies are rare, and the part played by 
the nurse is only one of many factors 
involved, the ultimate results being ob 
tained only by an evaluation of all 
factors. Consequently, in this role one 
cannot expect early recognition and 
must accept the fact that his toils may 
even be a lost contribution in a final 
analysis. 

The second type of research is in 
the area of interpersonal relationships, 
a topic on which volumes have been 
composed, with many roles involved. 
It is difficult to define any role that 
involves a planned course of action to 
produce a predictable and progressive 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



reaction. In this area nursing research 
can be extremely interesting and re 
warding, being more spontaneous and 
directly related to the role played. 

Special unit needed 

Research involving both these psy 
chiatric nursing roles has prevailed in 
this hospital for several years. Some 
times this research was carried out in 
controlled situations, more often it 
was superimposed on existing pro 
grams. This latter frequently created 
disruptions and resentments, not con 
ducive to accurate statistical informa 
tion. Therefore, approximately one 
year ago a small unit of 24 beds spe 
cific to research was created. 

The patient population for this unit 
was screened, the participants being 
long-standing chronic schizophrenic 
patients who were functioning on a 
severely regressed level. 

The desired staffing ratio was one 
qualified nurse for every five patients. 
To cover days off, shift, and so on, 
approximately 20 staff were required. 
From the previously stated definition 
of a competent research nurse, the 20 
best nurses employed in the institu 
tion should have been selected. As the 
unit was only semi-autonomous, and 
six other units also required personnel, 
this could not be considered, although 
desired. For the sake of total hospital 
progress and morale, only a few key 
nursing personnel were chosen. Psy 
chiatric student nurses and psychiatric 
nurse aides held reach the desired staff 
patient ratio. 

Special projects 

To date three projects have been 
undertaken. However, as the third pro 
ject is still going on, only the first two 
can be described here. 

The first four months were devoted 
to a study on the effects of intensive 
therapy. Each patient was required to 
participate actively for 14 hours each 
day. The activity was directed to three 
main areas: personal care, work train 
ing, and recreation all directed to- 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ward promoting social skills. Medical 
care was regulated to conform with the 
activation of the patient. 

The second project was a three- 
month drug study, more or less a re 
versal of the first study. Medical eval 
uation was in the fore, and nursing 
and social activity was somewhat rou 
tine; this allowed a more conclusive 
evaluation of the drug, as changes 
could more readily be attributed to it, 
as against changes produced by nurs 
ing action. 

When we look at these two projects, 
we can readily see the two types of roles 
of a research nurse. The first project 
was predominately regulated by nursing 
action and the second project was pre 
dominately conjunctive nursing in med 
ical research. On comparison, strictly 
from a nursing viewpoint, the first 
project was the most productive for 
nurses; patient evaluation indicated 
greater progress; and the morale and 
interest of staff were higher. (This 
should in no way suggest greater value 
of either type of research.) 




The results, after one year in oper 
ation, although gratifying, are below 
the realm of possible achievements. 
This failure was influenced by two 
main factors. The first was a negative 
reaction by workers on other units 
toward the research unit. The second 
factor was caused by a degree of staff 
insecurity throughout the hospital be 
cause of the rapid decrease in patient 
population. Any degree of insecurity 
on the part of the staff would reflect 
on their performance in this area and 
conceivably influence the research re 
sults. 

This leads to a final comment an 
effective research nurse must have two 
basic characteristics, a strong sense of 
security and dedication to the profes 
sion. 

References 

1. Affleck, A.F. what attitudinal biases 
should characterize professorial recrea 
tional leadership? /. Canad. Assoc. for 
Hlth, Physical Educ. and Recreation, 
May 1958, p. 21. 

2. Thelen, Herbert A. Dynamics of Groups 
at Work, Chicago, University of Chica 
go, 1963, p. 244. 

3. Ibid. 

Mr. Paul is head nurse on the research 
unit at the Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn. 

D 



JUNE 1967 



Nursing education 
in Malawi 



The curriculum of the new National School of Nursing in Blantyre, Malawi, 
is designed to encourage independent and creative thinking. 



Until recently, the responsibility for 
the care of the sick in the small coun 
try of Malawi, Central Africa, fell on a 
nucleus of nursing sisters, mostly Eur 
opean, and on a group of medical 
assistants, native Malawians who had 
trained in mission and government 
hospitals. 

On July 10, 1965, the National 
School of Nursing was officially open 
ed at Blantyre, by the government 
of Malawi. Considering the economy 
of Malawi and the country s need for 
development in many areas, this action 
was indeed far-sighted. 

The aim of the school is to give its 
students a broad, general education, 
an aim that is consistent with the needs 
of the country. The school uses the 
facilities of the Queen Elizabeth Hos 
pital, on whose grounds it stands; 
since its inception, however, it has 
been developed as an independent en 
tity, with the senior tutor directly res 
ponsible to the matron-in-chief who 
functions at ministry level. The stu 
dents are all residents and their ac 
commodation is reasonable. 

Plans take shape 

The senior tutor arrived from Eng 
land in October, 1964 to begin work 
on the syllabus and to collaborate with 
the matron-in-chief to produce a 
Nurse s Act that would establish the 
Nurses and Midwives Council for 
Malawi. The school now has a senior 
tutor, two clinical instructors and three 
other tutors. Recently, a midwifery tu- 

JUNE 1967 



John R. Monaghan 

tor joined the staff to develop plans 
for midwifery training based on the 
British pattern. She also will organize 
the midwifery experience of students 
who are in the basic program. 

In planning the education of Malawi 
students, we had to determine what 
would be expected of the graduate 
nurse: Would she hold a position of 
responsibility? Would she work in 
central hospitals or in the smaller, dis 
trict hospitals? Would she be asked to 
assume responsibilities in administra 
tion, public health, or teaching? The 
original planning also was influenced 
by the number of potential students, 
and the nature of their education and 
home background. 

One thing was certain: The pro 
gram had to fulfill the needs of Malawi 
and, at the same time, offer a high 
standard of professional and social 
education. 

Three-year program 

The program at the National School 
of Nursing is three and one-half years 
in length. Apart from the final ex 
amination, which is set by the Nurses 
and Midwives Council, all examina 
tions are conducted by the school. 

Selected candidates enter a twelve- 
week introductory course that includes 
four weeks practical experience. The 
first seven weeks of the program in- 

Mr. Monaghan is Senior Tutor at the 
National School of Nursing in Blantyre, 
Malawi. 



dude orientation and introductory talks, 
plus light, factual programs in first 
aid, biology, personal health, and nurs 
ing. One day per week is spent on the 
wards. The terminal examination is 
held during the twelfth week. 

Successful candidates are then eligi 
ble for registration as students. They 
begin a part of the program termed 
"elementary course," which is given 
during a one-month block period. A 
minimum of ten lectures is allotted 
to each subject: medical and surgical 
nursing; microbiology; nutrition; phar 
macology; psychology; epidemiology; 
and pathology. 

During this one-month period, a 
program of liberal studies is presented. 
Guest speakers meet the students for 
talks and discussions on topics such 
as the United Nations Organization, 
the World Health Organization, the 
functions of the British Council and 
United States Information Services, the 
history of medical and nursing services 
in Malawi, and the use of statistics. 
The material covered in the elemen 
tary courses acquaints the students 
with many of the basic facts and con 
cepts of nursing through demonstra 
tions of their use in curative or pre 
ventive nursing. 

In medical-surgical nursing, the body 
systems are taught according to the 
following plan: 

1. Physiology of the system, togeth 
er with its anatomy. 

2. Surgical and medical conditions 
including communicable diseases. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



3. Appropriate nursing procedures. 

4. Preventive, social and epidemio- 
logical aspects of the disease, when 
these apply. 

5. Related pharmacology. 

6. Therapeutics, including problems 
of rehabilitation and occupation. 

7. Diagnostic investigations. 

8. Nutritional problems and diet 
ary treatment of the conditions. 

9. Psychological causes, implica 
tions and complications. 

Each system is covered in six 
weeks: The first week requires fulltime 
school attendance and the remaining 
five, one or two study days per week, 
depending upon the amount of time 
needed. Thus, the students begin their 
study of medical-surgical nursing 
early in the first year of training. 

This plan is applied to other systems 
and can also be applied successfully to 
more specialized areas, such as geria 
trics, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngo- 
logy. During the six-week periods, re 
lated areas of knowledge also can be 
included. For example, the study of 
the genitourinary system would include 
gynecology, urology, and venereal dis 
eases. 

To broaden the practical experience 
of students, specific periods of time 
and curricula are alloted to midwifery, 
psychiatric nursing and public health. 
Midwifery experience covers a period 
of three months, psychiatric nursing, 
one month. The last three months of 
training are devoted to hospital and 
ward administration, elementary theory 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 







JUNE 1967 



of education, and practical teaching of 
procedures. 

Examinations include the terminal 
examination at the end of the intro 
ductory course; the intermediate exam 
ination 18 months after the intro 
ductory course; and the final examina 
tion in the 39th month. 

Recruitment 

Interviews are arranged through a 
central recruiting body called the 
Public Service Commission. The senior 
tutor and another staff member join 
the Board to select candidates. Appli 
cants must be young women of 18 
years of age and must have a pass in 
the Senior Cambridge School Certifi 
cate or three passes in the General 
Certificate of Education at Ordinary 
Level, one of which should be in 
English. 

At present, the school can admit 30 
students per year; to date, 40 students 
are enrolled. Residential accommoda 
tion is the problem at present, but by 
the end of the current year this will 
be solved and the student body will be 
increased to 90 by June of 1967. 

School has control 

The school has absolute control over 
the students experience; the staff al 
locate clinical assignements in the hos 
pital wards and departments, for day 
and night duty. This allows individual 
programing for each student during 
the entire training period. When a 
student s program has been arranged, 
it is her responsibility to see that it 
is carried out. She must inform the 
wards and departments of the dates 
and periods of her experience. 

On the wards 

Nursing procedures are demonstrat 
ed on the ward by a nurse tutor or 
clinical instructor. Students carry out 
only those procedures that have been 
demonstrated and practiced under su 
pervision. Problems rarely arise, be 
cause the ward sister has a copy of the 
syllabus and is kept informed of the 
students practical progress. 

Clinical teaching periods of one 
hour are carried out in the wards each 
afternoon. Discussion about a selected 
patient includes the salient points of 
his illness and its cause; the normal 
physiology of the affected organ or 
system; problems related to nursing 
care; the medical treatment, including 
drugs and social problems; and the 
difficulties of rehabilitation. 

Many problems 

Most students entering the introduc 
tory course are almost completely un 
prepared for this type of program. 

JUNE 1967 



Their note-taking is poor and they 
have little idea of the use of textbooks, 
whether they be standard or reference. 
It is sometimes difficult to believe that 
these students have had secondary 
school education; perhaps it would be 
more correct to say that they have 
been exposed to a secondary school 
education, in which the emphasis is 
on examination and not education. 

It must be remembered that English 
is the second language for these stu 
dents. Since their vocabulary is small, 
their comprehension is limited. 

Our objective is to provide a degree 
of intellectual independence that will 
serve as a useful base in the student s 
future professional life. This means 
that students are responsible for their 
own learning. We encourage them to 
teach themselves, to be critical but 
not necessarily to criticize and to 
think for themselves, rather than ac 
cept the "established" without ques 
tion. 

Our students have many major ad 
justments to make when they enter the 
school. They must accustom them 
selves to the classroom, the wards, and 
the residence. For many, the behavior 
expected of them is unlike anything 
they previously have encountered. 

In the introductory course, teach 
ing is by lecture, mainly because stu 
dents feel more secure with this meth 
od. Since they already have many 
adjustments to make, it seems pointless 
to upset them further by introducing a 
method of teaching that is foreign to 
them. 

In the elementary courses, talks, dis 
cussions, and synopses of their obser 
vations on field trips are introduced. 
This is the first step away from stereo 
typed lecture-teaching. When studies 
on general medicine and surgery of a 
system are started, another step toward 
self-teaching is taken: Certain lectures 
are omitted and group work is intro 
duced. Prior to this, the use of text 
and reference books has been taught. 
From each group of 18 students, six 
who show a facility with English leave 
the lecture-room and, under the guid 
ance of a tutor, begin discussion and 
independent note-taking on the topic 
being taught. This division of the class, 
although not good, continues until the 
six students reach a stage of proficien 
cy and security in the new learning 
process. This stage begins when the 
students appear less anxious about 
their note-taking, and more interested 
in discussing the topic. Their questions 
in discussions are better thought out, 
and more direct; there is an improve 
ment in their English and a more ma 
ture attitude to learning. 

At this point the six students are 



reunited with the group. Each assumes 
the responsibility for teaching two of 
her colleagues. The tutor s function, 
after outlining the salient points, is 
merely to supervise and allow the stu 
dents to proceed independently. To 
ward the end of the lecture, discussion 
is promoted and students are encour 
aged to air their difficulties. Recently, 
projects have been introduced on a 
variety of topics in which the students, 
with supervision and support, have 
begun independent inquiries. This is 
another step in the supervised teach- 
yourself program. 

By the end of the year, students who 
started in July, 1965, will be subjected 
to a minimum number of lectures, but 
a maximum number of tutorials and 
discussions. These students have indi 
cated, in their more relaxed moments, 
that this path is difficult and painful. 

Signs of progress 

The students progress has been 
quite remarkable. Especially pleasing 
is their increased maturity and self- 
discipline. 

What of the future? All avenues 
within the profession are open to them, 
and some thought has been given to 
forms of higher education. It is pos 
sible that after two years postgraduate 
experience some of these students will 
enter the local Polytechnic to 
gain university entrance qualifications. 
Then, thev could take a degree course 
at the University of Malawi. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



Public health project 
in Ontario 



How many public health nurses in 
Canada have had public health prepa 
ration? Nobody really knows be 
cause no studies have ever been done. 
An Ontario study, just completed 
and still in the reporting stage, has en 
tered the void, however, and could 
provide guidelines for further studies 
in other provinces or at the national 
level. 

The Ontario Department of Health 
has recently completed a census of 
community health nursing personnel, 
including all nurses and registered 
nursing assistants, employed within the 
broad field of public health in the 
province. For the purpose of this first 
census, public health work was broadly 
defined and related to function for 
example, registered nurses who carry 
out the functions of health teaching 
and counseling. It included all person 
nel and not only those with prepara 
tion in public health nursing. 

Miss Isabel Black, nursing consul 
tant, Research and Planning Branch, 
Ontario Department of Health, was 
principal investigator. She discussed 
the results in an interview with THE 
CANADIAN NURSE staff during the Con 
vention of the Canadian Public Health 
Association in Ottawa April 25-27. 
"Some of our findings were a little sur 
prising," she said. "And it will be a 
great advantage to have facts, instead 
of just suppositions, to support re 
quests to employers and government 
departments." 

Pilot study 

The Ontario study is, in a way, a 
pilot project. Such a census had been 
suggested for the whole of Canada, but 
funds were not available. Now that 
Ontario has developed a questionnaire 
with accompanying instructions, as 
well as designed a method for tabulat 
ing the data, it is possible that the 
study either could become a national 
study, or be carried out quite easily by 
individual provinces. 

The purpose of the census was to 
evaluate the adequacy in numbers and 
in educational preparation of nurses at 
all levels, both full and part-time. Data 
was also obtained on numbers of nurs 
ing assistants. A third objective was to 
use the information received to plan 
for recruitment and educational pre- 
38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Highest Academic Qualification 
of 3,254 Nursing Personnel 
Employed Full-Time or Part- 
Time for Public Health Work, 
Ontario, November 30, 1966 



Certificate/Diploma 
in Public Health 
Nursing 
42.2% 



Registered Nurses 

Diploma Programme 

38.5% 



Advanced ^_^ 
Certificate ^-~. 
in P.M. Nursing 
3.9% 



University 
Preparation other 
than Public Health 
0.7% 



Pon-basic 
Baccalaureate 
Degree 
5.8% 




Graduate 

Degree 

0.3% 



Registered 
Nursing 
Assistants 
3.4% 



paration of nursing personnel who are 
needed for present and future com 
munity health programs. The study in 
cluded all agencies who employ public 
health nurses both official and un 
official agencies. 

A newly released statement by the 
Canadian Public Health Association A 
Statement of Functions ami Qualifica 
tions for the Practice of Public Health 
Nursing in Canada, clearly states what 
is desirable in preparation of person 
nel. This should be helpful in compar 
ing what Ontario has with what it 
should have. 

The Ontario study had a 99.2 per 
cent return; 704 of a possible 706 
agencies replied to the questionnaire, 
and the two missing agencies employed 
only one nurse each. All official, non- 
official, visiting nurse (VON, St. Eli 
zabeth), and occupational health agen 
cies, and the Children s Aid Societies 
were included. This involved every in 



dividual engaged in public health work 
in the province, (qualified or unqua 
lified). The study reported on 3,142 
registered nurses (2,641 full-time; 501 
part-time) and 1 1 2 registered nursing 
assistants (103 full-time; 9 part-time). 
Instructions for completing the ques 
tionnaires were detailed, and well-ex 
plained. For example, the study did 
not request use of agency titles, but 
stated: "Regardless of the titles used 
within your agency, for the pur 
pose of this census you should 
review the duties of the nursing 
staff in light of the actual func 
tions they perform." The instruc 
tion sheet then defined the functions in 
each category. 

Results expected and unexpected 

Questionnaires sent to nurses-in- 
charge of community health agencies 
asked them to specify highest educa 
tional preparation and positions of all 

JUNE 1967 



The line of people who would like to have some facts about Canadian nursing forms to the left and is a long, long 
lineup. Now, however, a study on the educational preparation of public health nurses in Ontario will help fill the void. 



NURSING PERSONNEL EMPLOYED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH WORK BY PLACE 




OF EMPLOYENT AND POSITION HELD ONTARIO, NOVEMBER 30, 1966 




PLACE OF 
EMPLOYMENT 


POSITION HELD 


Director 
or 
Assistant 


Supervisor 
or 
Assistant 


Staff 
Nurse 


Staff 
Nurse 


Consultant 
Generalized 


Consultant 
Specialized 


TOTAL 
NURSES 


Registered 
Nursing Assistant 


Full Time 


Part Time 


Full Time 


Part Time 


Full Time 


Part Time 


Full Time 


Part Time 


Official Health Agencies 


61 


67 


1,081 


227 


9 





12 





1,457 


61 


5 




Boards of Education 


5 


1 


81 


34 


3 











124 












Visiting Nursing 
Associations* 


23 


29 


335 


85 


5 


2 


1 





480 


14 









Occupational Health 


23 


54 


651 


136 














864 


28 









Other Non-Official 




























Agencies 


11 


9 


69 


14 








1 


1 


105 





4 






Children s Aid 




























Societies 





11 


99 


2 














112 








| 


TOTAL 


123 


171 


2,316 


498 


17 


2 


14 


1 


3,142 


103 


9 


*Victorian Order of Nurses 
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses Association, Toronto 
St. Elizabeth Visiting Nurses Association, Hamilton 





staff, full or part-time. Results indi 
cated that 59.3 percent of all nurses 
had some public health qualification. 

"It is conceivable that this is a high 
er percentage than in other provinces," 
Miss Black said. "Ontario law speci 
fied that nurses working with the pub 
lic in official health agencies must be 
prepared in public health." The study 
showed that 87 percent of nurses in 
official agencies had public health 
training. The remaining 13 percent 
who do not have public health prepa 
ration perform activities that do not 
require it; they work under the direc 
tion of the supervisor of public health 
nursing. Ontario is the only province 
that has this requirement. 

Ten nurses (0.3 percent) employed 
in public health in Ontario have had 
preparation at the master s level. 

Of the 3,142 nurses working in the 
public health field in Ontario, 842 
nurses over one-quarter are em- 

JUNE 1967 



ployed in occupational health. These 
842 nurses are employed by 407 em 
ployers, indicating that these nurses 
work in small isolated groups apart 
from the mainstream of community 
nursing. "This group of nurses shows 
the highest percentage of nurses at the 
basic diploma level of preparation," 
said Miss Black. "Yet these nurses in 
their work with the family bread 
winner make a major contribution to 
community health. A study is now un 
derway on the functions and activities 
of these occupational health nurses," 
she added. 

Children s Aid Societies also em 
ploy a high percentage of diploma 
graduates (83 out of 112). Boards of 
Education have the highest percentage 
of graduates from baccalaureate pro 
grams -- 24.5 percent; the Victorian 
Order of Nurses is second highest with 
19.5 percent. Miss Black believes that 
the VON s early program of granting 



bursaries to degree candidates may be 
related to this higher percentage. Gov 
ernment bursaries for the degree 
courses in public health nursing were 
not available until 1965 after the 
recommendations of the Hall Royal 
Commission Report. 

The study began October 3, 1966; 
thus it was completed in only six 
months. Miss Black s committee in 
cluded: Miss C. Gray, Dr. E.N. Mac- 
Kay, Miss C. Maddaford, Miss A. 
Sayers, Miss S. Wallace, Mrs. L. Gra- 
ham-Cumming (CNA representative). 
Mrs. M. Outlier was field secretary for 
the project. 

Tables supplied by Miss Isabel Black. 
These have been prepared for the study and 
will appear in the complete report to be re 
leased later this year. An article on the 
study will be submitted to the Canadian 
Journal of Public Health. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 




40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



idea 
exchange 



Infant Seat for Fowler s Position 

Wise use of existing equipment is 
made by staff at The Children s Hos 
pital of Winnipeg. Recognizing that 
small infants who cannot sit up and 
are confined to crib still need visual 
stimulation, they make judicious use 
of the Infant Seat. 

Further, children with respiratory 
difficulty often should be placed in 
semi-Fowler s position especially 
during croupette or steam treatments. 
The plastic, easily-cleaned, light 
weight comfortable seats are ideal for 
the job. 

Scoot - Abouts 

Young children in body casts or hip 
spica for long periods are usually of 
necessity confined to a boring exist 
ence flat in their crib. 

Not so at The Children s Hospital 
of Winnipeg. There they not only join 
in games on the floor, they are mobile, 
too. 

An ingenious Y-shaped padded 
board on small caster wheels was de 
vised in the hospital carpentry shop at 
the suggestion of nurses. Children in 
hip spica, or even ordinary leg casts, 
are strapped onto this cart and are 
able to push themselves around with 
their hands on the floor. 



Head Halter 

Patients can be positioned comfort 
ably when sitting up in a chair by 
supporting them with pillows, but it is 
often difficult to maintain this. Pa 
tients tire quickly and slump down so 
they look most uncomfortable. 

To overcome this problem a head 
halter has been devised at the Neuro- 
surgical Unit of Toronto General Hos 
pital to hold the head upright. They 
have used it with much success. The 
halter not only holds the head erect 
but also enables the patient to support 
his head independently at an earlier 
stage in his convalescence. 

The halter is made of a white nylon 
material lined with flannelette. It is 
both washable and durable. The chin 
strap is contoured to fit comfort 
ably. Straps extend upwards from 
the chin strap. These can be adjusted 
to fit snugly over the head and are 
held in place by Velcro tape. The 
straps extend back from the fore 
head, are adjusted to fit snugly around 
the head and are held in place by 
Velcro tape. The head is held in place 
by tie tapes attached to either side 
of the halter. The method of attach 
ment will vary with the type of chair 
used; there should always be a straight 
pull to give the support needed to 
keep the head upright. 



X-ray Express 

An "Express Train" is used to 
transport children from the ward to 
x-ray, physiotherapy or laboratory de 
partments at the Joseph Brant Memor 
ial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario. It 
has been received with much delight. 
The children enjoy riding in it and it 
is a novel and safe experience as com 
pared to some wheelchair and stretch 
er accommodation for children; they 
certainly seem to feel safe in it. The 
staff have found that children enjoy a 
trip to any department and do not 
hesitate to hop in for their ride. It is 
explained to them that "they are going 
to have pictures taken," or some such 
description, but they do not question 
this. 

The "Express Train" was made in 
the hospital s carpentry shop with the 
ingenious ideas of the maintenance 
staff. Staff had seen something similar 
advertised, but quite different in de 
sign. The front of the train is painted 
bright red, the cabin is black with 
gold edging and gold paint on the bell 
and smoke stack. 

There have been very favorable 
comments from parents and doctors. It 
has now been in use for approximately 
eight months and seems to be a very 
valuable addition to ward equipment. 

The only major problem has been 
to keep it from becoming a plaything. 



The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Attitudes of nurses 
to nursing 



C. G. Costello, Ph.D. 



An attitude may be defined, follow 
ing Thurstone (1946) as the degree 
of positive or negative effect associated 
with some psychological object. This 
article is concerned with the attitude 
of nurses to nursing: for it, the concept 
"nursing" is considered a complex one, 
denoting such things as the role of the 
nurse and her relationship to the doc 
tor and to the patient; nursing edu 
cation programs; and the organiza 
tional structures within the profession. 

It can be expected that the attitudes 
of any particular group of people to 
a psychological object will be related 
to that group s belief concerning the 
object. This article, therefore, also con 
cerns itself with such matters as nurses 
perceptions of their role. The attitude 
of any particular group to a psycholog 
ical object can also be expected to 
be influenced by any common personal 
ity traits among the members. For this 
reason it is also necessary to consider 
personality traits of nurses. 

In 1960, the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation reported that one-fifth of all 
withdrawals from Canadian schools of 
nursing was attributable to "a dislike 
for nursing" on the part of the student 
nurses. The association also reported 
that both the number and percentage 
of students who withdrew for this rea 
son have increased steadily since 1951. 
This same dislike of nursing appears 
to be an important factor in relation 
to withdrawals from nursing after grad 
uation, according to studies. 1 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 





Dr. Costello is Professor of Psychology, 
the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 



Why should so many young people 
who have enthusiastically embraced 
the idea of nursing as a career discover 
that, in practice, they do not like it? 
There are many contributing aspects 
including the personality of the stu 
dent, the nature of the educational pro 
cess, and the nature of nursing prac 
tice. Competent researchers and obser 
vers have examined various phases of 



the complex background to the situa 
tion and, taken collectively, their find 
ings indicated that there may indeed 
be a conflict between what the student 
nurse hopes and expects to find in 
nursing practice and what she actually 
does find. If this is the situation, a fur 
ther conclusion would be that the rela 
tionship between the educational pro 
cesses and the practice of nursing 
would be a rewarding field of research. 

Two basic and undesirable possibili 
ties are inherent in this situation. Un 
necessary turnover in personnel or 
"drop-outs" to use a current term 
is expensive to the individual and to 
the profession. The other possibility 
emerges from the fact that because 
of the nature of the work done by 
nurses, job satisfaction is probably 
more important than in most other 
professions. A critical degree of dislike 
may be necessary to impel a nurse to 
leave the profession; but a lesser de 
gree of dislike may well inhibit high 
standards of nursing practice. 

In the light of this, it appears ap 
parent that the profession should seek 
the causes of the dislike of nursing 
exhibited by so many people who, by 
nature and instinct, believed they 
would enjoy nursing. In some respects 
the path to the necessary conclusions 
is already well marked. 

In 1963, George Van- reported the 
somewhat startling finding that those 
student nurses who liked nursing best 
were rated by supervisors as being 
poorest in practical aspects of nursing. 

JUNE 1967 



Conversely, those students who disliked 
nursing most were rated as being best 
in practical aspects of nursing. 

Van s interpretation of these results 
was that the more intelligent students 
are bored by repetitive work routines 
and consequently tend to develop neg 
ative attitudes toward nursing. These 
intelligent students, despite their atti 
tudes, are able to do their work bet 
ter than the other students. Van sug 
gests that his interpretation is given 
some support by Dr. Weir s report 3 
in 1932 that the median level of intel 
ligence of groups of student nurses in 
Canada decreases progressively from 
the first to the third year, indicating 
apparently that the more intelligent 
students drop out before completing 
the course. 

Other research data tend to support 
Van s interpretation. Olesen and Da 
vis 4 found that young student nurses 
believed originality and creativity and 
frequent innovation to be attributes of 
the ideal nurse. As they approached 
graduation they acquired a strong 
aversion to the bureaucratic portions 
of nursing practice. Brodt s investiga 
tion 5 indicated that the neophyte nurse 



envisions and expects more responsi 
bility and autonomy than the nursing 
supervisor permits. 

The findings of Smith" suggest that 
one of the reasons for the conflict be 
tween a nurse s expectation and the 
expectations of her supervisor arises 
because of the discrepancies in the 
perceptions of nursing held by head 
nurses and nursing educators. Head 
nurses, unlike nursing educators, tend 
ed to emphasize things such as con 
forming behavior, obedience, coopera 
tion. 

These conflicts between the ideal 
and real roles of nurses have been 
highlighted in relation to psychiatric 
nurses. Field and Pierce-Jones 7 found 
that student nurses, staff nurses, and 
instructors considered giving suppor 
tive emotional care the most important 
aspect of the psychiatric nurse s role; 
but they also found that administration 
and supervision took up most of the 
nurse s time. 

Personality of nurse 

In a profession where human rela 
tionships between the practitioner and 
the patient are of dominant importance, 



Table I 


Navran and 
Stauffacher, 
(1957) 


Zuckerman, 
(1958) 


3 

Ov 

Nv 

iT 
o 
D 

I 


13 

=3 OS 

i 

g~ 
33 

u a) 
*$ 


>/i 

-> 
O OS 

C i 

a ^ 

N at 

PS 

31 

s 


</> 

VD 
ON 

B 

o 




R 
I* 

u. -> 

1) 

N 

>~k flj 

00 


Achievement 




















Deference- 


+ 




+ 


+ 


+ 


+ 




Order 


+ 


+ 







+ 


+ 


+ 


Exhibition 



















Autonomy 























Affiliation 



















Introception 














+ 




Succorance 




+ 














Dominance 





















Abasement 




+ 


+ 




+ 






Nurturance 




+ 


+ 


+ 








Change 


















Endurance 


+ 




+ 


+ 


+ 


+ 


+ 


Heterosexuality 














9 




Aggression 


+ 







+ 


+ 








The results of studies of the personality of nurses when compared with 
those of female college graduates. A plus ( + ) sign indicates that nurses 
have significantly more of the particular need than college graduates. 
A negative ( ) sign indicates that they have significantly less of a need. 

JUNE 1967 



it is inevitable that the personality 
of the nurse will influence her response 
to the practice of nursing. If it can be 
demonstrated that nurses have certain 
personality traits in common, this fact 
will be of importance in relation to 
the attitudes of nurses to nursing. 

Much of the work on the personal 
ity of nurses has involved the use of 
Edward s Personal Preference Sched 
ule. 8 This personality test measures 
the needs in 15 areas. The need areas 
are listed below with a short descrip 
tion. 

1. Achievement 

Need to do a difficult job well 

2. Deference 

Need to conform to custom 

3. Order 

Need to have things organized 

4. Exhibition 

Need to be the center of at 
traction 

5. Autonomy 

Need to be independent of 
others in making decisions 

6. Affiliation 

Need to form strong attach 
ments 

7. Introception 

Need to analyze motives for 
action 

8. Succorance 

Need for affection 

9. Dominance 

Need to supervise and direct 
action of others 

10. Abasement 

Need to give in and avoid fights 

1 1 . Nurturance 

Need to help others 

12. Change 

Need to do new things 

13. Endurance 

Need to complete a job under 
taken 

14. Heterosexuality 

Need to be involved with 
members of the opposite sex 

15. Aggression 

Need to attack contrary points 
of view. 

Most of the work has compared nurses 
with female college graduates. The re 
sults of this work are summarized in 
Table I. 

The most striking thing about these 
findings is that five out of the seven 
studies indicate that nurses have a grea 
ter need for deference than female col 
lege graduates and have less need for 
dominance. Six of the seven studies in 
dicate that they have less need for au 
tonomy and a greater need for endur 
ance. Five of the seven studies indi 
cate a greater need for order, but there 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



is one study that reports a lesser need 
for order on the part of nurses so 
that it is as well to leave this finding 
in the "doubtful" category. 

These studies indicate that nurses 
want to conform to custom and have 
no strong desire to act independently 
or supervise the work of others. They 
also want to get on with a job until it 
is completed. 

There is no evidence to suggest that 
nurses are being frustrated in their 
work situation with regard to the com 
pletion of jobs - - at least no more 
so than others --so that one cannot 
say much more about their high need 
for endurance. 

It has been established that the stu 
dent nurse thinks of nursing as a pro 
fession in which demands on originality 
are made and in which there is little 
bureaucracy. However, head nurses ap 
pear to de-emphasize such originality 
and want the nurse to work under 
close supervision. What is surprising is 
that the personality of nurses would 
seem to fit in with the head nurses 
expectations and with what appear to 
be the reality of the nursing situation. 
Healey and Borg 9 , using the Guilford 
Martin Personnel Inventory, also found 
evidence of the submissiveness of 
nurses. 

There is also evidence that these 
conclusions may in fact be an over 
simplification of a complex situation. 
Other researchers, Garrison, 10 Gry- 
grier, 11 and Gynther and Gertz, 12 
found that those who were rated as 
good student nurses by the supervisors 
had more dominant personalities than 
those rated poorly. 

To recapitulate: Evidence indicates 
that student nurses obtain from their 
educators an image of a nurse as an 
original thinker and an innovator. The 
increasing emphasis on a liberal educa 
tion for student nurses will probably 
strengthen the image. During the time 
a nurse is a student, dominant behav 
ior would appear to be an asset. 
Probably at this stage, dominance will 
express itself in situations such as 
group discussions rather than in prac 
tical decision-making. When the stu 
dents graduate, they take positions 
that demand conformity, rather than 
originality. Dominance and autonomy 
will now be undesirable traits. As a 
group, nurses do not show these lat 
ter traits. Why is this? 

Is it because most of the dominant 
original thinkers will have left, leaving 
a few dominant original ones who 
will take the senior positions in nurs 
ing? Or do nurses mould their person 
alities to fit in with the expectations of 
their supervisors? 

That the second alternative may be 
the correct one is suggested by the 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



finding of Morrison 1 - 1 that nursing 
students who show in their self-reports 
a greater commitment to the nursing 
profession also show a greater con 
cordance between their perception of 
their own personalities and their per 
ception of a typical nurse than did 
those students with a lesser commit 
ment to nursing. Kilbrick and Tiede- 
man 14 have also found that during 
a period of adjustment, a tenant of 
any position will attempt a restruc 
turing of the position or the self so 
that they both fit. 

Whatever the interpretation of these 
findings it seems quite clear that there 
is a problem demanding intensive in 
vestigation and research. 

If a selection process is occurring 
that leads less dominant students to 
remain in nursing, then nursing edu 
cators will have to alter their aims and 
place less emphasis on innovation and 
originality of thought. This is so, be 
cause if nurses generally lack domin 
ance, the educators aims cannot be 
realized. Furthermore, the nurse in 
many cases will be impressed by the 
image presented to her by the nursing 
educators and if, for personality rea 
sons, she does not fit the image well, 
she is likely to be discontented. 

On the other hand, such a selection 
process may not be going on. It may 
be that a different process is occurring: 
Students have been presented with an 
image of a relatively autonomous orig 
inal thinker and have been rewarded 
for such behavior as a student; this 
is followed by a position in which 
these attributes are neither expected 
nor rewarded. This results in the stu 
dent having to acquire less dominant 
behaviors. Once again, many nurses 
can be expected to be unhappy be 
cause by the time they reach gradua 
tion age any changes in their persona 
lity that they can effect are bound to 
be superficial ones. 

In professions that may involve 
emergency situations, such as the arm 
ed forces, considerable amount of obe 
dience and conformity may be requir 
ed. Is such obedience and conformity, 
therefore, essential to nursing where 
life may be at stake? In other words, 
are nursing supervisors being more 
realistic than nursing educators? Does 
it depend on the particular area of 
nursing? It would seem that agree 
ment must be reached on the kind of 
person a nurse must be and what 
kind of role she must fill. Selection 
and education would then be able to 
proceed on a more realistic basis. 

References 

1. Diamond, Lorraine K. and Fox, David 
J. Turnover among hospital staff nurses. 
Nurs. Outlook Vol. 6, July. 1958. 



2. Van, George. Nursing attitudes. Canad. 
Hasp. 40:41-43, July, 1963. 

3. Weir, G. M. Survey oj Nursing in 
Canada. Toronto, The University of 
Toronto Press, 1932. 

4. Olesen, V.L. & Davis, F. Baccalaureate 
students images of nursing. Nurs. Res. 
15:151-158, 1966. 

5. Brodt, D. E. The neophyte nurse: a 
role expectation study. Nurs. Res. 13: 
255-258, 1964. 

6. Smith, K. M. Discrepancies in the role 

- specific values of head nurses and 
nursing educators. Nurs. Res. 14:196- 
202, 1965. 

7. Field, W. E. and Fierce-Jones, J. Role 
perception and acquisition in psychiatric 
nursing. Nurs. Res. 16:61-66, 1967. 

8. Edwards, A. L. Edwards Personal 
Preference Schedule. New York, Psy 
chological Corporation, 1959. 

9. Healey, I. & Borg, W. R. The voca 
tional interests of nurses and nursing 
students. /. Educ. Res. 46:347-352, 
1953. 

10. Garrison, K. C. The use of psycholog 
ical tests in the selection of student 
nurses. /. Appl. Psychol. 23:461-472, 
1939. 

1 1 . Grygier, P. The personality of student 
nurses. Int. J. Soc. Psychiat. 2:105-112, 
1956. 

12. Gynther, M. V and Gertz, B. Personal 
ity charasteristics of student nurses in 
South Carolina. J. Soc. Psychol. 56: 
277-284, 1962. 

13. Morrison, R. L. Self-concept implement 
ation in occupational choices. J. Coun 
sel. Psychol. 9:285-260, 1962. 

14. Kilbrick, A. K. and Tiedeman, D. V. 
Conception of self and perception of 
role in schools of nursing. J. Counsel. 
Psychol. 8:62-69, 1961. rj 



JUNE 1967 



research abstracts 



Tiffney, Helen Patricia. Guidlines for an 
inservice education program for general 
duty nurses in a rehabilitation unit. 
London, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. 
of Western Ontario. 

This study is concerned with developing 
guidelines for an inservice education pro 
gram for general duty nurses in a rehabilita 
tion unit. The key concepts of rehabilitation 
and the perceived role of the nurse in such 
a nursing specialty were determined through 
an investigation of the available literature. 

To discover the competency of the grad 
uate duty nurse s performance on employ 
ment in a rehabilitation unit, information 
was sought through a questionnaire survey 
of the agencies in Canada that offer re 
habilitation services. Through an interview 
survey of a selected number of agencies, 
the author obtained information regarding 
the nature and extent of inservice education 
provided for the graduate nursing staff. 

The findings reveal that the new general 
duty nurse requires intensive and extensive 
assistance to become prepared to function 
optimally in her role in a rehabilitation 
unit. The interviews in selected agencies 
revealed that certain factors, such as phys 
ical facilities, equipment, and organization 
and preparation of personnel, hinder the 
fulfillment of the nurse s role in rehabita- 
tion. 

On the basis of these findings, certain 
implications were derived. Specific recom 
mendations were made regarding ways to 
improve the initial preparation of profes 
sional nurses, as well as their continuing 
education, to enable them to provide intel 
ligent and meaningful care for the chron 
ically ill and disabled. 



Lee, Margaret Naomi. Preferences for uni 
versity teaching as the career goal of 
baccalaureate students of nursing grad 
uating from selected universities in 
Canada. New York, 1966. Thesis (Ed. 
D.) Columbia University. 

The purpose of this study was to dis 
cover how graduating baccalaureate stu 
dents of nursing viewed university teaching 
as a career goal. It had four objectives: 

1. to find how graduating baccalaureate 
students of nursing in Canada ranked uni 
versity teaching as a career goal in com 
parison with other leadership positions; 

2. to determine how respondents opinions 

JUNE 1967 



agreed with expert opinions expressed in 
the literature regarding academic prepara 
tion for nurse-faculty; 3. to discover how 
they viewed university teaching as an oc 
cupation; and 4. to make recommendations 
based on the data regarding the encourage 
ment of students in baccalaureate programs 
to consider university teaching as a career 
goal. 

A questionnaire designed to gather the 
data was pretested and revised. Six univer 
sities were visited and data gathered from 
303 senior students of nursing; those reg 
istered in basic programs and in post- 
basic programs numbered 80 and 223, res 
pectively. Data were analyzed in these 
two groupings. A tally of choices made 
from paired comparisons was used to dis 
cover how university teaching ranked with 
other leadership positions. Respondents indi 
cated: 1. their plans for further education; 
2. preferred position of nursing leadership 
5 and 10 years following baccalaureate 
graduation; 3. whether or not they had dis 
cussed university teaching with nurse-faculty; 
and 4. their parents educational level. 

Respondents opinions regarding mini 
mum and most desirable qualifications for 
nurse-faculty were compared with expert 
opinions found in the literature. Res 
pondents indicated on two scales their reac 
tions to a series of statements regarding 
the working lives of university nurse- 
faculty. 

The findings indicated that university 
teaching ranked as first choice for res 
pondents from basic programs and second 
choice for respondents from post-basic 
programs. In neither group did the opin 
ions of the majority agree with those of 
experts regarding minimum academic pre 
paration for nurse faculty. Of respondents 
who chose university teaching: 1. 34 came 
from basic programs and 65 from post- 
basic programs; 2. only a minority chose it 
for 1971 and 1976; 3. a minority from 
both groups had discussed their choice with 
nurse-faculty; 4. a minority from basic 
programs would seek academic preparation 
to qualify as nurse-faculty; and 5. the 
majority from basic and post-basic pro 
grams were young enough to justify the in 
vestment of time and money necessary to 
become qualified nurse-faculty. Respon 
dents reactions to a series of statements 
concerning the working lives of nurse- 
faculty showed wide disparity of opinion. 

Three of the universities could expect to 
graduate a total of 12 respondents register 
ed in basic baccalaureate programs. 



As a result of the findings of this study, 
it is recommended that students interested 
in a university career as nurse-faculty 
should: 1. consider its inherent responsi 
bilities and its advantages and disadvant 
ages; 2. know the general academic stan 
dards required in Canada for university 
teachers and the opinions of experts regard 
ing academic standards for nurse-faculty; 
3. be encouraged to discuss university teach 
ing with faculty from other disciplines and 
with qualified nurse-faculty; 4. apply for 
admission to graduate or doctoral programs 
that prepare university teachers of nursing; 
and 5. be encouraged to regard university 
teaching as a stable, developing career. 
More information is urgently needed regard 
ing working lives and employment condi 
tions for nurse-faculty in Canada. 

General recommendations are: 1. more 
students should be encouraged to consider 
university teaching as a career goal; 2. fur 
ther studies to determine the career choices 
of baccalaureate graduates need to be car 
ried out; 3. the minimum and most desir 
able academic standards for nurse faculty 
should be established and published widely; 
and 4. more specific data regarding faculty 
and students in university programs in nurs 
ing are needed. 



O Sullivan, Sister M. Celestine. A study 
of the unit manager concept in action. 
London, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. 
of Western Ontario. 

An attempt was made in this study to 
determine the advantages and disadvantages 
of a unit manager system operational in 
one hospital, and to determine the feasi 
bility and desirability of initiating a unit 
manager system in relieving the head nurse 
of non-professional and non-nursing activi 
ties. Information was obtained through field 
experience at a particular hospital that 
utilizes a unit manager program, and 
through data gathered by questionnaire 
from eight hospitals that have or have had 
a unit manager system. 

In concluding the report, guidelines are 
detailed that could be functional if an 
experimental study of a unit manager pro 
gram were initiated in one of these four 
general hospitals operated by a religious 
community. It is anticipated that these 
guidelines could be modified and adapted 
for a similar experimental study in the 
three remaining general hospitals. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



books 



Programmed Instruction in Arithmetic, 

Dosages, and Solutions, by Dolores 
F. Saxton, R.N., B.S., M.A., and John 
F. Walter, Sc.B., M.A. 56 pages. Saint 
Louis, Mosby, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. EM. Orr, former 
director of nursing, The Ontario Hospital, 
Brockville, Ontario. 

Advertised as the first book to be pro 
grammed by a mathematician and applied 
by a nursing specialist, this publication 
is a reliable mathematical aid to the studert 
nurse. Confident in its authority, she will 
more readily relate her high school teach 
ing to the science of calculating dosages 
safely. 

The new method of programming, the 
Skinner or linear method, affords the 
student the time, outside the classroom, to 
examine her own accuracy and her ground 
ing in mathematics, or lack of it. It 
provides, also, the seclusion for reviewing 
and progressing at one s own rate. 

This conveniently-handled and attractive 
wire-o-bound book presents its material in 
three parts. The first part contains a review 
of Roman numerals, fractions, decimals, 
percentage, and ratio and proportion all 
of which is basic and pertinent to phar 
macology. With the template provided in 
a pocket inside the front cover, the student 
conceals the answer while reading the 
explanatory remarks and question. Im 
mediately she is able to slide the template 
down the page and compare her answer 
with the correct one provided in the margin. 

Part two presents the systems of measure 
ment. It includes conversion between the 
centigrade and fahrenheit scales, the apo 
thecaries , metric and household systems, 
as well as the equivalents and conversion 
between the systems. Part three deals with 
the mathematics involved in computing 
dosages from tablets, capsules, powders, 
and prepared strength liquids, and from 
drugs manufactured in systems other than 
the apothecaries and metric. It also includes 
dosages for infants and children and the 
preparation of solutions from pure drugs, 
tablets, and prepared strength solutions. 

As an aid to the instructor in preparing 
her material for classroom and laboratory 
presentation, the text provides mathematical 
explanations and questions that embrace 
a wide range of drugs with their common 
dosage range, their marketed form, some 
situations in which they are prescribed, 
time spacing and the method of calculating 
and preparing the correct dosage. 

This book should be a valuable support 

46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



to the student in becoming a safe person 
to administer drugs. 

Foundations of Anatomy and Phy 
siology, by Janet S. Ross, R.G.N.. 
R.F.N., and Kathleen J.W. Wilson, B.Sc., 
R.G.N., S.C.M. 451 pages. Toronto, 
Macmillan Company of Canada, 1965. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Geraldine Nakonechny, 
instructor in anatomy and physiology, 
University of Alberta Hospital, Edmon 
ton, Alberta. 

This text was designed to introduce the 
subject of anatomy and physiology in a 
simple form and the authors have met this 
objective. 

Content is presented according to sys 
tems with an added chapter on basic nutri 
tion that precedes the digestive system. 
Information is current and well summarized, 
although perhaps somewhat too brief in 
aspects of physiology. Each chapter is well 
organized. 

Many realistic and uncomplicated dia 
grams, almost one per page, are used to 
illustrate the subject material. Excellent 
use of color and shading has contributed 
to the clarity of these diagrams. 

This book could be used as a text for 
student nurses in conjunction with supple 
mentary readings from other sources. 
Graduate nurses would find it a quick 
reference. Anyone returning to nursing 
after some abscence would appreciate the 
additional feature of conciseness. 

The Foundations of Nursing by Lillian 
DeYoung, R.N., B.S., M.S. 279 pages. 
Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss S. M. Burkinshaw, 
director, school of nursing, Kingston 
General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario. 

The reader gains an immediate impres 
sion of the purpose of the book from the 
Preface. The sections are clearly defined in 
the Table of Contents and the material is 
presented in a way that is in keeping with 
the progress of the nursing student through 
the stages of her preparation. A compre 
hensive index is found at the end of the 
book. 

The topics are well covered and the 
information is up-to-date. Although some 
of the material is especially pertinent for 
nurses practicing in the United States, the 
same information can be applied to nursing 
in Canada. 

This excellent book deals with questions 
that arise in all nursing students minds 
at some junction of their basic nursing 
course. It would be of great assistance to 



those who expect to take nursing positions 
following graduation. It discusses job oppor 
tunities and the responsibilities that are 
assumed by applicants when they seek and 
accept positions. 

This book is highly recommended as a 
required reading text in schools of nursing, 
and should be available in school of nurs 
ing libraries. 

Taking the Hospital to the Patient, 
Home Care for the Small Com 
munity by John R. Griffith, 55 pages. 
Battle Creek, Michigan, W. K. Kellog 
Foundation, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Mary E. Gibbon, nurse 
administrator, Guelph-Wellington Home 
Care Program, Guelph, Ontario. 

This is a report on four separate home 
care programs in small communities, fin 
anced by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. 
The four American cities ranged in popula 
tion from 13,000 to 35,000. The programs 
do differ somewhat in their organization 
and terms of reference but they are all 
hospital-based programs. However, unlike 
Canadian hospital-based programs, they do 
admit patients directly from the community. 

It is interesting that these four home care 
programs seem to have flourished moderate 
ly well without a base of established com 
munity services, such as visiting nurses and 
homemakers, to draw upon. In two pro 
grams the nurse coordinator (the equiv 
alent of our nurse administrator) was not 
qualified in public health nursing. On the 
other hand, the two programs that did 
have trained public health nurses were able 
to attract a relatively greater number of 
patients and were apparently able to pro 
vide a service that was more satisfactory 
to their physicians. 

In one area the bedside care was taken 
on by the official public health nurses. In 
two other programs hospital nurses worked 
part-time in home visiting. The fourth 
program used full-time nurses and assigned 
them permanently to the home care pro 
gram. It had sufficient patients to afford 
this policy. 

All four programs established a method 
by which the medical staff supervised the 
activities of home care. Each hospital ap 
pointed a physician to participate regularly 
in program activity. The principal duty of 
the medical staff representative is to attend 
a weekly meeting with the home care per 
sonnel, and review patients with them. There 
is considerable direct communication with 
individual doctors but the presence of a 

JUNE 1967 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



The adolescent 
in hospital 

Problems of 
hemophilia 

Programmed instruction 



ft 



Photo credits 



Julien LeBourdais, p. 18 



Burlington Gazette, p. 40 



University of Toronto, p. 40 



books 



specific physician has been found useful 
in all programs. 

These programs emphasize the fact that 
small hospitals cannot afford to restrict 
the availability of home care. They do 
not restrict the kinds of patients they will 
treat. The services provided are those need 
ed by the patient whether this is only one 
service or several. Generally speaking, the 
amount of service given seems to be low 
compared to other home care programs. 

The programs are financed by the in 
dividual hospitals. Some patients have 
insurance that covers home care, others 
pay themselves. For those patients who do 
not have any insurance to cover hos- 
pitalization, home care is a great financial 
help. The average cost per day for these 
programs is between three and four dol 
lars. The budget for the programs ranged 
from $10,000 to $25,000. 
These four home care programs, although 
differing from one another, do show that 
the benefits of home care are possible in 
communities that have very few established 
community services. 



Hospital Policy Decisions : Process 
and Action, by Arthur B. Moss, Wayne 
G. Broehl, Jr., Robert H. Guest, and John 
W. Hennessey, Jr. 332 pages. Toronto, 
Macmillan of Canada, 1966. 
Reviewed by Sister F.L. Rooney, assist 
ant administrator, Holy Family Hospital, 
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. 

This is detailed empirical study of the 
policy process in three general north 
eastern hospitals in the United States. It 
is the result of the combined effort of 
four researchers working over a two-year 
period and is intended to provide a basis 
for policy makers to reexamine ways of 
thinking about process. 

It is a unique study in its examination 
of the dynamics of the policy process at 
several organizational levels. It moves 
into largely uncharted areas and deals with 
controversial and uncertain points. The 
authors focus continually upon the impact 
of key roles of the governing board, ad 
ministrator and medical staff on the sel 
ection of goals and development of policies. 

Comparisons are made of ways of devel 
oping, stating, implementing, and evaluating 
policies in an organization that embraces 
collaborative activity among widely diver 
gent group. 

The book has been organized into six 
parts, four of which contain the substance 
of field analysis, each part centering in 
depth on a particular function, role, or 
process. In the fifth part, budget mech 
anism is dealt with as a vehicle for drawing 
together knowledge diffused among the 



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JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



books 



board, medical, and administrative staffs. 

Part six builds up the conclusions of 
the analysis. Throughout the study the 
theme of interrelationships is used. 

This is an interesting study and will 
prove enriching, especially to board mem 
bers and medical staff. A practical bib 
liography concludes the text, and serves 
as a good source for further study. As a 



reference text it will prove valuable to 
many involved in policy making. 

Practical Nutrition for Nurses b y A n n 
M. Brown, B.Sc., M.N.S., S.R.D. 133 
pages. London, William Heinemann Med 
ical Books Ltd., 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Bernice M. Ward, 
B.Sc., lecturer, School of Nursing, Uni 
versity of Alberta. 

The purpose of this book as stated by the 
author, is to give the nurse an insight into 
the broader aspects of the science of nu- 



ONE STEP PREP 





with 

FLEET ENEMA 

single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA S fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 /2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 1 00 cc. of fiEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphote 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. 



Regiitrd lrod mark. 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS 



trition and dietetics. In the space of 133 
pages one could hardly do more. 

The chapters are confined to one topic 
and are very short and concise so that the 
reader does not lose interest through a lot 
of detail. 

Topics discussed include the three major 
food types, minerals, vitamins, nutrition in 
different groups, and in pregnancy and lacta 
tion, food habits and hygiene, nutrition in 
the hospital, and, finally, an interesting 
chapter on world food problems. 

In each chapter, normal nutrition is 
followed by a discussion of dietary mod 
ifications, sample menus, and helpful teach 
ing points. 

Some inclusions in the text make it less 
suitable for use in Canada, e.g., in recipes 
for preparation of food, there is reference 
to brand name products that are not readily 
available here and in the sample menus 
quite a number of foods are listed that are 
not common table fare, except perhaps in 
the coastal regions. 

The author gives the historical back 
ground of discoveries and research that 
have advanced our knowledge of nutrition 
and uses a wide variety of quotations by 
famous people to emphasize a point. These 
certainly do add to the pleasure of reading 
the book. 

The text has an international flavor in 
that dietary patterns and deficiencies of 
various cultures of the world are discussed. 

Because of the above-mentioned points 
the book may have limited use as a text in 
Canadian nursing programs but would be 
a valuable addition to a school library as 
a reference book. 



films 



MONTREAL 

FOUNDfO II 



CANAO 

v/ass 



New psychiatric treatment technique 

Reinforcement Therapy is a recently re 
leased black-and-white film that describes 
a new psychiatric treatment technique. This 
new method has also been described as "be 
havior modification." 

The film shows three experimental pro 
grams that apply learning theory to the 
treatment of mentally and emotionally dis 
turbed children and adults, and to the 
teaching of the mentally retarded. 

The basic principle involved is that cer 
tain behaviors are a function of conse 
quences; reward and punishment serve to 
regulate behavior. 

The film would be useful in educational 
programs for student nurses. It may be bor 
rowed from Smith Kline & French Labora 
tories, 300 Laurentian Blvd., Montreal 9, 
P.Q. 

Measles eradication 

The Death of the Spotted Dragon is an 

8-minute, color, sound film describing the 

JUNE 1967 



films 



measles eradication program carried out by 
the Rhode Island Medical Society on Jan 
uary 23, 1966. The film was prepared as 
part of the information blitz for the U.S. 
national campaign to wipe out measles. 

The one-day program to vaccinate all 
susceptible children between 1 and 12 years 
of age required coordination and coopera 
tion of all community resources; the film 
shows how all community resources can 
be brought into action on a public health 
issue. 

The film would be helpful for public 
health nurses, and also could be used ef 
fectively with lay audiences. It would be 
especially useful for showing to volunteer 
groups if a vaccination program is planned. 
The film can be obtained on loan from the 
National Film Board. 

Drug Addiction 

Hooked is a 20-minute, black and white, 
sound film. It describes the experiences of 
drug addiction told in the words of former 
young addicts. These young people tell of 
the shocking devastation of their experience 
and speak with the voice of reality rather 
than authority. It is mainly directed toward 
the rebellious youth group. 

It was prepared for high school students, 
but also would be of interest to nursing stu 
dents. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material receiv 
ed recently in the CNA library are shown 
in language of source. The majority (refe 
rence material and theses, indicated by R 
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem 
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
50) and should be addressed to: The Li 
brary, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4. Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Elementary rehabilitation nursing care; 
a manual for nurses and ancillary workers 
in nursing homes, hospitals, convalescent 
facilities and public health agencies. Prepar 
ed by Colorado State Dept. of Health Edu 
cation and Welfare, Public Health Service, 
Division of Nursing, 1966. 99p. 

2. Great societies and quiet revolutions. 
Report of Canadian Institute on Public Af 
fairs, 35th Couchiching Conference, 1966. 
Ed. by John Irwin. Toronto, Canadian 
Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 129p. 

3. Hospital policy decisions: process and 
action by Arthur B. Moss and others. New 
York, Putnam s, 1966. 332p. 

JUNE 1967 



4. Instructors guide and reference. Re 
print. Toronto, Canadian Red Cross So 
ciety, Water Safety Service, 1 966. Iv. (va 
rious paging) 

5. An introduction to psychiatric nursing 
by David Boorer and Heather Boorer. 1st 
ed. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1966. 175p. 

6. The lamp and the book; the story of 
the RCN 1916-1966 by Gerald Bowman. 
London, Queen Anne Press, and Royal Col 
lege of Nursing and National Council of 
Nurses of the United Kingdom, 1967. 206p. 

7. The law and procedure of meetings in 
Canada by William Graham Craig. Toron 
to, Ryerson, 1966. 90p. 



8. National libraries: their problems and 
prospects; Symposium on National Libraries 
in Europe, Vienna, 8-27 September 1958. 
Paris, UNESCO, 1960. 125p. 

9. Nurses handbook of fluid balance by 
Norma Milligan Metheny and William D. 
Snively, 1st ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 
1967. 279p. 

10. The shifting scene; building for 
strength; papers presented at the 21st con 
ference of the Council of Member Agen 
cies of the Department of Baccalaureate and 
Higher Degree Programs. New York, 1967. 
40p. 

11. A study in labour market adjustment 



TO PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 




. 




Marriage if a responsibility that often re 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance 
from professional people. In many instances 
a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo 
man, mother, or a mature woman. 

"To Plan For A Lifetime, Wan With Your Doc 
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist 
in preparing a woman for patient-physician 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet stresses the importance to the indi 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suits her religious, medical, and psychological 
needs. 



ORDER FORM To: Mead Johnson Laboratories, 

111 St. Clair Avenue West, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 



Nurses are invited to use the coupon below 
to order copies for use as an aid in coun 
selling. They will be supplied by Mead John 
son Laboratories as a free service. 




LABORATORIES 



~\ 



Please nd copies of "To Plan For A lifetime, Plan With Your 

r\~.rt*r" *H- 



Doctor" to: 



Name 
Addreu 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



accession list 



by J.T. Montague and J. Vanderkamp. Van 
couver. University of British Columbia, 
1966. I34p. 

PAMPHLETS 

12. Cinquieme rapport. Geneve. Organisa 
tion mondiale de la Sante, Comite d experts 
des soins infirmiers, 1966. 34p. 

13. Clues for parents about alcohol and 
drugs. Toronto, Addiction Research Foun 
dation of Ontario, 1967? 52p. 

14. Document reproduction services by 
F. Donker Duyvis and M.E. Schippers. Pa 
ris, UNESCO, 1961. 23p. 

15. Guide on recommended employment 
standards for registered nurse positions. 
Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona State Nurses 
Association, 1965. 12p. 

16. The impact of the great society on 
public health practice by Edward S. Rogers, 
New York, American Nurses Association. 
1966. 32p. 

17. Microphotography in the library by 
Alfred Gunther. Paris, UNESCO. 1962. 26p. 

18. The nurse scientist. Cleveland, Ohio. 
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, 
Western Reserve University, 1966? 15p. 

19. The role of the licensed practical 



nurse in disaster approved by American 
Nurses Association and National Federa 
tion of Licensed Practical Nurses, New 
York, 1966. 8p. 

20. Three approaches to disaster nursing; 
a symposium presented at the 45th biennial 
convention of the American Nurses Asso 
ciation, San Francisco, Calif., June 15, 1966. 
New York, American Nurses Association, 
1967. 25p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 

21. Bureau of Statistics. Canada one 
hundred 1867-1967, Ottawa, Queen s Print 
er. 1967. 504p. 

22. Dept. of Labour, Women s Bureau. 
Facts and figures about women in the la 
bour force 1966. Ottawa, 1967. 14p. 

23. Dept. of Manpower and Immigration, 
Manpower Information and Analysis 
Branch. Program Development Service. Ca 
reer outlook university graduates 1966/67 . 
Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1966. 73p. 

24. Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices. La formation infirmiere au Canada 
par Helen Kathleen Mussallem. Ottawa, 
Imprimeur de la Reine, 1966. 144p. 

25. Royal Commission on Health Services. 
Study of chiropracters, osteopaths and na- 
turopaths in Canada by Donald L. Mills. 
Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1966. 294p. 

26. Royal Commission on Health Services. 



Voluntary health organizations in Canada 
by Elizabeth S.L. Govan. Ottawa, Queen s 
Printer, 1966. 202p. 

United States 

27. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Hospital services 
in the U.S.S.R.; report of the U.S. delega 
tion on hospital systems planning. June 26 
- July 16, 1965. Washington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1966. 76p. 

28. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. No laughing 
matter; the cartoonist focuses on air pol 
lution. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. Iv. (n.p.) 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 

29. A comparison of patients progress 
in the intensive care unit and in general 
wards by Virginia G. Dacanay. Montreal 
1965. Thesis (M.Sc. Appl) - McGill Uni 
versity. 42p. R 

30. A study of the behavior of nursing 
students during a categorization task by Jo- 
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc. (Appl) 
McGill University. 46p. R. 

31. A study to identify the bases on 
which nurses in hospitals make decisions 
concerning patients by Isabel T. Colvin. 
Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.(Appl) 
McGill University. 46p. R. 




Hospital Insurance Commission 

Province of Nova Scotia 
Requires the services of a 

NURSING COUNSELLOR 



MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: Registered Nurse with Bachelor s De 
gree in Nursing; several years ex 
perience at supervisory level; some 
teaching experience an asset but not 
essential. 



DUTIES: 



Assess all phases of nursing service 
and nursing education in hospitals; 
conduct studies and research projects 
in the field of nursing; act as advisor 
to hospitals and the Commission in 
all matters related to nursing. 



SALARY: 



$5,700 - $7,800 commensurate 
qualifications and experience. 
Full Civil Service benefits. 



with 



Further particulars may be obtained 

from the Nova Scotia Hospital Insurance Commission, P.O. Box 
1057, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Application forms may be ob 
tained from the NOVA SCOTIA CIVIL SERVICE COM 
MISSION, P.O. Box 943, Halifax, Nova Scotia or the 
PROVINCIAL BUILDING, Sydney, Nova Scotia. 

No. A5571 



Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 

Borrower 

Registration No 

Position 



Address 

Date of request 



50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



diploma or degree nurse 




Go South to Syracuse and See! 



You II find friends at State University 
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse, a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S. 
city. 

You II also find a helpful administration, 
professional level salaries (up to $6.476 
to start, depending on your qualifying 
education and experience). 



Fine benefits, too. Eleven paid holidays, 
13 to 20 paid vacation days, sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs. 

Above all, you II find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you ll 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be, and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 



STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE, N.Y. 




6CN67 



Miss Adele Wright, R.N. 
Director of Nursing Services 
State University Hospital of the 
Upstate Medical Center at 
Syracuse, New York U.S.A. 13210 



I am interested: 

[] Send me full information, please 
D I d like to talk with you when I m in Syracuse 

, (date) (time) 

n Please send me application forms 

Name _ 

Address__ 

City 



_Province_ 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda 
tion available, MSI and Blue Cross in effect. Salary 
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra 
tor Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 

1-59-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for 
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors, Res 
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect. 
Salary $38Q-$45Q/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 

1-59-2 



R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16-bed hospital, 
100 miles North of Calgary, on paved Highway. 
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity 
of advancement to Director of Nursing. Apply Elnora 
General Hospital, Elnora, Alberta. 1-35-1 A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in modern 30- 
bed hospital in southern Alberta. Salary range 
from $380 - $440 with credit for past experience. 
Residence accommodation available with main 
tenance at $45 per month. Medical, hospital, 
and pension plans in effect. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Border Counties Genera! Hospital, Milk 
River, Alberta. 1-100-1 

General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available $35.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-6J-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A 

NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta- 1-5-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 

General Duty Nurses for new 50-bed active General 
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmonton on main highway. Salary range $380 to 
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full 
maintenance available in nurses residence for $45 
per month. Positions available for both summer 
relief and permanent employment. For further in 
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N., 
Lacombe General Hospital, Lacombe, Alberta, 

1-54-1 A 

O.R. Nurse and General Duty R.N. s required for 
a 70-bed hospital in Northern Alberta. For further 
particulars please apply to: The Director of Nursing, 
Peace River Municipal Hospital, Peace River, Alber 
ta. 1-69-1 

STAFF NURSES required for Grande Prairie Health 
Unit. Generalized program plus special programs 
planned for local needs. Grande Prairie is a city 
of 12,000 population with well -developed year- 
round recreational and educational facilities. Start 
ing salary for P.H.N. with experience is $479.00 per 
month. Please address replies to Doctor R. T. Pagan, 
M.O.H., Grande Prairie Health Unit, 10104 99th 
Avenue, Grande Prairie, Alberta. 1-42-3 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 

B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

Operating Room Supervisor ($458 - $556). Male or 
female, for active 164- bed hospital. Post-graduate 
training desirable. Salary and personnel policies in 
accordance with RNABC agreement. Residence 
accommodation available (female). Apply in detail 
to, Director of Nursing, TraM-Tadanac Hospital, 
Trail, B.C. 2-72-2 

A Medical-Surgical Nursing Instructor, with University 
preparation, for a 450-bed hospital with a school of 
nursing, 150 students. Apply: Sister Mary Ronalda, 
M.N., Director, School of Nursing, St. Joseph s Hos 
pital, Victoria, B.C. 2-76-5B 



52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine Surgery and Psychiatry, Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rale $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 

attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31 -bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses residence available. 
Apply in writing to : Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 

General Duty Nurses for modern 85- bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi 
ence. Industry gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 

General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

General Duty Nurse for well-equipped 25-bed hos 
pital in the beautiful Robson Valley. RNABC salary 
schedule in effect also northern allowance. Resi 
dence accommodation available. Apply : Director 
of Nursing, McBride and District Hospital, McBride, 
Bristish Columbia. 2-40-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well-equipped 48-bed 
General Hospital in the Okanagan Valley. RNABC 
policies in effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, St. 
Martin s Hospital, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, C ran brook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect, Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, ISO-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC, Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 

JUNE 1967 



The Saskatchewan 

Registered Nurses 

Association 

Invites applications 
for the position of 

NURSING SERVICE 
ADVISOR 

The applicant must have advan 
ced preparation and experience 
in Nursing Service. 

For further information and ap 
plication form, 

Please contact: 

MISS VERA SPENCER 

President SRNA 

No. 8 3838 Retallack Street 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES 

FOR 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern, 220-bed, fully accre 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
Lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex 
cellent personnel policies. 

Apply in confidence to: 
Director of Nursing, 

BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brandon, Manitoba. 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
yeor-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now .Staff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54 per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



REGISTERED NURSES for sunny California. Excit 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa 
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Staff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfieid Memorial Hos 
pital, P.O. Box J888, Bakersfieid, California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 327-1792. 15-5-5A 

Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Idea! climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

REQUIRED FOR 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



SARNIA GENERAL 



H 



I T 




Excellent working conditions with opportunity for creative thinking in 
nursing education and freedom to use new ideas. 

Modern classrooms and facilities. Present student enrollment 95. 

Plans are in progress for a Regional School. 

Good starting salary with special consideration for experience or 
degree. 

Minimum qualifications Diploma in nursing education. 

Apply: Personnel Director, Sarnia General Hospital, Sarnia, Ontario, Can. 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



MANITOBA 



ONTARIO 



GENERAl DUTY NURSES Salary non B.C. 
registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390 - 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience), 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273- $311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 

General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex- 
perienc9 and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day s annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwestern B.C. 
1967 salaries: B.C. Registered $405, General Duty 
B.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $50 /m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
rt,, m k; 2-70-2 



Columbia. 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mr. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 




Graduate Nurses for General Duty in modern 188- 
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli 
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per month. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hospital, 
Nnnaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1 

STOP! Summer is just around the corner and with 
it Vacations & Staff Changes. Applications will be 
received for positrons on the staff of our modern 
80-bed general hospital situated in the Fraser Valley 
convenient to Vancouver, Okanagan Valley, Van 
couver Island and Seattle. Accommodation available 
in Staff Residence. RNABC. Personnel Policies in 
effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Langley Me 
morial Hospital, Murrayville, B.C. 2-44-1 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 



MANITOBA 



utred for 50-bed general hospital 

nitoKrt ^tnrt inn enlnrw H^fW"! n*r 




. 

Administrator, Wilson Memorial Hospital 
Manitoba. 

54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Registred Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
as possible, at GLENBORO HOSPITAL a 16-bed 
hospital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
available. Starting salary January 1, 1967 $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenbaro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1A 

Applications are invited from R.N. s currently regis 
tered in Manitoba for the position of matron in 
17-bed hospital at Grandview, Man. Please state 
salary expected. Some experience preferred and 
allowance made for same. Board and room avai 
lable in residence at reasonable rates. Personnel po 
licies on request. Enquiries should include experience 
and qualifications. Apply to: Grandview Hospital, 
Box 8, Grandview, Man. 3-29-1 

Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses for 

modern 48-bed acute care hospital in Mantoba s 
only Paper Town, 80 miles from Winnipeg, excep 
tional recreational facilities close to beach areas. 
Salary range Registered Nurses $395-$480, Licens 
ed Practical Nurses $270-$310, with consideration for 
past experience. Modern residence, excellent person 
nel policies. Apply: Mrs. M. Gold, Director of Nurs 
ing, Pine Falls General Hospital, Pine Falls, Man 
itoba, or phone collect 367-8379. 3-44-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Corn- 



Registered Nurse for 17-bed hospital at Melita, Man 
itoba. Salary range $395-$480. Generous personnel 
policies. Full details available on request. Apply: 

l, Melita, 



munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 



NOVA SCOTIA 



3-37-1 



REGISTERED NURSES for 53- bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 

Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens Genera! 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 

Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community -- Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



Assistant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex 
panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wel- 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conev- 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefits. App|y to: Director, Welland and District 
Health Unit, King Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 

7-141-2 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR Applica 
tions sought for supervisory positions Sudbury and 
District Health Unit Requires Diploma in advanced 
Public Health Nursing and Supervision or Baccalau 
reate degree with administration. For details apply: 
The Director, Sudbury and District Health Unit, 50 
Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5B 



Public Health Nurse for active, progressive Health 
Unit with generalized programme. Salary $5200 - 
$6500 per annum; four weeks vacation after one 
year; usual employee benefits. Apply to Supervisor 
of Public Health Nursing, Fort William and Dis 
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fort William, 
Ontario. 7-47-4 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed Hospital, min. salary 
$387 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $462. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-) 

REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of livig-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geroldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses: Basic salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sau- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 

7-122-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 

Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hospital, 
Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 7-140-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accornmolation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 




7-26-1 A 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Dufferin Area Hos 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 
required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary 
rates and personnel policies apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, Ont. 

JUNE 1967 







GO!... Where the ACTION is! 

Exciting Albany Medical Center, that s where! You ll enjoy 
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate 
New York. And you ll enjoy your surroundings, too ... including 
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston 
Symphony Orchestras . . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga . . . 
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains ... and the 
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities 
for nurses are the best ever! For details, send for our free 
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 



Ormandy conducts at Saratoga Performing Arts Center 

Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CITY 



JUNE 1967 



.STATE ZIP 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N. A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 

Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100- bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7-127-4 A 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service, Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa, Apply; Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 

a modern fully accredited 300-bed hospital. Excellent 
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour 
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel 
Director, General Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 

7-115-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 1 00-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

General Duty Nurses for 66-bed Genera) Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400 - $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefitstnurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On 
tario. 7-59-1 



General Duty Nurses for 1 00-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meafora, Ontario. 7-79-1 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES {2} for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 

Public Health Nurses General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 

Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac 
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro 
grams, A challenging opportunity for creative per 
son with good knowledge of Public Health nursing. 
Considerable experience in this field essential, and 
course in Administration or Degree desirable. Year 
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni 
versity and Community College. Apply: Director, 
Fort William and District Health Unit, 900 Arthur 
Street, Fort William, Ontario. 7-47-4 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (qualified) required for 
Health Unit situated on Lake Huron. Present staff 
to be increased in order to provide an increased 
geriatric service to the community. Salary $5,100- 
$6,300, with allowance for experience. One month 
vacation after one year; car allowance; cost of 
medical and hospital ization insurance shared by 
employer. Apply to: Director and Medical Officer 
of Health, Huron County Health Unit, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-2 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (QUALIFIED) Staff 
positions available in the City of Oshawa. Duties to 
commence as soon as possible. Generalized program 
in an official agency. Salary $5,658 to $6,507. 
Beginning salary according to experience. Liberal 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. Apply to: Mr. 
D. Murray, Personnel Officer, City Hall, 50 Centre 
Street, Oshawa, Ontario. 7-92-2 A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourrist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 

Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital ization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES required in attractive dis 
trict bordering Lake Erie. Salary range $5,000-$6,000. 
Personnel policies include car allowance, OMERS 
and Canada Pension plans; 50% P.S.I, and Hospital 
Insurance, cumulative sick leave and liberal vacation. 
Apply to: Dr. B.P. Harris, Director, Elgin-St. Thomas 
Health Unit, St. Thomas, Ontario. 7-113-2 

Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Welland County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policcies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Welland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 

Vacancies for Staff Public Health Nurses. Salary 
range $5,207 to $6,598. Usual benefits, for details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5A 



QUEBEC 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 56-bed accredited General 
Hospital. Accommodation available in motel type 
residence complete with outdoor swimming pool. 
Salaries as approved by Q.H.I.S. Apply: Director of 
Nursing. The Barrie Memorial Hospital, Ormstown, 
Quebec. 9-52-1 

ATTENTION : EXPO 67 : Private rooms and semi- 
private for Expo at a nurses residence in a new 
house, one mile from Expo, $15 a day per per 
son, breakfast included and transportation to and 
from Expo site. $10 per person for room only. 
Reserve now Apply : Mde Marguerite Richard, 
R.N., 3585 Beauford, Ville Brossard, Que. 
9-86-3 

MALE REGISTERED NURSE Required to staff first 
aid post at Arctic Airport for the months of June 
to September, Salary $750.00 per month. Free 
board and transportation. Apply Tower-Foundation 
Joint Venture, Suite 15, 1390 Sherbrooke Street 
West, Montreal. Telephone: 849-3551. 9-47-68 



NURSE FOR CHILDREN S SUMMER CAMP. We re 
quire a Nurse for our boys camp in the Lauren- 
tians for six weeks, beginning on July A. Reply to 
1. Waldman, 5619 Rand Ave., Montreal 29, P.Q. 

9-47-61 



SASKATCHEWAN 



Director of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospital. 
Position open August 1, 1967. This hospital is fully 
air conditioned and opened in 1964. A suite is 
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor 
dance with the SRNA recommendations. Apply stat 
ing qualifications and salary expected to: Mr. J, L. 
Fawcett, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital, 
Rosetown, Saskatchewan. 10-111-1 

Matron and Registered Nurses for 12-bed hospital 
at St. Walburg, Saskatchewan. Salary schedules 
will be based on the SRNA recommendations. 
Apply to : Matron, St. Walburg Union Hospital, 
St. Walburg, Saskatchewan. 10-1 14-1 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

General Duty Nurses urgently needed for 41 -bed 
hospital at He a la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan. 
Hospital attractively located on Lake Side and ser 
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended 
schedule plus generous northern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the hospital at low 
rate. Applications to be sent to the Administrator, 
St. Joseph s Hospital, Me a la Crosse, Saskatche 
wan. 10-48-1 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

10-116-4A 



UNITED STATES 



OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap 
pointment in stimulating San Francisco Bay area. 
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli 
mate vicinity. Completely modern general hospital. 
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active 
surgery. Experience at supervisor and /or head 
nurse level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in 
clusive fringe benefits including hospital ization, life 
insurance, retirement, disability compensation, holi 
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation to 
four weeks with pay. Systematic increases. For 
further information write or telephone collect: Di 
rector of Nursing, Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot 
Road. Castro Valley, California. Area Code 415-537- 
1234. 15-5-13 

REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write : Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 

REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES: 350- bed hospital, known 
throughout Southern California area for highest 
quality nursing care, is seeking PROFESSIONAL 
NURSES. Positions open on all shifts and in many 
clinical specialties I.C.U., open heart, etc. We 
offer top wages and fringe benefits, an exceptional 
in-service program, and are in the best possible 
Southern California location. If you desire the 
opportunity to fulfill your professional nursing career 
under ideal conditions, both on and off the job, 
contact the Director of Nursing Service, St. Mary s 
Long Beach Hospital, 509 East 10th Street, Long 
Beach, California, 90813. 15-5-32 

JUNE 1967 






V 




rtist! 



the creative side of the St. Luke s nurse 

Creativity is an important part of nursing at St. Luke s Hospital 
Center. Sometimes it calls for painting a little patient s hand; 
sometimes, for just holding it. But the creative nurse has that 
special ability for knowing how to express warmth and under 
standing in a way that makes her patient a little more comfort 
able, a little less afraid. Creativity makes her job a lot more 
satisfying too. 

To find out more about the creative life of the St. Luke s 
nurse and the many opportunities and benefits offered, return 
the coupon to us. 



Director of Nursing Service 
ST. LUKE S HOSPITAL CENTER 
Amsterdam Avenue at 114th Street, 
New York, N.Y. 10025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing 
at St. Luke s in New York City. 

D Tell me about your new policy for night nurses. 



NAME- 



ADDRESS. 
CITY 



STATE- 



-ZIP CODE- 



EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, alf shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-71 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 1 1-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



Medical Technologist for accredited hospital in 
charming, small historic town. Free room and board 
with liberal personnel policy. Salary commensurate. 
Excellent working conditions without pressure. In 
quire Administrator, Nan tucket Hospital, Nan tucket. 
Mass. 02554 15-22-8 



Staff Nurses Opportunities in all areas. 467-bed 
accredited general teaching hospital with NLN ac 
credited diploma school of nursing, located at the 
gateway to Michigan s beautiful vacation land. 
Progressive personnel policies, differential for eve 
nings and nights. Apply; W. C. Plakos, Personnel 
Director, Butterworth Hospital, 100 Michigan N.E., 
Grand Rapids, Michigan. 15-23-12 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for advan 
cement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $500- 
$610. Contact: Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director 
of Nursing, Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, 
Illinois 60035. 15-14-3B 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-5550; 
p.m. $5254575; nights $520-$570 per month. In 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
core and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest s largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 
University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 
more information, or phone collect (313) 764-2172. 
We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply " writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 




ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Active treatment hospital complex of 800 beds, with an additional 
213 bed Children s Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
a Women s Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patient Services, and 29 
bed Intensive Care Unit. Intensive Care Employees are given a 20- 
hour inservice program. Professional staff and certified nursing aides 
are paid a salary commensurate with previous experience and ad 
ditional responsibilities imposed in the department. 

POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 

Evening Supervisor Children s Pavilion 

Head Nurses Surgery 

General Staff Nurses for all services. 

This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditions with 
current personnel policies. General staff nurse Salary $380-1450 
with recognition for experience and post basic education. 



NURSES! An opportunity to 

GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 

You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 

ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 

STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

The Festival City 

of 
Stratford, Ontario. 




TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 

UNIVERSITY TEACHING 

AND RESEARCH CENTRE 

(1,300 Beds) 

PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned Programmes in 

Orientation 

Staff Education 

Staff Development 

PERSONNEL POLICIES 

Salaries: 

Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 

3 weeks vacation 

8 statutory holidays 

Cumulative Sick Leave 

Pension Plan 

Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 

Uniforms Laundered Free 

OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 

in 
Clinical Services: 

Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 

Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res 
piratory 

Administrative and Teaching Positions: 

Consideration given to applicants with Uni 
versity preparation and/or experience. 

Applicants requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 

For additional information write: 

Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Required for the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital School 
of Nursing with an enrolment of 180 students. 
Modern residence and classroom facilities completed 
in 1964. 

Responsibilities will include general organization, 
operation and supervision of the School, including 
the recruitment of students. Desirable qualifications 
should include a B.S.N. Degree with several years 
of experience in Nursing Education. 

Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and 
experience. 

Please address all enquiries to: 
The Administrator 

KITCHENER-WATERLOO HOSPITAL 

835 King Street West 
Kitchener, Ontario 



ISRAEL 



invites the services of 

QUALIFIED NURSES 

A wide variety of positions is available. 
Applications are forwarded to Israel for evaluation. 

Applicants are then informed of job openings which 
meet their requirements. 

Minimum Service: Three years. 

Transportation loans given, which will convert into 
grants at the conclusion of the three-year contract. 
Nurses who do not have a working knowledge of 
Hebrew will be enrolled in a 5-month Hebrew lang 
uage course (ULPAN), prior to assuming their posi 
tion. 

Housing at moderate rates is available. 
Nurses interested apply and send their resume to: 

JEWISH AGENCY FOR ISRAEL 

1247 Guy Street 188 Marlee Ave. 

Montreal 25, Quebec Toronto, Ontario 

Tel.: 931-1804 Tel.: 787-6171 



PRINCIPAL 

REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Principal of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs 
ing. 

Plans are being developed to 
provide classroom facilities for 
21 students. Residence accom 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in 
struction will be provided in hos 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 

Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 

The Secretary 

EDITH CAVELL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

c/o The Belleville General 

Hospital 
Belleville, Ontario 



PROVINCE OF 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR 

Aide Orientation and Training Program 

for 

Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health 
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C. 

SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month, 
plus $25 per month for certificate or 
University degree or $10 per month for 
clinical program; plus $30 per month 
for two years teaching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur 
riculum planning; word teaching and de 
monstration, examining new trends. 
Applicants must be Canadian citizens or 
British subjects with membership or el 
igibility for membership as Registered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic 
preparation in teaching, supervision and 
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 

Obtain application forms from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service, Valleyview Lodges, ES 
SONDALE, B.C. 

COMPETITION NO. 67:372 



OTTAWA GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

620 beds fully accredited 
University affiliated 

hospital provides experience 
in 

OPERATING ROOM, 

PEDIATRICS, 

ORTHOPEDICS, 

OBSTETRICS, 

RENAL METABOLIC UNIT, 

GENERAL SURGERY, 

and MEDICINE. 

Salary is commensurate with 
preparation and experience. 

Apply to: 
Personnel Office 

OTTAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

43 Bruyere Street 
Ottawa 2, Ontario 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



there are over 

200,000 more 

who need your help! 




REGISTERED NURSES PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Have you considered a Career with the... 

Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
1 26-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $372 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 

Opportunity for instructors in all areas of 
nursing, in progressive School of Nursing, 
where new ideas are welcomed. 

Program consists of two years of planned 
study and practice, completely controlled 
by School, plus one year of internship. 
New School and residence with swimming 
pool in rapidly growing city of 100,000 
people. Good personnel policies. Salary 
under review. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. John s, Newfoundland 



DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

DAUPHIN, MANITOBA 

A 130-bed hospital located ten miles 
north of Riding Mountain National Park 
and the summer resort of Clear Lake 

requires: 
Director of Inservice Education 

Head Nurse for Obstetrics and 
Gynecology Unit 

Head Nurse for Male Surgery 

and 
General Duty Nurses for all 

nursing areas. 

Duties to commence August or September. 

Apply stating qualifications to: 

Director of Nursing 

DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Dauphin, Manitoba 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 



General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Scarborough, Ontario 



MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT* 

Mary Fletcher Unit 




Our patients come in all sizes. 

Only your career opportunities 

here are uniformly big. 



Personnel Office, Dept. 406 

Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont. 

Name 

Address 

Zip 



*Combining Mary Fletcher Hospital and DeGoesbriand Memorial Hospital 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 




CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

invites applications from 

TEACHERS OF NURSING 

Here is an opportunity to participate in the develop 
ment of a progressive program which emphasizes 
educational experience for Students. The program will 
consist of a two year course, followed by one year 
of nursing internship. 

The new School is independently incorporated and 
will be located in its own new educational and res 
idential building. The first class of Students will be 
admitted in September, 1967. 

You would enjoy living in the friendly, thriving Sea 
way City that has excellent holiday swimming and 
camping facilities and which is within one hour s 
distance of Ottawa and Montreal. 
Applicants should be registered, or eligible for regis 
tration in Ontario and have advanced preparation in 
teaching and/or nursing. Copies of Personnel Poli 
cies will be forwarded on request. 

For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 

Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 

Box No. 939, Cornwall, Ontario 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 
REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



INSTRUCTORS 



IN 

OBSTETRICAL NURSING 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL 

NURSING 

Duties to include classroom teaching and 
clinical instruction. Assisting in the deve 
lopment of a new curriculum and Re 
gional School. 

B.Sc.N. or diploma in Nursing Education 
required. Excellent salary range and 

fringe benefits. 



Apply. 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

School of Nursing 

Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 

Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Salaries are according to educa 
tion and experience. 

For further information, 
write to: 

The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 

THE HOSPITAL FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

^ Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

^ Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

"fr Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

* Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

* Liberal personnel policies 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

Will require 

TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service.- (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director, School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



GUELPH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

ACTIVE 200 BEDS FULLY 
ACCREDITED 

requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Pleasant City of 48,500, one 

hour from Toronto Via 401. 

Good personnel policies. 

for further details apply to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Guelph, Ontario 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES 



This is a modern 1,000-bed hospital including a new 
200-bed convalescent-rehabilitation section. Benefits 
include Pension Plan, sick leave, and shift differen 
tial plus a liberal vacation policy and salary range 
$380 - $450 per month commensurate with training 
and experience. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Calgary, Alberta 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



IUNE 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of corning to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9V2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 



City. 



.State. 



.Zip Code. 




VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Invites applications from Registered Nurses 
for all services including operating room, 
recovery room, intensive care and emergency 
in completely new wing. 

Salary range for General Staff positions 

$360.00 - $420.00 per month 

and other liberal benefits. 



Direct enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing, 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Halifax, Nova Scotia 
3383 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged. In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



IN-SERVICE CO-ORDINATOR 

THE HOSPITAL 

A fully accredited 200 bed teaching hospital. 
Present services include short-term active treat 
ment for mental illness, tuberculosis and chest 
diseases. Planned expansion includes construc 
tion of a 6C bed Rehabilitation Unit and a 60 
bed Psychiatric Unit for Children. 

THE POSITION 

A challenging senior position offering an oppor 
tunity to develop and implement a fully sup 
ported continuing orientation and staff educa 
tion programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS 

Degree or Diploma in Nursing Education plus 
two years teaching experience and a good 
knowledge of the principles of psychiatric nurs 
ing. Other applicants with appropriate back 
grounds will be given full consideration. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

ROYAL OTTAWA 
SANATORIUM 

Ottawa 3, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement -- B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 
A CHALLENGE .... 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



IUNE 1967 




If you re ready for a change, but 
reluctant to make the move, we 
have an added incentive a free 
airline ticket. Of course, it isn t 
really free you ll have to take a 
position in a modern, progressive, 
expanding hospital and you ll 
have to live in a high, mild, sun 
ny metropolitan area, rich in 
educational and cultural oppor 
tunities. But that isn t too much 
to ask, is it? 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 

*Starting salary to $555 a month 
*500-bed hospital 
*Personal orientation program 
*Liberal fringe benefits 
* Continuing educational programs 
*Career advancement opportunities 
*Two universities 
*Twenty minutes from nearby 
mountains 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon or call collect (505-243 94 11, Ext. 2 19) 

Mrs. Susan Dicke, Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center, Department Bl 
Albuquerque. New Mexico 87106 

Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how 
I may fly there at your expense. 



Name 



Address. 
City 



State.. 



School of Nursing,, 
Year of Graduation . 



OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 

requires 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu 
cation recognized. A new Re 
gional School of Nursing com 
mences this fall and a 2 -f- 1 
Educational Programme is pre 
sently in progress. 

Apply to: 

Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 



ASSISTANT 
DIRECTOR 

or 
NURSING EDUCATION 

Applicants are invited for this 
position in a new and well 
equipped School of Nursing 
building. New curriculum for an 
Independent School being de 
veloped. Total enrollment of 150- 
200 students. Salaries and Fringe 
Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications B.Sc.N. with 
experience in Nursing Education. 

CLINICAL TEACHERS 

in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric 
Nursing and Fundamentals of 
Nursing required to assist in new 
program. 

Qualifications B.Sc.N. or Di 
ploma in Nursing Education. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

BRANTFORD GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Brantford, Ontario 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1. Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 




THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 

SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 

THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR 

AND 

HEAD NURSE, PSYCHIATRIC UNIT 

Required immediately for 1,000-bed teaching hospital, affili 
ated with the University of Western Ontario. Applicants should 
have post-graduate courses in their clinical specialty, a uni 
versity diploma in Administration or B.Sc.N. degree. Active 
building and renovation programme presently proceeding in 
both departments. 

Applications for further information should be directed to: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



Test Pool Examinations 



FOR 



Registration of Nurses 



IN 



Nova Scotia 



To take place on August 30 & 31, 1967 
at Halifax and Sydney. Requests for 
application forms should be made at 
once and forms must be returned to the 
Registrar not later than June 30, 1967 
together with: 

1. Diploma of School of Nursing; 

2. Fee of Twenty Dollars ($20.00). 

Applications received after this date will 
not be accepted. No undergraduate may 
write unless he or she has passed success 
fully all final school of nursing examina 
tions and is within nine (9) weeks of com 
pletion of the course in nursing. 

NANCY H. WATSON, R.N., 
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 

The Registered Nurses 

Association of Nova Scotia 

6035 Coburg Road, 

Halifax, N.S. 




PROVINCE OF ALBERTA 

EMPLOYMENT 
OPPORTUNITIES 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

Preference given to nurses with 
experience in Psychiatric Nursing. 
Salary: $360 - $455 per month, 
depending on qualifications and 
experience. 

Benefits - Civil Service holiday, 
sick leave and pension benefits. 
Positions available in various 
Active Treatment, Retarded Adult, 
Retarded Juvenile, Geriatric and 
Continued Treatment Mental Hos 
pitals. 

For details and application 
forms write or apply to: 

The Director of Mental Health, 

304 Administration Building, 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 




OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE 
FOR THE REGISTERED NURSE 

The new 22 bed Intensive Care Unit at 
the Winnipeg General Hospital offers a 
one year course in advanced Intensive 
Core Nursing. 

Salaries scaled to qualifications and 
experience 

Well planned orientation and continu 
ing education 

Approximately 100 lectures given by 
doctors and nurses 

Next course to commence September 
1967 

Uniforms supplied and laundered free 

Staff appointments are being made 
now. 

Apply to: 

Mrs. E. E. Hassett, R.N., 
Supervisor, Intensive Care Unit, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

700 William Avenue, 

Winnipeg 3, Manitoba 

e/o Personnel Dept. 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



x o* *o s 

s POSITIONS OPEN * 



Assistant Director, 
Nursing Service - Evenings 

Inservice Education 

Co-Ordinator 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR 

OF 
NURSING j, x 



T 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 




JUNE 1967 



CLEVELAND 



Where the Mt. Sinai nurse 
has some of the most chal 
lenging job opportunities, 
receives a beginning sal 
ary of $500 a month, and 
works in University Circle, 
the city s educational cen 
ter. For more information, 
write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CD. 

THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 

UNIVERSITY CIRCLE CLEVELAND. OHIO 44106 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 




WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



NcKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 
Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 



for full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital, 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For ] 66-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 



Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenoro, Ontario 



VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

Invites applications for positions of 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, and 
student program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefits. 

For details apply: 

Director 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

281 Sherbourne Street 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 

CLASSROOM SCIENCE 

PEDIATRICS 

OBSTETRICS 

MEDICINE 

SURGERY 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing Education 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 

C HEALTH NURSE 

or generalized programme with 
County Health Unit, Walkerton 
nsion, Surgical Medical Group 
and Cumulative Sick Leave 
liable. Minimum salary $4,900 
itment for experience. Car pro- 
optional choice of mileage 



Apply to: 

Iton, Secretary-Treasurer 
COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 

P. O. Box 70 
/alkerton, Ontario 



iCHOOL OF NURSING 

MICHAEL S HOSPITAL 

LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA 

requires 

Medical-Surgical 
NSTRUCTORS 

I Hospital. Expansion completed 

B.Sc $490.00 to $575.00 
ary $5880.00 to $6900.00 
r University Diploma $465.00 
I 

ary $5580.00 to $6600.00 

i experience gives an additional 

icrement. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

MICHAEL S SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

Lethbridge, Alberta 



iOUTH WATERLOO 
EMORIAL HOSPITAL 

IOOL OF NURSING 

GALT, ONTARIO 

Teaching Faculty required to 
formulating a two-year pro- 
one-year internship. 

in Teaching available imme- 
Wedical Surgical, Paediatrics, 
;nces. 

oersonnel policies. 

or further information, 
Apply to: 

ECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 



COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 

CALGARY, ALBERTA 

CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 

Salary up to $6,283 depending on quali 
fications, 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

Immediate vacancies. Starting salary up 
to $4,500. 

Apply immediately to: 

Personnel Director 

COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 

Calgary 



MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

NEWCASTLE, N.B. 
Invites applications for the position of 

SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 

Student body of 50 

For further information, 
write to: 

Director of Nursing 

MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

Newcastle, N.B. 



ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE 
JOIN OUR STAFF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A Planned Orientation Program 

A Continuous Education Program 

Liberal Personnel Policies 

Staff Nurse Salaries 

$4824620 Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota 
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 

Write to: 

Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 

Administrator-Coordinator of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 

Galvesron, Texas 77550 

We are an equal opportunity employer 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

(QUALIFIED) 

for Generalized Public Health Nursing 
Service. Salary Range $5586 -$6500 per 
annum, starting salary based on experi 
ence. Annual increments, vacation, shared 
hospital and medical insurance, group 
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan. 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 

17th Floor, West Tower 

City Hall, Toronto 1 

Ontario 



Applications are invited for the following 
key positions: 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE, 

ASSISTANT TO THE 

CO ORDINATOR, 
INSERVICE EDUCATION 

Desirable qualifications should include 
BSN Degrees with experience in super 
vision and teaching, respectively. Holders 
of certificates in either field may be con 
sidered. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL and 

ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

825 Coxwell Avenue 

Toronto 13, Ontario 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 
Proximity to Lakehead University 

ensures opportunity for furthering 

education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne,Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in 
resort town of 14,000 people, beautifully 
located on shores of Lake of the Woods. 
Three hours travel time from Winnipeg 
with good transportation available. Wide 
variety of summer and winter sports 
swimming, boating, fishing, golfing, skat 
ing, curling, tobogganing, skiing and ice 
fishing. 

Salary: $372 for nurses registered in 
Ontario with allowance for experience. 
Residence available. Good personnel poli 
cies. 



Apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



VICTORIAN ORDER 
OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

Invites applications for positions of 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

This branch offers diversified experience 
including bedside nursing, individual 
teaching, participation in Home Care 
Program for Metropolitan Toronto, and 
student program. Inservice education and 
other employee benefits. 

For details apply: 

Director 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

GREATER TORONTO BRANCH 

281 Sherbourne Street 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPI1 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, ne\ 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSIS 

For further information of 

The Director of Nur 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPI 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSI 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; tc 
basic nursing program and affi 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursin 
CHILDREN S HOSPI1 
OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitob 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITA 

SCHOOL OF NURSII 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERT 

INSTRUCTOR 
POSITIONS 

CLASSROOM SCIENCE 

PEDIATRICS 

OBSTETRICS 

MEDICINE 

SURGERY 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing Edu 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER C 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

required for generalized programme with 
the Bruce County Health Unit, Walkerton 
Office. Pension, Surgical Medical Group 
Insurance and Cumulative Sick Leave 
Plans available. Minimum salary $4,900 
with adjustment for experience. Car pro 
vided, or optional choice of mileage 
plans. 

Apply to: 

T. H. Alton, Secretary-Treasurer 
BRUCE COUNTY HEALTH UNIT 

P. O. Box 70 
Walkerton, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. MICHAEL S HOSPITAL 

LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA 
requires 

Two Medical-Surgical 
INSTRUCTORS 

in 213-bed Hospital. Expansion completed 

in 1967. 

Salary for B.Sc $490.00 to $575.00 

Yearly Salary $5880.00 to $6900.00 

Salary for University Diploma $465.00 

to $550.00 

Yearly Salary $5580.00 to $6600.00 

One year s experience gives an additional 

$240.00 increment. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

ST. MICHAEL S SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

Lethbridge, Alberta 



SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

GALT, ONTARIO 

Additional Teaching Faculty required to 
assist in formulating a two-year pro 
gramme, one-year internship. 

Positions in Teaching available imme 
diately, Medical Surgical, Paediatrics, 
Social Sciences. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information, 
Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 



COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 

CALGARY, ALBERTA 

CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 

Salary up to $6,283 depending on quali 
fications. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

Immediate vacancies. Starting salary up 
to $4,500. 

Apply immediately to: 

Personnel Director 

COLONEL BELCHER HOSPITAL 

Calgary 



MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

NEWCASTLE, N.B. 
Invites applications ior the position of 

SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 

Student body of 50 

For further information, 
write to: 

Director of Nursing 

MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

Newcastle, N.B. 



ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE 
JOIN OUR STAFF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A Planned Orientation Program 

A Continuous Education Program 

Liberal Personnel Policies 

Staff Nurse Salaries 

$4824620 Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota 
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 

Write to: 

Patricia M. Bosworth, R.N., M.A. 

Administrator-Coordinator of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 

Galveston, Texas 77550 

We are an equal opportunity employer 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

(QUALIFIED) 

for Generalized Public Health Nursing 
Service. Salary Range $5586 -$6500 per 
annum, starting salary based on experi 
ence. Annual increments, vacation, shared 
hospital and medical insurance, group 
life insurance, sick pay and pension plan. 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 

17th Floor, West Tower 

City Hall, Toronto 1 

Ontario 



Applications are iny rted tor the following 
key positions: 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE, 

ASSISTANT TO THE 

CO ORD1NATOR, 
INSERVICE EDUCATION 

Desirable qualifications should include 
BSN Degrees with experience in super 
vision and teaching, respectively. Holders 
of certificates in either field may be con 
sidered. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL and 

ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

825 Coxwell Avenue 

Toronto 13, Ontario 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



GRADUATE NURSES 

For permanent staff or holiday relief. In 
active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the 
Columbia River Valley in southeastern 
British Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sports activities including golf, tennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Starting salary after registration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks aniruel 
vacation, 10 statutory holidays, I 1 /? days 
sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in 
medical coverage and superannuation. 
Residence accommodation. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 

Trail, British Columbia 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291 -bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

appfy fo: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SARNIA, ONTARIO 

Invites applications for the 
positions of: 

IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 

EVENING SUPERVISOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po 
licies. 

For further information apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Sarnia, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, ha$ 
openings for: 

(1) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



for information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Chatham, Ontario 
requires 

INSTRUCTORS 

Student Body of 130 

Modern self-contained education building 

University Preparation required with 

salary differential for Degree. 

for further information, 
apply to: 

Director, Nursing Education 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



School of Nursing 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 

requires 
TEACHERS 

to participate in a 3-yeor program plan 
ning change to two + 

Student enrolment of 65 University pre 
paration required. 

For information write to: 

Director School of Nursing 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 



INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

wanted for a 6-bed monitored medical- 
surgical unit. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kelowna, British Columbia 



GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For 200-bed accredited hospital. Starting 
salary $415 with annual increments to 
$485. Previous experience recognized. 
Excellent personnel policies. Residence ac 
commodation available. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 

Haileybury, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

AND 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital 
situated in the picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quality nursing care. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 

Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Gait, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Director of Nursing for a 164-bed mo 
dern, accredited, acute care hospital in 
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy 
chiatric wing and a 50-bed extended care 
unit are In the final stages of planning. 
Accommodation available in staff res 
idence. Nursing administrative education 
and experience desirable. Salary com 
mensurate with qualifications. 

Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary fo: 

Mr. D. C. Steveson 

Administrator 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 



TEACHERS 

required 

1) MATERNAL-INFANT NURSING 

2) NURSING FUNDAMENTALS 

Total enrollment 100 students, 300- 
bed, fully accredited hospital. 

University preparation required. Opportu 
nity for further study in nursing at 
Lakehead University. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Education 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

has immediate openings for 
REGISTERED NURSES 

Eligible for Ontario Registration. Oppor 
tunities for placement in Medical, Surgical, 
Paediatric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Units with early promo 
tional possibilities. A-l benefits and sala 
ries. Hamilton is a large city ideally 
located in Southern Ontario and has a 
fine University. 

Apply to: 

Personnel Department, 

HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 

Barton Street East, 

Hamilton, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For modern 80-bed General Hospital ex 
panding to 150 beds, located in an 
attractive, dynamic, sports oriented com 
munity 50 miles south of Montreal. 
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable 
to Montreal. Complete maintenance avail 
able at a minimal rate. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Que. 



REGINA GREY NUNS HOSPITAL 

REGINA, SASKATCHEWAN 

requires 
REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

CERTIFIED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

450-bed General Hospital; positions avail 
able in all areas. SRNA recommended 
policies in effect. 

Recognition given for experience. 

For information apply: 

DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING SERVICE 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 




VISITING 
NURSING 

opportunities 

across 
CANADA 



for employment or bursaries write: 

Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

FOR CANADA 

5 Blackburn Avenue 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 

Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 



ST. 



Director of Nursing, 
THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BEUEVIUE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for various departments in a 
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha Lakes area. 

Toronto Council salaries in effect. 



Please apply to: 

Personnel Director 

ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Lindsay, Ontario 



IN-SERVICE EDUCATION 

CO-ORDINATOR 

Required to replace retiring incumbent by 
September I to plan, direct and partici 
pate in the educational programmes of a 
650-bed hospital. Applicants must be well 
experienced registered nurses with de 
monstrated leadership and administrative 
ability. Additional advanced qualifications 
preferable. Salary according to qualifi 
cations. 

Please apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Barton St. E., 
Hamilton, Ontario 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

TIMMINS, ONTARIO 

Modern 200-bed hospital situated 
in Northern Ontario. 

Requires 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

STARTING SALARY: Reg.N. $415 per month 
R.N.A. $270 per month 

Recognition given for qualifications and 
experience. Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR IN SCIENCE 

AND MEDICAL 
SURGICAL NURSING 

REQUIREMENTS: 

University preparation in Nursing Edu 
cation. Salary differential for degree. 

For further information, 
contact: 

Director of Nursing 

JEFFERY KALE S HOSPITAL 

1250 St-Foy Road, Quebec 

6, P.O. 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to furthe 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in ou 
f,QOO-bed medical center. We hove liberal personne 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 3^ 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cos 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our bookie 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. 15-36-1G 



Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
feave, holidays. Apply: Mulfnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201 . 1 5-38-1 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
(b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), (d) progressive personnel poli 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Oh to 44 J 06. Phone SWeetbrior 
5-6000. 15-36-10 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
6.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



THE TORONTO 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers a six month course in 
operating room technique and 
management to registered nurses 
with graduate experience in 
operating room. 

Course begins in July 1967. 



For further information, 
apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ont. 



JUNE 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 




THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

offers o 

6 month Advanced Course in 

Operating Room Technique and 

Management to 

REGISTERED NURSES 

with a year s Graduate experience 

in an Operating Room. 
Classes commence in September and 
March for selected classes of 
8 students 



For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Montreal 25, Quebec 




REGISTERED & GRADUATE 
NURSES 

Are required to fill vacancies in a modern, centrally 

located Hospital. Tours of duty are 7-.30 - 4:00, 3:30 - 

12:00 and 11:30-8:00. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses is $382.50 to 

$447.50 per month and for Graduate Nurses is 

$352.50 to $417.50 per month. We offer a full 

range of employee benefits and excellent working 

conditions. 

Day Care facilities for pre-school children from 3 

months to 5 years in age. 

Apply in person, or by letter to : 
Personnel Manager, 

THE RIVERDALE HOSPITAL 

St. Matthews Road, 
Toronto 8, Ontario. 




DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING (B.N.) 

An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepares the stu 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals. 

DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES (B.N.) 

A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re 
gistered Nurses who wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
1 YEAR 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 

Outpost Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading 1o a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



I ^ mf^. . , . ^ 8BHI 




HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00- $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JUNE 1967 



MOVING? 



MARRIED? 



All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro 
vided at right.) 

ARE YOU 

Q Receiving duplicate copies? 

Q Actively registered with more than one pro 
vincial nurses association? 




WISH AN ADJUSTMENT? 



ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE 

to be assured of 



accurate, fast service 



PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 



Miss/Mrs. 
Sister/Mr. 



permanent reg. no. 
permanent reg. no. 



provincial association 
provincial association 



name (please print) 
street address 



city 



province 



Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses association to another? 



FROM: 
TO: 



provincial ass n. permanent reg. no. 

provincial ass n. permanent reg. no. 

OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 



PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
YOUR CHANCE 

The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 

ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 

The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 

50 The Driveway 

Ottawa 4, Canada 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men. 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 

REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me- 
dicol Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115, An equal opportunity em 
ployer. 15-5-4 C 

Registered Nurses California. Expanding, accredit 
ed 303-bed hospital in medical center of Southern 
California. University city. Mountain ocean resort 
area. Ideal year-round climate, smog free. Starting 
salary $6,300. With experience, $6,600. Fringe bene 
fits, shift differential, initial housing allowance. 
Wide variety rentals available. For details on Cali 
fornia License and Visa, write: Director of Nursing, 
Cottage Hospital, 320 W. Pueblo Street, Santa Bar 
bara, California 93105. 15-5-39 A 

Staff Nurses needed for care of orthopedically han 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per monfh plus attractive fringe bene 
fits. Living quarters available. Write : Eleanor 
Boird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Street, Los 
Angeies, California. 15-5-3-0 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $475 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 

JUNE 1967 



Professional Nurses for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santo Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Sanla Monica, California. 15-5-40 

REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 Va hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $510/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 

Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3b 

PROFESSIONAL NURSES. No fancy claims or promises. 
We do offer top starting salaries and very attrac 
tive benefits to staff nurses desiring unlimited poten 
tial and professional growth. Untra-modern eauip- 
ment and facilities in a new, progressive 150-bed, 
air conditioned hospital. Degree recognition. No 
shift rotation. Inquire and compare. Write, Personnel 
Director, JOHN MUIR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1601 
Ygnacio Valley Rood, Walnut Creek, California. 

15-5-67B 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 

GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; storting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15- 10-3 A 

Instructors, School of Nursing Opportunities for 
Instructors in our School of Nursing. 467-bed general 
teaching hospital. NLN accredited diploma school 
with 170 students. Bachelors degree required. Mas 
ters preferred. Excellent salary and liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: W. C. Plokos, Personnel Director, 
Butterworth Hospital, 100 Michigan N.E., Grand 
Rapids, Michigan. 15-23-12A 



REGISTERED NURSES: Come to Lubbock, Texas, 
U.S.A. A city of over 60,000 population with an 
excellent University of 20,000 students and a large 
Air Force Base. Positions open in a progressive 
general hospital of 400 beds, J.C.A.H. accredited. 
Positions open in intensive care unit, cardiac care 
unit, operating room, psychiatric and general medical 
and surgical for 3-11 and 11-7 shifts. Starting salary 
of $550.00 per month for rotating shifts of 3-11 and 
11-7 with a $15.00 raise in three months and an 
annual increase of $20.00 per month. Contact Per 
sonnel Department, Methodist Hospital, 3615 19th 
Street, Lubbock, Texas 79410. 15-44-8 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 



WEST INDIES 



Registered Graduate Nurses who wish to gain valu 
able and interesting experience in the semi tropical 
county of Haiti. Hopital Albert Schweitzer, Arti- 
bonite Valley near St. Marc is a well-equipped 
modern hospital, 160 average daily census, medical, 
surgical, pediatric wards and daily clinics. Two 
year contract, $150 per month with transportation 
to and from point or origin, maintenance, medical 
care as provided at hospital. Compensatory day off 
for any holiday worked; there are at least 17 na 
tional and religious holidays in Haiti. The nurse is 
entitled to a vacation allowance at the rate of two 
days for each full calendar month worked. Write: 
Miss Walborg L. Peterson, P.O. Box 2213-B, Port-au- 
Prince, Haiti. 17-1-2 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



Unique, convenient 




H-l 



BUTTERFLY SHAPED 
ANORECTAL DRESSING 



SHAPE conforms anatomically to surfa 
ces of the interglutal cleft 

SECURE during all normal activity with 
out adhesive tape 

COMFORTABLE for the patient 

STERILE, and highly absorbent. Made of 
smooth, lint free exterior 

CONVENIENT and VERSATILE for use 
dry or with topical medication on central 
portion. 

A vail able from all recognized 
Surgical Dealers or from 

WIIMLEY-MORRIS CO. LTD. 

Surgical products division 
Montreal 26 Quebec 

67-1 





TOO MANY SQUARE MEALS? 

Turns get rid of acid 
indigestion fast! 

Good eating and drinking is something 
we all like. But indigestion is the course 
that finishes the meal for too many 
of us. When that happens, take Turns. 
They re pleasantly mint flavoured, need 
no wafer and get to work fast on heart 
burn, gas and stomach upsets. And 
long-lasting Turns are really ef 
fective; they consume 93 times 
their 



Try Turns for the tummy! 



own weight in excess 
stomach acid. Turns cost very 
little, so try them soon. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Index 

to 

advertisers 

June 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 5 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd Cover III 

Ayerst Laboratories 6 

Boehringer Ingelheim Products 16 

The British Drug Houses (Canada) Ltd 15 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 9 

Clinic Shoemakers 2 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 48 

Department of National Defence 24 

W. J. Gage Limited 20 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 1 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 80 

Mead Johnson of Canada Ltd 49 

C. V. Mosby Co 10 

Parke Davis & Company Limited Cover II 

J. T. Posey Company 47 

Reeves Company 13 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd 12 

United Surgical Corp 19 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 80 

Winthrop Laboratories Cover IV 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



JUNE 1967 



July 1967 






MT MFLl 

ve 

ITAWA 5 ONT -11096 



The 



Canadian 

Nurse 




*iO"< 

o?i 



re motivation and the 
retarded child 

hope for victims 
of hemophilia 

programmed instruction 





"As long as there has been a Canad 
there has been a Canadian Nurse to care for her 



anada celebrated 
alien, Halifax 
3eneral Hospital 
., and both set- 
Indians were re- 
edical aid at iso- 
ts in the wilder- 
nadian nursing 
y in its infancy 

1872, Winnipeg 
first city on the 
i Prairies to or- 

Public Hospital 
174 the very first 
School for Nurses 

St. Catherines, 



Toronto organized The 
Hospital for Sick Children, 
Canada s first hospital for 
little ones, in 1875 . . . the 
organization of the Cana 
dian Red Cross Society 
was effected in 1896. Nurs 
ing techniques had 
changed little by 1898 
when the Victorian Order 
of Nurses received its 
Charter and the first con 
tingent of four Canadian 
nurses proudly went to 
serve in the Boer War in 
1899. 



In the early 1900s, "pre 
vention is better than 
cure became a nursing 

ghilosoohy and Public 
ealth Nursing and Indus 
trial Nursing had their be 
ginning in Canada. In 
March of 1905 the first is 
sue of The Canadian Nurse 
was published. In 1906, 
Montreal s Board of Health 
started medical inspection 
in schools and in 1914 saw 
the beginning of horror 
when almost 2.000 Cana 
dian Nursing Sisters served 
in the Army Overseas. 53 
of these heroic women 
gave their lives to the 
Great War. 



^DERATION 



time of Canada s one-hundredth year, we pause to 
and recall the significant and proud tradition of serv- 
the Canadian Nurse since the very beginning of our 
As a part of White Sister s Centennial Project, we 
rommissioned and produced the pictorial history of 
ian Nursing uniforms reproduced here. It is our hope 
is pictorial will serve to remind that "as long as there 
en a Canada, there has been a Canadian Nurse to care 



FOR YOUR SET OF "THE HISTORY OF NURSING" PICTURES 
WITH A DETAILED HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, WRITE: 

WHITE SISTER 

70 MOUNT ROYAL WEST. MONTREAL QUE. 
>D 50# TO COVER COSTS OF POSTAGE AND HANDLING) 







The end of the Great War 
produced an increased de 
mand for more advanced 
and more specialized nurs 
ing education. These were 
the years of change in 
nursing, and to suit the 
mood ... in 1924 the Ca 
nadian National Associa 
tion of Trained Nurses 
officially became the Ca 
nadian Nurses Association. 



The 1931 Canadian C 
figures told us that 
were 20,462 Grad 
Nurses, 11,436 Nurse 
training and 4,698 Pi 
cal Nurses ser\ 
throughout Canada. ] 
ing had crrown in i 
and bounds and unil 
introduced some ex< 
new changes ... in fal 
patterns and styling. 





The Centennial uniform 
designed and created by 
White Sister for the ex 
clusive use of the gradu 
ate nurses serving at the 
"Nurses Station" in the 
"Man and His Health Pa 
vilion" at Expo 67. The 
fabric is "Caprice" an in 
timate-blend of Fortrel and 
Cotton, produced for White 
Sister through the com 
bined efforts of Cel-Cil 
and Dominion Textile. 





on pages 5, 6, 7, 
8 of this maga 
zine you will 
see highlights 
from White 
Sister s 
Centennial 
Collection 



II CONTEMPORARY F 

HICO C* 




economy: 



A completely disposable 
sterile system for urologic 
irrigation to meet 
every need 

by ABBOTT 




* Trademark 



UROGATE for safety: 

Each of the four Abbott Urogate solutions 
are sterile and pyrogen-free and come In 
distinctively labelled orange and black con 
tainers. The 38mm neck on the containers 
will not accept an I.V. set. Each component 
of the Abbott Urogate system of equipment 
is individually tested, inspected and pack 
aged in snap-open heavy duty polyethylene 
bags, sterile and pyrogen-free. Each is 
clearly marked to eliminate errors and 
facilitate inventory control. 

UROGATE for convenience: 

The Urogate line is complete, versatile 
and entirely disposable. It offers a variety of 
flow rates, is ultra-simple and quick to 
assemble. Just attach the dispensing cap 
to the Abbott bottle and suspend. Nothing 
to pour. Nothing to sterilize. Use once, 
then throw away. 

UROGATE for time-saving economy: 

The Urogate disposable system eliminates 
12 lengthy steps in the preparation and 
administration of the solution. But that s 
not all: It allows you to make a simple 
direct charge to each patient. There is no 
Central Supply overhead, no guesswork, no 
unnecessary paperwork. 

Halifax Montreal -Toronto .Winnipeg Vancouver 



ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED 



2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 







Volume 63, Number 7 



July 1967 



31 Opinion Wendy Margesson 

32 Remotivation to Motivation Doris S. Thompson 

36 Hemophilia Claude Petitclerc 

38 The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Patient Janine Drapeau 

41 Prostheses for Cancer Patients C. M. Godfrey and Stanley Brasier 

44 Programmed Instruction Can We Use It? R. Roslyn Klaiman 

48 Sex Knowledge of Prospective Teachers and 



Graduate Nurses .. 



Anne McCreary-Juhasz 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

9 News 
24 Names 
26 New Products 
28 Dates 



29 In A Capsule 

51 Books 

52 Films 

53 Accession List 



Cover Photo: E. Dorothy Arnot, Director of Nursing at The Wellesley Hospital, To 
ronto, with patient who is about to leave hospital. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. Zllm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
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nor to indicate definite dates of publication 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
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Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



ULY 1967 



Politicians, historians, economists, 
and journalists alike, have taken 
advantage of this Centennial Year tc 
reflect on Canada s past progress. 
Their consensus is that the country 
has come a long way. 

Nursing, one of the few profession; 
having its beginnings over 200 years 
before Confederation, also has come 
a long way. A glimpse of Canadian 
nursing as it existed 100 years ago 
at the time of Confederation, provides 
a sharp reminder of this development 

What training did nurses receive? 

Little, if any. Most nurses learned 
"on the job," since there was no 
organized teaching program. News of 
Florence Nightingale s work in the 
Crimean War and in her own countrj 
had reached the North American 
continent long before 1867. Yet it 
was seven years after Confederation 
before the first school of nursing was 
established in this country. 

Was it easy to attract suitable 
nursing staff? 

Many nurses, particularly those 
belonging to religious orders and 
those who acted as Matrons in 
hospitals under secular control, were 
completely altruistic and devoted to 
their patients. Many others, however, 
resembled the "Sairey Gamp" 
character, whose conduct and personal 
code of ethics left much to be desired. 

This excerpt from an 1860 report 
of one hospital gives some insight 
into the "personnel problems" faced 
by administrators of the day, who 
were forced to hire untrained, non- 
registered "nurses": 

"The Matron reported night nurse 
Mrs. Stewart having behaved with 
such immorality she was obliged to 
discharge her immediately. Also that 
Margaret Watson, day nurse, and 
Mrs. Crawford, day nurse, were 
discharged, the first for bad conduct, 
the latter for incapacity." 

The main health problem of the day 
was the recurring epidemics of 
cholera, typhus, and smallpox. The 
1854 cholera epidemic of Montreal, 
which took the lives of 1 ,1 86 persons 
(2 percent of the population), is but 
one example of the ravaging plagues 
that decimated the population. Small 
wonder, as Gibbon and Mathewson 
point out in Three Centuries of Cana 
dian Nursing, that the strain imposed 
on the nursing staff drove them to 
drink! 

We have, indeed, come a long way. 
Even so, we venture a guess that 
nurses 1 00 years from now will be 
just as startled at today s nursing 
situation as we are at the 1867 
picture. We sincerely hope so. 

Editor. 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Nurse necessary evil? 

Dear Editor : 

An article in a recent issue of Chatelaine 
examined the "chronic crisis in nursing," 
The article failed to point out that the real 
crisis is the confusion and lack of vision 
among present-day nurse "leaders." 

The leaders want all nurses to have a uni 
versity education. They forget that girls ol 
university standing are intelligent, question 
ing and progressive attitudes unwelcome 
in nursing today since, by tradition, nurses 
are not allowed to give even a laxative 
without a doctor s permission. 

It is unrealized or ignored by nurse 
innovators, that doctors are the biggest ob 
stacles to change in nursing. Their profes 
sional jealousy and fear that their sacro 
sanct areas might be intruded upon have 
resulted in the nurse s being regarded as a 
necessary evil. This subservient status of the 
nurse is perpetuated in schools of nursing 
where students are taught never to display 
initiative or take responsibility because a 
doctor s order is always necessary, however 
trivial the matter concerned might seem. 
Nurses are also taught that in an emergency 
the doctor will always be present; their 
teaching is limited to what the doctor will 
need and how to assist him. This is an ir 
responsible, even dangerous attitude. Since 
many small hospitals do not have resident 
doctors, the nurse is always first on the 
emergency scene and should be the one to 
initiate treatment. 

The obstetrical service is a good example 
of a little knowledge being an almost dan 
gerous thing. Nurses are not taught delivery 
technique, although on many occasions the 
doctor does not arrive in time for the birth. 
The nurse copes with the delivery as best 
she can, but is not encouraged to develop 
her skills. In some hospitals a nurse-delivery 
is recorded on an accident form; in others, 
the staff refuse to concede the honors to 
the nurse and write euphemistically in the 
"delivered-by" column "guided out by 
nurse." Canadian staff on an obstetrics 
floor usually welcome a trained midwife 
always from overseas. 

A newly-graduated nurse will find that, 
unless she works in a big city hospital 
which is a teaching center for medical 
students, much knowledge will be forgot 
ten during her first postgraduate year. She 
will know little about her patients because 
of the curious reluctance of doctors to 
write up case histories, an important source 
of knowledge that enables her to give more 
intelligent and thoughtful care. Nursing 
care can never reach a high standard while 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



the nurse is excluded from a comprehensive 
view of the patient to the point where she 
is ignorant. 

New titles are being sought for tomor 
row s nurses. However, new designations 
will be meaningless if the nurse is to be as 
restricted as she is today. Will the "patient 
care supervisor" of the future be allowed 
to catheterize a patient if she thinks it ne 
cessary or will even she be forced to con 
tact the doctor and deliver her tale of 
symptoms and signs? Will the obstetric 
nurse be allowed to care properly for a 
laboring patient; to perform vaginal exam 
inations; to give sedation when she thinks 
it is needed? Will the doctors accept nurses 
as colleagues and discuss patient care with 
them? These are the points that should con 
cern nurses now. 

Today s red-taped, negative atmosphere is 
unlikely to attract or hold university-cali 
ber girls for long. Up-grading the academic 
training is unnecessary at present for the 
knowledge gained will be wasted, and those 
nurses with initiative and leadership will 
quickly become dissatisfied and frustrated. 

Rosemarie A. Gascoyne, Municipal Hos 
pital, Peace River, Alberta. 

New childbirth method for Canada? 

Dear Editor: 

I was interested to note in "Names" 
(May, 1967) that Erna Wright will be con 
ducting seminars for the National Child 
birth Trust. As you no doubt are aware, 
Mrs. Wright has been conducting these sem 
inars in London for several years now. 
I attended them in 1964 as a newly grad 
uated Canadian nurse and at that time 
I was very favorably impressed by the new 
method of childbirth. Now, as a mother 
and former obstetrical and public health 
nurse, I still have many of the same 
thoughts on the Lamaze method. 

Can we apply this approach to prepara 
tion for childbirth in Canada? How would 
this approach, in general, be accepted by 
our Canadian obstetricians? Are our obs 
tetrical nurses prepared to give effective 
nursing care to the patient trained by this 
method? 

I believe that an objective article clarify 
ing and examining various methods of pre 
natal education, their application in Canada, 
and the particular nursing care involved, 
would be of great help to public health 
and obstetrical nurses, and also of interest 
to many other nurses and young women. 

Nancy (Mrs. Ross E.) Hayes, McGill 64. 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 



Just curious 

Dear Editor: 

Your nursing journal is excellent. I enjoy 
it very much as a friend in Montreal sends 
me her copy when she is finished with it. 

I have one little remark to make about 
the cover of the April issue. The young 
nurse on the picture is attractive and her 
uniform is very pretty, but are her shoes 
professional? Do they really wear "heels" 
on duty in Canada? I see you carried a 
suitable advertisement for the Clinic shoe 
on page 2 of the same issue. Also, where 
is the black band or is this model a 
registered nurse? 

Just curious that s all. Some of the 
other nurses here wonder why her hands 
are hidden as hands are a very important 
commodity to a nurse. I think Canadian 
artists have lots to learn yet. Arlene 
Wisdom, New York City, N.Y. 

Another First For Saskatchewan 

Dear Editor : 

Congratulations to the journal for its ex 
cellence, and to Miss Linda Long for her 
well written exposition on Saskatchewan s 
venture in changing the pattern of nursing 
education (April 1967). Even more con 
gratulations to Saskatchewan for living up 
to its well-earned reputation of leadership in 
the health field. 

I am reminded of a statement made 
many years ago by the late Dr. Fergu 
son to the effect that in health matters 
Saskatchewan could be counted on to make 
the first move. This is another "first". 
Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver, British Co 
lumbia. 

Hospital budgets 

Dear Editor : 

I was particularly impressed by two arti 
cles published in the March issue: "Stan 
dardization," by George T. Maloney and 
"Hospital and Health Care, What Price?" 
by S. J. Maubach. 

I am deeply concerned about hospital 
budgets and believe that if personnel in the 
departments concerned were to read these 
articles they would have guides to objec 
tive thinking and realistic planning. I hope 
to obtain copies of these articles so that 
they can be given to the appropriate per 
sons at home (Trinidad) and to a few of 
my colleagues in nursing administration 
here in Jamaica. (Mrs.) Elsa V. Blake- 
Pinder, University of the West Indies, Ja 
maica, West Indies. 

JULY 1967 



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1 oplic 



news 



Breakthrough: Nurse is 
Guest Speaker at Doctors 
Convention 

Montreal. For the first time in the 
100-year history of the Association, dele 
gates to the Canadian Medical Association 
Conference listened to a nurse. 

Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director 
of the Canadian Nurses Association, was 
guest speaker at the annual meeting in 
Montreal in mid-June. 

Dr. Mussallem told the doctors that there 
was no shortage of nurses in Canada 
only a shortage of working nurses. "Unless 
corrected, the sub-standard levels of salaries 
and the poor working conditions now pre 
vailing in the profession will, within a few 
years, create an actual shortage," she said. 
She called for a coordinated plan for all 
workers in the health field, and greater 
cooperation between medicine and nursing. 

The first week of the two-week meeting 
was held in Quebec City and the second 
week in Montreal. Theme for the day was 
manpower problems in other health profes 
sions. 

Date and Place Set For 
CNA-CMA-CHA Conference 

Toronto. The program committee of 
the joint CNA-CMA-CHA Conference on 
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations has an 
nounced the date and site for the meeting. 
The conference of administrators, directors 
of nursing, doctors, and trustees will be 
held at the Seigniory Club in Montebello, 
Quebec, on December 4th, 5th and 6th, 
1967. 

Tentative plans for the program have 
been prepared, but details have not been 
released. The theme of the Conference will 
be the improvement of communications 
within the hospital setting. All hospitals will 
be invited, but attendance will be limited. 

The Canadian Nurses Association, the 
Canadian Medical Association, and the 
Canadian Hospital Association are sponsor 
ing the conference as a joint project. 

Committee of Experts Meets 
To Discuss ICN Magazine 

Geneva. Experts from the field of 
publications and publicity formed an Ad 
Hoc Committee to assist the Board of Dir 
ectors of the International Council of 
Nurses decide the future policy for the 
International Nursing Review. 

Representatives invited from the ICN Ex 
pert Advisory Panel were Miss P. D. Nutt- 
all, S.R.N., M.C.S.P., editor. Nursing Times, 
United Kingdom, and Mr. P. E. Day, R.N., 

JULY 1967 



Expo 67 Nursing Station Busy Place 




As do nurses in any ward office, on-duty staff at the nurses station in the 
"Man and His Health" Theme Pavilion at Expo 67 meet visitors- Expo nurses 
may see and be seen by 1,200 visitors each hour, however. In the photo Miss 
J. Hebert, graduate nurse from Hopital Maisonneuve, Montreal, explains an 
electrocardiograph reading from the automatic cardiac monitor, while Miss 
Ginette Rheault, student at the St. Luc Hospital, Montreal, watches the closed 
circuit television screen that allows her to observe the patient at all times. 
The television scenes were taped in hospitals and enable the nurses to show 
visitors how patients with severe burns, cardiac arrest, or hemorrhage are 
cared for in an intensive observation unit. 



Executive Director of the American Journal 
of Nursing Company. They were joined by 
Miss Ann Jackson, editor, Panorama, 
League of Red Cross Societies; Mile A.-M. 
Paur, editor, Revue Suisse des Infirmiere.t; 
Dr. N. Howard-Jones, director, division of 
editorial and reference services, World 
Health Organization; and Monsieur J.-G. 
Lossier, editor, International Review of the 
Red Cross, International Committee of the 
Red Cross. 

Under the chairmanship of the ICN Pres 
ident, Miss Alice Girard, the meeting was 
held April 17-19. Principal topics discussed 
were editorial policy of the International 
Nursing Review, its full function, form, and 
production. Replies of national nurses as 
sociations to a circular letter concerning the 
Review were considered. 

NBARN Annual Meeting 
Emphasizes Nursing Service 

Fredericton. "Nursing Service in Tran 
sition" was the theme of the 51st annual 
meeting of the New Brunswick Association 
of Registered Nurses held in Fredericton 
May 31 to June 2, 1967. Speakers, panel 
ists, and audience all took an active part 



in open discussions of the best ways to as 
sure qualified nursing care. 

Mrs. Katherine Wright, president of 
NBARN, told the audience in her address 
on the first morning that all nurses must 
look for ways to remove the workload of 
managerial and non-nursing duties. "We 
have permitted a lesser prepared person 
to give direct patient care while we in 
volve ourselves in activities not requiring 
professional training," she said. "In this 
climate the practice of nursing becomes 
superficial," she declared. 

Executive secretary Mrs. Gwendolyn Her 
mann reported on the Association s activities 
in the past year. Highlights of the year 
included a request to the provincial gov 
ernment to implement the plan of education 
proposed in Portrait of Nursing, new pla 
teaus in collective bargaining, adoption of 
a new system of registration examinations, 
and revision of the bylaws, especially with 
respect to membership and fees. 

Miss Margaret Steed, nursing consultant, 
education, Canadian Nurses Association, 
gave the keynote address. She urged mem 
bers to recognize two appropriate categories 
of nurses and to design educational pro 
grams that will prepare the nurse for her 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



role. She explained how the statement of 
roles, functions and educational preparation 
for the practice of nursing, recently released 
by the CNA, was prepared and the effects 
it will have on nursing all across Canada. 

A banquet on the evening of the second 
day of the conference was the social high 
light of the program. Guest speaker was 
Miss June I. Ferguson, public relations of 
ficer for the Canadian Nurses Association. 
Miss Ferguson urged nurses to be aware of 
their role as moulders of public opinion. 
She praised the programs of the national 
and provincial associations as opinion lead 
ers, but she stressed the role of the indivi 
dual member. "It is the attitude and the 
conversation and the conduct and the dedi 
cated drive of the individual nurse that in 
the final analysis will make the profession 
move onwards and upward," she said. 

The three-day program was attended by 
nurses from all parts of the province. 

Saskatchewan Nurses Celebrate 
Golden Anniversary at Annual 
Meeting 

Saskatoon. At their annual convention, 
held May 24-26, Saskatchewan nurses cele 
brated their 50th anniversary by setting a 
new basic monthly salary goal of $450. 
This amount will serve as a basis for draft 
ing of personnel policies, which the SRNA 
will then negotiate informally with the 
Saskatchewan Hospital Association. The 
delegates also approved some 15 resolutions 
pertaining to improvement of working con 
ditions. 

In her address, the outgoing president, 
Miss Vera Spencer, reminded delegates that 
a bill on Collective Bargaining for Nurses 
was submitted to the Legislature to permit 
the SRNA to negotiate collectively for its 
members. The Minister of Health for Sask 
atchewan, Mr. G. B. Grant, said in a letter 
addressed to the SRNA that he approved the 
"principle contained in these proposals of a 
formal collective bargaining mechanism be 
ing established on behalf of employed re 
gistered nurses." 

In the meantime, SRNA will negotiate 
non-officially with the hospital association. 
In the past, the hospitals have respected 
these agreements to a large extent. How 
ever, many nurses feel that it will be more 
difficult this year because of the large in 
crease in salary nurses are asking for (ap 
proximately $75 per month). 

Sister Therese Castonguay, superintendent 
of nursing education, Department of Edu 
cation, briefly outlined progress in that field. 
The new regional (central) school will open 
in September. Although she is still looking 
for a director, Sister Castonguay neverthe 
less reassured her audience that "deadlines 
are being met." Instead of being divided 

10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SRNA Celebrates Golden Anniversary 




~M mK^f&f^^^^S^ 



On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association, Mrs. Jean Thomson (right), first president (1917-1919) 
of the SRNA took an active part in the annual meeting- Mrs. Thomson told 
her audience of the stages of the founding of the Association and of the diffi 
culties and the progress made in the fields of registration, curriculum uni- 
formy, and conditions of work. 

During her nursing career, Mrs. Thomson organized the school health pro 
gram for the Saskatchewan Department of Education and helped plan the 
junior Red Cross program at the national level. 

Recognized for her outstanding contributions to nursing, Mrs. Thomson 
was president of the CNA from 1922-1926. She received the Agnes Snively 
medal in 1938 and the Florence Nightingale medal in 1939. 

With Mrs- Thomson in the photograph we see Mrs. Agnes Gunn (left), 
new president of the SRNA. Mrs. Gunn, a graduate of Moodstock General 
Hospital and McGill University, took postgraduate work at Boston University. 
She is presently associate director of nursing at the Saskatoon Civic Hospital. 
Before her election to the presidency, Mrs. Gunn was first vice-president of 
the SRNA and has served on many committees at the provincial and national 
levels. 



into the traditional areas (medical-surgical, 
pediatrics, etc.), nursing instruction at the 
new school will be given in three stages: 
basic or simple nursing care, intermediate 
nursing care, and acute or advanced nursing 
care. 

Miss Margaret McCrady spoke to the 
general assembly on "Automation in Nurs 
ing" and described progress in this field at 
the Victoria General Hospital in Winnipeg. 
Miss Ella Howard, director of nursing ser 
vice at the New Mount Sinai Hospital of 
Toronto, described changes that will have 
to be made in hospital nursing services. 
"Nursing service must change its philosophy 
and prepare for inservice programs. We 
cannot expect anymore that the new gradu 
ate will be a procedure expert." Miss Howard 



described how a hospital must function 
while accepting nursing students for clin 
ical experience; one of the main conditions 
of success is the assurance that the students 
are supernumerary and that the hospital does 
not count on their services in budgeting. 

The Association honored its 50th anniver 
sary by presenting the new book, The First 
Fifty Years; a nurse, Mrs. Marguerite E. 
Robinson is the author. 

At the closing of the convention, the 
newly-elected officers were presented. They 
are: Mrs. Agnes Gunn, president; Mrs. 
Madge McKillop, first vice-president; Sister 
Mary Rifuna, second vice-president; Mrs. 
Agnes Herd, chairman, nursing education 
committee; Mrs. Marjorie Tutty, chairman, 
nursing service committee; Miss Catherine 

JULY 1967 



news 



Boyko, chairman, socio-economic welfare 
committee; Mrs. Dolores Ast, chairman, 
chapters and public relations committee. 

In turning over the chair to the new 
president, Miss Vera Spencer declared, "I 
feel very proud to have had the honor of 
serving the Association at this time of our 
50th Anniversary; I am sure that the Asso 
ciation will move ahead as successfully in 
the next 50 years as it has in the past." 

New Officers For RNANS 

Sydney. A new slate of officers for 
the Registered Nurses Association of Nova 
Scotia was elected during the annual meet 
ing held in Sydney, Nova Scotia, May 31 to 
June 2, 1967. 

Miss Jean Church, assistant director of 
the school of nursing at Dalhousie Univer 
sity was elected president. First vice.-presi- 
dent is Eleanor Purdy, director of nursing 
at Nova Scotia Hospital. Margaret Mathe- 
son, a retired nurse, was elected second 
vice-president, and Sister Marie Barbara, 
director of nursing at St. Martha s Hospital, 
third vice-president. 

Other officers elected during the meeting 
were: Marilyn Riley, recording secretary; 
Sister Clare Marie, chairman, nursing edu 
cation committee; Mrs. Rose Jenkins, chair 
man, nursing service committee; and Sister 
Thomas Joseph, chairman, social and econ 
omic welfare committee. 

Approved during the three-day meeting 
were the personnel policies to start January 
1, 1968. These included a recommended 
basic salary of $425 per month. 

Plan For Nursing Education 
Presented to RNABC Annual 
Meeting 

Vancouver. Delegates to the annual 
meeting of the Registered Nurses Associa 
tion of British Columbia, held in Vancou 
ver, May 31 - June 2, heard plans for 
the orderly development of nursing educa 
tion in the province and had an opportun 
ity for discussion with the members of the 
committee. The educational program of the 
meeting centered on the new publication, 
A Proposed Plan for the Orderly Develop 
ment of Nursing Education in British Co 
lumbia. The document was prepared by the 
RNABC planning committee on nursing 
education. 

Members of the committee reviewed per 
tinent portions of the report, and answered 
questions from the floor. 

Only part I of the plan is ready; it con 
cerns basic nursing education programs. It 
reports that the six hospital schools in the 
province are conducting good programs, 
but that they are graduating insufficient 
numbers to meet provincial requirements. 
The committee agreed that all schools 

JULY 1967 



should come within the provincial general 
educational system, and that a gradual phas- 
ing-out of the present hospital-conducted 
schools should be planned. Two-year pro 
grams in nursing in suitable post-secondary 
educational institutions must be developed 
concurrently. 

The recommended personnel policies of 
the RNABC for January 1968, to be pro 
posed in bargaining with nurse employers, 
were discussed. Delegates recommended a 
basic starting salary of $600 a month for 
the first-year diploma graduate. 

Resolutions passed at the three-day meet 
ing included a request to Council that a 
full-time consultant in nursing service be 
added to the staff of the provincial office, 
and that a committee be set up by the 
RNABC to hear appeals from nurses dis 
missed from their positions and to offer 
full support of the Association in obtaining 
reinstatement where -it is justified. 

Suggested changes to the bylaws were 
presented by the committee on legislation, 
constitution and bylaws, and were passed by 
the assembly. 

RNANS Examines 
Shortened Programs 

Sydney. The Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Nova Scotia examined "Shortened 
Programs in Nursing and the Implications 
for Nursing Service" during their annual 
meeting held May 31 to June 2, 1967. 

Attendance at this year s meeting was a 
record high with 480, including 80 student 
nurses. 



Guest speakers at the education day were 
Mrs. Catherine O Shaunessy, acting director 
of the school of nursing of Regina Grey 
Nuns Hospital, Regina, and Miss Margaret 
Beswetherick, nursing advisor for RNANS. 

Miss Beswetherick told how social change 
in Canada had created a need for change 
within nursing. Advocating a change from 
the present hospital school system, she 
said, "Educators are charged with the future 
care of the patient. For the sake of ex 
pediency this future goal is often jeopar 
dized." She pointed out that the 25 percent 
service component required of student 
nurses is often far exceeded at the ex 
pense of their education. 

"Inertia within a system of education 
may be created by the inability to take a 
stand," she said. 

At the afternoon session Mrs. O Shau 
nessy dealt with the step-by-step develop 
ment of the problems associated with the 
two-year program at Grey Nuns Hospital 
School of Nursing in Saskatchewan. 

Following the speeches, panel members 
presented thoughts, ideas and anticipated 
problems for nursing service associated with 
the change to a shortened program. The 
major problem was considered to be staff 
ing. 

Miss Jean Dobson, participant in one of 
the panels, suggested that nurses look close 
ly at the traditions and functions that are 
not practical or in keeping with society. 
"One of our most pronounced problems 
seems to be our routine," she said. 

The membership gave a unanimous vote 



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During the past years we have received many orders from Registered Nurses for VADEMECUM 
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news 



of confidence in their executive and gave 
them the authority to proceed with the 
changes in the basic nursing education pro 
grams as they saw fit. 

"Largest Ever" Convention 
For Alberta Nurses 

Edmonton. More than 1,100 nurses at 
tended the 51st annual convention of the 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
held at the Chateau Lacombe in Edmonton 
in mid-May. The three-day convention was 
the largest ever held by the Association. 

The program was built around the theme 
"Service Through Self-Improvement." Miss 
Dorothy M. Smith, Dean, College of Nurs 
ing, University of Florida, delivered the 
keynote address. Miss Smith was both 
critical of and hopeful for nursing. She 
criticized, "Adequate nursing is done by 
chance rather than by organization and 
systematic approach, and nurses must learn 
to feel accountable." The lack of a system 
for collecting data or information on which 
to make predictions and set nursing goals is 
a major problem in nursing, the dean said. 
The fund of nursing knowledge is growing, 
however, and nurses are learning to pool in 
formation systematically and concisely so 
that they can think clinically, she added. 

Dr. Ralph Sutherland of the University 
of Ottawa addressed the large audience on 
"Specialization." His talk was followed by 
a lively discussion from panel members 
Dr. C. J. Varvis, internist, Links Clinic, 
Edmonton; Mr. E. H. Knight, administrator, 
General Hospital, Red Deer; Miss Pamela 
Allan, University of Alberta Hospital; and 
Mrs. Margaret Mrazek, educational coordin 
ator, Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton. 

Dr. Varvis roused the audience and drew 
angry responses from fellow panel members 
when he suggested that nurses were "hand 
maidens" of the doctor. "Are you saying 
that doctors could do a better job of nurs 
ing than nurses?" asked Dr. Sutherland. 

Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director, 
Canadian Nurses Association, gave an up- 
to-date report of CNA activities and future 
plans. 

Socially, the convention opened with a 
wine and cheese party that attracted 500 
nurses and VIPs. The reception party en 
abled many members to meet and greet 
friends from throughout the province. More 
than 800 attended the annual banquet held 
the following evening. 

"Nursing Today" Theme 
of ARNN Annual Meeting 

Grand Falls, Nfld. The 13th annual 
meeting of the Association of Registered 
Nurses of Newfoundland, held May 8th and 
9th in Grand Falls, marked the first time 
that this meeting had been held outside the 
capital city of St. John s. 



Theme of this year s meeting was "Nurs 
ing Today." The speeches examined "Nurs 
ing Needs of a Space Age Society," "Values 
and Status in Nursing Today," and "De 
velopments in Medical and Nursing Scien 
ce." 

Guest speaker at the annual banquet was 
Mrs. Huguette LaBelle, assistant director of 
the school of nursing at the Ottawa Gen 
eral Hospital and lecturer in hospital ad 
ministration at the University of Ottawa. 

Newly-elected president of the ARNN is 
Reverend Sister Mary Xaverius who re 
places past-president Miss Janet Story. Vice- 
presidents elected during the meeting are 
Mrs. Marilyn Marsh, Miss Dorothy Pinsent 
and Miss Ada Simms. 

Members passed a resolution that the 
ARNN request the Memorial University of 
Newfoundland to set up diploma and de 
gree programs for graduate nurses to meet 
the immediate needs of nursing in New 
foundland. Speakers to the motion reported 
that at present a shortage of nurses with 
postbasic preparation in nursing education 
and administration exists in the province. 

BC OR Nurses Organize; 
Plan Institute For Spring 68 

Vancouver. The British Columbia 
Operating Room Nurses Group has grown 
to almost 300 members since it was start 
ed in May 1966, the president, Miss Joan 
Flower, told the members of the executive 
at their recent meeting. It is expected that 
many more nurses from all parts of the 
province will join as corresponding mem 
bers by the fall of this year. 

The executive committee announced plans 
for a provincial institute to be held in the 
spring of 1968. At that time, members will 
be asked to approve a constitution and by 
laws. 

The objectives of the group as outlined 
in the proposed constitution are to im 
prove the quality of nursing care to pa 
tients undergoing surgical intervention by 
improving present practices in the operating 
room; to keep abreast of recent develop 
ments in surgical techniques and procedures 
and administrative practices; and to allow 
for correspondence and exchange of ideas 
and techniques between operating room per 
sonnel throughout the province. 

Other executive members, who will re 
main in office until the 1968 meeting, are: 
Miss Ellen Schrodt, vice-president; Mrs. 
Aneta William, secretary; Miss Corrine 
McGibbon, treasurer. 

Environmental Medicine: 
New Field 

New York. Thanks to the relatively 
new field of environmental medicine, there 
is hope that the causes of several trouble 
some ailments bronchial asthma, chronic 
bronchitis, eczema, hay fever, allergic skin 
irritatioas, and other allergic diseases 
may one day be found and effective treat- 
(Continued on page 14) 

JULY 1967 



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tnent evolved and implemented. 

What is environmental medicine? Basical 
ly, it is research study, experiments and 
treatment directly involving humans, car 
ried on in environmentally controlled 
rooms to further the knowledge of biomed- 
ical physiologists and pathophysiologists. 

"I believe that environmental medicine 
will be an entire medical field in the not- 
too-distant future," says Dr. Vincent J. 
Fontana, director of pediatrics at St. Vin 
cent s Hospital and Medical Center in New 
York City, who conceived the idea for the 
room used there. 

The St. Vincent s installation, said to be 
the first environmentally controlled diag 
nostic and treatment unit in the United 
States, was constructed by Tenney En 
gineering. Inc., of Union, N.J. It was in 
stalled in February, 1965. 

What are environmentally controlled 
rooms? Most of them look like any other 
hospital room, but are constructed so that 
pollen, dust, molds and other irritants in 
the air may be removed completely, or in 
troduced at will in precisely controlled 
quantities, to determine their allergic ef 
fect upon the patients. It also is possible 
to create a wide range of temperatures 
and/or humidities and in some cases to 
simulate varying altitudes. 

Patients and their reactions to these con 
ditions can be monitored around the clock 
by means of closed-circuit television or 
one-way windows. 

NLN Affirms Stand 
On Nursing Education 

New York. The National League for 
Nursing again supported its stand for an 
orderly phasing out of hospital diploma 
schools of nursing at its biennial convention 
held in New York in early May. The as 
sembly also adopted a new structure de 
signed to encourage participation in nursing 
affairs by the community. 

The major issue of the five-day meeting 
came on the final morning. A motion to 
rescind a 1965 resolution calling for the 
orderly transition of nursing education into 
institutions of higher learning was defeated. 
The NLN s position remains compatible 
with the American Nurses Association s 
position on the educational of professional 
and technical nurse practitioners. 

A second motion was put forward to pro 
vide, for interpretation, a statement that 
accredited diploma programs and licensed 
practical nursing programs must be conti 
nued concurrently with the development of 
the new programs so that present and evolv 
ing nursing needs are met. This motion 
was approved and referred to the NLN 
Board of Directors for action. 

14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Tiny patient being cared for in environmentally controlled room at St. Vincent s 

Hospital in New York City- Staff check allergic skin reaction. 



In bylaw changes approved by the mem 
bership, the League retains councils of 
member agencies for all types of nursing 
education programs, and councils of mem 
ber agencies for hospital and public health 
nursing services. Individual members are 
included in a council on community plan 
ning for nursing. 

Also approved was a bylaw change mak 
ing the immediate past president a member 
of the Board for a two-year term. 

Other resolutions approved at the meet 
ing reiterated NLN support of men in 
nursing, and urged support for home care 
programs. 

More than 7,000 members and guests 
representing nursing, hospital administra 



tion, medicine, education registered for 
the convention. 

RNABC Returns President 
For Second Term 

Vancouver. Mrs. Margaret H. Lunn 
was named for a second term as president 
of the Registered Nurses Association of 
British Columbia at the annual meeting 
May 31 - June 2. Mrs. Lunn is currently 
acting head nurse at the Pearson Hospital 
in Vancouver. 

Elected by acclamation as first vice-presi 
dent was Miss Eunice Bastable, public 
health nurse in the After Care Clinic of the 
Provincial Mental Health Services. 

Also elected to office were Mrs. Monica 



The new president of the National League for Nursing, L. Ann Conley, second 
from right, and other officers get together informally after the announcement of 
their election at the National League for Nursing Convention in New York in 
May. Left are Anne Kibrick, first vice-president, and Gwendoline R. MacDo- 
nald, third vice-president. At right is Dean Long, treasurer. Michael G. Blans- 
field, second vice-president was not present- 




JULY 1967 



Next Month 
in 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



Inservice education 



New image for the 
hospital chaplain 



Manipulation in nurse-patient 
relationships 




Photo credits 

E. Roseborough Cover photo 
Graetz Bros. Ltd., p. 9 
Julien LeBourdais, pp. 20, 24 
Briston Films Limited, p. 25 



news 



Angus, student in the master s program in 
education at UBC, as second vice-president; 
Miss Marion K. Smith, senior administra 
tive assistant of special projects and research 
at the Vancouver General Hospital, as hon 
orary secretary; and Mr. Thomas J. Mc- 
Kenna, medical technician at Riverview 
Hospital, Essondale, as honorary treasurer. 
The new executive will serve a two-year 
term. 

Evaluation Forms Need 
Evaluation, Educator 
Points Out 

Ottawa. Evaluation forms now in use 
place too much emphasis on personality 
traits and not enough on nursing care, ac 
cording to Sister Jeanne Forest of Mon 
treal s Institut Marguerite d Youville. Sister 
Jeanne was addressing delegates of the 
Canadian Conference of University Schools 
of Nursing at their meeting here at the end 
of May. 

Striving for adequate care, administering 
drugs precisely, admitting errors, and keep 
ing up-to-date on new methods are some of 
the main characteristics of a good student 
nurse, she said. Sister has recently com 
pleted a 200-page research paper on the 
evaluation of first-year nursing students as 
a partial requirement for her doctoral de 
gree. 

Other speakers at the meeting included 
Miss Moyra Allen, associate professor of 
nursing at McGill University in Montreal, 
Miss Betty Harrington of the University of 
Alberta, Edmonton, and Miss Marie Forten 
of Laval University, Quebec. 

During the meeting, the more than 40 
professors from university schools across 
Canada discussed suggestions for a new 
structure for CCUSN. A further meeting 
will be held in October to investigate the 
proposal. 

Deans and directors of university schools 
of nursing in Ontario reported that they 
have established a separate association to 
share ideas on programs, progress, prob 
lems, and plans in the province. 

New Salvation Army Hospital 
Opens in Winnipeg 

Winnipeg. Transferring patients 
even just down the hall can be a trouble 
some task. However, the transfer of patients 
five and one-half miles from the old 
Grace General Hospital in downtown Win 
nipeg to the gleaming new Grace General 
Hospital in the suburb of St. James went 
off slick as a whistle. 

The transfer of patients to the new 250- 
bed hospital was planned with the Metro 
politan Winnipeg Emergency Measures Or 
ganization. The move was completed in one 
day. 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



The new seven and one-half million dol 
lar building had been officially opened two 
weeks before by Manitoba Premier Duff 
Roblin. Commissioner Edgar Grinsted, Ter 
ritorial Commander for the Salvation Army 
in Canada and Bermuda, handed Premier 
Roblin the special golden key at the open 
ing ceremonies on April 19. 

Prior to the transfer of patients, which 
took place May 6, tours were arranged for 
many organizations and the public. One of 



the most popular was that for senior citi 
zens; more than 600 took advantage of the 
opportunity to see the new facilities. Over 
8,500 people toured the hospital during the 
nine days. 

The old hospital has been closed to allow 
demolition of the oldest parts. Later, a new 
Winnipeg Division will be opened on the 
site. The plan is to provide 450 beds in 
the two divisions. By operating the two as 
one hospital, important savings will be 
made. Modern communication services 
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without duplication of senior administrative 
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



administrator, one director of nursing, one 
medical director, one purchasing depar- 
ment, one personnel office, one admitting 
department, one CSR, and one switchboard. 
The two divisions will be linked though an 
internal telephone system, by direct trans 
mission of written and typed communica 
tions, and possibly by telephone transmis 
sion of x-rays and electrocardiograms. 

Specialist services will not be duplicated. 
For instance, obstetric and pediatric serv 
ices will be provided only at St. James, and 
psychiatric and urological services will be 
in the Winnipeg division emergencies 
always excepted. 

RNAO Greyllsts 
County Hospital 

Toronto. The Registered Nurses As 
sociation of Ontario has announced the 
greylisting of Lennox and Addington County 
General Hospital, in Napanee. 

The Association recommends that nurses 
refrain from accepting employment in this 
hospital until the present dispute over a 
management problem is resolved. The dis 
pute relates to the termination of employ 
ment of three senior members of the nurs 
ing staff an administrative supervisor, a 
supervisor of the operating room, and a 
head nurse in the emergency department. 
RNAO urged present staff to honor their 
employment contracts so that the hospital 
may continue to function. 

In a press announcement, the Association 
said "We take this action with regret and 
in the absence of an established mechanism 
for resolution of a dispute involving mana 
gement nurses. The association is willing, 
at any time, to work with the hospital 
administration in an effort to find a solu 
tion to the dispute. The hospital has not 
suggested that the nurses involved in the 
dispute are other than competent profes 
sional persons. They lost their positions 
attempting to bring about better patient 
care through suggestions pertaining to im 
proved methods of administration of the 
nursing department." 

New Pamphlet Describes 
Nurses Education, Functions 

A concise description of both the dip 
loma and baccalaureate nursing programs 
and the roles that graduates from either 
program will play in nursing is contained 
in a new pamphlet published by the Can 
adian Nurses Association. 

The five-page pamphlet, called Roles, 
Function and Educational Preparation for 
the Practice of Nursing, points out the dif 
ferences in the two categories of nurses 
baccalaureate and diploma from the 
viewpoint of both education and functions 
of the nurse. 

It would be most helpful to those con 
sidering a nursing career as well as to 
those concerned with education and nursing 
service throughout the country. 

JULY 1967 



news 



SRNA gives $5000 
To CNF 

Saskatoon To commemorate its 50th 
anniversary, the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association sent a $5,000 cheque to 
the Canadian Nurses Foundation. 

This donation was voted by SRNA mem 
bers at their 1966 annual meeting and the 
money was given to the Foundation in the 
name of Saskatchewan nurses early in this 
golden anniversary year. 

In her address at the Convention, Miss 
Vera Spencer, outgoing president, reminded 
the nurses that the CNF nevertheless needs 
their individual support and asked them to 
subscribe generously. 

The $5,000 will be used for nursing 
scholarships by the Foundation. 

Lethbridge Sister 

To Lead Alberta Nurses 

Edmonton. Reverend Sister Ann 
Marie, director of nursing education at 
St. Michael s Hospital School of Nursing, 
Lethbridge, was elected President of the 
Alberta Association of Registered Nurses 
at their annual convention in Edmonton, 
May 16-19. Sister Ann Marie is the first 
nun ever to hold the president s position 
in the 51 -year history of the Association. 

Miss Geneva Purcell, director of nursing, 
University Hospital, Edmonton; Miss Eileen 
Jameson, director of nursing education, Gen 
eral Hospital, Calgary; and Mrs. Lillian 




Rutherford, senior nurse, Grande Prairie 
Health Unit, were elected vice-presidents of 
the 9,500-member organization. 

Sister Ann Marie is a graduate of 
the General Hospital School of Nur 
sing, New Waterford, N.S., and re 
ceived a Bachelor of Science in Nur- 

JULY 1967 



sing degree from- St. Francis Xavier 
University, Antigonish, N.S. In 1964 she 
received a Master of Science degree from 
Boston University. She served with the 
Canadian Army Medical Corps during 
World War II and entered the Congregation 
of the Sisters of St. Martha in 1952. She 
served as a vice-president of the AARN for 
two years prior to being elected to the top 
post. 

RCAMC Bursary Announced 

Ottawa. The Royal Canadian Army 
Medical Corps Fund announces an annual 
bursary of $300.00. The award will be given 



to dependents of present or former non 
commissioned members of the RCAM CA 
(R), or of the CASF (Korea) who have 
served since 1950. 

The bursary is awarded to a dependent 
who has achieved satisfactory scholastic 
standing in the entrance, first, second, or 
third year of a recognized Canadian univer 
sity, teachers college, school of nursing, or 
institute of technology course requiring a 
minimum of 2400 hours of instruction. 

Further details may be obtained from the 
Secretary, RCAMC Bursary, Surgeon Gen 
eral Staff, National Defence Headquarters, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 



ONE-STEP PREP 





with 

LEET ENEMA 

single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA S fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4!/2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each ? 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. ( 

QUALITY PHARMACEUTICALS / 



^Registered trade mark. 



MONTREAL 

fOUNOfO If 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



news 



Three-Day Education Workshop 
Held For PEI Instructors 

Charlotletown. The Association of 
Nurses of Prince Edward Island recently 
sponsored a three-day workshop on nursing 
education for the faculties of all schools 
of nursing in the province. Miss Margaret 
Steed, nursing consultant in education, 
Canadian Nurses Association, conducted 
the workshop sessions, which focused on 
curriculum planning and evaluation of stu 
dents in clinical practice. 

The purpose of the workshop was to help 
instructors identify problem areas in curri 
culum construction, course content, utiliza 
tion of practice areas, and evaluation tech 
niques. 

Forty-two nurses, most of them nursing 
instructors, attended the lecture-discussion 
program. 

Discussion leaders were Mrs. Beth Rob 
inson, Prince Edward Island School of 
Nursing, Miss Stella Driscoll, Charlottetown 
Hospital School of Nursing, Mrs. Mary 
Murphy, Prince County Hospital School of 
Nursing, and Mrs. Marilyn Coady, River 
side Hospital School for the Psychiatric 
Nursing Affiliate Program. 



Nursing Service Workshop 
Held on West Coast 

Vancouver. Sixty-eight nurses from 
44 centers in Alberta and British Columbia 
attended the second Workshop for Directors 
and Assistant Directors of Nursing Service 
held in Vancouver May 2-5. 

Dr. Larry Moore, assistant professor, Fac 
ulty of Commerce and Business Adminis 
tration at the University of British Colum 
bia, Miss Madge McKillop, assistant admin 
istrator, nursing, at the University Hospital 
in Saskatoon, and Mis Kathleen Dier, as 
sistant professor of nursing at the Univer 
sity of Saskatchewan, discussed current 
problems in nursing and Dr. Moore led 
group sessions on techniques of problem- 
solving. 

The four-day conference was the second 
of six regional conferences on nursing ser 
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation. Four others will be held in Re- 
gina, Toronto, London, and Quebec City 
this fall. Miss Frances Howard, CNA con 
sultant in nursing service, directs the work 
shop sessions. 

"These programs permit self-development 
for a group often ignored in planning staff 
education. Inservice programs provide the 
means by which staff nurses can grow, but 
the director often has no one with whom 
she can share problems and learn how to 
face them," said Miss Howard. 



First Work Conference Scheduled 
For New School at Memorial 
University 

St. John s. -- The first work conference 
to be held in the new school of nursing at 
Memorial University of Newfoundland is 
scheduled for July 3-14, 1967. The con 
ference, cosponsored by the Association 
of Registered Nurses of Newfoundland and 
the university, is designed for teachers of 
nursing, and participants will include teach 
ers in the diploma and nursing assistants 
programs as well as inservice education 
coordinators. 

Director of the conference is Dr. Alice 
Rines, professor of nursing, Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University, New York. Dr. 
Rines, a Canadian, is currently helping 
prepare teachers of nursing at the master s 
level. 

The program will cover a range of topics 
from the general to the particular. Dr. 
Rines will begin the conference with a 
consideration of a "Philosophy of Nursing 
and Nursing Education." Topics to be dis 
cussed throughout the remainder of the 
conference will be of practical value to 
teachers and will deal with subjects such 
as selection and organization of content, 
methods of teaching, and use of the labor 
atory in nursing. 

Those who attend all sessions will be 
granted certificates of attendance. 



World Health Problems 



highly developed nations 



developing nations 





infectious and parasitic diseases 

cancer 

diseases of the heart and blood vessels 

ulcer, appendicitis and g.i. disease 



/? birth injuries, neonatal and infant diseases 

old age 
^ violent death, including accidents, suicide 

fc all other causes 

graphs: WHO 



18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



news 



Special Children s Unit 
Successful; New Unit Opens 

Dartmouth, N.S. At the beginning of 
April, a second children s unit was estab 
lished at the Nova Scotia Hospital in Dart 
mouth. The second ward is in the main 
portion of the hospital and admits children 
unsuitable for care in MacKay House, the 
hospital s special homelike unit. The estab 
lishment of the second unit means that it is 
no longer necessary to house children in the 
adult sections of the hospital. 

MacKay House, a 22-bed treatment unit, 
opened in November 1965. There, doctors 
treat children between the ages of five and 
twelve who suffer from severe emotional 
and behavioral problems as well as cer 
tain types of mental illness. The treatment 
program includes individual psychotherapy, 
the use of drugs where indicated, group 
sessions, group games both inside and out 
side the hospital, individual and group 
counseling for parents, and close liason 
with community and welfare agencies. 

The hospital has tried to maintain an 
atmosphere as close to average home life 
as possible. This has been achieved through 
the homelike appearance of MacKay House 
(which originally had been the home of the 
hospital supervisor), inclusion of many com 
munity social activities such as cubs or 
guides, attendance at city schools, and 
swimming, skating, and shopping trips. AH 
meals are prepared in MacKay House rather 
than in the hospital central kitchen, and 
children eat in family-like groups with the 
child care workers who look after them. 

The new ward will provide for examina 
tion and treatment of children who have 
brain damage or who are suffering from 
epilepsy. These children will receive a dif 
ferent type of care and management, but 
will still have care in residential treatment 
units. 

Personnel for the residential wards are 
selected according to innate personality 
traits rather than training background. The 
child care workers have a variety of ex 
perience in group activities, such as "Y" 
work, scouts and guides. They must have 
a sensitivity for the needs of disturbed chil 
dren and sufficient maturity to cope with 
the work. A minimum grade 12 education 
is required. 

Consultants in child psychiatry, pediatrics, 
occupational therapy, teaching, group case 
work, psychology and nursing work with 
the child care workers. 

Staff Nurses Discuss 
Work Setting 

Montreal. The importance of the role 
of the staff nurse and her responsibility for 
better patient care were stressed in a work- 

IULY 1967 




WORKSHOPS FOR 
DIRECTORS AND 
ASSISTANT DIRECTORS 



Four more regional workshops for directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hos 
pitals will be conducted in 1967. The topic: Improvement of Nursing Service in Hospitals 
Through the Problem-Solving Method. 

The workshops aim at stimulating directors and assistant directors of nursing service to use 
the problem-solving approach in the administration of nursing services. Key speakers will 
discuss techniques of problem-solving. Major problems in nursing services in Canada will be 
discussed. Through group work and case study methods skills in problem-solving will be 
developed. 



Region 

Ontario 

Mid-West 

Ontario 

Quebec 



Toronto 

Regina 
London 
Quebec City 



Date 

October 17-20, 1967 
October 24-27, 1967 
November 7-10, 1967 
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1967 



The workshop to be held in Quebec city will be conducted in the French language only. 
English language nurses in the province of Quebec are invited to attend one of the work 
shops held in Ontario. French language nurses in New Brunswick are invited to attend the 
workshop in Quebec city. 

The workshops are open to directors or assistant directors of nursing service in hospitals. 
Registration is limited to 60 persons. The registration fee is $50.00. Because of the nature 
of the workshop only full-time registrants can be accepted. 

Here is an opportunity for directors and assistant directors of nursing service: 

to sharpen skills in problem-solving within a 
"training laboratory" environment; 

to learn how problem-solving can be facilitated through group work; 

to stimulate orderly thinking toward the improvement of 
nursing service; 

to identify the leadership role of the director of nursing service 
and/or assistant director of nursing service in problem-solving and 
decision making. 

Interested! then plan now to attend the workshop in your area. Register early and avoid 
disappointment. 



I wish to register for the CNA Regional Workshop for Directors or 
Assistant Directors of Nursing Service in Hospitals held in : 



Toronto 
Regina 



London 
Quebec City 



Name 



Title of Position Years in Position 

Name of Hospital Number of Beds 

City or Town 

Qualifications beyond RN 



I enclose postal note (bank money order) for $ 
payable to the Canadian Nurses Association. 



MAIL TO: 

CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 

50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



news 



shop held by the English Chapter, District 
XI of the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec. Sessions were held on 
May 15th, 1967 and repeated on May 16th. 
The workshop was particularly geared for 
staff nurses, assistant head nurses, and 
nursing instructors. 

The title, "This Place Called Work," re 
flected the theme. The groups attempted to 
identify some of the environmental factors 
that either inhibit or enhance effective 
nursing. 

Following the opening presentation by 
Miss Joan Gilchrist, assistant professor of 
nursing, McGill University, the group di 
vided into smaller units for discussion. A 
panel of nursing experts then examined the 
findings of the group and emphasized 
certain main factors. Mrs. Anita Cabelli, 
director of nursing at Maimonides Hospital 
and Home for the Aged, spoke on human 
resources and their implications for nursing. 
Material resources and their effect on nurs 
ing care was the subject of Mr. Samuel 
Cohen, executive director of the Jewish 
General Hospital, Montreal. Communica 
tion was discussed by Miss Lorine Besel, 
supervisor of nursing at the Allan Memor 
ial Institute. Mrs. Elva Armstrong, head 
nurse at the Montreal Children s Hospital 
talked about cooperation. 

School of Nursing Librarians 
Meet in Toronto 

Toronto. School of nursing librarians 
from the Toronto area held a special sem 
inar on Library resources and tools on 
May 17th. The group, almost all of whom 
are non-professional librarians, is the same 
one that initiated the library workshops in 
the Spring of 1966. The Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario provided space and 
secretarial services for the group. 

Miss Margaret Parkin, librarian for the 
Canadian Nurses Association, was guest 
speaker for the morning session. She dis 
cussed resources of the CNA Library, ac 
quisition of government documents, library 
reference tools, and compilation of bibli 
ographies. Miss Mabel Brown, librarian, 
school of nursing at the Civic Hospital, 
Ottawa, and Miss Marilynne Sequin, libra 
rian, school of nursing, St. Michael s Hos 
pital, Toronto discussed library orientation 
and audiovisual aids in the afternoon. 

"The discussion periods were vigorous 
and interesting, and revealed how much 
such seminars are needed," said Miss Par 
kin. "It was a pleasure to work with such 
an enthusiastic and keenly interested group." 

One-day Conference at Sarnia 

Sarnia, Ont. - - On April 26th, 1967, 
obstetrical staff of the Sarnia General Hos- 

20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Overhead Projector Demonstrated 




Nurse educators at the RNAO annual meeting April 27-29 had an oppor 
tunity to view a relatively new type of teaching aid, the "overhead projector," 
courtesy of the J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada. Sister Mary Felicitas, 
president of the Canadian Nurses Association, and Miss M. Catherine Farah, 
assistant coordinator of inservice education at St- Michael s Hospital, To 
ronto, watch with interest as Mr. B. Lippincott shows them how overhead 
projection of transparencies can be used to reinforce lectures. Both the 
transparencies and projectors are available from the Lippincott Company. 



pital held a one-day conference. Purposes 
of the meeting were to promote job satis 
faction; to add to the nurse s basic knowl 
edge; to improve patient care; and to en 
courage self-development. 

Members of the medical staff gave lec 
tures on hypnosis and its place in obstet 
rics, jaundice in the newborn, recent de 
velopments in obstetrics, and postpartum 
psychoses. 

All obstetrical staff attended. As well, 
a general invitation was issued to all nurs 
ing departments within the hospital, the 
Department of Public Health, Victorian 
Order of Nurses, and the Children s Aid 
Society. Sixty persons attended. 

Male Nurses Admitted to 
University of Montreal 

Montreal. Graduate male nurses 
although not recognized in the provincial 
Nurses Act and who at present cannot be 
members of the Association of Nurses of 
the Province of Quebec will nevertheless 



be admitted to the bacalaureate degree 
course at the University of Montreal. 

Denying an announcement in the Quebec 
paper Le Soleil, which stated admission 
would be refused, Miss Alice Girard, dean 
of the nursing faculty, said "We hope that 
the Nurses Act will be amended this year 
to permit these male nurses who will have 
a bachelor s degree to practice legally." 






Hospital Pharmacy Keeps 
Drug Information Up-to-date 

Regina. A quick and efficient method 
by which staff can obtain information on 
drugs has been developed by the pharmacy 
department of the Regina Grey Nuns Hos 
pital. The Drug Information Centre pro 
vides a service which ensures that detailed, 
accurate, and up-to-date drug information is 
readily available to the medical and nursing 
professions in the hospital. 

Information is filed under the coding sys 
tem of the American Hospital Formulary 
with a separate folder for each drug. Both 

JULY 1967 



Colored charts of the 
female reproductive system . . . 

free 




STANDING 

FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS 




FEMALE ^ REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



We would like to send you a set of anatomical 
drawings of the female reproductive system. They 
include illustrations of the changes that occur 
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw 
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami 
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in 
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for 
grease-pencil use and erasure. 

And to help you in your instruction, we offer 
two booklets: one with answers to questions young 
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for 
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place 
in a woman s life. 

If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy 
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical 
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons 
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua 
tion. You may then order as many free booklets 
as you need. 

Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that 
many girls and women feel toward menstruation. 
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf 



ing often caused by a perineal pad. Tampax 
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a 
source of embarrassment for many women. And 
they are hygienic easy to insert, to wear, and to 
dispose of so that your patients will feel cool, 
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual 
protection. 

Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg 
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions 
for insertion are enclosed in each package. 



TAMPAX 



SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION LTD., BARRIE, ONTARIO. 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the 
two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of 
Tampax tampons. 



Name_ 



Address. 



news 



generic and brand names of the drug are 
indexed so that the information can be re 
trieved with a minimum of delay. The file 
contains package inserts, new product in 
formation forms, manufacturers notices and 
reprints, and a bibliography of all articles 
available in the medical library that per 
tain to that particular drug. 

A Pharmacy Newsletter is published 
every two months and distributed to the 
nursing staff. It features different phases of 



drug therapy and information on the re 
lease of new Pharmaceuticals. 

School of Nursing Gets 
National Health Grant 

Ottawa. The School of Nursing at the 
University of New Brunswick is the first 
project in that province to receive a con 
tribution from the federal government s 
Health Resources Fund. National Health 
and Welfare Minister, Allan J. MacEachen, 
announced that $999,127 will go toward the 
cost of constructing and equipping the new 
building for nurses. 

Construction on the three-story build- 



at 

your 
fingertips... 





secure 

umbilical cord 
ligation 

\ 

When it s time to ligate the umbilical cord, a Hollister 
Double-Grip Cord-Clamp should be within reach. Its 
contoured finger-grips and wide jaw angle make one- 
hand application easy. 

Hollister s Cord-Clamp has other benefits too: a hinge 
guard to keep even a large cord within the sealing area; 
firm-holding Double-Grip jaws to prevent slipping; a 
constant, even pressure to eliminate the dangers of seep 
age; and no need for belly bands or dressings. The clamp 
has a permanent, blind closure. When it s ready for re- 
moval-usually after 24 hours-the clamp is simply cut 
through at the hinge. Hollister provides the clipper. 

This disposable, lightweight Hollister Cord-Clamp may 
be autoclaved, or it can be purchased in individual pre- 
sterilized packets. Write for samples and literature, on 
hospital or professional letterhead, please. 



Si 



HOLLISTER 

IN CANADA: 160 BAY ST., TORONTO I, ONT. 



211 E. CHICAGO AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. 60611 



22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ing started in May, 1966. Completion date 
is set for March 31, 1968. 

The new facilities will permit a student 
enrolment during 1968-1971 of 617 nursing 
students. Ninety students will be admitted 
to the first year in 1968, and by 1971 the 
school will provide for admission of 115 
students to the first year nursing program. 

As well as increasing the student enrol 
ment, the new building will provide for 
expansion in types of programs offered, and 
possibly for postgraduate teaching programs. 

Health and Welfare Publications 
Received PR Awards 

Ottawa. Four booklets produced by 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare have been selected for "awards of 
excellence" by the Canadian Public Rela 
tions Society. They are : Canadian Mother 
and Child; Drugs Handle With Care; 
Food, Drug, Cosmetic Protection for Can 
adians; and Venereal Disease What You 
Should Know. 

The publications were selected under the 
Society s annual "PR in Print" program, 
and were announced at the Society s Annual 
Conference held in Quebec City. 

Copies of all four booklets are available 
from provincial departments of health. 

Cost of Hospital Services 
Triples in Past 8 Years 

Montreal. Cost of hospital services 
paid by hospital insurance has tripled in 
eight years, Allan MacEachen, Minister of 
National Health and Welfare, told delegates 
in his address at the opening of the annual 
meeting of the Canadian Hospital Associa 
tion in early May. Services that cost $21.23 
in 1958, cost $54.02 in 1966, and will very 
likely reach $62.98 in 1967. 

The minister states that this increase is 
brought about by several factors, partic 
ularly increase of salaries, changes in the 
quantity and/or quality of service, scope of 
programs, and varying levels of efficiency. 
He remarked that it has become necessary 
to utilize every means possible to lower 
costs. He added that noticeable long-term im 
provement in the hospital efficiency ie- 
quires applied research at all levels. 

Conference on 
Adolescent Psychiatry 

Montreal. The first conference on 
adolescent psychiatry was held at Douglas 
Hospital on Tuesday, June 20. More than 
200 psychiatrists, psychologists, and welfare 
officials from centers throughout the United 
States and Canada attended. 

Dr. R. L. Jenkins, professor of child psy 
chiatry, University of Iowa, gave the open 
ing address. 

He spoke on "Major Reaction Types in 
Adolescents." 

Other speakers dealt with various aspects 
of adolescent problems in psychiatry. 

JULY 1967 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
vertigo, anesthesia and 






\ 



s 




/ 



\ 









there are so many reasons to remember 

Gravol 

Gravol (dirnenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mo., for immediate 
release, 50 mo., In sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mo.; Gravol Paediatric Sup 
positories, 50 ma.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mo,, per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mo. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol l/m (5 cc.) BO mo. per cc. Full information available on request. 



FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED MONTREAL, CANADA 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



names 





Marjorie G. Russell, well known to Canadian nurses as matron-in-chief of 
the nursing services, RCN, during World War II, as a former director of 
Nursing at the Phillips School of Nursing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Montreal, and as nursing consultant with the federal government s De 
partment of Veterans Affairs, was awarded an Honorary Membership in 
RNAO at the Association s anual meeting in April. Here, Miss Elsbeth 
Geiger, past president of the Association, congratulates Miss Russell In 
conferring the Honorary Membership, executive director Laura W. Barr 
spoke of Miss Russell s considerable contribution to both the national and 
provincial nursing associations. In summarizing she said, "We are all 
grateful to Marjorie Russell. We have been intensely proud of her for 
many years past. We have admired her for doing so much, so well, in 
so many fields." 



Margaret Brown Harty, Ed.D.. has been 
appointed director, Division of Nursing, 
Education, National League for Nursing, 
New York. She assumes her new position 
in August. 

A graduate of St. Luke s Hospital School 
of Nursing in New Bedford, Mass., Dr. 
Harty received her bachelor s degree in nurs 
ing from San Francisco State College, her 
mater s in education from the University of 
San Francisco, and her doctorate from the 
University of California at Berkeley. 

Dr. Harty currently is chairman, Division 
of Nursing and Health Services, Chabot 
College, Hayward, California. She is also 
the elected president of the California 
League for Nursing and chairman of the 
Western Regional Council of State Leagues 
for Nursing. In her new position with the 
League, she will direct the agency s overall 
program to improve nursing education 
through national accreditation, consultation, 
research, publications, and other services. 

24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



An award for Distinguished Achieve 
ment in Nursing Education was presented 
posthumously to (Catherine E. MacLaggan, 
May 10 in New York City. The award was 
one of six presented for distinguished 
achievement in nursing by the Nursing 
Education Alumni Association of the Divi 
sion of Nursing Education of Teachers 
College, Columbia University. The awards 
were made during the biennial convention 
of the National League for Nursing. 

President of the Association, Lucy D. 
Germain, described the late president of the 
Canadian Nurses Association as a "capable, 
humanistic practitioner of nursing, superb 
teacher, able administrator, understanding 
counselor, and gentlewoman of great integ 
rity, courage, and strength of purpose. Her 
brilliant dissertation, Portrait of Nursing : 
A Plan for the Education of Nurses in the 
Province of New Brunswick, has already 
provided a goal for educators in her native 
Canada," said the president. 



On June 1, 1967, 
Alice C. Mills as 
sumed her duties as 
executive secretary- 
treasurer of the Sas 
katchewan Registered 
Nurses Association. 
Her appointment was 
incorrectly reported in 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 
in the June, 1967, issue. 

Miss Mills, a graduate of the school of 
nursing of Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, 
also attended the Margaret Hague Maternity 
Hospital where she studied obstetrical nurs 
ing for one year. Following this she ob 
tained her bachelor of nursing degree from 
McGill. In 1958 she went to England where 
she became certified as a state midwife. 

Prior to her appointment with the SRNA, 
Miss Mills was regional nursing supervisor 
with the Saskatchewan Department of Pub 
lic Health in Prince Albert. 



Sister Marguerite Letourneau, director of 
nursing education at Holy Cross Hospital 
School of Nursing, Calgary, Alberta is pres 
ently on a four-month leave of absence to 
prepare a brief to be submitted to the 
University of Calgary. The preparation of 
a brief to demonstrate the need for a degree 
program on the Calgary campus, was ap 
proved by the Alberta Association of Re 
gistered Nurses Provincial Council. Sister 
Letourneau was approached to undertake 
the project because of her interest and abi 
lity both in nursing education and in con 
ducting studies. 

A graduate of St. Paul s Hospital School 
of Nursing, Saskatoon, Sister also holds her 
bachelor of science in nursing degree from 
the Institute Marguerite d Youville, Mon 
treal, and her master of science in nursing 
degree from the Catholic University of 
America, Washington, D.C. 

Her experience included duty as medical 
and night supervisor at Holy Cross Hospital 
before she undertook the position of dir 
ector of nursing education in 1963. 

Her active membership in several provin 
cial organizations made her well-qualified 
for her present assignment with the AARN. 
In 1965-66 Sister Letourneau was chairman 
of the AARN Nursing Education Commit 
tee, and she is presently a member of the 
Nursing Recruitment Advisory Committee, 
Board of Examiners Committee, and active 
in a number of subcommittees. 

Acting director in Sister Letourneau s 
absence is Sister Alice Romanchuk. 

JULY 1967 




Alice M. Girard, president of the International Council of Nurses, was awarded 
the Florence Nightingale Medal for 1967 this past May She is seen here with 
Mr. Samuel A. Gonard, President of the International Committee of the Red 
Cross. 



Alice M. Girard, president of the Inter 
national Council of Nurses, was presented 
with the Florence Nightingale Medal at 
the annual meeting of Central Council of 
the Canadian Red Cross Society in Mon 
treal. Miss Girard, from Montreal, is Dean 
of the Faculty of Nursing, University of 
Montreal. She is the tenth Canadian nurse 
to receive this medal, the only international 
award for nursing, since it was established 
in 1912. The presentation was made by Mr. 
Samuel A. Gonard, president of the Inter 
national Committee of the Red Cross. 

Miss Girard was born in Waterbury, 
Connecticut, of a family of French-Cana 
dian origin. A graduate of the school of 
nursing at St. Vincent de Paul Hospital in 
Sherbrooke, Quebec, she has in turn re 
ceived : a public health certificate from the 
University of Toronto; a bachelor of 
science degree from Catholic University of 
Washington, D.C., a master s degree in 
nursing education from Columbia Univer 
sity, New York; a Kellogg Foundation Fel 
lowship in hospital administration at Johns 



Hopkins University, Baltimore, and a social- 
science degree at the University of Mon 
treal, where she was also director of the 
School for Public Health Nurses. 

She helped to establish the University of 
Montreal s faculty of nursing in 1962 and 
is presently the first woman ever to hold 
the position of dean at that university. 

Her experience since her graduation from 
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital has been var 
ied and extensive. She was director of 
nursing and assistant administrator at H6- 
pital Saint-Luc in Montreal; president of 
the Canadian Nurses Association in 1958; 
president of the Nursing Education Com 
mittee, International Council of Catholic 
Nurses; and, in 1961, was appointed the 
only woman member on the Royal Com 
mission of Health Services in Canada. 

Miss Girard is a member of several in 
ternational organizations, including the 
Committee for Acute Patient Care with 
International Hospital Federation and the 
World Health Organization Expert Advisory 
Panel on Nursing. 



Howard Walter 
Dale, a native of 
Bowmanville, Onta 
rio, has been appoint 
ed employment re 
lations consultant for 
the Manitoba Associ 
ation of Registered 
Nurses. Prior to this 
appointment, Mr. Dale 
was claims inspector of the Workmans 
Compensation Board. He also has held 
positions as manager and sales representa 
tive with various companies in the provinces 
of Ontario and Manitoba. 




Aline M. Dionne 

has been appointed 
educational consultant 
for Canada for the 
Canadian Tampax 
Corporation. Miss 
Dionne, a native of 
Amqui, Quebec, re 
ceived her nursing 
education at Hopital 
Notre Dame, in Montreal. Following grad 
uation she received her diploma in public 
health from the school of nursing at the 
University of Montreal. 

For the past eight years, Miss Dionne 




has worked as a public health nurse for 
the City of Montreal. She served for a 
number of years as president of the Public 
Health Nursing Alumnae for the University 
of Montreal. She will be spending a great 
deal of her time traveling, as she will 
attend nursing conventions and visit nurs 
ing associations and schools all across Can 
ada. She speaks four languages fluently, and 
has lectured on menstrual health in three 
languages English, French, and Spanish. 
"I also speak Italian, but so far, have not 
had occasion to use it for lectures in this 
country," she says. 

At present, Cassy Marker must travel by 
car to complete the rounds of her hospital. 
As group matron of the Darlington Group 
District General Hospital, Miss Harker is 
in charge of five separate hospitals, some 
as far as 1 5 miles apart. These five hospitals, 
and a sixth for maternity, combine to form 
one complete unit. Plans are now under 
way to change all this, however. A new 
hospital that will contain all services is now 
under construction and Miss Harker has 
been touring hospitals in the United States 
and Canada to get "a fresh and broad out 
look on nursing administration and a gen 
eral opinion of nursing in North America." 

In March, 1967, she started in New York 
and visited hospitals in Baltimore, Wash 
ington, Detroit, Rochester, and St. Paul. 
In May she was off to Banff (and the 
snow) for a rest. During her Canadian 
tour, she visited hospitals in Winnipeg, 
Hamilton, and Toronto. She found that the 
Scarborough Centenary Hospital, now under 
construction, is experiencing many of the 
same problems that she is facing at home. 

While visiting CNA House, May 30th, 
she explained that in Britain a reorgani 
zation of senior nursing staff structure is 
being planned and will be along the lines 
that are now followed here in Canada. "It 
is interesting to see some of our plans 
already put into practice," said Miss Harker. 
"I thought it would be Utopia when edu 
cation and service were divorced. Now I see 
problems and difficulties I hadn t seen 
before." She specified "communications." 

Miss Harker has been especially impres 
sed by the orientation and inservice edu 
cation given by many Canadian hospitals. 
However, she said that hospitals are almost 
forced to provide such programs since the 
nurse has so little practice when she comes 
to hospital for the first time. "We use 
our nurses more during their training but 
are working toward a system similar to 
yours," she said. 

Miss Harker is doing her study through 
a Commonwealth Scholarship and will pre 
sent any findings to the General Nursing 
Council in England before any of her ideas 
can be implemented. "Most people in Eng 
land agree that changes in the education 
system are necessary, but of course there 
are financial implications." 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Anprolene Sterilizer 

(BARD) 

Description This new sterilizer em 
ploys an exclusive method of sterilizing that 
works without heat, moisture, vacuum, pres 
sure, or cold solutions. It eliminates the 
problems associated with conventional ster 
ilizing techniques such as product degrada 
tion, destruction, or alteration. It is a fully 
tested and approved system. The systems 
utilize the highly effective Anprolene gas. 

The Bard Anprolene Sterilizer is com 
pletely portable, requires no power source 
or gas tanks, and can be easily moved from 
room to room. (Patent Pending U.S.A. and 
Foreign Countries). For further informa 
tion, write Dept. 41, C. R. Bard, Inc., 
Murray Hill, N.J. 



(Bi), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine HC1 (B6), 
vitamin B 12 , niacinamide, calcium d-panto- 
thenate. 

For information on either of these pro 
ducts write to Arlington-Funk Laboratories, 
P.O. Box 2220, St. Laurent, Montreal 9, 
P.Q. 




Prevam 

(ARLINGTON-FUNK LABORATORIES) 
Description A bioflavonoid-vitamin- 
mineral supplement for prenatal use. Each 
prevam formula tablet provides: vitamins 
in abundant amounts to meet the increased 
needs of pregnancy and lactation; minerals, 
including a superior form of iron, phosphor 
us-free calcium, and trace minerals so im 
portant in vital processes; and bioflavonoids 
to help to prevent or reduce bleeding ten 
dency due to increased capillary permeabil 
ity and fragility. 

Dosage One tablet a day as prenatal 
supplement. 

Vi-Syneral 

(ARLINGTON-FUNK LABORATORIES) 
Description Vi-Syneral Chewable Vit 
amin Tablets are fruit-flavored, multi-vit 
amin tablets for pediatric and general use. 
They are easily chewed or dissolved in the 
mouth, do not disturb appetite, and cause 
no harmful effects on teeth. 

Dosage One chewable tablet daily 
between meals or as directed by a physician. 
Each tablet contains vitamin A, vitamin D, 
ascorbic acid (C), thiamine mononitrate 

26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




San-Splint 

(SMITH AND NEPHEW) 

Description A non-shrinking, thermo 
plastic splinting material based on a ver 
satile synthetic rubber compound. It pro 
duces relatively thin, yet rigid, splints or 
casts following immersion in hot water or 
by exposure to hot air or dry heat. 

Indications Ideal for orthopedic, or- 
thotic, and prosthetic use. San-Splint is 
translucent to x-rays. 

Method of Application - - Either hot 
water or hot air oven at temperatures in 
excess of 150F. will soften San-Splint for 
application. In both cases, the higher the 
temperature the quicker the material will 
soften and the more malleable it will be 
come. After the softening process, the ma 
terial may be too hot for immediate ap 
plication to the skin and must be allowed 
to cool. After cooling, it is ready for direct 
forming onto the patient, who needs no 
protective covering. After trimming with 
scissors, the splint or cast should be held 
in position until the material has set. 
Average hardening time for San-Splint at 
room temperature is about 10 minutes. 

For complete information or description 
(with pictures), uses, and method of ap 
plication write to: The Medical Division, 
Smith and Nephew Ltd., 2100-52nd Ave., 
Lachine, P.Q. 

Palm-N-Turn 

(REFLEX) 

Description A container for medicine 
that can easily be opened by an adult, but 
seldom by a child five years or under 
the ages most frequently victims of ac 



cidental poisoning. The new "palm-n-turn" 
prescription vial is available in various 
sizes. To open: Press cap into palm to 
compress spring and turn vial counter 
clockwise to a full stop. The cap is now 
released and can be picked off. To close: 
Replace cap and rotate until it is locked 
into position on the vial. The cap must 
snap or click into locked position to be 
effective. 

Through extensive testing with pre-school 
children the palm-n-turn cap has proved to 
be a successful deterrent. This is because 
few children of this age can perform the 
two motions, palming and turning, necessary 
to open the new safety closure. It has the 
seal of approval of the Ontario Association 
for the Control of Accidental Poisoning. 

All-Fabric Heel Protector 

(POSEY) 

Description A new type heel protector 
for hospital patients, especially styled for 
the short-term patient where all-fabric 
instead of slick plastic construction is con 
sidered adequate. Like all other Posey Heel 
Protectors, this new item is constructed to 
protect the heel of the foot during short or 
long-term care. Designed for comfort, it 
prevents irritation caused by rubbing, yet 
does not restrict patient movement in bed. 
It is easily laundered and autoclaved. 

Inquiries or orders regarding this item 
should be directed to your local equipment 
dealer, or the J. T. Posey Company, 64 
Gerrard St. E., Toronto 2, Ont. 

Literature Available 

Canadian Tampax Corporation has pre 
pared a new 28-page informational booklet 
on menstrual hygiene that would be most 
useful for nurses. The booklet, From Fic 
tion to Fact, was prepared especially to 
help teachers in response to their requests 
for a workable teaching guide. 

A comprehensive review of anatomy is 
presented in a manner that would be useful 
for presentation to groups of adolescents, 
and an excellent, clear and simple overview 
of the physiology of the menstrual cycle is 
provided, as well as answers to many of 
the questions girls ask about menstrual 
health. 

The booklet is included in a kit of educa 
tional material on menstruation, which 
would be a valuable aid for nursing in 
structors, or may be ordered on its own. 
Write to Canadian Tampax Corporation 
Ltd., P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

JULY 1967 



some nurses call it the PAPER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 




MICROPORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 



Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its 
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress 
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy, 
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, 
doesn t tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE 
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because 
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape 
burn to be treated. 

Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi- 
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total 
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nor 
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE 
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear. 



Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, 
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated 
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension 
at the prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." 
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling 
hairs. 

No other tape has been reported in the literature so exten 
sively or SO favorably. O) Depaulis, J.: La Presse Me dicale 72:841, 
1964. (2) Golden, T: Am. J. Surg. 700:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et al.: J. 
Invest. Dermal. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surg. 
76:379, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette Md. de France 77:1430, 1964. (6) 
Murray, P. J. B.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963. 

3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area. 



medical Products 



3m 

COMPANY 



JULY 1967 



P.O. 2757 LONDON. CANADA 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



FOR PATIENT 
PROTECTION 




POSEY TIDY GOWN 

A long-sleeved gown made of heavy canton 
flannel. Loops at ends of sleeves permit at 
tachment to side rail of bed spring. Prevents 
patient from scratching, or removing diaper, 
catheter, etc., yet allows comfort and free 
dom of movement. During eating, sleeves 
may be rolled up to allow for use of hands. 
A sling attachea to front section of garment 
may be used to support patient s arms when 
they are folded across the front, with straps 
attached to loops in each sleeve to prevent 
use of arms. Short-length, waist design for 
use on incontinent patients. Available in 
closed or open-back models. Small, medium, 
large or extra-large sizes. 

NO. P-755, $19.50. 




POSEY WHEELCHAIR 
VEST RESTRAINT 

A simple and comfortable device to hold 
patient in a wheelchair. Friction type buckle 
at rear of chair is out of patient s reach. 
Small, medium and large sizes. 

WHEELCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT, 

CANTON FLANNEL, 

NO. WV-111F, $7.20 

WHEELCHAIR VEST RESTRAINT, 

ATTRACTIVE PASTEL NYLON, 

NO. WV-111N, J7.50 



Send Your Order Today 
Write For Free Posey Catalog 

POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 

B. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 

64 Gerrard Street E. 
Toronto 2, Canada 



dates 



August 14-18, 1967 

The American Dietetic Association s 
Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting, 
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago. 

August 20 - September 14, 1967 

17th International Course in 
Criminology. Sponsored by 
International Society of Criminology, 
Montreal. Information: Prof. Denis 
Szabo, Director, Dept. of Criminology, 
Univ. of Mont., P.O. Box 6128, 
Montreal 

August 18-20, 1967 

Reunion of graduate nurses of 
St. Vincent de Paul Hospital, 
Brockville Ontario. Contact: Mrs. 
Mary O Neil Shields, 14 Hollywood 
Place, Brockville, or Mrs. Kay LeFave, 
54 Wright Cres., Brockville. 

August 20-25, 1967 

The 7th Ontario Conference on 
Inter-group Relations, to be held at 
the U.A.W. Education Centre, Port 
Elgin, Ontario. For registration forms, 
programs, information, write: Mrs. 
Jadwiga Bennich, Ontario Welfare 
Council, 22 Davisville Ave., Toronto 7. 

August 20-22, 1967 

American College of Hospital 
Administrators, annual meeting, 
Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago. 

August 21-24, 1967 

American Hospital Association, 69th 
annual meeting, Chicago s 
International Amphitheatre, Chicago. 

August 24-29, 1967 

International Hospital Conference, 
Palmer House, Chicago. 

August 25-31, 1967 

Fifth International Congress of 
Physical Medicine. To be held at the 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 

August 27 - September 2, 1967 

First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at Laval 
University, Quebec City. For 
information, registration forms, write: 
Mr. Pierre Brien, P.O. Box 71 7, 
Quebec 4, P.Q. 

September, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Prince Edward Island, Annual 
Meeting. 



28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



September 4-6, 1967 

Canadian Association of Medical 
Record Librarians, 25th Annual 
Meeting, Holiday Inn, Montreal. 

September 7-8, 1%7 

New Brunswick Hospital Association, 
annual meeting, Algonquin Hotel, 
St. Andrew s, N.B. 

September 11-12, 1967 

Catholic Hospital Conference of 
Alberta, Annual Convention, 
Edmonton. 

September 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write-. Mrs. Allison Mac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, 
Pictou Co., Nova Scotia. 

Late September, 1967 

The Saskatoon City Hospital 
graduates in Eastern Ontario are 
planning a reunion in St. Catharines, 
Ontario. Would graduates of the 
school in Eastern Canada please send 
names, year of graduation, and 
addresses to: Miss Ruth Schinbein, 
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital, 
Grimsby, Ontario. 

October 8-11, 1967 

Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 361 8 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 

May, 1968 

Ontario Hospital Kingston Nurses 
Alumnae 1 968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please contact Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 

July, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association General 

Meeting, to be held in Saskatoon, 

Saskatchewan. 

JULY 1967 



in a capsule 



What about the men? 

Estrogen replacement therapy has com 
pletely changed the old concept of the 
menopausal woman. But a nagging and 
rather pertinent question crops up at the 
mere thought of all these sexually attractive, 
physically active, and emotionally satisfied 
elderly women: "What about the men?" 

Can these revitalized women possibly be 
content with their spiritless, worn-out, im 
potent, and depressed counterparts? 

Testosterone may change all this. A report 
in the Globe and Mail says that a British 
doctor has developed a method of male 
hormone replacement, for elderly men. A 
200-day supply in 20 tiny cystalline cylin 
ders is embedded deep in one buttock. The 
aging man s body, says a report in Medical 
World News, draws on the 4,000-milligram 
reservoir at the rate of 20 milligrams a day, 
maintaining the level needed for potency, 
vigor, good spirits, and proper genitourinary 
function. 

London geriatrician Dr. Tiberius Reiter 
developed the implant procedure and used 
it on more than 600 men. Ninety-nine per 
cent of them have been helped enormously, 
according to Dr. Reiter. Some patients are 
in their forties, most are over 55 and the 
oldest, who is 80, has had 38 implants and 
is "fit as a fiddle." 

Dr. Reiter began implanting the hor 
mones 20 years ago but early implants were 
unsuccessful because he used too small a 
dose 400 to 600 milligrams every six 
to eight months. He said he believes the 
medical profession is shying away from the 
technique because some doctors have used 
insufficient dosages and achieved poor re 
sults in the past or because the type of 
fused implants he uses are not readily ob 
tainable in the United States. 

Smoking dogs get cancer 

Ten cigaret-smoking beagles are "path 
ological evidence" that cigaret smoking 
causes cancer, according to Dr. Oscar Auer- 
bach, senior medical investigator at the 
Veterans Administration hospital in East 
Orange, New Jersey. This report was an 
nounced in The Montreal Gazette. 

Dr. Auerbach recently completed a 14- 
month study in which he used 10 beagles 
as a control group for a second group of 
10 beagles which he taught to smoke up to 
12 cigarets a day. He performed a tracheo 
tomy and attached to each dog s trachea a 
tube connected to a smoking machine out 
side its pen. After the first day, the dogs 
smoked on their own, Dr. Auerbach said. 

Autopsies showed the non-smokers had 
no physical disabilities. The smoking dogs 

JULY 1967 



began to die of various ailments after the 
first two weeks until five of the 10 smokers 
had died after 412 days, he reported. Au 
topsies also showed the dogs who died 
first had slight changes in the tissue around 
the lungs and those who died or were killed 
during the last days of the research had 
advanced cancer cell lining the entire tract, 
he said. 

Dr. Auerbach compared the stages of 
advancing cancer with tissue taken from 
humans who had been light, moderate or 
heavy smokers and found that the profiles 
were parallel. 

Lettuce have a smoke 

For those who believe all those statistics 
but just can t stop smoking, the new lettuce 
leaf cigarets, recently made available in On 
tario by a Toronto-based wholesale firm, 
might be just the thing. 

The 100 percent nicotine-free cigarets 
are made in Texas from a variety of com 
mon lettuce plant, called lactuca saliva. 
They cost 49 cents for a 20-cigaret pack. 



If they taste as bad as they sound, they 
might be just the thing for kicking the 
habit. 

The angry sex 

A flat tire, a missed train, or a dull 
razor are enough to bring a man s temper 
to boiling point, and on an average of six 
times a week at that. The average woman, 
on the other hand, is not easily excited by 
inanimate objects but can be expected to 
blow her top at least three times a week 
over such things as real or fancied slights, 
and assorted personal grievances. 

These statistics recently released in a news 
item issued by the American Nurses As 
sociation s Communications Division were 
based on anger studies conducted at Colum 
bia University and Oregon State College. 

The Journal of the American Medical 
Association was quick to notice however, 
that "although it may be concluded from 
the study that women get angry only half 
as often as men, it is not known whether 
they get twice as angry when they do." 




"Must you read at the table?" 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too, A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 



Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 







skin refreshant and body massage 





LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64- Colgate Avenue Toronto 8, Ontario 



30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



OPINION 



"Who is more aware of what needs 
revision in the diploma schools than 
the students enrolled in them?" asks 
this student at the Hospital for Sick 
Children in Toronto, who gives a stud- 
ent s-eye-view of the situation. 

Statistics show that in 1944, 25 per 
cent, and in 1951, 20 p:rcent of all 
grade 12 graduates entered schools of 
nursing, whereas it is estimated that 
only 10 percent do now. A step in 
side any student nurses residence 
should convince anyone that changes 
in the present diploma school pro 
grams are essential. 

"I m so bored, I m going right out 
of my mind," seems to be the theme 
song of the student nurse. There are 
many other versions of this same 
comment but in essence the problem 
seems to be one of boredom. Since 
entrance requirements of many hospi 
tal schools of nursing are equivalent 
to those of universities, nursing stud 
ents would seem to have basically the 
same intellectual potential as univer 
sity students. It follows that a certain 
degree of mental stimulation is re 
quired to satisfy the student nurse. Do 
schools of nursing provide this? The 
answer, to a great extent, is no. Over 
simplified courses in sociology and 
psychology, often taught by unqualified 
personnel, are proof. 

Lack of depth in the program oc 
curs as a result of an insufficient num 
ber of in-depth student assignments. 
Several students will undoubtedly as 
sert that enough assignments are re 
quired of them already. This is true in 
the present set-up of the diploma pro 
gram where a student nurse works an 
eight or eight and one half-hour day. 
She has no afternoons off duty and no 
"sleep-in" mornings (unless she is 
working shift). Thus, how many as 
signments can a school give the stud 
ent and still allow her some unstruc 
tured time? 

One solution is to cut down on the 
often repetitious ward word, a change 
that could be made without affecting 
the ability of the graduate. The new 
3 5 -hour week adopted by several 
schools of nursing in Toronto and the 
more compact two-year programs of 
the future will likely eradicate much 
of the boredom caused by repetition, 
and provide the time for more in- 
depth assignments. However, until 

JULY 1967 



such programs come into operation 
what can be done? Schools could be 
more receptive to complaints and 
make constructive attempts for reform. 
Who can suggest more about what 
needs revision in the diploma schools 
than the students themselves the 
active participants in the programs? 

Freedom of expression 

Another area of considerable con 
cern for students lies in the realm of 
freedom of expression. The student is 
responsible to graduates, instructors, 
assistant head nurses, head nurses and 
doctors. However, regardless of her 
small role in the medical world, she 
may have some very worthwhile con 
tributions to make. An opportunity to 
express these opinions and to have 
them objectively interpreted is neces 
sary for every student. If staff put this 
into practice, the residences would not 
be the ghettos of frustration that they 
now are. All too often a student is 
heard complaining emotionally to her 
peers about things that should have 
been relayed to someone else in the 
hospital environment. During the psy 
chiatric affiliation, many individuals 
learn to recognize and express their 
feelings; in this setting they generally 
enjoy freedom of expression. Why 
teach people and then expect them to 
forget at the end of this affiliation? 

Instructor or inspector? 

The key to a good student-instruc 
tor relationship lies in the word empa 
thy. If the instructor is to fulfill a 
vital role for student nurses, she must 
do more than present material, she 
must help her students to implement 
it. To do this she must know and 
understand each student as a person. 

All too often, the student views the 
instructor as an inspector. The impli 
cations are obvious. First, the student 
often feels under pressure -- pressure 
to show her instructor that she consis 
tently has done everything in exactly 
the manner she was taught. When 
quizzed, she feels that she must know 
all of the answers. Students suppress 
their questions through fear that they 
might indicate lack of knowledge or 
because these questions are occasion 
ally answered with terse replies such 
as, "Look it up you ll remember it 
better that way." If such an atmos 
phere prevails, the desire to learn will 



be easily stifled. With a good basic 
understanding, both student and in 
structor can move ahead in an un 
clouded, permissive, learning environ 
ment. Once this atmosphere has been 
created, the instructor will become 
sensitive to the needs of the student 
(as well as to those of the student s 
patients). 

In this way many of the problems 
that occur might be solved as they 
arise, rather than be battered about in 
the embroiled atmosphere of residence 
complaint sessions. Moreover, better 
solutions might result. 

Hopefully, all students receive mid 
term evaluations during each ward 
experience; it is the responsibility of 
both instructor and student to see that 
a sincere effort is made to effect ne 
cessary improvements. At the conclu 
sion of a ward experience, the student 
will be able to evaluate her perform 
ance in terms of improvement rather 
than in terms of success or failure. 

Foresight needed 

Most students enter nursing to be 
come graduate nurses. However, they 
soon realize that there are many types 
of nurses. It is of great importance to 
give consideration to the area of the 
profession for which the individual 
would be best suited. Career guidance 
and counseling should direct the stud 
ent to the course most suitable for 
her. For example, one who has al 
ways been interested in teaching, yet 
who has decided to become a nurse, 
would be best advised to attend a uni 
versity course, provided she has suffi 
cient money. In this way, she will at 
tain the necessary qualifications in the 
shortest period of time rather than at 
tend a diploma school and then be 
forced to take two or three additional 
years at university to become a nurs 
ing instructor. At present many girls 
find at the conclusion of the diploma 
course that they "have had enough," 
and the result is wasted potential. 
Sound guidance by well-qualified 
counselors would be most beneficial 
for the future welfare and happiness 
of the student. 

Regardless of improvements made 
in programs to date, still further 
changes are essential if nursing is to 
compete both numerically and intellec 
tually with other professions. 
WENDY MARGESSON, STUDENT NURSE. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Remotivation to motivation 



Remotivation is a group therapy commonly employed with the adult psychiatric 
patient to stimulate interest and group interaction. At The Children s Psychiatric 
Research Institute in London, Ontario, an experiment was made to apply a 
modified form of this therapy to a group of severely and profoundly retarded 
children. The results? Encouraging. 



Doris S. Thompson, R.N. 



Patients at The Children s Psychiat 
ric Research Institute in London, 
Ontario are a diversified group: teen 
age boys and girls, younger children 
of all ages, children with behavior 
problems, psychotics, juvenile delin 
quents and mentally retarded children 
in varying age groups and in all de 
grees of retardation. Many of the 
severely and profoundly retarded chil 
dren remain on the ward and receive 
most of their care from the aide and 
attendant staff. While remotivation has 
worked with other groups of retarded 
children, it was felt there was insuffi 
cient evidence to prove its usefulness 
for the most severe cases. A search 
was also being made for a group 
technique that could be used with all 
the patients. 

It was decided to undertake a study 
with the objective of developing a 
group therapy that could be applied, 
by aides and attendant staff, to sev 
erely and profoundly retarded children. 
The five patients used in the study 
were drawn from this group. 

A more immediate objective was to 
develop social skills and environmen 
tal awareness through sensory stimu 
lation in order to help prepare the 
child for future self-care training and 
education. The children were encourag 
ed to use their ability, regardless of 
how feeble the effort. They were also 
encouraged to develop new skills and 
thus build their egos and self-respect. 
It was hoped that the child s emotion 
al and social environment could be 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



enriched by modifying that part of 
his behavior which repelled, and en 
couraging that which attracted. Each 
time the child withdrew from the 
group and began head-banging, finger- 
sucking or any other form of self- 
stimulation, the act was interrupted 
and superseded by a socially accept 
able form of stimulation. 

Criteria for selection 

To select patients for inclusion in 
the study group, basic criteria were 
established. The children selected 
were: 

1. profoundly or severely retarded 
and not attending school; 

2. showing no visual signs of pro 
gress; 

3. hypoactive, disinterested in their 
environment and tending to re 
gress without stimulation. 

The group was to be heterogeneous 
rather than homogeneous. Five chil 
dren were selected to reflect the Ins 
titute s staff-to-patient ratio of 1 to 5, 
as applied on the wards. Four of the 
children were to be hypoactive and 
limited in their ability to communi 
cate. The fifth child was to be hypo- 
Mrs. Thompson is Nursing Instructor at 
The Children s Psychiatric Research Insti 
tute, London, Ontario. The article is adapt 
ed from a paper presented to the Ameri 
can Assocation of Mental Deficiency, Re 
gional Meeting, London, Ontario, in Oc 
tober, 1966. 



active, but with good social and verbal 
abilities. This child was introduced 
to stimulate the others into respond 
ing. Sandra was the patient selected 
for this role a hypoctive child as a 
result of her physical handicap. 

Atmosphere 

The ward environment was to re 
main as constant as possible. The chil 
dren were to continue with all current 
activities and no new activities or 
programs were to be introduced. Sixty 
(60) one-hour sessions were to be 
held three times a week. The atmos 
phere during the sessions was warm, 
friendly and receptive. 

Each child was treated as if he 
would respond. The same routine was 
followed in every session. Each simple 
task was repeated in the same manner 
and verbal instructions were simple, 
taking the form of short sentences or 
single words. The same sentences and 
words were used repeatedly. Few re 
strictions or Limitations were put on the 
group but the children were required 
to remain together as a group in order 
to encourage them to interact. All 
other forms of behavior were accept 
able and to encourage interaction 
and problem-solving, the children were 
allowed to push, argue and fight over 
toys. 

The sessions were designed to draw 
the child out and to help him devel 
op socially. Teaching was secondary. 
Because of the short attention span 
of severely retarded children, the ses- 

JULY 1967 




As the children progressed they were 
encouraged to assist one another- 
Mark is seen tying Gregory s apron 
as they prepare for waterplay. 



sions consisted of both active and pas 
sive activities. The children were en 
couraged to develop by progressive 
steps, ranging from no response to 
active participation. The following 
steps were recognized: 

1. cooperates when assisted; 

2. follows demonstrations; 

3. follows verbal instructions; 

4. initiates own activity and assists 
other children in the activity. 

Technique employed 

A five-phase technique was employ 
ed throughout the study as follows. 

The climate of acceptance phase 

This phase took place on the ward 
where the remotivator met the chil 
dren. Each child was called by name 
and a rope was held out to the child. 
The rope was used to encourage the 
group to stay together. If there was 
no response from the child the third 
time he was called, he was then touch 
ed gently on the shoulder and his 
name was spoken simultaneously. If 
there was still no response, the child 
was taken by the hand and physically 
assisted to join the group. 

A bridge to reality phase 

The children left the ward in a 
group since they were to learn to 
function and interact as a group. To 
get from the ward to the play area, it 
was necessary to travel on two eleva 
tors and through a long underground 
tunnel. The remotivator decided to 

JULY 1967 



make this journey beneficial to the 
children. Objects and people in their 
environment were drawn to their at 
tention. They pushed the elevator but 
ton, made sounds like the elevator; 
rattled the door handles; and splashed 
in the water that ran into the tunnel 
on rainy days. They repeated nursery 
rhymes, sang very simple songs and 
listened to the clear, resounding echo. 
The songs frequently used the names 
of the children and situations that 
were familiar to them. "This is the 
way we ride our bikes" became "This 
is the way David rides his bike." The 
children were encouraged to sing, 
hum, or make sounds according to 
their ability. 

Sharing the world we live in phase 
The children were to sit on chairs 
placed in a semicircle. Social inter 
action and awareness of the environ 
ment was encouraged. Each sense was 
to be stimulated during each session 
in the following manner: 

Sense of hearing was stimulated 
with stories, songs and questions. 
The children were encouraged to 
make sounds and to listen to each 
other s voices. Party noisemakers, 
drums and a ticking, buzzing alarm 
clock were also used. 
Sense of sight was stimulated by 
using concrete objects. Semi-con 
crete objects, such as pictures, 
brought little response, but large, 
brightly-colored toys, such as a big 
striped ball, a three-foot curly-haired 



doll, a mirror, and a pinwheel that 
turned with the aid of a fan, all 
elicited good response. 
Touch stimulation was promoted 
by the use of soft cuddly toys, 
sand, water, bubbles that broke, 
and finger paints. 

Sense of smell was stimulated by 
food, flowers and perfume. 
Taste sensation was stimulated by 
using a variety of sweet, sour and 
bitter foods. 

The children were encouraged to 
respond to the different stimuli. No 
matter how feeble the response, the re- 
motivator rewarded the child with a 
smile, a cuddle, and verbal encourage 
ment. 

An appreciation of the work of the 
world phase 

Because children play and adults 
work, this step became a play and 
self-help training period. As water 
is an excellent stimulant and children 
respond to water at an early age, 
water play was used. The children 
were to prepare themselves for water 
play, which consisted of picking up 
and putting on plastic aprons, tying 
the strings or asking for assistance 
with the actual tying, getting off the 
chair and walking into the tub room. 
The more advanced children were en 
couraged to assist the others. The re- 
motivator assisted when necessary and 
then she started the child in an activ 
ity and encouraged him to proceed 
on his own. If a child made no at- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



tempt to get down from his chair, he 
was assisted to the front of the chair 
and then encouraged to stand using 
his own initiative. The toys in the tub 
were chosen to allow the child to de 
velop from unorganized activity up the 
steps in play to organized imaginative 
group play. Balloons, balls, plastic 
bottles, pails, funnels, plastic dishes, 
rubber dolls, face cloths and towels 
were used. 

At the end of water play, the chil 
dren cleaned up. They removed their 
aprons, dried their hands, replaced 
the toys in the tub and wiped up 
the water they had splashed on the 
floor. 

The climate of appreciation phase 

The rope was given to each child 
and they were expected to hold on to 
it until they returned to the ward. 
The activities on the way back to the 
ward were the same as those described 
in phase two. When the remotivator 
left the children on the ward, she said 
goodbye to each one, calling each 
by name. They were encouraged to 
respond with a vocal or physical res 
ponse. The rope was used for each 
child only until he learned to stay 
with the group. Then he was no longer 
required to hold it. 

Case histories 

The progress of each child was 
followed in four stages: 

1. Behavior on the ward prior to 
therapy - - March 1966. 

2. Behavior during the first three re- 
motivation sessions. 

3. Behavior on the ward following 
20 weeks of therapy September 
1966. 

4. Behavior during the last three re- 
motivation sessions. 

While the response of each of the 
five children varied to some degree, the 
outline of the progress of the two 
children listed here is reasonably rep 
resentative of the observations. 

Gregory 

Gregory is a 13-year-old mongo- 
loid child whose bone maturation has 
been delayed by six years. He is 39 
inches tall. He has been hospitalized 
for two years. 

On admission, he was ten years, sev 
en months old. According to the hos 
pital psychologist, his mental age was 
15 months and his I.Q. was estimated 
at below 20, placing him in the pro 
found range of retardation. 

Behavior on the ward March 1966 
On the ward, Gregory was non-res 
ponsive and almost completely un 
aware of his environment. He assisted 
with his feeding, but sat most of the 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




time with spoon in hand and made no 
effort to move. The nurse prodded 
him continually to make him eat. Gre 
gory spent most of his time looking 
blankly into space or at the floor. He 
sat tailor-fashion on the floor, twirling 
a string, shoelace or strap, and moved 
only when physically assisted. His 
gross motor coordination was poor, 
causing him to walk unsteadily. When 
the nurse held his hand, he walked 
willingly, but when she released him 
he immediately sat. He ignored the 
other children and would not come 
when called. Gregory never cried and 
showed no other emotional response 
except to smile when tickled. When 
tested at 13 years of age, the psycho 
logist estimated his mental age at 13 
months; his I.Q. less than 20. 

Summary of the first three sessions 
Gregory made no response when he 
was called by name. He looked up 
when the instructor touched him on 
the shoulder, but it was necessary to 
pull him to his feet. He did not grasp 
the rope. He dropped the rope fre 
quently and sat motionless, showing 
no concern when left behind. Gregory 
continually hesitated when entering 
and leaving the elevators. When the 
group reached the classroom, Gregory 
would stand in front of a chair, arms 
outstretched, waiting to be lifted. 
When lifted on to the chair, Gregory 
would sit in tailor-fashion. He showed 
no response to sensory stimuli nor 
would he reach for or grasp toys. He 
sat staring into space or at the floor. 
Occasionally he watched the move 



ments of action songs. He would not 
move from his chair without assis 
tance. When he was assisted off the 
chair he would sit on the floor and 
twirl a shoe-lace or strap. He made no 
effort to get ready for water play. Dur 
ing water play he sat on the floor, 
twirling. When assisted in play he 
watched but made no effort to partici 
pate. He made no sounds, and did not 
attempt to communicate. 

Behavior on the ward September 
1966 

Gregory came immediately when cal 
led. He made sounds to communi 
cate and indicated when he wanted 
to drink. He was more aggressive and 
showed increased initiative. He snatch 
ed toys from other children and tried 
to push them off the tricycle, which he 
now could ride and steer. He asserted 
himself by being stubborn, refusing to 
relinquish his tricycle. He was more 
emotional, laughing spontaneously 
during play and crying when he fell, 
was corrected or deprived of a posses 
sion. He pounded a drum with enthu 
siasm. He fed himself in an awkward 
manner. Some progress was made in 
toilet training. 

Behavior in the last three remotivation 
sessions 

Gregory ran to the remotivator upon 
her arrival on the ward. He smiled, 
mounted his tricycle and proceeded 
to the elevator. He usually stayed 
with the group and occasionally 
fought to be leader. He attempted to 
push the other children out of the 

JULY 1967 




The children showed improvement in 
their motor skills. Martha, (left) is 
mounting her tricycle without 
assistance. Gregory has mounted his 
tricycle without assistance and is 
anxious to be on his way. 



way and squealed if they would not 
move. He listened to simple stories 
and responded with physical actions, 
smiles and waving of hands. He res 
ponded to sensory stimuli, especially 
soft cuddly toys. He held the big doll, 
moved her arms and legs, hugged and 
kissed her. He would now follow sim 
ple verbal commands regarding prep 
aration for water play. He was often 
the first one into the tub room. He 
commenced play immediately and 
played continuously, sometimes alone, 
occasionally with other children. His 
play was progressively more construc 
tive and showed some imagination. 
He bathed the doll. He squirted water 
at the other children and squealed in 
a delighted manner. After water play, 
he removed his apron and dried his 
hands. He occasionally made clumsy 
attempts to assist the other children 
to remove their aprons. Gregory res 
ponded when Martha called him. He 
would let her place her hands on his 
shoulders and let her walk with his 
assistance. 

Martha 

Martha was a nine-year-old child 
diagnosed as cerebral defect associat 
ed with primary cranial hydrocepha- 
lus, congenital and arrested. She had 
been in the institution for four years. 
On admission at the age of four years, 
her mental age was two years, three 
months and her I.Q. was 60. 

Behavior on the ward March 1966 

Martha was disobedient and often 

rude to the staff. She was demanding 

JULY 1967 



Gregory, who was passive, apathetic 
and showed no response to toys before 
the therapy, now plays actively in the 
water. Note the facial expression- Mark 
watches. 



of other children and of staff. She had 
a good memory for songs and rhymes 
but her comprehension of the material 
was poor. Both her fine and gross 
motor coordination were poor. Martha 
was unable to walk without assistance. 
She was able to get around in her 
walker by supporting herself on the 
seat and sliding along. She put no 
weight on her legs. She was toilet 
trained and able to feed herself. The 
hospital psychologist estimated her 
mental age at three years, one month 
and her I.Q. at 34. 

Behavior in the first three remotiva- 
tion sessions 

Martha came the first time she was 
called. She frequently wandered ahead 
of or loitered behind the group. She 
showed little interest in other children 
except to shout at and slap them when 
they got in her way. She was 
argumentative and stubborn and she 
refused to stay within the limitations 
set for her. Upon arriving at the play 
room, she sat when asked. She res 
ponded with meaningful, although 
sometimes inappropriate, speech. Mar 
tha sang with enthusiasm but insisted 
on songs of her choice. She played 
alone, ignoring the other children. Her 
play was non-constructive and un 
imaginative. 

Present behavior on ward 

Martha s conversation was more 
appropriate. She shared her toys and 
candies with the other children. She 
chose her own toys and sent the other 
children to bring them to her. If they 



brought the wrong toys she sent them 
back for the right ones. Martha played 
constructively with dolls, dressing and 
undressing them. She walked in her 
walker, supporting her weight on her 
legs. She was able to get in and out of 
the walker without assistance. 

Behavior in the last three remotivation 
sessions 

Martha came to the door when she 
saw the remotivator. She brought the 
other children with her. She spoke in 
a meaningful, excited manner. She 
hitched along the floor to her tricycle, 
mounted it without assistance, and 
rode it without difficulty. She remain 
ed with the group. She called the other 
children if they wandered ahead or 
loitered behind. Martha responded 
well to verbal instructions, although 
occasionally she was stubborn. (This 
was easily handled.) She cooperated 
the second time the request was made. 
She was usually polite to adults and 
said good morning to people she met 
in the hall. She did not have a temper 
tantrum or burst into tears when she 
could not have her own way. She was 
interested in the other children, re 
vealed by questions such as: "Is Pa 
trick going swimming?" "Why doesn t 
David talk?" Martha s play was con 
structive and more imaginative. She 
bathed and dressed the doll, washed 
the dishes and tried to get the other 
children to held her. Once she decided 
to bath Gregory and attempted to wash 
his face and hands. He laughed with 
glee. She assisted the other children 
in preparation for play and in clean 
ing up after play. 

Conclusion 

The ward staff reported an increase 
in both social and emotional responses 
in all five children. There was also an 
increase in the awareness to their en 
vironment. Learning took place in the 
remotivation sessions, but there was no 
observable transfer of learning. Three 
of the five children showed marked 
improvement in their motor skills. 

The influence of Martha, the more 
socially adept, verbal child, could not 
be measured. We believe that it may 
have been considerable. 

The Rosenzweig Behavior Profile 
was adapted to measure behavior 
changes. The children were rated be 
fore and after they were involved in 
the study. The measuring instrument 
was found to be inadequate in its 
revised state. While this study was not 
scientific, we feel that there was suf 
ficient evidence of improvement in 
isolated areas to warrant further inves 
tigation. D 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Hemophilia 



This commonly misunderstood, hereditary condition is explicitly defined, and the 
latest methods of treatment outlined. 



The word "hemophilia" has become 
part of our everyday vocabulary, main 
ly because it is used, improperly, to 
refer to any bleeding abnormality in 
children. Members of certain royal 
families were afflicted by this condi 
tion and, until about the nineteenth 
century, other abnormalities in blood 
clotting went unrecognized. Approx 
imately 150 years ago, hemophilia 
came to indicate difficulties of a more 
restricted nature. In this article the 
current meaning of the term is defined 
and the therapeutic measures presently 
available are reviewed. 

Hemostasis 

The mechanism of normal hemos- 
tasis must be understood before exam 
ining the significance of hemophilia. 
For practical purposes, this mechanism 
may be broken down into three phases: 
vascular tissue reaction; platelet reac 
tion; and blood coagulation. 
Vascular Tissue Reaction 

Reflex vasoconstriction, induced by 
an active principle released by the 
platelets, occurs at the start of he- 
mostasis. The degree of constriction is 
directly proportional to the size of the 
injured blood vessel and to the extent 
of vascular damage. The elastic peri- 
vascular tissue contributes to this by 
partially or completely obstructing the 
site of injury. 
Platelet Reaction 

This phase probably occurs simul 
taneously with reflex vasoconstriction. 
An aggregation of platelets forms a 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Claude Petitclerc, M.D. 

hemostatic plug for the wound. Cer 
tain active principles (enzymes) are 
released, which bind the platelets 
together, and contribute to the vaso 
constriction. 
Blood Coagulation 

In 1905, a German scientist, Mora- 
wit/, postulated the existence of an 
independent system of blood clotting 
composed of fibrinogen, calcium ions 
and prothrombin. The platelets and 
white cells were thought to contain 
an enzyme (thrombokinase) capable 
of converting prothrombin to throm- 
bin Table 1). Morawitz also sug 
gested the possible existence of a 
system of anticoagulants that counter 
balance the coagulating mechanism. 
Modern theories of blood coagulation 
are essentially modifications of these 
early views. 

Since then, it has been demonstrated 
that tissue extracts alone are not 
enough to convert prothrombin to 
thrombin. Certain other plasma fac 
tors V, X, and VII - - must be 
present to produce active tissue throm- 
boplastin. On the other hand, an in 
trinsic system of thromboplastin forma 
tion resulting from the action of 
plasma factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII, 
along with platelet factor III, also 
exists. There is a close relationship 
between these two systems. Prothrom 
bin (factor II) conversion occurs im- 

Dr. Petitclerc is on the staff of the hema- 
tology department of Hopital de Saint- 
Sacrement, Quebec City, Quebec. 



perfectly if a factor is lacking in 
either system. Once the conversion has 
taken place, the thrombin, in turn, 
acts to change fibrinogen to fibrin 
(Table 2). In hemophilia the blood 
coagulation phase of the hemostatic 
mechanism is faulty. 

Diagnosis 

Tests designed to determine whether 
or not the extrinsic and intrinsic 
systems of thromboplastin formation 
are intact aid substantially in the 
diagnosis of blood coagulation defects. 
Consequently, clotting times are ob 
tained on blood samples with and with 
out the addition of tissue factor. 

Hemophilia A and B 

The blood plasma of the normal 
individual contains 70 and 120 per 
cent respectively of factors VIII and 
IX of the intrinsic thromboplastin 
system. The patient with Hemophilia 
A has a deficiency of factor VIII, 
while Hemophilia B is characterized 
by a low level of factor IX. The 
severe hemophiliac patient may have 
less than one percent of either of 
these two factors. Signs and symp 
toms vary according to the degree 
of deficiency. 

Both types of hemophilia, in their 
classic forms, exhibit similar clinical 
signs : repeated episodes of spontan 
eous bleeding affecting almost any 
organ - - deep hematomata and he- 
marthroses are typical lesions and 
frequent epistaxis. 

JULY 1967 



Spontaneous hemarthroses frequen 
tly cause severe disability. In contrast, 
superficial abrasions have a tendency 
to heal quickly and normally. 

The frequency with which retroper- 
itoneal hemorrhage into the gastro 
intestinal tract occurs is significant 
in establishing a differential diag 
nosis. This bleeding may be confused 
with other clinical entities that require 
surgery a procedure that could 
prove fatal to the hemophiliac patient. 

Hemophilia A occurs nine times 
more often than Hemophilia B, but 
both types are transmitted through a 
recessive, sex-linked gene. 

Treatment 

Fresh Frozen Plasma 

Factor VIII rapidly disappears un 
less plasma is frozen immediately 
after collection. Since it is relatively 
easy to obtain, fresh frozen plasma 
is the treatment of choice. Factor IX 
remains stable in stored plasma for 
comparatively long periods, thus el 
iminating problems of supply. 

Human Antihemophilic Globulin 

Fractionation of this protein has 
been carried out in only a few centers 



thrombokinase 

Prothrombin ))> > thrombin (1-1) 
Ca** 

Fibrinogen ^ >- fibrin (1-2) 
thrombin 

Table I 



Synonyms 


Factor 


I: 


Fibrogen 


Factor 


II: 


Prothrombin 


Factor 


III: 


Platelets 


Factor 


IV: 


Calcium 


Factor 


VII: 


Pro-convertin 


Factor 


VIII: 


Antihemophilic 






factor (A.H.F.) 






Antihemophilic 






globulin (A.H.G.) 


Factor 


IX: 


Plasma 






thromboplastin 






component 






(P.T.C. or 






Christmas factor) 


Factor 


XI: 


Plasma 






thromboplastin 






antecedent (P.T.A.) 


Factor 


XII. 


Hageman factor 



in the world because of difficulties 
in isolating it and high production 
costs. This method is nonantigenic, 
and avoids overtaxing the circulation. 

Cold-Precipitated Fibrinogen 

Precipitation of the fibrinogen- 
fraction with cold produces a product 
that is rich in antihemophilic factor 
A. This technique has the added ad- 
vsntage that other plasma fractions 
are preserved for use in other ways, 
for example in the reconstitution of 
whole blood. The Canadian Red Cross 
has now adopted this method. A 
much smaller quantity is required for 
effective administration than when 
whole plasma is used. 

Animal Factor VIII 

The percentages of factor VIII 
found in some animals, for example, 
the pig and the ox, are 100 times 
higher per mg. of serum protein, 
than that found in human blood. Ex 
traction of both porcine and bovine 
factor VIII is currently being carried 
out at Oxford. Use of these prepara 
tions for humans has proven most 
satisfactory, especially in major sur 
gery. One serious disadvantage, how 
ever, is the antigenic quality of 



animal factor, although the presence 
of specific antibodies against these 
concentrates has yet to be demonstrat 
ed. However, eight to nine days after 
administration of the factor, the recip 
ient presents the clinical picture of 
antibody formation. Obviously, use of 
the animal factor must be limited to 
those occasions when a patient s life 
is at stake. Repeated administration 
may induce death through anaphylactic 
shock. 

Conclusion 

These, then, are the therapeutic 
devices at our disposal in the care 
of the hemophiliac patient. During 
the past 10 years, our method of 
extracting factor VIII has improved 
and our understanding of the condi 
tion of hemophilia, increased. This, 
in turn, has greatly ameliorated the 
lot of the hemophiliac patient. Refine 
ment in methods of treatment has de 
creased the extent of disability. Re- 
habiliation problems should assume 
smaller proportions in the future, 
although much remains to be done in 
the area of education. This task be 
longs to the nurse as well as to the 
doctor and social worker. D 



Extrinsic System 

(Measured By One-Stage 
Prothrombin Time) 



Intrinsic System 

(Measured By Thromboplastin 
Generation Test) 



Tissue Extract 




Factor VII 




Factor V 
Factor X 




Calcium 





I Factor VIII 

| Factor IX 

I Factor XI 

I Factor XII 

I Platelets 



Factor V 
Factor X 
Calcium 



Extrinsic 
Prothrombinase 



Prothrombin 



Thrombin 
I 
I 



Intrinsic 
Prothrombinase 



Figrinogen 



Fibrin 



Table II 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



The nurse and the 
hemophiliac patient 

Preservation of life is no longer our sole objective for the hemophiliac person. 



Not so long ago, before we knew 
how to use blood therapeutically, 
Wickham Legg 1 observed that one of 
the best ways to treat hemorrhage in 
the hemophiliac patient was to leave 
him alone until he came to the end of 
his blood supply. Then it could be 
counted on to stop! A moment s reflec 
tion discloses the despair underlying 
his sarcasm: Would adequate treat 
ment for hemorrhage complicated by 
abnormalities in clotting ever be avail 
able? 

If such were still the situation, 
300,000 hemophiliac persons the 
world over would be in desperate 
straits. Of this total, 2,000-4,000 
(about 1 in every 5,000 persons) 2 
form part of our Canadian population. 
Fortunately, the quality of the care 
now offered to these individuals means 
that the majority can anticipate a 
happy, active, useful life. 

Since hemorrhage is the chief sign 
of hemophilia, measures designed to 
re-establish local or general hemosta- 
sis, to prevent or minimize complica 
tions, and to avoid the conditions con 
ducive to bleeding are emphasized in 
this article. Social and psychological 
aspects of this condition are also con 
sidered. 

General hemostasis 

The amount of blood lost by a hemo 
philiac may not always be particular 
ly impressive since it is frequently 
from the capillaries. Nevertheless, mild 
bleeding can assume alarming propor- 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



janine Drapeau 

dons if it is prolonged. The nurse must 
be aware of the signs of impending 
shock: rapid, feeble pulse; marked fa 
tigue; diaphoresis; polydipsia; drop in 
blood pressure. 

The basic needs of the bleeding 
patient are: close observation; rest and 
relaxation; fluids; warm clothes and 
bedding. 

General hemostasis requires the cor 
rection of any deficiency in factor VIII 
or IX. Synthetic antihemophilic glob 
ulin has yet to be produced. Blood 
is our only source of replacement for 
certain coagulation factors. It may be 
used in a number of ways, and conse 
quently its administration is of interest 
to nurses in considering total patient 
care. 

Whole blood transfusion: Blood 
volume and /or hemoglobin content 
are restored. In treating Hemophilia 
A, the blood must be administered 
within two hours after collection. 

Plasma administration: Used when 
restoration of blood clotting is the 
chief objective. 

Factor VIII: Used as a last resort 
in treatment of Hemophilia A. 

Blood transfusion 

The dangers that may accompany 
transfusion cannot be overemphasized. 
These include: incompatible transfu 
sion; allergic reactions; and overload 
ing circulation. 

Incompatible transfusion: The drop 
in blood pressure that results may 
produce irreversible kidney damage 



from ischemia. In addition, the pa 
tient exhibits dyspnea, cyanosis, fever, 
and shivering, and complains of lum 
bar and suprapubic pain radiating into 
the thighs. Reaction may occur after 
the administration of only a few cc. of 
blood 3 . 

Allergic reactions: These may take 
the form of a skin eruption, asthmatic 
crisis, laryngeal edema, labial swelling. 

Overtaxed circulation: Acute pul 
monary edema may ensue. 

The attentiveness of the nursing 
personnel should be such that there 
need never be regret over an error in 
patient identification or in a cross- 
matching report. Vital signs are noted 
regularly, the progress of the trans 
fusion is checked, and any indication 
of an overload on the circulatory sys 
tem is duly heeded. Complaints voiced 
by the patient receive prompt atten 
tion. Obviously, the patient s call bell 
is always within easy reach. 

Any sign of transfusion incompat 
ibility, overtaxed circulatory system, 
or severe allergic response is sufficient 
to warrant discontinuing the transfu 
sion even before the doctor is called. 
A mild allergic reaction or a pyrogenic 
response characterized by fever and 
sudden shivering can be adequately 
dealt with by slowing the rate of flow 
until the doctor is called. 

Miss Drapeau is presently an Instructor 
at 1 Hopital du Saint-Sacrement School of 
Nursing in Quebec City, Quebec. 

JULY 1967 



Plasma administration 

There are two important points to 
be remembered in the use of plasma: 

1. Factor VIII is readily destroyed 
by heat. Consequently, plasma must 
be administered quickly. When fresh 
frozen plasma is used it is administered 
as soon as it thaws. The process of 
thawing should never be hastened by 
placing the container in warm water. 
The rate of administration should be 
about 60 drops per minute so that the 
room temperature has little oppor 
tunity to affect the factor VIII content. 

2. Plasma can produce allergic re 
actions similar to those following 
blood transfusion. Since plasma is ad 
ministered more rapidly, reactions tend 
to develop quite suddenly. Thus, for 
every unit of plasma given, a close 
watch is kept for cutaneous eruption, 
fever, angioneurotic edema, glottal 
edema and subsequent asphyxia. Al 
lergic reactions not only constitute a 
threat in themselves but, in the case 
of such conditions as pruritis, the pa 
tient may develop an aversion to essen 
tial treatment. 

Plasma, like blood, may overtax the 
circulation simply as the result of ad 
ded fluid volume or because of existing 
malfunction of the heart or kidneys. 
Should the patient exhibit sudden ma 
jor respiratory difficulty from glottal 
edema or pulmonary edema the plas 
ma flow must be stopped immediately 
and the doctor called. A mild allergic 
response can be handled by slowing 
the rate of flow until the antihistamine 
usually prescribed for such occasions 
takes effect. When this occurs, plasma 
flow can be resumed at normal speed. 

Factor VIII administration 

This concentrate is extracted from 
the blood of the pig, ox, or, infrequent 
ly, humans. It is given intravenously 
and may induce severe allergic reac 
tion. 

The need for repeated injections is 
a source of annoyance to patients. The 
person responsible for this procedure 
should be extremely skillful. Injections 
intravenous or otherwise do not 
usually cause bleeding in the hemo 
philiac patient if digital pressure is 
exerted momentarily after withdrawing 
the needle. Intramuscular injections 
are routinely prohibited unless the 
level of the specific factor deficiency 
can be raised to a safe margin. 

Local hemostasis 

Clot formation is not the only 
means by which blood loss can be 
halted. Constriction of the walls of the 
injured blood vessel also plays an im 
portant role. Where one means fails, 
another may be attempted. Several 
measures can be used to control hem- 

JULY 1967 



orrhage locally: immobilization; appli 
cation of ice packs; pressure; and local 
hemostatic agents. 
Immobilization 

An active muscle necessarily re 
ceives an extra blood supply. This ob 
viously is not conducive to constric 
tion of the injured vessel. Whenever 
possible, the affected part is put at 
rest and good use made of splints and 
slings. 
Ice application 

The application of ice can result 
in two particularly desirable effects 
constriction of blood vessels locally, 
and loss of feeling in the nerve end 
ings. The former reduces blood loss, 
while the latter controls pain arising 
from the accumulation of blood in the 
tissues. Ice can be applied to any 
accessible part of the body as long as 
care is taken to avoid injury to the 
skin through the development of chil 
blains. The likelihood of chilblains 
varies in direct proportion to the de 
gree of local desensitization. 
Pressure 

Local application of pressure affects 
the underlying blood vessels. However, 
there must be no interference with the 
oxygen supply to distal portions. This 
means that the color of the skin, its 
temperature, and degree of sensation 
must be checked. Initially, bandages 
are not applied too tightly, since they 
tend to tighten as blood accumulates 
in the tissues. 
Local hemostatic agents 

Certain pharmaceutical compounds 
are useful in the promotion of clot 
formation, but they should only be 
applied topically. Thrombin used lo 
cally on damaged vessels takes the 
place of natural thrombin in the pro 
cess of blood clotting. It unites with 
fibrinogen to fofm fibrin, which, in 
turn, binds the blood cells and plate 
lets together, eventually producing a 
clot. Other preparations such as Gel- 
foam, Oxycel, Hemopak, etc., help 
mechanically in ciot formation. 

It is very important to have several 
of these agents available as part of 
the plan of care for hemophiliac pa 
tients. All is then ready if the patient 
develops a break in the skin or mucous 
membrane and a dressing must be 
applied. 

The foregoing allusion to wounds 
is a reminder of the importance of 
asepsis. A superimposed infection 
tends to make blood vessel walls more 
friable and more fragile, thus increas 
ing the danger of hemorrhage. 

Preventing and minimizing 
complications 

The hemophiliac faces two particu 
lar problems as the outcome of hem 
orrhage. The first, and possibly the 



most frequently encountered, is func 
tional disability of joints affected by 
hemarthroses and hemophilic arthritis. 
Anemia, resulting from repeated or 
prolonged hemorrhage, is the second 
complication. 
Joint Damage 

The hemophiliac is prone to hem 
arthroses of the large joints with 
subsequent disability resulting from 
destruction of fragile structures, bone 
deformity, shortening of ligaments, 
etc. 4 Special nursing care is required. 

The accumulation of blood around 
the joint causes pain which the patient 
tries to relieve by placing the limb in 
an unnatural position. To avoid per 
manent distortion, this position is cor 
rected as quickly as possible using 
splints, slings, etc. 5 

To increase the safety margin, the 
joint is kept at rest several days after 
hemorrhage has been arrested. On the 
other hand, muscles that become atro 
phied from disuse frequently cause 
joint instability which, in turn, in 
creases the likelihood of injury and 
hemorrhage. Progressive, appropriate 
exercises should be instituted under the 
direction of a physiatrist. Swimming 
is particularly beneficial for hemophil 
iacs since it strengthens muscles in 
the limbs, especially those around large 
joints. 

Hemarthroses usually are quite pain 
ful. Aspirin and similar compounds 
that the hemophiliac may take to re 
lieve the pain cause capillary frag 
ility and hence increase the danger of 
bleeding. 
Anemia 

To replace hemoglobin loss that ac 
companies each bout of bleeding, the 
hemophiliac must have good reserves 
of iron. Otherwise, anemia and its 
attendant physical weakness increase 
the risk of complications in even minor 
hemorrhage. For this reason, the hemo 
philiac should have a well-balanced 
diet, rich in iron. 

Psychological aspects 

The nurse should realize that the 
child s attitude toward his illness is 
influenced less by the condition itself 
than by the attitude of those in his 
environment. Certainly, hemophilia is 
a distressing disease. Anyone who has 
experienced a hemorrhage can appre 
ciate how difficult it must be to live 
under the constant threat of bleeding. 
Overprotection, however, simply en 
hances this sense of impending danger 
and may encourage effeminate man 
ners and attitudes in the hemophiliac 
patient. Freedom from anxiety is a 
major concern in the psychological 
care of the hemophiliac. Dependency, 
aggression, and isolation also must be 
counteracted in these persons. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 




Freedom from anxiety 

This can be accomplished best 
through patient teaching. The individ 
ual should be prepared to assume res 
ponsibility for his own well-being. His 
confidence in the effectiveness of treat 
ment should be built up. 
Safeguarding masculinity 

An extremely close mother-son re 
lationship, or an intimate relationship 
with other females in his environment 
can be detrimental to the development 
of a masculine temperment in a boy 
who, through circumstances, must 
avoid physical force. Father-son rela 
tionships, or those with other male 
relatives and friends, become corres 
pondingly more important and should 
be as enriching as possible. It is equal 
ly important to encourage the develop 
ment of interests and hobbies that are 
masculine in nature but not physically 
harmful. 
Freedom from aggression 

Few restrictions as possible are 
placed on the activities of the hem 
ophiliac child. He should be given an 
opportunity to rebel against his illness, 
his lot in life, etc. Suppressed aggres 
sion may be handled positively by al 
lowing the child to express his feelings 
through special projects, painting, mu 
sic, literature, etc., rather than through 
physical force. So many areas of hu 
man endeavor are open to him, that 
the opportunity to excel in some one 
activity can lead the handicapped per 
son to a new sense of his own worth 
and mitigate feelings of frustration- 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Increasing sociability 

Secure in a sense of his own value 
as a human being, an individual is 
better disposed toward cordial rela 
tionships with his fellows. The next 
step is to encourage participation in 
those activities that involve interper 
sonal exchanges: collections of all 
kinds, games, non-violent sports, such 
as swimming, fishing, boating, etc. 

Special assistance 

The Canadian Hemophilia Society 
provides valuable information for all 
who desire it. It also grants financial 
assistance to hemophiliacs in need. In 
addition, the Society encourages re 
search into the illness and its treat 
ment. 

As soon as a hemophiliac and his 
parents become members of the Cana 
dian Hemophilia Society, they are sent 
ample information concerning all as 
pects of the condition. Certain points 
are stressed: 

1. The importance of seeking med 
ical advice as soon as hemarthroses 
develop. 

2. The need for special dental care 
(even the loss of a milk tooth may 
lead to serious bleeding), regular 
check-ups, soft toothbrushes, extrac 
tions under medical supervision only. 

3. The need for adequate profes 
sional education since the hemophiliac 
must earn his living through intel 
lectual rather than physical effort. 

4. The need for the hemophiliac 
to have a sense of his own worth and 



to excel in some field of endeavor. 

5. The importance of always car 
rying the identification card issued by 
the Canadian Hemophilia Society. This 
will ensure adequate care in case of 
accident. 

Special centers for hemophiliac care 
are attached to hospitals in several 
large cities. One such department is 
at St. Mary s Hospital, Montreal. 

Social service departments may help 
in the solution of a variety of prob 
lems financial, educational, rehabil 
itative. 

The Bell Telephone Company of 
Canada offers communication services 
between home and school in some 
Canadian communities, for the benefit 
of children who cannot attend classes 
regularly. 

The Canada Manpower Division of 
the Department of Manpower and Im 
migration can assist the hemophiliac 
person to find suitable employment. 
Some provincial employment services 
have a division for the handicapped. 

An optimistic note 

The optimistic note in the introduc 
tion of this article could well be over 
shadowed by the various words of 
warning that followed. Nevertheless, 
there is the conviction that the hemo 
philiac can and should live life to 
the full, enjoying all the good things 
that it has to offer. Having faced his 
own physical limitations and taken 
the necessary precautions, the hemo 
philiac person s hopes for the future 
can more easily and more surely be 
come a reality. 

References 

1. Kerr, C. B. The management of haem 
ophilia. Sydney, Australia, University of 
Sydney, 1961. 128 p. 

2. L hemophilie de nos jours. Montreal, 
Merck, Sharpe and Dohme of Canada 
Ltd., 1962. 63 p. 

3. Delahal, E. Accidents de la transfusion. 
Soins 95: 623-27, July-August 1964. 

4. Cornn, P. Etat actuel du probleme de 
rhemophilie. Revue de I infirmiere et 
de I assistante sociale. 16: 1: 609-616, 
July-September, 1966. 

5. La rehabilitation et les soins infirmiers 
a 1 hopital general. Montreal, Institut 
Marguerite d Youville, 1965. p. 75-91. 

n 



JULY 1967 



Prostheses for 
cancer patients 



Modern prostheses make it possible to restore a patient s appearance 
to a degree that is socially acceptable. 



C. M Godfrey, B.A., M.D., and Stanley Brasier 



Malignant conditions occurring 
about the head and neck frequently 
are treated with radiotherapy or sur 
gery. Extirpation by surgery generally 
results in an unsightly defect that may 
limit the patient s ability to return to 
normal living. The loss of a nose, ear, 
or orbital contents usually cannot be 
repaired by plastic surgery; however, 
the part often can be replaced by a 
prosthesis. 

The Prosthetic Unit of the Division 
of Rehabilitation Medicine, University 
of Toronto a unit sponsored by the 
Ontario Cancer Treatment and Re 
search Foundation - - provides a ser 
vice for patients who have sustained a 
facial defect as the result of cancer. 

Prosthetic restoration of the face is 
not a new concept. Man s desire to 
look human has created the need for 
replacement throughout the ages. Crude 
golden noses have been found in mum 
mified remains of Egyptians kings and 
nobles. Nasal replacements made of 
lacquer have been used in India and 
China for over 2,000 years. Ambrose 
Pare, in the sixteenth century, designed 
prostheses of papier-mache and leather 
to replace missing facial members. In 
addition, he prescribed intra-oral ap 
pliances to cover perforations in the 
palate. 

Prosthetic fitting 

In the modern prosthesis the series 
of fittings necessary to restore a defect 
cause no distress to the patient. On his 
first visit an impression of the defect 

JULY 1967 



site is taken so that a positive plaster 
mould can be made. From this, the 
prosthesis is fabricated in wax. At a 
later visit, the prosthesis is tried on 
the defect and assessed for various 
factors, such as size, position, and 
symmetry. Prostheses are made initial 
ly in wax so that at the trial stage any 
necessary alteration can be made quite 
easily. 

The final stage consists of forming a 
mould of the wax appliance so that it 
can be accurately reproduced and fin 
ally finished in the material of choice. 

Soft material unsuitable 

Although one may rightly consider 
that facial prostheses should be made 
from a soft material, it is unfortunate 
that as yet no such material has been 
produced to meet the necessary re 
quirements. Soft materials are not 
physically stable, with the result that a 
prosthesis may become distorted in a 
short while, thus rendering it ill-fitting. 
Color stability, a most important fac 
tor, is usually not good, necessitating 
recoloring at frequent intervals. Be 
cause of these shortcomings, soft ma 
terials are not normally used in the 
making of facial prostheses. 

Hard materials, notably acrylic res 
in, possess the qualities necessary in 
this work. Acrylic resin is the plastic 

Dr. Godfrey is Director, and Mr. Brasier 
is Prosthetist at the Prosthetic Unit. Divi 
sion of Rehabilitation Medicine, University 
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 



used in dentures, where it has proved 
its durability and stability over many 
years. Because it is physically stable 
and is able to retain its initial color, 
it is an ideal material for prosthetic 
use. Furthermore, it can be pigmented 
to any desired color or shade, and can 
be made to produce the multiplicity of 
tones that characterize human tissue. 

Ear prosthesis 

The loss of an ear is, perhaps, the 
least mutilating deformity. Neverthe 
less, the patient feels incomplete and 
exhibits a state of imbalance. Figure 1 
shows typical loss of left ear from the 
anterior view. Figure 2 shows the 
acrylic resin restoration fitted to the 
patient, and illustrates how balance is 
restored. 

Where possible, facial appliances 
are attached to spectacles. Since this 
method of fixation cannot be applied 
successfully to an ear, use is made of 
a medical adhesive. A light film is ap 
plied to the defect area and also to 
the fitting surface of the ear before 
placing it in position. Since this me 
thod relies on the patient s ability to 
place the prosthesis accurately, it is 
avoided wherever possible. 

In addition to the esthetic consider 
ations in restoring the ear, patients 
who wear spectacles are pleased to 
have the frame stability restored. In 
such cases an ear can be considered 
to have some complimentary function 
as well. If the patient possesses his 
hearing faculty on the defect side, pro- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 




Fig. 1: Anterior view of typical loss of 
ear, illustrating imbalance. 



Fig- 2: The artificial ear restored 
complete balance. 



^^^^P^^l^^H^h___M^^^I^MMIBHB^^^K_ 

Fig. 3: Complete loss of nose and 
septum due to squamous cell 
carcinoma. 




Fig. 7: Deject created by surgery 
following removal of malignant tumor- 



Fig. 8: A good cosmetic result may be 
achieved where the defect is not too 
large. 



42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



vision is made for this in the prosthesis 
so that hearing is unimpared. 

Nose prosthesis 

Complete loss of nose, as illustrated 
in figure 3, is perhaps one of the most 
embarrassing defects. With the loss of 
such protrusive anatomy, the character 
of the face is completely destroyed, 
particularly in the lateral aspect shown 
in figure 4, It is essential, in such 
cases, to restore the patient s self- 
confidence, as well as his nose. 

When sculpturing a nose prosthesis, 
it is of great importance to keep the 
shape as near as possible a replica of 
the patient s original state. For this 
reason it is of considerable help if the 
patient can be seen preoperatively. An 
impression of the patient s own nose 
can be taken, and a perfect reproduc 
tion made. Failing this, help often can 
be obtained from preoperative por 
trait photographs of the patient or, in 
desperation, from the patient s own 
description (which, unfortunately, is 
often somewhat vague). 

An artificial nose is constructed in 
the form of a thin shell so that the 
weight factor can be kept as low as 
possible. This also helps in the matter 
of coloring, for while the correct color 
of a prosthesis is embodied in the 
process of molding, some touching up 
may be necessary when it is fitted to 
the patient. Being very thin, any fur 
ther subtle coloring may be applied 
from behind, and subsequently sealed. 

Figures 5 and 6 show the patient 
with a prosthetic nose in position. This 
is firmly attached to the bridge of the 
spectacle frame; since the spectacles 
are fitted with special riding bow tem 
ples that encircle the patient s ears, 

JULY 1967 




Fig. 4: Loss of nose in the lateral 
aspect destroys facial features. This is 
one of the most embarrassing defects. 



Fig- 5: The design of the prosthesis 
takes advantage of existing naso labial 
folds to further conceal junction lines. 



Fig. 6: The character of the face is 
restored in this lateral view of the 
fitted prosthesis. 



the nose is held snugly in its precise 
position. It is simple for the patient 
to apply his prosthesis by merely put 
ting on his spectacles. 

Apart from providing suitable fix 
ation for the prosthesis, spectacles of 
fer other advantages. One of the big 
problems with a facial prosthesis is the 
concealment of edges, or junction 
lines; anything that helps in this direc 
tion is of considerable aid. It will be 
noted in figure 5 that the spectacle 
bridge completely conceals the junc 
tion of the nose in the upper bridge 
area. In addition, spectacles fulfill their 
normal function of correcting sight, for 
each patient is sent for a refraction. If 
necessary, corrective lenses are fitted 
to the spectacles; otherwise, piano 
lenses suffice. 

Orbital exenteration 

Another type of defect that is com 
monly encountered in cancer patients 
is orbital exenteration. Such a defect 
may be open or closed. A typical ex 
ample of the latter variety is shown in 
figure 7. This exhibits collapsed tissue 
in the orbital region and is normally 
restored by the fitting of an orbital 
prosthesis. The demands of this type 
of prosthesis are more exacting inas 
much as the eye, the lid, and any sur 
rounding tissue area need to be care 
fully restored. Accurate matching of 
iris color and size, pupil size, sclera 
color, and formation of blood vessels, 
etc., is observed, together with correct 
sculpturing of lid curvature, all of 
which help to produce a life-like pros 
thesis. 

Although special techniques are 
used to make junction lines as in 
conspicuous as possible, the use of 

JULY 1967 



spectacles is again of considerable aid. 
Figure 8 shows how the periphery of 
the prosthesis has been made to coin 
cide, approximately, with that of the 
lens rim. 

In the orbital prosthesis, the pros 
thetic eye obviously looks straight 
ahead. Because of this, patients are 
trained in simulation techniques to 
"look" with their head, so that at all 
times the angle of vision of the sound 
eye remains parallel to that of the pros 
thetic eye. Thus, the chances of detec 
tion by an observer are lessened, in 
most cases. 

The above methods of training are 
unnecessary in the case of loss of eye, 
for an artificial eye can be fitted to ex 
hibit an acceptable degree of move 
ment. This is made possible by the 
muscular movement of the posterior 
wall of the socket. Motion may also be 
aided by the use of a spherical implant 
which, in suitable cases, is sometimes 
inserted permanently at operation. 

The glass eye of the past has been 
superseded by the use of acrylic, and 
provides many advantages notably 
freedom from accidental breakage, and 
longer life. The fitted artificial eye is 
worn with complete comfort because 
of the dense and highly polished sur 
face that is characteristic of acrylic res 
in. 

While the facial defects described 
typify the main types, partial defects 
of ear and nose are also encountered, 
and can be restored accordingly. On the 
other hand, an open orbital exentera 
tion may embrace a considerable area 
of adjacent cheek, or even include the 
loss of nose. Under such circumstances 
a very extensive prosthesis is necessi 
tated to restore normal appearance. 



Intra-oral prosthesis 

In addition to external defects, in- 
tra-oral deformities of the jaw, such as 
maxillectomies, are treated. Such de 
fects affect the functions of eating, 
drinking, and speaking. Although these 
defects cannot be seen, they cause con 
siderable distress to the patient. Spe 
cially designed intra-oral prostheses are 
fitted, which restore these functions al 
most to normal. 

Patients range from babies of a few 
months usually with loss of eye or 
eyes due to retinal blastema to per 
sons age 91. Many patients, therefore, 
need continuing treatment at varying 
intervals because of changing condi 
tions of the defect, further surgery, or 
replacement prosthesis. 

Summary 

The foregoing has shown how dis 
figured cancer patients can be restor 
ed in appearance and rehabilitated to 
the point where they can mix in every 
day society without feeling an object 
of curiosity. Many patients are cap 
able of working, and in some instances 
the fitting of a facial prosthesis is 
often the deciding factor on the ques 
tion of their being accepted. 

In addition to fitting the patient with 
a prosthetic replacement, the Rehabili 
tation Unit, which is located in The 
Princess Margaret Hospital Lodge, 
Toronto, offers other facilities that help 
the patient to return to his normal ac 
tivities. Speech re-training, physical 
therapy, and social or vocational as 
sistance are available services. The On 
tario Cancer Treatment and Research 
Foundation provides these services 
free-of-charge to the cancer patient. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



Programmed instruction 
- can we use it? 



This method is effective only if the instructor understands its use and is 
convinced of its value. 



Programmed instruction, first named 
by Dr. B. F. Skinner in 1954, is based 
on teaching techniques that date to 
the time of Socrates. Four ingredients 
of good teaching that were inherent in 
the Socratic method and are found in 
programmed learning are outlined by 
Geis and Anderson: 

1. The material is presented in 
small bits so that one piece builds on 
the previous one. 

2. The student interacts with the 
material. 

3. The information is reinforced by 
confirmation of responses. 

4. It allows the student to pro 
ceed at his own rate of learning. 1 

The difference between the Socratic 
method and programmed instruction, 
according to Geis and Anderson, is 
that the latter provides a permanent 
record for future reference by both 
the student and the teacher. The So 
cratic technique, which was largely 
verbal, was carried forward to pro 
gramming as a result of Thorndike s 
stimulus-response theory advanced in 
the 1890 s and Skinner s theory of 
reinforcement. 

Frames build knowledge 

All programmed material is present 
ed in the form of small blocks of in 
formation (frames) strung together in a 
logical sequence to allow the student 
to build his knowledge as he proceeds 
from frame to frame. Each frame 
presents a small piece of information 
followed by a question pertaining to 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



R. Roslyn Klaiman 

that particular information. 

After studying the information in 
the frame, the student answers the 
question and then verifies his answer 
before proceeding to the next frame. 
The question is worded so that he is 
required either to write an answer or 
to choose one of several answers pro 
vided. An incorrect response to the 
question is immediately relayed to the 
student and allows him to relearn the 
material before compounding his er 
ror. Similarly, he is informed imme 
diately of correct responses. 

In some programs the student is 
redirected to additional reference ma 
terial or information within the pro 
gram itself if he makes an error in 
a frame; or, he may be directed to 
proceed more rapidly than the numer 
ical order of the frames indicate if 
he responds correctly. In this way 
he actively interacts with the material, 
reinforces his learning, and can and 
does proceed at his own rate. 

Studies have revealed that students 
generally cover course content more 
rapidly and with greater thoroughness 
through the use of a good program 
than through other instructional me- 

Miss Klaiman, a graduate of the Jewish 
General Hospital School of Nursing, Mon 
treal, and McGill University, is instructor at 
the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute Nursing 
Course in Toronto. She is interested in 
hearing from persons who have used pro 
grammed instruction themselves or who 
have developed their own programs. 



thods. Any program, however, is only 
as good as the knowledge and teach 
ing sequence within it; a poor program 
teaches in the same way as a poor 
teacher. 

Types of programs 

The presentation of programmed 
material follows one of several designs 
(paradigms) in either a text or a 
"teaching machine." The paradigm and 
media used depend upon the prefer 
ence of the programmer and on the 
material to be presented. Generally, 
today s programmed nursing content 
appears in text form. Irrespective of 
the paradigm or media used, the four 
ingredients outlined above are strictly 
adhered to. 

Skinner employs a method of pres 
entation known as linear or extrinsic 
programming. The material is pres 
ented sequentially through frames com 
posed of short items, followed by a 
question to which the student is re 
quired to construct an answer. Each 
student proceeds through the program 
in exactly the same order. An entire 
program (course) may consist of 1,500 
or more frames. 

The second basic paradigm, devel 
oped in 1959 by Norman Crowder, is 
known as branching or instrinsic pro 
gramming. Here, the student is pres 
ented with the information in a short 
frame as in the linear program, but 
instead of constructing an answer to 
the question, he is provided with alter 
native answers from which he chooses 

JULY 1967 



one. Each answer chosen leads to an 
other frame that either informs him 
that he is correct and directs him to 
the next sequence, or informs him 
that his answer is incorrect and re 
turns him to the original frame or 
offers additional information before 
directing him to the next sequence. 
The branching paradigm allows the 
student to make an error, indicating 
his need for further information which 
is then provided. In a branching pro 
gram the sequence followed differs 
with each student. 

Lysaught and Williams have defined 
the basic difference between these two 
main paradigms: "Students using linear 
programs will proceed to a subsequent 
item regardless of the correctness or 
incorrectness of their responses; in in 
trinsic programs, the student will be 
directed to diverse items as a result of 
the correctness or incorrectness of his 
response." 2 

Many of the newer programs now 
available contain elements of both 
linear and branching techniques. The 
values of programming have been sum 
marized by Stolurow who says: "One 
can consider the communication pro 
cess between the teaching machine 
(program) and the learner as anal- 
agous to that taking place when a stu 
dent is taught with the Socratic method 
by a live teacher .... In the typical 
teaching machine program the learn 
er responds frequently; he is trans 
formed from a passive receiver into 
an active participant in the teaching- 
learning process." 3 

Does not replace teacher 

Programmed instruction is not a 
testing device; nor is it a method to 
replace the teacher. However, pro 
gramming may be used to assist in 
testing, since its nature depends upon 
carefully outlined objectives to pro 
duce a comprehensive sequence. The 
teacher then can use these objectives 
to prepare tests that are based on 
the knowledge acquired through the 
program. Used wisely, programs can 
free the teacher from the lectern in 
certain areas of curriculum presenta 
tion, but will never replace her in 

JULY 1967 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



How to Work with a Program 

The sample page presents a teaching sequence commonly known as 
programming. Each block on the page is a "frame" with the accompanying 
answer found in the shaded left-hand column. To work with this program, use 
a piece of paper, a ruler or some similar item as a mask to cover the left hand 
column. Read frame No. 1 and answer the question; move your mask to check 
the answer; if you are correct, proceed to frame No. 2. Proceed through the 
program in this manner. Check each answer before carrying on with subsequent 
frames. 


programmed instruction 


1. Programmed instruction is a new teaching tech 
nique based on methods proven since the time 
of Socrates. 

A new teaching technique based on old and 
tested methods is called 




frame 


2. The material in a program is presented in small 
steps commonly called frames. 

The presentation of small bits of information in 
a program is known as a .... 




information (or material), question 

if you made an error, return 
to Frame No. 2 and start again. 


3. Each frame presents some information and asks 
a question about that piece of information. 

A frame is composed of small steps of 
plus a . 








linear, extrinsic 


10. The programming paradigm designed by Dr. B. 
F. Skinner is called linear or extrinsic program 
ming because each student follows the program 
in the same manner. 

Skinner s paradigm is known as 


or programming. 


branching, intrinsic 


11. Branching or intrinsic programming was devel 
oped by Dr. N. Crowder. This paradigm allows 
each learner scope to choose alternative routes 
through the program. 

Crowder s paradigm is known as 


or programming. 




linear (or extrinsic) 

If you made an error, review Frames 8-10 
before proceeding. 


(Sample of review frame) 

12. The programming paradigm presented on this 
page is programming. 



46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



assisting the learning process of the 
student. Furthermore, programmed in 
struction is not a panacea designed 
to cure the ills of education. 

Programs can be used to teach con 
cepts as well as facts; indeed, there 
are some programs on the market that 
introduce the underlying principles of 
technical skills. Good programming 
can be used in most areas of nursing 
curricula, the main exception being 
skills that can be learned only through 
practice. 

Pros and cons 

Not all educators agree that pro 
grammed learning is a useful tech 
nique. Here is a summary of opposing 
views on programming: 

Argument: The technique was de 
veloped through experiments carried 
out on laboratory animals, and there 
fore is not useful for man. 

Answer: Programmed learning is 
based on old and tested theories and 
practices used in education. 

Argument: A greater interest is 
placed on learning theories than on 
the learner. 

Answer: No program is considered 
complete until it has been approved 
by the learner. There is always con 
tinual research and revision. 

Argument: Teaching machines dis 
play mere love of gadgetry. 

Answer: Machines are merely one 
method of presenting a program and 
do not in themselves teach. 

Argument: Programming will re 
place the teacher and remove the hu 
man element from education. 

Answer: Programming is a teaching 
sequence that assists the teacher, e.g., 
may be used to present material on 
which the teacher can build. 

Argument: Students do not use 
creative thinking in working with pro 
grammed material. 

Answer: Programs may be designed 
to stimulate creative thinking. 

Argument: Students individual needs 
are not recognized; programming is 
depersonalized teaching. 

Answer: Programs are developed on 
the basis of student objectives, thus 
resulting in better teaching methods. 
Students proceed through a program 
at their own rate; teachers are avail 
able for individual assistance. 

Evaluating a program 

Before the instructor accepts a pro 
gram for use within her course, she 
must evaluate it carefully. She can 
look at the format and base her evalu 
ation on the following points: 

1. Does the author list the group 
of people jor whom the program was 
developed? 

This is a major point. Since pro- 

JULY 1967 



grams should be based on student ob 
jectives, they are suitable only for 
that group for which they were design 
ed. For example, a program developed 
for nursing assistants probably would 
not contain sufficient information for 
diploma nursing students. Unless the 
author clearly indicates the group for 
which the program was designed, the 
user runs the risk of employing an 
unsuitable program. 

2. Are the objectives of the pro 
gram stated? 

This information enables the in 
structor to decide whether the pro 
gram will be useful for her students. 

3. Does the author say when the 
testing and revisions were made? 
(Specifically, does she say on which 
group the program was tested? How? 
The results? The number of revisions 
made?) 

Since programming is a teaching 
sequence, it requires numerous test 
ings on groups similar to the group 
for which it was designed, and rev 
isions made accordingly. Only in this 
way can the programmer be assured 
that the program will teach. 

4. Does content correspond to ob 
jectives of the course for which it will 
be used? 

If an instructor plans to use a pro 
gram to replace or augment course 
content, then the objectives for that 
course must be satisfied by the pro 
gram content. On the other hand, 
should the program be used to offer 
a new view, the instructor must have 
this objective in mind. 

5. Does the length of the program 
fit in with the time available? 

Since students proceed through a 
program at their own rate of learning, 
they must be permitted sufficient time 
to work with it. This may be allotted in 
class hours, or left to the students 
discretion. However, if the program 
is used to cover, for example, one hour 
of class time, but is designed to delve 
fully into the topic, thereby requiring 
more than an hour, this would be un 
realistic. 

6. W ill the program teach, that 
is, does the framing follow a logical 
sequence without too much or too little 
repetition? 

Initially, the best way to evaluate 
this is for the instructor to work 
through the program and check her 
reactions to the frames. If she finds 
the material cumbersome or lacking 
in sequence, then the student would 
undoubtedly find it more so. Too much 
repetition or too frequent elicitation of 
the identical response results in bore 
dom. Similarly, too little repetition, 
particularly in areas to be memorized, 
prevents adequate learning. 

7. Can the program be used for 



review and/or reference? 

This self-explanatory point is partic 
ularly useful for programs employed 
to augment, rather than introduce, 
course content. 

Finally, before deciding to employ 
a program fully, the instructor should 
carry out her own testing on a class 
or a group of students. This can be 
done by pre- and post-testing, and 
comparing the results to those of 
former classes who were taught by 
other methods. 

Affirmative responses to these 
points assure the instructor of a good 
program. A negative answer to any 
point requires a careful reassessment 
of the program s quality. 

Summary 

Programmed instruction can be used 
successfully if the program is used 
as an aid, rather than as an end; if 
it is used to supplement and not re 
place the teacher; if it is useful for re 
medial work or for the enrichment of 
instruction, rather than as the sole 
instrument; if the teacher reexamines 
her methods and modifies and coordin 
ates them with the program; and if 
the program is carefully evaluated in 
terms of the seven points outlined 
above. 

Programming is a useful adjunct to 
teaching techniques. The excitement 
experienced by students when they en 
counter a good program not only in 
fluences their learning, but stimulates 
their curiosity about the subject. The 
teacher then works with a group of 
informed students who want to learn 
more about the subject at hand. This 
is a far cry from the often onerous 
task of lecturing to a group of students 
in an attempt to interest a few. 

References 

1. Geis, George and Anderson, Maja. Pro 
grammed instruction in nursing educa 
tion, part I. Nurs. Outlook, 11:592-4, 
August, 1963. 

2. Lysaught, Jerome P., and Williams, Clar 
ence M., A Guide to Programmed In 
struction. New York, John Wiley and 
Sons, Inc., 1963. p. 86. 

3. Stolurow, Lawrence M., Teaching by 
Machine. Washington, U.S. Government 
Printing Office, 1963, p. 60. 

Bibliography available on request from The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 

4. Ontario. Q 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Sex knowledge of prospective 
teachers and graduate nurses 



In this study, the author suggests that both prospective teachers and graduate 
nurses need to be taught the basic facts about sex before being expected 
to teach them to others. 



Studies indicate that young people 
today do not have reliable, accurate 
information about sex and that many 
misconceptions are still widely held. 
Curran 1 , for example, has reported on 
the misconceptions of 12-to 16-year- 
old male sex delinquents in the adoles 
cent ward of Bellevue Psychiatric Hos 
pital. Vincent 2 investigated the back 
ground of unwed mothers and found 
that, for many, inaccurate information 
was accompanied by the attitude that 
sex was dirty and vulgar. A sociologi 
cal study of 600 middle-class teenagers 
in New York City Social Hygiene Clin 
ics 3 revealed that only 42 percent had 
any knowledge of venereal disease. 

Students with similar educational 
background have been questioned 
about human sexuality. Lief 4 found 
that, on the average, students entering 
medical school, when compared to 
other students with a similar amount of 
education, had the same misconcep 
tions regarding sex. Greenbank 5 re 
ported that half the graduates of a 
Philadelphia medical school thought 
that masturbation frequently caused 
mental illness. In addition, he found 
that one out of every five faculty mem 
bers in the same school also held the 
misconception. Sheppe and Hain 6 dis 
covered that, on a sex knowledge in 
ventory, freshmen in law and in medi 
cine had similar scores but that senior 
medical students scored higher than 
their law counterparts. They noted, 
however, that senior medical students 
still missed 10 out of 80 questions on 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Anne McCreary-Juhasz, Ph.D. 

a questionnaire designed for lay per 
sons with average education. 

There is a great deal of discussion 
in schools today about the possibility 
of including sex education in the cur 
riculum. In a survey of teachers in 
British Columbia 7 in 1963, 182 of 
the 197 teachers thought that this topic 
should be on the curriculum, with two- 
thirds of them indicating that teachers 
should be responsible for this instruc 
tion. Should this occur, then students 
training to be teachers would have to 
be prepared to teach this subject. 

Purposes of study 

The purposes of the study were: 1. 
to determine how well-informed educa 
tion students were on selected physio 
logical aspects of sex; and 2. to evalu 
ate the adequacy of their knowledge in 
the light of the possibility that they 
might be expected to convey this in 
formation to children. Scores of gradu 
ate nurses provided the standard of 
adequacy. 

The questionnaire 

A questionnaire was drawn up con 
sisting of 30 multiple-choice items for 
which the respondent was instructed to 
select the best answer. All choices 
were either plausible answers or com 
monly-held misconceptions. The latter 
were selected from the questions most 

Dr. Juhasz is Associate Professor, Faculty 
of Education, University of British Colum 
bia, Vancouver, British Columbia. 



frequently asked by teenagers attend 
ing a series of lectures conducted by a 
medical doctor in British Columbia on 
the physiology of sex. The best answer 
was agreed upon by a team of three 
doctors. Topics included on the ques 
tionnaire were: venereal disease, con 
ception, contraception, menstruation, 
masturbation, menopause, puberty, 
nocturnal emissions, and structure and 
function of the sexual organs. 

The questionnaire was given to a 
sample group of 40 freshmen at the 
University of British Columbia. These 
students were directed to underline all 
unknown words and ask questions and 
make comments about unclear items 
or responses. The following words 
were underlined (in order of frequen 
cy): circumcision, hysterectomy, hy 
men, masturbation, criterion, corre 
lated, puberty, abstinence, genitalia, va 
gina, and semen. 

The revised inventory either omitted 
unknown terms or included definitions 
of them within the test. Thus, it could 
be assumed that students were not 
being tested on vocabulary but on the 
extent of their information. Adequate 
knowledge of the physiological aspects 
of sex does not necessarily guarantee 
specific behavior. In addition, mea 
surement of progress on a longitudinal 
scale is unrealistic since the definition 
of progress differs from individual to 
individual in time and place. However, 
content validity was established 
through the consensus of three experts. 

One hundred and sixty university 

JULY 1%7 



students completed the questionnaire 
twice with an interval between testing. 
The resulting coefficient of reliability 
using the test-retest method was .81, 
which is a relatively high level of re 
liability. 

Method 

The questionnaire was administered 
to the 75 graduate nurses who were 
working either for a bachelor s degree 
or a diploma in nursing at the Univer 
sity of British Columbia in March, 
1966. This total sample included both 
male and female subjects. Also, a 
stratified sample was drawn from (a) 
male and female freshman students, 
and (b) all students in each of the 
years in the Faculty of Education at 
the same university. A total of 365 
male and 528 female students was in 
this sample- Of these, 433 were pre 
paring to be elementary school 
teachers; 325 were preparing to be sec 
ondary school teachers; and 135 
freshmen were from other faculties. 
There were 144 first-year students, 
239 second-year students, 234 third- 
year students, 1 1 1 fourth-year students 
and 165 fifth-year and graduate stu 
dents. 

Raw scores and percentages were 
calculated. In addition, scores of 
freshmen and education students were 
grouped according to placement in the 
first, second, third and fourth quarter, 
based on the nurses scores and, for 
each quarter, the percentage of the to 
tal was obtained. 

Results 

The distribution of scores for the 
75 nurses is shown in Table I, with 
percentile ranks for each score. From 
this distribution there were a mean of 
25.6, median of 26, and mode of 25. 
Quartile one was 25, quartile two was 
26, and quartile three was 27. 

On the average, nurses missed one 
item in six with two-thirds of them 
missing one item in 10. Analysis of 
the responses to various items showed 
that 59 of the 75 nurses (79 percent) 
answered the following question incor 
rectly: "For which sex and at which 
age does masturbation occur most fre 
quently?" Fifty-five percent answered 
the following question incorrectly: 
"What does an unbroken hymen usual 
ly indicate?" 

When incorrect responses were 
grouped into broad categories and the 
number of inaccurate responses within 
a category averaged, the following top 
ics had the highest percentages of 
nurses giving incorrect responses: ho 
mosexuality (31 percent), masturbation 
(31 percent) and male reproductive 
organs (19 percent). When incorrect 
responses were classified under infor- 

JULY 1967 



Raw 

Score 


Fre 
quency 


Per 
centage 


Percentile 
Rank 


30 


1 


1% 


100 


29 


6 


8 


99 


28 


5 


7 


91 


27 


13 


17 


84 


26 


15 


20 


67 


25 


17 


23 


47 


24 


10 


13 


24 


23 


3 


4 


11 


22 








7 


21 


4 


5 


7 


20 


1 


1 


1 



Table I. 

Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks 
of Graduate Nurses on a Sex Knowledge 
Test 

mation about the male or the female, 
incorrect responses were given for 8 
questions about females and for 13 
questions about males. 

In Table II, the distribution of 
scores for male and female education 
and freshman students is shown. (Per 
centages have been rounded off.) For 
this distribution of scores, the mean 
was 23, the median 25, the mode 24. 
Quartile one was 22, and quartile 
three was 27. On the average, these 
students missed one question in four 
compared to the nurses one in six. 
More than 60 percent of the students 
had scores in the lowest quarter based 
on the nurses scores and 13 percent 
of the students had lower scores than 
any nurse. 

For purposes of comparison, all 
other scores were grouped into first, 
second, third and fourth quarters ac 
cording to standards set by the nurses. 
For analysis of item response, ques 
tions were grouped into main topics. 
Eighty-three percent of the students 
had scores judged to be inadequate 
on questions dealing with venereal dis 
ease. In the first quarter also were 
60 percent of the student scores on 
conception and 54 percent of the 
scores on masturbation. 

Table III shows the percentage of 
the students in each year and in each 
department who had scores in each 
quarter. In all cases there was a higher 
percentage of female students than 
males in the lowest quarter with a high 
of 86 percent of the freshmen and a 
low of 54 percent of the fifth-year fe 
male scores there. Sixty-nine percent 



of all females scored in the lowest 
quarter. On the other hand, only 7 
percent of all females had scores in the 
top quarter. Males were better in 
formed than females. In the first quar 
ter, male percentages ranged from 45 
percent to 81 percent with an average 
of 60 percent in the lowest quarter and 
19 percent in the fourth quarter. 

Only 24 percent of the males and 
7 percent of the females in elementary 
education, and 22 percent of the males 
and 10 percent of the females in secon 
dary education, had scores in the 
fourth quarter, while approximately 60 
percent of all prospective elementary 
teachers and 54 percent of the second 
ary education students in the sample 
had scores in the lowest quarter. 

Discussion 

In interpreting the above results the 
following limitations are recognized: 

1. Results are based on data gather 
ed from a voluntary sample of fresh 
men and education students and grad 
uate nurses and apply to this group 
only. 

2. For purposes of comparison, 
scores have been grouped into those 
that fall in each of the four quarters 
on the distribution of nurses scores. 
In this study it is assumed that stu 
dents whose scores fall in the first quar 
ter have inadequate information and 
that only students whose scores fall 
above the second quartile have even 
a fair degree of knowledge, while those 
in the fourth quarter might have ade 
quate knowledge for a prospective 
teacher. 

3. The questionnaire contained only 
30 items and thus information about 
all categories may be less than is de 
sirable. However, this initial study 
should reveal areas where further re 
search is needed. 

4. A high score on this question 
naire does not necessarily mean that 
an individual will be able to teach this 
material satisfactorily. 

As anticipated, the nurses averaged 
higher scores than either education 
students or freshmen, missing one 
question in six compared to one in 
four. Compared to the medical stu 
dents in the Sheppe and Main study, 
the nurses scores were lower. For all 
groups, however, masturbation was a 
topic on which many students were 
misinformed. The fact that nurses had 
more correct information about fe 
males than about males may bear a di 
rect relationship to the amount of in 
formation commonly available on the 
physiology of the male and the female. 
In general, it appears that members 
of the nursing profession do not have 
complete knowledge of the essentials 
needed for instruction in the physiol- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Raw 
Score 


Percentile Number of 
Rank Students 


Percentage of 
Students 


based 
nurses 


on 
scores 


female 


male 


female 


male 


total 


30 


100 


6 


4 


1% 


1% 


1% 


29 


99 


9 


21 


2 


6 


3 


28 


91 


22 


42 


4 


12 


8 


27 


84 


61 


41 


12 


11 


11.5 


26 


67 


65 


39 


12 


11 


11.5 


25 


47 


52 


46 


10 


13 


11.5 


24 


24 


75 


36 


14 


10 


12 


23 


11 


58 


33 


11 


9 


10 


22 


7 


46 


18 


9 


5 


7 


21 


7 


39 


22 


7 


6 


6.5 


20 


1 


29 


15 


5 


4 


4.5 


10-19 





66 


48 


13 


13 


13 



Fourth 
Quarter 
(28-30) 


Third 
Quarter 

(27) 


Second 
Quarter 
(26) 


First 
Quarter 
(25) 




male 


fe 
male 


male 


fe 
male 


male 


fe 
male 


male 


fe 
male 


el. ed. 


24% 


7% 


13% 


10% 


13% 


14% 


50% 


69% 


sec. ed. 


22 


10 


12 


16 


11 


11 


45 


63 


other 


3 


4 


8 


8 


8 


5 


81 


83 


1st yr. 


3 


2 


9 


8 


9 


4 


79 


86 


2nd yr. 


26 


6 


8 


14 


8 


13 


58 


67 


3rd yr. 


14 


5 


15 


9 


11 


14 


60 


72 


4th yr. 


24 


16 


4 


11 


13 


14 


59 


59 


5th/grad. 


26 


14 


15 


19 


13 


13 


46 


54 


total 


19 


7 


11 


12 


11 


12 


60 


69 


average 


(13) 


(11 


.5) 


(11 


.5) 


(11 


.5) 



Table II 

Distribution of Scores and Percentile Ranks on the Sex Knowledge 
Test: Numbers and Percentage of Male and Female Students 



Table 3 

Percentage of Male and Female Students by Year and Faculty 
Who Scored in Each Quarter on the Sex Knowledge Test 



ogy of sex, that is, information that 
every individual by the age of puberty 
should have gathered. 

Students in education did not score 
as high as nurses in general, and fresh 
man students scored much lower than 
other students. A larger percentage of 
males than females had high scores. 
The greatest lack of knowledge was 
on the subject of venereal disease, and 
more than half the students had low 
scores on questions dealing with mas 
turbation and conception. 

It is obvious, that when measured 
against nurses scores on a test com 
prised of items that should be common 
knowledge to any literate person in 
our society, students in the faculty of 
education generally had inadequate 
knowledge. This would be especially 
relevant should it become the respon 
sibility of the school to see that stu 
dents are provided with sex informa 
tion during their years in elementary 
or secondary school. 

Conclusion 

In this study, four-fifths of the stu 
dents who had graduated from high 
school and were now university fresh 
men had inadequate knowledege of the 
physiology of sex and held many mis 
conceptions, especially about venereal 
disease, masturbation and conception. 
Thus, one could assume that accurate 
information was not available to stu 
dents of elementary and secondary 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



school age represented by this sample. 

Three-fifths of the female and one- 
half of the male students in the sam 
ple who were training to be teachers 
scored in the lowest quarter. These 
people would not have even the es 
sential factual information necessary 
for instructing in sex knowledge. In 
addition, the nurses in the study ave 
raged one incorrect response in six. 
This is considered inadequate know 
ledge for persons in this field. 

It would appear, then, that both 
prospective teachers and nurses should 
be taught the basic facts about sex, if 
only to improve their own educational 
background on an essential topic. How 
ever, results of this study suggest 
that the school may have to assume 
responsibility for education in this 
area. The physiology of sex is, of 
course, only one aspect; but it is the 
easiest to present, and is basic to un 
derstanding the psychological and so 
ciological implications that should be 
presented in any course dealing with 
sex. 

References 

1. Curran, F.J. Psychotherapeutic problems 
at puberty. The American Journal of 
Orthopsychiatry, 10:510-521, July, 1940. 

2. Vincent, C.E. Unmarried mothers. New 
York, Free Press, 1961. 

3. U.S. Communicable Disease Center. 
Teenagers and venereal disease. Atlanta, 
Ga., 1961. 



4. Lief, H. Orientation of future physicians 
in psychosexual attitudes. In Calderone 
M. S. (ed.), Manual of contraceptive 
practice. Baltimore, Williams and Wil- 
kins, 1963. p.104-119. 

5. Greenbank, R. K. Are medical students 
learning psychiatry? Pennsylvania Med 
ical Journal, 64:989-992, 1961. 

6. Sheppe, Wm., Jr. and Hain, J. D. Sex 
and the medical student. The Journal 
of Medical Education, 41:5:457-464, 
May, 1966. 

7. McCreary, Anne P. Sex instruction for 
B.C. schools. The B.C. Teachers, 43:4: 
163-166, January, 1964. Q 



JULY 1967 



books 



Simplified Arithmetic for Nurses 

by Esther M. McClain, R.N., B.S., B.A., 
M.S. 108 pages. 1966. A W.B. Saunders 
publication, available in Canada from 
McAinsh and Co. Ltd., Toronto and 
Vancouver. 

Reviewed by Mrs. W. Wishlow, instruc 
tor, Royal Columbian Hospital School 
of Nursing, New Westminster, B.C. 

This 100-page, paperback book would 
serve well as an arithmetic text for students, 
or it could be used only by the instructor 
as a guide in teaching arithmetic. It would 
also serve as a handy text to help the indi 
vidual student who has difficulty in mas 
tering this subject. 

The author prefaces the text with the 
premise that a fundamental knowledge of 
simple arithmetic remains with the student 
as a result of sound elementary teaching 
in this subject. She presumes that a very 
brief review of this knowledge will increase 
the student s skill in using numbers. She 
states that the chief difficulties in arith 
metic in nursing are concerned with division 
of fractions and decimals, multiplication 
and division by 10, 100, 1000, etc., ratio 
and proportion, and changing numbers 
from one form to another e.g. percent 
ages to decimals, fractions, or ratio. Only 
one lesson is devoted to clearing up any 
difficulties that the student might have 
involving the above manipulation of num 
bers! 

In the preface the author states : "Ac 
curacy is concerned with performing each 
detail correctly, such as labeling quantities, 
putting decimal points in proper places, and 
calculating without making errors. Skill is 
concerned with speed in calculation, with 
rapid analysis of the problem and sure- 
ness of method. Skill depends upon suffi 
cient practice to insure proficiency in the 
field of numbers." 

Sufficient problems are provided through 
out the book to enable the student to 
become accurate and skillful in solving 
arithmetic problems related to nursing. Pre 
sentation of material is logical and well 
planned. No provision is made for labora 
tory work of any type but it is presumed 
that the teacher will use available facilities 
and equipment to make practice problems 
applicable to actual situations. Demonstra 
tions by teacher and students may be easily 
planned to meet the needs of the nursing 
student. 

The book offers a good presentation of 
both apothecaries and metric systems with 
many excellent diagrams to accompany 
these tables. The diagrams should help the 

JULY 1967 



student obtain the "mental picture" of all 
those elusive amounts that seem so vague 
to her when she first begins her struggle 
with grains, grams, minims, and milliliters. 
There is no mention made of the imperial 
system. 

The apothecaries and metric systems are 
dealt with in one lesson each. The lesson 
following these is on household measures 
and approximate equivalents. The fourth 
lesson on weights and measures may be 
used as a review or test on these tables 
and offers an excellent opportunity to stress 
the importance of knowledge, neatness, and 
accuracy all of which are so important 
in a course of this type. 

Eleven different types of problems are 
then presented in a series of lessons, each 
of which follows a similar plan: outline 
of the lesson, objectives, review of the 
previous lessons, explanation of new mater 
ial, practice problems, and assignment re 
lated to the new material. 

Only one method, solving by formula, 
is given for each type of problem. The 
author does not confuse the student by of 
fering more than a few very simple for 
mulas. 

A simple explanation of each formula 
is given and its application demonstrated, 
and although the student is required to use 
the formula method for solving all prob 
lems, this is not just blind memorization, 
for with each practice problem, she is 
asked to explain why she reasons thus. The 
words "think" and "tell why" occur over 
and over again in each lesson. 

There are many points about this book 
that will appeal to instructors who teach 
arithmetic. 

1. The number of problems in the prac 
tice sections and in the assignments never 
exceeds sixteen. This will provide sufficient 
intelligent repetition to ensure that each 
student attains a high level of skill and 
accuracy. 

2. Simplicity is stressed accuracy and 
skill are the main objectives. 

3. Two well-placed review lessons could 
serve as mid-term tests or exams. 

4. The last lesson is composed of three 
final tests designed to test the pupil s 
knowledge of the entire course. 

5. Answers are provided to all practice 
problems, assignments, and tests. 

6. Several pages at the back of the book 
are left blank for special notes and memos. 

7. The appendix entitled "Interesting and 
Intriguing Manipulations with Numbers" 
could perhaps be used as a happy climax 
to the course. It attempts to prove that 
numbers can be fun and relaxing! 



Nurse s Guide to Diagnostic Proce 
dures, 2d ed., Ruth M. French, 
M.A.M.T. (ASCP) 313p. McGraw-Hill, 
New York, 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Evelyn Adam, instruc 
tor, Institut Marguerite d Youville, Mon 
treal. 

This attractive and useful little book has 
been written for student and graduate 
nurses alike. The author states that the 
book is the result of numerous questions 
from nurses. She points out that one of 
the nurse s functions is to help the patient 
help himself and that this type of assistance 
often takes the form of intelligent answers 
to a patient s questions about diagnostic 
tests. 

The author s long experience as a medi 
cal technologist makes her an expert on this 
subject. She establishes a distinction between 
her field and that of the medical techni 
cian and the laboratory technician. 

The first section contains detailed infor 
mation on various laboratory tests. The 
second portion deals with radiology and 
radioisotope investigations. Subjects such 
as pneumoencephalography and ventricu- 
lography, for which nurses often consult 
reference books, are mentioned only briefly. 

Several diagrams and a 12-page glossary 
add to the value of the book. At the end 
of each chapter, the author lists additional 
sources of reference, which include profes 
sional nursing journals. This encourages the 
reader to make further investigations in his 
particular field. 



Essentials of Psychiatric Nursing, 7 ed., 
by Dorothy Mereness, R.N., Ed.D., and 
Louis J. Karnosh, B.S., Sc.D., M.D. 320 
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Mary Abt, supervisor, 
inservice education, Alberta Hospital, Pon- 
oka, Alberta. 

The seventh edition of this text has 
introduced some changes that increase its 
value. Its major limitation is the omis 
sion of a consideration of the adolescent 
in the psychiatric setting. 

Four notable changes have been made : 
1. Case reports have been developed with 
emphasis on the importance of under 
standing the behavior of the patient. This 
change makes the presentation more mean 
ingful to nurses. 2. A new chapter, "Be 
havior disorders occurring as a result of 
aging," has been added but contains no 
new concepts or material. 3. The section on 

(Continued on page 52) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 



(Continued from page 51) 

tranquilizers and antidepressants has been 
elaborated. 4. Additions have been made 
to the reference list at the end of the 
chapters. 

The photographs throughout the text 
appear impersonal, giving the reader the 
impression the nurse is uncertain and 
inadequate. Despite the limitations cited 
by this reviewer, the material is presented 
in a manner that is easily read and 
understood. 

The authors appear to have achieved the 
aim set forth in the preface. This is a 
valuable book for students who are having 
initial experience in psychiatric nursing. 

Textbook of Public Health Nursing 

by Ethel L. Kallins, R.N., B.S., M.P.H., 
480 pages. Washington, Mosby, 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Louise S. Brown, as 
sistant professor, University of Western 
Ontario School of Nursing, London, 
Ontario. 

This book is intended to assist the public 
health nurse to discern causal relationships 
and their effect on disease and health. The 
text is divided into five main sections: the 
need for public health; basic public health 
services in the community; newer public 
health services; organization and adminis 
tration of public health services; and the 
public health nurse on the interdisciplinary 
team. In sections two and three, the role 
of the public health nurse is given special 
emphasis at the completion of each section. 
In section five, the author devotes 25 pages 
to the public health nurse in the home 
and discusses the formulation of a plan, 
appraisal of family needs, setting of goals 
and evaluation of progress. Some attention 
is given to interviewing and counseling 
and nurse-patient interaction. This section 
also deals with public health nursing super 
vision and the education of public health 
personnel to meet future needs, and ends 
with a brief chapter on public health in 
the space age. 

Although the author states in her preface 
that the book is not intended as a com 
pendium of all known facts in the science 
of public health, the whole field of public 
health has been surveyed. The text does 
provide a description of public health ser 
vices in the world and most particularly 
in the United States. 

The guidelines and principles for public 
health nursing that the author provides 
are in the form of outlines of the role of 
the public health nurse and in the discus 
sion of the nursing care plans, evaluation 
process, and nurse-patient interaction in 
section five. The largest part of the text 

52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



is devoted to the historical development of 
the several special fields in public health. 
As well, the author demonstrates the appli 
cation of the problem-solving process in 
these fields. 

This text will be welcome as another 
addition to reference and resource mat 
erials on public health for nursing prac 
titioners and students. 

What s What for Children (4th ed.), 
Eve Kassirer (ed), for The Citizens Com 
mittee on Children. 96p. Beauregard 
Press, Ottawa, 1967. 

This unique handbook or directory has 
been designed to inform parents of some 
of the criteria experts use in making selec 
tions of children s cultural materials, and 
why. More specifically it was designed to 
help parents select a good record, book, 
toy, art material, and so on, for the right 
stage and interest of his child. Each section 
of this book, which was first published in 
1952, has a short introduction followed by 
selected listings with commentaries. These 
listings are followed by the name of the 
publisher or manufacturer, in some cases 
along with approximate price. 

Its publication has been the centennial 
project of the Citizens Committee on 
Children, an Ottawa - based organization. 
Edited by Mrs. Eve Kassirer, the book is 
the result of recent research, most of it 
previously unpublished. It contains the find 
ings, opinions, and recommendations of 20 
Canadian authorities in different fields. 

Topics range from toy buying, music for 
the preschool child, music discs for children, 
child art, creative drama, children s books, 
French for children, to an article on Family 
Life Education. The forthcoming centennial 
edition is the book s fourth and the editor 
has kept in mind that previous editions were 
used extensively by teachers, doctors, social 
and recreational workers, educators, manu 
facturers and retailers, as well, of course, 
as the parents for whom it was originally 
intended. 

Mrs. Polly Hill, Director of the Chil 
dren s Creative Centre, Expo 67, has written 
the introduction and is a member of the 
editorial board. Because of this link "What s 
What For Children" will be sold at the 
Canadian Pavilion as well as directly from 
the committee. 



films 



St. John Ambulance 

The Order of St. John has announced a 
new film on its history and work, titled 
St. John Ambulance in Canada. The 15- 
minute, black-and-white or color presenta 
tion was released for general distribution in 
Canada in April of this year. 



Sequences on home nursing and prepara 
tion of nursing assistants would interest 
most nursing groups. The film may be bor 
rowed from almost any branch of St. John 
Ambulance, or from the head office, Box 
88, Terminal A, Ottawa 2. 

Give A Good Injection 

Techniques of Parenteral Administration, 

an excellent film on nursing arts, demon 
strates proper methods of selecting sites and 
of giving injections. The American Nurses 
Association and the National League for 
Nursing supplied consultants for the film, 
which was produced by Becton, Dickinson 
and Company. 

The 26-minute film, in color, shows in- 
tradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and 
intravenous injection procedures. The meth 
od of selecting the dorsal gluteal (buttock) 
site is poorly done, but demonstration of 
the ventral gluteal (hip) injection area 
would help clarify use of this site. A third 
injection area on the thigh is also shown. 
Animated drawings show anatomical detail 
well so that basic principles can be readily 
understood. 

The intravenous methods show ways of 
taking blood samples and of starting IV 
solutions. 

The film would be especially valuable 
to students learning to give injections, but 
would also be valuable in refresher courses 
and possibly in inservice education pro 
grams. There are one or two rather unpro 
fessional scenes in one a technician 
wears blood-red nail polish but on the 
whole it is a first-class film. 

Becton, Dickinson Company, 2464 South 
Sheridan Way, Clarkson, Ontario will loan 
the film to interested nursing groups. 

Filmstrip 

If you use filmstrips, a new one prepared 
for maternity nurses might be helpful. The 
Positive Link, produced by Hollister Incor 
porated, shows how their identification 
bracelets should be used for proper mother- 
baby identification. 

The filmstrip runs 14 minutes and is ac 
companied by a recorded commentary. If 
your hospital uses the Hollister Ident-A- 
Band, the filmstrip would be useful for 
student groups and for inservice education. 
Information about loan or purchase may be 
obtained from the Hollister representative. 

Prize-winning Films 

Two Canadian films of interest to nurses 
recently won United States prizes for film 
excellence. 

Growing Up Safely, produced by the Ma 
ternal and Child Health Division of the 
Department of National Health and Wel 
fare, received the U.S. National Safety 
Council award in the Home Safety cate 
gory. 

The Third Eye, produced by Robert An 
derson Associates for Smith Kline & French 

JULY 1967 



Laboratories, won the Chris Award given 
each year by the Film Council of Greater 
Columbus (Ohio). 

Both these films are excellent teaching 
tools, and would be of real value to nurses. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material receiv 
ed recently in the CNA library are shown 
in language of source. The majority (refer 
ence material and theses, indicated by R, 
excepted) may be borrowed by CNA mem 
bers, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
55) and should be addressed to: The Li 
brary, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The 
Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. ANA clinical sessions, 1966 San Fran 
cisco. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 
1967. 272p. R 

2. Annotated guide to health instruction 
materials in Canada. 2d ed. Ottawa, Can 
adian Health Education Specialists Society, 
1967. 105p. R 

3. An annotated list of the legislative acts 
concerning higher education in Ontario 
compiled by Robin S. Harris. Toronto, 
Innis College, University of Toronto, 1966. 
79 p. 

4. A book of French quotations with 
English translations compiled by Norbert 
Guterman. Garden City, N.Y., Anchor 
Books, 1965, C1963. 474p. R 

5. The careful writer; a modern guide to 
English usage by Theodore M. Bernstein. 
New York, Atheneum, 1965. 487p. R 

6. Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and 
specialties (Canada) 1967. 3d ed. Toronto, 
Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1967. 
820p. R 

7. Criteria for the appraisal of bacca 
laureate and higher degree programs in 
nursing. New York, National League for 
Nursing. Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs, 1967. lip. 

8. The curriculum and the disciplines of 
knowledge; a theory of curriculum practice 
by Arthur R. King and John A. Brownell. 
New York, Wiley, c!966. 22 Ip. 

9. Design with type by Carl Dair. Toron 
to, University of Toronto Press, 1967. 
162p. R 

10. Developing the art of understanding 
by Margaret Anne Johnson. New York, 
Springer, c!967, 230p. 

11. The development and enforcement of 
the collective agreement by C.H. Curtis. 
Kingston, Industrial Relations Centre, 
Queen s University, 1966. 115p. 

12. Le dictionnaire des citations du mon- 

JULY 1967 



de enlier; jeux de lettres de Lucien Meys 
par Karl Petit. Verviers, Belgique, Gerard, 
c!960. 478p. R 

13. A digest of provincial labor laws 
governing municipal and provincial em 
ployees in Canada by Richard L. Salik. 
Chicago, Public Personnel Association, 
c!966. 107p. 

14. Education for the health professions; 
a comprehensive plan for comprehensive 
care to meet New York s needs in an age 
of change. Report of New York State 
Committee on Medical Education, Albany, 
N.Y., New York State Education Dept., 
1963. 114p. 

15. Education for nursing practice. Report 
of the 1966 Arden House Conference. Al 
bany, N.Y., New York State Nurses Asso 
ciation, 1966. 52p. 

16. Essentials for patients libraries; a 
guide. New York, United Hospital Fund 
of New York, c!966. 103p. 

17. Everyman s United Nations. 7th ed. 
New York, United Nations, 1964. 638p. R 

18. Guide for in-service education of 
nursing personnel by Ingrid Hamelin. Gen 
eva, World Health Organization, 1967. 
54p. 

19. Guidelines for research in clinical 
nursing by Lorna W. Thigpen. New York, 
National League for Nursing, Division of 
Nursing Education, 1967. 32p. 

20. The hospital people; a report by Blue 
Cross. Chicago, Blue Cross Association, 
1967. 80p. 

21. How to run more effective business 
meetings by B.Y. Auger. London, Business 
Communications Division, 3M Co., c!964. 
157p. 

22. Laws affecting nurses economic 
security. New York, American Nurses As 
sociation, Economic Security Unit., 1967. 
Iv. (loose-leaf). 

23. Leading ladies Canada by Jean Ban- 
nerman. Dundas, Ont., Carrswood, 1967. 
332p. R 

24. The legacy of Nightingale; a consider 
ation of some of the problems of nurs 
ing staff in Welsh hospitals today by Anne 
Crichton and Marion P. Crawford. Cardiff, 
Wales, Welsh Hospital Board, Welsh Hos 
pital Staff Committee, 1966. 140p. 

25. Le malade mental, le travail et la 
societe. Rapport du colloque, 8-9 novembre 
1966. Redaction Jean-Marc Bordeleau et B. 
Baston Gravel. Montreal, Hopital Saint- 
Jean-de-Dieu, 1967. 2 lip. 

26. Medical and nursing dictionary and 
encyclopaedia 13th ed. by Evelyn Pearce. 
London, Faber, 19666. 578p. R 

27. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Papers presented at the conference held in 
New York, N.Y. Nov. 8-10, 1965. New 
York, National League for Nursing. Dept. 
of Hospital Nursing Service, 1967. 55p. R 

28. Operation decision: community plan 
ning for nursing in the west, annual con- 

(Continued on page 54) 




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and Mt. Sinai Hospital where 
nurses earn $500 a month be 
ginning salaries and where 
there are challenging job and 
educational opportunities. This 
532-bed teaching institution is 
located in the center of the 
city s cultural and educational 
activities. For more informa 
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CE. 



THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 

University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 



53 



accession list 



ference of the Western Region Council of 
State Leagues for Nursing. Las Vegas, Nev., 
Jan. 16-18, 1967. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 50p. 

29. The Penguin dictionary of quotations 
by J.M. Cohen and M.J. Cohen. Harmonds- 
worth, Middlesex, Penguin Books, c!960. 
663p. 

30. Proceedings of work conference on 
survey techniques for school visitors, Kan 
sas City, Jan. 28-Feb. 1, 1964. New York, 
American Nurses Association, Committee 
of State Boards of Nursing, 1964. 217p. 

31. Prophylaxie des maladies transmis 
sible* a I homme. lOieme ed. New York, 
Amer. Hlth Association. 1965; Adaptation 
francaise. Ottawa, Ministere de la Sante 
nationale et du Bien-etre social, 1966. 359p. 

32. Quo Vadis School of Nursing, Tor 
onto Report, 1966/67. Toronto, 1967. 21 p. 

33. The research process in nursing by 
David J. Fox and Ruth Lundt Kelly with 
a foreward by Lucille Notter. New York, 
Appleton-Century-Crofts, c!967. 611. 

34. The standard periodical directory 
1967. 2d ed. New York, Oxbridge,. 1967. 
1019p. R 

35. State approved schools of nursing 



R.N. meeting minimum requirements set by 
law and board rules in the various juris 
dictions 1967. 25th ed. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Research and Studies 
Service, 1967. 107p. 

36. Writing book reviews by John E. 
Drewry. Boston, The Writer, 1966. 230p. 

PAMPHLETS 

37. Accreditation in nursing; bacca 
laureate and higher degree programs. Wash 
ington, National Commission on Accredit 
ing, 1966. 5p. 

38. Cout de la main-d oeuvre au Canada. 
Etude des salaires, des prix, des profits et 
de la productivite. Ottawa, Congres du Tra 
vail du Canada, 1966. 41p. 

39. The importance of nursing practice 
in the development of nursing theory by 
Lucy H. Conant, Syracuse, N.Y., 1966. 9p. 

40. Manual for hospital patients libraries. 
Vancouver, British Columbia Library Asso 
ciation. Hospital Library Committee, 1966. 
lip. 

41. Nursing care of the cardiac patient. 
Selected papers from the Clinical Nursing 
Conference, 3d, Miami Beach, Florida, Oct. 

1965. New York, American Nurses Asso 
ciation and American Heart Association, 

1966. 12p. 

42. The nursing process by Florence S. 
Wald. New Haven, Conn., 1965. 13p. 

43. Practical nursing education to-day; 



report of the 1965 survey of 722 practical 
nursing programs. New York, National 
League for Nursing. Dept. of Practical 
Nursing Programs, 1966. 33p. 

44. The selecting and registering of mu 
seum materials; a guide for the small region 
al museum by Georges MacBeath. A paper 
read at the Conference of New Brunswick 
historical societies at Moncton, Oct. 13, 
1963. Moncton, N.B., New Brunswick Mu 
seum, 1962? 16p. 

45. A statment of functions and qualifi 
cations for the practice of public health 
nursing in Canada. Toronto, Canadian Pub 
lic Health Association, 1967. 34p. 

46. Story of the Saskatchewan Student 
Nurses Association by Linda Long. Regina, 
1967. 2p. R 

47. The technical requirements of small 
museums by Raymond O. Harrison. Ottawa, 
Canadian Museums Associations, 1966. 27p. 

48. Technique of union catalogues; a 
practical guide by Silvere Willemin. Paris, 
UNESCO, c!966. 26p. 

49. Who is the nurse; who are the others? 
an analysis of the future of nursing by 
Eleanor C. Lambertsen. Albany, N.Y., New 
York State Nurses Association, 1966. 3p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Alberta 

50. Women s Cultural and Information 
Bureau. Laws of interest to women of Al- 








CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 




Turns 
consume 
93 times their 
own weight 
in excess 
stomach 
acid! 



think how (ast they ll work 
on your tummy upsets! 



Laboratory tests show Turns neu 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go to work 
in 4 secondson gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Turns a try. 
They re worth their weight in gold! 




54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



accession list 



berta. Rev. Edmonton, Queen s Printer, 

1967. 23 p. 

Canada 

51. Bureau of Statistics. Mental health 
statistics. Trends in hospital care and pa 
tient characteristics, 1955-63. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1966. 37p. 

52. . Tuberculosis statistics 1965. 

v.2 Institutional facilities, services and fi 
nances. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 52p. 

53. Conseil Economique du Canada. Vers 
une amelioration de la communication entre 
patrons et travailleurs. Ottawa, Imprimeur 
de la Reine, 1967 12p. 

54. Dept. of Labour. Women s Bureau. 
Maternity protection for women workers in 
Canada by Sheila Woodsworth. Ottawa, 
1967. 63p. 

55. Economic Council of Canada. 
Towards better communications between 
labour and management. Ottawa, Queen s 
Printer, 1967. 12p. 

56. Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices. Sociological factors affecting recruit 
ment into the nursing profession by R.A.N. 
Robson. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
244p. 

57. Special Committee on Acetylsali- 
cylic Acid Poisoning. Report to the Food 



and Drug Directorate, Dept. of National 
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, 1967. 34p. 
Nova Scotia 

58. Dept. of Labour. Economics and 
Research Division. Collective agreement 
survey in Nova Scotia hospitals. Halifax, 
1966. 30p. 

Quebec 

59. Commission d Enquete sur la Sante 
et le Bien-etre social. La Commission. Que 
bec, 1967. 40p. 

United Stales 

60. Dept. of Interior. Bureau of Land 
Management. Gobbledygook has gotta go 
by John O Hayre. Washington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1966. 113p. R 

61. Dept. of Labour. Bureau of Labour 
Statistics. Major collective bargaining agree 
ments; management rights and union-man 
agement co-operation. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 69p. 

62. National Center for Health Statistics. 
Health resources statistics; health manpower, 

1965. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 

1966. 102p. 

63. National Institute of Mental Health. 
Community mental health; individual adjust 
ment or social planning. A symposium, 
Ninth Inter-American Congress of Psychol 
ogy, Dec. 18, 1964, Miami, Florida. Wash 
ington, U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1966. 82p. 

64. National Institute of Neurological 
Diseases and Blindness. Eye Research. 
Washington, United States Government 



Printing Office. 1966, 44 pages. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA 
REPOSITORY COLLECTION 

65. An experimental study of two recom 
mended methods of caring for infants with 
diaper dermatitis by Donna Avanell Hum 
phries. Washington, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) 
Washington, 70p. R 

66. An exploratory study to identify the 
mother s perception of her child s health 
readiness for school by Myrna Slater. Min 
neapolis, Minn., 1966. Thesis (M.P.H.) 
Minnesota. 92p. R 

67. The relation between information 
given to patients and their recovery post- 
operatively by Margaret E. Hooton. Mon 
treal, 1966. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) 
McGill University. 47p. R 

68. A study of the number, reason for 
and the head nurse s feelings about patient 
transfers in a psychiatric unit of a general 
hospital by Evelyn Rocque. Montreal, 1963. 
Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) McGill Uni 
versity. 45p. R 

69. A study of some aspects of the nurs 
ing role-image held by general staff nurses 
in three hospitals by Joan M. Gilchrist. 
Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M. Sc. (Applied)) 
McGill University, 97p. R 

70. A study of the behavior of nursing 
students during a categorization task by 
Jocelyne Legris. Montreal, 1965. Thesis 
(M. Sc. Appl.) McGill University. 665p. R 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 



Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 



Direct Inquiries to: 
Director of Nurses 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 



Halifax, Nova Scotia 



A-5300 



Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES- 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 
SO The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 

Borrower 

Reg istration No 

Position 

Address 

Date of request 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda 
tion available, MSI and Blue Cross in effect. Salary 
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra 
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 

1-59-1 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for 52-bed General 
Hospital situated 125 miles east of Edmonton. Town 
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in 
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator, 
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberta. 

1-90-2 

Registered Nurses required for a 51 -bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick .leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 



Salary $380-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 

1 CO f . 




R.N. needed for General Duty, in 16- bed hospital, 
100 miles North of Calgary, on paved Highway. 
Summer resort 16 miles. Position has opportunity 
of advancement to Director of Nursing. Apply Elnora 
General Hospital, Elnora, Alberta. 1-35-1A 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 




BRITISH COLUMBIA 



NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exceptions of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-t 



General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1-14-3 A 



General Duty Nurses for 100-bed hospital located 
close to Edmonton. Salary $380-$450 per month. 
Apply: Sister M. Cecilia, Director of Nursing, St. 
Mary s Hospital, Camrose, Alberta. 1-15-3 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A 



General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1A 



General Duty Nurses (2) required for Modern Active 
Treatment 27-bed hospital. Accommodation available 
in new nurses residence. Town is situated 17 miles 
from Jasper National Park. Salary scale $380-$45Q 
per month, plus recognition for experience. For 
further information contact: Director of Nursing, HIN- 
TON MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL, Hinton, Alberta. 1-47-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-61-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General 
Hospital. Salary $380-$450 past experience recog 
nized. Shift differential for afternoons and nights. 
Accommodation available in nurses residence. Ap 
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni 
cipal, Hospital Vermilion, Alberta. 1-90-2A 



General Duty Nurses for new 50-bed active General 
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmonton on main highway. Salary range $380 to 
$450 with recognition given for experience. Full 
maintenance available in nurses residence for $45 
per month. Positions available for both summer 
relief and permanent employment. For further in 
formation please write to: Mrs. E. Harvie, R.N., 
Lacombe General Hospital, Lacombe, Alberta. 

1-54-1A 



Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, B.C., invites B.C. 
Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply for 
positions in Medicine, Surgery and Psychiatry. Apply 
to : Director of Nursing. Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 

Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405- $481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply. Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 



Registered Nurse with proven O.R. experience for 

l /2 time service in O.R., Vz time to establish in- 
service training programs, for small perifera! hospi 
tals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. 1, Hope, British 
Columbia. 2-30-1A 



B.C. R.N. for General Duty In 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 3 1 -bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses residence available. 
Apply in writing to: Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1 968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel policies according 1o 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 




56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



General Duty Nurses for modern 85-bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi 
ence. Industry gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 



General Duty Nurses (2 immediately) for active, 
26-bed hospital in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, 
90 miles from Banff and Lake Louise. Accommoda 
tion available in attractive nurses residence. Apply 
giving full details of training, experience, etc. to: 
Administrator, Windermere District Hospital, Inver- 
mere, British Columbia. 2-31-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary non B.C. 
registered $375 per month B.C. registered $390- 
$466, depending on experience. RNABC policies in 
effect. Nurses residence available. Group Medical 
Health Plan. All winter and summer sports. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Cariboo Memorial Hospital, Wil 
liams Lake, British Columbia. 2-80-1 A 

JULY 1967 



diploma or degree nurse 




Go South to Syracuse and See! 



You II find friends at State University 
Hospital of the Upstate Medical Center 
at Syracuse, a modern 350-bed teaching 
hospital in the Canadians favorite U.S 
city. 

You II also find a helpful administration, 
professional level salaries (up to $6.476 
to start, depending on your qualifying 
education and experience). 



Fine benefits, too Eleven paid holidays, 
13 to 20 paid vacation days, sound three- 
way health insurance plan and special 
collegiate education programs- 
Above all. you ll find patient-centered 
educational atmosphere in which you ll 
best have the opportunity to be the kind 
of nurse you want to be. and receive the 
rewards you deserve. 



STATE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF THE UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER AT SYRACUSE. N.Y. 




7CN-67 



Miss Adele Wright, R.N. 

State University Hospital ot the 
Upstate Medical Center at 
Syracuse, New York, U.S.A. 13210 



I am interested: 

D Send me full information, please 
D I d like to talk with you when I m in Syracuse 

(date) (time) 

Q Please send me application forms 

Name 

Address 

City 



_Province_ 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



MANITOBA 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for well-equipped 48-bed 
General Hospital in the Okanagan Valley. RNABC 
policies in effect. Apply to: Director of Nursing, St. 
Martin s Hospital, Oliver, British Columbia. 2-50-1. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$31 1 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 

f- _ I . 1 1 1 A 



Columbia. 



2-2- J A 



General Duty O. R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwock General Hospital, Chill iwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 



General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434- bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex- 
perienc? and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

General Duty and experienced Operating Room 
Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in northwestern B.C. 
1967 salaries: B.C. Registered $405, General Duty 
B.C. Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $50 /m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, British 
Columbia. 2-76-5 



GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



MANITOBA 



Assistant Director of Nurses for an active 33-bed 
hospital situated on number one highway. Enqui 
ries should include experience, qualifications and 
salary expected. Personnel policies will be sent on 
request. Apply to: Mrs. L.I. Walton, Virden District 
Hospital, Box 400, Virden, Manitoba. 3-67-1 

Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchl.., Manitoba. 

3-75-1 



Registered Nurse: Position available, effective as soon 
as possible, at GLENBpRO HOSPITAL a 1 6-bed 
hospital, located 100 miles west of Winnipeg on 
No. 2 Highway. Excellent residence accommodation 
available. Starting salary January 1, 1967 $395 
per month. Increments allowed for experience. Per 
sonnel Policy Manual and application forms on 
request with no obligation. Please forward all en 
quiries to: Mr. S. A. Oleson, Box 130, Glenboro, 
Manitoba. Telephone No. 115 or No. 17. 3-28-1 A 



Registered Nurse and Licensed Practical Nurse requir 

ed for 10-bed hospital, 65 mites from Winnipeg, 
in the Whiteshell resort area. Salary range R.N. 
$405-$480; L.P.N. $275-$310, Consideration given for 
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further 
information address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson, 
Matron, Whitemouth District Hospital, Whitemouth, 
Manitoba. 3-70-2 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses 
required for 21-bed hospital at Rouburn, Manitoba. 
Salary! R.N. i-$395-$480, L.P.N. i-$275-$315. Good 
personnel policies. For further information contact 
(Mn.) A. M. Stitt, D.O.N., Rouburn Medical Nun. 
Ing Unit, Rouburn, Manitoba. 3-49*1 

58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Case Room Supervisor wanted for 1 1 1-bed Mater 
nity Hospital. Apply: Director of Nursing, Grace 
Maternity Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-3 



Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modem conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 

Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:; Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



Assistant Director of Public Health Nursing for ex 

panding Health Unit, generalized program in Wet 
land County. Duties to commence at mutual conve 
nience, salary open, usual allowances and fringe 
benefits. App|y to: Director, Wei land and District 
Health Unit, King Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 

7-141-2 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING SUPERVISOR Applica 
tions sought for supervisory positions with Sudbury 
and District Health Unit. Requires Diploma in ad 
vanced Public Health Nursing and Supervision or 
Baccalaureate degree with administration. For details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5B 



Assistant Supervisor, Public Health Nursing, for ac 
tive, progressive Health Unit, with generalized pro 
grams. A challenging opportunity for creative per 
son with good knowledge of Public Health nursing. 
Considerable experience in this field essential, and 
course in Administration or Degree desirable. Year 
round sports paradise and seat of progressive Uni 
versity and Community College. Apply: Director, 
Fort William and District Health Unit, 900 Arthur 
Street, Fort William, Ontario. 7-47-4 



Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained opts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 

Registered Nurses; Basic salary $400 per month, and 
full maintenance $45/m. Supervisory advancement 
opportunities. Resident accommodations available; 
Hospital situated in tourist town off Lake Huron. 
For further information write: Superintendent, Sou- 
geen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 

7-122-1 



REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 6 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply toi Dlrec* 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to; Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

.Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36 bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 

7-1 40- IB 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to; Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 7-5-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontorio. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario, 

7-26-1 A 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 123-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $400 
and $255 respectively with regular increments for 
both. Usual fringe benefits. For full information, 
apply to: Director of Nursing, Duffer in Area Hos 
pital, Orangeville, Ontario. Phone 941-2410. 7-90-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

required for 215-bed accredited hospital. For salary 
rates and personnel policies apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, Ont. 

7-118-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 
Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37. Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

JULY 1967 




CANADA S INDIANS AND ESKIMOS 
NEED YOUR HELP 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 

CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 

A CAREER 

WITH 

MEDICAL SERVICES 

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information, write to : 

MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



ST. JOSEPH S 

HOSPITAL 

HAMILTON, 

ONTARIO 

A modern, progressive hospital, 
located in the centre of Ontario s 
Golden Horseshoe 
invites applications for 

GENERAL STAFF 
NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Immediate openings are avail 
able in Operating Room, Psy 
chiatry, Intensive Care Coro 
nary Monitor Unit, Obstetrics, 
Medical, Surgical and Paediatrics. 

For further information write to: 
THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Hamilton, Ontario 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario, Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty for 166-bed 
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, salary 
commensurate with experience and ability. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula Sana 
torium, Box 158, St. Catharines, Ontario. 7-111-2 

REGISTERED NURSES required FOR GENERAL DUTY in 

a modern fully accredited 300-bed hospital. Excellent 
working conditions, good personnel policies, 40 hour 
week, 9 statutory holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion. Apply giving full particulars to: Personnel 
Director, Genera! Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 

7-115-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7- 127-4 A 




General Duty Nurses for active General 77-bed Hos 
pital in heart of Muskoka Lakes area: salary range 
$400- $460 with consideration for previous experience; 
excellent personnel policies and fringe benefits:nurses 
residence available. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Huntsville District Memorial Hospital, Huntsville, On 
tario. 7-59-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meafora^ Ontario. 7-79-1 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario, 7-99-2 

Public Health Nurse for active, progressive Health 
Unit with generalized programme. Salary $5200 - 
$6500 per annum; four weeks vacation after one 
year; usual employee benefits. Apply to Supervisor 
of Public Health Nursing, Fort William and Dis 
trict Health Unit, 900 Arthur Street, Fort William, 
Ontario. 7-47-4 

Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 

60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Qualified Public Health Nurse! required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 

Public Health Nurses General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 

Public Health Nurse* (qualified). Salary $5,100- 
$6,350. Car allowance, employer-shared OMERS 
Pension Plan, Hospital, Surgical and Medical Plans, 
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, 4 weeks vaca 
tion and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart, 
Secretary-Treasurer, Wentworth County Health Unit, 
Court House, Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-14 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R.V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 

Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101 -4A 

Public Health Nurses for expanding Health Unit, 
generalized program, in Welland County, duties to, 
commence at mutual convenience. For personnel 
policies, salaries and other information. Apply to: 
Director, Welland and District Health Unit, King 
Street at Fourth, Welland, Ontario. 7-141-2 A 

Vacancies for Staff Public Health Nurses. Salary 
range $5,207 to $6,598. Usual benefits, for details 
apply: The Director, Sudbury and District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 7-127-5A 



QUEBEC 



OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



Director of Nursing for a modern 36-bed hospital. 
Position open August 1, 1967. This hospital is fully 
air conditioned and opened in 1964. A suite is 
available in a new residence. Salary is in accor 
dance with the SRNA recommendations. Apply stat 
ing qualifications and salary expected to: Mr. J. L. 
Fawcett, Administrator, Rosetown Union Hospital, 
Rosetown, Saskatchewan. 10-111-1 

Director of Nurses required for 18-bed hospital with 
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodation 
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan, 
personnel policies and other fringe benefits. Pro 
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon 
with all transportation services. Salary open to 
negotiation. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected and address to: 
The Administrator, Davidson Union Hospital, Box 
460 Davidson, Saskatchewan. 10-23-1 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

General Duty Nurses urgently needed for 41-bed 
hospital at lie a la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan. 
Hospital attractively located on Lake Side and ser 
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended 
schedule plus generous northern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the hospital at low 
rate. Applications to be sent to the Administrator, 
St. Joseph s Hospital, Me a la Crosse, Saskatche 
wan. 10-48-1 



SASKATCHEWAN 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

10- 11 6-4 A 



UNITED STATES 

REGISTERED NURSES: 250-bed General Hospital, ex 
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance, 
Retirement Program all hospital paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur 
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5-4A 

OR SUPERVISOR: immediate challenging career ap 
pointment in stimulating San Francisco Boy area. 
Cultural and recreational advantages in ideal cli 
mate vicinity. Completely modern general hospital. 
Professional satisfaction in supervision of active 
surgery. Experience at supervisor and /or head 
nurse level preferred. Salary open. Liberal and in 
clusive fringe benefits including hospitalization, life 
insurance, retirement, disability compensation, holi 
day pay, sick leave to 30 paid days, vacation to 
four weeks with pay. Systematic increases. For 
further information write or telephone collect: Di 
rector of Nursing, Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot 
Road, Castro Valley, California. Area Code 415-537- 
1234. 15-5-13 

REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical. Labor and Delivery, Nursey, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

Staff Nurses needed for care of orthopedically han 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene 
fits. Living quarters available. Write : Eleanor 
Baird, Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Street, Los 
Angeles, California. 15-5-3-0 

REGISTERED NURSES Do You: Like people? Have a 
friendly outgoing personality? Want closer contacts 
with patients? Would You: Like to make a contribu 
tion to society by helping psychiatric patients be 
come useful citizens again? Be interested in learning 
more about the modern treatment methods for 
psychiatric patients? Enjoy working in a lively 
progressive atmosphere? Then: We need you on 
our staff at Kings View Hospital, Reedley, Califor 
nia. A 55-bed privately operated Community Mental 
Health Center in Central California. Weekend driv 
ing distance to Los Angeles and San Francisco. 
Easy access to the Pacific Ocean and Sierra Nevada 
Mountains. Starting annual salary of $6,720 for 
experienced R.N. Regular yearly increments for five 
years. Two weeks paid vacation-three weeks after 
three years. Seven paid holidays. Sick leave. Group 
hospitalization insurance. Orientation and inservice 
program. Contact: Director of Nursing, Kings View 
Hospital, P.O. Box 631, Reedley, Calif. 93654. 15-5-73 

REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Deportment, 1600 Divisadero Street, Son 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 

Professionnal Nurses for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Santa Monica, California. 15-5-40 

JULY 1967 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES 

(experienced) 

a/so 

STAFF NURSES 

required for 

THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

operating: 

A GENERAL HOSPITAL 
A HOSPITAL FOR CONVALESCENT 

AND CHRONIC PATIENTS 

A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL 

A TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 
or phone 385-5341 




NURSES! An opportunity to 

GIVE and to RECEIVE 
SOMETHING OF VALUE 

You may have the satisfaction of contributing a 
valuable service with scope for promotion, and op 
portunity for sponsorship of further education in the 
following positions: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING EDUCATION 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSE IN OPERATING 

ROOM OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

Planned orientation and an active Staff Development 
Programme for all nursing staff. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, 

STRATFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL 

The Festival City 

of 
Stratford, Ontario. 



ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA 

Active treatment hospital complex of 800 beds, with an additional 
213 bed Children s Pavilion, opening in June, 1967. Services include 
a Women s Pavilion, Emergency and Out Patient Services, and 29 
bed Intensive Care Unit. Intensive Care Employees are given a 20- 
hour inservice program. Professional staff and certified nursing aides 
are paid a salary commensurate with previous experience and ad 
ditional responsibilities imposed in the department. 

POSITIONS AVAILABLE: 

Evening Supervisor Children s Pavilion 

Head Nurses Surgery 

General Staff Nurses for all services. 

This modern Hospital provides excellent working conditions with 
current personnel policies. General staff nurse Salary $380-$450 
with recognition for experience and post basic education. 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses wanted for 78- bed General Hos 
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to : The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann s 
Hospital, 419 - 6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801 . 

15-2-3 

REGISTERED NURSES for expanding hospital with 
five Medical centers in Maine seacoast area. Ex 
cellent Medical Staff, facilities, salary and fringe 
benefits. Unexcelled opportunity for outdoor sports 
and recreation. Openings in surgery, obstetrics, in 
tensive care, supervisory positions and general 
duty. Contact: Director of Nurses, Maine Coast 
Memorial Hospital, Ellsworth, Maine. 15-19-1 

Supervising Nurse. V.N.A. Established agency in 
city-county of 200,000 population. 3 nursing schools. 
Collegiate nursing school to be started. Good per 
sonnel policies and fringe benefits. 2 hours from 
Port Huron; 1 l /s hours from Detroit and Ann Arbor. 
Coordinated Home Care Program. Write V.N.A., 522 
Cass Street, Saginaw, Michigan 48602 15-23-13 

Registered Nurses: For ICAH General Accredited 
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York 
City. Liberal benefits include four week vacation 



after one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Cross 
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with 
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement. 
Apply fo: Personnel Director, St. Clare s Hospital 
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 15-33-11 



ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR NURSING SERVICE. 

Challenging growth opportunity for imaginative, 
capable nursing service administrator in position 
of Assistant Administrator for Nursing Services at 
Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. This 
position requires a creative, highly motivated per 
son with top qualifications, graduate education and 
productive experience. Full authority and responsibi 
lity in the administration of all nursing services, de 
velopment of organization, and initiation of programs. 
Member of Administrative Council with commensurate 
authority and status. Excellent economic considerations 
at Assistant Administrator level. A 500-bed general, 
acute teaching hospital with 360 additional beds 
under construction. Located in progressive capital 
and university city. Minimum of staffing problems. 
Personnel policies and wage program very attractive. 
Hospital and position have high and growing pres 
tige. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful 
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O, Mans 
field, DR. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist 
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, 
Ohio 43214. 15-36-5 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also-been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as art exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A5001, University Hospital, 

University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 

more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



THE MONCTON 
HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
requires a 

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 
OPERATING ROOM CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

Salary commensurate with qual 
ifications and experience with 
all fringe benefits. 

Apply in writing, giving full 
particulars to: 

Director of Nursing 

THE MONCTON HOSPITAL 

Moncton, New Brunswick 



Applications are invited for 
the position of 

DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

at 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH 
HOSPITAL, TORONTO 

This position carries responsibility for the 
co-ordination of all facets of nursing ac 
tivity within this 500-bed chronic and 
convalescent hospital. This progressive in 
stitution has far-reaching expansion plans, 
and the successful applicant will find 
this a challenge appointment. 
Preference will be given the applicant 
holding a Master s or Bachelor s Degree 
in Nursing, and experience in Nursing 
service on applicable level. Liberal salary 
scale and fringe benefits are in effect. 
A well-furnished apartment in residence 
is available. 

Applications, or requests for ad 
ditional information should be ad 
dressed to: 

The Administrator 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SCARBOROUGH GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Scarborough, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into 
a Three point program of patient care; 

1. TUBERCULOSIS 

2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT 

3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 

This will be a challenging opportunity for someone 
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne 
gotiated, full benefit program in effect. 

Apply to: 

Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins 
Medical Director 

ONGWANADA SANATORIUM 

790 Princess Street 
Kingston, Ontario 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered -- $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 

Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Philip Rickard, Secretary 

Edith Cavell Regional 

School of Nursing 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



NURSING ADVISOR 

Applications are invited 
for the 

Position of Nursing Advisor 

This is a newly created opening. There 
is a desire to expand the services of 
fered and to give effective leadership re 
lated to changing educational programs. 
Desirable qualifications: Bachelor s or 
Master s Degree and experience in Nurs 
ing Service and Nursing Education. Sal 
ary negotiable. 

Address enquiries to: 
Miss Nancy Watson, Executive Secretary 

REGISTERED NURSES 

ASSOCIATION OF 

NOVA SCOTIA 

6035 Coburg Road 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES for sunny California. Excit 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa 
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Staff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos 
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call collect 805 327-1792. 15-5-5A 

Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now! Staff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Rood, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 l h hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 



Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 1 7, 
California. 15-5-3B 



NURSES ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. New Accredited 
99-bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus 
Differentia!, Liberal Benefits Contact Director 
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035 
Coliseum St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



UNITED STATES 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 
Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-11 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $5004550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $5204570 per month. In 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest s largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330- 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 

GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 

REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Core and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 

STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E, Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 

JULY 1967 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

ir Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

* Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

* Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

* Liberal personnel policies 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

W/7/ require 

TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director,School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



ASSISTANT 
DIRECTOR 

of 
NURSING EDUCATION 

Applicants are invited for this 
position in a new and well 
equipped School of Nursing 
building. New curriculum for an 
Independent School being de 
veloped. Total enrollment of 150- 
200 students. Salaries and Fringe 
Benefits at Metropolitan level. 
Qualifications B.Sc.N. with 
experience in Nursing Education. 

CLINICAL TEACHERS 

in Psychiatric Nursing, Paediatric 
Nursing and Fundamentals of 
Nursing required to assist in new 
program. 

Qualifications B.Sc.N. or Di 
ploma in Nursing Education. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

BRANTFORD GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Brantford, Ontario 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 




There s a 

better way 

to go! 



Presbyterian has the answer to your hopes 
. . . your dreams. It s right here in our 
modern, expanding hospital. We have the 
finest facilities to enhance your career in 
nursing. Here in our high, dry, sunny cli 
mate with educational and cultural oppor- 
tun ities galore, I if e takes on added zest 
and meaning. In fact there s a whole new 
way of I ife here in one of the fastest 
growing metropolitan areas of the South 
west. Choose Presbyterian where your skill 
and individual contributions are appreciated. 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE. NEW MEXICO 87106 

** Starting salary to $555.00 a month , 

** 500 bed hospital 

irk Personal orientation program 

k k Liberal fringe benefits 

Ifk Continuing educational programs 

*"*" Airline travel paid 

trk Career advancement opportunities 

** Two universities 

*** Twenty minutes from nearby moun 
tains 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 

Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-9411, 
Ext. 219) 

I Mrs. Susan Dicke, Director of Nurse 

Recruitment, Presbyterian Hospital Center, 

Department B, Albuquerque, 

New Mexico 87106 

Please mail me more information about 
nursing at Presbyterian Hospital Center and 

I tell me how ! may start my new way of I 

1 life. 



| NAME 

. ADDRESS 

I CITY STATE 

i SCHOOL OF NURSING 

YEAR OF GRADUATION 

I MONTH 



I 



OWEN SOUND GENERAL 
AND MARINE HOSPITAL 

requires 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

This 250-bed modern hospital is 
located in a year round recrea 
tion area with activities only 
minutes from hospital or home. 
Salary $400 - $480 per month. 
Experience and post basic edu 
cation recognized. A new Re 
gional School of Nursing com 
mences this fall and a 2 -f- 1 
Educational Programme is pre 
sently in progress. 

Apply to: 

Miss W. Bell, 
Director of Nursing Service. 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



J 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



JULY 1967 



Registered Nurses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 




Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 

El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



PRINCIPAL 

REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 



Applications are invited for the 
position of Principal of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs 
ing. 

Plans are being developed to 
provide classroom facilities for 
21 students. Residence accom 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in 
struction will be provided in hos 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 

Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 

The Secretary 

EDITH CAVELL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

c/o The Belleville General 

Hospital 
Belleville, Ontario 



PROVINCE OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR 

Aide Orientation and Training Program 

for 

Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health 
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C. 

SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month, 
plus $25 per month for certificate or 
University degree or $10 per month for 
clinical program; plus $30 per month 
for two years teaching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur 
riculum planning; word teaching and de 
monstration, examining new trends. 
Applicants must be Canadian citizens or 
British subjects with membership or el 
igibility for membership as Registered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic 
preparation in teaching, supervision and 
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 

Obtain application forms from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service, Valleyview Lodges, ES 
SONDALE, B.C. 

COMPETITION NO, 67:372 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
SERVICE 

FOR 

MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG, Manitoba 

Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi 
litation hospital and 64-bed res 
piratory disease wing. This is a 
five year old modern facility 
with a very active program in all 
departments. Salary commensur 
ate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

For further information 
write to: 

Executive Director 

MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 

800 Sherbrook Street 
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



;,* 

O 9 POSITIONS OPEN 



Assistant Director, 
Nursing Service - Evenings 

Inservice Education 
Co-Ordinator 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR 



e. 



OF 
NURSING 



* 



61 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 



HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Add ress- 
City 



.State. 



.Zip Code. 





HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $33 1 .00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train and bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged. In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 

PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA 
offers 

BURSARIES FOR NURSES 

Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en 
trance and have an interest in a career in Public 
Health Nursing are invited to apply. 

Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide 
living allowance. 

Applications for bursaries and further information 
may be obtained by contacting: 

Director of Public Health Nursing 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 

P.O. Box 448 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 

A-5614 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

REQUIRED FOR 
DISTRICT SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Minimum Requirement B. Sc. N., with five years 
experience, two of these in Nursing Education. 

Apply to : 

Mr. Harold Swanson, Chairman, 
BOARD OF NURSING EDUCATION 

220 Clarke Street 
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Theree weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



The Saskatchewan 

Registered Nurses 

Association 

Invites applications 
for the position of 

NURSING SERVICE 
ADVISOR 

The applicant must have advan 
ced preparation and experience 
in Nursing Service. 

For further information and ap 
plication form, 

Please contact: 

MRS. AGNES GUHN 

President SRNA 

No. 8 3838 Retallack Street 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



REGISTERED NURSES 

FOR 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern, 220-bed, fully accre 
dited General Hospital located 
in a thriving farming and in 
dustrial community 135 miles 
from Metropolitan Winnipeg on 
the Trans Canada Highway and 
60 miles from beautiful Clear 
Lake resort. Almost new, well- 
equipped hospital providing 
quality patient care and friendly 
working environment. Salary 
$375-$460, five increments. Ex 
cellent personnel policies. 

Apply in confidence to: 
Director of Nursing, 

BRANDON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Brandon, Manitoba. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of.- 

1. Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 







A progressive 270-bed acute General 
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF 




WILSON MEMORIAL 


OPERATING ROOM 




BRITISH COLUMBIA. 




GENERAL HOSPITAL 


SUPERVISOR 




Invites applications from 




requires 






GRADUATE NURSES 




REGISTERED NURSES FOR 


Postgraduate trained. 








GENERAL DUTY 






(B.C. REGISTRATION) 














REGISTERED NURSING 


For 61 -bed well-equipped 




In addition to a new building, renovations 




ASSISTANTS 


hospital. 




now almost completed have increased our 
patient facilities. 




20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 










Northwestern Ontario community. 










Room and board provided. 


Apply: 




Please state preference of working area 










when applying to: 




For full particulars, 


Administrator 




Director of Nursing 




Write to: 


WILLETT HOSPITAL 




ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 




Director of Nursing 


Paris, Ontario 




Kamloops, B.C. 




Marathon, Ontario 



THE MONTREAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Applications are invited for the position 
of 

Head Nurse on a 
Psychiatric Unit. 

Clinical experience in psychiatric nursing 
and a diploma or baccalaureate degree 
in nursing administration required. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

THE MONTREAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
1650 Cedar Avenue 
Montreal 25, Quebec 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 

has an opening for a Director. 

REQUIREMENTS: Master s Degree prefer 
red and a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 

CHALLENGE: A unique opportunity to par 
ticipate in the plans for the building 
of the school and in the development 
of the programme for bilingual stu 
dents. 

APPOINTMENT: To be made as soon as 

possible. 
APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are 

invited to correspond with: 

The Chairman of the Board 

of Directors, 

Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 

269 Stewart Street, 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

DAUPHIN, MANITOBA 

A 1 30-bed hospital located ten miles 
north of Riding Mountain National Park 
and the summer resort of Clear Lake 

requires: 
Director of Inservice Education 

Head Nurse for Obstetrics and 
Gynecology Unit 

Head Nurse for Male Surgery 

and 
General Duty Nurses for all 

nursing areas. 

Duties to commence August or September. 

Apply stating qualifications to: 

Director of Nursing 

DAUPHIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Dauphin, Manitoba 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS 

WINDSOR, ONTARIO 

Requires Registered Nurses for the Neuro- 
surgical Unit. 40-hour week Pension 
Plan Good salaries and personnel 
policies. 



Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

THE I.O.D.E. HOSPITALS 

1453 Prince Road 

Windsor, Ontario 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 

A new 450-bed General Hospital, located 
12 miles from the City of Toronto, hat 
openings for: 

(T) GENERAL STAFF NURSES in all de 
partments; 

(2) Registered Nursing Assistants in all 
departments. 



For information or application, write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

All DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 

ensures opportunity for furthering 

education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



A REGISTERED NURSE 

BILINGUAL 

Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern 80-bed hospital expanding to 
150 beds. Located in the Eastern Town 
ships, an attractive, dynamic community 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance with Quebec Hospital In 
surance Service. 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

IONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliare pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 

ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing Education 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



ULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



GRADUATE NURSES 

required 

For this modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel 
lent personnel policies and working con 
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when registered in Ontario. Start 
ing salary will depend on experience. 
Private rooms available in residence $20. 
per month. 



Please apply to: 

Miss L. M. R. Lambe 

Director of Nursing 

WELLAND COUNTY 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Welland, Ontario 



ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 

Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required tor 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 

Personnel Director 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

OFFERS 

1. Stimulating Environment 

2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 

3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495. 

4. Residence available. 

Registered Nurses invited to apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

Chapleau, Ontario 



TORONTO EAST 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Applications are invited from Teachers 
interested in a progressive educational 
program. Applicants with baccalaureate 
degree preferred. Diploma in Nursing Edu 
cation and working toward a degree ac 
cepted. Good personnel policies. 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
825 Coxwell Avenue 
Toronto 13, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 



For 61 -bed General Hospital 



Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

require!/ 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 

Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR 

and 

HEAD NURSE IN 
DELIVERY ROOM 

Experience in teaching preferred. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Regent Street, S. 

Sudbury, Ontario 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1%: 



School of Nursing 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 

requires 
TEACHERS 

to participate in a 3-year program plan 
ning change to two + 1. 
Student enrolment of 65. University pre 
paration required. 

For information write to: 

Director School of Nursing 

ST. MARY S HOSPITAL 

Timmins, Ontario 



INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

wanted for a 6-bed monitored medical- 
surgical unit. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kelowna, British Columbia 



GENERAL DUTY 
REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

for 200-bed accredited hospital. Starting 
salary $415 with annual increments to 
$485. Previous experience recognized. 
Excellent personnel policies. Residence ac 
commodation available. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 

Haileybury, Ontario 



MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

NEWCASTLE, N.B. 
Invites applications for the position of 

SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 

Student body of 50 

For further information, 
write to: 

Director of Nursing 

MIRAMICHI HOSPITAL 

Newcastle, N.B. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Director of Nursing for a 164-bed mo 
dern, accredited, acute care hospital in 
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy 
chiatric wing and a 50-bed extended care 
unit are in the final stages of planning. 
Accommodation available in staff res 
idence. Nursing administrative education 
and experience desirable. Salary com 
mensurate with qualifications. 



Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary to: 

Mr. D. C. Steveson 

Administrator 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 



ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE? 
JOIN OUR STAFF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A Planned Orientation Program 

A Continuous Education Program 

Liberal Personnel Policies 

Staff Nurse Salaries 

$4824620 Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota 
tion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 

Wrfte to: 

Patricia M. Boiworth, R.N., M.A. 

Administrator-Coordinator of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 

Gnlveston, Texas 77550 

We are an equal opportunity employer 



HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL 

has immediate openings for 
REGISTERED NURSES 

Eligible for Ontario Registration. Oppor 
tunities for placement in Medical, Surgical, 
Paediatric, O.R., Recovery, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Units with early promo 
tional possibilities. A-1 benefits and sala 
ries. Hamilton is a large city ideally 
located in Southern Ontario and has a 
fine University. 

Apply to: 

Personnel Department, 

HAMILTON GENERAL HOSPITAL, 

Barton Street East, 

Hamilton, Ontario 



SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

GALT, ONTARIO 

Additional Teaching Faculty required to 
assist in formulating a two-year pro 
gramme, one-year internship. 

Positions in Teaching available imme 
diately, Medical Surgical, Paediatrics, 
Social Sciences. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information, 
Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For modern 80-bed General Hospital ex 
panding to 150 beds, located in an 
attractive, dynamic, sports-oriented com 
munity 50 miles south of Montreal. 
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable 
to Montreal. Complete maintenance avail 
able at a minimal rate. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Qua. 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 



apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



GRADUATE NURSES 

For permanent staff or holiday relief. In 
active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the 
Columbia River Valley in southeastern 
British Columbia. Unlimited social and 
sports activities including golf, tennis, 
swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour 
week; Storting salary after registration 
$390 rising to $466. Four weeks annual 
vacation, 10 statutory holidays, l /2 days 
sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in 
medical coverage and superannuation. 
Residence accommodation. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 

Trail, British Columbia 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 29l-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 

Offered by 

The Department of Veterans Affairs, West 
minster Hospital, LONDON, Ontario. Open 
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim 
ited. Four months duration commencing 
15 January 1968. Room and meals at 
nominal rates. 

for further information 
please write: 

Director of Nursing 

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SARNIA, ONTARIO 

Invites applications for the 
positions of: 

IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 

EVENING SUPERVISOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po 
licies. 

For further information apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Sarnia, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 
WESTERN ONTARIO 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

announces 

FACULTY POSITIONS 

available for the following programmes: 

1. A Four-Year Basic Degree Programme 
(B.Sc.N.) beginning in September 1966. 

2. Degree Programme for Graduate Reg 
istered Nurses. 

3. Expanding graduate programmes 
(M.Sc.N.). 

Enquiries are invited from qualified per 
sons who are interested in University 
teaching opportunities in the School of 
Nursing of a rapidly developing Health 
Sciences Centre. 

For information write to: 

The Dean, School of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 

WESTERN ONTARIO 

London, Canada 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
of position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nurs 
ing, Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 
University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G 



Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vocation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
ot $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-361 F 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement 
fb) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) startinc 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pendinc 
registration as well), (d) progressive personnel poli 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 1 5-36-1 D 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details ot the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOAAA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 

For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 



JULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 




DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING (B.N.) 

An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepares the stu 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals. 

DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES (B.N.) 

A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re 
gistered Nurses who wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies En the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
1 YEAR 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 

Outpost Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing arid a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 

AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



ASSOCIATE 
DIRECTOR 

OF 

NURSING EDUCATION 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in an ultra-mod 
ern school of nursing located in 
South Western Ontario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 stu 
dents. Two-Plus-One program 
commencing Sept. 1 968. Mini 
mum requirement - B.Sc.N. with 
several years experience. 

Apply to: 
BOX "B" 

CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL 

50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

School of Nursing 

Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 

Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Salaries are according to educa 
tion and experience. 

For further information, 
write to: 

The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 

THE HOSPITAL FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

Return to: p AL Q ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 

MOVING? MARRIED? C^7 WISH AN ADJUSTMENT? 

All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE I , 

should be accompanied by our most recent 

address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro- ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE | 

video 1 at right.) to be assured of 

accurate, fast service 
ARE YOU | 

G Receiving duplicate copies? 

PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 

LJ Actively registered with more than one pro 
vincial nurses association? Miss/Mrs. 

Sister/Mr. name (please print) 

permanent reg. no. provincial association 

street address 

permanent reg. no. provincial association 

city zone province 

D Transferring registration from one provincial p| _ EASE AL( _ OW S(X WEEKS FQR PROCESSINC 

nurses association to another? YOUR CHANCE 

The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
FROM: unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 

provincial ass n. permanent reg. no. within six weeks! 

TO: 

provincial oss n. permanent reg. no. ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 

The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 

OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 50 The Driveway 

Ottawa 4, Canada 



IULY 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 




TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 

UNIVERSITY TEACHING 

AND RESEARCH CENTRE 

(1,300 Beds) 

PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned Programmes in 

Orientation 

Staff Education 

Staff Development 

PERSONNEL POLICIES 

Salaries: 

Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 

3 weeks vacation 

8 statutory holidays 

Cumulative Sick Leave 

Pension Plan 

Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 

Uniforms Laundered Free 

OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 

in 
Clinical Services: 

- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 

Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res 
piratory 

Administrative and Teaching Positions: 

- Consideration given to applicants with Uni 
versity preparation and/or experience. 

Applicants requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 

For additional information write: 

Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 
101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

July 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 2 

American Sterilizer Company 13 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd Cover IV 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 21 

M. J. Chase Co. Inc 54 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 17 

Hollister Limited 22 

Frank W. Horner Company 23 

J. Morgan Jones Publications Ltd 11 

Lacross Uniform Co Cover III 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 30 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 54 

Medical Products 3M Company 27 

C. V. Mosby Co 53 

J. T. Posey Company 28 

Reeves Company 12 

Town Imports 15 

White Sister Uniform Cover II, pp. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 
Winley-Morris Company Ltd 16 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



JULY 1967 



August 1967 



JVIVSRSI7Y OF C 
SCHOOL Or 
OTTAWA, ONT. 

I2-67-Q-L-IQ4-D 



The 



Canadian 
Nurse 




new image for the 
hospital chaplain 

advantages of an 
adolescent unit 

a plan for 
inservice education 









Elastoplast Airstrip dressings 
keep water and bacteria out... 
let air in to speed healing. 



We tested Airstrip in the 
laboratory, under closely 
controlled conditions. Then 
we tested it under emergency 
conditions in big London 
hospitals. 

Results ? Airstrip proved to be 
both waterproof and washable 
and an efficient microbe filter. 
It totally excludes water and 
both air-borne and water-borne 
bacteria, yet lets air through 
to the wound. Wounds, and 
even surgical incisions, healed 
in far less time than with 
standard dressings. Risk of 
cross infection was reduced to 
a minimum. Removal is pain 
less and the special large size 



wound dressings are manu 
factured with a soft, highly 
absorbent, non-adherent centre 
pad which will not stick to the 
wound or sutures nor does 
granulation tissue grow into it. 
Want more information ? 

Write to: 

The Medical Division, 
Smith & Nephew Limited, 
210052nd Avenue, 
Lachine, P.Q. 




Elastoplast {$&iij) 



*^MMM^- 



- > ". 




Use Abbott s Butterfly Infusion Set 
in an adult arm? 



Certainly. The fact is, today more Abbott 
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult 
arms and hands, etc., than in infant 
scalps. 

Good reason. 

Abbott s Butterfly Infusion Set simplifies 
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has 
proved fine in squirming infants. But it has 
proved equally helpful in restless adults, 
and in oldsters with fragile, rolling veins. 
And, once in place, the small needle, 
ultraflexible tubing, and stabilizing wings 
tend to prevent needle movement, and to 
avoid vascular damage. 

Folding Butterfly Wings 

The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a 
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp 
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle 
with great accuracy, even when the 




needle shaft is held flat against the skin. 
Then, once the needle is inserted, the 
wings spread flat. They conform to the 
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for 
taping. The needle can be immobilized so 
securely and so flat to the skin that there 
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis 
lodging or moving it. 



Five Peel- Pack Sets 

To accommodate patients of various ages, 
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in 
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra- 
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25, -23, 
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen 
vinyl tubing. The 1 6-gauge size, however, 
provides tubing of proportionately en 
larged capacity, and thus is particularly 
suited to mass blood or solution infusions 
in surgery. 

The sets are supplied in sterile "peel- 
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope 
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray- 
it s ready for use in any sterile area. Your 
Abbott Man will gladly give you 
material for evaluation. Or 
write to Abbott Laboratories. 
Box 61 50, Montreal, Quebec. 




Abbott s Butterfly 




Infusion Set 



ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED 



AUGUST 1967 



HALIFAX MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER 

435Y 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



Companion for Comfort 



SHOE 

jpt, Uouiig_U/onuut ut W/kitL 




SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS ... SOME STYLES 3V 2 -12 AAAA-E.16.95 to 21.95 

For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 

THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS Dept.CNS, 1221 Locust St. St. Louis, Mo. 631O3 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 8 



August 1967 



25 Manpower Problems in Nursing H. K. Mussallem 

29 New Image for the Hospital Chaplain R. A. Wallace 

32 Inservice Education M. Callin 

35 A Problem-Solving Approach E. Hykawy 

39 Unit-Based Inservice Education L. Gauthier, M. Sheahan, 

M. Sutherland 

43 Adolescents in Hospital H. Lussier-Gauthier 

46 Manipulation in a Nurse-Patient Relationship L. Okkenhaug 

48 The Changing Voice of Protest 

50 Seals for Patients E. Johnson, E. deJong, M. Foster 

The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

18 Names 

21 New Products 

52 Books 

55 Accession List 



7 News 
20 Dates 
23 In a Capsule 
54 Films 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Llndabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glennis N. Zllm Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn . Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in India ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 




AUGUST 1967 



"We are not moving [to Ottawa] to 
do lobbying," said Dr. Arthur Peart, 
general secretary of the Canadian 
Medical Association, in explaining to 
reporters CMA s plans to move its 
headquarters from Toronto. 

"What s wrong with lobbying?" asks 
an editorial in The Medical Post (a 
Maclean-Hunter publication for 
Canadian doctors) in response to Dr. 
Pearl s denial. "There is no need to 
apologize for lobbying," it continues. 
The editorial then suggests that CMA 
drop its "gentlemanly approach" in 
dealing with the federal government, 
and adopt more effective means of 
communication through lobbying. 

The art of lobbying, which can be 
defined as the attempt of individuals 
or groups to influence legislative 
proceedings, has acquired a somewhat 
shabby reputation in this country. For 
most nurses, it probably has the same 
connotation as collective 
bargaining had 10 years ago, i.e., a 
questionable procedure used by selfish 
parties to get their own way and 
something to be shunned by profes 
sionals. 

Yet lobbying, in its most desirable 
forms, is extremely useful in a demo 
cratic society. The Encyclopedia 
Britannica goes even further. It states, 
"Ft is ... fair to say that by democratic 
standards one index of a healthy 
political society is the number of 
visible lobbies actively contending in 
the public forum." 

An effective lobby can provide busy 
government personnel with pertinent, 
reliable information and expert opin 
ion in a given field of knowledge. In 
this way it can influence policy-making 
decisions in a constructive manner. 
Witness the Canadian Federation of 
Agriculture, an organization that is 
reported to work so closely with the 
federal Department of Agriculture 
that the latter consults it whenever 
change of policy is considered. 

The Canadian Nurses Association 
lobbies the government in indirect and 
sometimes direct ways. Editorials con 
cerning social injustices are sent to 
members of parliament; pamphlets 
and press releases that explain the 
association s policies, beliefs, and 
activities reach the desks of various 
cabinet ministers; and meetings are 
held with government officials to 
present CNA s viewpoint on urgent 
matters. 

It is questionable whether this 
informal type of lobbying is the most 
effective means of communication. 
And with the federal government s 
increasing concern for legislation in 
health and welfare, it is imperative 
that we find the most effective means 
of communication and use it. 

After all, the largest group of health 
workers in the country should have a 
fair amount to say about legislation 
that affects the public s health and 
welfare. Editor. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters j 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Clarification, please 

Dear Editor: 

A portion of the "News" on page 7 (May, 
1967) specifically that under the caption 
"Nursing Education Committee Recom 
mends Strong Controversial Policies" 
caused me some concern. The title seems 
appropriate. 

Before requested action is taken could 
we please have some clarification of terms? 
Has the title "nurse practitioner" been ap 
proved and accepted by the profession? 
It is surely the least euphonious title yet 
to be applied to a long suffering group of 
nursing personnel. Does one assume that 
the term applies to a nurse registered within 
the terms of the legislation? Does it include 
graduate nurses who are not registered and 
whose qualifications may or may not meet 
registration standards? Are auxiliary nursing 
personnel considered to be nurse practi 
tioners? What about a whole helerogeneous 
collection of people who call themselves 
"nurses" regardless of their qualifications 
or the opinions of the organized group of 
the profession? If we must use this hideous 
title, let us at least hyphenate the nouns. 
Better still, let us get rid of it and speak 
of the practice of nursing. 

Where did we dredge up "licensure" in 
this context? Can we not say what we 
mean "eligible to be licensed as register 
ed nurses?" 

Again, instead of misusing nouns for ad 
jectives, why are we not speaking of "edu- 
cationa/ system" or "system of education?" 

When we speak so glibly about phasing 
out present programs for "licensed, certi 
fied, registered assistants" is this term gene 
rally accepted across Canada? In Ontario, I 
believe, "Registered Nursing Assistant" is 
correct for part of the group described. I 
could not help but wonder whether these 
women, who are usually intensely loyal 
to their group and proud of their identity, 
have accepted the plans projected for them. 

In the article, the word "Beliefs" occurs 
with the monotonous regularity once asso 
ciated with the exhortations of the old-time 
tent evangelists and seems almost as vague. 

The last sentence constitutes one of the 
saddest reflections upon nursing of today. 
"Tremendous resources (financial, clinical 
and human)." Please note the order. 
What is our greatest resource in this con 
text? Surely it is the "human" resource. If 
we cannot learn how to make the best pos 
sible use of our human resources by better 
utilization of clinical facilities provided by 
financial assistance, we are in danger of 
betraying not only our profession but the 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



generation. But, let us not forget that first 
we must have the people upon whom to 
spend our other resources. - Margaret 
Outlier, Toronto. 

Comments on materia medica 
Dear Editor : 

We have had many discussions regarding 
the arithmetic course in our hospital school 
and I believe this subject should be taught 
more uniformly in all Canadian Schools of 
Nursing. We have pondered whether the 
time has come for us to omit teaching the 
apothecaries system entirely. Medical stu 
dents are now taught only the metric sys 
tem and interns and most doctors order all 
their dosages in metric measures in our 
hospital. Modern hospital formularies use 
the metric system. 

Should we teach students the arithmetic 
necessary for making solutions for subcu 
taneous injection from tablets and parts of 
tablets? All such solutions in our hospital 
are now either prepared in the pharmacy or 
purchased in solution form from various 
drug companies. 

Should we teach more, or less, about dis 
solving and preparing solutions from pure 
forms of drugs? Directions regarding the 
preparation of these solutions e.g. pow 
dered forms of antibiotics for IM admin 
istration - - always accompany the drug. 
Intelligent reading and following of these 
directions ensures accurate preparation of 
the drug for administration. 

Nurses now are seldom required to dilute 
stock solutions to make weaker solutions. 
Again, directions are usually on the label 
and careful reading and carrying out of 
these directions are usually all that the 
nurse is required to do. Should we still 
teach formulas for these types of problems 
or simply stress the reading and follow 
ing of directions accurately? 

Am I very old-fashioned in thinking that 
a nurse should still know how to prepare 
any and all solutions, measure all amounts 
to the last grain and minim, and work out 
strengths of solutions in ratio and percent 
age? I consider this to be simple arithmetic, 
not beyond the ability of any student who 
has completed elementary school math. I 
also believe that every student, in each of 
her three years in training, should be re 
quired to make 80% to pass this subject. 

Perhaps teachers from other hospital 
schools could offer suggestions for teaching 
arithmetic to student nurses through the 
journal. I am sure everyone agrees that the 
student should not be taught just the arith 
metic necessary to meet the needs to nurse 



in her home school. We do expect her to 
be a safe nurse in any hospital or situation 
- with or without a pharmacy and/or a 
pharmacist to do her math for her! 
(Mrs.) Margaret Wishlow, Royal Columbian 
Hospital, New Westminster, B.C. 

Libarian writes 

Dear Editor: 

It was with mixed feelings that I perused 
the "Suggested books and journals for hos 
pital libraries" in the February issue of 
Canadian Hospital. At first, I was pleased 
to see that a list prepared as a guide for 
libraries in one province was being made 
available to all Canadian libraries, but on 
reading the section on nursing literature, I 
was struck by Ihe absence of badly needed 
reference materials that do exist, and on the 
other hand, the inclusion of publications 
that are obsolete or not available. 

The Canadian Nurses Association seems 
to be obvious source for an authoritative list. 
One such reference list, providing Canadian 
references to augment a list published in 
Nursing Outlook, luly, 1966, and that was 
published in THE CANADIAN NURSE (October, 
1966) was very helpful. 

Nursing libraries across the country are 
just beginning to develop and they should 
be provided with the best assistance. Could 
not the Canadian Nurses Association pre 
pare a reference list for nursing libraries 
and publish this in a future issue? (Miss) 
Mabel C. Brown, Librarian, School of Nurs 
ing, Ottawa Civic Hospital. 

Informative journal 

Dear Editor: 

I have really enjoyed the gift subscription 
to THE CANADIAN NURSE for the last six 
years. 

This journal is indeed very interesting and 
educational, as each issue presents topics 
of importance. It helps a nurse in a foreign 
country (less developed) to get some ideas 
about how modern nursing is progressing in 
an advanced country like yours. J.C.E. 
Acqual, Ghana, West Africa. 

Dear Editor: 

Your excellent magazine has provided 
me with enjoyable and informative reading 
in the past, and I look forward to receiv 
ing it in the future. It has improved stead 
ily both in content and in form over the 
last five years, and has become a mature 
and worthy professional paper. Thank you 
for making it so. Patricia R. Nendick, 
Vancouver, B.C. D 

AUGUST 1967 



Save hours of your time 
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able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 
And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 



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Recent 
Publications 



NURSES HANDBOOK OF FLUID BALANCE 

By Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S.; and 
W. D. Snively, Jr., M.D. 

A new and vitally important book on body fluid disturb 
ances. Discussions consider the nurse s role in observation, 
interpretation and intervention; whal lo look for how to 
look for if and what to do about if. 279 Pages 1967 
$7.50. 



SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING 
(Formerly Science Principles Applied to Nursing) 

By Madelyn T. Nordmark, R.N., M.S.; and Ann 
W. Rohweder, R.N., M.N. 

Applying principles and facts from the biophysical, social 
and behavioral sciences, this text bridges the gap between 
scientific theory and clinical practice. An indispensable 
educational tool tor students. 385 Pages 2nd Edition, 
1967. Paperbound, $5.25 Clothbound, $7.50. 



FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS 

A Text-Workbook of Dosage, Solutions, Math 
ematics and Introductory Pharmacology 
By J. B. Plein, M.S., Ph.D.; and E. M. Plein, 
M.S., Ph.D. 

Offers a complete coune in the mathematics of drugs and 
solutions. Content also includes sources of drugs, dosage 
forms and routes of administration, medication orders, and 
legislation regulating the use of drugs. About 125 Pages. 
1967 Paperbound, about $4.00. 



PATIENT STUDIES IN MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 

By Jane Secor, R.N., M.A. 

The twenty-six patient studies in this stimulating supple 
mentary text provide the student with a tool for in-depth 
learning and problem solving. Case historical descriptions 
demonstrate the type of physical and emotional support 
required by patients who have major medical or surgical 
problems. 401 Pages 1967 Paperbound, $5.50. 



FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 
By Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S. 

The cardinal principles of pediatric nursing are presented 
in this compact, highly readable new textbook. The pre 
sentation is structured according to age groups and 
covers normal development and the child s reactions in 
common conditions of illness. The student receives prac 
tical guidance and specific suggestions for nursing meas 
ures. 581 Pages 1967 Paperbound, $5.40. Clothbound, 
$8.00. 



BASIC PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPTS IN 
NURSING 

By Charles K. Hofling, M.D.; Madeleine M. 
Leininger, M.S.N., Ph.D.; and Elizabeth A. 
Bregg, R.N., B.S. 

The Second Edition of this widely-adopted text stresses 
nursing care with emphasis on problem-solving, process 
recording, and short and long-term nursing goals. Ad 
ditional patient-studies have been interspersed to strength 
en the student s understanding of nurse-patient interac 
tion. 575 Pages 2nd Edition, 1967 $7.25. 



A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
COUNCIL OF NURSES: 

The First Sixty-Five Years 

By Daisy C. Bridges, S.R.N., S.C.M. 

A look in retrospect at the I.C.N., which now represents 
almost half a million nurses in 50 countries. This historical 
survey illuminates the council s purpose, background, 
present status and future goals,- tracing events from the 
first meeting in 1901 to the most recent meeting in 1965. 
247 Pages 1967. About $8.60. 



Lippincott 




J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Ltd., 
60 Front St. West, Toronto 1, Ont. 



6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



news 



CNF Scholarships Awarded 

Ottawa. Thirteen Canadian nurses have 
been awarded a total of $36,700 by the 
Canadian Nurses Foundation to pursue 
studies for doctoral and master s degrees in 
the 1967-68 academic year. 

The thirteen nurses selected for leader 
ship potential and who will receive awards 
ranging from $1,000 to $4.500 are: 
Miss Shirley M. Stinson, Tofield, Alberta 
Miss Dorothy J. Kergin. New West 
minster, B.C. 

Miss Michelle Marion, Noranda, Quebec 
Miss Margaret J. Moncrieff, North Van 
couver, B.C. 

Miss Dorothy M. Pringle, Hamilton, 
Ontario 

Miss Beverly J. Mitchell, North Van 
couver, B.C. 

Miss Norma M. M. Dick, Langley, B.C. 
Miss Phyllis E. Jones, Toronto, Ontario 
Miss Mary E. Barrett, Ingersoll, Ontario 
Miss Peggy Saunders, Brooks, Alberta 
Mrs. Grace V. Davis, Winnipeg, Manitoba 
Miss Gloria A. Gatehouse, Chateauguay, 
Quebec 

Miss Mary-Ellen Jeans, Stratford, Ontario. 
Two of the nurses, Miss Stinson and 
Miss Kergin, will study for doctoral degrees. 
With this year s awards, a total of 57 
Canadian nurses have been given financial 
assistance by the Foundation since its in 
corporation in 1962. 

CNA Nursing Service Committee 
Favors Nursing Specialists 

Ottawa. The introduction of clinical 
nursing specialists into nursing service would 
enrich the quality of nursing care given 
in this country, members of the Canadian 
Nurses Association Committee on Nursing 
Service stated at their meeting at CNA 
House in June. 

In formulating statements of belief, which 
will be referred to the CNA Board of 
Directors for approval in September, com 
mittee members discussed the qualifications 
needed by the clinical nursing specialist 
and outlined her area of responsibility. 

During the three-day meeting, the Com 
mittee heard a report on the success of the 
regional workshops being conducted by 
CNA for directors of nursing service in hos 
pitals; discussed a recommendation from 
the federal government s Maternal and 
Child Health Advisory Committee concern 
ing additional facilities for post-basic pro 
grams in advanced maternity nursing; a nd 
examined ways in which other departments 
within an agency could provide support to 

AUGUST 1967 



ICN Adopts Congress Symbol 




INTERNATIONAL 

COUNCIL OF NURSES 

14th QUADRENNIAL 

CONGRESS 1969 

MONTREAL CANADA 



CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL 
DES INFIRMIERES 
XlVe CONGRES 
QUADRIENNAL1969 
MONTREAL CANADA 




Evian, France. The Council of National 
Representatives of the International Coun 
cil of Nurses officially adopted the symbol 
for the 1969 Quadrennial Congress at its 
meeting in Evian, France, at the end of 
June. The 14th Quadrennial Congress, 
which will take place in Montreal June 
23-29, 1969, will take as its theme "Focus 
on the Future." 

The symbol for the 1969 meeting was 



prepared and submitted by the Canadian 
Nurses Association. The colors will be 
blue and white. 

The ICN adopts a new symbol for each 
quadrennial meeting. It is used by the 
63-member organization for promotion 
and publicity for the Congress. 

The symbol adapts well to the multi 
lingual aspect of the ICN as the corner 
slogans are easily changed. 



professional care services. 

The Committee, one of the Association s 
three policy-recommending standing com 
mittees, will hold its second meeting of 
the 1966-68 biennium in November, 1967. 

ICN Council of Representatives 
Meets in France 

Evian, France. The Palais des Festi- 
\ites at Evian presented a colorful scene 
on the opening day of the National Council 
of Representatives Meeting on June 26. 
Draped across the back of the platform 
were the flags of the 45 countries that 
were represented. 

The Council of National Representatives 
is the policy-making, voting body of the 
ICN. It meets every two years; this was 
the first time in its new form and under 
this name, since the ICN constitution was 
revised in 1965. The agenda included the 
reports of the Membership and Professional 
Services Committees, matters relating to 
the Florence Nightingale International 
Foundation, and plans for the ICN XlVth 



Quadrenial Congress in 1969, with the final 
choice of theme for this occasion. The 
Administrative and Finance Committee and 
Board of Directors met first on June 22, 
23 and 24. 

Mademoiselle Jane Martin, president of 
the National Association of Trained Nurses 
of France, in a message for the occasion, 
said how delighted the Association was to 
receive the representatives in France and 
extended a warm welcome to each one. 

In the body of the hall, presidents and 
executive secretaries from the national 
nurses associations in membership with the 
ICN, together with the members of the 
ICN Board of Directors and observers from 
the League of Red Cross Societies and the 
World Health Organization, listened atten 
tively to the opening address. Dr. Boulenger, 
director general of public health, Ministere 
des Affaires Sociales, spoke of the questions 
in which he had a special interest: promo 
tion of international programs for advanc 
ed studies in nursing; expansion of health 
services that would provide further home 
treatment and care; and improved social 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 




Sister Mary Felicitas, president, and 
Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive di 
rector of the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation attend the ICN Council of Re 
presentatives in Evian, France. 

and economic conditions for nurses to 
encourage recruitment and the opportunity 
of maintaining high ideals in the profes 
sion, for the well being of all. 

At the start of the morning session, Miss 
Alice Girard, ICN president, had expressed 
a warm welcome to the participants and 
had declared the first meeting of the Coun 
cil of National Representatives open. Miss 
Girard announced that it was with regret 
that the Board of Directors had accepted 
the resignation of Miss Helen Nussbaum, 
ICN executive director. 

Miss Girard announced that Miss Sheila 
Quinn, deputy executive director, had been 
appointed executive director designate, and 
would take office as executive director on 
January 1st, 1968. 

As a relaxation from the five days of 
working sessions, an excursion to Chamonix, 
Mont Blanc, followed by dinner in a typical 
cave in Montreux, was arranged by the 
hostess association. On the last evening a 
banquet was given by the Societe des Eaux 
d Evian. At the conclusion of the meetings, 
while the Board of Directors held a final 
one-day meeting in Evian, many of the 
participants traveled to Lyon to visit the 
International Post-Graduate School of 
Nursing. 

MARN Annual Meeting: 
Resolutions Call for Action 

Winnipeg. - - The Manitoba Association 
of Registered Nurses faces a busy year as 
the executive begin action on resolutions 
passed at the annual meeting June 8-9 in 
Winnipeg. More than 400 nurses attending 
the meeting supported resolutions that will 
ask the provincial government to finance a 
study on nurse resources in the province; 
to consider the establishment of nursery 



schools and housekeeper services that would 
permit married nurses to return to active 
status; and to support a master s program 
in nursing at the University of Manitoba. 

Further, the federal government is to be 
approached and asked to revise the income 
tax act to aid the working woman with 
dependents and to help attract married 
women to return to work. 

As well as putting pressure on federal 
and provincial governments to help alleviate 
the shortage of nurses in the province, 
MARN has resolved to work even more 
closely with high school counselors so 
that high school students will better under 
stand the requirements necessary for nursing 
and be more attracted to the profession. 

The MARN will also proceed with plans 
for a new one-story building for association 
offices. 

Two other resolutions urged support for 
proposals from the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation: the Association supported the 
CNA s basic salary goal of $6,000 per 
year and also CNA s position on nursing 
education. 

The two-day meeting, one of the largest in 
the history of the Association, was held 
at the same time as the Western Canada 
Hospital Institute. The two groups joined 
for one general session to hear keynote 
speaker Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive 



director, CNA, speak on nurse manpower. 
More than 900 persons crowded into the 
auditorium to hear the address. 

Executive Director of MARN, Margaret 
E. Cameron, reported on the growth of the 
Association. Four full-time professional staff 
members have been added to help the As 
sociation assume its duties and respons 
ibilities. 

CHA Opposes Change 
In Nursing Education 

Montreal. According to reports by the 
Canadian Press, the Canadian Hospital As 
sociation has critized attempts to move the 
education of nurses from hospital jurisdic 
tion. 

At its annual meeting in Montreal, the 
Association is reported to have charged 
thpf such a move could jeopardize the 
quantity and quality of nursing and "cons 
titutes a serious threat to the hospital care 
of the sick." 

The CHA has a hospital membership of 
1,391. 

The hospital association proposes that 
new programs in nursing education should 
be developed on an experimental basis only, 
and not adopted until they have "demons- 

(Continued on page 10) 



Life-size Anatomy at Expo 67 




Now there s a man you can see through, Miss J. Hebert seems to be saying 
as she examines the exhibit of the transparent man and woman in the Man 
and His Health Theme Pavilion at Expo 67. The transparent man and 
woman, situted in a glass case near the Nurses Station where Miss Hebert 
was on duty, permits visitors to see bone structure, blood and lymph circul 
ation, and the nervous system. A recorded commentary is provided on tele 
phone sets for those who wish to learn details of these systems. Miss He 
bert is one of 21 graduates who staff a CNA -- sponsored exhibit showing 
how nurses work in today s intensive observation units. 



8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



1 




MEDICATED 






skin refreshant and body massage 





AUGUST 1967 



LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64 Colgate Ave nue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



trated their ability to provide a continuing 
and adequate supply of skilled nursing per 
sonnel." 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
resolved to continue to press to have nuking 
education placed under education.il auspices, 
It maintains that studies have complete!) 
proven the worth of such a program and 
that delay will only be detrimental to the 
health of the people of Canada. 



Nurses Invited as Observers 
To CM\ "Parliament" 

- The Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation sent two nurse observers to the 
100th annual meeting of the General 
Council of the Canadian Medical Asso 
ciation early in June. The general council, 
often called the parliament of the CMA, is 
the medical association s policy-making 
body. The 167-member council is elected 
and carries on the business of the 25.000- 
member organization. 

Sister Mary Felicitas. president, and Dr. 
Helen K. Mussallem. executive director, 
of the CNA. attended the two-day meeting 



ONE-STEP PREP 



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U ith 

FLEET ENEMA 

single dose 

unit 



FLEET ENEMA s fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
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ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomicallv correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes. with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehvdrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be av oided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 1 ; 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 
Each 100 cc. of FtEET ENEMA contain*. 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.Q. 

. 



rf&Ca 

^""7 



10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



on behalf of the 80.000-member n. 
group. 

The invitation was in line with the new 
policy of the medical, nursing, and hospia 
liaison committee, which has called 
closer cooperation among the three 
ciations. 

Dr. Mussallem expressed delight at tht 
invitation. "We appreciated the opportunity 
to observe, at close range, the deci- 
making process of a kindred health pro 
on." she said. 

NBARN Protests 
Minister s Remarks 

Fredericton. The New Brunswick As 
sociation of Registered Nurses has sent a 
letter of protest to the Minister of Health. 
Dr. Stephen YVeyman. following his rer 
on nursing education made at the As<o- 
ciation s annual meeting in Fredericton . 
in June. Since making a formal re^ 
in October. 1966 for the Governmer: 
implement the plan of education for semi- 
professional health workers proposed in 
.rsing by the late Dr. Kather- 
ine MacLaggan. the NBARN had rec. 
no reply until Dr. Weyman s une.xp-. 
comments. 

The nurses are critical of suggestions that 
the government might make a token 
ture toward implementing a new system of 
nursing education. They have reasserted to 
the Minister that pilot studies have proven 
the worth of nursing education under edu 
cational auspices and that only a major 
change in administrative control can over 
come the ills inherent in the hospital nursing 
school system of nurse education. They go 
on to say that New Brunswick is too small 
to entertain a piece-meal approach to better 
nurse education and that it would be re- 
bundant and wasteful to repeat what has 
been proven. 

A plan for education advanced in Portrait 
of Nursing calls for the preparation of 

- of nurses. Twenty-five percent of 
the required nurse complement would be 
educated in the provin^ . - university 

schools of nursing. The plan calls for 
institutes where the other 75 percent would 
be educ.;:. | with students preparing 

to work in semi-professional occupations 
in the health field. 

In requesting implementation of a new 
system of nurse education, the NBARN 
points out that, while the emphasis is on 
education, the primary interest is to increase 
the number of nurses and to improve the 
quality of patient care in all fields of 
nursing. Nurses who have come through the 
hospital system as well as nursing assistants 
are assured of their continuing roles in the 
health field. 

The protest sent to the Minister of Health 
criticizes influences that are resistant to 
change. The nurses claim that such opinions 
are not substantiated by depth of research 
equal to that which supports their proposals. 

AUGUST 1% 



news 



At both the 1966 and 196" annual meet: - 
Association members voiced their support to 
Bplement the plan. The Canadian Nurses 
Association endorsed the plan last year and 
recently, the New Brunswick Student Nur 
ses \.-c ation added its backing. 

In suggesting that the government was not 
prepared to adopt a new plan of nursing 
education on the provincial scale advocated 
by NBARN. the Minister made no referen 
ce to financing. Hospital schools are costly 
to the department of health but there is 
actual gain as students give service in return 
for their training. The Association believes 
that nursing students should be released 
from indentured labor and enjoy the edu 
cational rights granted to students of other 
professions. Such rights will be strangled 
until the system of hospital schools is 
changed. Hospitals must utilize their stu 
dents in meeting the primary purpose of 
patient care. 

The proposed plan for health institutes 
would permit use of federal money, here 
tofore untapped. The NBARN proposes that 
New Brunswick avail herself of financial 
:ance which the Department of Man 
power, under its several training programs, 
can give. 

The NBARN is not satisfied with the 
disposition of its request for implementa 
tion af a new plan for nursing education 
and has asked to meet with the Minister of 
Health to clarify the government s position. 

CICIAMS Convention Theme 
Based on Human Suffering 

Montreal. The International Catholic 
Committee of Nurses and Medical Social 
Assistants held their conference at the Uni 
versity of Montreal. June 20-24. Nearly 
1.400 delegates from all provinces of Can 
ada. 23 American states, and several Eur 
opean countries attended. Theme of the 
conference was human suffering in today s 
world. 

The first panel of speakers concerned 
itself with the challenges presented by 
human suffering. Miss Gabrielle Clerk. 
Ph.D.. professor of psychology at the Uni 
versity of Montreal, emphasized the lone 
liness and need for love of the mentally 
ill. According to Dr. Paul David, director 
of the Institut de Cardiologie de Montreal. 
the basic element of the medical art is 
the ability of the non-sufferer to under 
stand the message of the sufferer. 

Dr. K. Mary Straub. professor of nursing 
science at the Catholic University of Amer 
ica in Washington, spoke of the need for 
nursing services to change in response to 
the demands of modern society. More qual 
ified staff, reorganization of nursing services, 
continuous patient care, and inservice edu- 

AUGUST 1967 



Prenatal Classes for Fathers in USSR 




Organi-ed at Policlinic Two in the city of Lvov (Ukrainian SSR) is the 
"Young Fathers School," which is very popular with families in the area. 
In the course, future fathers are trained, under the guidance of experienced 
doctors and nurses, how to look after newborns properly. 



cation were the main points in her speech. 
Nursing care in psychiatry and the relation 
ship between education and research in the 
field of nursing care were discussed by Sis 
ter Margaret John, professor at Niagara 
University. Niagara. N.V.. and Lt. Col. 
Phyllis J. N erhonick. director of nursing at 
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. 

The general secretary of CICIAMS. Miss 
Ghislaine van Massenhove. a public health 
nurse from Brussels, reviewed the aims of 
the organization. She said it was the duty 
of CICIAMS to fight social, economic, 
cultural, demographic, and sanitary injus 
tices. To do this it must study the prob 
lems and devise plans to promote action. 
These plans have a special meaning to 
Catholic nurses, especially younger ones. 
she said. 

Winnipeg Children s Hospital 
Closes School for One Year 

Winnipeg. Winnipeg Children s Hos 
pital will not admit students to its school 
of nursing this fall. In making the an 



nouncement, Mrs. D.A. Nothstein. hospital 
board president, emphasized that the one- 
year gap does not necessarily mean that 
the hospital school will close permanently. 

Reasons for the closure were given as 
a shortage of qualified instructors and 
inadequate classroom and ward facilities. 

The school of nursing usually accepts 
30 to 35 students for the three-year course. 
In addition, about 60 affiliate students from 
other Manitoba hospitals come for pediatric 
classes and experience. The program for 
affiliated students may be increased. 

Schools of nursing throughout the prov 
ince including the Winnipeg Children s 
Hospital have been investigating a two- 
year educational program. Introduction of 
the shorter program would mean a better 
utilization of existing classroom facilities, 
reported Miss Patricia Scorer, director of 
nursing. 

Two-year educational programs were re 
commended earlier this year by a special 
jommittee studying the shortage of nurses 
in the province. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



Ryerson s Program Studied 

Toronto. A thorough evaluation of the 
new technique employed by the School of 
Nursing at the Ryerson Institute of Tech 
nology, which graduated its first class in 
May of this year, is being conducted by 
Miss Moyra Allen, associate professor of 
nursing. School for Graduate Nurses, Mc- 
Gill University. 

Because of the experimental nature of 
the Ryerson project, it was decided that, 
after a period of five years from its initia 
tion, the Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario would conduct an evaluation of the 
program. In 1966 it arranged with Miss 
Allen to carry out the study. The report 
will not be completed until 1969-70, and will 
undoubtedly constitute a document of his 
toric significance in the development of 
nursing education. 

The RNAO accepted responsibility for 
sponsoring the project in 1963, after briefs 
to the Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices were submitted by provincial organiza 
tions, the Canadian Nurses Association, 
and many university schools of nursing. 
As well, numerous special studies had de 
veloped the view that nursing education 
should move into the system of general 
education as soon as possible. 



The nursing course at Ryerson as con 
ducted in a large technological institute 
where the advantages gained from educa 
tion by the institute s academic staff are 
combined with clinical teaching and expe 
rience in several hospitals. Students in the 
nursing course at Ryerson share academic 
life and extracurricular activities with their 
colleagues in other courses. Hours spent in 
clinical areas are planned solely as edu 
cational experience for the students. 

CMA Moves to Ottawa 

Quebec. -- The Canadian Medical Asso 
ciation will move its headquarters from 
Toronto to Ottawa. The general council, 
policy-making body of the CMA, voted 
two-to-one in favor of the move to the 
capital city at its meeting in Quebec City 
early in June. 

The executive committee will begin plans 
immediately for a new building, at a cost 
of approximately $2 million. 

A move to Ottawa has been considered 
off and on since 1953. Present accommo 
dation in Toronto was becoming crowded 
and the association had to move to larger 
quarters anyway, according to Dr. Arthur 
Peart, CMA general secretary. Centennial 
year both for Canada and the CMA 
seemed a good time to go to Ottawa, 
he said. 

The current tendency toward bilingualism 
and biculturalism was also an influence, 



according to Dr. Reginald Atkinson, gen 
eral council chairman. 

Spokesmen denied that the move was 
influenced by a desire for a government 
lobby. 

New Baccaulaureate 
Program in BC 

Victoria. The University of Victoria 
will establish a school of nursing this 
September, President Malcolm G. Taylor 
announced today. "In its earliest stages, 
the school will offer a basic baccalaureate 
degree for those seeking initial training," 
Dr. Taylor said. 

The school will accept students entering 
the first year of study in 1967-68, if they 
meet the University s general admission 
requirements. The first year of pre-profes- 
sional education in nursing has been offer 
ed in the past through the faculty of arts 
and science. 

The second year of the nursing program 
will be added in 1968-69. The curriculum 
will include hospital courses at local institu 
tions. 

Courses will be offered later for registered 
nurses wishing to complete requirements 
for a bachelor s degree. 

Management of the school will be in 
the hands of a director. The new position 
will advertised immediately. The school was 
established by the Board of Governors on the 




HH. THE AGA KHAN PLATINUM 
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI, KENYA 

TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA P.O. BOX 30270 

HOSPITAL MATRON 




Applications are invited for the post of 
Hospital Matron which falls vacant in 
November, 1967. 

Candidates should be S.R.N., S.C.M, 
lor equivalent) and possession of Nursing 
Administrative Certificate would be of 
advantage. 

The appointment is for a period of 
twenty-four/thirty months and is renew 
able. The salary is at the rate of 2,000 
per annum plus gratuity and fringe 
benefits which include free passages, 
generous leave and subsidised accom 
modation. 

The hospital is located in the garden 
suburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capital 
city of Kenya with a pleasant sunny 
climate and a cost of living that is low 
ind stable. 

The successful candidate must like and 
oe accustomed to working with people 
of different races and nationalities but 
there is no language problem if vou speak 
English. 

The Hospital Matron will be the adviser 
to the Board of Governors on nursing 
policy and be head of the Student Nurse 
Training School 

Further details of tn e hospital and the 
can be obtained from: 

THE ADMINISTRATOR 
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya 



12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



news 



recommendation of the University Senate, 
which is responsible for academic matters. 

17 Regional Schools 
Established in Ontario 

Toronto. Ontario now has 17 regional 
schools of nursing either in operation or 
in the planning stages. Two of these schools, 
the Royal Victoria Regional School in 
Barrie, Ontario, and the Osier School in 
the metropolitan Toronto area, have been 
in operation since September, 1966. Sched 
uled to open this September are the 
Scarborough Regional in Toronto, the Corn 
wall Regional in Cornwall, and the St. 
Clair Regional in Sarnia. 

Contracts for construction of the Corn 
wall school was signed recently at Hotel 
Dieu Hospital in that city. The director of 
the school, Mrs. Tatiana Labekovski said 
that operations would begin out of tem 
porary quarters this fall with a class of 
90 students and nine instructors. 

Preparation of the curriculum for the St. 
Clair Regional School of Nursing in Sarnia 
has been taken over by Miss Una Ridley, 
who recently was appointed director of the 
school. Mrs. Veronica Orton-Johnson as 
sumes her duties as assistant director of the 
Scarborough Regional School August 21. 

According to Miss Jean Watt, director of 
the Ontario College of Nurses, the new re 
gional or central schools are independent, 
non-hospital operated schools. They use 
available hospitals and other agencies for 
clinical experience on an agreement basis. 
This type of school was introduced to the 
general public by the Minister of Health in 
June, 1965, when a suggested provincial 
plan of establishment was first mentioned. 
At that time there were several diploma 
schools in the province that came largerly 
within the definition of regional school, 
even though they were not referred to as 
such. These earlier schools, which include 
the Nightingale School and the Ryerson 
Polytechnical Institute in Toronto, are in 
dependent, with their own boards respon 
sible for finance and the employment of 
faculty. The faculty, in turn, is respons 
ible for the curriculum and students. 

One feature of the regional school is 
that it is a single-discipline school. The 
College of Nurses of Ontario hopes that 
eventually the nursing schools can be part 
of, or at least affiliated with, multidisci- 
plinary educational institutions. At the an 
nual meeting of the Registered Nurses As 
sociation of Ontario in April, delegates ap 
proved a resolution urging the RNAO to 
encourage the integration of present re 
gional schools with the Colleges of Ap 
plied Arts and Technology in the province. 

Other regional schools, still in the plan 
ning stages, are the Guelph, Kirkland Lake, 

AUGUST 1967 



Ottawa, Stratford, Sudbury, London, Owen 
Sound, and Port Arthur Regional schools. 

Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 
Nurses Sign Contract with 
Health Unit 

Cornwall, Out. A contract signed on 
June 23, 1967, by the Board of Health 
and the Nurses Association of the Stor 
mont, Dundas, and Glengarry Health Unit 
ended a 10-month greylisting of the unit 
by the Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario. 

Under the 13-month contract, retroactive 
to May 1, 1967, salaries for public health 
nurses are $5.250 to $6,500 a year, with 
five annual increments of $250. The in 
creases range from $262 to $1,300 a year, 
a total salary adjustment of 17 percent, 
including increments. 

Three weeks vacation during the first 
four years and four weeks after five years 
service, plus 1 1 statutory holidays are 
provided. Illness allowance is one and a 
half days per month, accumulative to 180 
working days. 

Role of Nurse Clinician 
Defined At Regional Meeting 

Ottawa. More than 100 nurses attend 
ed a three-day session on the role of the 
nurse clinician held in Ottawa in mid-May. 



These sessions were organized by the Com 
mittee on Nursing Education of the Otta 
wa East and West Chapters of the RNAO. 
Guest speaker was Mrs. Faye Moss, 
clinical research nurse at the City of Hope 
Hospital, California. The speaker describ 
ed the nurse clinician as one who : 

1. is hired to serve at the bedside and 
will maintain the direct surveillance of the 
care given to the patient by the other mem 
bers of the team; 

2. assumes the complete responsibility for 
continuity and coordination of nursing care 
for all the patients who are assigned to 
her; 

3. has received postgraduate educational 
preparation; 

4. is convinced of the importance of 
giving nursing care of high quality. 

"A degree alone does not make a spe 
cialist," says Mrs. Moss. "We will have to 
learn to rely on other criteria as well as the 
degree to judge competence." 

Programs in nursing education at the 
university level should be directed toward 
care of the patient instead of the admin 
istrative aspect. The nurse clinician must 
be sensitive to or aware of all methods 
of communication. She must be able to 
"manipulate" groups as well as individuals. 
She must be an expert in nursing care. She 
must be able to document herself and must 



educational working package 




POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT KIT 



A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for lleostomy 
and Ileal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man 
agement of the patient 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.00. Request 765 CM. 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



Tube a a 

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simplify bandaging fingers, toes, 
hands, feet, legs, arms, head and 
body. Because Tubegauz is double- 
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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



news 



be able to do some research without being 
a researcher. 

Hospitals and agencies that employ nurse 
clinicians must delegate administrative func 
tions to another category of personnel. 
They must also offer salaries that are com 
parable to salaries offered to nurses in ad 
ministrative positions, 

The speaker described categories of nurses 
employed by the City of Hope Hospital. 
There, two types of general duty nurses 
and three types of nurse clinicians are em 
ployed. This plan was introduced in 1964. 
According to Mrs. Moss, the turnover 
rate is lower with the nurse clinician. 

Even though the nurse clinician has 
complete responsibility for nursing care, 
one has to be careful not to give the im 
pression that she will not collaborate with 
other members of the team or that she 
would be a jack of all trades. On the con 
trary, her functions must be very well defin 
ed. 

Continuing Education Courses 
For BC Nurses 

Vancouver. Dr. J.F. McCreary, Dean 
of the Faculty of Medicine at the Univer 
sity of British Columbia, has announced 
that four continuing education courses for 
registered nurses will be offered during 
the 1967-68 academic year. They will be 
given in cooperation with the Vancouver 
General Hospital, with the sponsorship of 
the Registered Nurses Association of B.C. 

The first of these, in obstetrical nursing, 
will be held on October 12th and 13th, 
1967. Guest teacher will be Dr. Ronald J. 
Pion, associate professor, Department of 
Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University 
of Washington. Some of the subjects to be 
reviewed include a demonstration and dis 
cussion on preparation and support for 
labor; up-dating basic sciences; a demon 
stration of new intravenous devices and 
techniques; an evaluation of some old 
obstetrical traditions; and a major address 
and discussion on the nurse s role in sex 
education and family planning in the com 
munity. 

The other three courses will be on sur 
gical nursing, December 7th and 8th, 1967; 
medical nursing, April 4th and 5th, 1968; 
and mental health aspects of nursing, May 
9th and 10th, 1968. 

In addition, a course on the care of the 
high risk newborn infant will be offered 
to physicians and registered nurses from 
January 24th to 26th, 1968. Directors of 
nursing may obtain additional information 
from the Department of Continuing Medical 
Education, University of British Columbia, 
Vancouver 8, B.C. 



UNM Begins Work on Contracts 

Montreal. The United Nurses of Mon 
treal, the collective bargaining unit of Dis 
trict 1 1 of the Association of Nurses of the 
Province of Quebec, is now certified tc 
negotiate with 28 hospitals and agencies 

Executive officers of the UNM recently 
met with the administrative representatives 
of these hospitals, agencies, industries and 
schools. The first part of a contract covering 
staff nurses, assistant head nurses, and 
teachers of nursing has been approved 
by UNM membership and was presented to 
the representatives for review. UNM plans 
to present Part Two of the contract, which 
will cover head nurses, supervisors, and 
directors of nursing, in the near future. 

The general purpose of the contract is 
to assist in development of various nursing 
services offered to the public and to pro 
mote the quality of nursing. Specifically the 
contract : 

provides nursing personnel in the hos 
pital, agency or industry with a forum to 
make explicit those conditions in the work 
situation and for the nurse as a person 
that are necessary for the provision of a high 
quality of nursing care. 

makes manifest procedures within 
which the hospital and the nurses may 
work together to attain the desired condi 
tion for the work of nursing. 

establishes mutually satisfactory em 
ployment conditions between hospital, agen 
cy, industry, or school and the licensed 
nurses. 

UNM hopes to begin negotiations in the 
near future for both groups of nurses. 

Quebec Extends Outpatient 
Services 

Quebec. On June 28, 1967, the Que 
bec Minister of Health, the Honorable Jean- 
Paul Cloutier, stated that as of July 1st, 
1967, hospitalization insurance would now 
cover the cost of medical examinations per 
formed in outpatient clinics of any hospitals 
under the hospitalization insurance contract. 

At the recommendation of their doctor, 
patients living within the province will be 
entitled to these new services. 

These additional services are seen as a 
necessary step toward the establishment of 
health insurance. Laboratory tests, radio- 
diagnosis including diagnosis with the use 
of isotopes, electro-encephalograms as well 
as electrocardiograms and photocardiograms 
are among the services that will be covered, 
together with any other test that can be 
performed in an outpatient clinic. 

BC Psychiatric Nurses Dispute 
Goes to Fact Finding Panel 

Vancouver. - - On May 26, after 17 
straight hours of talk, the British Columbia 
Civil Service Commission and the negotia 
tion committee of the Psychiatric Nurses 
(Continued on page 16) 

AUGUST 1967 



In spite of today s apparent explosion 

in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 



A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 

This small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con 
sulted unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 

One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls whether 




or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
doctors all should be provided with in 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 

To assist you in explaining menstru 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 



1. Israel. S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen. 
Virginia L.: J. Am. M. Women s A. 20:557, 1965. 



TAMPAX 



SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION -LTD., 
BARRIE, ONT. 



AUGUST 1967 



Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons. 



Name_ 



Address^ 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



Association of B.C. reached an agreement. 
The settlement averted a mass resignation 
of 880 psychiatric and 16 registered nurses 
who had threatened to quit on June 1 
unless the Commission agreed to binding 
arbitration on working conditions. 

The settlement that averted the walkout 
called for: impartial fact finding panels to 
be set up to resolve salary disputes, the 
recommendations of the panel being binding 
to both parties; a new Psychiatric Nurses 
Act to be sent to the 1968 session of the 
Legislature as a companion bill to the 
Registered Nurses Act; establishment and 
strict adherence to grievance procedures; 
improvement of negotiation procedures; no 
official recognition of the professional as 
sociation as bargaining agent. The remaining 
19 items, including salary scales, were still 
unresolved, but further meetings are taking 
place. 

The dispute over salaries and working 
conditions has been going on for over nine 
months. The psychiatric nurses group had 
first threatened to resign at the beginning 
of April. The handing in of resignations was 
called off when the Civil Service Commis 
sion announced a fact finding panel would 
be set up early in April. 



At the end of April, however, limitations 
to the panel s scope were announced by 
the government. Barred from discussion 
were binding arbitration, recognition of the 
professional association, grievance procedu 
res, collection of membership dues, and ne 
gotiation procedures. This situation led to 
the submission of registrations on May 15. 

The issues are still far from settled, and 
further negotiations, especially those involv 
ing salaries, will be carried on for at least 
the next two months, according to Mr. D.L. 
Wenham, executive secretary of the Psy 
chiatric Nurses Association. 

Memorial Scholarship 
For (Catherine MacLaggan 

Frederic/on. A Katherine E. MacLag 
gan Memorial Scholarship will be awarded 
annually, beginning in 1967-1968, at the 
University of New Brunswick School of 
Nursing. 

Dr. MacLaggan was a native of Frederic- 
ton, and first director of the school of 
nursing at the University of New Brunswick. 
She was elected president of the Canadian 
Nurses Association in July, 1966, and 
died February 6, 1967 in Saint John. 

The scholarship is to be awarded from 
the Katherine E. MacLaggan Memorial 
Scholarship Fund, to be held in trust by the 
University. It will go to a student entering 
her final year in the University s basic 



baccalaureate program, possessing a high 
academic standing, and demonstrating ex 
cellence in nursing practice. Enquiries con 
cerning the fund should be made to C. L. 
Mahan, Comptroller, University of New 
Brunswick. 

Second Symposium on Drug 
Safety 

Ottawa. - The second symposium on 
drug safety, sponsored by the Federal Food 
and Drug Directorate, of the Department of 
National Health and Welfare, took place 
here on June 29 and 30, 1967. It was at 
tended by nearly 400 doctors, pharmacists, 
researchers, scientists, and drug manufac 
turers. 

Officially opening the sessions, Dr. J.N. 
Crawford, deputy minster of national health, 
noted that public concern over drug safety 
has risen rapidly and remains at a high 
level. "This professional and lay concern has 
resulted in increased legislation," he point 
ed out. "But research is necessary if the 
consumer is to be adequately protected. 
This symposium gives us an opportunity 
to collate the knowledge from the special 
ties," he added. 

The symposium, titled "Some Aspects of 
Drug Safety," was held is honor of Dr. L.I. 
Pugsley, recently retired as deputy director 
general of the Food and Drug Directorate. 



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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



news 



Centennial Homecoming 
Program Held by Ottawa Civic 
Hospital 

Ottawa. The Ottawa Civic Hospital re 
cently held a three-day centennial home 
coming program. Past members of the hos 
pital staff came from as far away as South 
Africa, Bermuda, and Trinidad and were en 
thusiastic in their enjoyment of the medical 
and nursing archives and displays and ani 
mated exhibits of many facets of the mod 
ern hospital. 

Guided tours of the hospital in general 
and some specialized departments, such as 
cancer clinic, radioisotope department, x-ray 
and laboratory were much appreciated. 
Short film shows were offered, including 
"The Vigil," "Stand By for Life," "A Pos 
ition of Trust," and "A Century of Cana 
dian Medicine." Alternatively, such varied 
subjects as pre-diabetes; skin cancer; instant 
prosthesis; experimental kidney transplant; 
and open heart sugery were topics for in 
formal talks by specialist members of the 
medical staff. 

The guest speaker at the well-attended of 
ficial luncheon was The Honorable Matthew 
B. Dymond, Minister of Health for Onta 
rio. He gave a thoughtful and analytical 
look at hospitals and did some crystal- 
gazing into the future. 

A reception and dance, a trip to Upper 
Canada Village, and a sightseeing tour of 
Ottawa were some of the items enjoyed dur 
ing the three days. 

The hospital auxiliary provided a baby 
sitting service each day from 9:00 A.M. to 
5:00 P.M. with free lunch, organized games, 
story groups, and films. 



Day s Pay Furnishes Room 




Nursing staff of St. Vincent de Paul s General Hospital, Brockville, proved 
that in an age of administration problems, nurses are not oblivious to the 
troubles of their hospital. Each member of the nursing staff voluntarily con 
tributed a day s pay to furnish a semi-private room in the new wing of the 
hospital Sister Mary Hilarion, superior, receives a cheque for $1,600 on be 
half of Mother Mary Angelica, administrator. Sister called it a heart-warming 
gesture typical of the interest of the staff of he hospital. Mrs. Anne Bedard 
made the presentation. Behind, left to right, are some of the contributing 
nurses: Mrs. Mildred Bigford, Mrs. Beverly Libitz, Mrs. Rose McDougall, 
Mrs. Anna Kelly, and Mrs. Ann Cameron. 



An informal luncheon on the hospital 
lawn brought the centennial homecoming 
program to a close and left everyone won 
dering what changes lay ahead for the Civic 
Hospital. A model of the master plan to be 
developed over the next five years was 
shown. 



At the Ottawa Civic Hospital Centennial Homecoming Program held June 18-21 , 
uniforms representative of the two hospitals that amalgamated with the Civic 
Hospital when it opened in 1925 were shown. Left: Ottawa Civic Hospital; 
middle: St. Luke s Hospital; right: Lady Stanley Institute. The gentleman on 
the left was dressed to represent the president of the board at the time of opening. 




AUGUST 1967 



Psychiatric Museum Opens at 
St-Michel-Archange Hospital 

Montreal. A weird electroshock appar 
atus, a coffin for the living, a gruesome 
tranquilizer chair, and other inventions that 
would have scared a specialist in Chinese 
torture will be part of a new psychiatric 
museum at Hopital St-Michel-Archange in 
Quebec. The museum was set up for dele 
gates to the Canadian Medical Association 
and Canadian Association of Psychiatrists 
Conventions held in the city in June. 

The museum demonstrates some of the 
methods utilized in the treatment of mental 
diseases before the 20th century. It was es 
tablished by the Hoffman-La Roche Com 
pany with the collaboration of St-Michel- 
Archange Hospital. Numerous and various 
methods utilized to scare the sickness out of 
the patient are shown. 

A tranquilizing chair considered as one of 
the most accomplished restraint devices ever 
invented, and an "English Coffin" so narrow 
that the patient inside had to stand in one 
position, are part of the macabre exhibit. 
As well, a device for electroshock invented 
in 1 765 by the Reverend John Wesley, 
founder of the Methodist church, is pre 
sented. Other methods of the time included 
whipping, immersion, powerful vomitants, 
laxatives, and hallucinating drugs. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



names 



The Board of Directors of the Interna 
tional Council of Nurses has announced the 
resignation of Helen Nussbaum, executive 
director of the ICN. 

Miss Nussbaum, Swiss by birth, took her 
general nurse training with the Italian Red 
Cross in Naples, then went to England to 
work in an obstetrical unit. She returned 
to Naples as an operating theatre nurse, 
before going to Switzerland to train for 
the Swiss graduate nurse diploma, which 
she earned in 1935. She served in her native, 
country until 1945. 

Twelve years service in Greece included 
work for the United Nations Relief and 
Rehabilitation Administration, the World 
Health Organization, and the International 
Committee of the Red Cross. 

Miss Nussbaum became executive secre 
tary of the Swiss Association of Graduate 
Nurses on returning to her country in 
1958. In 1961 she accepted the position of 
general secretary, now the office of execu 
tive director, of the ICN. In May of this 
year she received the Florence Nightingale 
Medal from the International Committee 
of the Red Cross. Failing health was given 
as the reason for her retirement. 

Succeeding Miss 
Nussbaum as director 
of the International 
Council of Nurses is 
Sheila Quinn, present 
ly deputy director. 

Miss Quinn, a state 
registered nurse and 
state certified midwife, 
took post-basic studies 

in ward administration at the Royal College 
of Nursing, London, England, and received 
the Nurse Tutor Diploma from the Univer 
sity of London. Joining the staff of the 
Prince of Wales Hospital, London, in 1951, 
she attained the position of principal sister 
tutor. During this time she studied for a 
B.Sc. degree in economics from the Uni 
versity of London, graduating in 1959. 

She joined the staff of the ICN in 1961 
as director of the newly-created Division 
of Social and Economic Welfare. In August 
of last year she accepted the position of 
deputy director. 

She became executive director designate 
on Miss Nussbaum s retirement, and as 
sumes the title of the executive director on 
January 1, 1968. 

Shirley R. Good has been appointed nur 
sing consultant, higher education, of the 
Canadian Nurses Association. She assumed 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 





her duties at CNA 
House on July 10, 
1967. 

Miss Good, a gra 
duate of Women s Col 
lege Hospital, Toron 
to, holds a certificate 
in clinical supervision, 
medical-sugical nurs 
ing, from the Univer 
sity of Toronto. She obtained a B.Sc.N. 
and M.Ed, from Drury College, Spring 
field, Missouri. 

She has worked in hospitals in Wawa, 
Ontario, and Toronto. Later, she went to 
Springfield Baptist Hospital, attaining the 
position of associate director, nursing edu 
cation, and medical nursing instructor. 

In 1962 she accepted the position of 
lecturer in nursing service administration 
at the University of Western Ontario. Prior 
to her appointment to the CNA, Miss Good 
attended Teachers College, with the aid of 
a Canadian Nurses Foundation Scholarship, 
and earned a doctorate in education. 

H. Evelyn Mallory 

retires this month as 
professor and director 
of the school of nurs 
ing, University of Brit 
ish Columbia. A 1925 
graduate of the school 
of nursing of Winni 
peg General Hospital, 
Miss Mallory worked 
at the Children s Hospital, Winnipeg for two 
years as an instructor in the school of nurs 
ing and assistant director of nursing service. 
She obtained her bachelor of science 
degree in 1930 and became educational 
director, Winnipeg General Hospital School 
of Nursing. In 1932, she became an in 
structor of nursing sciences at the Vancouver 
General Hospital School of Nursing, a 
position she held for three years until her 
return to Children s Hospital, Winnipeg, 
where she became director of nursing and 
director of the school of nursing for six 
years. 

In 1941 Miss Mallory returned to British 
Columbia and served for three years as 
registrar, and educational adviser to schools 
of nursing, of the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of British Columbia. She first join 
ed the faculty of the University of British 
Columbia in 1942 as associate professor, 
Department of Nursing and Health. She 
obtained her MA from Teachers College, 
Columbia University, and in 1951 was ap 
pointed professor and director, school of 
nursing, University of British Columbia. 





Active in many professional organizations 
Miss Mallory has been president of the 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
President of the Canadian Conference Uni 
versity Schools of Nursing, and member 
of the Expert Advisory Panel on Nursing 
of the World Health Organization. 

Vera Osrapovirch, a 

graduate of the school 
of nursing of Saska 
toon City Hospital, 
was recently appointed 
director of nursing at 
Moose Jaw Union 
Hospital, Moose Jaw, 
Saskatchewan. 

After graduation, 
Miss Ostapovitch undertook postgraduate 
study in obstetrical nursing at the Vancou 
ver General Hospital and went on to obtain 
a diploma in teaching and supervision from 
the University of Saskatchewan School of 
Nursing in 1956. She received both her 
bachelor s and master s degrees in nursing 
administration from the University of Min 
nesota. 

Prior to her present appointment, Miss 
Ostapovitch was nursing service advisor for 
the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation in Regina. Her other experience in 
cludes positions as director of nursing at 
Yorkton General Auxiliary Hospital, York- 
ton, and medical supervisor at University 
Hospital in Saskatoon. From 1961 to 1965 
she was associate director of nursing at 
Winnipeg General Hospital. 

Miss Ostapovitch has held executive posi 
tions with the SRNA, including that of pres 
ident of the Yorkton Chapter and she is 
presently nursing service advisor. 

Six Canadian nurses who recently joined 
the staff of the World Health Organization 
visited headquarters of WHO in Geneva 
before taking up their assignments with the 
Organization. 

Edith Matte has been appointed as public 
health nurse educator in Libreville, Gabon. 
Miss Matte was health visitor with the Minis 
try of Health in Quebec, and prior to this 
she was a team leader at the Hotel Dieu, 
Montreal. 

Amelia Pinset, a former instructor in nurs 
ing education at the Toronto General Hospi 
tal, and before that, at The Montreal Gener 
al Hospital, has been assigned to the nursing 
education team in Cairo. 

Teresa Knapik, who was previously in 
structor in nursing science at the Foothills 
School of Nursing, Calgary, has been ap 
pointed as public health nurse in Gambia. 

AUGUST 1967 



names 




From the same hospital in Calgary, where 
she was instructor in nursing fundamentals. 
Margaret Sbenningsen has joined the WHO 
team at the Post-Basic Nursing Department 
at the University of Ghana in Legon. 

Dorothy Mixuhara, who for the past ten 
years has been public health nursing super 
visor with the Child Health Association in 
Montreal, has now been appointed public 
health nursing educator in Zambia. 

Marie- Vcroniquc Couiliard, has joined the 
WHO staff at the School of Nursing, 
Niamey, Niger, as medical/surgical nurse 
educator. In her previous position Miss 
Couillard was curriculum director at the 
Hotel Dieu, Edmundston, New Brunswick. 

Mary E. Wilkins 

was recently appoint 
ed director of nursing 
at the Ontario Hospi 
tal, Brockville, Ontar 
io. 

A graduate of the 
school of nursing of 

the Ontario Hospital, 

Mrs. Wilkins did un 
dergraduate and postgraduate work at St. 
Michael s Hospital, Toronto. She went on 
to gain a certificate in nursing education 
and administration from the University of 
Toronto School of Nursing in 1946. 

She has worked at the Ontario Hospi 
tal since graduating. She has held positions 
as supervisor, instructor, and assistant dir 
ector of nursing. 

Mrs. Wilkins has been active on several 
committees of the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario, and is currently presi 
dent of the Nurses Alumnae of the Ontario 
Hospital School of Nursing. 

"It was an interesting and exciting job 
and it has given me a broader perspective," 
said Beverly Marie DuGas describing her 
past two years as nurse educator in Chandi 
garh, India. Mrs. DuGas visited CNA 
House in June, on her way home to Van 
couver. 

She became involved with the World 
Health Organization in July, 1965 when 
she was approached for the position as 
nurse educator. "Always interested in trav 
eling and in doing something in another 
part of the world" she was not long in 
deciding to accept. 

Her job in Chandigarh was to help expand 
and develop nursing education programs at 
the university level. She was also involved 
in teaching curriculum development and me 
thods of teaching. Students in India she 
described as "the same as in Canada 
delightful." The educational system is sim 
ilar to Britain s and their uniforms are 
similar to ours. Some nurses in both Delhi 

AUGUST 1967 




and Chandigarh wear white saris, however. 
Mrs. DuGas graduated from the school 
of nursing at the Vancouver General Hos 
pital in 1945 and received her B.A. the 
same year from the University of British 
Columbia. She obtained her master of 
nursing degree in nursing school adminis 
tration from the University of Washington 
in Seattle. Immediately prior to joining 
WHO she was associate director of nursing 
(education) at the Vancouver General Hos 
pital, a position she held from 1957 to 
1965. This year, the book: Fundamentals of 
Nursing, which she wrote in collaboration 
with Mrs. Barbara Kozier, was published by 
the W.B. Saunders Company. 

Una Ridley, former 
director of nursing at 
the Sarnia General 
Hospital, Sarnia, On 
tario, recently was ap 
pointed director of the 
St. Clair Regional 
School of Nursing in 
Sarnia. 

A graduate of the 
Kingston Public Hospital, Jamaica, she at 
tended a Nurse Midwifery Course, graduat 
ing in 1958 from the Luton Maternity Hos 
pital, Luton, England. She received her 
bachelor of science in nursing degree from 
Assumption University of Windsor in 1963. 
Miss Ridley had experience as a school 
and general duty nurse in Jamaica before 
becoming head nurse at Rush Green Hos 
pital in Romford, England. In 1961 she 
moved to the Grace Salvation Army Hos 
pital in Windsor to become an instructor 
in pediatrics. 

She accepted her new post on March 1. 
1967, and with it the responsibility of 
planning the curriculum for the new school. 

Veronica Orton- 
Johnson has been ap 
pointed assistant di 
rector of the Scarbo 
rough Regional School 
of Nursing, West Hill, 
Ontario. She will take 
up her duties August 
21, 1967. 

A graduate of the 

Regina General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Mrs. Orton-Johnson obtained her bachelor 
of nursing degree from McGill University. 
She has taught at the Regina General Hospi 
tal in Saskatchewan and the Hospital for 
Sick Children in Toronto. Prior to her pre 
sent appointment at the Scarborough Re 
gional School of Nursing, Mrs. Orton-John 
son taught for four years at the Nightingale 
School of Nursing in Toronto. 

The people of Trout River, Bonne Bay, 
Newfoundland, have shown their apprecia 
tion for 10 years of devoted service as a 
public health nurse to Audrey Jakeman 
by naming a school in her honor. D 



Nom rim 

id by Nurses Everywhere? V 

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With 1 line 
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With 2 lines 
lettering 



Largest-selling among nurses! Superb lifetime quality . . 

smooth rounded edges . . featherweight, lies flat . 

deeply engraved, and lacquered. Snow-white plastic will 

not yellow. Satisfaction guaranteed. TOUr 1 DISCOUNTS. 
SMART IDEA: Order 2 identical (same name) Pins at discount 
prices, as precaution against loss and 
added convenience (less changing). 



510 Smart snow white 
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100 White plastic, gold 
or silver metal frame. 

169 Tailored all-metal. 
pol. {Old or silver plated. 



1 Pin only 

2 identical 



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2 identical 



.60 
1.00* 



1.25* 
2.00* 



.90* 
1.60* 



1.55 
2.60 



* IMPORTANT Please add 25c per order handling charge on all orders of 
3 pins or less. GROUP DISCOUNTS: 25-99 pins, 5%; 100 or more, 10% 





CROSS Pen and Pencil 



World famous Cross writing instruments with 
Sculptured Caduceus Emblem. Lifetime guarantee. 

1Z_KT. GOLD FILLED LUSTROUS CHROME 

No. 6603 $7.50 No. 3503 $4-50 

No. 6602 7.50 No. 3502 4.50 

No. 6601 15.00 No. 3501 9.00 



r*-mr*ft i :/-rU* n r w th Caduceus 
ZIPIPO Lighter Emblem 

Famous Zippo. chrome finish, engraved green and 
yellow Caduceus. Lifetime "Fix-it-Free" Guarantee 
No. 1610 Lighter 6.00 ea. ppd. 



Waterproof NURSES WATCH 

Swiss made, raised silver full numerals, lumin. mark 
ings Red-tipped sweep second hand, chrome stainless 
case. Stainless expansion band plus FREE black leather 
strap. I yr. guarantee. 
No. 06-925 12.95 ea. ppd. 



BANDAGE SHEARS 

Professional, precision shears, forged 
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TO REEVtS COMPANY, Attleboro. Mass 02703 U.S. A 



Please send H 1 Pin ED2 Pins (same name) 

STYLE NO a s shown above 

METAL FINISH (100 or 169): DGold DSilver 

LETTERING COLOR D Black D Dark Blue 



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ORDER NO. 


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Send to 

Street 

City State Zip 

[] Send Complete Nurses /terns Catalog 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 







POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR 

(Patent Pending) 

The Posey Heel Protector serves to protect 
the heel of the foot and prevents irritation 
from rubbing. Constructed of slick, pliable 
plastic, lined with artificial lamb s wool. Can 
be washed or outoclaved. No. HP-63ALW. 
$3.90 eo. $7.80 pr. 



NO. 66 
POSEY BELT 

Patent Pending 




This new 
Posey Beit 
provides safe 
ty to a bed 
1 patient yet 
permits him 
to turn from side to 
side. Also allows sitting 
up, if belt is slackened. 
Made of strong, rein 
forced white cotton webbing; with flannel- 
lined canvas reinforced insert. Strap passes 
under bed after a turn around spring rail to 
anchor. Friction-type buckles. Buckle is un 
der side of bed out of patient s sight and 
reach. Also available in Key-Lock model 
which attaches to each side of bed. Small, 
medium and large sizes. No. 66. $8.10. Key- 
Lock Belt, No. K66, $13.95. 




POSEY SAFETY BELT 

Patented 

Allows maximum freedom with safe re 
straint. An improvement over sideboards, 
the Posey belt is designed to be under the 
patient and out of the way. Belt and bed 
strap are of heavy white cotton webbing; 
loop and pad of cotton flannel. Friction-type, 
rust-resistant buckles. Small, Medium and 
Large sizes. Safety Belt, No. S-141, $6.75. 
(Extra heavy construction with key-lock 
buckles, No. P-453, $19.80) 

POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 

6. C. HOLLINGSHEAD LIMITED 

64 Gerrard Street E. 
Toronto 2, Canada 



dates 



August 21-24, 1967 

American Hospital Association, 69th 
annual meeting, Chicago s Internation 
al Amphitheatre, Chicago. 

August 25-31, 1967 

Fifth International Congress of Physi 
cal Medicine. To be held at the Queen 
Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 

August 27 - September 2, 1967 

First North American Conference on 
the Family to be held at Laval Uni 
versity, Quebec City. For information, 
registration forms, write: Mr. Pierre 
Brien, P.O. Box 71 7, Quebec 4, P.Q. 

September, 1967 

Registered Nurses Association of 
Prince Edward Island, Annual Meet 
ing. 

September 4-6, 1967 

Canadian Association of Medical Rec 
ord Librarians, 25th Annual Meeting, 
Holiday Inn, Montreal. 

September 7-8; 1967 

New Brunswick Hospital Association, 
Annual Meeting, Algonquin Hotel, St. 
Andrew s, N.B. 

September 7-10, 1967 

United Ostomy Association, Inc. Fifth 
Annual Convention. To be held at 
Holiday Inn, 420 Sherbrooke Street 
West, Montreal. Nurses invited. Guest 
speaker: Dr. Rupert Turnbull, Cleve 
land Clinic. 10 manufacturers of 
ostomy equipment will exhibit. Infor 
mation: Mrs. Helen Litwin, 4635 Ox 
ford Ave., Montreal 29, P.Q. 

September 11-12, 1967 

Catholic Hospital Conference of Al 
berta, Annual Convention, Edmonton. 

September 19-22, 1967 

I Oth Conference on Mental Retarda 
tion. Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City. 
For further information write: Mrs. 
D.M. Scott, National Conference 
Chairman, 281 Huron Street, London, 
Ontario. 

September 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen Hospital 
School of Nursing, New Glasgow, 
Nova Scotia. Write: Mrs. Allison Mac- 
Culloch, R.R. #2, New Glasgow, Pic- 
tou Co., Nova Scotia. 



20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Late September, 1967 

The Saskatoon City Hospital graduates 
in Eastern Ontario are planning a 
reunion in St. Catharines, Ontario. 
Would graduates of the school in 
Eastern Canada please send names, 
year of graduation, and addresses to : 
Miss Ruth Schinbein, West Lincoln 
Memorial Hospital, Grimsby, Ontario. 

October 8-11, 1967 

Community Planning Association of 

Canada, Centennial Year National 

Planning Conference, Ottawa. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President of 
the Alumnae Association, School for 
Graduate Nurses, 361 8 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 

October 24-27, 1967 

Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Con 
ducted by the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation. Location: School of Nursing, 
Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

October 21, 1967 

Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re 
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita 
tion Foundation for the Disabled and 
Ontario Society for Crippled Children, 
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D. 
A. Gibson, Suite 1 028, 123 Edward 
St., Toronto 2, Ontario. 

November 7-9, 1967 

9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 

May, 1968 

Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 

July, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association General 
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon, Sas 
katchewan. 

AUGUST 1967 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 








Dat-EK 

(COMPUTER INSTRUMENTS) 
Description Dat-EK records electrocar 
diograms, and transmits them in electronic 
code over a telephone line to a central 
computer, where they are analyzed in 
seconds. Readings are returned to source, 
usually over an electronic printer, for use 
of attending physician. Photo shows an 
electrocardiogram being taken on Dat-EK 
for transmission to computer. 

For information write: Computer Instru 
ments Corporation, 92 Madison Avenue, 
Hempstead, L.I., New York 11550. 

Portagen 

(MEAD JOHNSON) 

Description -- A nutritionally complete 
powder formulated with a special fat mix 
ture consisting of medium chain triglycer- 
ides (derived from coconut dil) plus small 
but nutritionally ample quantities of the 
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, as 
safflower oil. 

Indications For use in the nutritional 
management of infants and adults who do 
not efficiently digest and absorb conven 
tional long-chain food fats. The triglycerides 
contained in Portagen are more easily and 
more rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed than 

AUGUST 1967 



the triglycerides of long-chain fatty acids 
present in conventional food fats. For use 
also in pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid 
deficiency, intestinal resection, lymphatic 
anomalies, steatorrhea. 

Administration Portagen powder can 
be prepared as an infant formula or as a 
beverage. 

Further information may be obtained 
from Mead Johnson Laboratories, 111 St. 
Clair Ave. W., Toronto 7, Ont. 

Monosticon 

(ORGANON) 

Description A rapid slide test for 
infectious mononucleosis that can be per 
formed on whole blood, serum, or plasma. 
Neutralizing antigens (beef and guinea pig) 
are supplied to provide a definitive diag 
nosis of infectious mononucleosis. The re 
cently released test adapts the complex and 
time-consuming heterophile differential test 
of Davidsohn to a glass slide. Now, it is 
possible and practical to diagnose infec 
tious mononucleosis accurately in two 
minutes, using only three drops of finger 
tip blood instead of blood obtained by 
venipuncture. 

The Monosticon slide test permits almost 
instant confirmation or exclusion of in 
fectious mononucleosis in patients with sug 
gestive symptoms. It permits the screen 
ing of large groups of people living or 
working in close contact, e.g., schools, col 
leges, nursing homes and other institutions. 
Monosticon Quantitative, a companion 
titration test, permits serial dilutions to de 
termine precisely the liter or quantitative 
level of the heterophile antibody during the 
course of the patient s illness. Results are 
reported in the same terms as the David 
sohn differential test. 

For information on procedure, precau 
tions or further background, write: Orga- 
non Inc., 286 St. Paul Street West, Mont 
real, P.Q. 



Microlax 

(PHARMACIA) 

Description A new disposable micro- 
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate, 
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and 
a small amount of glycerin. 

Indications Constipation in rectum 
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg 
nancy; encopresis, coprostasis; constipation 
associated with confinements or surgery; and 
as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sigmoi- 
doscopic examinations. 

Dosage Adults and children: Rectal 
application of the contents of one tube. 
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20 
minutes after the administration of Micro- 
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube 
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle. 

For further information write: Pharma 
cia (Canada) Ltd., HO Place Cremazie, 
Suite 41 2, Montreal, P.Q. 

Defibrillator 

(GENERAL ELECTRIC) 

Description A D.C. Defibrillator for 
emergency use in cardiac intensive care 
suites. The unit is designed to correct ven 
tricular fibrillation, artial fibrillation and 
ventricular tachycardia by reinstating the 
rhythmic contractions of the heart. It does 
this by providing a pulse of electrical en 
ergy through the heart, across the closed 
chest or directly across the heart, thus de 
polarizing all of the heart cells. 

The new unit is available with an op 
tional QRS synchronizer which accepts am 
plified ECG signals from a cardiac monitor, 
identifies the portion of the signals asso 
ciated with ventricular contraction, then 
triggers the Defibrillator. The QRS syn 
chronizer insures that the delivery of the 
electrical pulse will not occur during the 
vulnerable T-wave period. 

For more information about cardiac care 
equipment and systems, write to your local 
General Electric x-ray Department. 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 




When the 
callisfor"Stat. / 
diagnostic findings 

. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 



LABSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 

DEXTROSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 

CLINITEST* Reagent Tablets provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLINITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 

Reliable Reproducible Results 

AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend 
able clues to abnormal conditions when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 



Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 

Registered Trademarks 



AfS/IE 



CAM-03366 



22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



in a capsule 



Different Approach 

Nursing is different at Brattleboro, Ver 
mont. Each nurse works with one doctor, 
and she is responsible for taking care of 
his patients no matter what ward they 
are on. 

Practical nurses are trained to take over 
administrative duties, and purely secretarial 
jobs are handled by unit clerks. All ward 
charge nurses are practical nurses directed 
by an RN supervisor. 

This system was started by Mr. Joseph 
LaVoie, former director of nursing, and 
continued by Mrs. Hilda Packard, current 
director of nursing. 

A refreshing approach and it apparently 
works. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 
vol. 4, no. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1966, p. 613. 

Clue to Color in Negroes, Whites 

Quantitive differences in the level of an 
enzyme in compounded form show up in 
Negro and white people and may actually 
affect pigmentation, reported Drs. Kenneth 
M. Halprin and Akira Ohkawara of the 
University of Oregon Medical School. 

Dr. Halprin said measurable differences 
were found in glutathione reductase, a body 
enzyme which affects the level of gluta 
thione, which in turn inhibits melanin forma 
tion. In the original study, involving seven 
white and seven Negro persons, whites had 
a high level of glutathione reductase, Ne 
groes a low level. One Indian student had a 
level in-between Negreos and whites. 

"We aren t saying that this enzyme af 
fects pigmentation," Dr. Halprin said. "It s 
a theory, though we have no proof as yet, 
and we know of no way of getting inside 
the cell to prove it." 

Since the original study, the same quan 
titative differences have been found in 15 
more Negro and white persons. 

Dr. Halprin said there is some evidence 
that the enzymes may be different proteins 
in the two races. Applied Therapeutics, 
January 1967, volume 9, no. 1, p. 40. 

Is It Worth It? 

Physical and psychological effects of "the 
Pill" have become a major source for news 
paper headlines of late. The controversy 
ultimately boils down to a choice between 
psychological benefits or physical draw 
backs. The latest argument against taking 
the contraceptive pill comes from a Dutch 
doctor, Dr. J.G. DeFares of Leiden Univer 
sity, who says evidence points to the con 
clusion that the pill produces in women a 
condition comparable to that after the meno- 

AUCUST 1967 



pause. He describes the effect of the pill 
as "creeping, subclinical, but radical," ac 
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail. 
He goes on to say that the pill "leads to 
the degeneration of tissue, quite clearly ac 
celerates the aging process, upsets the nat 
ural defense mechanisms, and affects the 
woman in her most essential characteristic 
her femininity." 

Meanwhile, American psychologists have 
been studying the psychological factors in 
the use of birth control pills. The study, 
the first of its kind in the United States, in 
volved psychological testing before and dur 
ing use of the pills by 24 couples, 15 of 
whom stayed on pills throughout the study, 
while nine gave up. Basically, results showed 
that wives who continue to use birth con 
trol pills show increased interest in sex, 
while those who quit the pill often show 
less. The pill-taking wives suffer less from 
depression and anxiety, and their husbands 
generally benefit psychologically also. Both 
groups of women had about the same 
amount of annoying side effects, such as 



headache and nausea, but some were appar 
ently "willing to tolerate these annoyances 
if they enjoy sexuality . . ." 

Canada, too, has its contribution to make 
in the current debate. In a study of 637 
private women patients in 10 centers across 
Canada, "the startling thing is that the wo 
men trying not to get pregnant became preg 
nant at pretty much the same rate as those 
who were trying," according to Dr. Alan 
Giffen, a Toronto obstetrician and gynaecol 
ogist. The original aim of the study, which 
involved only women who had borne chil 
dren after taking the pill, was to see 
"whether there was any increased incidence 
of abnormality among the babies," Dr. Gif 
fen said. "There definitely was not." 

At the Canadian Medical Association an 
nual convention in Quebec City recently, a 
panel of doctors reported that they are see 
ing more and more cases of reactions in 
women patients who are taking birth con 
trol pills. Symptoms range from changes in 
skin pigmentation to serious depression ver 
ging on suicide. 



HATERNOY 



PLEASE 

DEPOSIT 

LITTER 

HERE 




"I m afraid there s been some mistake . . ." 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



to hasten 
healing 



Elase Ointment 

with 

Chloromycetin 

The cleansing action of the debriding agent 
Elase, plus the direct antibacterial effect of 
Chloromycetin, provides dual-purpose action 
to promote prompt healing of infected surface 
lesions. 

Elase is a combination of two lytic enzymes 
fibrinolysin and desoxyribonuclease (bovine), 
Parke-Davis. Elase Ointment with Chloromycetin 
contains 1 unit (Loomis) of fibrinolysin, 666 units 
of desoxyribonuclease, and 10 mg. of Chloromy 
cetin (chloramphenicoi, Parke-Davis) perGm. 




INDICATIONS: Elase Ointment with Chloromycetin may 
be used topically in a variety of surface lesions where both 
a debriding agent and a topical antibiotic are indicated. 
These include: general surgical wounds, ulcerative lesions, 
second- and third-degree burns, cervicitis, vaginitis, 
episiotomy, and circumcision. APPLICATION: Apply 
topically as indicated, one or more times a day. Remove 
necrotic debris between applications. 
PRECAUTIONS: Observe usual precautions against 
allergic reactions, particularly in persons highly sensitive 
to materials of bovine origin. Following long-term topical 
use of chloramphenicoi, the patient may become sensitized 
to the drug. SIDE EFFECTS: Local hyperemia may occur 
following the use of Elase. SUPPLY: Elase Ointment with 
Chloromycetin is supplied in 30 Gm. tubes. V-Applicators 
to fit tube for intravaginal application are available. 

Detailed information available on request. cr.oe-e 



PARKE-DAVIS 



PARKE. DAVIS & COMPANY. LTD MONTREAL 9 



Manpower problems 
in nursing 

There is no shortage of qualified nurses. There is, however, such a colossal waste 
of nursing skills that an actual shortage of available nursing hours results. 



For the past two decades, we have 
lived in a society that has constantly 
reported a shortage of skilled man 
power. These reports have come from 
all phases of business and industry 
and from many segments of the health 
profession. We have accepted this sit 
uation as a condition of life rather 
than as a human problem that can 
and will submit to rational solutions. 

In the nursing profession, we have 
heard continuously about a "shortage 
of nurses." This so-called shortage can 
and probably has jeopardized the 
entire structure of health care in this 
country. It will continue to do so as 
long as we refuse to face the problem 
squarely as a preface to seeking and 
finding solutions to it. 

No shortage of nurses 

Against this background, I wish to 
record, with all the emphasis at my 
command, two particular points: 

1. At this time in Canada, there is 
no shortage of qualified nurses. There 
is an abundance of nurses. There is, 
however, such a colossal waste of 
nursing skills from poor utilization of 
nursing time, turnover of staff, emi 
gration and non-practicing personnel, 
that it results in an actual shortage 
of available nursing hours. 

2. Unless corrected, the sub-standard 
levels of salaries and working condi 
tions now prevailing in the profession 
will, within a few years, create an ac 
tual shortage of nurses. Since 1950, the 
percentage of qualified women seeking 

AUGUST 1967 



Helen K. Mussallem, R.N., Ed.D. 

entry into the profession has declined 
by more than 50 percent and the de 
cline is continuing. 

In the context of manpower prob 
lems, our profession is grappling si 
multaneously with two crises: How, 
in a period of an abundance of nurses, 
can their time be used effectively to 
provide adequate nursing service? And 
how can the decline of admissions in 
to the profession be arrested so that 
adequate nurses will be available to 
provide necessary care in the future? 

Basic data now available 

A few years ago, these observations 
and conclusions might well have been 
reached, but would necessarily have 
been based on conjectures. There 
existed very little valid data on nurse 
manpower in Canada. This now has 
changed and it has changed through 
a full-scale data collection program 
initiated and financed by the Canadian 
Nurses Association, the largest pro 
fessional health association in Canada. 
Among its many duties, our Research 
Unit now provides basic, essential 
data on the nurse population and the 
disposition of nursing skills. We obtain 
this information through arrangements 
with the 10 provincial associations, 
who in turn, obtain it from individual 

Dr. Mussallem is Executive Director of 
the Canadian Nurses Association. This 
paper is adapted from an address to the 
100th Annual Meeting of the Canadian 
Medical Association. 



nurses at the time of initial registration 
or re-registration. We now know what 
is happening in the profession. 

Several categories of personnel con 
tribute to the nursing care of patients 
in hospitals and in the community. 
While I shall mention briefly the nurs 
ing assistant or practical nurse, my 
information will be largely related to 
the registered nurse population 
those who have graduated from di 
ploma or degree programs. Here are 
a few pertinent facts. 

Ratio could be 1:80 

There are in Canada over 121,000 
registered nurses, or a ratio of one 
registered nurse to 164 population - 
the highest ratio yet attained in Cana 
da and one of the highest in the world. 
This figure represents only those nur 
ses who are currently registered. It 
does not represent nurses who were 
once registered and not employed, nor 
those who are employed and not reg 
istered as they mav be in six prov 
inces. When these nurses are includ 
ed, it is estimated that our total nurse 
population is not 121,000, but closer 
to 250,000 -- or a ratio of nurses to 
population of 1 in 80. 

Why then the persistent cry across 
the country of shortages of nurses? 
There are many reasons. First, what 
is the employment status? Data based 
on information from 95 percent of 
currently registered nurses reveals 
that: 

Only 54 percent are employed 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



full time, that is, just over one-half 
the registered nurses in Canada 
(61,466). 

Nineteen percent (21,051) are 
employed part-time. 

Twenty-two percent (24,638) are 
not employed in nursing. 

Five percent (5,711) did not 
report their employment status. 

Is there a shortage of nurses? No. 
There is a shortage of nurses work 
ing in the occupation of nursing. Why? 
We have failed to eliminate the wast 
age of highly skilled professionals be 
cause we can afford to be wasteful 
in Canada. 

What are some of the characteris 
tics of employed nurses? The over 
whelming percentage of employed 
nurses 78.7 percent work in 
hospitals. Despite efforts to increase 
public health programs, only 6.3 per 
cent are employed in this specialty. A 
gradually declining group is that of 
private duty nursing - - 4.5 percent. 
The remainder are located in schools 
of nursing, which employ 3.5 percent; 
office nurses and those working for 
doctors and dentists represent 2.6 per 
cent; and occupational health enga 
ges 1.7 percent. 

Ours is a young population. The 
majority of nursing manpower (43,000) 
is in the younger age group. Over 50 
percent of these employed nurses are 
under 35 years and 40 percent are 
under 30 years. The median age is 
33.5. 

In Canada today, more married 
women have remained in or are re- 
entering the labor force. This is true 
in nursing. Over 50 percent (42,747) 
of employed nurses are married. 

Despite efforts made to upgrade the 
qualifications of nurses, a pathetically 
small proportion of nurses hold the 
qualifications required, particularly in 
the senior administrative positions and 
in schools of nursing. It is agreed that 

25 to 33 percent of positions in nurs 
ing in Canada require at least a bac 
calaureate degree. In actual fact, only 
5 percent of nurses have these qualifi 
cations - - and the yearly increase is 
imperceptible. 

26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Nursing in Canada is mainly a fe 
male occupation. Of the more than 
80,000 employed nurses, only 372, 
or less than 0.5 percent, are men. 

Rate of turnover high 

In the context of nursing hours 
available for actual nursing, there is 
one situation that is particularly signif 
icant within the profession and that 
is the rate of turnover. The impli 
cations of high turnover are far-reach 
ing indeed. The actual loss in effective 
nursing man-hours is most significant. 
The loss in dollars is phenomenal. 
Melbin and Taub, dealing with the 
high cost of replacing a nurse in the 
October 1966 issue of Hospitals 
quoted studies revealing that the mea- 
sureable cost of replacing one nurse 
in a large metropolitan hospital is ap 
proximately $500.* Using this figure as 
a criterion in the Canadian situation, 
the turnover of nursing personnel 
costs millions annually. 

Through unpublished data from the 
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, made 
available to the Research Unit of the 
CNA, we now know much more about 
turnover than was known a few 
years ago. The highest mean turnover 
rate of full-time nursing department 
staff is in public general hospitals and 
is in the category of general staff 
nurses. Each year there is a turnover 
of 61 percent of the general staff. For 
example, if 60,000 of the nurse power 
are general staff nurses (and this is 
probably a conservative estimate), 
each year 40,000 staff nurses change 
positions. Using the $500 figure cal 
culated by Melbin and Taub, this 
would represent a cost of approxi 
mately 20 million dollars per year 
for turnover of general staff nurses 
alone. This figure, incidentally, does 
not take into account the uncalcula- 
ble costs such as loss of effectiveness 
of a new staff member, time spent by 
other nurses and ward personnel an 
swering questions, giving guidance, 

* Murray Melbin and Doris L. Taub, 
"The High Cost of Replacing a Nurse," 
Hospitals, Oct. 16, 1966. 



and generally integrating the new 
member into the working team. 

The next highest mean turnover 
rate is full-time qualified nursing as 
sistants 42.94 percent, followed 
closely by orderlies 41.95 percent. 
The mean turnover rate for nursing 
directors in public general hospitals is 
15.9 percent; among nursing super 
visors, it is 14 percent; and among 
head nurses it is 18.03 percent. 

To caluculate this loss in hours 
and dollars, as these changes take 
place in the almost 1,000 general 
public hospitals in Canada, would be 
to arrive at astronomical totals. 

How to increase manpower 

How can available manpower in 
nursing be increased? There are nu 
merous ways in which this can be 
done. 

1. Reduce the wastage of nursing 
hours through improved utilization of 
the nurse s time. Over 100,000 hours 
of highly-skilled time of registered 
nurses the equivalent of over 
12,000 registered nurses are wasted 
daily across Canada, either through 
carrying out duties that could be as 
signed to less skilled workers or car 
rying out medical procedures. 

2. Increase recruitment into the 
professional schools, reduce student 
attrition rate, and thus increase the 
number of new graduates. 

3. Reduce the turnover rate. 

4. Change the "not employed" 
status of over 25,000 registered nurses 
to "employed." 

5. Recruit back into the labor force 
at least a portion of the 120,000 
nurses who can but do not now con 
tribute to the nursing force. 

6. Change the part-time status of 
registered nurses to full-time (one out 
of five now works part-time). 

7. Increase immigration and reduce 
emigration of nurses. 

An improvement in these seven 
factors could add so much nurse man 
power that the problem in this country 
could be one of society s inability to 
use all the available skills. This could 
happen, but will not as long as in 
sufficient effort is being made to rem 
edy these factors and control the 
variables that influence them. The 
numbers recruited from graduates of 
schools of nursing are an example 
and here we encounter a situation 
that can have disastrous implications 
for the future of nursing service. 

Recruitment into schools of nurs 
ing has steadily declined. In 1940, 
about 25 percent (1 in 4) of female 
students in Canada at the junior ma 
triculation level enrolled in schools 
of nursing. By 1950, this had declined 
to 20 percent (1 in 5); by 1960, to 

AUGUST 1967 




AUGUST 1967 



10 percent (1 in 10); by 1965, to 
9 percent; and by 1966, to 8 percent. 
Each year the figure declines; unless 
drastic changes are made, we can look 
forward to about 5 to 6 percent (1 in 
20) of female high school graduates 
entering nursing. 

This trend is now evident in the 
number of graduates from 188 basic 
schools of nursing. In the 1940 s, the 
1950 s and early 1960 s, the numbers 
of graduates steadily climbed each 
year usually an increase of 400 
graduates over the previous year. For 
example, in 1961 there were 6,000 
graduates and in 1962 there were 
6,394. However, in 1964, 7,261 stu 
dents graduated, and in 1965, 7,360 
an increase of only 99. Similarly, 
in 1966, the total number of students 
graduating was 7,387 - - an increase 
of only 27 over the previous year. 

Indications are that this trend will 
continue. If the numbers of nurses 
who graduated changed their work pat 
tern and practiced for their normal 
working years, there would be a little 
less cause for concern. However, re 
cent studies reveal that under present 
conditions, at least three nurses must 
graduate to obtain a net gain of one 
working in the profession. 

An increase in manpower could be 
realized through immigration, but the 
numbers gained through immigration 
into Canada are offset through emi 
gration. In 1966, 2,076 nurses from 
52 countries became registered in Can 
ada. The largest numbers came from 
Great Britain (847), the Philippines 
(550) and the U.S.A. (174). During 
that year, Canada lost approximately 
2,000 registered nurses; of these, 1,620 
emigrated to the United States. 

Change salaries and working 
conditions 

The declining number of recruits to 
the profession points to a situation that 
can and must be isolated, examined, 
and rectified: the salaries and working 
conditions of the professional nurse. 
Both require improvement. The growth 
of the nursing profession in Canada 
has been plagued through its long his- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



tory by sub-standard salaries. In an 
era of limited professional opportuni 
ties for women, this situation could 
be tolerated. That era is past. Most 
professions are now open to women 
and to obtain adequate numbers of 
qualified members, the nursing pro 
fession must offer rewards comparable 
to other professions available to wo 
men. 

The depressed state of salaries for 
beginning practitioners in nursing has 
been recognized for many years. As 
recently as last year, beginning nurse 
practitioners were paid $285 per month 
in some provinces and up to $405 
in others. Now nurses are taking the 
initiative. Collective bargaining pro 
grams and other forms of negotiations 
are being carried on by nurses asso 
ciations in every province in Canada. 

In the past, nurses were reluctant 
to avail themselves of the collective 
bargaining process. They turned to it 
when all other forms of appeal failed, 
when the rewards in other available 
professions far outstripped those avail 
able in nursing. But they have turn 
ed to it. More than 700 bargaining 
units are now active and the num 
ber is increasing rapidly. The Can 
adian Nurses Association has set the 
salary goal in 1968 at $6,000 per 
year for beginning practitioners, and 
two provinces have set this as their 
goal for next year. 

In 1966, the CNA collected data 
of salaries of full-time nurse faculty 
in hospital professional nursing edu 
cation programs. The median salary 
for the nurse teacher in Canada was 
found to be $5,230 per annum. For a 
teacher with a baccalaureate degree 
it was $5,575, and for a master s or 
higher degree, $6,135. Little wonder 
that over 70 percent of our teachers 
do not possess the minimum educa 
tional requirements for these positions. 
Directors of nursing education had 
little financial incentive for their addi 
tional responsibility - - in fact, about 
$10-$20 per month. 

We are told that if a profession is 
to be well staffed, then it must be 
well paid and well educated. The im- 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



plication is clear. It has been acted on 
in Canada in other professions, but 
not in nursing. 

Number of nursing assistants 
increasing 

People who are concerned about 
providing nursing care often suggest 
nursing assistants (or practical nurses) 
as an answer to the nurse manpower 
problem. The phenomenal increase 
in numbers of nursing assistants has 
not and cannot solve the problem. 

Of all the categories of workers in 
the health occupations prepared 
through educational programs, none 
has increased more rapidly over the 
past 20 years than the nursing assis 
tant. There are now over 30,000 reg 
istered or licenced nursing assistants 
in Canada, and we know that thou 
sands more are practicing without li 
censes. The numbers graduating from 
schools for nursing assistants have in 
creased dramatically in comparison 
with graduates from basic nursing pro 
grams. If the present trend continues, 
new nursing assistant graduates could 
eventually outnumber new graduates 
from professional schools of nursing. 
On the surface, this may appear to be 
the answer to the nursing problem. It 
is not. Nursing assistants are being mis 
used. They are being assigned to work 
and nursing responsibility beyond their 
education, preparation and competen 
cy. This has had and is having an 
adverse effect on the quality of patient 
care. 

For this and for many other reasons, 
the Canadian Nurses Association has 
called for two categories of nurses: 
graduates from university schools and 
graduates from diploma schools in a 
ratio of 1:3. These would be the only 
workers prepared through formal edu 
cational programs who would work 
within the occupation of nursing. 
Here, the university-trained graduate 
would be the senior member of the 
nursing team, functioning as a highly 
skilled practitioner and as a full col 
league on the health team. Society 
no longer can afford to use nurses 
simply to carry out orders, or sub 



stitute for non-nursing personnel when 
they are unavailable or when their 
department is closed. 

Plan and program needed 

The data on manpower in nursing 
collected by the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation have assisted the national 
association and its provincial members 
to formulate plans for providing the 
amount and quality of nursing services 
required for expanding health services. 
But we, as nurses, should not plan 
alone - - no more than should any 
one of the health professions. 

As we now stand at the threshold of 
an unprecedented expansion in health 
services in this country, we cannot 
continue to talk about manpower prob 
lems. We need a plan and a program 
that embraces all workers in the health 
professions - - a plan worked out in 
coordination with all professional 
health associations. 

Let us be done with these edgy con 
frontations that take place between 
our professional associations. Let us 
progress toward relaxed dialogue and 
conversation among colleagues. 

In Canada, we can go forward and 
produce a creative plan of provid 
ing more and improved health services 
through better utilization of all our 
health personnel and resources. But 
will we? Or will we, separately and in 
good faith, continue to try to solve all 
the manpower problems in our own 
field, all by ourselves, all in our own 
separate compartments? 

This is not a criticism of people; it 
is a criticism of an existing situation. 
But it is we who shape the affairs 
of our time and we who will have to 
answer for deficiencies at the bar of 
history. The real task ahead - - for 
coordinated planning of health ser 
vices needs cooperation; but mostly 
it needs courage. To postpone a large 
and difficult enterprise simply because 
it is large and difficult, means to 
abandon all hope of advance. We are 
prepared to resist the easy answers in 
our drive toward more enduring solu 
tions of the many-faceted problems of 
manpower in the health profession. D 

AUGUST 1967 



New image for the 
hospital chaplain 



His interest in the patient extends beyond the traditional concern with 
"the state of the soul." Today, the hospital chaplain is a well-trained, active 
participant on the health team. 



Robert A. Wallace 




AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 




30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



He can be found in the emergency 
unit helping to calm a noisy and 
abusive skid-row derelict. He sits with 
the father who has just been told that 
his firstborn is a mongoloid. He com 
forts the mother who has learned that 
she has cancer. He knows the fears of 
the preoperative youngster. He is the 
hospital chaplain. 

Chaplain a specialist 

The chaplain is a familiar figure in 
every hospital, yet many doctors and 
nurses still harbor outmoded impres 
sions of his role. This is because the 
position in the past often was filled by 
retired men or by ministers with phys 
ical handicaps. 

Today, the hospital chaplain is a 
well-trained specialist. Like other min 
isters, he completes a seven-year pro 
gram of study in the university and 
seminary; then, in addition, he receives 
extensive training in the spiritual care 
of the sick. Most religious denomina 
tions and hospitals now require him to 
spend at least six months in a clinical 
setting, under the supervision of med 
ical, psychiatric, and chaplaincy ser 
vices. In many instances he is expected 
to have a master s degree in counsel 
ing. 

Until recently, Canadian chaplains 
were accredited by American institu 
tions, but in 1965, the Canadian 
Council for Supervised Pastoral Educa 
tion (CCSPE) was formed in Toronto. 

Specialist in "the will" 

The hospital chaplain today, then, 
is a specialist. But in what? He is a 
specialist in the will or, in more theo 
logical terms, a specialist in the spirit 
or soul. 

In recent years, our awareness of 
the importance of the role of the will 
in health and illness has increased. We 
know that the patient s attitude toward 
his life can affect his recovery. This 
nebulous area, which involves the will 
to live or to die, to achieve or to fail, 
to trust or to withdraw, is the chap 
lain s main concern. It is, indeed, his 
area of specialization. 

Obviously, his interest in the patient 
will extend beyond the traditional con 
cern with "the state of the soul." The 
religious denomination of a patient will 
concern him not so much in terms of 
doctrine but in terms of its effective 
ness in providing force and direction. 
His responsibility is to bring to bear 
the inner resources of faith to free the 
patient for creative growth. 

Broader role 

Much of the literature written for 
the nurse stresses her role in assisting 
the chaplain to carry out the conven 
tional devotional rites of the church. 

AUGUST 1967 



This excerpt from Henderson s Basic 
Principles of Nursing Care* is an ex 
ample. 

This concept of making it possible for 
the patient to practice his religion involves 
a good many specific activities .... The fol 
lowing are among the most obvious ones: 
helping the patient to go to a place of 
worship or getting a clergyman of his faith 
to come to him; providing conditions under 
which he may talk to the clergyman in 
privacy; and making it possible for him to 
receive the sacraments which are a part of 
his religious life. 

This statement is restrictive; it em 
phasizes formal religious observances. 
Such assistance is essential and appre 
ciated by the chaplain, but his own 
role is much broader than is suggested 
in most literature. 

What chaplain is 

He is a member of the health team 
a highly trained specialist in the 
dimension of the spirit and its rele 
vance in healing. 

He is a friendly visitor. He rejects 
the old image of the jolly caller who 
tots up as many brief visits as possible 
in a day. Still, he knows the devastat 
ing effect of loneliness and acts as a 
coordinator and trainer of lay visitors. 
Such lay workers report to him and 
refer patients to him when indicated. 

He is a family counselor - - on a 
short term basis. He is available for 
immediate contact in an emergency 
when a family is facing anxiety or 
grief. Though he eventually will refer 
such persons to a minister in the com 
munity, he is on call to ease the first 
hours of their disaster. 

He is a staff chaplain, that is, he 
ministers to the whole hospital staff in 
their work-setting, making no attempt 
to displace their loyalties to their home 
congregation. For laundry staff and 
hospital administrators alike he is one 
who cares about them as individuals, 
who shares their workday concerns, 
who is available for helpful dialogue 
at any time. 

He is a priest to members of his 
own denomination and is available for 
the familiar devotional rites and ob 
servances. 

He is a leader of worship in the in 
stitution. With most general hospitals 
confining their admissions to active 
treatment, there are fewer ambulatory 
patients and thus less emphasis on 
formal worship. However, chapels are 
used for services that are often of im 
portance to psychiatric patients in par 
ticular, and also to convalescent pa 
tients and, on occasion, to staff. 

Virginia Henderson, Basic Principles of 
Nursing Care, International Council of 
Nurses, 1960, p. 34. 



He is a liason with the community, 
and is in contact with churches sur 
rounding the hospital itself. He can in 
terpret outpatient programs and enlist 
community support. 

He is a trainer of ministers. When 
qualified, he can develop a program of 
clinical training for pastoral education 
in the hospital. Local ministers will 
turn to him for personal consultation; 
seminaries will look to him for guid 
ance in training clergymen. 

He is a possible resource for the 
hospital s training programs and may 
be helpful to nursing education. He 
often leads staff seminars on topics 
such as grief and bereavement, the 
terminal patient, communication, ways 
of facing tragedy, and the problems of 
the unwed mother. 

What chaplain is not 

He is not an excuse for hospital 
staff - nurses in particular - - to 
avoid personal involvement with the 
patient on the dimension of the spirit. 

He is not a last resort. In Henry V, 
Dame Quickly, describing Falstaffs 
death, tells how she comforted him 
with the assurance, "I told him he had 
no need to think of God yet." The 
chaplain can help the family or the 
patient as death approaches and when 
it comes. He can be more helpful if he 
is called earlier. 

He is not "too busy." Some persons 
believe that a comment on the "busy 
ness" of professional persons is a form 
of compliment. The chaplain is busy 
as is the nurse - - but never too 
busy to listen. Bodies are healed by 
rest and quiet; spirits are healed by 
care and listening. 

Reverend Wallace is the Acting Staff 
Chaplain at the Foothills General Hospital 
in Calgary, Alberta, as well as minister of 
Parkdale United Church in the same city, fj 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Inservice education 



A nurse educator looks at some concepts that underlie her approach to inservice 
education a results-oriented approach that aims to meet real and recognized 
staff needs. 



Nurses are on the move. Perhaps 
this is not only natural, but healthy 
and more desirable than we are pre 
pared to admit. If upward mobility 
is blocked, geographic mobility can be 
expected in the young nurse who is 
looking for challenge, excitement and 
stimulation in her career. A reason 
able turnover of staff should be ac 
cepted and recognized as an energizing 
force. This means that orientation and 
training of staff need to be accepted as 
important and not as a time-consuming 
inconvenience to be resented and done 
only if time permits. 

Rapid turnover of personnel also 
may involve rapid promotion to leader 
ship positions. This places new de 
mands on staff and creates a further 
need for inservice education. Most 
schools of nursing whether they be 
hospital diploma schools or university 
degree schools are producing well- 
prepared beside nurses. They are not 
producing team leaders and managers. 
At present, inservice education pro 
vides most of the management training 
that is available to nurses. 

Rapid and profound scientific 
achievement affect nursing and also 
create a need for inservice education. 
An effective inservice nurse does not 
merely respond to events; she anti 
cipates them and is ready for them. 

Activity of thought, utilization of 

Miss Callin is assistant director of nursing 
at The Montreal Children s Hospital. She 
is in charge of inservice education. 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Mona E. Callin 

ideas, and solution of problems should 
be the aim of inservice education. 
Presentation of ideas is not enough. 
Inservice education is "results-orient 
ed." 

Inservice education 

Many educators see their role as 
one in which they make available to 
people relevant and accurate ideas, 
information and skills, with respect to 
the problems that confront them. They 
may not recognize that the attitudes 
and values that help to determine the 
use people make of this information 
is also a valid concern of the educator. 
The inservice educator, however, must 
be concerned with the results of her 
teaching and advising. 

Inservice education succeeds only if 
it produces practical results, and only 
if it is in touch with the work situ 
ation. The learning - - the change of 
behavior that is planned - - must be 
appropriate to the staff member s role. 
A nurse learns the approved and ac 
cepted behavior for her role while on 
the job. Learning that conflicts with 
practice will be rejected. The nurse 
knows that if she acquires learning and 
develops behavior that is not based 
on social reality, she will not succeed 
professionally. Therefore, whatever an 
inservice educator suggests, particu 
larly in staff development, must be in 
accord with hospital practice if it is 
to be accepted. 

Results-oriented teaching is more 
complex than merely providing infor 



mation. It is one thing to have intel 
lectual understanding and another to be 
emotionally committed to a new idea. 
Mere intellectual understanding will 
not prevent a person from reverting to 
his usual way of reacting when present 
ed with an actual situation where the 
consequences are important. Change, 
to be maintained, must be support 
ed and the learning reinforced. There 
fore, inservice education starts at the 
top, because every supervisor has staff- 
development functions for her subor 
dinates. She follows up the program 
by recognizing and supporting change 
of behavior as it appears and by assist 
ing staff members to implement their 
learning in clinical situations. 

This is the most difficult and most 
important phase of a staff-development 
program and one for which the inser 
vice educator does not relinquish all 
responsibility. She must be prepared 
to help the supervisors with their prob 
lems problems her program has 
helped to create. 

It is hoped that inservice education 
will create changes in staff, in their 
function, and in their environment. 
This change will not happen over 
night and progress will not emerge 
uniformly throughout the institution. 
The period of change may be one of 
great stress: interpersonal stress be 
tween people as old standards of be 
havior are replaced by new ones, in- 
trapersonal stress as concepts are in 
ternalized and behavior modified. The 
inservice educator must anticipate 

AUGUST 1967 



these stresses, recognize their cause, 
and accept responsibility for helping 
staff to manage this period of diffi 
culty and frustration. 

The adult learner 

The adult learner is not a child in 
school. A child is expected to acquire 
knowledge in the classroom. He is 
presented with facts, ideas, and con 
cepts that usually do not immediately 
effect his behavior and interpersonal 
relations. But, an inservice program is 
geared to change and frequently the 
participants are expected to modify 
some aspect of their behavior. 

Staff who attend inservice programs 
have been learning how to deal with 
other human beings since their infan 
cy, and many of the basic strategies 
that determine the quality, character 
and limits of their relationships are 
imbedded in their personality struc 
ture and function as part of their sys 
tem of security as "selves." To ask 
adults even to consider alternatives to 
some of these attitudes and strategies 
therefore can be deeply threatening. 
Yet effective inservice education de 
pends on helping staff members to en 
tertain alternatives with respect to 
strongly defended patterns of behavior 
(and interpersonal relations), which 
can thwart effectiveness and growth. 

When change is being engineered, 
especially when the change involves 
behavior and attitudes, people need an 
atmosphere in which they can admit 
and accept their inadequacies. The 
group should be carefully chosen and 
should have a stable membership, so 
that satisfying and secure relationship 
patterns can develop. With this secur 
ity, members can explore alternative 
ways of relating to authority figures, 
peers, and subordinates, and the learn 
ing can be internalized. 

Three methods 

The inservice educator has a choice 
of three principal methods of present 
ing a staff development program. 

She may use the academic approach, 
which assumes that it is up to the 
teacher to present information, in per 
son and through selected readings, 
movies, and other aides. Discussion is 
only to help clarify the meaning of 
the information. The authoritative 
statements can be reacted to with ac 
ceptance, confusion, or rejection. In 
this academic approach the group is 
dependent on the leader; motivation 
for learning is greatly affected by the 
identification of the group with the 
leader and by her enthusiasm for her 
topic. The academic approach is the 
most familiar one, and it may well 
be that at the beginning of an inser 
vice program, the academic approach 

AUGUST 1967 




Orientation : New staff members are 
introduced to the principles of 
intravenous therapy for pediatric 
patients. 



is the most attractive to the leader 
and the group. 

The practical approach combines 
learning by doing, plus generalization 
from the practice situation to a range 
of other situations. It is frequently 
used in workshop where there is guid 
ed discussion and problem solving but 
no formal presentation. The relation 
ship between the individual s objec 
tives and his participation will deter 
mine the extent of learning. This ap 
proach is most successful when the 
group members are peers and have 
mutual problems to solve. 

The social approach permits a high 
degree of non-work interaction; the 
social needs of the group dominate the 
educational needs. This approach is 
useful in certain situations when the 
inservice educator believes that ac 
tivities oriented to the group s need for 
belonging and for social solidarity are 
essential, for example, when an estab 
lished group has had a major change 
of membership or when a new group 
is being formed. 

When conducting a staff develop 
ment program the inservice educator 
should appreciate the needs of the 
group and select the most appropriate 
form of presentation. Some people 
who will be comfortable with the aca 
demic approach may feel threatened 
by the less-structured practical ap 
proach. It should also be remembered 
that nurses tend to be activity oriented 
and they may feel guilty if the social 
approach is used. 



Staff Development: Informality and 
active participation are features of staff 
development projects. 



Special Interest Groups: A group of 
public health nurses learn about family 
planning. 



An inservice program begins 

If an inservice educator believes in 
results-oriented activities, she recogni 
zes that planning a successful program 
is considerably more complex than 
calling in a few guest speakers. She 
is acutely aware that careful strategy in 
introducing and operating such a pro 
gram is every bit as important as con 
tent. 

Active staff involvement in the early 
stages of planning, well before actual 
sessions begin, is essential. Even if 
the inservice educator is working under 
pressure to get the program started 
as soon as possible, she cannot slight 
this stage. Later, the program s suc 
cess will depend largely on how well 
the staff think it meets their individual 
needs, and the chance of meeting the 
needs is greater if staff have a hand 
in initial planning. 

To accomplish this collective plan 
ning the inservice educator needs the 
help of interested staff members. Con 
tact with the staff need not be formal; 
it may be no more than coffee-break 
conversation. In any case, it should be 
as personal as possible. To this end 
the inservice nurse must be available 
to the staff and should visit the wards 
and clinical areas to keep in touch 
with people, their progress, and their 
problems. 

When an inservice program is just 
getting started in a hospital, success is 
essential. Some sessions are bound to 
fizzle, but if this happens early in the 
project it is a major disaster. The in- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



service nurse will do well to concen 
trate her initial efforts where they are 
apt to succeed. Later, she can convert 
the unbelievers. 

If inservice projects are to be suc 
cessful, tangible evidence of top man 
agement support is essential. This 
means that management interest must 
be maintained through regular written 
or verbal reports by the planner. These 
must emphasize the relationship be 
tween inservice education, problem- 
solving, and quality of patient care. 

Orientation programs 

Orientation means to discover where 
one stands in a particular situation and 
where one stands in relation to other 
people in the group. Very often orien 
tation is thought of as a program de 
signed for new staff. A different con 
cept of orientation is worthy of con 
sideration. 

Orientation also means a way of 
looking at things, a point of view, and 
when one changes roles, a change of 
orientation is often necessary. This is 
the most difficult change to make and 
something that the person planning the 
job familiarization program should 
remember. Staff transferred to a new 
unit or promoted to a new position 
are just as much in need of job fam 
iliarization as are new employees. 

A planned program is necessary, but 
individual needs form the basis. A gen 
eral duty nurse being promoted to 
evening supervisor will need more 
time to become oriented to her new 
position than would an assistant head 
nurse who is being transferred from 
one surgical ward to another. 

Orientation for staff transferred or 
promoted within the hospital can be 
developed on an individual basis. 
Orientation programs for new em 
ployees, however, usually must be 
group programs and cannot be de 
veloped to meet the needs peculiar to 
individual members. Certain needs are 
common to all new employees, how 
ever. 

New staff members are frequently 
excited and anxious about their jobs. 
They need opportunities to reduce 
anxiety through talking, asking ques 
tions, walking about, and visiting the 
water fountain. 

Because job familiarization is part 
of a results-oriented educational pro 
gram, the inservice nurse will be more 
concerned with helping the new em 
ployees to reach maximum productiv 
ity as rapidly as possible than with 
presenting information according to 
plan. This means that she will be sen 
sitive to the need of new staff mem 
bers to raise questions and go off on 
tangents. She will also recognize that 
while certain core material can be pre- 
34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



sented to a mixed group of graduates, 
nursing assistants, and aides, two-way 
communication and discussion will be 
easier in smaller peer group sessions. 
The new employee will want to see 
her ward, to observe some of the pa 
tients, and to meet the staff with whom 
she is to work, as soon as possible. 
As one purpose of orientation is to 
capitalize on the value of first impres 
sions, this introduction of the new staff 
member should be carefully planned, 
timed, and engineered. 

Evaluating the program 

When inservice education is results 
oriented, activities are planned to 
achieve improvement in the quality of 
patient care. It is against this yard 
stick that all results and achievements 
are measured. 

If the inservice educator is to ac 
curately appraise her activities, she 
must possess a high degree of objectivi 
ty toward herself and her programs. 
If staff are to be able to tell her the 
negative feelings they have about a 
particular project that fizzled, they 
must know that it is safe to do so, 
that she has sufficient self acceptance 
not to view these adverse comments 
as a threat to her person. If she can 
not project an image of adequate self- 
esteem the group may feel they can 
only tell her the things she would like 
to hear and many things she needs to 
know will be left unsaid. 

Each project must be carefully ap 
praised. Did it reach the group to 
which it was directed? Did it meet 
their needs? Was it well received? Has 
the problem been solved? Has another 
problem come to light? This appraisal 
process requires that the inservice 
nurse spend as much time evaluating 
as she did preparing and presenting 
the program. 

Change is the cause, process, and 
result of inservice education. When 
the inservice nurse develops a project, 
she has some change in mind and 
when she evaluates the project she 
must try to estimate how far she has 
moved toward this objective. Perhaps 
change has occurred but perhaps it 
is not the change that was planned. 

Recording attendance and studying 
the figures can be useful in evaluating 
programs. These statistics may indicate 
which wards were too busy to free 
staff to attend, which units felt the 
project of real interest to them, which 
wards have head nurses who believe in 
staff education, and which hours are 
most convenient for particular units. 
As the inservice nurse interprets these 
figures to the staff, she may learn 
how her introduction of the project 
was received, how the timing suited 
individual areas, and how effective the 



advance publicity. This exchange of in 
formation and ideas can be most help 
ful in planning future programs. 

Written evaluations, completed by 
the participants after a program, pro 
vide much useful information, and fol 
low-up conferences to discuss long-term 
effects can be helpful. If a project was 
undertaken to solve a clinical problem, 
follow-up visits to the wards and in 
terviews with the personnel involved 
are essential for valid evaluation. 

Some projects can be evaluated with 
relative ease and concrete evidence of 
success or failure can be obtained. A 
project to reduce medication errors 
can be appraised on the basis of the 
number of incident slips received by 
the supervisors. 

Some projects, those involved with 
the quality of patient care, are more 
difficult to evaluate. Quality is almost 
impossible to measure, and concrete 
evidence of improvement in quality 
is hard to acquire. Sometimes indirect 
estimations can have value. If the 
morale, enthusiasm, and awareness of 
the staff improves, if they initiate ac 
tivities, then it is not unrealistic to 
assume that this enthusiasm may be 
reflected in improved patient care. 

A major task of inservice education 
is the development of dynamic rather 
than static patterns of hospital life - 
patterns that would encourage readi 
ness for change and sensivity to the 
currents of thought and opinion mov 
ing in front of the larger society in 
which the hospital exists. If new ideas 
can be introduced, tried out, and ac 
cepted by the staff, it is reasonable to 
suppose that change has been accepted 
as a way of life and that various mem 
bers of the staff have developed skills 
in overcoming resistance to change. 

Evaluation of the programs, pro 
jects, and activities of the inservice 
division is not the end of the process, 
it is just one segment of a cycle. Of 
ten in the appraisal of one project the 
inservice nurse discovers the basis for 
a further program. And so it goes on. 
Inservice education like change 
is a continuous process. 

Bibliography 

Benne, Kenneth D. The re-education of 
adults in their human relationships, 
Adult Education, Spring 1958, p. 154. 

Falk, Roger, The Business of Management. 
London, Penguin Books, 1961, p. 163. 

Jensen, Jerry J., How to get started on 
supervisory training. Personnel, Septem 
ber-October, 1965, p. 32. 

Reynolds, Helen. Eight years as director of 
inservice education, Nursing Outlook, 
February 1963, p. 100. 

Thelen, Herbert A. Four propositions in 
search of an educational dynamic, Adult 
Education, Spring 1958, p. 148. Q 

AUGUST 1967 



A problem-solving 
approach 

Poor quality care or discord and discontent among ward personnel are often 
only signs and symptoms of less obvious problems. Inservice personnel must 
diagnose and treat the underlying causes if a healthy, happy ward is desired. 



Inservice education for nursing 
staff is usually developed around four 
recognized areas of personnel needs: 
an introduction to the job (orientation), 
training in manual and behavioral 
skills (skill training), development of 
leadership and management abilities 
(staff development), and continued in 
vestigation of the real potential of the 
job (continued education). These gen 
eral areas are acknowledged and ac 
cepted by most inservice educators and 
general programs are developed to 
meet these needs. 

Within these broad areas, staff also 
have specific learning needs that can 
not be met through general programs. 
Therefore, specific projects must be 
planned when specific learning needs 
arise. 

How does an inservice educator be 
come aware of specific learning needs? 
Most often, when needs are not sat 
isfied, a sign or symptom indicates 
that a problem exists. By finding out 
what causes the problem, an inservice 
educator discovers specific learning 
needs. One of the best means available 
for this type of investigation is the 
problem-solving method. 

Signs and symptoms 

Recently, the director of the depart 
ment of anesthesia called into the in- 
service education department to point 
out that children were not receiving 
effective inhalation therapy, and that 
equipment was not being properly 
utilized or cleaned on the wards. This 

AUGUST 1967 



Elaine Hykawy 

was a sign indicating that something 
was wrong. 

The inservice division faced the task 
of trying to find out what the prob 
lem really was and how it could be 
solved. The approach to this problem 
might be called "inservice diagnosis 
and treatment." 

Causative factors were searched for 
in true medical fashion. A "history" 
was obtained from head nurses by ask 
ing the following questions: 

How are tents and inhalations or 
dered by the doctors? 

What equipment is used and how 
is it cared for? 

What solutions and drugs are most 
used in nebulizers? 

How does the nurse administer med 
ications by inhalation? 

How does a child react to a tent or 
inhalations? 

How do parents react to the child s 
treatment? 

What role does the nurse assume in 
parent teaching? 

Are there any problems in areas not 
mentioned? 

The "physical examination" con 
sisted of a series of observations on 
the operation of Croupettes* and high 
humidity nebulizers on various wards. 
Nurses were observed as they adminis 
tered medication by inhalation mask. 

Miss Hykawy is inservice nurse at The 
Montreal Children s Hospital. 

Air Shield s oxygen canopy with nebulizer. 



One "laboratory test" was perform 
ed. The object of the test was to de 
termine how much medication was re 
quired in a nebulizer to produce a ther 
apeutic mist for a specified length of 
time. To determine this, the inservice 
nurse administered medication by in 
halation to four different patients on 
different wards, measuring amounts 
and timing procedures accurately. 

Tentative diagnosis 

The above investigation revealed 
five causative factors. 

The first was incomplete ordering 
by doctors- This occurred most fre 
quently when ordering medications to 
be administered by inhalation mask. 
Most often only the medication, its 
concentration, and frequency of ad 
ministration were ordered. The amount 
of solution, and length of time of treat 
ment were not specified. Nurses on 
most wards used two or three cc. of 
medication for a 20-minute treatment, 
unless otherwise ordered. The "labor 
atory test" had indicated that I cc. 
of solution produced a therapeutic 
mist for five minutes. An order for a 
tent read: "Place child in Croupette." 
It did not say whether oxygen or com 
pressed air should be used, whether 
ice should be added, or what type of 
solution should go into the humidify 
ing unit. Also, many nurses believed 
children were being kept in tents for 
a longer period of time than was really 
necessary (children suffering from as 
thma, in particular). 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Before the inservice program, children 
did not see the value of the treatment 
and would sometimes remove the mask 
to talk with a friend. 



The second and third causative fac 
tors were incorrect administration of 
medication by inhalation, and inade 
quate supervision of children during 
treatment. When babies were given 
medication by inhalation they were 
sometimes left lying down and treat 
ment was often interrupted when the 
nurse went to answer the telephone, 
or to assist a doctor. Toddlers were 
given masks to hold and were often 
left alone for periods during the treat 
ment. Since the odor of the medication 
was rather unpleasant, the toddlers 
would often tip the mask up at the 
bottom; this allowed them to breathe 
in "better-smelling" air because a good 
part of the medication escaped into 
the room. When older children were 
not supervised they would often not 
sit up straight throughout the treat 
ment, and they would sometimes re 
move the mask to talk with a friend, 
thereby administering the aerosol to 
the bed covers. 

Inadequate assembly, maintenance, 
and cleaning of equipment was the 
fourth causative factor. New staff 
members usually had had little ex 
perience working with compressors and 
high humidity nebulizers. Only a little 
instruction had been given during 
orientation week (the more common 
types of apparatus had been discus 
sed). Nurses, themselves, expressed 
concern about having to set up equip 
ment in the evening when no inhala 
tion therapy staff were there to assist. 
Parents of children with cystic fibrosis 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




often pointed out that equipment was 
not functioning properly. This embar 
rassed the nurse. Staff knew daily 
cleaning was not done because they 
often found dirty masks in locker 
drawers. High humidity nebulizers 
were not always cleaned and boiled 
daily they were often clogged with 
dirt particles. Humidity jars on Croup- 
ettes were refilled every few hours, 
but were not washed. 

The final causative factor was inade 
quate knowledge about the drug iso- 
proterenol hydrochloride. Children 
were not always observed closely when 
this drug was administered. Also, a 
somewhat hopeless attitude, on the 
part of nurses, toward children with 
cystic fibrosis was seen. Some nurses 
said, "What is the use of working so 
intensively with these children when 
they will eventually die?" 

From these factors it seemed that 
the underlying problems were: 

A misconception about the value of 
giving medication by inhalation and in 
adequate knowledge of how to admi 
nister it; and 

Inadequate knowledge of how to 
assemble, maintain and clean the 
equipment, especially the high humid 
ity nebulizer and the inhalation mask. 

Consultant services 

The causative factors and the under 
lying problems were discussed with 
several departmental heads. The di 
rector of the department of metabolism 
was consulted about setting up Croup- 



ettes for children with cystic fibrosis, 
and about administering medication by 
inhalation. She also was asked about 
the approach the department had 
toward cystic fibrosis, and how nurses 
could support this approach in their 
contact with parents and children. 

The director of the allergy depart 
ment was consulted about treating 
children with asthma. Again tents and 
inhalations were discussed. The direc 
tor believed that, if a child with as 
thma became upset because he did 
not want to have an inhalation treat 
ment, it was better that the nurse 
not insist on giving the inhalation, but 
contact a doctor for further orders. 
The director also stated that orders 
for tents should be reviewed frequent 
ly, because a child with asthma usually 
requires a tent for only a short period 
of time. The drug, isoproterenol hy 
drochloride, was also discussed. The 
director said that when a child with 
asthma was admitted from the emer 
gency department, the unit nurse 
should find out from the emergency 
department whether the child had re 
ceived epinephrine; this should be 
done before beginning inhalations on 
the unit. 

All findings were discussed with the 
directors of the departments of anes 
thesia and respiratory function. Several 
important facts came to light in these 
talks. A study had proved that it 
was unnecessary to open the baffle** 
in the Croupette when it was first set 
up (this was contrary to what nurses 

AUGUST 1967 



had previously been taught). Tests in 
that study had shown that both the 
gas concentration and the humidity 
concentration (therapeutic particles, 
which are small) built up just as quick 
ly when the baffle was left closed as 
when it was left open, and the bed 
clothes did not become as wet. This 
meant that the child would be more 
comfortable. 

The directors of the departments of 
metabolism and respiratory function 
agreed to meet to talk about the merits 
of tucking in tent canopies - - there 
was some question about the value of 
not tucking in the canopies of tents 
being run with compressed air and 
glycol. 

The chief inhalation therapist was 
consulted about equipment. First, there 
was a problem with the flow meters 
regulating compressed air. The ball 
indicating liter flow was dropping from 
15 1/min. to 5 1/min. about five or 
ten minutes after a tent was set up. 
The cause was found clogged filters 
in the flowmeter. The inhalation ther 
apy department replaced these. Sec 
ond, large tents were needed for teen 
agers with cystic fibrosis. When these 
teenagers came to hospital, they had to 
bring their own tents from home be 
cause only recently have children with 
cystic fibrosis survived to this age. 
The inhalation therapist reported that 
two such large tents were on order 
and would soon be delivered. 

Treatment plan 

The "treatment" prescribed was: 

To improve the doctors ordering 

technique (this responsibility was given 

over to the Chief Medical and Surgical 

Residents, although nurses were to be 

** A baffle is a disc placed in the inlet 
through which humidified gas enters the 
Croupette. By alterning the position of the 
baffle, the size of particles entering the 
Croupette. By altering the position of the 
the baffle is in the vertical position (closed), 
particles larger than 4 microns are deflect 
ed back into the nebulizing unit, while 
smaller particles are permitted to enter the 
Croupette. 

AUGUST 1967 



made aware of how a correct order 
should read); 

To show nursing staff the treat 
ment value of inhalation therapy; 

To improve the techniques involv 
ed in administering medication by in 
halation mask; and 

To recognize the importance of 
maintaining equipment in good work 
ing order (cleaning, checking function, 
and so on). 

Inservice program 

Only after the diagnosis had been 
established and the necessary treat 
ment defined was an educational pro 
gram developed to meet the learning 
needs of the staff. This program was 
created to present information, to fa 
cilitate learning, and to produce a 
change in behavior. 

The program was presented seven 
times at various hours throughout 
three days to reach as many staff 
members as possible. 

Since the overall aim of the pro 
ject was to improve nursing care in 
a particular treatment area, head 
nurses attended the program first, fn 
this introductory program, the direc 
tor of the department of respiratory 
function stressed that head nurses are 
accountable for all nursing care given 
on their units, and that they are res 
ponsible for teaching and supervising 
unit staff. 

The remaining sessions were open to 
all staff members. In these, it was 
pointed out that team leaders were 
responsible for supervision of the nurs 
ing care given by team members. 

The program itself consisted of five 
parts. The first was a film. It reviewed 
some of the anatomy and physiology 
of the normal respiratory tract and 
demonstrated the appearance of a ther 
apeutic mist, the effects of different 
medications on a diseased respiratory 
tract, and the methods used to ad 
minister aerosols. A demonstration in 
setting up, using, maintaining, and 
cleaning the Croupette, the high hu 
midity nebulizer, and the compressor 
followed. The inhalation therapist pre 
sented this aspect of the program. 



Signs of faulty operation and better 
cleaning methods were stressed. 

The second demonstration showed 
the proper method of administering 
medication by inhalation mask. Doc 
tors written orders, preparation of 
child and equipment, actual adminis 
tration, and aftercare of the child and 
the equipment were reviewed. Partic 
ular stress was placed on the supervi 
sion of the child and the position to be 
maintained during treatment, as well 
as cleaning of the equipment after 
treatment. 

The fourth item required group par 
ticipation. Nurses went to see a mal 
functioning Croupette and were asked 
to discover the errors in assembly and 
operation. Through active participa 
tion, learning is not only facilitated, 
but also reinforced. 

The final part of the program was 
a period of general discussion. The 
positive approach to the problem of 
cystic fibrosis was emphasized. The 
nursing role of treatment coordinator 
also was discussed at some length; for 
example, when a medication was to be 
given by inhalation, the nurse received 
the treatment order from the doctor, 
obtained the solution from pharmacy, 
planned what times of day were best 
suited for treatment (considering 
meals, sleep patterns, visiting hours, 
physiotherapy treatment, and so on), 
and was responsible for seeing that 
prescribed treatment was carried out 
exactly. 

The inservice educator had prepared 
several display sheets. One of these 
showed sample doctors orders for in 
halation treatment: 

Croupette with compressed air and ice, 
and distilled water in humidity jar. 
High humidity nebulizer in Croupette 
with compressed air and propylene gly 
col 10%, in saline 3%. 
A sample medication order, a 
nurses order sheet (including a plan 
for daily cleaning of equipment), and 
a cystic fibrosis teaching schedule were 
also displayed. 

A postural drainage position chart 
was available to remind nurses that 
they could refer to one of these on 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




any unit when treatment was ordered. 
Nurses were encouraged to observe 
physiotherapists doing the treatment. 
Take-away notes were available to 
all program participants. Included in 
the notes was information about iso- 
proterenol hydrochloride, care of chil 
dren with cystic fibrosis, and care of 
children with asthma. These notes 
served to reinforce teaching, and could 
be used as future reference material. 

Followup care 

Following the program, new learn 
ing needs were expressed by the staff. 
They wanted more information about 
the theoretical and practical aspects 
of postural drainage and intermittent 
positive pressure breathing (IPPB). 
This showed that more knowledge in 
one field often uncovers a lack of 
knowledge in an allied field. Thus, 
before inservice even evaluated the 
effectiveness of one therapeutic plan, 
a symptom indicating another unsatis 
fied learning need was demanding 
treatment. 

Evaluating the effectiveness of treat 
ment of the original problem was a 
difficult task. First, one had to find 
out if improvement in nursing care had 
occurred and, if it had, whether or 
not the educational program was res 
ponsible. 

Spot checks were carried out by the 
inservice educator on equipment oper 
ation and technique of medication ad 
ministration by inhalation. Results in 
dicated that children were more close- 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ly supervised during treatment, cor 
rect technique was used in drug ad 
ministration by inhalation, equipment 
was generally in good working order, 
masks in locker drawers were clean, 
and instructions for carrying out treat 
ment and cleaning of equipment were 
written on the nurses order sheet. 

Head nurses on wards that used 
inhalation therapy equipment exten 
sively were asked individually whether 
they had noted any change in the ad 
ministration of inhalation therapy and 
the care of the equipment. All stated 
that improvement was evident, es 
pecially in the supervision of children 
during treatment, and the daily clean 
ing of equipment. 

From the above observation and 
discussion, it seemed clear that an im 
provement in nursing care had taken 
place. There was also the absence of 
any further complaints! Had the pro 
gram caused the improvement? This 
was more difficult to ascertain. The 
only evidence available was the at 
tendance record. The fact that a large 
number of nurses came to the pro 
gram (the greater portion of these 
being new staff members) would indi 
cate that the information given during 
the program was internalized and 
transferred to the work environment, 
thus actually causing the improvement 
in nursing care. 



Supervision is necessary during aerosol 
treatment. Company and a story 
also make treatment time fun. 



Conclusion 

Our division of inservice education 
has found the problem-solving meth 
od to be a most valuable way of 
discovering specific learning needs. 
Once determined, the specific learn 
ing needs become guides to course 
content for inservice programs. If the 
programs themselves are carefully 
planned and well presented, learning 
can take place learning that will 
result in a change in behavior and, as 
is the aim of inservice education, an 
improvement in the quality of pa 
tient care. n 



AUGUST 1967 



Unit-based 
inservice education 



Sometimes the problem requiring inservice teaching involves only one ward. Then 
the ward must undertake an active program on its own, aided by advice from 
inservice personnel. Three nurses describe programs on their units. 



OPD and emergency: Lucille Gauthier / Isolation: Mary Sheahan / Psychiatry: Margaret Sutherland 



OUTPATIENT AND EMERGENCY 

Staff of the outpatient and emer 
gency departments have special needs 
that are being met by a unit-based in- 
service program. 

This large department includes 43 
individual clinics through which the 
staff of registered nurses and nursing 
assistants rotate. There has been a 
fairly high turnover of staff in the 
unit. Between May 1st and October 
1st, 1966, there were 18 new registered 
nurses on a regular staff of 30. 

These new staff members have vary 
ing needs. Some have worked only 
with adults, some have never had any 
experience in an outpatient or emer 
gency department. 

There is also a language problem 
to be faced. Although this hospital is 
considered to be an English-speaking 
institution, it is located in a bilingual 
city; many of the patients seen are 
French speaking. 

Orientation 

Orientation is carried out in small 
groups so that the individual needs 
of each nurse can be recognized and 
planned for. The length of the orien 
tation program is 12 weeks. 

The first task of the program is 
to orient the nurse to her new physi 
cal surroundings. One teaching aid 
that is used is the "treasure hunt." 
A list of all the equipment used within 
the department is made; it includes 
such things as a stomach pump, tra 
cheotomy trays, cardiac arrest equip- 

AUGUST 1967 



ment. The new nurse will be responsi 
ble for locating all the items listed. 
As she is not involved in giving pa 
tient care during the first week, there 
is time for her to explore on her own 
and become familiar with her new 
surroundings at her own speed. 

The new nurse is also given a 
"check list." This is a record of all 
the pertinent procedures and policies 
used within the department. Each item 
is initiated after the procedure has 
been taught and also after the nurse 
has carried out the procedure success 
fully. It is a useful device which serves 
as a record of what areas have been 
covered and what requires attention. 
Both the inservice instruction and the 
charge nurse of each area utilize it 
to determine what needs to be taught 
or what would be a suitable assign 
ment for the new staff member. 

A third tool is the "orientation hand 
book." Specifically, this is a reference 
book of techniques. As well, as being 
useful during orientation, it is a help 
ful reference for the permanent staff. 
Frequent revision keeps the handbook 
up-to-date. 

Miss Sheahan is head nurse of the isola 
tion unit and Miss Gauthier is group in 
structor for the outpatient department at 
The Montreal Children s Hospital. Miss 
Sutherland is supervisor of the girl s adoles 
cent unit at the Douglas Hospital, Verdun; 
at the time the article was written she was 
psychiatric inservice coordinator at The 
Montreal Children s Hospital. 



Evaluation of the staff member s 
progress and skills continues through 
out the total period of employment. 
At the completion of the 12-week 
orientation period, however, a written 
evaluation is presented to the new 
employee and plans are made for her 
future learning. 

Staff development 

The staff development program aims 
to increase quality of patient care by 
adding to knowledge previously gain 
ed. This helps staff keep pace with 
changing patterns in nursing care and 
latest concepts in allied fields. 

A speaker talks to the staff each 
week. The topic is determined by the 
needs of the department or by current 
events. For example, a great quantity 
of soil was transported to form the 
islands needed for Expo 67; a wave 
of histoplasmosis resulted. A doctor 
was invited to discuss this disease pro 
cess with the staff. 

As well as general topics that con 
cern everybody, there are also special 
areas which concern only one group 
of personnel. One example is a film 
and discussion on fractures that was 
shown to the group of orderlies re 
sponsible for the "plaster room." 

Problem-solving 

It is part of the role of the inservice 
instructor to detect and help find solu 
tions for problems that occur in the 
functioning of the department. The 
instructor frequently makes observa- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



Orientation is a large part of the 
inservice educational program in the 
outpatient department. 



tion rounds to the various clinics. 
These rounds are followed by a dis 
cussion with the personnel involved. 
Observations are discussed and prob 
lems dealt with at this time. These 
observations also are used in planning 
the educational program. 

Evaluation 

The program in the outpatient and 
emergency department has been in pro 
gress for one year. The results to this 
time are encouraging. New personnel 
appear less confused; for example, 
there are fewer errors made in the 
management of patients and their rec 
ords. New nursing personnel seem to 
be able to undertake their assignments 
with confidence and competence in 
less time. Also, new staff are less 
likely to confuse the procedure for 
one clinic with that of another. 

The orientation handbook is an 
available reference for all staff and 
has led to fewer errors. This is par 
ticularly true on evenings and nights 
when the more senior nursing staff 
are available less. 

A definite loyalty to the depart 
ment is shown in a willingness of staff 
to remain on duty until a peak period 
has been completed. Also, the staff 
relieve each other within the depart 
ment when one member is off ill. 
Staff morale seems definitely better. 

ISOLATION 

Isolation: even the word has an 
impact all its own. Parents think of 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




dreaded infections and experience real 
fear; children see a closed door and 
feel lost, abandoned, punished; stu 
dents listen to residence rumors and 
pale; new graduates hear of their as 
signment and groan over the loss of 
the "open wards"; maids complain 
about extra work; doctors misuse the 
facilities and fuss about keeping a 
technique that only Santa Claus has the 
right to break. 

In an attempt to deal with these 
inherent problems, facilitate supervi 
sion of the nursing care, stimulate in 
terest and maintain motivation among 
the nurses, we introduced team nurs 
ing and an ongoing educational pro 
gram. 

Team nursing 

Although most of the staff had had 
some experience with team nursing it 
was evident that concepts varied. To 
clarify which concept would be used 
the supervisor distributed selected 
reading material. Discussions followed, 
and eventually, after two months of 
planning, team nursing was imple 
mented on the unit. 

One year later we evaluated the ef 
fectiveness of the program by means 
of a questionnaire designed to mea 
sure staff morale and the quality of 
patient care. We were delighted with 
the overwhelmingly positive response, 
and with the caliber of the comments. 
Two typical suggestions were: 

"I think we could redefine the team 
conference and what it should be: a 



report, or teaching, or both. As things 
stand now I am not satisfied with my 
own, as it tends to be more of a re 
port with a little teaching." 

"Now that team nursing has been 
working for a sufficient length of time 
we should have an evaluation. We 
should redefine the role of team leader, 
add to her responsibilities, and discuss 
the team approach to isolation." 

These comments led us to invite a 
member of the division of inservice 
education to spend some time on the 
ward to observe and assist in initiating 
the desired changes. 

Unit-based education 

Topics suggested for a unit-based 
educational program included: 

Diseases and the common treat 
ments and specific nursing care, for 
example, meningitis, diarrhea and vom 
iting, communicable diseases. 

Review of isolation technique and 
procedures, such as isolette care. 

Review of normal growth and de 
velopment. 

Effects of isolation on child, fam 
ily, and nurse. 

Lectures were started and the gen 
eral attitude and feeling appeared to 
be favorable. They stimulated an in 
terest in learning and the quality of 
care was up-graded because of a bet 
ter understanding of the child and his 
disease. 

Once again staff were requested to 
evaluate the program by completing a 
questionnaire. We were pleased to 

AUGUST 1967 






-X _J 

Kiwre 




Informal teaching by a resident in 
pediatric care is part of a unit-based 
inservice educational program. 



learn that the topics were of general 
interest to everyone, but it was rather 
surprising to discover that although 
many of the doctors lectures had not 
been geared to the particular needs 
or understanding of nurses, they had 
been the most popular. Overall atten 
dance had been good with approxi 
mately half the staff able to attend 
50 percent of the lectures. 

It was quite impossible to continue 
the program during the summer 
months, or in the fall when everyone 
was fully occupied with orientation of 
new personnel. This does not mean 
that the learning needs of the staff 
were not met to some degree during 
these periods other educational ac 
tivities were available. The regular 
presentations by the department of 
inservice education were attended 
whenever staffing permitted. Psychiatry 
conferences were held on a regular 
basis with the resident in that spe 
ciality to discuss the effects of isolation 
on the child, his nurse, and his family. 
The lectures on meningitis and dehy 
dration were repeated. 

Conclusion 

We believed that by giving a nurse 
the added responsibility of team lead 
ership as well as providing her with 
an opportunity for growth in her own 
knowledge and skills, we could moti 
vate her toward improved patient care 
and increase her job satisfaction. 

Job satisfaction in nursing is difficult 
to assess accurately, but we found 

AUGUST 1967 



that one way in which we could mea 
sure this with some degree of accuracy 
was to examine the statistics on staff 
turnover and look at the reasons why 
nurses left the ward. 

A total of 34 graduates and nursing 
assistants were employed over the 12- 
month period when the team nursing 
and educational programs were in ef 
fect. There are 14 nurses, or almost 
half, still remaining on staff. Of the 
20 who left: 

Five resigned to travel; 

Four resigned either to be married 
or because of marital reasons; 

Three resigned to go to university; 

Four were tranferred to other 
wards on request; 

Three were released from their 
positions; 

One was promoted. 

It is interesting to note that travel 
and marriage appear to be the main 
reasons why nurses left the ward, and 
encouraging to learn that a relatively 
high proportion of the staff resigned 
to further their education at the uni 
versity level. 

We have never held the opinion that 
a request for transfer to another ward 
was either an insult to the head nurse 
or an indication of inability in the 
nurse herself. If a nurse is not happy 
on a ward, then she cannot possibly 
give her best nursing care. 

On the other hand, if the quality of 
care being given by a nurse does not 
meet the required standards, then she 
should, in all fairness to herself and 



in the best interests of the patients, 
be released from her obligations. 

Upward mobility in the profession 
is indeed limited as evidenced by the 
fact that only one out of 34 nurses 
was promoted. This fact, alone, sub 
stantiates our premise that much more 
must be done to help the general duty 
nurse maintain a highly motivated, 
keen, and enthusiastic approach toward 
bedside nursing. 

PSYCHIATRY 

The primary therapeutic tool of each 
staff member in a children s psychia 
tric unit is his own unique personality. 
In addition, however, special skills and 
understanding are necessary to work 
effectively. 

The goal of the inservice program 
in this area is to help nurses and child 
care workers acquire the necessary 
skills and understandings and, at the 
same time, to promote individual per 
sonal growth. 

Orientation 

An orientation program was de 
veloped as a first step. Its purpose is 
to meet immediate needs of new staff 
members and to set the stage for 
future learning. Almost without ex 
ception, the new staff member has 
had no previous experience with emo 
tionally disturbed children. Our orien 
tation, therefore, has a special signifi 
cance. Not only is it necessary to fam 
iliarize the new person with the phys 
ical layout of the unit and the par- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



ticular policies in effect, but also to in 
troduce both normal and pathological 
aspects of child development. 

To determine the content of the 
program, "old" staff were invited to 
share the questions and feelings they 
had experienced during their first days 
on the unit. The questions varied with 
each individual, but the feelings had 
been remarkably similar. They had felt 
afraid, ignored, and angry. Such feel 
ings inhibit an individual s ability to 
be therapeutic and also reduce his mo 
tivation to learn. 

From the above data, a program 
evolved. Feelings were not forgotten. 
One senior staff member meets the 
new person and keeps in close contact 
with him throughout his first days on 
the unit. Opportunities are provided 
for new staff to observe senior people 
working with the children. For ex 
ample, the new member may eat 
breakfast with a patient and the nurse 
or child care worker. After this exper 
ience, he will be encouraged to talk 
about what he saw and heard and how 
it made him feel. Discussions are based 
on the functions of the nurse/child 
care worker, the philosophy of care, 
and methods of dealing with the child s 
provocative behavior. 

The unit is based within a general 
pediatric hospital. To give the new 
staff member an overview of the whole 
institution and his place within it, 
the unit orientation interlocks with the 
hospital s orientation program. 

Ongoing education 

Once an orientation program had 
been planned and implemented, we 
wondered where to go from there. 
What were the specific learning needs 
of the established staff and how could 
they be met? 

There are many learning opportun 
ities incorporated into the routine of 
the unit. For example, each staff mem 
ber receives weekly or bimonthly in 
dividual supervision by a senior nurse 
during the total period of employment. 
These periods are vital for the well- 
being of the staff member. He is en 
couraged to discuss his frustrations 
and successes in dealing with the child 
ren and their problems on the ward. 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Because the children are able to 
give very little positive response to 
the persons caring for them, and be 
cause their progress is often agoniz 
ingly slow, the supervisor must be 
able to give a great deal of support 
to her staff. The use of interaction 
records, in which staff write up an in 
teraction with a selected patient in 
cluding exactly what nurse and patient 
said and did, helps both the staff mem 
ber and the supervisor to face real 
problems and avoid the danger of 
being too superficial. 

Other valuable learning opportuni 
ties are found in team conferences 
and staff discussions with the psychi 
atrists on the unit. 

As stated earlier, most new staff 
have had no previous psychiatric ex 
perience. Child care workers have 
probably never worked within a hos 
pital before. The scope of learning 
needs is great and the teaching in 
cludes normal growth and develop 
ment, how to observe objectively, and 
how to participate as a member of a 
therapeutic milieu. 

Certain problems arise when one 
attempts to meet the learning needs 
of the staff. First, there is a wide 
variation in the preparation of staff 
members. This factor results in dif 
ficulty in choosing an appropriate 
level of teaching. 

A second problem is that staff give 
service over a 24-hour period. Staff 
rotation thus makes continuity of 
teaching difficult. Also, because dis 
turbed children require constant super 
vision, there are only a few staff mem 
bers available at any one time for 
teaching. 

Didactic lectures, where communi 
cation is only one way (instructor to 
group), do not make an especially 
effective learning experience on this 
unit. It seems necessary to link theory 
with practical suggestions for care and 
an opportunity for discussion. For ex 
ample, it is not enough to talk only 
about the psychodynamics of aggres 
sive children; one must also apply the 
theory to practical ideas for nursing 
care and allow staff an opportunity to 
talk about these ideas. 

Several methods have been found to 



be helpful in dealing with these prob 
lems in developing our inservice pro 
gram. The first is a staff reading pro 
ject. Once a week a group of staff 
meet together and one member will 
present a summary of an article or 
book of his choice. A discussion 
period follows and a recorder makes 
notes. Later, these notes are made 
available to everyone. 

Another method is the all-day work 
shop. This is a meeting of the staff 
group away from the work area. One 
topic is selected for discussion. In 
planning the first workshop, we learn 
ed a valuable lesson. After two staff 
psychiatrists had been asked to make 
major contributions to the program, 
one asked, "Why is it that nurses don t 
feel they know enough and alwavs 
look for help from another discipline?" 
It was a good question and it was 
found that the content for the work 
shop could be handled very adequately 
by nurses. 

If a workshop is repeated three 
times it is possible for every staff 
member to attend. Because the work 
shop takes place away from the unit, 
staff seem more relaxed and better 
able to reflect and learn. 

Films, followed by discussion ses 
sions, are given weekly. Also, tours 
to pertinent community resources are 
arranged whenever possible. 

Evaluation 

Feedback on the impact of the en 
tire program or its parts is not easily 
obtained. It is difficult to evaluate 
feelings or quality of patient care 
scientifically. After a workshop on 
communication, however, the head 
nurse reported that there was a marked 
improvement in the charting of obser 
vations. 

An inservice program is never con 
stant. To keep up with the problems 
and needs of the unit, we believe it 
is necessary to have daily contact with 
the ward staff. For example, an inser 
vice person attends reports and some 
conferences. Inservice personnel must 
be responsive to changing needs of the 
staff and active in determining meth 
ods to meet those needs. D 

AUGUST 1967 



Adolescents 
in hospital 



"Teeny-boppers" need a swinging world complete with coke machines and record 
players to ease the drag of hospitalization. 



Generally speaking, adolescents are 
satisfied to he on pediatric wards and 
and have no desire for change within 
the existing hospital organization. 
Youthful patients do not want to be 
with adults, and the feeling is mutual. 
Adolescents agree unanimously, how 
ever, that they would prefer some type 
of arrangement that would permit 
them to be separated from both pe 
diatric and adult services. They would 
be happier under such circumstances 
and able to draw support from each 
other. 

Head nurses are inclined to look 
upon adolescents as a potential source 
of trouble. They find that young peo 
ple become as readily bored with 
adult company as with that of young 
er children. 

Adolescent needs 

The adolescent s desire for privacy 
is especially strong. If he is hospitaliz 
ed on an adult ward, he usually finds 
this need respected. This is not the 
case on the pediatric ward, where 
there are many intrusions upon pri 
vacy: glass partitions between cubicles; 
blunt questions; and inspection of bed 
side tables as part of the daily house 
keeping routine. 

The extent to which the adolescent s 
opinions and ambitions are granted 
consideration is also important. On the 
pediatric service, the nurse may be 
more inclined to give orders than to 
make suggestions. This problem is 
practically non-existent on the adult 

AUGUST 1967 



Henriette Lussier-Gauthier 

ward, however, since the adolescent 
is treated as an adult. 

A well-known characteristic of the 
12 to 15-year-old is his tendency to 
fluctuate between dependent and in 
dependent behavior. Pediatric care ful 
fills his need for security but, during 
his periods of independence, denies 
him sufficient freedom, even that of 
being responsible for his own actions. 
Adult services not only accept, but ex 
ploit independent behavior. The ado 
lescent is trusted to carry out certain 
responsibilities, indeed is depended 
upon to do so. However, if he relapses 
into dependency, he is usually reject 
ed for his childishness. 

To the onlooker, the adolescent of 
ten appears lazy and disinterested. 
Hospital staff may not recognize this 
behavior as the adolescent s reaction 
to the rapid physiological changes oc- 
curing in his body. In many instances, 
the hospital environment provides lit 
tle to counteract this passivity and 
thus, indirectly, becomes an accom 
plice to it. 

An extremist by nature, the adoles 
cent demands that justice, as he under 
stands it, be carried out. He rebels 
against complying with the same rules 

Mme Gauthier-Lussier, a graduate of L in- 
stitut Marguerite d Youville, Montreal, is 
Director of Nursing Education at the H6- 
pital du Sacre-Coeur School of Nursing. 
Hull, Quebec. This article is based on a 
research project carried out at Institut Mar 
guerite d Youville in 1966. 



that apply to "babies" on the pedia 
tric service, but appreciates the distrib 
utive justice that underlies the rules 
and regulations on the adult wards. 
Finally, the adolescent is character 
istically gregarious. Neither the pe 
diatric service nor any other in our 
present set-up satisfies his need for 
companionship. Since 12 to 15-year- 
olds are not particularly prone to ill 
nesses requiring hospitalization, we 
tend to scatter them through the var 
ious hospital services, thus giving 
them little opportunity for group con 
tact. 

Objectives of an adolescent service 

Obviously, the present pattern of 
hospital organization has certain draw 
backs in the facilities offered to ado 
lescent patients. A form of organiza 
tion is needed to relieve the present 
situation and provide for future medi 
cal, social, and administrative de 
mands. 

The solution best suited to nursing 
staff and adolescents alike would be 
to establish a well-equipped adoles 
cent ward and to staff it with com 
petent, energetic personnel. The psy 
chological trauma of hospitalization 
with those of another age group would 
be avoided; the enforced stay in hos 
pital would be less burdensome, since 
the youngster would be able to adjust 
more easily; and treatment would be 
more efficient and recovery corres 
pondingly rapid. 

An adolescent service should be 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



designed to meet the physical and psy- 
chosocial needs of the adolescent. 
Moreover, it should be a center for 
specialized pediatric care, where per 
sonnel are concerned with health edu 
cation, preventive medicine, and the 
psychological development of the ado 
lescent. 

[n this setting the focus of all atten 
tion and professional care is on the 
adolescent who happens to be ill and 
not the illness that happens to affect 
the adolescent. 

Personnel 

The chief of the pediatric service 
should be jointly responsible with the 
attending staff of doctors and pedia 
tricians on the adolescent service for 
medical therapy. The service should 
be administered by a medical commit 
tee that has both the responsibility 
and authority for ensuring good stan 
dards of care. This committee, in co 
operation with the nursing staff, would 
define and implement policies related 
to patient care. 

The head nurse of the adolescent 
unit would report to the supervisor of 
the pediatric unit and to the adminis 
trative board of the hospital. She 
would assume responsibility for the 
quality of care given, personnel, in- 
service education, the carrying out of 
doctors orders, general maintenance 
of equipment and the ward as a whole, 
and implementation of administrative 
directives. Her academic preparation 
would include a degree in nursing 
science and special study in adolescent 
psychology. 

The staff should be made up of 
energetic, poised, young people who 
possess considerable knowledge of 
adolescent psychology. Nursing stu 
dents and nursing assistants should 
be included in this group and available 
for all tours of duty. 

Specialists, such as play therapists, 
psychologists, and teachers should be 
employed on a part-time basis to im 
plement a pre-arranged program. 

Staffing affects the adolescent pa 
tient s security; personnel of all cate 
gories should be assigned to this ser 
vice on a long-term basis. 

Supervision and instruction of ward 
staff is essential to the well-being and 
development of the adolescent patient. 
Nursing students are taught mainly by 
their clinical instructor and act under 
the guidance of their ward advisor. 
Brief, regular meetings for the whole 
staff are necessary to ensure accuracy 
and uniformity of knowledge. 

Organization of the unit 

The adolescent unit should be sep 
arated from other pediatric services. 
Ideally, the following facilities should 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



be provided: a visitors waiting room; 
a treatment room; a dressing room; 
a dining room and an adjoining kit 
chenette; a "living" area, featuring a 
games room, solarium, canteen, record 
player and records; a head nurse s 
office; an office reserved for special 
ists; a utility and linen room; a nur 
ses station; and private and two- or 
three-bed patient rooms. 

Since it is recognized that adoles 
cents are less inclined to contract con 
ditions that require hospitalization, the 
number of admissions would be lower 
than on the other services and the 
bed capacity of the unit would be 
governed accordingly. 

Youngsters of both sexes, aged 12 
to 18 years, would be eligible for ad 
mission. Those at either extreme of 
the age limits would be accepted on 
the basis of psychological rather than 
chronological age. 

Special privileges 

At the time of admission, each 
youngster would be given a folder 
containing ward rules and regulations, 
the daily schedule, the objectives of 
care, and the facilities available on 
the ward. 

Rules and regulations for the ado 
lescent should be firm yet flexible. 
For example, his bedside visitors 
would be limited to two persons, but 
he could entertain several of his 
friends in the lounge during the even 
ing hours. 

Ambulatory patients would wear 
their own clothing. With the approv 
al of the physician, they would be 
permitted, indeed encouraged, to go 
out on the hospital grounds at cer 
tain hours. 

These same patients could have 
their meals together in a room set 
aside for this purpose. This would 
encourage sociability and help to off 
set loneliness that they might be ex 
periencing. Menus would be chosen 
in accordance with the program of 
medical care. However, the menu for 
any specific diet should include several 
choices to allow for individual tastes. 

The adolescent would be free to go 



to the soda bar whenever he wished. 
He would be required to produce an 
identity tag but could then choose 
whatever he wanted within the limits 
of his diet. Milk shakes, sundaes, fresh 
fruit juices, sherbet, and egg-noggs are 
favorite snacks that satisfy both the 
dietary needs and the sweet tooth of 
the adolescent. 

Supervised activities 

The daily schedule should indicate 
the following: school hours; chores; 
educational games and free time; 
health teaching; sex education; recrea 
tional evenings film club, dancing, 
etc. In addition, meal hours, snack 
times, rest periods, and bed time 
would be noted. 

Activities designed to occupy the 
adolescent s leisure time must be plan 
ned to a certain degree. These may 
include school work, handicrafts, and 
a health teaching program. 

A part-time teacher could supervise 
studies adjusted to the various academ 
ic levels of patients, on a daily or 
three times weekly basis. Instruction 
would be given to small groups or to 
individuals as required. 

A program of sex education is an 
other possibility. This might be con 
ducted as a series of informal chats or 
as individual conferences. Ideally, a 
psychologist should be on the unit 
staff so that adolescents could con 
sult him as desired. An alternative to 
this would be to have a psychologist 
on call as the need arose. 

Handicrafts such as ceramic work, 
needlework, sculpture, and engraving 
should be under the direction of ex 
perts trained in these arts. Adequate 
facilities should exist to permit partici 
pation by as many patients as possi 
ble. Some adolescents may have no 
interest whatever in these activities. A 
room where various games could be 
played, either of an entertaining or 
constructive nature, should be at their 
disposal. 

Bibliography available on request to The 
Canadian Nurse, 50 The Driveway, Otta 
wa 4, Ontario. D 

AUGUST 1967 




AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Manipulation in a 

nurse-patient 

relationship 

Psychiatric patients particularly those exhibiting sociopathic and hysterical 
behavior may attempt to manipulate staff. If manipulative techniques are not 
recognized, patient progress will be delayed. 



Lee Okkenhaug 



Manipulation in a nurse-patient re 
lationship occurs when the nurse s 
behavior is influenced by the patient s 
maneuvers to get her to meet his im 
mediate need. Although the express 
ed need is met, the patient s real need 
the need to learn new patterns of 
behavior is ignored. This implies 
that in successful manipulation, there 
is no learning experience but, rather, 
a mutually adaptive relationship. 

To avoid being manipulated, the 
nurse must be aware of her reactions 
to the patient s behavior, and be 
prepared to examine her feelings in 
terms of this behavior and the patient s 
needs. Her understanding of growth 
and development and of the patient s 
present pattern of interpersonal behav 
ior are her most valuable tools in 
evaluating his needs and progress. 

The relationship must provide the 
patient with consistent and firm ex 
pectations. When the nurse defines 
these expectations, she is setting 
limits for behavior. The patient will 
repeatedly explore and test the extent 
and consistency of these limits, and 
will attempt to re-establish previous 
patterns of interpersonal relationships 
to obtain needed gratification. His ex 
ploration of more appropriate forms 
of behavior should in itself be a mean 
ingful learning experience for him. 

Sociopathic personality 

Sociopathic patients have a certain 
charming exterior, which at first 
brings forth a positive response from 



46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



staff. At the same time, persons with 
sociopathic personalities have a re 
markable facility for noting lack of 
confidence, inexperience, and ambiva 
lence in the attitudes of staff. Fre 
quently, they try to take advantage 
of this by subtle persuasion or de 
mands on the unsuspecting individual. 
When the manipulative behavior final 
ly becomes apparent, it arouses a tre 
mendous amount of anger in those car 
ing for the patient. This anger further 
serves to foster guilt feelings, because, 
after all, the person is a patient, and is 
not entirely aware of his fantasies or 
fabrications. 

It is evident that the anti-social pa 
tient often is treated with much am 
bivalence. A more positive, more ef 
fective relationship could result if the 
nurse examined her own feelings about 
this patient, and evaluated her re 
sponse to him in terms of treatment 
goals, however limited they might be. 

Essential to any effective relation 
ship with this patient is a firm but 
warm attitude, a professional, but not 
social relationship. Limits set by the 
nurse must be definite, clear, and con 
sistent, and enforced in such a manner 
that the interests of the patient are 
foremost. 

Often, the patient with a socio 
pathic personality will test the limits 
set by staff. The only solution to this 
is a consistent, identical approach by 
everyone dealing with him. A common 
maneuver is for him to play one staff 
member against another; if he finds 

AUGUST 1967 



any inconsistency, he is able to make 
everyone seem incompetent, even 
stupid. Also, he may threaten to use 
violence to frighten the nurse, thus 
making her feel she cannot effectively 
deal with him. Again, she is made to 
appear incompetent whether she panics 
and leaves the room, or tries to pacify 
him by giving in to his demands. 

Here is what happened in one sit 
uation when a nurse dealt effectively 
with such a threat by setting limits on 
the patient s behavior. 
Patient: You had better watch out for 
me nurse. 
Nurse: Oh? 

Patient: I feel like hitting someone. 
Nurse: You and I can talk about it 
when you feel this way. 

Thus, this nurse set a limit on the 
form of aggression to be used in the 
relationship, and did not reassure him, 
avoid him, or take an authoritarian 
approach, which would have resulted 
in the patient using the same pattern 
over and over again. Her purpose of 
setting this limit was not to control 
the patient, but to provide a consis 
tent set of expectations and to provide 
guidance toward self-control. When the 
nurse is aware that she is providing 
consistent expectations for the patient, 
she is likely to feel much more secure 
and self-confident in her dealings with 
him. 

Hysterical behavior 

Manipulative behavior as seen in pa 
tients of hysterical nature is not as 
diverse in purpose as that of the socio- 
pathic individual. For the former, the 
basic need or issue is his desire for 
love and acceptance by his parent or 
parent substitute. However, the meth 
ods utilized by these patients are of a 
seductive, masochistic, exhibitionistic, 
always immature, nature. Each patient 
finds the most successful method to get 
attention. 

Persons showing hysterical behavior 
are generally narcissistic, dependent, 
and given to much histrionic behavior. 
All these devices have a highly com 
municative intent. Often the method of 
communication becomes more impor 
tant to the individual than the actual 
meaning of the words he uses. The 
hysteric person does not linger on 

AUGUST 1967 



logic or thought formulation, but 
rather on the overall dramatic effect 
of what he is saying. Again, it is ne 
cessary for the nurse to examine her 
own feelings before attempting to help 
this patient. 

It is often clear what the patient is 
demanding by his dramatic behavior, 
whether it be sympathy, forgiveness, 
dependence or reproach. In many 
instances, it is difficult for staff not to 
feel guilty when they ignore his im 
mediate demands. This patient usually 
is adept at flattery and can make the 
nurse feel that she is a good nurse if 
she carries out his demands and, con 
versely, a bad nurse if she does not. 
The nurse may be tempted to allow 
herself to be put in a mutually adap 
tive relationship to avoid dealing with 
the patient, to avoid guilty feelings 
herself, and to avoid getting angry. If 
she gives in to this temptation, she 
reinforces the patient s expectation that 
this particular method of obtaining 
gratification is effective. He will con 
tinue to use it, and any other approach 
used by another member of the staff 
will be ineffective. 

Patients showing hysterical behavior 
often generate a great deal of anger 
and hostility from staff as their man 
ipulations are obvious but difficult to 
handle. If the patient is treated with 
hostility and rejection, he will resort 
to another, possibly more serious, 
manipulative attempts to obtain grat-- 
fication, such as an attempt at suicide. 

A common manipulative maneuver 
is for the patient to try to establish 
and maintain a dependent relationship 
with the nurse. In one instance, a 
patient complained that no number of 
staff cared for her. As she said this, 
she cried and looked very much like 
a helpless child. The nurse became 
aware of her own feelings to comfort 
and mother the patient, but she also 
was aware of the patient s desire for 
dependency. She decided how she 
should respond to help the patient be 
come more independent. She waited 
until the patient became less anxious, 
and helped her to see that their rela 
tionship would be a mutual effort in 
which the patient could learn by 
achieving self-control. Thus, the nurse 
set a limit on excessive dependency. 



The patient will test behaviors in 
the process of learning new ways of 
relating. If there is a lack of testing, 
the nurse must decide whether she has 
been manipulated into a dominance- 
submission relationship. In this type 
of relationship the patient may do 
everything to please the nurse. He then 
may become the so-called "good" pa 
tient. This means that learning and 
growth are not occurring. The patient 
is not gaining self-awareness and inde 
pendence, but is cooperating on a sub 
missive, rather than on an autonomous, 
level. In such a case the nurse must 
have the patient examine his own be 
havior. 

Nurse: Did you say that because you 
thought I wanted you to? 
Patient: I don t know, perhaps I did. 

At this point, the nurse asks the pa 
tient to reveal more of his thoughts 
and feelings, thus setting the expec 
tation that the patient should talk 
about his feelings to know more about 
himself, not merely to please the nurse. 

Nurses are frequently viewed as 
mother-substitutes by such patients, 
and maneuvers such as being helper, 
gift-bearer, and flatterer are quite com 
mon. To the extent that the nurse re 
sponds to these patterns with approval, 
and to the extent that the pattern con 
tinues, the nurse has been manipulated. 

Summary 

Manipulation is an interpersonal 
process that may take many forms. 
The nurse s most valuable insurance 
against participation in a mutually 
adaptive relationship is her conscious 
knowledge of the goals of her response 
in relation to the patient s needs. In 
setting limits, she must know what 
she is limiting. Generally, she is limit 
ing excessive dependency in its varied 
forms, and aggression in its destructive 
forms. Her purpose is not to control 
the patient, but to provide guidance 
toward self-control. 

Mrs. Okkenhaug is a staff nurse on the 
Home Care Service, Psychiatric Unit, The 
Montreal General Hospital. This article is 
adapted from a speech she presented to the 
Psychiatric Nurses Association of Montreal 
in November 1966. rj 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



The changing voice 
of protest 



Since Confederation, Canadians reactions to the smallpox vaccine have changed 
from violent protest to the occasional vocal "ouch." 



Demonstrators abound in 1967, but 
placard-carrying protesters are by no 
means peculiar to this decade. Just 100 
years ago one group was so success 
ful in its protests that it caused one 
of Canada s largest smallpox epidemics 
- and 3,164 deaths. They were the 
anti-vaccinationists. 

The whole history of the modern 
smallpox vaccine is characterized by 
protest. In 1796 Edward Jenner tested 
his cowpox vaccine on a "highly reluc 
tant" eight-year-old boy. Two years 
later he sent a sample of the vaccine 
to a former student, Rev. John Clinch, 
M.D., stationed in Trinity, Newfound 
land. Like Jenner, Dr. Clinch expe 
rienced considerable difficulty finding 
a "volunteer" to test the vaccine. Even 
tually he managed to apply it to his 
nephew, a boy of about 17 "who sub 
mitted to treatment by no means wil 
lingly," according to a report in The 
Telegram of Newfoundland. 

To prevent the spread of smallpox, 
a Bureau de Vaccins was established 
in Quebec in 1821. A brochure issued 
by the Bureau indicates the rather 
complicated process of vaccination at 
that time. It was recommended that 
"a second inoculation be made about 
36 to 48 hours before the areola of 
the first inoculation commences to 
appear, that is to say, the fifth or 
sixth day after the matter has been in 
serted." 

1867 smallpox on rampage 

The continuing unpopularity of the 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



vaccine is evidenced by the fact that in 
1842 smallpox was once again preva 
lent throughout the country. By Can 
ada s Confederation, in 1867, the dis 
ease had reached Sault Ste. Marie. In 
an attempt to prevent its spread, the 
Ontario Board of Health allocated the 
extravagant sum of $90.68. 

Between 1875 and 1885 some of 
the strongest antagonism to vaccination 
developed in French Canada, climax 
ing in the rise of the anti-vaccina 
tionists and ending in one of Quebec s 
worst epidemics. 

No quiet sit-ins 

The anti-vaccinationists did not stage 
the quiet sit-ins of today. At the height 
of the movement, September 28, 1885, 
a howling mob assembled and took 
possession of the streets. The protesters 
tore down placards from vaccination 
stations, assaulted City Hall itself and 
after being driven off once by the 
police, broke in and wrecked the 
health offices, smashing windows and 
throwing quantities of disinfectants and 
posters into the street. 

The tragedy of this protest was that 
it stemmed from a mistaken belief that 
serious ulcerations (now thought to be 
of syphilitic origin) were caused by 
the vaccine. 

Thousands die 

That year an epidemic of smallpox 
began in Montreal and swept though 
the unprotected population. That win 
ter, 3,164 of whom 2,717 were chil 



dren under 10, died in Montreal alone. 
It was a tragic lesson. Never since 
that time has there been any opposi 
tion to vaccination in the Province of 
Quebec. Not one case of smallpox has 
been reported in Montreal in the past 
36 years. 

Although there was opposition to 
vaccines among the English-speaking 
people of Ontario and the Western 
provinces, it never approached the vio 
lent extremes of Quebec s anti-vaccina 
tionists. As a result, these provinces 
were spared the ravages of Quebec s 
wide-spread epidemics. 

Conscientious objectors 

Today there are few conscientious 
objectors to vaccination but occasion 
ally there is a flare-up of anti-vaccina 
tion feeling among some religious 
groups. In 1921 an epidemic hit Otta 
wa as a result of such feelings. It was 
during this epidemic that the National 
Department of Health adopted a me 
thod of vaccination that has been used 
until recently. This description is given 
in a brochure released by the Depart 
ment at that time: 

"By this method the skin of the 
outer surface of the arm is thoroughly 
cleansed with soap and water followed 
by swabbing with alcohol. A drop of 
vaccine is placed on the cleansed 
surface. A needle, held almost paral 
lel with the skin, is then gently pushed 
through the drop of vaccine into the 
top layer of skin. No blood is drawn 
as the true skin is not pierced. At the 

AUGUST 1967 



-lit 




Since the 1885 Quebec epidemic, 
violent opposition to vaccination has 
been rare. But 100 years ago 
vaccination was not the painless 
process it is today. 



site of the vaccination a pearly pustule 
develops. This enlarges until it be 
comes about the size of a ten-cent 
piece. It then dries up leaving a scar 
little bigger than a five cent piece. 
There is a slight headache and a feel 
ing of chilliness, showing the constitu 
tional effect." At the public health 
meeting in Montreal in 1925, a com 
mittee appointed to recommend the 
best single method of vaccination 
adopted this method. 

Occasional "ouch" 

Most protests in Canada in 1967 
are limited to the occasional vocal 
"ouch." The recent development of 
"guns" to replace needles may silence 
even these last protests. 

The principle of the jet injector 
was discovered accidentally 15 years 
ago by an engineer. While repairing 
an engine, he received an injection of 
oil when one of the pipes, filled with 
oil under pressure, developed a small 
hole. Today, intramuscular, subcuta 
neous, and intradermal injections can 
be given with jet injectors using the 
pressure of a finger, foot or electricity. 

The jet injector has great advantages, 
particularly where large numbers of 
people are gathered together. This 
method, however, requires a vaccine of 
optimum purity that few laboratories 
can produce. The new guns are light 
and easy to use: the hand model weighs 
about one pound, the foot-operated 
model about 20 pounds, and the electric 
model about 30 to 40 pounds. 

AUGUST 1967 



Up to 8,000 persons in one day 
can be vaccinated using the electric 
model, which needs only one steriliza 
tion per day. 

Cheerful volunteers 

When Dr. John Davis of the epide 
miology branch of the Department of 
National Health and Welfare wanted 
to test the guns, he didn t have to 
chase "a reluctant nephew." In fact, 
300 employees at the Department of 
National Health and Welfare head 
quarters in Ottawa cheerfully volun 
teered themselves as human guinea 
Pigs- 
Canada lucky 

The history of the smallpox vaccine 
in Canada is really a success story. 
Other countries have not been so 
lucky. According to a recent release 
from the World Health Organization, 
smallpox continues to be a serious 
world health problem; but the hin 
drances today are not anti-vaccina- 
tionists, but a lack of financial and 
technical support, transport and equip 
ment for the countries concerned. To 
day the major epidemic foci are South- 
East Asia, certain parts of South Ame 
rica, and Africa south of the Sahara. 
In India superstitions still hinder the 
fight against the disease. Many people 
refuse to be vaccinated on the ground 
that the vaccine is polluted by animal 
matter. In one province, Bihar, 1,000 
villagers have died of smallpox since 
January, 1967. Q 




This "willing volunteer" at the 
Department of National Health and 
Welfare isn t so sure that the new gun 
is painless. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



Seals for patients 



Its not all work for the five seal pups who have joined the University of 
Guelph s zoological staff. Two registered nurses and registered nursing assistant 
are on hand to cater to all their needs. 



Elizabeth Johnson, Elizabeth dejong; and Marilyn Foster 



Our "patients" have temperatures of 
35C (96F), are capable of lowering 
their heartbeat to 20 beats per minute, 
and have hemoglobins almost double 
the normal human level. They are 
amiable harp seal pups who were born 
about March 1, 1967 in the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence and transported by air to 
the Department of Zoology, University 
of Guelph, at Easter. 

The seals are given T.L.C. by the 
three of us in the course of our work 
as research technicians in the depart 



ment. Their care is a pleasurable task 
as they are characters with their very 
individual personalities. 

Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson, who train 
ed at Ramsgate and Margate Hos 
pital, Kent, England and worked as a 
registered nursing assistant in Canada, 
daily feeds each seal nine or ten sea 
herring as well as a vitamin pill. She 
is assisted in a program to follow the 
hematological development by Mrs. 
Elizabeth deJong, a 1963 graduate of 
the Mack Training School at St. Cath 



arine s General Hospital, and Mrs. 
Marilyn Foster, a 1962 graduate of the 
Calgary General Hospital School of 
Nursing. The program is directed by 
Professor Keith Ronald, Ph.D., head 
of the Department of Zoology. 

Blood is drawn from the hind flip 
per of each seal every two weeks. The 
hematological analysis includes total 
erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, in 
cluding differentials, hemoglobin le 
vels, hematocrit, partial pressures of 
oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, pro- 




A seal undergoing "intensive care." The electrodes are being used, 
to monitor normal heart rates and pattern in this marine mammal. 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Mrs. Marilyn Foster, making a red blood 
cell count on a normal seal s blood. 

AUGUST 1967 




The cause of it all 
a true Easter seal. 



thrombin times, and plasma protein 
electropherograms. 

Among other studies being initiated 
are electrocardiogram tracings, which 
are picked up directly with electrodes 
placed on the seal restrained in a V- 
trough on a stretcher. Further ECGs 
of a swimming seal are picked up on a 
radio receiver from a transmitter at 
tached to the electrodes. Graduate stu 
dents in the department are studying 
the visual and audio perceptions and 
acuities of seals. Of interest are the ul 
trasonic emissions utilized by these 
animals, perhaps in communication 
with each other. 

Other records we keep of the seals 
include weight, heart rate, and mea 
surement of length. In addition, a 
variety of other tasks in the depart 
ment give us an opportunity to assist 
in teaching undergraduate laboratory 
studies and in guiding educational 
tours. The latter include tours for re 
tarded children, high school students, 
and persons interested in biology. We 
also are involved in programs to study 
the development of the blood of the 
Red-winged Blackbird, the physiologi 
cal changes that occur in the hiberna 
ting Columbian Ground Squirrel, and 
the separation of subspecies of Cana 
dian Geese through plasma protein 
differences. 

We all find satisfaction in our new 
environment, and believe this research 
will someday benefit mankind. Also, 
we enjoy the numerous opportunities 
ever present for further learning. Q 

AUGUST 1967 




Mrs. Betty Johnson (left), aided by Mrs. Marilyn Foster, attempts to obtain 
a blood sample from the hind flipper of a harp seal. If the attempt is not 
successful within the first few minutes, the seal cuts off circulation to that 
point, leaving a somewhat bloodless area and a frustrated technician. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 



Therapy with Oxygen and Other Gases 

by Marie M. Seedor. 172 pages. New 
York, Teachers College, Columbia Uni 
versity, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss J. H. Hezekiah, nurs 
ing instructor, The Montreal General 
Hospital, Montreal. 

This book presents a thorough, detailed 
and informative unit on the uses of oxygen 
therapy. 

The book is divided into four lessons: a 
review of the mechanics of respiration, the 
purposes of oxygen therapy, the methods of 
oxygen administration, and administration 
of other gases. There is a summary and 
review questions at the end of each lesson. 

Instructors might find this useful as a 
supplement to their basic course, and as 
an aid to students. 

A sound basic knowledge of physiology 
and physics would appear to be a prere 
quisite for students using book. 

Scientific Principles in Nursing, 5 ed., 
by M. Esther McClain, R.N., M.S., and 
Shirley Hawke Gragg, R.N., B.S.N. 436 
pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Tina Enns, instructor, 
fundamentals of nursing, Misericordia 
General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Basically, this book consists of nursing 
principles rather than techniques. The 
authors have kept in mind both the chang 
ing role of the nurse and the changing 
methods and philosophies of teaching. 

Two new chapters have been added to 
this fifth edition of the original basic 
nursing text : a chapter on psychosocial 
aspects of hospital care and another on 
rehabilitation. Many old illustrations have 
been replaced by more recent ones that 
show modern equipment. The performance 
check lists and life situations at the end 
of the chapters have been retained and the 
suggested reading list has been reevaluated 
and modernized. 

Since the text is concerned with prin 
ciples, it would help the student under 
stand the reasons behind the techniques 
she performs. The student will realize 
that nursing as a profession is dependent 
on a body of scientific knowledge related 
to the physical and social sciences. The 
book stresses the patient as an individual 
and points out the need for an individ 
ual plan of care. 

The chapter on psychosocial aspects of 
hospital care is very helpful and includes 
a section on the influence of culture on 

52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



the patient, his adaptation to hospital, 
methods of communication, spiritual needs, 
and a description of the more common 
religious faiths. 

The importance of rehabilitation and 
continuity of care after discharge from 
hospital is discussed as well as community 
resources to which the patient can be 
referred. The student will realize from 
this that nursing is not confined to the 
hospital. The "learning situations" at the 
end of certain chapters help the student 
to recognize the importance of her role 
as a health teacher. 

Since this book is concerned with the 
principles related to basic needs, it would 
be helpful for first-year students. However, 
beginning students might not be able to 
put all these principles into practice without 
more concrete guidance; a few of the how s 
as well as the why s seem indicated. For 
example, more detail might have been 
useful in the section on moving patients 
getting them out of bed for the first 
time or moving them from bed to wheel 
chair. 

The objective of the authors has been 
accomplished and the book is informative 
and valuable as an aid in teaching funda 
mentals of nursing. 

ANA Clinical Sessions, American 

Nurses Association. 1966. 272 pages. 
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Div 
ision of Meredith Publishing Co.. 1967. 
Reviewed by Jean R. Godard, assistant 
professor, Medical - Surgical Nursing, 
School for Graduate Nurses, Montreal. 

This collection of papers from the 1966 
Clinical Sessions of the American Nurses 
Association represents an attempt to assist 
the nurse to improve the quality of her 
nursing care through a wider dissemination 
of new and evolving knowledge in the social 
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex 
perts are presented and analyzed. In the 
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis 
cussions concern the behavior of people 
under social pressures from their environ 
ment. Barriers to communication, approach 
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs 
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems, 
community health, and education are topics 
that come under consideration. 

This book would be a useful adjunct to 
the library of those interested in a more 
scientific approach to nursing care. It is 
illustrative of the increasing complexity of 
the knowledge of man and his relationships 



that is so vital to the professional nurse 
today. The readability of these papers 
should also make them useful to the teach 
er of nursing as source material for study 
and discussion. 

The Nursing Clinics of North America, 

volume 2, Number 1, edited by Elisabeth 
H. Boeker and Jane C. Donahue. 214 
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication avail 
able in Canada from McAinsh & Com 
pany, 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Doris Marlyn, senior 
radiotherapy technician, The Princess 
Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Out. 

This volume of Nursing Clinics should 
prove an asset to any nursing library. It 
provides valuable reading material to all 
nurses working in the field of radiology, 
and the legal aspects should be of partic 
ular interest to anyone in the present day 
nursing profession. 

The need for additional knowledge and 
skill to cope with new treatment methods 
and techniques comes with the increased 
use of radiation in our lives today. This 
fact is pointed out in the foreword of the 
first symposium of this book, entitled "Ra 
diation Uses and Hazards." 

The contributing authors of the ten arti 
cles included have had varied and wide ex 
perience. The nursing responsibilities pecu 
liar to the use of radiation for diagnosis 
and therapy, both for hospital nurses and 
those working in out-patient departments, is 
stressed. The fact that the nurse must keep 
pace with the technical advances in these 
specialities is pointed out. 

A paper entitled "Inservice Education in 
Radiation Health" calls attention to the 
many and varied responsibilities of all insti 
tutions where ionizing radiation is used. 
The fact is stressed that personnel who fully 
understand the significance of radiological 
health will establish good radiation protec 
tion procedure for themselves and others. 

Two articles entitled "Radiation in Per 
spective" and "Radiation and its Effects on 
Man" point out that the role of the nurse, 
as an important source of health informa 
tion, becomes increasingly significant as 
medicine and industry find more uses for 
radioactive isotopes. They also provide the 
nurse with the basic facts and proper per 
spective toward radiation, which she needs 
in order to answer many of the questions 
likely to be asked by laymen in a hospital, 
a clinic, office, or home. 

The remaining articles cover concisely 
and thoroughly the special patient care 

AUGUST 1967 



books 



unique to radiological nursing and the pro 
tective measures that will minimize radia 
tion exposure to herself and others. 

"The Legal Basis of Nursing" is the 
opening paper in the second symposium en 
titled "The Nurse and the Law." Articles 
dealing with such timely subjects as "Mai- 
practise - - the Nurse as ;i Defendant," 
"The Nurse on the Witness Stand," and 
"Law and the Nurse the Canadian Posi 
tion," bring to the attention of the reader, 
the fact that the practicing nurse of loday, 
daily faces the hazard of a claim for dam 
ages for professional injuries to her pa 
tient. Hence nurses need to become more 
familiar with the laws applicable to the 
practice of nursing. In short comprehensive 
chapters this symposium provides some of 
that knowledge. 

fn the foreword, one of the editors states 
that the increasing and broadening respons 
ibilities of the nursing profession have made 
it ever more important that nurses under 
stand the legal implications of these new 
aspects of their professional duties. 

This volume contains, as an added bonus, 
a section entitled "Special Features." which 
includes a brief biography of an eminent 
personality in nursing - Miss Ruth Sleeper. 



A Guide For Staffing A Hospital 

Nursing Service, by Marguerite Paetz- 
nick, R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva, 
World Health Organization, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Pamela Allan, Direc 
tor Nursing Service, University of Alberta 
Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. 

The purpose of this book is to present 
material useful in considering the staffing 
needs of a hospital nursing service. The 
author considers the need for collaboration 
among nurses, doctors and administrators 
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing 
patterns. Information for this guide has 
been gathered from a variety of countries. 

The book begins with a survey of the 
changing world of nursing and the increas 
ing responsibilities assumed by nursing ser 
vice. It covers the following topics: planning 
the improvement of nursing care through 
staffing; factors relating to the care of the 
hospital patient; hospital administrative 
practices relating to nursing; utilization of 
nursing personnel; and education. The last 
20 pages of the book include organization 
charts, assignment sheets, job analysis forms 
and nursing care plans. 

This book gives an excellent outline of 
the variables to be considered in planning 
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of 
illness, together with the number of patients 
requiring care, have received attention. Al 
though there is no bibliography, excellent 



reference material is provided in footnotes 
throughout. 

This book is too brief to be used as a 
student text, but would be invaluable as 
a guide for those experienced in nursing 
service and seeking guide lines for further 
reading. 

Health is a Community Affair, by the 

National Commission on Community 
Health Services. 252 pages. Toronto, 
Saunders, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Helen M. Carpenter, 
director, School of Nursing, University 
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 

This text is the product of the National 
Commission on Community Health Services. 
a Commission appointed by the American 
Public Health Association and the National 
Council of Health to conduct studies and 
make recommendations on the development 
of health services to meet new and emerg 
ing needs. The Commission, with members 
representative of the health professions and 
interested citizens, established task forces 
to study such problems as health manpower, 
hospitals, and other health care facilities, 
the organization and financing of com 
munity health services, and the development 
of comprehensive personal and environ 
mental health services. 

A number of community self-studies were 
undertaken, and a communication project 
was developed to facilitate the interchange 



special products 
for patient care 



A.R.D. 

Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile, highly 
absorbent, lint free. Supplied 
in boxes of 24. 




SCOPETTES 

Proctologic and gynecologic 

swabs with tips of pure, long fiber 

rayon. Free of troublesome lint 

and wisps. Uniform cushion-end 

safeguards tissues. Tips secured 

with non-toxic vegetable glue. 

8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. 



FULLER SHIELD 

Protective dressing holds other 
dressings in place and prevents 
staining of linens after pilonidal, 
proctologic or perineal surgery. 
Adjustable sizes 24-48. 
Individually packaged. 




For samples write to: 



WIN LEY- MORRIS 



MONTREAL 



2795 BATES ROAD 



CANADA 



Tiaceulical Company 



MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT* 

Mary Fletcher Unit 




Our patients come in all sizes. 

Only your career opportunities 

here are uniformly big. 



Personnel Office, Dept. 408 

Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont. 

Name 

Address 

Zip 



^Combining Mary Fletcher Hospital and DeGoesbriand Memorial Hospital 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



NEW FOR HOSPITALS 

the 
Autolope 

It responds 
to heat 
treatment. 







When the contents of the enve 
lope are completely sterilized by 
the Autoclave, the indicator ink 
changes colour. This unique Gage 
Autolope is security folded and 
pressure-sensitive gummed to 
prevent contamination. It was de 
veloped for Autoclaving with the 
help of medical, paper, printing, 
adhesive, and chemical experts. 
The Autolope is available now in 
an approved range of sizes. An 
other new envelope idea from . . . 



Envelope Division 

flMKMH 

GAGE 




The Company that 

enjoys the business it s in. 

Envelopes Stationery -Textbooks 

TORONTO MONTREAL VANCOUVER 
WINNIPEG KINGSTON BRANTFORD 

54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



books 



of ideas and to make possible creative re 
view and discussion of the reports of the 
various commissions. Fourteen statements 
of conviction were formulated, together 
with a series of recommendations that 
stem from them. These statements and 
recommendations are discussed in some 
detail, a chapter being given to each topic 
studied. 

A number of new concepts are explored. 
It is recommended that the boundaries of a 
community, for the purpose of the develop 
ment of health services, be established by 
the boundaries in which a problem can be 
defined, dealt with, and solved. The plan 
ning, organization, and delivery of com 
munity health services by both official and 
voluntary agencies should be based on the 
concept of a "community of solution." 

Emphasis is given to the need to co 
ordinate facilities and services to achieve 
effective utilization of resources and man 
power, and to achieve the goal of 
comprehensive personal and environmental 
health services for all. It is recommended 
that every individual have a personal 
physician who would be the central point 
for integration and continuity of all medical 
and medically-related services. All pertinent 
health information should be channeled 
through him regardless of what institution, 
agency, or individual renders the service. 
Separatist attitudes on the part of health 
services personnel should be given up in 
favor of collaboration. 

Mention is made in the report of a 
proposal from a group of women concern 
ing the organization of physicians services. 
This group expressed the opinion that the 
hospital, with its accessibility, availability 
of professional talent, and readiness to 
serve could become a substitute for the 
family doctor and could serve as the 
focus for all medical-care services. The 
modern urban family of the future may 
well look to the hospital as the center for 
medical services in the same way they 
look to the department store and shopping 
plaza for other services. 

The Commission recognized that the role 
of the nurse is changing and that nurses 
in the future will have more responsibility 
for coordinating services and for carrying 
out special procedures. However, they do 
not propose any new or imaginative solu 
tions for improving the education of nurses 
or overcoming the shortage of nursing 
service. 

No recommendations are made concern 
ing methods of "redesigning education so 
that individuals of all health disciplines 
train together as students." The traditional 
three-year training programs offered by 
hospital schools of nursing are supported 
and it is recommended that nursing educa 



tion programs in junior colleges and univer 
sities be expanded. 

The need for planning and policy- 
formulation is recognized and it is sug 
gested that the viewpoints and skills of 
planners from social work, public health, 
health and welfare councils, and hospital 
administration be brought together. Courses 
should be developed to train personnel to 
give leadership to health planning at the 
local, state, and national levels. 

This is a provocative and interesting 
book. It deals primarily with services that 
will be needed to achieve the goal of 
comprehensive personal and environmental 
health care for every citizen, rather than 
with the method by which this goal can be 
achieved. The book is well-organized; 
there are excellent cross-references and a 
complete index. The final chapter provides 
a summary of the positions and recom 
mendations. A brief history of the National 
Commission on Community Health Services 
is contained in an appendix that includes 
information concerning the method by 
which the data were gathered andt he report 
prepared. 



films 



For Senior Students 

Two films recently available in the Pzifer 
Company Film Library, 50 Place Cremazie, 
Montreal II, P.Q., would be useful in 
senior medical-surgical nursing lectures. 

Carcinoma of the Stomach, a 27-minute, 
color, sound film, emphasizes the impor 
tance of early diagnosis, gives the early 
signs and symptoms, and shows the spe 
cialized procedures used in clinical diagnosis. 
In animated cartoon drawings, the areas 
that can be removed surgically with today s 
modern procedures are described. 

Hiatus Hernia highlights the tests and 
procedures used by doctors in making a 
differential diagnosis of this condition. This 
film takes 26 1/2 minutes to run, and is 
available in color. 

An Extra-Curricular Film 

A film describing the special classes for 
children from deprived areas. Operation 
Headstart portrays the success of one anti- 
poverty program in the US. This excellent 
motion picture would be useful in extra 
curricular programs for nurses. It was made 
in 1965 and is a 16-minute, black and white 
presentation. 

Arrangements to borrow this film should 
be made from local sources as the Canadian 
outlet does not provide loan copies. 

Emotional Growth in Children 

Jamie The Story of Siblings, a 28- 

minute, black and white, sound film, dis 
cusses family relationships and their effect 

AUGUST 1967 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



Epistaxis as a 
nursing problem 

The handicapped child s 
need for approval 

Public health nurses 
form T-groups 



Photo credits 



Velio Muikma cover photo 
Photo Lamy, p. 8 
Graetz Bros., pp. 8, 27 
Novosti Press Agency, p. 1 1 
Ottawa Civic Hospital, p. 17 
Adri Covers, pp. 29, 30 
Julien LeBourdais, p. 45 

The Montreal Children s 
Hospital, pp. 33, 36, 38, 40, 41 

Public Archives of Canada, p. 49 
University of Guelph, pp. 50, 5 1 



on the emotional growth of young children. 
The film would be useful for stimulating 
group discussion on emotional needs of 
children. 

It was produced by the National Film 
Board of Canada and is available from 
NFB provincial offices or the Canadian 
Film Institute, 1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa. 
A rental fee will be charged. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material re 
ceived recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material, archive material, and 
theses, indicated by R, excepted) may be 
borrowed by CNA members, and by libra 
ries of hospitals and other institutions. Re 
quests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to : The Li 
brary, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Anatomic et physiologie par Denise 
Leger-Boucher. Ottawa, Renouveau Pedago- 
gique, 1966. 259p. 

2. Anatomic humaine, descriptive, topo- 
graphique et fonctionnelle par H. Rouviere. 
lO.ed revisee et augmentee par A. Delmas. 
Paris, Masson, 1967. 3v. 

3. Convention information manual. Mon 
treal, Canadian National Hotels, 1967. Iv 
(loose leaf) R. 

4. Feminine psychology by Karen Hor- 
ney. Edited and with an introduction by 
Harold Kelman. New York, Norton. c!967. 
269p. 

5. Fundamentals of patient care a com 
prehensive approach to nursing by Barbara 
Blackwood Kozier and Beverly Witter Du- 
Gas. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967, 386p. 

6. Health is a community affair. Cam 
bridge Mass., Harvard University Press, for 
National Commission on Community Health 
Services, 1966. 252p. 

7. Health services research by Donald 
Mainland. New York, Millbank Memorial 
Fund, 1965-1966. 270p. 

8. A lamp is heavy by Sheila MacKay 
Russell. Philadelphia, Lippincott. 1950. 
255p. 

9. Materia medico for nurses by John E. 
Groff. 2d ed. rev. and rewritten. Philadel 
phia, Blakiston s, 1903, c!902. 169p. R 

10. Medical terminology; a programmed 
text by Genevieve Love Smith and Phyllis 
E. Davis. 2d ed. New York, Wiley, 1967. 
289p. 

11. Mosby s comprehensive review of 
nursing. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
645 p. 

12. The new childbirth by Erna Wright. 
New York, Hart, c!966. 251 p. 



13. The nurses complete medical dic 
tionary, compiled by M. Theresa Bryan. 
Toronto, Macmillan, 1912. 196p. R 

14. Nursing: a practical treatise giving 
the fullest directions for the care of the 
sick in all the simple as well as the more 
serious ailments by S. Virginia Levis, Phila 
delphia, Penn Publishing Co., 1901. 214p. R 

15. Patient studies in medical-surgical 
nursing by Jane Secor. Philadelphia, Lip 
pincott, 1967. 401 p. 

16. Physiologie humaine; cellulaire et or- 
ganique par H. Laborit. Paris, Masson, 
1961. 585p. 

17. Resources for teaching: people, ideas, 
materials, and values. Report of a Confe 
rence, Oct. 14-15, 1966. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 58p. 

18. Resume de puericulture et de pedia- 
trie par Nicole Tremblay. Ottawa, Renou 
veau Pedagogique, 1966. 240p. 

19. Selected provisions from slate nurses 
associations employment standards, as of 
January 1966. New York, American Nurses 
Association, Research and Statistics Unit, 
1966. Iv. 

20. State approved schools of nursing 
L.P.N./L.V.N. meeting minimum require 
ments set by law and board rules in the 
various jurisdictions, 1967. New York, Na 
tional League for Nursing, Research and 
Studies Service, 1967. 72p. 

21. Teaching the new social studies in 
secondary schools an inductive approach by 




Principles 
and procedures 
of YOUR 
operating room 
responsibilities 



New 4th Edition! 
Alexander-Burley-Ellison-Valleri 

CARE OF THE PATIENT 
IN SURGERY 

Including Techniques 

A "classic" among nursing texts 

Completely revised and expanded 

New chapters on ophthalmic sur 
gery and surgery on the ear 

555 illustrations 



MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE 



The C. V. Mosby Company. Ltd. 

86 Northline Road 
Toronto 16, Ontario 

Please send me a copy of Alexander et al, 
CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY, 4th 
edition, priced at about $15.75 on 30-day 
approval. 

n Bill me O Payment enclosed. (Same 
return privilege.) 




_RN 



Address 
City 



-Zone 



Province^ 



AUGUST 1967 



CN867 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 



Edwin Fenton. New York, Holt, Rinehart 
and Winston, c!966. 526p. 

22. Therapy with oxygen and other gases. 
A programmed unit in fundamentals of 
nursing by Marie M. Seedor. New York. 
Teacher s College Press. Columbia Univer 
sity, 1966. 172p. 

PAMPHLETS 

23. New directions, new dimensions, new 
decisions for hospital nursing service. Panel 
presentation first meeting, Chicago, Oct. 31. 
1966. New York, National League for 
Nursing. Dept. of Hospital Nursing. Coun 
cil of Member Agencies. 1967. 24p. 

24. Planning for tomorrow s hospitals by 
Jack C. Haldeman. New York. Hospital 
Review and Planning Council of Southern 
New York. Inc., 1967? 7p. 

25. Planning the hospital library. New 
York, United Hospital Fund of New York. 
Committee on Hospital Library Architec 
ture. 1957. 12p. 

26. Professional Photographers of Cana 
da. Directory 1967. Toronto. 1967. 30p. 

27. Statement on behalf of the nursing 
staff employed by Sullivan County Public 
Health Nursing Service. Albany, N.Y.. New 



York State Nurses Associations. Oct. 1966. 
6p. 

28. Submission to the Special Committee 
on Drug Costs of the House of Commons. 
October 1966. Montreal, Smith Kline and 
French, 1966. 48p. 

29. Unionism in British Columbia. Van 
couver. B.C. Federation of Labour, 1967. 
16p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 
Canada 

30. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Office consolidation of the food and 
drugs act and of the food and drug regu 
lations. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1954-1967. 

ly. 

31. Dept of National Health and Wel 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Bibliogra 
phy relating to disaster nursing. Ottawa, 

1965. 30p. 

32. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Emergency Health Services. Disaster 
medical care, collected papers. Ottawa, 1965. 
131p. 

33. Dept. of the Secretary of State. Hand 
book of travel and exchange programmes. 
Ottawa, 1967. 151p. 

34. Ministere du travail. Rapport annuel 

1966. Ottawa. Imprimeur de la reine, 1966. 
131p. 

35. Ministere du Travail. Direction de 
1 Economique et des Recherches. Repertoire 



de termes et expressions utilises en rela 
tions industrielles et dans des domaines con- 
nexes. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la reine, 1967. 
206p. R 

United States 

36. Bureau of Naval Personnel Navy 
Training Course. Standard first aid course. 
Rev. Washington. U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1965. H2p. 

37. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare, Public Health Service. The public 
health service to-day. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1965. 4p. 

38. Public Health Service. Division of 
Nursing Resources. How to study super 
visor activities in a hospital nursing ser 
vice; a manual prepared by Elinor Stanford 
and other members the staff of the Division 
of Nursing Resources. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off.. 1957. 47p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA 
REPOSITORY COLLECTION 

39. The association between maternal and 
infant morbidity and mortality and the ex- 
lent of prenatal care by Catherine W. Keith. 
New York, 1966. Design of a study pre 
pared to meet requirement of course in 
Epidemiology at Columbia University, 
School of Public Health. 24p. R 

40. A comparison of the effects of two 
methods of nursing care assignments on pa- 




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burn, gas and stomach upsets. And 
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56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



accession list 



tient welfare by K. Marion Smith. Montreal 
1963. Thesis (M.Sc. Applied) McGill. 
39p. R 

41. Educational costs of nursing educa 
tion in relation to income from students in 
a selected Canadian hospital school of nur 
sing by Sister Therese Hache. Washington, 
1965 Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Catholic Univer 
sity. 68p. R 

42. Factors affecting job satisfaction as 
perceived by general staff nurses in selected 
hospitals in Ontario by Sister Patricia Marie 
McKeon. London, Ont., 1965. Thesis (M. 
Sc.N) Western Ontario. 174p. R 

43. The identification of concerns of pre- 
operalive patients as they are communicated 
to a nurse giving direct care by Alice Jean 
Baumgart. Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc. 
Applied) McGill, 97p. R 

44. L infirmiere et la resocialisation du 
malade mental par le travail. Travail de re 
cherche . . . comme complement au cours 
qui conduit au Baccalaureat es Sciences In- 
firmieres par Marthe Gagnon et al. Mont 
real 1967. Travail de Recherche presente a 
I lnstitut Marguerite d Youville. 77p. R 

45. Leadership behavior of clinical teach 
ers in diploma schools of nursing by Kath 
leen Grace DeMarsh. London, 1967. Thesis 



(M.Sc.N.) Western Ontario. 188p. R 

46. Report on the study of the pediatric 
nursing unit of St. Paul s Hospital by the 
School of Nursing St. Paul s Hospital with 
the help of Nursing Service. Saskatoon, 
Sask., 1964. Iv. (various paging) R 

47. Some implications of the introduction 
of two units of progressive patient care and 
a team nursing system in a general hos 
pital by Mary Elizabeth Molloy. London, 
1963. Thesis (M.Sc.N) Western Ontario. 
157p. R 

48. A study of current head nurse prac 
tice and a suggested programme of inser- 
vice education for effective unit administra 
tion by Juliana Carmen T. Mitra. London, 
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Western Ontario 
102p. R. 

49. A study of the opinions of field work 
in the final year of baccalaureate program 
in nursing as expressed by a selected group 
of graduates of one university by Charlotte 
Graham Crowe. Montreal, 1963. Thesis 
(M.Sc.Applied) McGill 57p. R 

50. A study of organizational influences 
on nurses perception of patient needs in 
different types of organizations by Dorothy 
Butler. Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap 
plied) McGill. 32p. R 

51. A study of the relationship between 
long stay patients and equilibrium in the pa 
tient social system by Mary Oliphant Ab 
bott. Montreal, 1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) 
McGill University, 86p. R 



52. A study to determine graduate nurse 
perception of limitations in general staff 
nurse preparation to perform a number of 
differentiated nursing activities by Sylvia 
Holmes. Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Ap 
plied) McGill. 75p. R 

53. A study to determine the opinions 
and activities of a group of senior students 
on night duty in relation to new procedures, 
interpersonal relationships, decision-making, 
and responsibility by Jean R. Godard. 
Montreal, 1963. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) - 
McGill. 59p. R 

54. A study to determine the opinions of 
directors of nursing education in English 
language hospital schools of nursing across 
Canada, on questions concerning nursing 
education based on selected recommenda 
tions included in the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation submission to the Royal Commis 
sion on Health Services, by M.A. Beswethe- 
rick, Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) 

- McGill, 98p. R 

55. A study to determine what a group of 
hospital staff nurses identify as post-hospital 
health problems for their patients by Hazel 
Lillian Salmon. Montreal, 1964. Thesis (M. 
Sc. Applied) McGill. Iv. various paging. 
R 

56. A study to examine the relationship 
between patterns of attendance al a psy 
chiatric after care clinic and patient 
welfare by Pearl E. Bierbrier. Montreal, 
1965. Thesis (M.Sc.Applied) McGill. 55p. R 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the issue of The 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 

Item Author Short title (for identification) 

No. 



Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 

Borrower Registration No. 

Position 

Address 

Date of request 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for ex 
pansion in immediate future. Residence accommoda 
tion available, MSI and Blue Cross in effect. Salary 
commensurate with experience. Apply to: Administra 
tor, Manning Municipal Hospital, Manning, Alberta. 

1-59-1 

Wanted Immediately Director of Nurses. Modem 
26-bed hospital close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. 
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per month commensurate 
with experience. Residence available at $40.00 per 
month. Apply: Administrator, Mayerthorpe General 
Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Alberta. 1-61-1 A 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for 52-bed General 
Hospital situated J25 miles east of Edmonton. Town 
situated next to Provincial Park. Suite available in 
residence. Salary open. Apply to: Administrator, 
Vermilion Municipal Hospital, Vermilion, Alberta. 

1-90-2 



Registered Nurses required for a 51 -bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 



Graduate Nurses for General Duty. Basic salary 
$380, annual increments. Policies as recommended 
by A ARM. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos 
pital, High Prairie, Alberta. 1-45-1 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to; 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



REGISTERED NURSES (3) required immediately for 
19-bed active treatment hospital with plans for 
expansion in immediate future. Two doctors. Res 
idence available. MSI and Blue Cross in effect. 
Salary $38Q-$450/mo. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Manning Municipal Hospital. Manning, Alberta. 

1-59-2 



Registered Nurses for 54-bed active treatment hospital 
in town of 4,000 population adjacent to army camp. 
Salary - - $380-$450 per month. Accommodation 
available, modern nurses residence. For further 
information write to: Director of Nursing, Wainw- 
right General Hospital, Wainwright, Alberta. 1-94-2 



NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital, 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re 
sponsibility in all departments of nursing, with the 
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 



General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved A ARM and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. 1-31-2A 



General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1 A 

General Duty Nurses for new 50-bed active General 
Hospital situated midway between Calgary and 
Edmonton on main highway. Salary range $380 to 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE I * required by the City of 
Calgary, Health Department. Salary range $4,505 - 
$5,455, 1966 rates, (presently under negotiation). 
Excellent benefits and working conditions, including 
1 month paid vacation. This progressive City located 
in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies offers year 
round recreation facilities. Applicants possessing a 
B of Sc. in Nursing or a Registered Nurse with a 
diploma in Public Health Nursing, are invited to 
submit a complete resume indicating date available 
and salary expected to Personnel Coordinator, City 
Hall, Calgary, Alberta. 1-14-12 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-61-1 

General Duty Nurses (2): modern 30-bed hospital, 25 
miles from Edmonton. Salary $380-$450 per month, 
commensurate with experience. Good personnel 
policies. Apply Director of Nursing, Stony Plain 
Municipal Hospital, Stony Plain, Alberta. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES required for 52-bed General 

Hospital. Salary $380-$450 past experience recog 
nized. Shift differential for afternoons and nights. 
Accommodation available in nurses residence. Ap 
ply to: Acting Director of Nursing, Vermilion Muni 
cipal, Hospital Vermilion, Alberta. 1-90-2A 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING (PSYCHIATRIC 
UNIT) HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE HOSPITAL, UNI 
VERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. To administer psy 
chiatric nursing services for the psychiatric unit of 
the Health Sciences Centre Hospital. This position 
has university affiliation and offers a unique op 
portunity to assist in the development of teaching, 
research and service programs in psychiatry and 
related professional fields. The psychiatric unit to 
be completed in 1968 will provide 60 in-patient beds 
and an out-patient department including day and 
night care facilities. It is an integral part of the 
410-bed hospital complex (to be completed in 
1972). QUALIFICATIONS: A master s degree in nurs 
ing with administrative experience, proven leader 
ship ability and competence in the nursing field. 
Further information concerning this position will be 
forwarded to interested persons on receipt of a 
letter of application. Forward confidential written 
application giving full details of education, ex 
perience and salary expected to: W.L. Clark, Per 
sonnel Office, University of British Columbia, Van 
couver 8, British Columbia. 2-73-22 



Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited 
for the above position. Qualifications required 
Registered Nurse with a post graduate course in 
O.K. Management or the equivalent in experience. 
RNABC personnel policies in effect. Apply in writing 
to Director of Nursing, Chilliwack General Hospital, 
Chilliwack, B.C. 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 



Registered Nurse with proven O.R. experience for 

2 time service in O.R., l /a time to establish in- 
service training programs, for small peripheral hos 
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. 1, Hope, British 
Columbia. 2-30-1A 



B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
ana Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31 -bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses residence available. 
Apply in writing to : Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 



General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson/ British Columbia. 2-23-1 

AUGUST 1967 




Someone Special 
The 2Vew York City 



The New York City Nurse is someone 
special . . . not only to Mayor John Lindsay but to 

8 million people. 

She can choose from 21 general and special 

hospitals when selecting her job no other city can 

make this offer. She can specialize, diversify, 

learn, and advance; and she can give high quality 

nursing care to those who need it most. 

And then there s New York City something 

special in itself. It s a great place to work and live. 

Come and see for yourself. Mayor Lindsay and 

8 million people couldn t be wrong. 

To be someone special, just send for our nursing 
brochure today, or call collect (211) 566-2990 



Professional Recruiting Unit 
Room 620, Dept. CN-10 
DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS 
125 Worth Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 
Please send me your brochure about nursing in 
New York City. 

NAME 
ADDRESS 

CITY STATE 

An Equal Opportunity Employer 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66-bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1 968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kcotenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 

General Duty Nurses for modern 85- bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi 
ence. Industry gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project, Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 



General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390, Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

Genera) Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63 -bed gen 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kafhlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour 
5 day week, Vacation with pay Comfortable, at 
tractive nurses residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 

General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 

Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 - $3 M per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 



General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurse* for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 



General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 

Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary.- $372-$444. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurse* tor 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, Bri 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 



GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
SquamisK, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
rel ief . I n active 1 64-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 

60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 l /2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co 
lumbia. 



Graduate Nurses for busy 21 -bed hospital, prefer 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply : Matron, Tofino General Hos 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 

2-71-1 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 



MANITOBA 

Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
in Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital. Fort Churchill, Manitoba, 

3-75-1 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience, 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 



Registered Nurse and Licensed Practical Nurse requir 
ed for 10-bed hospital, 65 miles from Winnipeg, 
in the Whiteshell resort area. Salary range R.N. 
$405-$480; L.P.N. $275-$310. Consideration given for 
past experience. Resident accommodation. For further 
information address enquiries to: Mrs. J. Everson, 
Matron, Whitemouth District Hospital, Whitemouth, 
Manitoba. 3-70-2 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses 

required for 21 -bed hospital at Rossburn, Manitoba, 
Salary: R.N. s-$395-$480, L.P.N/s-$275-$315. Good 
personnel policies. For further information contact 
(Mrs.) A. M. Stttt, D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs 
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-49-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 20-bed 
Hospital. Salary range $405 to $490 per month. Liv 
ing accommodations available. Generous Personnel 
Policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Reston Com 
munity Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 3-46-2 A 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Case Room Supervisor wanted for 1 1 1 -bed Mater 
nity Hospital. Apply: Director of Nursing, Grace 
Maternity Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-3 



REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-1 7-10 A 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



Registered and Graduate Nurset for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 



NOVA SCOTIA 



bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by:: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81-bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, rnin. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495, 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehort & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 



REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $4)5 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 A 



REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 -$485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 



Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-7 4-1 A 



REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 



Experienced Registered Nurse: 8-bed Company Hos 
pital and community health service at Norman 
Wells, Northwest Territories. Starting salary up to 
$450.00. Excellent accommodation and meals provid 
ed. Transportation to Norman Wells and return after 
twelve months service. For full particulars apply: 
Medical Director, Imperial Oil Limited, 111 St. Clair 
Avenue West, Toronto 7, Ontario. 



Registered Nurses for 1 8-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 

7-1 40-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurset and Registered Nursing Assistants 
for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 

AUGUST 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S 

SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

TORONTO 

requires 
TEACHERS 

For their 2 year programme 
which will commence in Septem 
ber 1967. 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration required. 

Salary commensurate with pre 
paration and experience. 

Apply immediately to: 
The Director 

ST. JOSEPH S SCHOOL OF NURSING 

50 Sunnyside Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Required for a 270-bed General 
Hospital with construction of a 
new hospital due for completion 
in 1967, increasing the bed ca 
pacity to 450. Included in the 
new hospital will be the most 
modern operating room complex 
based on the Friesen Concept of 
material and equipment supply. 
Excellent fringe benefits with 
generous sick leave, four weeks 
vacation and contributory pen 
sion plan. 

For further information write: 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 




NURSES: 

Are you looking for the ideal place 
to practice your profession? 

THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL 

may be your answer! 

The Cleveland Clinic Hospital offers excellent 
continuing education and orientation programs 
in the newest nursing specialties. Unusual 
fringe benefits include tuition-free university 
classes immediately, time-and-one-half for 
overtime. And low-cost apartment living is 
available adjacent to the Cleveland Clinic 
Hospital. 

STAFF NURSE POSITIONS: 
Medical-surgical; medical intensive care; 
surgical intensive care; operating room; 
psychiatry; pediatrics; cardiovascular; 
artificial organs. 

If you re interested in a team that s interested 
in you, clip and send this little coupon. And, if 
you d like to tell us more about yourself, you 
might enclose a note. In any case, we d love 
to hear from you. 



THE CLEVELAND CLINIC HOSPITAL 

2050 East 93rd Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 

D Please send information on nursing at The Cleveland Clinic Hospital 
D Please send an application form 



Name 

Address . 
City _ 



^State . 



_2ip Code _ 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 7-5-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $3pO. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital. Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario, 7-120-2A 



Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered General Duty Nurses required for 81-bed 
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-1 A 



REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 



Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7-127-4 A 



General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. " 7-45-1 



General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (1) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk,, 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meofora, Ontario. 7-79-1 

62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) For a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 



Operating Room Nurses, General Duty Nurses, and 
Registered Nursing Assistants required immediately 
for employment in on Accredited 100-bed Active 
Treatment Hospital in Picton, Ontario. Most attractive 
salary range and fringe benefits. Please apply stat 
ing age, and experience to the Director of Nursing, 
Prince Edward County Memorial Hospital, Picton, 
Ontario. 



Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 



Public Health Nurses General program, salary 
range $5,030 to $6,148 plus cost of living bonus, 
presently 3%. Starting salary related to experience. 
Generous car allowance, cumulative sick leave 
month vacation. Employer shared O.M.E.R.S. and 
Canada Pension Plan, medical and hospital insurance. 
Apply to: Dr. E.G. Brown, M.O.H., Kent County 
Health Unit, Chatham, Ontario. 7-24-4 



Public Health Nurses (qualified). Salary $5,100- 
$6,350. Car allowance, employer-shared OMERS 
Pension Plan, Hospital, Surgical and Medical Plans, 
Group Life Plan, sick leave credits, 4 weeks vaca 
tion and other benefits. Apply to: Mr. A.F. Stewart, 
Secretary-Treasurer, Wentworth County Health Unit, 
Court House, Hamilton, Ontario. 7-55-14 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for scenic urban and rural 
health unit, close to the Capital City in the Upper 
Ottawa Valley Tourist Area. Good summer and 
winter recreational facilities. Personnel policies pre 
sently under review. Direct enquiries to: Dr. R,V. 
Peters, Director, Renfrew County Health Unit, 169 
William Street, Pembroke, Ontario. 7-98-2 A 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-10J-4A 



Public Health Nurse (qualified), for generalized 
program. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated annually. Person 
nel policies on request. Apply in writing to Miss 
Beatrice Walley, Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, 
Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle Street S., 
Preston, Ontario. 



Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply. Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QHtS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply:: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Hun ting ton, Quebec. 9-29-1 



OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



Director of Nurses required for 18-bed hospital with 
a medical staff of two. Living in accommodation 
suite in modern residence. Sick leave, pension plan, 
personnel policies and other fringe benefits. Pro 
gressive town between Regina and Saskatoon 
with all transportation services. Salary open to 
negotiation. Enquiries should include experience, 
qualifications and salary expected and address to: 
The Administrator, Davidson Union Hospital, Box 
460 Davidson, Saskatchewan. 10-23-1 



MATRON and GRADUATE NURSES required for 8-bed 
hospital in Southern Sask. Salary range Matron 
$429 - $544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va 
cation plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. 
Personnel policies on request. Apply to; Mrs. D.L. 
Knops, Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock- 
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-1 10-1 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re- 
cruitement Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 



General Duty Nurses urgently needed for 41 -bed 
hospital at lie a la Crosse, northern Saskatchewan. 
Hospital attractively located on Lake Side and ser 
viced by highway. Salary as per recommended 
schedule plus generous northern allowance. Board 
and meals can be provided at the hospital at low 
rote. Applications to be sent to the Administrator, 
St. Joseph s Hospital, lie a la Crosse, Saskatche 
wan. 10-48-1 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

10-116-4A 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write : Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 



REGISTERED NURSES for sunny California. Excit 
ing expansion program requires nurses for all serv 
ices-Maternity, I.C.U., Specialized Surgery, etc. Excel 
lent orientation and in-service programs. Promotional 
opportunities for Head Nurses and Supervisors. Con 
genial atmosphere where progress begins with pa 
tient care. Salary $550 to $650 for Staff Nurses. 
Good shift differential and fringe benefits. "Come 
grow with us". Mr. Ken Clarke, R.N. Director of 
Nursing Services, Greater Bakersfield Memorial Hos 
pital, P.O. Box 1888, Bakersfield, California 93303. 
Write or call 805 327-1792. 15-5-5A 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Vol 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



AUGUST 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing will complete 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding hospital with its extended services in 
Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Operating Room, 
Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

Scarborough General Hospital 

Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Required for Sanatorium, presently developing into 
a Three point program of patient care; 

1. TUBERCULOSIS 

2. CHRONIC CONVALESCENT 

3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 

This will be a challenging opportunity for someone 
with Administrative experience. Salary to be ne 
gotiated, full benefit program in effect. 

Apply to: 

Dr. Bruce H. Hopkins 
Medical Director 

ONGWANADA SANATORIUM 

790 Princess Street 
Kingston, Ontario 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-J4-3C 

Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-1 1 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 1 1-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



Registered Nurses: For ICAH General Accredited 
409-bed hospital in the heart of exciting New York 
City. Liberal benefits include four week vacation 
after one year; $2000. Life insurance; Blue Cross 
and Blue Shield; etc. Salary commensurate with 
experience. Excellent opportunities for advancement. 
Apply to: Personnel Director, St. Clare s Hospital 
415 W. 51st Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 15-33-11 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery. Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105, 15-48-2D 




NIGHT NURSE? 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $30.00 to $33.00 per shift ($7,830 to $8,613 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,396.00 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis on 
art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. George A. Higgins, A6001, University Hospital, 

University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan for 

more information, or phone collect (313) 764-3175. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



THE MONCTON 
HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

requires a 

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PAEDIATRIC NURSING INSTRUCTOR 
PHYSICAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR 
OPERATING ROOM CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

Salary commensurate with qual 
ifications and experience with 
all fringe benefits. 

Apply in writing, giving full 
particulars to: 

Director of Nursing 

THE MONCTON HOSPITAL 

Moncton, New Brunswick 



DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

The Belleville General Hospital 
requires a Director of Nursing 
Service to be responsible for the 
administration of all nursing ser 
vice activities. 

The hospital presently has a ca 
pacity of 300 beds and will in 
crease to a total of 450 beds in 
about one year, upon completion 
of a construction programme. 
The design incorporates a central 
Supply Process Dispatch system. 
Applicants should have a degree 
in nursing service administration 
as well as considerable expe 
rience in a similar position. 

Applications and enquiries 
should be addressed to: 

Philip Rickard, Secretary 

Edith Cavell Regional 

School of Nursing 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario. 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



i- 




This is a little Eskimo boy 

Sometime during the next year, 
he might fall and hurt himself - 
or get measles or pneumonia. 

He will need the care of a nurse. 



A good nurse. 



Maybe you? 



Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 

for further information write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Modern 1,000-bed hospital 
Requires 

Registered Nurses for 
all services 

and 

Registered 
Nursing Assistants 

40 hour week - - Pension plan 
Good salaries and Personnel 
Policies. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London, Ont. 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty - - 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 

Pension Plan and Group Life 

Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIUE, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

For all Departments and a new Psychi 
atric wing. 

Subsidized employee benefits and good 
personnel policies in effect. 

Modern, furnished apartments available. 

For information and application, 
please write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 
Cooksville, Ontario 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Medical, Surgical and 
Intensive Core Units at 

VICTORIA VETERAN S HOSPITAL 
Victoria, B.C. 

and 

SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL 
Vancouver, B.C. 

Excellent working conditions and benefits. 
Starting salaries $4,500 and $4,650 a 
year, rising to $5,300 a year. 

Apply immediately to: 

Personnel Officer 

VICTORIA VETERAN S HOSPITAL 

Victoria, B.C. 

OR 

Personnel Officer 

SHAUGHNESSY HOSPITAL 

Vancouver 9, B.C. 



CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

Requires 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for new 80-bed hospital in west-end 
Montreal. 

Openings in: Obstetrics 

Gynaecology 
General Surgery 

Planned orientation and active Inservice 
program. Salaries in accordance with 
QHIS. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

CATHERINE BOOTH HOSPITAL 

4375 Montclair Ave., 

Montreal 28, Que. 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. I5-5-3G 



REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94)15. An equal opportunity 
employer. 1 5-5-4C 



REGISTERED NURSES: 250-bed General Hospital, ex 
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance, 
Retirement Program all hospital paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacation be nefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur 
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5-4A 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES NEEDED: for 104-bed General 
Hospital. California registered nurses for P. M. and 
night. Starting salary $560 up per month. Duplex on 
hospital ground at low rent. Liberal Personnel 
policies. Tulare Mid-way between Los Angeles 
and San Francisco. Contact: Administrator, Tulare 
District Hospital, Tulare, California. 15-5-44 A 



REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 Mz hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 



Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3B 



Staff Nurses needed for care of orthopedically han 
dicapped children. Modern building and equipment. 
Salary $550 per month plus attractive fringe bene 
fits. Living quarters available. Write : Eleanor 
Baird Shriners Hospital, 3160 Geneva Street, Los 
Angeles, California. 15-5-3-0 



NURSES ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. New Accredited 
99-bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month. Plus 
Differential, Liberal Benefits -- Contact Director 
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035 
Coliseum St., Los Angeles, California 90016 J5-5-3M 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



Professional Nurses for immediate openings in 
274-bed general hospital. Liberal fringe benefits. 
Enjoy interesting, challenging position in the ideal 
climate of Santa Monica Bay. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Santa Monica Hospital, 1250, Sixteenth 
Street, Santa Monica, California. 15-5-40 



REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 



Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 



GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

1 15-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 



TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 

newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $602-$628 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2 A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest s largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, II 11 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 



MISCELLANEOUS 



EXPO: For rent, a room in private home of profes 
sional people in nice suburb of Montreal. One per 
son $7.00, two persons $10 per night. 4419 King- 
stonroad, Pierrefonds, Montreal. Tel.: area 514 - 
626-2894. 9-86-8 



Accommodation for EXPO 67: 3 rooms double and 
modern $12 each room per day, also a trailer that 
could accommodate 4 adults and 2 children $12 per 
day. Breakfast and transportation to the expo site 
if desired. "Accepted by Lodge Expo". For reserva 
tion write to: Denise Langlois, 38 Sterling Street, 
LaSalle, P.O. 9-47-68 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



, 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

* Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

* Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.K., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



to: BENEFITS 

"A" Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

* Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

^ Liberal personnel policies 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

Will require 

TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director, School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 

CHILD 
HEALTH CENTRE 

St. John s, Newfoundland 
Invites applications from 

GRADUATE NURSES 

Interested in the nursing of sick 
children. Wouldn t you like to 
come to the Province of New 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interested and 
enthusiastic. A salary increase 
has just been granted and an 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 

Further details can be obtained 
from: 

The Director of Nursing 

THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 

P.O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



DEPARTMENT OF 
PUBLIC HEALTH 

PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA 

offers 

BURSARIES FOR NURSES 

Graduate nurses who are eligible for University en 
trance and have an interest in a career in Public 
Health Nursing are invited to apply. 

Bursaries will cover educational costs and provide 
living allowance. 

Applications for bursaries and further information 
may be obtained by contacting: 

Director of Public Health Nursing 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 

P.O. Box 448 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 

A-5614 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



ONCE A NURSE... 
ALWAYS A NURSE! 

Whether you re a practicing R.N. or just taking time 
out to raise a family, you can serve your community 
by teaching lay persons the simple nursing skills 
needed to care for a sick member of the family at 
home. 

Red Cross Branches need VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTORS 

to teach Red Cross Care in the Home courses. 

VOLUNTEER NOW AS A RED CROSS INSTRUCTOR 
IN YOUR COMMUNITY 



For further information, contact: 
National Director, Nursing Services, 

THE CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 

95 Wellesley Street East, 
Toronto 5, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois is a 
new 587-bed General Hospital, located in a pleasant 
suburb of Chicago. 

The hospital is modern with a wide range of services 
to patients, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Unit. Low- 
cost modern housing next to the hospital is available. 
The hospital is completely air-conditioned. 

Annual beginning salary is from $6,000 plus shift 
differential pay. Regular salary increments at six 
months of service and yearly thereafter. Sick leave 
and other fringe benefits are also available. 

Write or call collect: 
Director of Nursing Services 

LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 60068 

Telephone: 692-2210 Ext. 211 
Area Code: 312 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Add ress- 



City. 



. State . 



.Zip Code. 





HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex- 
cellenf summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF HURS1NG 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



THE PLACE TO BE IN 
CENTENNIAL YEAR! 



OTTAWA CIVIC HOSPITAL 
Ottawa, Ontario 

Enjoy life in green and pleasant Ottawa. Daily 
train ard bus service to Expo 67! Challenging 
work in a modern teaching Hospital of 1087 
beds, where administration is progressive and 
staff participation encouraged. In-Service Educa 
tion program well established. Excellent salaries, 
personnel policies and fringe benefits to: 

REGISTERED NURSES 

for all services including Operating Room and 
Psychiatry. 



Apply in writing to: 
Miss B. JEAN MILLIGAN, Reg.N., M.A. 

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 




Invites Applications For: 

TEAM LEADERS 
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A. 

This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Fall of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in patient care and embraces the most modern concepts of team 
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967 
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
with experience and ability. 

For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 

SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 

Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 












GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

required for 

RECINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 

STARTING SALARY $401 

Recognition Given For Experience 

Progressive Personnel Policies 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Regina, Saskatchewan 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 

AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 



SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL 

SHERBROOKE, Que. 

has vacancies for 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

150-bed active General Hospital, fully accredited 
situated in the picturesque Eastern Townships, ap 
proximately 80 miles from Montreal via new auto- 
route. Friendly community, close to U.S. border. Good 
recreational facilities. Excellent personnel policies, 
salary comparable with Montreal Hospitals. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

SHERBROOKE HOSPITAL 

Sherbrooke, Que. 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 



Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




One of the nation s formost teaching hospitals invites you to work and learn on the San 
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and 
recreational environments in the U.S.A. 



For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 



STATE: 



Return to: p AL Q ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for oil staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



ASSOCIATE 
DIRECTOR 

OF 

NURSING EDUCATION 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in an ultra-mod 
ern school of nursing located in 
South Western Ontario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 stu 
dents. Two-Plus-One program 
commencing Sept. 1 968. Mini 
mum requirement - B.Sc.N. with 
several years experience. 

Apply to: 
BOX "B" 

CANADIAN NURSE JOURNAL 

50 The Driveway 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

School of Nursing 

Applications are invited for the 
TEACHING STAFF 

Opportunity to participate in 
Curriculum Development. Chan 
ges anticipated for 1968 in Basic 
Nursing Program and Affiliate 
Program. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education. 
Salaries are according to educa 
tion and experience. 

For further information, 
write to: 

The Associate Director of 
Nursing Education 

THE HOSPITAL FOR 
SICK CHILDREN 

Toronto 2, Ontario 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 
hospital. 

Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 

HEAD NURSE 
GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

wanted for a 6-bed monitored medical- 
surgical unit. 



For further information apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kelowna, British Columbia 



THE ORILLIA SOLDIERS 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Invites 

YOU 

to apply for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

The School of Nursing is in the process of: 

1) Building a new self-contained educational 

building. 

2} Commencing a two + one year pro 
gramme by September 1 968. 
) Increasing total student enrollment to 120. 
Minimum Requirement; Bachelor s Degree. 
Preference will be given to applicant 
with Master s Degree. 
Salary: To be negotiated, but commensurate 

with qualifications and experience. 

Orillia: is a town of 20,000, situated on two 

lakes one hour s drive from Toronto. 

For further details apply to: 

Miss B M. Jones, Reg.N. 

Director of Nursing 

ORILLIA SOLDIERS MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Orillia, Ontario, Canada 



A progressive 270-bed acute General 
Hospital situated in the INTERIOR OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA. 

Invites applications from 

GRADUATE NURSES 

(B.C. REGISTRATION) 

In addition to a new building, renovations 
now almost completed have increased our 
patient facilities. 



Please state preference of working area 
when applying to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B.C. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Director of Nursing for a 164-bed mo 
dern, accredited, acute care hospital in 
scenic British Columbia. A 24-bed psy 
chiatric wing and a 50-bed extended care 
unit are in the final stages of planning. 
Accommodation available in staff res 
idence. Nursing administrative education 
and experience desirable. Salary com 
mensurate with qualifications. 



Apply stating qualifications and 
expected salary to: 

Mr. D. C. Steveson 

Administrator 

TRAIL-TADANAC HOSPITAL 
Trail, British Columbia 



ARE YOU INTERESTED IN PATIENT CARE? 
JOIN OUR STAFF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
TEXAS HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A Planned Orientation Program 

A Continuous Education Program 

Liberal Personnel Policies 

Staff Nurse Salaries 

$482-$620 Based upon a background of 
experience and education. $539-$680 in Sep 
tember. $60 differential for nights or rota- 
lion of two shifts. $90 differential for 
evenings or rotation of three shifts. 

Write to: 

Patricia M. Boswarth, R.N., M.A. 

Administrator-Coordinator of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HOSPITALS 

Galveston, Texas 77550 

We are an equal opportunity employer 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



SOUTH WATERLOO 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

GAIT, ONTARIO 

Additional Teaching Faculty required to 
assist in formulating a two-year pro 
gramme, one-year internship. 

Positions in Teaching available imme 
diately, Medical Surgical, Paediatrics, 
Social Sciences. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information, 
Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For modern 80-bed General Hospital ex 
panding to 150 beds, located in an 
attractive, dynamic, sports-oriented com 
munity 50 miles south of Montreal. 
Salaries and fringe benefits comparable 
to Montreal. Complete maintenance avail 
able at a minimal rate. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Que. 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 





OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 




THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

is Recruiting General Duty Nurses for all Services 

SEND APPLICATIONS DIRECTLY TO 

THE PERSONNEL DIRECTOR, 

WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG 3, MANITOBA 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 



HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 



apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



GRADUATE NURSES AND 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Eligible for Registration 
in the Province of Ontario 

We have openings for you in Medical, 
Surgical, Obstetrical, Paediatric and Chro 
nic Units. 
Salary Registered Nurses $400-$480 

with 5 annual increments. 
Salary Registered Nursing Assistant 
$2554275 with 2 annual in 
crements. 
Excellent personnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
ORILLIA SOLDIERS MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 

Orillia, Ontario 

Canada 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 

Ottered by 

The Department of Veterans Affairs, West 
minster Hospital, LONDON, Ontario. Open 
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim 
ited. Four months duration commencing 
15 January 1968. Room and meals at 
nominal rates. 

For further information 
please write: 

Director of Nursing 

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SARNIA, ONTARIO 

I mites applications for the 
positions of: 



IN-SERVICE DIRECTOR 

EVENING SUPERVISOR 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

328-bed hospital, excellent personnel po 
licies. 

For further information apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

Sarnia, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(Service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701 A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

Sl NNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

THE OTTAWA REGIONAL SCHOOL OF 
NURSING 

has an opening for a Director. 

REQUIREMENTS: Master s Degree prefer 
red and a good working knowledge of 
English and French. 

CHALLENGE: A unique opportunity to par 
ticipate in the plans for the building 
of the school and in the development 
of the programme for bilingual stu 
dents. 

APPOINTMENT: To be made as soon as 
possible. 

APPLICATIONS: Interested applicants are 
invited to correspond with: 

The Chairman of the Board 

of Directors, 

Mr. LAVAL FORTIER, 

269 Sfewart Street, 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For General Duty 
with opportunity for advancement and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

required for 115-bed chest hospital situat 
ed in Laurenti an Mountains 55 miles north 
of Montreal. 

For further particulars and salary scales 
write: 

Director of Nursing, 

P.O. BOX 1000 
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.O. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



GRADUATE NURSES 

required 

For this modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel 
lent personnel policies and working con 
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when registered in Ontario. Start 
ing salary will depend on experience. 
Private rooms available in residence $20. 
per month. 



Please apply to: 

Miss L. M. R. Lambe 

Director of Nursing 

WELLAND COUNTY 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Wetland, Ontario 



ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 
O. R. TECHNICIANS 

Modern 395 bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital opened in 1954, with School of 
Nursing. Excellent personnel policies. 
O. H. A. Pension Plan. Pleasant progres 
sive industrial city of 22,500. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing, 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address oil enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

OFFERS 

1. Stimulating Environment 

2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 

3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495. 

4. Residence available. 

Registered Nurses invited to apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

Chapleau, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for various departments in a 
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha Lakes area. 

Toronto Council salaries in effect. 



Please apply to: 

Personnel Director 

ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Lindsay, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 



For 61 -bed General Hospital 



Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 

Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



OBSTETRICAL SUPERVISOR 

and 

HEAD NURSE IN 
DELIVERY ROOM 

Experience in teaching preferred. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

SUDBURY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Regent Street, S. 

Sudbury, Ontario 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 




The tripes 
onus! 



Pack up your uniform and 
make a change for the best . . . 
to Presbyterian Hospital Center. 
There are unlimited opportunities 
for you as a professional nurse 
in this modern, progressive, 500 
bed hospital. You could include 
in the liberal fringe benefits our 
glorious climate and friendly 
Southwestern people. Send in the 
coupon below and find out how 
you can make this exciting trip, 
ON US! 




PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL CENTER 
ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87106 



Starting salary to $555 a month 
"500-bed hospital 
"Personal orientation program 
-Liberal fringe benefits 
Continuing educational programs 
"Airline travel paid 
Career advancement opportunities 
"Two universities 
Twenty minutes from nearby 
mountains 



EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
Mail coupon or call collect (505-243-941 1. Ext. 219) 



Mrs. Susan Dicke, Director of Nurse Recruitment 
Presbyterian Hospital Center, Department B-l 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 
Please mail me more information about nursing 
at Presbyterian Hospital Center and tell me how 
I may make a change for the best. 



Name 



Address- 
City 



Stale. 



School of Nursing_ 
Year of Graduation . 

AUGUST 1967 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
SERVICE 

FOR 

MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 

WINNIPEG, Manitoba 

Fully accredited 160-bed rehabi 
litation hospital and 64-bed res 
piratory disease wing. This is a 
five year old modern facility 
with a very active program in all 
departments. Salary commensur 
ate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

For further information 
write to: 

Executive Director 

MANITOBA REHABILITATION 
HOSPITAL 

800 Sherbrook Street 
Winnipeg 2, Manitoba 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 




Invites applications from Public 
Health Nurses who have at least 
2 years experience in general 
ized public health nursing, pre 
ferably in Ontario. 

INTERESTING AND VARIED 

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 

IN AN EXPANDING PROGRAM 

INCLUDE: 

an opportunity to work direct 
ly with children, their parents, 
health and welfare agencies, 
and professional groups 

participation in arranging 
diagnostic and consultant cli 
nics 

assessing the needs of the 
individually handicapped child 
in relation to services provided 
by Easter Seal Clubs and the 
Society. 

Attractive salary schedule with 
excellent benefits. Car provided. 
Pre-service preparation with sa 
lary. 



Apply in writing to: 

Director, Nursing Service, 
350 Rumsey Road, 
Toronto 17, Ontario 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

ALL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
If is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



For further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



A REGISTERED NURSE 

BILINGUAL 

Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern 80-bed hospital expanding to 
ISO beds. Located in the Eastern Town 
ships, an attractive, dynamic community 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance with Quebec Hospital In 
surance Service. 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affilliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 

ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing Education 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



AFF NURSES Here is the opportunity fo further 
jvelop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
>licies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
ur nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
ilfural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
)using adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
i nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
f position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nurs- 
jg. Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 
niversity Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-IG 



sgistered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play- 
round, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
rtnts) for 295- bed teaching unit on campus of 
niversity of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
f $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings, 
iberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
save, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
jnd, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Core or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 



GRADUATE NURSES Wouldn t you like to work 
at a modern 532-bed acute General Teaching Hos 
pital where you would have: (a) unlimited oppor 
tunities for professional growth and advancement, 
b) tuition paid for advanced study, (c) starting 
salary of $429 per month (to those with pending 
registration as well), (d) progressive personnel poli 
cies, (e) a choice of areas? For further information, 
write or call collect: Miss Louise Harrison, Director 
of Nursing Service, Mount Sinai Hospital, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Phone SWeetbriar 
5-6000. 1 5-36-1 D 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) *Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.Q. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



PROVINCE OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

requires 

INSTRUCTOR 

Aide Orientation and Training Program 

for 

Div. of Nursing Education, Mental Health 
Services, ESSONDALE, B.C. 

SALARY: $456 rising to $559 per month, 
plus $25 per month for certificate or 
University degree or $10 per month for 
clinical program; plus $30 per month 
for two years teaching experience in a 
psychiatric nurse program. 
DUTIES: Instructing psychiatric aides, cur 
riculum planning; ward teaching and de 
monstration, examining new trends. 
Applicants must be Canadian citizens or 
British subjects with membership or el 
igibility for membership as Registered 
Nurse in B.C., preferably with post-basic 
preparation in teaching, supervision and 
psychiatric nursing and suitable experi 
ence in general or psychiatric nursing. 

Obtain application forms from 
The Personnel Officer, B.C. Civil 
Service, Valleyview Lodges, ES 
SONDALE, B.C. 

COMPETITION NO. 67:372 



AUGUST 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 




TORONTO GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 
1820-1967 

UNIVERSITY TEACHING 

AND RESEARCH CENTRE 

(1,300 Beds) 

PROFESSIONAL GROWTH 

Planned Programmes in 

Orientation 

Staff Education 

Staff Development 

PERSONNEL POLICIES 

Salaries: 

Commensurate with Qualifications, Experience 

3 weeks vacation 

8 statutory holidays 

Cumulative Sick Leave 

Pension Plan 

- Hospitalization and medical insurance plan. 

Uniforms Laundered Free 

OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

General Staff Nurses 
Registered Nursing Assistants 

in 
Clinical Services: 

- Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology 
Specialty Units: 

- Cardiovascular, Clinical Investigation, Coro 
nary, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Operating 
Room, Recovery Room, Renal dialysis, Res 
piratory 

Administrative and Teaching Positions: 

Consideration given to applicants with Uni 
versity preparation and/or experience. 

Applicants requests for any of the above positions 
will be given careful consideration. 

For additional information write: 

Miss M. Jean Dodds, 
Director of Nursing, 

TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL 

101 College Street 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

August 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 1 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd 22 

Boehringer Ingleheim Products 5 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 15 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 10 

Clinic Shoemakers 2 

W. J. Gage Limited 54 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 9 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 56 

J. B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited .. 6 

C. V. Mosby Co 55 

Parke, Davis & Company Ltd 24 

J. T. Posey Company 20 

Reeves Company 19 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd 14 

Smith & Nephew Limited Cover II 

Uniforms Registered Cover III 

United Surgical Corp 13 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd 53, 56 

Winthrop Laboratories Cover IV 



Advertising 

Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 

The Canadian Nurse 

50 The Driveway, 

Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



AUGUST 1967 



September 1967 



UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
OTTAWA, ONT. 

I2-67-Q-L-I04-D 



The 



Canadian 
Nurse 





a Chinese hospital 
- in Montreal 

infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians 

a child s response 
ic lack of mothering 



o 



















Sounders Books 

to enrich and expand your knowledge of nursing . . . 



The Nursing Clinics 
of North America 

The Nursing Clinics fill an urgent need by pro 
viding a single continuing source of information 
on the latest nursing concepts and techniques. 
This month s issue contains an important sympo 
sium on Nursing Care in Orthopedic, Plastic, and 
Thoracic Surgery. You ll find 20 full-length ar 
ticles, ranging from "Organization and Admin 
istration of the Orthopedic Nursing Unit" to "The 
Insertion of Cardiac Implants and the Nursing 
Care Problems Involved." Such coverage is typical 
of the practical, authoritative, up-to-date informa 
tion provided in every issue of the Nursing Clinics. 
Each issue (4 per year) contains about 175 pages 
with no advertising, bound between hard covers for 
permanent reference use. 

By annual subscription only 
(4 issues). $13.00. 



Frederick & Kinn - - New (3rd) Edition 

The Office Assistant 

in Medical Practice 

By Portia M. Frederick, West Valley Junior College, Calif.; 
and Mary E. Kinn, C.P.S., American Association of Medical 
Assistants. 

Completely revised and expanded, this popular 
manual recognizes the increasing professional re 
sponsibilities of the medical assistant. It provides 
the office nurse with specific help in every phase 
of her job. She will find here explicit instructions 
ranging from how to operate an efficient filing 
system through how to give an hypodermic injec 
tion; from how to write collection letters through 
how to assist in minor surgery. New chapters 
cover medical ethics, health insurance plans, mail 
and telephone techniques, medical emergencies. 

467 pp. ///us. About $8.95. 
New (3rd) Edition Just Ready. 



Stryker - Back to Nursing 

By Ruth Perin Stryker, R.N., B.S., American Rehabilitation 
Foundation. 

Changes in everything from hypodermic need 
les to unit administration have come to nursing 
with bewildering speed. This book offers practical 
help to the nurse returning to practice after a 
long absence, or switching to a new and familiar 
field. It explains how sociologic, economic, and 
technical advances have changed nursing in re 
cent years. New equipment, new diagnostic tests, 
new postoperative procedures, new drugs, and new 
rehabilitation measures all are thoroughly dis 
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responsibilities of the RN in supervising the nurs 
ing team, and to the changes in the nurse-patient 
relationship. This text is ideal for refresher cour 
ses, inservice training, or individual study. 

3/2 pp. ///us. $6.25. July, 1966. 



Fomon Infant Nutrition 

By Samuel J. Fomon, M.D., University of Iowa Medical 
School. 

Here is an up-to-the-minute source of information 
about the feeding of sick and well infants. Dr. 
Fomon discusses each of the basic nutrients es 
sential to infant growth and development, and 
clearly outlines requirements, recommended diet 
ary allowances, and individual intakes. You ll find 
a critical assessment of the differences between 
milk, milk-based, and milk-free formulas a 
working definition of "failure to thrive" re 
commendations about prenatal administration of 
fluorides an evaluation of commercially pre 
pared iron-fortified foods, etc. Immediately prac 
tical charts offer such helpful information as the 
amounts of nutrients in well-known commercial 
baby foods and rates of weight gain of normal 
infants. 

299 pp. ///us. $11.40. June, 1967. 



W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY 

Philadelphia and London 



Order your copies from: 

McAINSH Cr CO., LTD. 

1835 Yonge St., Toronto 7 



When soap and seasons 
conspire against skin... 



Over-frequent bathing can cause once-supple 
skin to become dry, chapped, flaky or itchy. 
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senile pruritis, pruritis hiemalis, asteatosis, 
ichthyosis, windburn, sunburn and chapped skin. 
Sold only through pharmacies. MEMB6n 
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Now distributed in Canada by 



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Cream, oxycholesterin, glycerin, cetyl alcohol, 
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SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



(M, Uou*ig_w0ma4 t ut Wrufo 




SOME STYLES ALSO AVAILABLE IN COLORS . . . SOME STYLES 3 / 2 -12 AAAA-E, 16.95 to 21.95 
For a complimentary pair of white shoelaces, folder showing all the smart Clinic styles, and list of stores selling them, write: 

THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS Dept.CN-9, 1221 Locust St. St. Louis, Mo. 631O3 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 9 



September 1967 



29 Prenatal care and infant mortality among 

Canadian Indians G. Graham-Gumming 

32 Idea Exchange 

34 A need for approval J. Gozali and H. Moogk 

37 Epistaxis 

40 It s total patient care at Expo 67 clinics 

43 John a victim of maternal deprivation N. I. McDiarmid 

46 Public health nurses form first 

chapter T-Groups M. Koch Smith and M. Watson Carr 

47 Montreal Chinese Hospital 

The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

20 Names 

25 New Products 

50 Research Abstracts 

52 Films 

80 Official Directory 



7 News 

23 Dates 

27 In a Capsule 

51 Books 

53 Accession List 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 

Editor. Virginia A. Lindabury Assistant 
Editor: Glennls N. Zllm . Editorial Assistant: 
Carla D. Penn Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, S4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario. 



SEPTEMBER 1%7 



At the AARN annual meeting 
last May, a guest speaker who 
happened to be a physician upse 
the audience when he asserted that 
the nurse s role was that of 
handmaiden to the doctor. Despite 
the storm of protest that followed 
his remark, the physician in 
question, Dr. C. J. Varvis, remained 
adamant and unconvinced of any 
error in his thinking. However, h 
must have learned at least one 
thing about nurses: nurses may not 
know exactly what nursing is 
(witness the profession s never- 
ending attempts to define the word; 
but they certainly know what it is 
not. 

A month or so after this "hand 
maiden" incident had been reported 
by newspapers across the country, 
The Canadian Medical Association 
Journal published a letter written 
by Albert Wedgery, president of the 
Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario. Mr. Wedgery expressed 
"consternation and dismay" in a we 
worded rebuttal to Dr. Varvis 
statements. He pointed out that 
optimum patient care is achieved 
only when doctor and nurse work 
together in a team relationship. H 
suggested, too, that this master-slavi 
attitude toward nursing may be 
partly responsible for the profession 
recent loss of prestige as a career 
choice for young persons. 

But our story does not end here. 
In a neatly-worded parable, "The 
Prince and the Handmaiden," (Jul 
1, 1967) the editors of CMAJ join 
the debate. The gist of the parable 
is that the nursing profession has 
come of age and should be treated 
accordingly. 

This is the first time that orgar 
ized medicine in Canada has 
spoken out in support of this 
equal-partner status. We hope that 
it will not be the last. Moreover, we 
like the way the doctors took their 
misinformed colleague to task: 
"Handmaidens yet! Where has this 
doctor been hiding these past 15 
years? Obviously not in very clos 
contact with nurses." Editor. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters { 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Students have their chance 

Dear Editor, 

As a student, I wrote to THE CANADIAN 
NURSE suggesting a system of student eval 
uation of instructors. The letter was printed 
under "Random Comments" (May, 1965). 
Then, as a beginning instructor, I decided 
to put my ideas into practice. My fellow 
instructors in psychiatric nursing agreed, 
and a plan we believe to be unique was 
established. 

We decided that we should be evaluated 
on both the classroom and clinical parts of 
our teaching. The forms we issued guided 
students toward comments on such topics as 
sensitivity, ability to communicate, and 
availability. They were distributed on the 
first day of their rotation, and returned on 
the last. With the first few groups we spent 
some time discussing these evaluations and 
eliciting student opinions, which ranged 
from enthusiasm to complete rejection. 

Rarely did we find indifference to the 
idea! 

One problem encountered was the ques 
tion of signing evaluation forms. Many 
students feared retaliation for negative 
comments, and thought they could not be 
as honest if required to sign. We pointed 
out that since students evaluations precede 
instructors , this would not happen, but fin 
ally left the decision to the individual. We 
wanted honest, objective evaluations, and if 
demanding a signature would negate this, 
our project would be useless. 

With a new group of students rotating 
every four weeks, our first set of evalua 
tions was received in 12 weeks, and each 
four weeks after that. There was some hes 
itation in returning forms, but by mem- 
tioning that examination marks would be 
withheld until all forms were returned, in 
cluding the course and graduate forms that 
we instituted at the same time, this prob 
lem was solved. 

We were pleased with the results. Most 
students put time and effort into the eval 
uations, although some were too brief or 
general in their comments. The frequent 
remark that we were not available on the 
ward often enough pointed out the need for 
reorganization of time, and the need for a 
lower student-instructor ratio. Occasionally 
criticism was received on a point to which 
we previously had been oblivious, and thus 
helped to bring about a change in our be 
havior. By personally thanking a student 
(if known) for especially helpful criticism, 
a bond of solidarity was established, and 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



students soon realized that we were recep 
tive to constructive criticism, as we ex 
pected them to be in our evaluation of 
them. Compliments gave sorely needed en 
couragement. 

The greatest benefit was derived from 
these evaluations in the first eight months. 
They then began to be repetitious, and we 
decided that only every third group of stu 
dents need fill out forms to keep us on our 
toes. 

We believe that instructors in schools of 
nursing today are missing a valuable source 
of evaluation: their students. We urge those 
involved in nursing education to take a bold 
step forward now toward what we think 
is an important and progressive develop 
ment in the field of nursing education. 
(Mrs.) Sharon O Toole, psychiatric nursing 
instructor, Vancouver General Hospital, 
Vancouver, B.C. 



Instructor replies to student article 

Dear Editor: 

"Who is more aware of how feedings 
should be prepared than a newborn baby?" 

Such a question is equally as valid as 
that asked in the "Opinion" by Wendy Mar- 
gesson, student nurse, in your July issue. 

As a former instructor, I challenge sever 
al of Miss Margesson s comments, although 
I also strongly praise her for speaking out 
on these issues. Her comments do point out 
several areas in nursing education that re 
quire attention. 

Schools of nursing do fail to make use of 
properly prepared educators in non-nursing 
courses and often waste good nursing in 
structors to teach chemistry, sociology, and, 
sometimes, basic mathematics. These sub 
jects would be taught better by properly 
prepared people with degrees in education, 
working closely with nursing education di 
rectors who could identify special areas of 
nursing interest. 

The shorter, diploma courses, such as 
the two-year educational programs coming 
into being all across Canada, are doing 
what Miss Margesson wishes: cutting down 
on useless and wasteful repetition of men 
ial tasks and placing stress on educating the 
student in an efficient and effective man 
ner. The opposition to this program is not 
coming from nurses, however. 

I believe the comments on "freedom of 
expression" are rather overstated. Any real 
ly valuable observations on patient welfare 
from even a very junior student will be 
acted upon, even by the most senior of 



all consultants. However, the ward is not 
the best place to express opinions. Such ex 
pression is better carried out in peer groups. 
The group should contain students from 
nursing and other medical disciplines. This 
calls for interdisciplinary schools where 
student nurses relate to medical students, 
student radiology technicians, and student 
dietitians. 

The student-instructor relationships are a 
person-to-person problem. Bad nursing in 
structors do exist, as poor quality people 
exist in every field. Schools of nursing 
should try to get rid of these people, but 
mature students should recognize that they 
can learn in a negative atmosphere. If ne 
cessary, collective student action might 
bring results. 

Although high school counseling probably 
could be improved, the final choice of a 
career must be a personal one. Is it too 
much to expect the student to investigate on 
her own and know something of the pro 
fession she is entering? Is it essential that 
a student decide in one or two or three 
years, and at age 17 or 18 on the work 
she intends to follow for the next 40? 
Many interested women are now entering 
the profession in their 40 s, switching from 
teaching or typing or tailoring. Surely nurs 
ing can afford to lose a few of those who 
didn t know it would be so frustrating. 

On the whole, Miss Margesson is to be 
congratulated for speaking up. Nurses 
should consider and discuss. We should be 
pleased to have Miss Margesson among our 
professional ranks, helping through the 
profession to repair some of these flaws. 
Considered discussion should be followed 
by concerted action. R.N., Ontario. 

Trim the wick 

Dear Editor: 

It seems to me, that the wick in Flo 
Nightingale s lamp needs trimming. And 
who will do the job? Why, the university 
gals of course. 

The days are past when all a nurse need 
ed was to be a hard worker, possess a 
strong back and a weak nose. Doctors will 
have to accept the new highly educated 
brand of nurse. She is here to stay whether 
they like it or not. But remember that the 
old doctors are retiring to their golf clubs, 
and the young doctors who are taking their 
place are of the same generation as our 
professional women leaving the universities. 

The university-caliber girls have their 
own light. We must leave the past to his 
torians, and get with the Now generation. 
- R.N., British Columbia. fj 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




A Text-Workbook of Dosage, 

Solution*. Mathematics 

and Introductory Pharmacology 

In a word Pharmacology 1. This skillfully written -and meticu 
lously edited book not only provides the material for a complete 
course in the mathematics of solutions and dosage, but includes: 
sources of drugs; dosage forms; routes of administration; medical 
orders; pediatric dosages; legislation regulating drug usage; a 
glossary listing pharmacologic definitions and drug classifications; 
and a Mathematics Supplement (bound in). For students in 
schools of nursing, this text-workbook presents all of the essential 
content prerequisite to the major course in clinical or applied 
pharmacology. Instructor s Guide with Answers available. 

FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICATIONS 

Joy B. Plein, M.S. (Pharm.), Ph.D.; and Elmer M. Rein, M.S., Ph.D. 

176 pages 1967 Paperbound, $4.00 



Lippincott 



TORONTO, 1 







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gently wash away dirt with mild soap solution, rinse thoroughly and respray with DERMOPLAST. Warning: Keep away from eyes 
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M-1803/9/67 



6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 



iSovernor-General To Open 
CNA House This Fall 

Ottawa. His Excellency Governor- 
jeneral Roland Michener has accepted an 
nvitation to officially open the headquar- 
ers of the Canadian Nurses Association 
September 25, 1967. Sister Mary Felicitas, 
"resident of the Association, will chair the 
)roceedings. 

Participants in the program will include 
the Honorable Allan J. MacEachen, Minis 
ter of National Health and Welfare, the 
Right Reverend E.S. Reed, Bishop of Ot 
tawa, the Most Reverend J.R. Windle, 
Auxiliary Bishop of Ottawa, and Miss Eve 
lyn A. Pepper, vice-chairman of the CNA 
House committee. 

The CNA House Committee, originally 
chaired by the late Mildred Walker, was 
responsible for the initial planning of the 
headquarters. Miss Pepper has been a mem 
ber of the House Committee since its ap 
pointment in 1954. 

Special guests at the opening will include 
members representing allied national asso 
ciations. Also in attendance will be mem 
bers of the Board of Directors whose bian 
nual meeting is scheduled September 26 
to 29. 

CNA Consultation Services 
Revised and Ready 

Ottawa. Revisions made at the last 
meeting of the Board of Directors of 
the Canadian Nurses Association have been 
incorporated into a newly-released State 
ment of CNA Consultation Services. 

Consultation services are now offered by 
CNA in research and statistics, nursing 
education, nursing service, social and econ 
omic welfare, public relations, library 
science, and organization and management. 

Two categories of clients are eligible: 
member clients, consisting of the 10 prov 
incial associations; and non-member clients, 
which include other institutions or agencies 
that are directly concerned with nursing 
practice, nursing education, or welfare of 
nurses. 

Consultation will be of two types: the 
"diagnostic survey," lasting three to five 
days, or the "major study," for problems 
requiring longer and more intensive ef 
forts. 

Fees for non-member clients are $80 per 
day plus hotel and travel expenses for both 
diagnostic and major surveys. Member 
clients must pay expenses for major sur 
veys, but all costs for diagnostic surveys 
are assumed by the Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



Maurice Chevalier and "Les Girls/ 




Between appearances at the World Festival during Expo 67, famous singer 
and actor Maurice Chevalier took time to entertain nursing students and 
registered nurses from the Man and His Health Theme Pavilion. With Mr. 
Chevalier are, left to right: Ida Haarsma, St. Joseph General Hospital, North 
Bay; Ella Levesque, Hopital St. Joseph, Rimouski, Quebec; Violet Anutoosh- 
kin, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, B.C.; Ruth Elkas, Sherbrooke Hospital, 
Quebec; Nancy Riggs, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax; and Leslie Ro 
berts, Ottawa Civic Hospital. These nurses are guests of White Sister Uni 
forms Inc. 



Plans Progressing For 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference 

Toronto. "My Patient Who Is Re 
sponsible?" will be one of the topics dis 
cussed by a doctor, nurse, administrator, 
trustee, and patient at the First Canadian 
Conference on Hospital-Medical Staff Rela 
tions to be held December 4-6. 

Under the joint sponsorship of the Cana 
dian Medical Association, Canadian Hospi 
tal Association, and the Canadian Nurses 
Association, the Conference has been plan 
ned to provide a forum for the exchange of 
views between medical staff representatives, 
hospital trustees, administrators, and direc 
tors of nursing service. A secondary purpose 
is to improve communications between 
these groups. 

Although still tentative, the program has 
been arranged to include formal presenta 
tions, panel discussions, and workshop dis 
cussions. Keynote speakers will present pa 
pers on: "Organization as a Social Instru 
ment," "Achieving an Effective Hospital 
Service," and "Principles of Communica 
tion in Hospitals." 

Considerable time has been set aside for 
workshop sessions. At these sessions, doc 



tors, nurses, administrators, trustees, and 
patients will identify problem areas in hos 
pital-medical staff relations and hopefully 
find answers to present inadequacies. 

RNAO and College of Nurses 
Say Public Funds Needed 
For Recruitment 

Toronto. The College of Nurses of 
Ontario and the Registered Nurses Associ 
ation of Ontario, in a report to the provin 
cial Council of Health, have asked that pub 
lic funds be appropriated for a much-need 
ed recruitment program. 

According to the report, public funds of 
$20,000 per annum are needed if the 
RNAO is to conduct an effective recruit 
ment program. Current RNAO efforts in 
this direction are hampered by lack of 
funds. 

The report also recommends that an an 
nual subsidy of $40,000 be made to the 
College of Nurses to allow it to employ two 
additional nurse consultants. Expansion of 
the consulting program is necessary if the 
College is to help faculties prepare for 
change. 

To help ease the shortage of qualified 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



teachers, the report suggests that a survey 
of some 400 nurses with preparation at the 
baccalaureate level be carried out to deter 
mine the possibilities of attracting them into 
teaching. 

In their report, the College of Nurses of 
Ontario and the RNAO recommend that di 
ploma schools of nursing be established in 
colleges of applied arts and technology. 
Further, they urge that immediate steps be 
taken to determine the organizational and 
administrative relationships necessary for 
the development of such programs, and, 
where feasible, for the transfer of existing 
hospital and regional nursing school pro- 
grains into the programs offered by the 
Colleges. 

The final recommendation is that the On 
tario Council of Health, in conjunction with 
the College of Nurses and the RNAO, 
initiate studies concerning: the availability 
of recruits; requirements for nurses and 
teachers for the future; measurement and 
cause of turnover among nursing personnel; 
recruitment of non-practicing registered 
nurses to nursing; and continuing education 
for qualified teachers. 

RNAO Plan of Action 
Recommends System of 
Certification 

Toronto. The Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario s Plan of Action, adopt 
ed by resolution at the annual meeting in 
April, recommends that courses leading to 
certification be made available to registered 
nurses. 

Two principles form the basis of the plan: 
1. that there be one category of nurse elig 
ible for registration, who can increase her 
competencies in a variety of ways, e.g., 
through university preparation and/or 
through a system of certification; 2. that the 
concept of flexibility be utilized in the pre 
paration of the nurse, both at the basic 
level and in continuing programs, and that 
study and experimentation be fostered with 
in the work setting. 

The Plan of Action recommends that 
certification courses in clinical and func 
tional areas be available to registered nurses 
who wish to increase their competency in an 
area of specialization. Such courses could 
be established in colleges of applied arts 
and technology and diploma schools of 
nursing that have their own boards, the 
plan suggests. 

According to the Plan of Action, the 
nurse with certification in a clinical area 
would be involved in the day-to-day provi 
sion of care in the nursing unit. She would 
have a team relationship with the nurse cli 
nician and nurses of other educational back 
grounds. The nurses with certification in a 
functional area could assume management 

8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Uniform Designed for New School of Nursing 



Regina. A distinctive white and blue 
uniform has been specially designed for 
students entering the Saskatchewan Insti 
tute of Applied Arts and Sciences, the 
province s first regional school of nursing. 

The new uniform is right in step with 
Saskatchewan s new approach to nursing 
education it is both practical and mod 
ern. The blue A-line dress can be worn 
with or without a belt, has two patch 
pockets on the skirt, white collar and 
white piping on the sleeves, and is to be 
worn knee length. In choosing drip dry, 
terylene and cotton material, designers 
took into consideration the fact that many 
students may be doing their own laundry. 

The very practical consideration of cost 
guided designers in their choice of color. 
To eliminate the need for two sets of uni 
forms, they chose a color that students 
could wear for both their hospital and 
public health experience. 

On the sleeve of the new uniform is a 
white and blue crest, with the letters 
S.I.A.A.S. and the words "Diploma Nurs 
ing" that will distinguish diploma stu 
dents from those in the nursing assistants 
program at the Institute. 

The decisions of whether or not a cap 
should be part of the uniform has been 
left to faculty and the students. 




of a ward unit in certain situations, or act 
as demonstrators in schools of nursing. 

Although emphasis would be on increas 
ing the competency of the nurse in the area 
of specialization, the course would include 
studies in the humanities, social sciences, 
physical and biological sciences, and clinical 
specialty. The courses could be given as 
full-time day study or by extension. 

School for Orderlies 
Opens in Alberta 

Edmonton. - - The Alberta Department 
of Education, Division of Vocational Edu 
cation, has announced a program for nurs 
ing orderlies. The Alberta Nursing Order 
ly Program is designed to prepare the or 
derly to give safe care as a member of the 
nursing team. 

The 30-week program of concurrent 
teaching will be divided into two phases, 
with clinical experience provided at three 
auxiliary hospitals and five active treatment 
hospitals. Supervising staff from the school 
will accompany the students to the clinical 
areas and will supervise, plan, and guide 
the experience in the hospital. 

The first class of 20 to 25 students will 
be enrolled on September 5, 1967. The min 
imum entrance requirement is grade 10, 
Alberta standing, or its equivalent. 

In previous years, the nursing orderly has 
been prepared through an inservice program 
in a few of the larger institutions. These 



programs were designed to meet the nurs 
ing service needs of the specific institution. 
With the expansion of health services in 
the province, an urgent need particular 
ly in small hospitals, auxiliary hospitals and 
nursing homes now exists for well 
prepared orderlies to meet the immediate 
needs in nursing service. 

The program is not expected to discour 
age the entrance of male students to pro 
grams leading to registration, according to 
Mrs. Helen M. Sabin, executive secretary 
of the Alberta Association of Registered 
Nurses. Students with academic ability and 
potential to function at registered nurse 
level are encouraged to enter schools of 
nursing. 

Ontario Regional School 

Approved As Project 

For Health Resources Fund 

Ottawa. National Health and Welfare 
Minister Allan J. MacEachen has approved 
the Cornwall Regional School of Nursing 
as a project to receive a contribution from 
the federal government s Health Resources 
Fund. 

"I am pleased to announce that a con 
tribution of $306,744 will be made from 
the Fund to the School of Nursing," said 
Health Minister MacEachen. "The physical 
plant these funds will provide is indicative 
of the steps being taken to add to the ranks 
(Continued on page 10) 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 



f * 




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skin refreshant and body massage 





SEPTEMBER 1967 



LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64 Colgate Avenue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



(Continued from page 8) 

of graduate nurses and other medical per 
sonnel responsible for attending the health 
needs of Canadians." 

The Cornwall Regional School of Nurs 
ing is a new educational facility for the 
training of registered nurses, and is designed 
to accommodate 200 students on a two- 
year course. This will be followed by a 
one-year clinical internship in the partici 
pating hospitals. 

Construction of the school was begun in 



May, 1966. Estimated date of completion is 
January, 1968. 

The federal Health Resources Fund, es 
tablished in 1966, provides $500 million 
to support costs of constructing and equip 
ping facilities for health training and re 
search institutions in Canada. The Fund 
pays up to 50 percent of the costs incurred 
after January 1, 1966. 

UWO Sets 1970 Deadline 

For Nurses to Complete B.Sc.N. 

London, Ont. Nurses holding a diplo 
ma or certificate in public health nursing, 
teaching, or administration have until Oc 
tober 1970 to complete requirements for the 



DANDRUFF 
WARD 



DANDRUFF 
WARD 



II 




You won t see this in your hospital 



We re not trying to fool you. 

We re making a point! 

That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one Selsun 
by Abbott. 

Selsun clears up annoying, unsight 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments, 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95/o 
cases reported 1 ). 

You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 



Really, there s no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 

Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 



i Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat 
ment ot Seborrheic Dermatitis with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium Disu/fide, Arch. Dermal. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 

*Trodemark registered 

Selsun* 

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ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver 

10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



bachelor of science in nursing degree at the 
University of Western Ontario. 

According to UWO s dean of nursing, R. 
Catherine Aikin, the two original programs 
leading to the B.Sc.N. degree are being 
phased out. The final year of the five-year 
degree program will be offered only up to 
and including the 1969-70 academic year. 
AH diploma programs in nursing were dis 
continued at UWO in 1967. 

A four-year basic program leading to the 
B.Sc.N. degree was inaugurated at UWO 
in 1966 to replace the five-year undergrad 
uate program. Thirty applicants have been 
accepted into the fall 1967 class. 

The University of Western Ontario also 
offers a three-year bachelor s degree pro 
gram for registered nurses from diploma 
schools of nursing, and two graduate pro 
grams in nursing, each of two academic 
years in length. 

Further information about the programs 
offered at UWO can be obtained from the 
Dean, School of Nursing, The University of 
Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 

Cut Vitamins in Foods 
Proposes Drug Directorate 

Ottawa. The Food and Drug Direc 
torate of the Department of National 
Health and Welfare has recommended that 
the maximum amount of some vitamins 
that may be added to a food be reduced, 
says Dr. R.A. Chapman, director general 
of the Directorate. 

Under the proposed regulations, the addi 
tion of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine 
would be halved. The intake of vitamin A 
and provitamin A would remain at 2,500 
International Units daily. The intake of vi 
tamin D was reduced from 800 to 400 In 
ternational Units in 1965, after studies in 
dicated that too much vitamin D in an in 
fant s diet led to a breakdown of calcium 
in the bones. In excessive quantities it is 
also connected with congenital heart di 
sease, and, when taken by an expectant 
mother, with mental deficiency in children. 

The new regulations also require that the 
potency of a vitamin be expressed in terms 
of a proper name, and that a list of ingre 
dients designating the actual material used 
be provided. The new rules would not apply 
to drugs sold only for veterinary use. New 
regulations dealing with minerals and vita 
mins in veterinary products, and the addi 
tion of minerals to drugs also are proposed. 

Federal Contribution Allows For 
Increase in Student Enrollment 

Ottawa. Student enrollment will be in 
creased from the current 213 to 275 at the 
school of nursing of the Hotel Dieu Hospi 
tal in Quebec City. This increase was made 
possible by the approval of a $99,127 con 
tribution from the federal government s 
Health Resources Fund to the school of 
nursing. 

In announcing approval of the contribu- 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 



tion. National Health and Welfare Minister 
Allan J. MacEachen said, "Like many other 
schools of nursing and training hospitals 
across Canada, the Hotel Dieu has had to 
place certain limitations on the number of 
student nurses it could accommodate due to 
limited facilities. I am happy to state that, 
with the assistance being provided via the 
Health Resources Fund, the number of stu 
dent nurses will be increased, hospital nurs 
ing personnel will have centralized and im 
proved teaching facilities, and space in the 
hospital building itself will be released for 
other requirements. " 

The monies from the Fund will assist in 
defraying costs of renovating and equipping 
a three-story building near the hospital that 
will completely house the school of nursing. 
At present the school s facilities are located 
in the hospital as well as in other buildings 
in the vicinity. Space now occupied by the 
school of nursing in the hospital will be 
used for medical teaching purposes and the 
extension of the medical library. Space for 
additional beds also will be provided. 

Contract for Hamilton Nurses 
Provides Highest Public Health 
Minimum Salary in Province 

Hamilton, Ontario. A one-year, volun 
tary collective bargaining agreement signed 
June 25 by The Nurses Association of the 
Hamilton Health Association and their em 
ployer, the City of Hamilton, gives public 
health nurses in Hamilton the highest min 
imum salary rate in Ontario. 

The contract, which covers full-time, non- 
supervisory staff, sets the minimum salary 
for a public health nurse at $5,692.92. The 
maximum is $6,550. The salary part of 
the agreement is retroactive to February, 
1967, and will be re-negotiated in February, 
1968. 

The new agreement also provides for a 
car allowance of 12 cents per mile, with a 
guaranteed minimum of $25 per month. 

The Nurses Association worked closely 
with staff of the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario while preparing the rec 
ommendations for the contract and during 
the actual negotiations. RNAO officials ex 
pressed satisfaction with this first agreement. 

Research on Two Levels 
of Nurses Underway 
at Winnipeg Hospital 

Winnipeg. A 20-bed experimental unit 
that will permit an accurate evaluation of 
the use of only two levels of nurses for 
nursing care is underway at the Victoria 
General Hospital in Winnipeg. Miss Helen 
Beath, assistant director of nursing service, 
guidance and research, reported that the unit 
will test the concept of the roles and func- 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



tions of nurses that has been put forth by 
the Canadian Nurses Association and en 
dorsed by the Manitoba Association of Reg 
istered Nurses. 

The CNA wants all nursing care to be 
given by graduates of a diploma or a de 
gree program. 

The unit will test the "supply concept" 
and the "computer concept" as well. A 
computer has been installed on the ward to 
file and record all patient data. It will keep 
medical records pertinent to patient care, 
process and store all laboratory and x-ray 
reports, OR records, admission and dis 
charge data. It also will assess the need for 
ward supplies, provide a day-to-day sched 
ule of patients and personnel and assist in 



determining staffing requirements, and look 
after payroll and accounting information. 
The use of the computer will eliminate 
about 80 percent of paper work done 
routinely in other nursing stations. 

The staffing theory being tested is that 
professional people should perform those 
functions that they are prepared for and 
only those functions. "Thus, nurses should 
nurse," commented Miss Beath. "The other 
two concepts will ensure that she has the 
necessary equipment, supplies, and time to 
be more concerned with clinical skills than 
managerial duties." 

"We have divided all ward activities into 

two classifications: nursing and non-nurs- 

(Continued on page 13) 




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between their legs not against them. It 
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The PUC-10 has a lot going for it in 
other areas, too. The oval 
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application to either male 
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The large adhesive area, which 
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polyethylene plastic, it can be used 
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The PUC-10 is packaged 10 to a box, 
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news 



(Continued from page 11) 

ing," said Miss Beath. "The job description 
of each staff member is based on this." 

The duties of the unit coordinator com 
bine some functions of supervisor and head 
nurse, except that she supervises nursing 
care only and is in no way responsible for 
administrative duties, supplies, or clerical 
functions. She does not supervise the work 
of the ward clerk. 

The initial staffing pattern consisted of 
a team leader on each shift, and three 
general staff nurses on days, four on after 
noons, and one on nights. A new pattern 
has evolved, which should result in more 
effective utilization of the team leader. 

Supply technicians under the direction of 
a ward clerk complement the nursing 
functions on all shifts. These technicians 
are responsible for seeing that all necessary 
equipment for the individual patient is 
placed in the nursing cupboard adjacent to 
the patient s room, act as auxiliary ward 
personnel in preparing and cleaning equip 
ment, but never give any patient care. 

Ward clerks are on duty from 8:00 A.M. 
until 9:30 P.M. Their night duties are as 
sumed by the supply technicians. The ward 
clerk is responsible for all clerical activities, 
and, at present, processes all doctors orders. 



It is expected that processing of orders will 
be a computer function in the new hospital. 
Miss Beath reported on the unit at a 
recent meeting of the CNA Nursing Service 
Committee at CNA House, Ottawa. 

Man and His Mind 
Theme of CMHA Congress 

Montreal. Every aspect of "Man and 
His Mind" came under review during the 
recent four-day Congress on Mental Health 
presented by the Canadian Mental Health 
Association July 5-8, 1967 in Montreal. 

On the first day of the Congress, Lord 
Taylor of Harlow, one of the designers of 
Britain s National Health Service and pres 
ident of Memorial University of Newfound 
land, discussed Man, Mental Health, and 
Politics. 

Lord Taylor said, "Within ten years, with 
the active cooperation of your politicians 
and this association, Canada can lead the 
world in mental health care. You have the 
energy, the humanity, and the resources to 
do the job. All that is needed now is the 
will to take action." 

The following day, a panel of provincial 
ministers of health, with moderator Dr. Fre 
deric Grunberg, Assistant Commissioner of 
Mental Hygiene for New York State, dis 
cussed Man, Mental Health, and Govern 
ment. Quebec s Minister of Health, the 
Honorable Jean-Paul Cloutier, outlined his 
province s planned new Mental Health Act, 
which will be based on a decentralization 



scheme. Under this scheme, regional Que 
bec hospitals will offer psychiatric services. 
"The main aim of the legislation," said Dr. 
Cloutier, "is to give the mental patient the 
same rights as any other sick person and 
give him back his dignity." 

Ontario Health Minister Matthew Dy- 
mond told the Congress, "I personally be 
lieve the government should be out of the 
business of running hospitals." He admitted 
afterward that this is not likely to happen 
in his lifetime. "Ontario government spend 
ing on mental health services has jumped 
from $40,000,000 to $100,000,000 in the 
last eight years and 60 percent of mental 
patients are being cared for in provincial 
institutions," the minister said. 

Other topics discussed during the Con 
gress included Man, Mental Health, and the 
Community; Man, Mental Health, and So 
ciety; and Man, Mental Health, and Educa 
tion. Professor Otto Klineberg, President of 
the World Federation for Mental Health, 
gave the final address on Man, Mental 
Health, and International Affairs. 

Delegates to the Congress took advant 
age of its location to visit Expo 67 during 
the third afternoon. 

More Studies Relate 
Vitamin C, Wound Healing 

Bethesda, Maryland. Results of recent 
experimental studies by U.S. National 
Heart Institute scientists suggest that the 



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SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase is ne 
cessary for wound healing and that, in ad 
dition, vitamin C is necessary for this en 
zyme s maintenance and function. 

Collagen is both one of the most abun 
dant and one of the most unusual proteins 
in the animal body. It is found in large 
amounts in such important connective tis 
sues as tendon, cartilage, bone, and skin. 
Collagen is unusual in that it is the only 
protein which contains the amino acid hy- 
droxyproline. For this reason, collagen 



formation is uniquely dependent on a spe 
cific enzyme, collagen proline hydroxylase, 
which is responsible for the synthesis of 
hydroxyproline. 

Studies by Drs. Emilio Mussini, John J. 
Hutton, and Sidney Udenfriend of the Na 
tional Heart Institute indicate that tissues 
that are rapidly synthesizing collagen have 
high levels of collagen proline hydroxylase. 
For example, skin and lung contain large 
amounts of enzyme, while brain and kidney 
contain very little. In general, rapidly 
growing fetal tissues contain more enzyme 
than homologous tissues from the adult 
animal. Of more importance, however, is 
the finding that this enzyme may play a 



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crucial role in such poorly understood phe 
nomena as wound healing and vitamin C 
deficiency or scurvy. 

In Heart Institute studies, young rats 
were wounded surgically and the amount of 
enzyme present in the wound was determin 
ed every day for three weeks. For the first 
three days proline hydroxylase levels in the 
wound remained normal. Then, suddenly, on 
the fourth day, the amount of collagen pro- 
line hydroxylase in the wound rose rapidly 
stabilizing for several days and then de 
clining. Changes in enzyme level were clear 
ly associated with collagen formation and 
wound healing. Areas of the body that had 
not been wounded contained normal 
amounts of enzyme. This finding represents 
the first abrupt, highly specific, localized 
enzymic change reported during the healing 
of wounds. 

In a related series of experiments, it was 
found that tissues of vitamin C deficient 
guinea pigs contain less proline hydroxylase 
than tissues of normal guinea pigs. 
Wounds heal poorly in such animals as 
they do in vitamin C deficient human 
beings. It has been previously reported by 
others that the administration of vitamin 
C to patients after surgery promotes the 
healing of wounds. The Heart Institute stu 
dies suggest reasons for all of these obser 
vations. The enzyme, collagen proline hy 
droxylase, is necessary for wound healing 
and vitamin C is necessary for its main 
tenance and function. 

The work was reported at the April meet 
ings of the Federation of American Socie 
ties for Experimental Biology. 

New Brunswick Hospital 
Receives Grant 

Ottawa. National Health and Welfare 
Minister Allan J. MacEachen recently ap 
proved a federal construction grant of 
$76,000 for the Saint John General Hospi 
tal in Saint John, New Brunswick. 

The grant will assist costs of a major ren 
ovation program that includes a gynecolo- 
gy department to be constructed in space 
formerly occupied by an unused nursery, 
the expansion of the inhalation therapy de 
partment by adding a cardiorespiratory 
unit, enlargement of a number of nursing 
stations, and changes in the autopsy room. 

Expected completion date for the renova 
tions is April, 1968. 

New Controlled Childbirth 
Classes Started in Vancouver 

Vancouver. -- Pilot classes on the psy- 
choprophylactic method of childbirth are 
being conducted in Vancouver, according 
to Mrs. R. Brodie, area secretary of the 
National Childbirth Trust. 

The classes are based on the psychopro- 
phylactic method developed in Russia dur 
ing the Second World War and popularized 
by French obstetrician Dr. Fernand La- 
maze. 



14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



news 



The method is based on learned re 
sponses to stimuli leading to conditioned 
reflex actions. Mrs. Erna Wright, a British 
mid-wife and mother, has recently toured 
Canada and the United States on behalf of 
the National Childbirth Trust to publicize 
the method. 

Expectant mothers attend eight weekly 
classes during the last two months of preg 
nancy, where they are taught correct, dis 
ciplined responses to the sensations of child 
birth, learning and practicing until the reac 
tions are routine or reflex. Training includes 
control of muscles and proper breathing 
during labor. The method aims to reduce 
pain of childbirth, and increase the mother s 
self-control. 

During May, Mrs. Wright conducted two 
seminars in Vancouver, attended by case- 
room nurses, public health nurses, physio 
therapists and doctors. The classes were 
begun at the request of an obstetrician. 
They are open to patients referred by doc 
tors and interested professional people in 
vited by NCT. 

Mrs. Wright s North American Tour in 
cluded eight American cities, as well as 
Vancouver and Toronto. 

Industrial Medical Center 
Opened in Hamilton 

Hamilton. One of the most modern 
and complete industrial medical centers in 
Canada was opened recently in Hamilton by 
Dominion Foundries and Steel Limited, ac 
cording to Dr. R.H. Martin, medical direc 
tor of the center. "Our main task here," 
said Dr. Martin, "is in the field of preven 
tive medicine." 

Annual checkups will be given to all em 
ployees of the company at the $700,000 cen 
ter, which is equipped for tests on vision, 
hearing, blood and heart conditions. Also 
available is equipment for minor surgery. 

A full-time staff of 25, including two 
doctors, nurses, technicians, first aid men, 
and a physiotherapist, are employed by the 
center. 

Ortho Sponsors Symposium 
On Sex Education 

Toronto. A symposium on sex educa 
tion will be held at the Royal York Hotel 
in Toronto on Saturday, September 23 for 
those involved in any aspect of education 
or counseling. 

Theme of the one-day meeting, sponsored 
by Ortho Pharmaceutical (Canada) Limited, 
is "Family Life Planning A Community 
Responsibility." Educators, doctors, clergy 
men, social workers, and others concerned 
with family life education have been invited 
from across Canada. 

The Honorable William Davis, Minister 
of Education for Ontario, will welcome the 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



delegates. The keynote address will be del 
ivered by the executive director of Sex In 
formation and Education Council of the 
United States, Dr. Mary Calderone. 

School of Nursing Joins 
University of Montreal 

Montreal. The integration of L Institut 
Marguerite d Youville into the University of 
Montreal, was made official on June I, 
1 967, when buildings recently erected on 
the campus were acquired by the University. 
The faculty of nursing will transfer its 
headquarters to the University campus. 



The faculty, which includes 32 full-time 
professors, plans to abolish the one-year 
specialization course leading to certification, 
but to continue the four-year basic bacca 
laureate program and the baccalaureate pro 
gram for registered nurses. At the master s 
level, specialization will be offered in nurs 
ing administration and education, with a 
third option, psychiatry, expected to be 
ready by September, 1968. 

A special grant of $15,000 will enable the 
faculty to enlarge its library, which present 
ly contains 3,000 volumes. Two librarians 

will be hired. ,_, 

(Continued on page 17) 



SUPPORT YOUR UNITED FUND 
IT SUPPORTS THE VON 



"She was six years old and she was 
diabetic. One morning she telephoned 
the office to report that her test was the 
wrong color and could her nurse come 
to see her." 

In this way, a nurse of the Victorian 
Order opens a story about home treat 
ment and training of a young diabetic 
one of many "success" stories about 
Canadians of all ages that can be credit 
ed to this remarkable organization. Ca 
nada s Victorian Order of Nurses, which 
now serves through 108 branches across 
Canada, is well known to most of us. 
We recognize the smart blue uniforms, 
the staff cars, the clear-eyed young 
women hurrying into homes in every 
part of the town. But not many of us 
know exactly what stories lie behind 
those doors. Here, from the VON s files 
is one of them. 

The little diabetic girl first came to 
the attention of the Victorian Order liai 
son nurse while she was making her 
scheduled rounds at the local hospital. 
From the head nurse on the ward, she 
collected clinical data, notes on the 
child s progress in hospital, characteris 
tics of the family, and the physician s 
written instructions, and forwarded this 
information to the VON office. The file 
was passed to the VON district nurse, 
who decided to begin working with the 
family before the child was discharged 
from hospital. There were two problems: 
both parents left home early each day 
for work; who, then, would give the in 
sulin injection? There was also a lan 
guage difficulty, the nurse knew, and 
there were many things she had to teach 
the family. 

The first home visit was arranged for 
an afternoon when the nurse could meet 
the family as a group. A ten-year-old 
brother, who had a "wonderful combi 
nation of charm, intelligence and eager 
ness," and who had mastered English to 
perfection, became the interpreter for 
the nurse and the family. By the time 



the little girl had arrived home, the fam 
ily had a much better understanding of 
the problems of a diabetic. They pro 
ceeded with confidence, with each mem 
ber undertaking a share of the respons 
ibility. The little girl herself, with super 
vision, carried out the daily morning 
test. She kept a record of the results by 
drawing a smiling face when the color 
was right. Her brother and her mother 
were taught to give the insulin injection. 
The grandmother, who lived with the 
family, learned to alter her European 
cooking habits when necessary so that 
appropriate nutrition could be assured. 
After two weeks of visiting, the nurse 
felt satisfied that the family would no 
longer need her assistance. Before clos 
ing the case she got in touch with the 
little girl s teacher and the nurse at the 
school, so that adequate account could 
be taken of the problem there, too. But 
the nurse was "on call," as the beginning 
of our story indicates, to check on pro 
gress and give reassuranse when needed. 
Such a story typifies the home visiting 
work of this agency, which is supported 
by most of Canada s 140 united funds, 
united appeals, and community chests. 
The patients that the VON is called 
upon to serve may range from the ap 
parently helpless cripple, who with pro 
per care and the cooperation of other 
rehabilitation agencies can be helped 
back to a fuller life, to the diabetic who 
needs help in adjusting to new condi 
tions and whose family needs some 
training in the new life, too. 

The essence of the work of the VON 
is the flexibility and speed with which it 
can act, and the fact that it can bring 
skilled professional care right into the 
patient s home when it is needed, regard 
less of ability to pay. Such service is 
made possible largely through the gene 
rosity of thousands of Canadians 
through their gifts, once a year, to the 
united appeals in their communities. The 
VON s splendid achievements deserve, 
through them, our continued support. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 








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(Continued from page IS) 

Center for Mentally III Children 
To be Developed in Sudbury 

Toronto. - The early development in 
Sudbury of a regional diagnostic and treat 
ment center for children suffering from 
mental and emotional disorders has been 
announced by Dr. Matthew Dymond, min 
ister of health for Ontario. 

The center will provide outpatient, day 
care, and inpatient services for mentally ill 
and mentally retarded children. Those with 
related disabilities, such as perceptuaJ de 
fects and other specific disorders, also will 
be treated. 

Dr. Dymond has urged that the Sudbury 
center, one of eight under development in 
the province, be developed as soon as pos 
sible to provide additional services for chil 
dren in this section of the province. Due to 
the special nature of the services to be pro 
vided in this region, the provincial govern 
ment will assume reasonable costs of capital 
development, and will underwrite operating 
costs. 

Other centers will be established at Ot 
tawa, Kingston, Toronto, Hamilton, Lon 
don, Windsor, and Port Arthur. 



Vanier Institute Launches 
Family Life Education Study 

Ottawa. Encouraged by mounting in 
terest from across the country, the Vanier 
Institute of the Family has launched a ma 
jor study project on family life education 
in Canada. 

In announcing the project, Stewart Sut- 
ton, secretary-general of the Institute, said 
that the term family life education referred 
to the activity of any group or medium of 
mass communication aimed at providing in 
formation and opportunity for people to 
approach their present and future family 
relations with greater understanding and 
sense of responsibility. 

"On a more theoretical level, the study 
should contribute to our understanding of 
problems faced in family life and to our 
knowledge of the many institutions and vol 
untary groups that are concerned with fam 
ily relationships and family well-being," Mr. 
Sutton said. 

The first phase of the project will be a 
survey of all groups in Canada active in 
family life education, including religious, 
health, government, labor, educational, rec 
reational, consumer, and welfare. Consulta 
tions also will be held with representatives 
of the education departments of each prov 
ince. The study will seek to obtain informa 
tion of the activities and goals of the 
groups, the regions covered and the types 



of people to whom the activities are di 
rected. 

Also included in the first phase will be 
a review of activities in schools and the 
regular features of newspapers, magazines, 
radio and television. No attempt will be 
made in this first phase to evaluate or 
judge the content of any programs. 

Later phases of the study will focus on 
the attitudes and concerns of the public re 
garding possible family life education acti 
vities. Detailed studies will be made in coo 
peration with leaders and participants in ex 
isting programs, along with an analysis of 
the actual influence of such programs on 
family life. 

Research for the project is being directed 
by Dr. Frederick Elkin of the Department 
of Sociology, York University, Toronto. 

ICN Announces Vacancies 
On Executive Staff 

Geneva. The International Council of 
Nurses is inviting applications for two fu 
ture vacancies on the executive staff at 
ICN headquarters. 

The position of nurse adviser is open to 
men and women who are registered nurses 
in their own country, and members of an 
ICN member organization. The candidate 
must give evidence of post-basic nursing 
education and professional experience, and 
(Continued on page 19) 



Facts about 
Registered 
Nurses in 
Canada 



Source : 
Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 
1967 



Educational Qualifications 

The graph shows the highest educational qualification of 
the 82,517 nurses who were employed in nursing in 1966. 
In addition, there were 30,349 nurses who were either not 
employed in nursing (24,638), or who did not indicate 
their employment status (5,711). Of this number, 1,000 
held a bachelor s degree, 66 a master s degree, and 4 a 
doctoral degree. 



Diploma program 

leading 

to R.N. 




Academic degree: 4,323 (5.2%) 

Bachelor s degree 

3,922 
Master s degree 

383 

Doctoral degree 
18 



Some post-basic 
credits toward a 
bachelor s degree: 7,814 (9.5%) 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 



news 



(Continued from page 17) 

be willing to travel widely on behalf of the 
organization. Fluency in English is essen 
tial and a sound knowledge of a second 
European language, preferably French, is 
desirable. 

Applicants for the position of editor of 
the International Nursing Review, the offi 
cial journal of the ICN, should have pre 
vious experience in the editorial aspects of 
magazine production. It would be an ad 
vantage for applicants to be nurses. Com 
plete mastery of English is required, and a 
working knowledge of French would be an 
asset. 

Application forms and further particulars 
may be obtained by writing to the Execu 
tive Director at ICN Headquarters, P.O. 
Box 42, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. 
Completed application forms should be re 
turned to ICN Headquarters not later than 
October 31, 1967. 

New Equipment at Sacre-Coeur 
First in North America 

Hull. L Hopital du Sacre-Coeur in Hull, 
Quebec, is the first in North America to 
use Televix, a new type of radiodiagnosis 
equipment made by Phillips Electronics. It 
uses closed circuit television as well as re 
mote control, and is more precise and fast 
er than traditional radioscopy devices. 

It is also very compact, comprising an 



Children s Gift to Pakistan 




A midwife leaves a maternity and child welfare center in the Karachi area 
of Pakistan to make a home call. Her kit of basic delivery tools was provided 
by the United Nations Children s Fund, as was equipment for a Children s 
Hospital in Karachi, training centers in four Pakistani cities, and nearly 350 
rural clinics. Through UNICEF, Canadian children help their less fortunate 
friends around the world by collecting funds in an annual Halloween drive, 
to be conducted as usual this year on October 31 . 



entirely mechanized table. Manipulations to 
obtain the desired angulation for various 
exposures are done by remote control. 

The negative is impressed by a single 
tube above the table which makes it pos 
sible to photograph from all angles. The 
distance between the focus and the film 
is fixed. 



Institute on Intensive Care Nursing 




One day of a special one-week institute on intensive care nursing held at the 
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, was devoted to dis 
cussion on the feelings and needs of patients, relatives, and staff. Role playing 
was one method of teaching used throughout the institute. The picture shows 
a "head nurse" in the unit reassuring distraught relatives. Nursing staff em 
ployed on the intensive care unit planned, conducted, and presented the insti 
tute, with medical staff assisting in some of the formal presentations. 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



Filming takes place 0.8 seconds after the 
localization by televised fluoroscopy, which 
eleminates the risk of error. 

This equipment makes possible zonogra- 
phies and tomographies during investiga 
tion. Risks of radiation for the patient and 
personnel also are minimized. The operat 
ing room has been equipped with a 360 
televised fluoroscopy device that makes cer 
tain surgical interventions safer and faster. 

Alberta Nurse First Recipient 
of K.E. MacLaggan Fellowship 

Ottawa. An Alberta nurse, Shirley 
Marie Stinson, is the first recipient of the 
newly established Dr. Katherine E. Mac 
Laggan Fellowship. The fellowship, to be 
awarded annually in memory of the late 
president of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion, was authorized by the Board of Dir 
ectors of the Canadian Nurses Foundation, 
acting on a recommendation from the CNA 
Board of Directors. 

Dr. MacLaggan was a charter member 
and an energetic promoter of the Canadian 
Nurses Foundation. 

Miss Stinson was awarded the Fellowship 
of $4,500 for study toward her doctor of 
education degree at Teachers College, Col 
umbia University, New York. She holds her 
B.Sc.N. from the University of Alberta and 
her master s in nursing administration from 
the University of Minneapolis. She has 
held positions in public health, hospital and 
university nursing in Alberta and Ontario. 

On completion of her studies, Miss Stin 
son will return to the faculty of the Univer 
sity of Alberta School of Nursing. Q 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



names 




Helen Lipton, a 

native of New York, 
recently joined the 
staff of Bloorview 
Children s Hospital, 
Toronto, as director 
of nursing. A gradu 
ate of Beth Israel 
Hospital, Newark, 
New Jersey, Mrs. 
Lipton also attended Ohio State University 
where she obtained her bachelor of science 
in education degree. In 1962 she received 
her M.S. in rehabilitation from Boston 
University. 

Her appointment at Bloorview Children s 
Hospital is a first for Mrs. Lipton, whose 
career until now has centered in the United 
States. Immediately following her gradu 
ation from Ohio State University, she 
worked in New York City as supervisor 
with the National Youth Administration, 
and later as a staff nurse in public health 
with the Brooklyn Nurses Association. 

In 1960 she moved to Boston as clinical 
instructor in medical-surgical nursing at 
Beth Israel Hospital and the following 
year went to the school of nursing at Bos 
ton University as an instructor in reha 
bilitation nursing. In 1964 she moved again, 
this time to Newton, Massachusetts, as re 
habilitation field representative at St. 
Paul s Rehabilitation Center. 

Immediately prior to her present appoint 
ment, Mrs. Lipton spent a year in Chicago 
as nursing administrator at the Department 
of Mental Health, Illinois State Hospital. 

Janette Blue re 
cently joined the staff 
of the New Bruns 
wick Association of 
Registered Nurses as 
employment relations 
officer. 

Mrs. Blue was born 
and educated in Fife, 
Scotland. She gradu 
ated from St. Andrew s University with a 
master s degree in English and history, and 
a diploma in education. After graduation 
she taught for a year, and in 1956 moved 
to Fredericton, where she undertook supply 
teaching for one year. 

In 1965 she became personnel officer at 
Victoria Public Hospital in Fredericton, a 
position she held until accepting her pres 
ent post in June. 

Mrs. Blue will be concerned with the 
social and economic welfare of nurses in 
the province of New Brunswick. 

20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 





Sister Lucien de 
Jesus, member of the 
r . _ Sisters of Providence, 

\ 1 recently was appoint- 
** \Mt I ed general director 

and superior of the 
Sacred Heart Hospital 
in Hull, Quebec. A 
native of Montreal, 
Sister graduated from 

the school of Nursing at Sacred Heart Hos 
pital, where she was named director of the 
program of studies and of the school of 
nursing in 1950. In 1958 she was appointed 
superior at St-Joseph Hospital in Lachine, 
and in 1961, provincial of the Sisters of 
Providence in Montreal. 

Shortly after receiving her new appoint 
ment, Sister Lucien de Jesus became a 
member of the Association of Hospital Ad 
ministrators of Quebec. 

Janet Alison McKenxie, a graduate of 
the school of nursing at St. Paul s Hos 
pital, Saskatoon, has been appointed as 
sistant director of the St. Clair Regional 
School of Nursing in Sarnia. Director of 
the new school is Una Ridley. 

Miss McKenzie obtained her bachelor of 
science in nursing degree from the Univer 
sity of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, in 1964. 
She worked as a staff nurse for one year 
at St. Paul s Hospital before becoming a 
clinical instructor and head nurse at Ed 
monton General Hospital, where she stayed 
for four years. After receiving her B.S.N., 
she was a nursing instructor for two years 
at the school of nursing at the Sarnia Gen 
eral Hospital in Sarnia, Ontario. 

The school is scheduled to open this fall 
and already one-half of the 45 member 
class has enrolled. 

Verna M. Huffman, 

formerly consultant in 
public health nursing 
in the federal govern 
ment s Health Ser 
vices Branch, has 
been appointed nurs 
ing adviser to the De 
puty Minister of Na 
tional Health. 

A graduate of the Peterborough Civic 
Hospital, the University of Toronto, and 
Teachers College, Columbia University, 
Miss Huffman was a staff nurse with the 
Victorian Order of Nurses before joining 
the Department of National Health and 
Welfare in 1947 as consultant in public 
health nursing. 

She spent two years in the West Indies 





and British Guiana as a public health nurs 
ing consultant for the World Health Organ 
ization, on loan from the Department. In 
1966 she toured Libya as part of a WHO 
team requested by their government to 
plan public health services for that country. 
Miss Huffman assumed her duties July 
15, 1967. 

Rollande Gagne, dir 
ector of the depart 
ment of nursing edu 
cation at Notre Dame 
Hospital in Montreal, 
recently completed 
publication of a 156- 
page book, L hom- 
me sain ou malade, 
which she has been 
preparing for the past two and one-half 
years. The first book of its kind written 
by a French Canadian, it is also the first 
volume of the new Intermonde publishing 
house, founded and directed by Miss Ga 
gne. Editions Intermonde was formed to 
provide French Canadian textbooks in the 
health field, and to give members of 
the health profession in Canada the oppor 
tunity to publish their work. 

Miss Gagne is expected to publish the 
writings of four or five French Canadian 
nurses and doctors in the near future. 

A graduate of Notre Dame Hospital, 
Miss Gagne obtained a diploma in ex 
perimental psychology and education as 
well as bachelors degrees in both nursing 
science and education from the University 
of Montreal. She received bursaries from 
the federal and provincial governments to 
take special courses in psychiatry at the 
Catholic University of Washington and is 
presently studying law at McGill. 

Prior to her present position, Miss Gag 
ne taught in the school of nursing at 
the same hospital. 

The new assistant director at the Sarnia 
General Hospital School of Nursing is 
Helen Louise Field, a native of Brantford, 
Ontario. Mrs. Field graduated from the 
school of nursing of Brantford General 
Hospital and obtained her diploma in nurs 
ing education and administration from the 
University of Toronto School of Nursing. 

She held various positions at the Brant 
ford General Hospital, including that of 
assistant director of nursing, which she 
held for two years prior to becoming a 
head nurse at the Sarnia General Hospital. 
Immediately prior to her present appoint 
ment, Mrs. Field was clinical instructor at 
the hospital for four years. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



names 



Dorothy M. Dent was forced to retire in 
1961. A victim of Parkinson s disease, she 
was no longer able to retain the position as 
nursing counselor that she had held for 17 
years in the Civil Service Health Division 
of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare. The past six years have been busy 
ones for Miss Dent, who says, "I fill each 
day very thoroughly." Now, the book that 
she has been working on for the past two 
years has been published. 

Called Self Help, Parkinson s Disease, 
the book was "long in the making, but the 
end result was what I wanted," said Miss 
Dent. "It is compact and condensed, with 
a bit of my humor." 

A graduate of the Ottawa Civic Hospital 
School of Nursing, Dorothy Dent took a 
postgraduate course in physiotherapy before 
she left nursing for a few years to become 
an insurance broker. When World War II 
broke out, she returned to nursing and 
served with the Fifth Casualty Clearing Sta 
tion, RCAMC. On her return to Canada 
after the War, she studied public health 
nursing at the University of Ottawa. By 
this time, the disease that had begun some 
years earlier was causing physical symp 
toms. In 1958 she underwent brain surgery 
at Notre Dame Hospital in Montreal. The 
operation arrested many of the parkinsonian 
symptoms for the next few years. 

Since retiring, Miss Dent has written ar 
ticles for Weekend Magazine and has been 
a sort of "one man army helping people 
with Parkinson s disease." 

At the beginning of 
July, Sarah Peters re 
turned to the Congo 
to assume the posi 
tion of head nurse 
and midwife at the 
Pay-Kongila Mater 
nity Hospital. She 
also will be respon 
sible for organizing 
and directing the Nurses Training School 
there. 

Miss Peters held various positions in the 
Congo previous to her present ones. Among 
them were positions as head nurse, mid 
wife, instructor, and director of the Medical 
Institute at Kajiji, Congo. 

A graduate of the St. Boniface School 
of Nursing, Miss Peters also studied at 
Antwerp Tropical Medicine Institute, St. 
Pierre Hospital in Bruxelles, M.B. Bible 
College, and the University of Saskat 
chewan, where she received a diploma for 
teaching in schools of nursing. She speaks 
German, English, French, and Kituba 
fluently. 

The trip is sponsored by the Mennonite 
Brethren Board of Missions and Services. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 





AIR -FLEX 
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it moulds itself to the shape of your 
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Conventional Insoles 




Cradle Arch Insole 



But that s not all: 

Until now, shoes were made to fit 
only the length and width of the 
foot. Now White Cross scientific 
3-WAY FIT ensures perfect 
fit around the girth too. 






All White Cross Shoes are 
HY-GE-NIC for added comfort 
and protection. 

Up to 6 FITTINGS are avail 
able on most styles. 




A BEAUTIFUL WAY TO BE COMFORTABLE. 




At better shoe stores across Canada. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



some nurses call it the PAPER TAPE 
physicians call it the NON-IRRITATING TAPE 
patients call it the COMFORTABLE TAPE 




V 



MICROPORE Surgical Tape 
The only microporous tape. 



Nurses find it ideal for routine dressing and bandaging. Its 
unique microporous construction permits unequalled evap 
oration of perspiration. Maceration is prevented and dress 
ings do not sweat off. MICROPORE Tape is so thin, airy, 
lightweight it looks and feels paper thin. It unwinds freely, 
doesn t tangle, tears off easily. And with MICROPORE 
Tape, valuable time is not lost from daily rounds because 
of messy adhesive residue to clean up after removal, or tape 
burn to be treated. 

Physicians appreciate the notable freedom from skin sensi- 
tization and irritation even in tape-sensitive patients. Total 
microporosity permits underlying skin to function in a nor 
mal manner. Unlike other adhesive tapes, MICROPORE 
Surgical Tape is X-ray clear. 



Your patients are more comfortable with lighter, cooler, 
less bulky dressings. Their convalescence is not complicated 
by distressing skin reactions. And there is no apprehension 
at the prospect of "inching off" or sudden "shock removal." 
MICROPORE Tape peels off painlessly without pulling 
hairs. 

No other tape has been reported in the literature so exten 
sively or SO favorably. U> Depaulis, J.: La Presse Medicale 72:841, 
1964. (2) Golden, T.: Am. J. Surg. 100:789, 1960. (3) Hu, F., et al.: J. 
Invest. Dermat. 37:409, 1961. (4) Weisman, P. A.: Brit. J. Plastic Surg. 
16:319, 1963. (5) Valentin.: Gazette Med. de France 7J-.U30, 1964. (6) 
Murray, P. J. B.: Brit. Med. J. 2:1030, Oct. 26, 1963. 

3M Medical Products, P.O. Box 2757, London, Canada. 
or leading Surgical Suppliers in your area. 



medical Products 




22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



P.O. 2757 LONDON, CANADA 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



dates 



September 11-22, 1967 

The Saskatchewan Human Relations 
Institute, sponsored by the Human 
Relations Council (Saskatchewan). 
For further information write: The 
Human Relations Council, 42 Lament 
Crescent, Regina, Saskatchewan. 

September 15-17, 1967 

70th Anniversary, Aberdeen 
Hospital School of Nursing, 
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Write : 
Mrs. Allison MacCulloch, R.R.#2, 
New Glasgow, Pictou Co., 
Nova Scotia. 

September 19-22, 1967 

10th Conference on Mental 
Retardation. Chateau Frontenac, 
Quebec City. For further information, 
write : Mrs. D.M. Scott, National 
Conference Chairman, 281 Huron 
Street, London, Ontario. 

September 23, 1967 

Ortho symposium on sex education 
for those involved in education or 
counselling. Royal York Hotel, 
Toronto, 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. 

Late September, 1967 

The Saskatoon City Hospital 
graduates in Eastern Ontario are 
planning a reunion in St. Catharines, 
Ontario. Would graduates of the 
school in Eastern Canada please 
send names, year of graduation, and 
addresses to : Miss Ruth Schinbein, 
West Lincoln Memorial Hospital, 
Grimsby, Ontario. 

October 4-5, 1967 

Association of Canadian Medical 
Colleges, Twenty-fifth Annual 
Meeting, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa, 
Ontario. 

October 8-11, 1967 

Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of the 
McGill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 3618 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 

October 24, 1967 

Joint annual meetings of Canadian 
Heart Foundation and the Canadian 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



Cardiovascular Society for nurses 
involved with coronary care units. 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 

October 24-27, 1967 

Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. 
Conducted by the Canadian Nurses 
Association. Location : School of 
Nursing, Regina General Hospital, 
Regina, Saskatchewan. 

October 21, 1967 

Eleventh Annual Symposium on 
Rehabilitation, sponsored by 
Rehabilitation Foundation for the 
Disabled and Ontario Society for 
Crippled Children, Inn-on-the-Park, 
Toronto. Write : Dr. D.A. Gibson, 
Suite 1028, 123 Edward St., 
Toronto 2, Ontario. 

October 21-22, 1967 

60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy 
Cross Hospital School of Nursing, 
Calgary, Alberta. 

October 21-22, 1967 

Catholic Hospital Conference of 
Ontario, annual meeting, King 
Edward Hotel, Toronto. 

October 22-25, 1967 

Ontario Hospital Association, Annual 
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 

October 25-27, 1967 

Annual Convention of Alberta 
Hospital Association, Northern 
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, 
Edmonton. 

November 7-9, 1967 

9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 

December 4-6, 1967 

First Canadian Conference on 
Hospital-Medical Staff Relations, 
sponsored jointly by the Canadian 
Medical Association, Canadian 
Hospital Association, Canadian 
Nurses Association, Seigniory Club, 
Montebello, Quebec. 

July, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association 
General Meeting, to be held in 
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 



Preferred by Nurses Everywhere. 1 




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169 Tailored all metal, 
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Waterproof NURSES WATCH 

Swiss made, raised silver full numerals, lurnin. mark 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
vertigo, anesthesia and 










V 



24 



there are so many reasons to remember 

Gravol 



Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate 
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup 
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol i/m (5 cc.) 50 mg. per cc. Full information available on request. 

FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED . MONTREAL, CANADA 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 




Medi-Prep 

(MARKET FORGE) 

Description Recent improvements to 
the Medi-Prep Medicine Station include ad 
ded flexibility, increased storage and work 
space, and improved narcotics/hypnotics 
cabinet. It is available with choice of re 
movable tiered shelves or adjustable flat 
shelves. The MP4 with three adjustable 
shelves is designed for use with individual 
compartment molded plastic trays and is 
also ideal for use with strip packaging and 
unit dose medication systems since the shelf 
spacing may be varied in 1/2" increments 
to adapt to any size dispensers. 

The MP4 Narcotics/Hypnotics cabinet is 
larger and has more shelves. The large cab 
inet is located at eye level. An outer lock 
ed door secures the hypnotics section. A 
second inner door with separate key secures 
the narcotics locker, with two adjustable 
shelves. Two bright red warning lights at 
the front of the Medi-Prep remain illumi 
nated until both narcotic cabinet doors are 
locked. 

The MP4 s under-counter storage space 
also -has been increased. Medi-Prep is avail 
able in three sizes and is manufactured in 
Canada. For additional information and 
new brochure, write to Market Forge Can 
ada Ltd., Room 2604, 800 Place Victoria, 
Montreal 3, Quebec. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



Catalog Available 

A catalog showing a complete line of 
restraints and safety devices recently has 
been released by the Humane Restraint 
Company. This new bulletin shows all of 
the units, and gives complete specifications, 
sizes, materials, and suggested uses. Includ 
ed in the catalog are descriptions of wrist 
lets and anklets for every possible use: 
operating table, obstetrics, light weight max 
imum security. A complete line of conduc 
tive nylon and cotton webbing safety belts, 
as well as shoulder-chest and waist belts, 
also are described. 

The catalog would be a handy reference 
bulletin as it is concise and detailed. For 
free copies write to : Humane Restraint 
Co. Box 16, 824 E. Johnson St., Madison, 
Wis. 53207, U.S.A. 

Silastic Catheter 

(DOW CORNING) 

Description A flexible, translucent, 
mushroom-head silicone elastomer catheter 
for prolonged or permanent indwelling 
drainage following cystostomies and ne- 
phrostomies. The Silastic medical-grade ca 
theter is designed with a flared distal end 
for easy attachment to standard drainage 
connectors, and a proximal end that fea 
tures a three-flute mushroom-shaped head. 

The catheter s nonwetting, silicone elas 
tomer surface minimizes encrustation arising 
from urinary calculi, assuring long-term 
patency. In addition, its nonirritating, non- 
adherent properties further contribute to 
patient comfort. 

Further information may be obtained by 
writing Dow Corning Silicones Limited, 1 
Tippet Rd., Downsview, P.O., Metropolitan 
Toronto, Ontario. 

Hoyer Patient Lifter 

(EVEREST & JENNINGS) 

Description A patient lifter easily 
operated by one person of normal strength. 
A few strokes of the hydraulic lifter raises 
the patient; a turn of the release knob 
does the lowering. Guide bars make the 
Lifter easy to steer from room to room. 
All models of this Hoyer Patient Lifter are 
safety rated at 450 pounds; the pump ro 
tates 180 degrees. A one-piece nylon sling 
is provided with the standard model. 

For further information on the Hoyer 
Patient Lifter or a catalogue illustrating 
wheelchairs, folding walkers, and other re 
habilitation equipment, write to Everst & 
Jennings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside 
Road, Don Mills, Ontario. 



Prognosticon 

(ORGANON) 

Description A two-minute slide test 
for pregnancy based on the immunologic 
detection of human chorionic gonadotropin 
(HCG), a hormone present in the urine of 
pregnant patients. The test is intended not 
only as a confirming test for pregnancy, 
but also as a routine screening test to rule 
out pregnancy in women of child-bearing 
age before instituting x-rays, drug therapy 
or other procedures that may be harmful to 
the developing fetus. A positive Pregnosti- 
con slide test practically always confirms 
pregnancy. In doubtful clinical cases, or 
those in which the physician requires an 
exact measurement of HCG, he may order 
the Prognosticon tube test from his clinical 
laboratory. 

The Prognosticon Slide Test kit is com 
pletely self-contained, including a filter unit, 
filter papers, urinary pipettes, stirrers, and a 
separate lift-out section for storing those 
components that require refrigeration. 

For information on procedure and tech 
nique, write to Organon Inc., 286 St. Paul 
Street West, Montreal, P.Q. 

Hollywood Chair 

(EVEREST & JENNINGS) 

Description This wheelchair comes 
with either standard foot rest or elevating 
leg rest, both being detachable and inter 
changeable. The elevating leg rest panels 
adjust individually for proper leg support 
and for length and elevation. Panels and 
foot rests fold inside for ease of entry and 
exit. These chairs offer versatility and are 
available in adult or junior sizes. 

For further information on the Holly 
wood chair (model 8XBA20-78-15) or a 
catalogue illustrating wheelchairs, folding 
walkers, patient lifters, and other rehabilita 
tion equipment, write to Everest & Jen 
nings Canadian Limited, 72 Railside Road, 
Don Mills, Ontario. 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Todays teenagers: 

the emotional ravages 

of acne may now be a 

thing of the past 




The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 

Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don t, because acne can affect psy 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 

Teachers know that the popular and out 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 

Now this may all be changed. Recent 



research has developed a chemical com 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor s direc 
tion and is obtainable only under pre 
scription. 

The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 

published as a public service by Frank W. 
Homer Limited. 



26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



in a capsule 



Beautiful working comrade 

There is a new campaign underway in 
the Soviet Union. It is something similar to 
our Royal Commission on the Status of 
Women only in reverse. 

Equality between the sexes has been ac 
complished so successfully in the Soviet 
Union that Ilya Selvinsky, a 68-year-old 
poet, has voiced concern. Writing in the 
Literary Gazette, the poet said, "We need 
an art that educates young boys to admire 
the miracle of beauty in women and [that 
encourages] young girls to aspire to imitate 
the examples of such beauty." 

He realizes that it may be hard at first 
for a construction worker to see past the 
grey overalls and heavy boots of the "work 
ing comrade" beside him and to see "the 
most beautiful creation of nature," but, 
says Mr. Selvinsky, it must be done. Just 
because Soviet women have legal equality 
with Soviet men does not mean the sexes 
should behave and be treated exactly alike, 
the magazine article points out. 

The poet was particularly critical of 
women in academic and technical profes 
sions who do not care how they look, ac 
cording to a report in the Globe and Mail. 
He accused them of dressing and behaving 
very much like men in the same jobs. 

If Soviet men are going to find it hard 
to see women as more than working com 
rades, the women may find it even harder. 
Under communism, women have tended to 
regard attention to clothes, makeup, and 
hairdos as a waste of time. They may also 
find it hard to give up the higher pay in 
construction just to remain feminine. 

Thin but curly 

Many dermatologists agree that there s an 
uptrend in the number of relatively young 
women whose hair is thinning in front (be 
tween the top of the head and the fore 
head), says Dr. F.F. Hellier, chief of der 
matology at The General Infirmary, Leeds, 
England, writing in Nursing Times. The 
cause? Several have been suggested, says 
the doctor, but the most likely cause is the 
widespread use of the tight hair rollers. 
RN, March, 1967. 

According to statistics 

Statistics show, on the average, Vassar 
graduates have 1.7 children while Yale 
graduates have 1.4 children. This proves 
that women have more children than men. 
Executive Briefings, April, 1967. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




Sim One, a computerized patient, looks, sounds, even acts like a real patient. 



Computerized patient 

No doubt Sim One would wrinkle his 
skin-colored, plastic brow and drop his 
hinged jaw if he heard the price 
$272,130. That was the amount of the 
grant from the Cooperative Research Pro 
ject of the U.S. Office of Education to the 
University of Southern California that made 
Sim One a reality. 

Sim One is a computer-controlled mani 
kin to be used as a patient-simulator for 
training resident physicians in anesthesio- 
logy. Drs. J.S. Denson and Stephen Abra- 
hamson of the University of Southern Cal 
ifornia, co-directors of the project, pro 
duced Sim One, the most complex medical 
teaching tool ever devised. 

Sim One looks real: skin-colored, tex 
tured plastic covers its frame; a hinged 
jaw permits the mouth to open and close; 
and inside the mouth are the usual tongue, 
teeth, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, vocal 
cords, trachea, and even bronchial tubes. 
He sounds real too: heart and artery 
sounds are generated electronically and are 
presented through an appropriately placed 
stethoscope. 

The manikin even acts real: electronic 
systems drive mechanical actions to simu 
late the symptoms and physiological res 
ponses an anesthesiologist may encounter 
during an actual operation. Further, Sim 



One is programmed to provide appropriate 
responses to the injection of four different 
drugs, administered in varying dosages, as 
well as to the administration of both ni 
trous-oxide and oxygen. Its programming 
causes it to respond exactly as a human pa 
tient would to many and varied stimuli 
and drugs. 

"The educational potential of the simu 
lator is enormous," declared Dr. Abraham- 
son. "Not only is the system designed to 
allow us to halt the procedure at any time, 
but we can also call upon the computer for 
a print-out of precisely what has taken 
place up to that point." 

Mod Clothes Create Modern Ailment 

Its victims are usually young, but the 
disease is rarely fatal. It is the new "mini- 
malady," characterized by sore stomachs 
and caused by tight-waisted mod pants and 
mini skirts. 

Particularly susceptible to this annoy 
ing and embarrassing illness, says a British 
medical journal, are guitar players, who 
not only wear the mod styles but get extra 
aches from holding guitars too close to the 
stomach. 

So far, no complaints from the big re 
cording groups - - they re only worried 
about slipped discs and falling hair, reports 
Canadian Doctor, in a recent issue. Q 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 




e JP8P y ur students lor confrontation 

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The new 2nd edition of this stimulating textbook has been 
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Emphasizing the psychological aspects of gynecologic nursing 
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28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



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SEPTEMBER 1967 




Prenatal care and infant 
mortality among 
Canadian Indians 

Prenatal care is accepted almost without question as beneficial to both mother and 
child. It is one of those things that seems to be self-evident, clearly wise, and, 
therefore, bound to be a "good thing." Few studies have been done to show a 
definite relationship, however. This article reports on one such study. 



C. Graham-Cumming, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., D.T.M., F.R.S.H. 



Maternal and infant mortality has 
steadily declined as the quality and 
quantity of care given during pregnan 
cy has increased. This would seem to 
be evidence enough to confirm the re 
lationship between prenatal care and 
improved maternal and infant mortal 
ity; but, in fact, few controlled studies 
have been undertaken to demonstrate 
and measure the real difference such 
care actually makes. A study under 
taken in 1962 of child health among 
Canadian Indians may be of interest. 
It was made as an attempt to identify 
factors maintaining the high infant 
mortality rate that persists among In 
dians. The observations that follow 
constitute only a fraction of the total 
study, which has been published by 
the Department of National Health 
and Welfare under the title Survey of 
Maternal and Child Health of Cana 
dian Registered Indians, 1962. 

Method of Study 

In 1962 an attempt was made to 
follow every Indian child born between 
January 1 and December 31 from 
birth for a period of at least 12 
months or until previous death. Not 
only was anything that happened to 
the child noted but also as much as 
possible of what had happened to the 
mother during pregnancy, the circum- 

Dr. Graham-Cumming is Medical Liai 
son Officer of the Medical Services Branch 
of the Department of National Health and 
Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario. 



stances of the birth, and the conditions 
at home. 

It proved impossible to locate and 
follow every birth registered. Actually, 
5,598 births were reported, of which 
5,552 were live births and 46 still 
births. The difference between the 
mortality experienced by infants born 
to mothers who had received varying 
degrees of prenatal care and instruc 
tion and that experienced by infants of 
mothers who had no prenatal care or 
instruction was quite dramatic. 

Infant mortality among Canadian 
Indians has been dropping steadily and 
with increasing rapidity but still re 
mains at twice the national rate, as the 
following table shows. 

Table 1 

Canadian Indian Other Canadian 



Year 


Infant Mortality* 


Infant Mortality* 


1956 


96 


32 


1957 


85 


31 


1958 


86 


30 


1959 


75 


28 


1960 


79 


27 


1961 


76 


27 


1962 


75 


28 


1963 


70 


26 


1964 


62 


25 


1965 


48 


24 


*per 


1000 live births 





SEPTEMBER 1967 



The Canadian rates are derived 
from the reports of the Dominion Bu 
reau of Statistics; the Indian rates are 
estimated by the Medical Services of 
the Department of National Health 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



Table 2 
Duration of Prenatal Care and Associated Infant Mortality 



and Welfare. The Indian infant mor 
tality rate decreased by 50 percent in 
the decade reported above but was 
still twice the national rate in 1965. In 
the year of study, 1962, it stood at 75 
per 1000 live births, based on deaths 
of children under 12 months during 
that calendar year and the number of 
live births registered during the same 
period. 

Among the sample of 5,552 live 
births studied that year and followed 
until December 31, 1963, there were 
444 deaths, giving an infant mortal 
ity rate of just under 80 per 1000 live 
births. 

Influence of prenatal care 

Prenatal services are offered to Ca 
nadian Indians at departmental health 
centers and nursing stations staffed by 
public health nurses, at a number of 
clinics established in connection with 
various hospitals, and in the offices of 
private physicians in practice in com 
munities adjacent to reserves. Special 
financial agreement is made for the 
latter. 

Pregnant Indian women increasingly 
avail themselves of these services but 
many still show reluctance or apathy 
toward them and the majority of 
women still report only late in preg 
nancy. Some report early in pregnan 
cy then fail to return. In the 1962 sur 
vey, it was possible to classify the 
mothers into six main categories and 
note the associated mortality among 
their children. The categories were : 
mothers who were known never to 
have had any prenatal care; mothers 
who were not known to have had any, 
but were unlikely to have had any; 
mothers who had prenatal care early 
in pregnancy and regularly throughout; 
mothers who had had regular care dur 
ing the later months of pregnancy; 
mothers who had reported only at the 
last minute and received only minimal 
care; and, finally, mothers who had 
reported early but had not returned for 
continuing supervision. Table 2 shows 
the association of prenatal care with 
infant mortality. 

Mothers who received no prenatal 
care lost over 10 percent of their chil 
dren (based on live births); mothers 
who received prenatal care for the full 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Duration of prenatal supervision 


Number 


of births 


Mortality 


Mortality Rates 




Total 


Live 


Still 


Died in 


Still 


Infant 








born 


first year 


births 


deaths 












per 


per 












1,000 


1,000 












total 


live 












births 


births 


All three trimesters 


659 


655 


4 


25 


6 


38 


Second and third trimesters 


990 


984 


6 


50 


6 


51 


Subtotal well supervised 


1,649 


1,639 


10 


75 


6 


46 


1st or 2nd or 1st & 2nd trimesters 














only (dropouts) 


194 


191 


3 


17 


15 


89 


3rd trimesters (57 women) only or 














1st and 3rd trimesters (late) 


1,145 


1,137 


8 


78 


7 


69 


subtotal late or irregularly 














supervised 


1,339 


1,328 


;; 


95 


8 


72 


Known not to have been supervised 


584 


577 


7 


61 


12 


106 


Not known to have been supervised 


2,026 


2,008 


18 


213 


9 


106 


subtotal probably not supervised 


2,610 


2,585 


25 


274 


10 


106 


Grand total 


5,598 


5,552 


46 


444 


8 


80 



Source: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Registered Indians 1962, Table 17 

Table 3 
Attendance at Prenatal Classes and Associated Infant Mortality 



duration of attendance at prenatal 


Number 


of births 


Mortality 


Mortality Rates 


classes 


Total 


Live 


Still 


Died in 


Still 


Infant 








born 


first year 


births 


deaths 












per 


per 












1,000 


1,000 












total 


live 












births 


births 


All three trimesters 


679 


674 


5 


38 


7 


56 


Second and third trimesters 


1,024 


1,018 


6 


53 


6 


52 


Subtotal of regular attenders 


1,703 


1,692 


11 


91 


6 


54 


Attended briefly in 1st, 2nd, or 1st 














& 2nd trimesters only (dropouts) 


260 


257 


3 


20 


12 


78 


Attended in 3rd trimester 














(62 women) only or briefly also 














in 1st (late) 


1,346 


1,338 


8 


100 


6 


75 


Subtotal attending late or 














irregularly 


1,606 


7,595 


11 


120 


7 


75 


Known not to have attended 


497 


492 


5 


52 


10 


106 


Not known ever to have attended 


1,792 


1,773 


19 


181 


11 


102 


Subtotal probably never attended 


2,289 


2,265 


24 


233 


10 


103 


Grand Total 


5,598 


5,552 


46 


444 


8 


80 



Source: Survey of Maternal and Child Health of Canadian Regittered Indian*, 1962, Table 19. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



duration of their pregnancy lost only 
3.8 percent. Mothers who had attend 
ed prenatal clinics regularly for the 
greater period of their pregnancy lost 
5 percent of their children (based on 
live births), but mothers who had at 
tended late or irregularly lost 7 per 
cent. Mothers who had reported early 
but failed to continue to attend lost 9 
percent of their children (based on 
live births). Actually there is no true 
statistical difference between the mor 
tality rate for this group and that of 
the group not having any supervision; 
in other words, it can be said that 
those mothers who dropped out reaped 
no benefit whatever. 

Mortality among the children of 
mothers who had continuous supervi 
sion from the first trimester was vir 
tually half that experienced among 
children whose mothers reported only 
in the third trimester. Even in that 
group of late comers, the infant mor 
tality rate was significantly less than 
among the children of mothers who 
did not have any supervision. 

There was also a significant differ 
ence in the stillbirth rates, although 
undoubtedly stillbirths had been poor 
ly reported. 

Child care classes 

In addition to prenatal examination 
and advice by a physician, nurses con 
ducted classes in the care of infants 
and preparation for their arrival. Reg 
ular, late, sporadic, a few brief ap 
pearances early in pregnancy, or com 
plete nonattendance also were asso 
ciated with differences in mortality 
rates. Much the same findings resulted. 
Obviously mothers who attended these 
classes would be the mothers most 
readily persuaded to attend prenatal 
clinics for examination by a physician. 
Table 3 sets out the association found. 
Again, regular attendance during 
the greater part of pregnancy was as 
sociated with a 5 percent loss of in 
fant life and a relatively low stillbirth 
rate. Nonattendance was associated 
with over 10 percent loss of infant life 
and a much higher stillbirth rate. Spor 
adic or late attendance was associated 
with nearly 8 percent loss of infant 
life. 

It cannot be argued that mere at- 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




tendance at these classes affected the 
reduction in mortality rates. The type 
of woman who would attend such clin 
ics regularly would be the more con 
scientious type of mother and therefore 
the kind of woman most likely to learn 
and benefit from advice given. The 
erratic attenders would tend to be the 
more casual type of woman and non- 
attenders could be indifferent or biased 
against modern methods and "new 
ways." 

In a concomitant study of the ages 
of mothers attending these clinics and 
classes, it was revealed that the major 
ity of nonattenders were older multi- 
parous women; nearly all the regular 
attenders were young married women 
having their first or second baby. 

The greater number of those who 
attended at all, however, fell into the 
category of late corners who reported 
only late in the third trimester and 
appeared to reap relatively much less 



benefit although they did benefit in 
comparison with the nonattenders. 

Summary 

In 1962, only some 30 percent of 
Indian mothers were making good use 
of available prenatal services. About 
the same number could be said to 
make fair use of services. The remain 
ing 40 percent made little use of these 
services, many, none at all. For the 
most part, these were as readily avail 
able to them as to the others. It was 
among the latter group that the highest 
infant mortality was found. Infant 
mortality among the group that made 
really adequate use of the services 
available actually was not greatly in 
excess of the Canadian infant mortal 
ity rate in 1962, which, as shown in 
Table 1, was 28. 

The 2,610 mothers who did not at 
tend prenatal clinics lost 274 of their 
babies (born alive), whereas the 2,988 
who did have some degree of atten 
tion lost only 170 of their infants. The 
2,289 women who never attended a 
prenatal instruction class lost 233 of 
their live born children, as against 211 
lost by the 3,309 women who attend 
ed at least one class. 

Failure to make use of available 
services would appear to be one major 
factor in maintaining the high Indian 
infant mortality rate. The evidence 
would also seem to indicate that, 
among Canadian Indians, prenatal ser 
vices are decidedly effective in reduc 
ing infant mortality. The effect is in 
direct proportion to the extent and 
duration of utilization. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 




Homelike Equipment for Hospital 

"It s just like the Jolly Jumper I 
have at home," this young patient 
seems to be whispering to the nurse. 
The nurse, too, seems happy that her 
young patient is able to take an in 
terested and active part in ward af 
fairs. Even treatments do not seem 
to ruffle the atmosphere. 

The Jumpers have a medical func 
tion as well. They serve to stimulate 
babies with congested chests and pro 
vide exercise to help loosen secretions 
before the infants are postured and 
"pummelled" to help them cough. 

Use of homelike equipment helps 
very young patients adjust to hospital, 
prevents boredom, and allows them to 
be active rather than confined to crib. 
The Winnipeg Children s Hospital de 
partments have a good supply of home 
items that free mothers from constant 
"baby-tending," and that work equal 
ly well as "nurse-savers." Mrs. G. 
Steiman, Nursing Supervisor, The 
Children s Hospital of Winnipeg. 




Pediatric Art Contest 

An art contest for pediatric pa 
tients produces happy ward participa 
tion, good publicity, and a Christmas 
card for our hospital. 

Our Christmas Card Contest started 
a few years ago to help us find a 
children s card that we could designate 
as the hospital s official card and sell 
in the Christmas Card shop run by 
our Women s Auxiliary. 

Hospitalized children prepare and 
submit their entries and these are 
displayed in the hospital foyer in the 
late spring. A distinguished set of 
judges, usually well-known artists, 
and, last year, the director of the 



Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, re 
view the entries and chose a winner. 
The judging receives good publicity 
in the press and on TV, and this helps 
sell the cards later. All proceeds come 
to the hospital, of course. Winners 
receive appropriate prizes, and you 
can be sure there are many consola 
tion prizes. 

The contest is now a Montreal 
Children s Hospital tradition. It is 
eagerly looked forward to by staff and 
small patients alike. - - Mrs. Phyllis 
Lee Peterson, Public Relations Officer, 
The Montreal Children s Hospital, 
Montreal, Quebec. 



32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



idea 
exchange 




Toothbrush and Suction Combined 

To give good oral hygiene and 
clean a patient s teeth thoroughly, the 
nurse usually prefers to use a tooth 
brush and tooth paste. If the patient s 
condition is such that he is unable 
to expectorate, it is difficult to do 
this procedure properly. We have de 
vised a method of removing the fluids 
while the teeth are being cleaned. 

A soft-bristled toothbrush is fitted 
with a #18 straight suction catheter 
(see diagram). A hole is drilled 
through the toothbrush and the suc 
tion catheter is threaded through the 
openings and extended past the 
bristles. A plastic Y connector joins 
the catheter to the suction apparatus. 
The procedure is carried out in the 
usual manner and the fluids are re 
moved by suctioning. Gentleness must 
be exercised both for the comfort of 
the patient and for the protection of 
the mucous membrane. 

This method has been of assistance 
in giving oral hygiene to patients with 
a low level of conciousness. It is also 
useful in a case of fractured mand 
ible when the upper and lower jaws 
are wired together for immobilization 
of the fracture. - - Miss Jessie F. 
Young, Supervisor, Neurosurgical Nur 
sing, Toronto General Hospital, To 
ronto, Ontario. 



SEPTEMBER 1967 




Instant Inventory 

A helpful trick to maintain neat 
ness, keep necessary instruments on 
hand, and minimize loss of equipment 
is an idea we call "instant inventory" 

a hint borrowed from garage work 
benches. Rough outlines of items are 
painted on shelves and in drawers. A 
quick glance, and you know what is 
missing. 

Embossed labels on shelf doors and 
drawers also help staff to locate items 
quickly. To help inventory procedures 
and make restocking possible even by 
relief auxiliary staff, each label gives 
the standard quota for that item. 

These two small tricks help supply- 
room personnel to provide profes 
sional staff with what they need, where 
they need it, and when they need it. 

Mrs. Phyllis Waselenchuk, CSR 
Head Nurse, Bethesda General Hos 
pital, Steinbach, Manitoba. 




"Swap Day" 

This spring, our regular supervisor- 
head nurse meeting took on the at 
mosphere and appearance of a rum 
mage sale - - with two differences: 
everything was for exchange rather 
than for sale, and all the articles 
were hospital equipment. The idea of 
"Swap Day" to exchange equipment 
between head nurses is not original, 
but it was the first time we had tried 
it and results were most gratifying. 

Because of the gradual growth and 
change in size and services in our 
hospital, the census, ages, and con 
ditions of patients assigned to various 
units had changed. Yet, equipment of 
ten remained where first located, even 
though it was no longer in use. 

Our director of nursing suggested 
that each head nurse bring all unused 
but usable equipment to this meeting. 
The result was a surprisingly wide 
assortment of hospital equipment, 
ranging from a spare movie reel and 
a baby tenda to commodes and desk 
blotters. Perhaps the most common 
articles were assorted sizes of treat 
ment trays and bowls and lifting for 
ceps and their containers. Two pre 
cious wheelchairs for children turned 
up on a ward now caring for toddlers. 
A grill-pan was claimed by an imagin 
ative supervisor to decorate and con 
vert into an attractive planter. 

Only two or three items were left 
at the close of the exchange. We had 
shared the fun of "bargain day," and 
equipment that had been lying idle 
was once more put to good use. 
Miss Helen A. Saunders, Inservice 
Education Supervisor, Royal Jubilee 
Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



A need for approval 



Handicapped children have a strong desire for social approval and acceptance. 
The nurse must recognize that her own needs for social approval and acceptance 
may inhibit her efforts to encourage her patients to function independently. 



Joav Gozali, Ph.D., and Helen Moogk, B.N., M.A. 




The nurse s words of encouragement to this little girl, 
will be more helpful than physical assistance. 



34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



Karen is ten years old, a small 
girl with a big warm smile. She has 
a congenital defect; this seriously lim 
its her walking. She has learned to 
walk with crutches but will never walk 
unaided. Miss Marden is a nurse, 
working at a summer camp for handi 
capped children. She was accustomed 
to children in hospital, but not cer 
tain how she would get along with 
them in a summer camp. 

Miss Marden met Karen on the first 
day of camp, at a craft class where 
the girls were making containers for 
hair-rollers by covering plastic jars 
with colored cloth. Karen came over 
to Miss Marden, who was watching 
the group, grabbed her hand and ask 
ed her to come to see her work. Miss 
Marden was pleased at this, and sat 
down by Karen and inspected her 
work. Karen was having a difficult 
time, her stitches were uneven, the 
cloth soiled and wrinkled. 

Miss Marden took the material, and 
tried to fix it, and Karen was delight 
ed with the help. When the hour end 
ed, Karen had a pretty box, finished 
by Miss Marden. Karen showed it to 
the other children, saying, "She s a 
nice nurse, look what she did for me 
. . . she s my friend." Miss Marden 
felt a glow of satisfaction at having 
given this pleasure to Karen, and she 
helped Karen move on to her next 
activity. 

Taking the easy way 

With many handicapped individ 
uals, it is often easier for the nurse 
to do things for them, rather than to 
help them in the difficult process of 

Miss Moogk is a lecturer in the School 
for Graduate Nurses, McGill University, 
Montreal. She is a graduate of the Hospital 
for Sick Children, Toronto, and has her 
B.N. from McGill and her M.A. from New 
York University. Dr. Gozali is director of 
research of the Curriculum Research and 
Development Center in Mental Retardation, 
Ferkauf Graduate School of Humanities 
and Social Sciences, Yeshiva University, 
New York City, New York, U.S.A. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



helping themselves. With the best of 
will, an attendant may, for example, 
feed a child with cerebral palsy, in 
preference to the long and often un 
tidy process of letting him feed him 
self. This problem is further com 
plicated by the subtle interaction when 
the patient encourages and rewards 
the nurse for being so helpful and 
doing things for him. 

Patient-nurse interaction patterns 
should be observed as a dynamic and 
complex system. Much of the dy 
namism and complexity is caused by 
conflict. Efficient hospital care may 



conflict with independent function. 
Immediate reward may contradict 
long-term goals. Some of these ob 
servations are readily identified in the 
story of Karen and her nurse. 

To ameliorate or modify effects of 
handicaps on overall development, 
many institutions and groups caring 
for the handicapped child plan a pro 
gram of care that considers all aspects 
of growth and development and not 
simply the treatment of the disability. 
Thus, orthopedic treatment wards may 
also provide schooling, occupational 
and diversional therapy. The child s 




The nurse may be tempted to feed a handicapped child. 
Yet her aim must be to develop independent action. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



family is involved in his care both 
in hospital and at home. Other com 
munity groups provide services at 
tempting to increase the range of ac 
tivities available to the handicapped. 

This movement has been identified 
as patient-centered treatment. It fos 
ters and amplifies abilities rather than 
disabilities. Within this conceptual 
framework, nurses try to stress the 
development of independence in these 
children, within the limits set by their 
conditions. 

Research on personality develop 
ment in handicapped children has pro 
duced some inconsistent and contra 
dictory findings. 1 Some studies have 
identified specific personality differ 
ences between handicapped and non- 
handicapped children. Others show no 
such differences. Connor summed up 
what other workers also had found: 
"Essentially, children with motor dis 
abilities are not very different from 
others. Their psycho-social handicaps 
result, for the most part, from the 
impact of society s reaction to physical 
deviation, and from the child s inter 
pretation of this reaction to his limit 
ations, and from discrepancies be 
tween his aspirations and capacities." 2 

Study effects of hospitalization 

A study was undertaken to identify 
the effects of long-term hospitalization 
on the disabled child s need for social 
approval. It was hypothesized that 
handicapped children will tend to de 
scribe themselves as having socially 
desirable characteristics, and will de 
pend much more than non-handicap 
ped children on other people s evalu 
ation and approval. 

Twenty-two children hospitalized 
with orthopedic handicaps were se 
lected for the study. Criteria for the 
selection were: age eight to twelve 
years; not less than six months hos 
pitalization; physical disability (either 
congenital or present from an early 
age); and average intelligence. 

Ten boys and 1 2 girls were selected, 
with a mean age of 10.6 years. Diag 
noses included club feet, anomalies 
of the hands, and arthrogryposis. 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



A special Children s Social Desir 
ability Questionnaire 3 was used. It 
measures a child s tendency to give 
socially desirable responses to state 
ments representing middle-class norms 
and values. The questions are so word 
ed that the child can answer them 
in a socially acceptable way only by 
dissembling. The questionnaire con 
sists of 47 Yes-No items, such as 
"Do you sometimes tell a little lie?" 
or "Are you always polite to older 
people?" By answering "No" to the 
first question and "Yes" to the second, 
the individual may hope to present 
himself as socially desirable. The ques 
tionnaire was administered orally in 
individual sessions. In most cases, 
questions were read to the child, who 
was in his hospital bed. Group scores 
ranged from 8 to 41, with 29.27 and 
a standard deviation of 9.11. 

Scores were summarized and com 
pared with normative data of groups 
in grades three, four, and five. Find 
ings showed that institutionalized 
children tended to depend consider 
ably more on the approval of others 
than did the non-institutionalized 
groups. Furthermore, the handicapped 
child tended to score more like the 
younger non-handicapped student. Ac 
cording to Crandall, children who 
have these high scores on the ques 
tionnaire may be those who are shy, 
withdrawn, unsure of themselves in 
social situations, lacking in self-con 
fidence concerning their own social 
skills, and with a low sense of per 
sonal worth. 4 This type of personality 
profile is the exact opposite of what 
is aimed for in patient-centered care 
of the handicapped child. 

Implications for nursing 

What implications would this have 
for nurses and others caring for hand 
icapped children? 

First, nurses must be aware that 
these children may tend to do things 
to please and to gain approval; they 
may accept ministrations gratefully to 
please us. This may hinder efforts 
to encourage the child to act for him 
self, to make independent decisions, 



and to learn to direct his own course 
of action. Second, one of the harder 
tasks in learning to be a nurse is 
learning to differentiate the therapeutic 
nursing role from a friendly, social 
one. The nurse has to gradually learn 
to make decisions concerning care 
needed by her patients to help them 
move toward optimum health and in 
dependence. 

The illustration of Karen and Miss 
Marden shows the way nurses and pa 
tients may reinforce in each other be 
havior that increases the child s de 
pendency. The child s gratitude and his 
affectionate attachment to the nurse 
are pleasing to the person who wants 
to comfort and care for others, and 
who wants appreciation for her efforts. 

With handicapped children, nurses 
must consider the possibility that chil 
dren s behavior may be motivated by 
their need to be accepted and to gain 
approval. There is need for constant 
awareness of the meaning of one s 
own behavior, with the goal of en 
couraging in the children independent 
action, self-care, and free expression 
of their own feelings and ideas about 
themselves and their world. 

References 

l.Prtngle, M.L. Kelmer. The emotional 
and social adjustment of physically hand 
icapped children. Educational Research, 
vol. XI, no. 3, June 1964, p.207. 

2. Connor, Francis P. The education of 
crippled children. Education of Excep 
tional Children and Youth. Englewood 
Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1958, 
p.436. 

3. Crandall, Virginia C., Crandall, Vaughn 
J. and Katkovsky, W. A children s social 
desirability questionnaire. Consult. Psy- 
chol. vol. XXIX, no. 1, February 1965. 
p.27 

4. Ibid. D 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



Epistaxis 



Bleeding from the nose is a common form of hemorrhage. The nurse must know 
the cause and source of bleeding as well as the appropriate methods of treatment. 



The nurse responsible for initiating 
treatment for the person with epistaxis 
has to evaluate the condition. If the 
bleeding is minor, she can cope with it 
herself; if it is severe, she will assist 
with the prescribed treatment. 

Common causes 

Trauma is the most common cause 
of epistaxis. Minor or severe bleeding 
can result from nasal contusion; for 
eign bodies in the nose; overzealous 
blowing of the nose; severe sneezing; 
nasal surgery; too forceful inhalation; 
and the inhalation of substances that 
irritate the mucous membrane. 

Non-traumatic causes of epistaxis 
include blood disorders, such as hemo 
philia and leukemia. In these instances, 
severe bleeding is a complication of 
the disease. Diffuse bleeding from the 
nasal membrane occurs, but without 



spontaneous hemostasis. 

Persons with hypertension and arte 
riosclerosis are particularly susceptible 
to nasal bleeding. The popular belief 
that this is a factor in preventing a 
cerebrovascular accident is without 
foundation. When an individual is over 
50 years of age and has poor circula 
tion as a result of arteriosclerosis, 
blood loss can lead to a decrease in 
arterial tension with subsequent myo- 
cardial infarction. 

Certain localized infections, such as 
rhinitis, sinusities, and nasopharyngitis, 
may be accompanied by epistaxis. 
Contagious diseases, such as scarlet 



This article was written by a group of in 
structors and students in the medical-sur 
gical nursing care course at L Institut Mar 
guerite d Youville, Montreal, Quebec. 



fever, smallpox, measles, and whoop 
ing cough also may predispose to se 
vere nasal bleeding. 

Epistaxis also may result from cer 
tain types of gas poisoning; rapid de 
compression in caissons; and atmo 
spheric pressure changes, such as those 
encountered at high altitudes. Low hu 
midity may cause drying of the mu 
cous membrane, which then becomes 
fragile and more prone to bleeding. 
Allergies, new growths, intranasal fib 
roma, angioma, and ulceration of the 
septum are additional causes of nasal 
bleeding. 

The amount of blood loss varies ac 
cording to the cause. Minor epistaxis 
is characterized by steady dripping 
from one nostril. A profuse flow of 
blood from both nostrils, which may 
occur in nasal fracture or blood dys- 
crasia, is indicative of severe epistaxis. 







SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




Anterior packing 




Posterior packing 



Site of hemorrhage 

Epistaxis occurs when there are 
breaks in the walls of the capillaries 
or arterial branches that supply the 
nasal septum. The lesions are usually 
located in the anterior or posterior 
nares. 

In 90 percent of cases, nasal bleed 
ing stems from local erosion of the 
wall of a varicosed blood vessel in 
Kiesselbach s area. This is a highly 
vascular section of the nasal mucosa 
located on the lower anterior nasal 
septum. The external carotid is usually 
the source of the bleeding, and the 
flow tends to be light in most cases. 

When bleeding arises from the pos 
terior part of the nose, it is difficult 
to pinpoint the exact site. The blood 
flow is more profuse than in lesions 
of the anterior nares, and generally 
is through the inferior meatus. It 
originates either from the external or 
internal carotid, or from the anterior 



38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ethmoidal artery. 

Bleeding from the paranasal sinuses 
may accompany certain types of cere 
bral trauma or neoplasms. Blood dys- 
crasias may result in generalized bleed 
ing from the nasal membrane. 

Treatment and nursing care 

The objectives are to prevent exces 
sive cellular anoxia and shock. The 
brain, heart, and kidneys are partic 
ularly vulnerable to anoxia and vas 
cular hypotension. Prevention of shock 
is of prime concern in the treatment 
of severe epistaxis, and there is equal 
physiological justification for giving 
careful attention to minor bleeding. 

Minor epistaxis 

Inducing hemostasis by digital pres 
sure on the bleeding vessels is a basic 
principle in the treatment of minor 
epistaxis. The patient should be seated 
in an armchair, if possible, since the 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



arm rests support him in a forward 
leaning position. This helps to prevent 
blood swallowing or aspiration, and 
also favors cerebral circulation. (If the 
blood flow is through both the anterior 
and posterior orifices, some blood may 
trickle into the pharynx, be swallowed, 
and later vomited as it clots.) 

A sitting position decreases the 
oxygen needs of the tissues, thus 
delaying the development of anoxia 
in the vital organs. It also di 
minishes the blood supply and the 
blood pressure at the bleeding point. 
Tight collars, neckties, and necklaces 
should be loosened or removed so 
that the neck is free from all cons 
traint. Firm pressure is exterted on the 
bleeding nostril, compressing it against 
the nasal septum. This is done by the 
nurse or by the patient himself. 

During this initial phase of treat 
ment, the nurse questions the patient 
about the origin and duration of bleed 
ing; the general state of his health; 
any treatment that he is presently re 
ceiving; and history of previous bleed 
ing. She also notes his reaction to the 
room temperature and gives him more 
air as necessary, while protecting him 
against chilling. She reassures him, re 
membering that what is done is more 
comforting than what is said. 

The nose is then gently cleansed. 
Clots are removed so that the bleeding 
point can be definitely pinpointed. The 
patient is instructed to breathe deeply 
and slowly through his mouth while 
pressure is exerted on the nostril. Ice 
compresses to his forehead and across 
the bridge of his nose help to reduce 
the blood supply at the site and also 
encourage vasoconstriction. After five 
minutes of digital pressure, the nostril 
is gradually released. The patient is 
told not to inhale through his nose 
or sniff since this may dislodge the 
clot at the bleeding point. 

A hemostatic tampon soaked in hy 
drogen peroxide or adrenalin hydro- 
chloride 1:1000 may be ordered for 
insertion into the bleeding nostril prior 
to exerting digital pressure. 

The nurse should teach the patient 
how to control the bleeding himself 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



by having him apply pressure on the 
soft part of the nose. She emphasizes 
the importance and need of consulting 
a doctor if epistaxis recurs and if 
bleeding increases in severity with re 
peated attacks. She suggests the inclu 
sion of bloods high in vitamin C in his 
daily diet. 

Severe epistaxis 

If bleeding is persistent, the nurse 
notifies the doctor. Anterior rhinos- 
copy and examination of the oro- 
pharynx are carried out to assist in 
localizing the bleeding point. Treat 
ment may include packing, cauteriza 
tion, or ligation of the blood vessels 
supplying the site. 

Persistent bleeding from the ante 
rior part of the nasal septum requires 
aspiration of blood and clots followed 
by packing. A wick soaked in a he 
mostatic solution is introduced into the 
nasal fossa through the nostril and 
packed in folds from back to front. 
The end of the wick is fastened to the 
outside of the nostril so that the pack 
cannot escape into the pharynx. The 
packing remains in place for about 48 
hours, but no longer, because of the 
danger of infection. Antibiotic therapy 
is used in conjunction with this treat 
ment. A sedative is prescribed to re 
lieve the patient s discomfort and 
anxiety. 

The patient is instructed to avoid 
sneezing or blowing his nose for some 
time after the removal of the packing. 
A greasy preparation is applied to the 
mucous membrane of the nostril for 
one week to avoid drying. 

The nurse observes the patient s 
reaction to the bleeding and treatment, 
attemps to create an atmosphere that 
will help him cope with his problems, 
whatever they may be: headache, res 
piratory difficulty, fear of persistent 
bleeding, weakness, infection. 

The site of bleeding is difficult to 
determine when bleeding is from the 
posterior part of the nose. Since the 
usual treatment to produce hemostasis 
consists of inserting a postnasal pack, 
the patient generally is admitted to 
hospital. 



A rubber catheter is directed 
through the nose and drawn out the 
mouth. The postnasal pack, which has 
two strings at one end and one at 
the other, is attached to the end of the 
catheter. The catheter is then with 
drawn through the nose, pulling the 
strings and pack into the nasopharynx. 

The two strings are tied around 
gauze at the outside of the nostril; the 
single thread is allowed to hang down 
into the pharynx, and later is used 
to withdraw the pack. The anterior 
nares usually are packed with gauze 
that has been impregnated with an an 
tibiotic ointment. 

The nurse must be aware of all pos 
sible problems. She checks the position 
of the strings on the packing to be 
sure that they have not slipped out 
of position. If this happens, there will 
be inadequate pressure on the bleed 
ing point; the pack will simply absorb 
the blood and aggravate the condition. 
In addition, the nurse must remember 
that patients undergoing this treatment 
are subject to fainting spells. 

The removal of the pack requires 
even greater care than its insertion. 
The blood coagulates around the pack, 
forming a firm mass that adheres to 
the mucous membrane. The pack is 
withdrawn slowly and carefully to 
avoid hemorrhage. After its removal 
the patient is kept under observation 
for at least 24 hours. 

Cauterization is another method of 
treatment. Either a silver nitrate stick, 
trichloracetic crystals, or an electric 
cautery may be used. 

Summary 

Minor epistaxis usually can be con 
trolled by digital pressure and has 
very few after-effects. Treatment may 
be left in the hands of the nurse. 
Severe nasal bleeding involves a much 
more complicated program of treat 
ment, such as packing, cauterization, 
or ligation. Anterior packing is used 
to induce hemostasis in the forepart 
of the nasal septum. Anterior and 
posterior packing are used in combin 
ation when the bleeding originates 
from the back of the nose. Q 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



It s total patient care 
at expo 67 clinics 



In mid-July, a member of the editorial staff made a special tour of Expo hospital 
facilities and talked to several nurses to find out what it is like to work at 
the big fair. 



"Nursing at Expo is a wonderful 
way to see the world sort of a 
world tour in miniature." This is the 
opinion of Claire Rivet, head nurse 
at the Clinic on La Ronde at Expo 
67, Montreal. "It s interesting, excit 
ing, and stimulating," she said, "but 
it s really nursing, as well. True, we 
don t have many really seriously ill 
patients and we do stitch up a lot 




of split seams in the tight pants that 
kids wear, hang clothes to dry, and 
see people who just want to rest a 
while! But all the accidents are 
special and very troublesome to the 
people concerned. We are a special 
help to families in some instances." 
Four modern, 10-bed clinics are 
set up on the Expo 67 grounds, one 
on each of the islands. Each is run as 



a department connected to one of four 
large Montreal Hospitals: the only 
permanent clinic, the one on La Ron 
de, to Hopital Maisonneuve; the one 
near the main entrance on Cite du 
Havre, to The Montreal General; the 
clinic on He Ste-Helene, to Hopital 
Notre-Dame; and the He Notre-Dame 
clinic, to the Royal Victoria Hospital. 
Three of the clinics are open for 





16 hours a day; one is open the full 
24 hours. As all maintainance work, 
cleaning, and deliveries are done at 
night (more than 4,000 trucks enter 
the site between the 2:30 A.M. closing 
and the 9:30 A.M. opening), this 24- 
hour health service is necessary for 
the protection of staff. 

Expo requires each clinic to have 
on duty at all times a doctor (a res 
ident or one of the general practi- 

Left: The Clinic at La Ronde, which 
contains offices for Expo 67 officials, 
is the only permanent clinic building. 
Nearby is the security section where 
Expo police, fire, and rescue squads 
are on hand. 

Right, top to bottom: Claire Rivet, a 
graduate of Hopital Maisonneuve and 
head nurse of the Clinic at La Ronde, 
admits a "patient." The volunteer "pa 
tient," Helene Gauthier, is a student in 
architecture. She is employed at Expo 
67 as a secretary-clerk for the clinic. 

Dr. Bernhard Richer, a resident in 
surgery at Hopital Maisonneuve, sut 
ures Miss Gauthier s hand. 

Miss Gauthier is transferred to a six- 
bed ward. The high-low beds all have 
slide-away side-rails. Paper sheets and 
pillow covers, supplied by Johnson 
and Johnson, relieve the laundry prob 
lem. 



. , 

" * iimr^*** P* 

v 




tioners on staff at the hospital), two 
registered nurses, two or three aides, 
and one secretary-clerk. An orderly 
is also assigned to some of the clinics. 
The head nurse position is permanent; 
other staff can be rotated at the dis 
cretion of the hospital, but in most 
clinics the other nursing staff also are 
assigned on a permanent basis. Many 
of the nurses have had emergency ex 
perience. Others were sent to the 
emergency department of their hos 
pital for experience just before Expo 
opened. 

The general layout of the clinics 
is similar. Each has a reception-ad 
mission area, a nursing station with 
a drug room and utility room opening 
off it, a kitchen, a large treatment 
room, and two large wards. Furniture 
and equipment are uniform. Simmons 
Company supplied the hospital furni 
ture, The Salvation Army supplied the 
medical equipment, and Johnson & 
Johnson donated all the dressings. 

Each clinic is unique, however. 
Expo officials did not try to force a 
stereotyped pattern on furniture ar 
rangements or methods of organiza 
tion. The clinics are, therefore, ar 
ranged to suit the staff, and although 
they are different, the atmosphere is 
easy and efficient in them all. 

In the hospital on La Ronde amuse 
ment area, one of the wards is closed 
and only used when the number of 
admissions is high. Most patients 
there don t require bedrest. The hos 
pital on He Notre-Dame divides the 
wards into male and female. The 
staff have set up a bed in an alcove 
off the ward, and keep emergency 
resuscitators, cardiac arrest equip 
ment, and other emergency supplies 
in that area. 

In all of the hospitals, staff seemed 
relaxed and friendly. A general air 
of helpfulness prevailed. 

"It s not a real opportunity to see 
Expo," commented Mrs. S. Bloxham, 
from the Royal Victoria Hospital, on 
duty at the He Notre-Dame Clinic. 
"You re too tired after your shift. I 
sometimes come back on my days off 
to visit the pavilions and take in all 
the sights." 

"But the people are most interest 
ing, and I really enjoy meeting them," 
Mrs. Bloxham added. Most of them 
are here on holiday and they even 
enjoy the trying moments. We had 
one young chap who fell in the river 
and was brought to our clinic. He 
wasn t hurt, so we dried his clothes 
for him and then let him go. He had 
barely left the hospital when he fell 
in again. He came back again to get 
dried off, but was he embarrassed," 
she laughed. 

The He Notre-Dame Clinic has 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



treated staff from several of the near 
by pavilions. "We often get chefs or 
waiters with burns," Mrs. Bloxham 
said. "They appreciate the clinic very 
much," she went on, "and often bring 
over a box of specially prepared food 
later on, or arrange for the nurses to 
see the special shows in the pavilions. 
We do have some advantages!" 

lie Notre-Dame has a special pro 
cedure set up to care for any special 
visitor or head of state who might 
become injured during his official 
Expo visit. So far, the staff haven t 
needed to use it. La Ronde s clinic 
staff had a flurry of excitment, how 
ever, when the young son of Senator 
Robert Kennedy was brought in for 
treatment. "He wasn t hurt," recalled 
Miss Rivet. "He was tired and hot, I 
guess it s a long day for a little boy 

- and he tripped. Senator Kennedy 
and his party were on their way to the 
Sky Ride, so we offered to keep the 
boy for a while. We weren t busy, so he 
had five of us to make him a glass of 
iced tea and keep him amused," she 
added. "It was delightful, too, because 
one of the nurses had been especially 
anxious to see Bobby Kennedy and 
had planned to go out in her lunch 
hour to get a glimpse of him, but had 
been busy and hadn t had a chance." 

Some of the patients that come to 
the clinics are acutely ill. Miss Rivet 
told of a 15-year-old girl who was 
brought in by ambulance. "She was 
unconscious and appeared to be very 
hot. Her temperature was 109 (rec- 
tally). The doctor ordered an aspirin 
enema and an alcohol rub immediat 
ely. She was here only one-half hour 
while we carried out the emergency 
treatment and arranged for her trans 
fer to Hopital Maisonneuve. When 
she left, her temperature was down to 
106. We were very concerned, be 
cause she had most of the signs of 
meningitis. However, it was just heat 
exhaustion and she recovered," Miss 
Rivet said. "She was in the downtown 
hospital for only three days." 

With the amount of walking re 
quired to tour Expo, it is not surpris 
ing that a large number of persons 
come to the clinics with sprained 
ankles. Most of these persons are 
transferred to the large center for x- 
ray. "We also treat patients with mos 
quito bites, and some with cases of 
poison ivy," said Miss Rivet. "These 
are found in persons who have been 
camping while traveling to Expo; we 
don t have any poison ivy on the 
sight," she added, laughing. 

"When Expo first opened, a great 
many of the employees came to the 
clinic with upper respiratory infec 
tions from the cold weather. We called 
it Expo cold, " she said. "Now, of 



course, it s heat stroke that s the 
problem." 

Each clinic seems to have a prob 
lem that is unique to its area: at He 
Notre-Dame, it s people walking into 
the water; at La Ronde, it s children 
with broken front teeth from the Go- 
Cart and scooter rides; at the clinic 
on Cite du Havre, the nurses encoun 
ter many persons with blisters. "I 
don t know if it s because our clinic 
is easily seen by people on the Expo 
Express, but we do get a lot of minor 
blisters, cuts, and scratches," reported 
Miss Beverly Bruce, a graduate of 
the Toronto East General Hospital. 
"I wouldn t have to work if I had a 
dollar for each Bandaid we ve used," 
she added. 

Miss Antoinnet Renaud, a graduate 
of Hotel Dieu in Windsor, Ontario, 
and Miss Bruce talked about their 
"busiest time." They agreed that June 
had been a busy month for them. 
Large busloads of school children 
up to 23,000 each day arrived on 
the grounds without parents," said 
Miss Renaud. "The children usually 
chose their own meals hotdogs and 
rich snacks from the foreign stands. 
This, coupled with their excitement 
and lack of sleep, meant that we were 
busy as substitute mothers," she said. 
One small lad suffered a bump on 
the head, causing temporary amnesia. 
This involved a cooperative effort of 
all the lost children centers before a 
worried boy scout leader turned up at 
the end of the day to claim his charge. 

All clinic personnel are prepared 
for and still awaiting, as of the 
middle of July a patient in labor. 
A few expectant mothers have come 
in, but they usually were just tired; 
none had real contractions. A Mont 
real woman did go into labor on the 
grounds, but was admitted to one of 
the downtown Montreal hospitals be 
fore the birth. 

There have been only four deaths 
at Expo 67. Three of these were el 
derly persons with known heart condi 
tions. The fourth was a woman who 
vomited and aspirated; she was dead 
on arrival at the clinic. 

An elderly man visiting Expo with 
his three young grandchildren col 
lapsed and was admitted to hospital 
with a perforated ulcer. Clinic staff 
looked after the children until an un 
cle could come and get them. 

"A tremendously interesting exper 
ience." "I wouldn t have missed it 
for the world." "I m so happy to be 
here." These are the general com 
ments of the nurses. Judging by the 
satisfied and happy looks on the faces 
of the patients as they left the clinics, 
they were really happy that the nurses 
were there, too. D 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



John - a victim of 
maternal deprivation 

Lack of "mothering" can result in physical as well as emotional disturbances. 




Norma I. McDiarmid 

The effects of insufficient mothering 
were observed more than 50 years ago 
in institutions that harbored young 
children who had been separated from 
their mothers for long periods. The 
classic symptoms exhibited by these 
infants were apathy, listlessness, de 
pression, failure to gain weight in spite 
of adequate nourishment, persistent 
respiratory infections, little if any so 
cial responsiveness, frequent head 
banging, and rythmic rocking. It also 
was noted that these infants, who had 
a high mortality rate, suffered perma 
nent damage psychologically, physical 
ly, and mentally. 

This disturbance is called "hospital- 
ism" a term that designates the 
damaging effect that institutional care 
can have on an infant, particularly 
from the psychiatric point of view. 1 

Unusual quietness was the first ob 
servation made by Province and Lip- 
ton in describing the effects of institu 
tional care. 2 They reported that very 
little talking, laughing or even crying 
was heard from the young infants they 
observed. The children lay motionless 
on their backs in cribs, isolated in 
cubicles. At feeding time their bottles 
were propped; whenever cereals or 
pureed foods were required, they were 
simply added to the milk and served 
with a larger holed nipple. The babies 
were seldom out of their cribs and 
then only for bathing, diapering, and 
dressing. The attention of one caretak 
er during the first eight-hour period 
was shared by seven or eight babies 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



and then shared for the remainder of 
the day with 25 to 30 other babies. It 
was obvious that there was no time for 
stimulation or love. 

Until a few years ago, this condition 
was observed only in institutions; re 
cently, however, infants suffering from 
this syndrome have been found living 
at home with their mothers. For rea 
sons that are not always apparent, an 
unfavorable mother-child relation 
ship develops, resulting in a condition 
referred to as "maternal deprivation," 
as differentiated from "hospitalism." 

Failure to thrive 

John was the victim of such a rela 
tionship. He was five years old when 
he was admitted to hospital the fifth 
time for the same problem: "failure to 
thrive." As in each previous hospital 
stay, the various causes for growth 
failure, such as dietary deficiency, in 
born error of metabolism, congenital 
heart deformity, were ruled out. Why, 
then, was this child not growing at a 

Mrs. McDiarmid, a graduate of the Ham 
ilton General Hospital School of Nursing, 
Hamilton, Ontario, is presently with the 
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 
Toronto. This study was conducted while 
she was on staff at the Department of Pe 
diatrics, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, 
N.Y., and was supported by PHS Grant 
FR-85. The author expresses her appreciation 
for the invaluable comments made by Dr. 
Albert J. Schneider, Dr. Mary Voorhess, 
and Mrs. Aime Nover. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



normal rate? Maternal deprivation was 
suspected and the family situation was 
fully explored. 

Early marriage 

The picture emerged of a very un 
happy mother who had had an im 
poverished childhood. This young 
mother was deserted by her own 
mother when she was four years old 
and her father, after a short time, gave 
up the job of maintaining a good 
home. As a result, she and her siblings 
lived in poverty and misery. To es 
cape her wretchedness, she married 
early, becoming pregnant to force her 
father s consent to the marriage. With 
the arrival of a baby girl, her world 
seemed complete. She had her hus 
band, her home, and her daughter, 
whom she seemed to love. 

It was not the young mother s in 
tention to have any more children; 
however, when her daughter was 1 1 
months old, she discovered, to her dis 
may, that she was pregnant. Upset and 
depressed, she made no effort to hide 
her deep disappointment. Morning 
sickness added to her discomfort. In 
spite of this illness, a son, John, was 
born at a normal weight of seven 
pounds, three ounces. His mother was 
required to remain in the hospital 
longer than usual because of a post- 
partum hemorrhage and she was ir 
ritated at this delay. The baby contin 
ued to do well in the nursery and 
seemed healthy at the time of his dis 
charge from hospital. 

At six months of age John was re 
admitted to hospital with a diagnosis 
of "failure to thrive." He was dull and 
listless, had pale dry skin, weighed 12 
pounds and was 24 inches long. Ex 
tensive physical examination revealed 
no basis for his retarded growth. His 
diet was carefully supervised and, in 
two weeks, he had gained two pounds 
and seemed brighter and more alert. 

Two months later he was readmitted 
for the same reason. He weighed 12 
pounds, 14 ounces, and had grown 
one inch. The symptoms were the 
same and his physical examination re 
vealed no abnormality apart from his 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



small size. During the three week per 
iod in hospital he gained weight 
steadily and was discharged weighing 
13 pounds, 10 ounces. 

John was not seen again until he 
was 15 months old when he was re 
admitted to hospital for "failure to 
thrive." He had gained one pound, 
eight ounces in the intervening months 
and, although his chronological age 
was 15 months, his bone age was six 
months. His stay in hospital followed 
the same pattern as before. At the time 
of his discharge his mother indicated 
she was again pregnant. 

When John was almost three years 
old, he was admitted a fourth time for 
"failure to thrive." He weighed a scant 
16 pounds, was 29 and one-quarter 
inches long, and exhibited all the clas 
sic symptoms of severe malnutrition. 

Open rejection 

In the many months preceding this 
last admission, a social worker had 
been visiting the family to help them 
with their problems. She soon recog 
nized that John was being rejected by 
his mother. He was blamed for all her 
troubles. He stubbornly refused to be 
come toilet trained and, with her com 
pulsive need for a neat and clean 
house, she was constantly annoyed at 
him. When the paternal grandmother 
reported her to domestic court for ne 
glecting her children, the mother again 
blamed John. In other ways he was 
very quiet and aloof. He disliked play 
ing outdoors with other children and 
spent most of his time playing by him 
self with games that did not tax his 
meager energy. 

The third child, a one-year-old boy, 
was almost as big as John; although 
the mother did not seem to have very 
warm feelings toward this child, he ap 
peared, nevertheless, of normal stat 
ure. 

Throughout this affair the father 
took only a passive interest in his son. 
He did not have a strong personality 
and seemed to be easily dominated, 
first, by his mother, then by his wife. 
He was unable to give any real sup 
port to either his wife or son. 



Foster home 

It was clear that John s future did 
not interest the parents. They readily 
agreed to his placement in a foster 
home, where he remained for six 
months and continued to grow at a 
normal rate. 

At first, the parents made no at 
tempt to visit him. Gradually, how 
ever, they started taking an interest in 
him, although the social worker be 
lieved this interest was caused by feel 
ings of guilt and by family pressures, 
particularly on the part of the paternal 
grandmother. Eventually, they decided 
that they wanted him back. He was 
returned since there seemed to be 
some hope that he would receive more 
attention than he had in the past. 

Very little was heard of John until 
his fifth admission, when he was five 
years old. He was 36 inches tall and 
weighed scarcely 23 pounds. It was 
obvious that he had lost weight almost 
from the beginning of his return home. 
His face was thin and pinched, his 
arms and legs like match sticks, and 
his abdomen grossly distended. The 
exposed parts of his body and his 
penis were hyperpigmented. He could 
feed himself but could not dress him 
self. He had a speech impediment and 
his conversation was not easily under 
stood. His run was clumsy and his 
gait unsteady; he tired very quickly, 
and when put to bed, rocked back and 
forth, sucking his thumb until he final 
ly fell asleep. His dull listless eyes told 
a tragic story. The Stanford-Binet test 
was administered, revealing a mental 
age of three years, ten months. 

Loved for himself 

How could we, as nurses, help this 
child? One thing we knew: John had 
to realize that he was loved for him 
self. The doctors told us that his very 
survival might well depend on the love 
we gave and on his ability to respond 
to that love. 

Our hearts went out to him: he was 
cuddled and rocked, played with and 
sung to, talked to and laughed with. 
We saw him grow before our eyes. His 
appetite from the beginning was vor- 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



acious and we pampered his tastes. 

For the first four weeks we were 
all delighted with our patient; then he 
changed. He became rebellious, des 
tructive, and a problem to all. But the 
change was a good one. It meant that 
at long last John was coming out of 
his shell; he was feeling secure enough 
to test us and to express his long dor 
mant hostility. 

Our manner with him had to 
change. He still needed all the love he 
could get, but now had to recognize a 
few limitations. He could not break 
toys, he could not bite the other chil 
dren, or kick the nurses. This took 
firmness and patience but everyone 
knew it was a turning point in the life 
of this little boy. Putting him in his 
room or removing a favorite toy seem 
ed the best and most successful way to 
control his behavior. He was strong 
enough now to accept reasonable dis 
cipline. Gradually his hostility lessen 
ed and he was able to function in a 
more mature manner. 

A Secondary Cause 

What happens to the body of a 
young child who has had sufficient 
nourishment but too little mothering? 
Why does he fail to grow? 

Gardner and Patton suggest several 
possibilities. Depression in itself might 
reduce the appetite; behavioral 
changes might affect the rate of intes 
tinal absorption, disturbances of gas 
trointestinal function vomiting, 
diarrhea and constipation might, 
and often do, occur in the deprived 
child, and severe emotional distur 
bance might affect the intermediary 
metabolism thus altering the rate of 
anobolic processes. 3 

Because of John s long history, 
these more common causes of his 
small stature had been ruled out and 
hypopituitarism was suspected. After a 
series of tests to determine first, the 
adrenal function and, second, the pit 
uitary reserve, a pattern of pituitary 
deficiency emerged. This was believed 
to be caused by his almost continuous 
malnutrition. 

When all tests were completed and 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



the health of the patient restored, it 
was decided, with the permission of 
the parents, to place John in another 
foster home. He made a good adjust 
ment. On his subsequent visit to hos 
pital six months later, tests showed 
that the pituitary gland still was not 
functioning normally; however, he con 
tinued to grow and to gain weight. 




When John was seven years old and 
had been in his foster home for one 
year, he was readmitted for further 
evaluation of pituitary function. The 
change was spectacular. He was three 
feet eight inches tall and weighed 49 
pounds. His bone age was now that of 
a child six years, three months an 
increase of two and one-half years in 
one chronological year. His walk was 
greatly improved, his body was sturdy 
and healthy looking, and he seemed 
happier and more cheerful. 

The Stanford-Binet test still indi 
cated some retardation, which was evi 
dent in his school performance. The 
doctors believed that damage to his 
personality structure and to his intel 
lect, as a result of his severe and long 
standing maternal deprivation, was 
probably permanent. 

The pituitary tests were repeated 
and now showed normal function. It 
seemed fairly certain that John s hypo 
pituitarism had been secondary rather 
than primary and had been caused by 
a lack of love. 



The decreased hypophysial function 
that occurred while John was suffering 
severe malnutrition may have been an 
adaptive mechanism triggered by dim 
inished caloric intake. This mechanism 
might then have permitted survival in 
spite of lowered caloric intake, by 
producing a decreased body activity, 
by lowering the basal metabolic rate, 
and by diminishing or arresting the 
growth rate. 4 This explanation seems 
to fit the pattern of John s "failure to 
thrive." 

It seems apparent, from the evi 
dence of this child s history, that early 
prolonged deprivation in some children 
can result in severe malnutrition. This, 
in turn, can result in secondary hypo 
pituitarism. When the deprivation is 
arrested, the malnutrition is arrested, 
and the pituitary resumes normal func 
tion. 

References 

1 . Spitz, R. A. Psychoanalytic Study of the 
Child, vol. 1. New York, International 
Universities Press, 1945, p.53. 

2. Province, S. and Lipton, R.C. Infants in 
Institutions. New York, International 
Universities Press, 1962, pp.26-29. 

3. Gardner, L.I. and Patton, R.G. Growth 
Failure in Maternal Deprivation. Spring 
field, 111., Charles C. Thomas Co., 1963, 
pp.42-43. 

4. Monckeberg, F., Donoso, G., Oxman, S. 
Pak, N., and Meneghello. J. Human 
growth hormone in infant malnutrition. 
Pediatrics, vol. 31. Springfield, 111., 
Charles C. Thomas Co., 1963, p.62. rj 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Public health nurses form 
first chapter T-Groups 

Recently, a group of public health nurses from the Peel County Chapter of the 
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario decided to find out more about human 
relationships. They used the group dynamic technique, or the study of why and 
how groups act as they do, and forces that operate within groups. 



Marlene Koch Smith and Mary Watson Carr 



Whenever two or more people come 
together in a continuing relationship, 
they become involved in the problem 
of communication. As public health 
nurses, we were especially concerned 
about how difficulties in communica 
ting often alienate the members in our 
nursing organizations, thus decreasing 
the efficiency of the group. As mem 
bers of a chapter special interest 
group, we decided to study group re 
lationships in an attempt to revitalize 
and improve our relationships with 
others. 

The project we undertook was an 
introduction to the study of group dy 
namics. These techniques, relatively 
new to Canada, are designed to help 
personnel in institutions and business 
enterprises improve their effectiveness 
as persons. The instruction is common 
ly known as sensitivity training, and 
the groups as T-Groups. The methods 
learned can be employed in all facets 
of life with friends, families, clients; 
in gatherings, such as prenatal classes, 
staff and chapter meetings; in profes 
sional and community organizations; 
and in collaboration with employer 
and labor relations board members. 

Into retreat 

Nine of us, all public health nurses, 
registered for the Leadership and Hu 
man Relations Laboratory. The entire 
enterprise took just 34 hours of inten 
sive study (two weekend sessions 
one of 20, a second of 14 hours). 
We literally went into retreat. We 
lived together, ate together, dis 
agreed and agreed, and shared an ex 
perience that helped each contributing 
member to gain fresh insight into her 
self and her behavior in groups. It was 
an experience that magnified the flaws, 
unveiled the real meanings behind 
what each said, and, through relevant, 
appropriate feedback, allowed each 
participant to get a completely differ 
ent slant on her own and others be- 

46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



havior as part of a whole. At the end 
of the sessions we had developed a 
better understanding of the mechanics 
of group dynamics and of the collabo 
rative effort that leads to group effi 
ciency. 

Inexpensive for best response 

Basically the program we undertook 
can be followed by any nucleus of 15 
persons or less, although the ideal 
group should contain only 8-12 mem 
bers. Enrollment should be voluntary, 
but chapter or organizational heads 
must support the project by word and 
deed to awaken interest and enable im 
plementation of the newly-learned 
methods. To attract membership the 
scheme should be inexpensive, which 
can be arranged easily by holding the 
session, as our group did, in a private 
home. 

Rusty wheels turn 

This laboratory was different from 
the standard leadership training course. 
It consisted of lecturettes, practice and 
demonstration sessions based on the 
acquired theory, and sensivity training 
group discussions, known as T-Groups 
all designed and implemented by a 
group developer. 

The T-Group was a completely new 
experience for those who registered. 

Mrs. Smith is a graduate of Women s 
College Hospital, Toronto. She attended five 
universities in Canada and the U.S.A. to 
acquire a background in applied behavioral 
sciences; in addition, she took the advanced 
Human Relations Training Laboratory in 
Methodology at the National Training 
Laboratory in the U.S.A., to qualify as 
trainer in human relations labs for personnel 
in industry and community organizations. 
Mrs. Carr, a graduate of the Toronto 
Western Hospital, has a B.Sc.N. from the 
University of Western Ontario. She is pres 
ently a chief instructor at South Peel 
Hospital, Cooksville, Ontario. 



Intentionally, the group was unstruc 
tured; it had no agenda and no desig 
nated leader; moreover, no note-taking 
was allowed. The group developer was 
on hand to stir up discussion and 
guide or intervene when floundering 
occured. And it did, frequently! One 
could compare the T-Group exper 
ience to that of a non-swimmer being 
thrown in deep water and being ex 
pected to make her way to some un 
seen shore. One participant, recalling 
the sessions, remarked : "At times, we 
felt a kind of depressed sluggishness. 
We were thinking so hard we could 
almost hear the rusty wheels turning." 

We were all on the same level, no 
matter what positions we held in daily 
life. It was a bewildering, sometimes 
maddening and frustrating experience, 
but inevitably revealing as to the ways 
people behave in groups. 

The lecturettes centered on issues 
such as earning group membership, 
drawing out the "quiet ones," apathy, 
concepts of communication, and var 
ious aspects of problem-solving. Di 
gests of relevant material were distrib 
uted at the end of each day to elim 
inate note-taking and distraction. In ad 
dition, a variety of pre-planned dem 
onstrations, with audio-visual aids 
and role-playing, all based on course 
content, were conducted by the demon 
strator, and supplemented by relevant 
feedback and evaluation by the de 
veloper. 

Benefits subtle but substantial 

Those of us who took part in this 
laboratory emerged with a spirit of 
enquiry and an expanded awareness 
of ourselves as others see us. We 
began to see ways of dealing more 
effectively with people and problems. 
Habits of behavior and thought had 
been converted into fresh approaches 
that, hopefully, could be learned by 
other chapter groups or community 
organizations. D 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




The old Montreal Chinese Hospital also served to shelter the poor. 






t 



Montreal Chinese Hospital 



In 1918, Montreal was struck by an 
influenza epidemic. Among the hardest 
hit was Montreal s Chinese population, 
especially the hand launderers. The 
story of the Montreal Chinese Hospital 
begins with this epidemic. 

When the epidemic broke out, the 
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate 
Conception a congregation that had 
worked with Montreal s Chinese com 
munity since 1913 immediately of 
fered their services. The sisters sought 
the sick in hovels, cafes and laun- 
deries, and cared for them at a wel 
fare shelter on Clark Street. This 
shelter served as a hospital until the 
epidemic subsided in 1919. 

The following year, the Chinese 
community bought the synagogue at 
112 La Gauchetiere Street West and 
converted it into a hospital. The build 
ing was almost 100 years old at the 
time, however, and was soon condem 
ned as a firetrap by the inspectors of 
the city health service and the provin 
cial government. The sisters were or- 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



dered to evacuate their patients from 
the premises. 

The new Chinese hospital at the 
corner of Saint Denis and Faillon 
Streets, opened its doors to its first 
patients in June, 1965. This hospital 
serves all of Montreal s Chinese com 
munity, whose population has been 
estimated at about 10,000. Of its 67 
beds, 32 are reserved for aged and 
chronically ill Chinese patients. Most 
of these patients speak only Chinese; 
they feel at home with a staff that 
includes eight Chinese nurses, one 
Chinese male nurse who received his 
diploma in Hong Kong, and some 
Chinese auxiliary personnel. 

The new Montreal Chinese Hospital 
is equipped with full outpatient ser 
vices, natal clinics, maternity facilities, 
and physiotherapy, x-ray, and labora 
tory services. These facilities, as well as 
8 beds and 12 cribs in the maternity 
service, and 15 convalescent beds, are 
available to all, regardless of race, or 
creed, or nationality. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 





Director of nursing service, Sister Francoise 
Derome, m.i.c., pauses to chat with staff nurse 
Mrs. Wai. The receptionist is Miss Julia Kwang. 
Patients and personnel speak Chinese. 

Both mother and nurse smile happily at the first 
Chinese baby born at the new Montreal Chinese 
Hospital. 

At Christmas the staff bought this 96-year-old 
patient a new hat; but he prefers his old one, 
which he hasn t taken off since he entered 
hospital. He knows one English word ninety-six 
which he answers when asked his age. 

The old Chinese Hospital was located in China 
town. Patients could enjoy watching traditional 
festivities, such as the Feast of the Dragon. 




This little Chinese patient won t be 
comforted as Dr. Pablo Tchang tries 
give him an injection. 

Patients and staff pose for a picture on 
moving day at the old hospital. 

An elderly Chinese woman enjoys the 
sun room at the new hospital. 

Mr. Seto has Parkinson s disease. His 
quiet life is interrupted only by an 
occasional television program or 
Chinese game. Sister Maria Joseph, 
a Chinese nun, offers him chocolate. 




research abstracts 



Griffin, Amy Elizabeth. The improvement 
of the educational preparation of instruc 
tors in pre-service programs in nursing 
in Ontario. New York, 1963. Thesis (Ed. 
D.) Columbia University. 

The study was undertaken to achieve 
three main purposes: 1. to identify the areas 
in which there is need for improvement in 
the educational preparation of instructors in 
preservice programs in nursing in Ontario; 
2. to determine the types and content of 
preparatory programs needed for them; 3. 
to identify the resources that are presently 
and potentially available for their continuing 
education and the ways in which these can 
be put to optimum use. 

In this study the professional nurse edu 
cator is seen as a member of two profes 
sions, that of nursing and that of educa 
tion. Her preparation as a professional 
nurse educator presupposes adequate prep 
aration and demonstrated competency as 
a professional nurse practioner. Such prep 
aration is believed to be best planned, 
controlled, and implemented within the 
milieu of the university. Her preparation as 
a professional nurse educator, therefore, 
moves logically into the field of graduate 
education. 

The procedure implemented in the study 
included the following: 

1. A review of the literature concerning 
essential components and characteristics of 
initial and continuing teacher education. 

2. A study of teacher preparatory pro 
grams in university schools of nursing within 
the Canadian educational framework. 

3. Procurement through questionnaire 
and interview techniques of information and 
opinions concerning the qualifications of 
the instructors, the nature and scope of 
their functions, the recognized need for 
their improved preparation, and resources 
for their continuing education. Questions 
were specifically directed toward the func 
tioning of the instructor as an individual 
and as a member of an educational staff 
relevant to: teaching; guidance; evaluation 
of student progress; curriculum develop 
ment; participation in or use of nursing 
research; and contribution to professional 
and community organization activities. 

4. Procurement through questionnaire and 
interview techniques of proposed methods 
for improving instructors initial and con 
tinuing education. 

Recommendations arising from the study 
include: 

1. The establishment of a demonstration 
teacher preparatory program at the grad- 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



uate level, with a major in curriculum 
and teaching but including some prepara 
tion in the administration of nursing edu 
cation programs. The scope of the program 
embraces general, special, and professional 
education, with the inclusion of specific 
field work, and the completion of two 
independent studies one concentrating 
on the use of library skills, the second 
on elementary field research techniques. 

2. Planning, on a regional basis, for the 
development of further such programs 
should the results of the demonstration 
program and the potential recruitment of 
suitable candidates warrant it. 

3. The promotion of improved resources 
for the continuing education of instructors 
through the universities, employing agen 
cies, and the professional nursing organiz 
ation, with each of these institutions mak 
ing a distinctive contribution and the co 
ordinating role being assumed by the pro 
fessional association. 



Hubbert, Mary Oressa. The contribution of 
nursing personnel in an interdisciplinary 
approach to the care of the aged in a 
particular institution. London, 1964. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 

This study is concerned with nursing 
care for the elderly. To determine the 
perceived role of the nurse in this field, 
one selected institution was chosen for 
study. The particular institution, although 
comprising two separate organizations a 
home for the aged and a long-term hospital 
operates under the same administration. 
It is unique in the number and quality of 
services that are made available to residents 
in the home and to patients in the hospital. 
The perceived role of the nurse in this 
interdisciplinary approach to the care of the 
aged was determined through interviews 
with nursing staff members, non-nursing 
staff members, and the older person and 
his family. 

To discover the nature and extent of 
learning experiences offered in geriatric 
nursing that prepare professional nurses to 
function in this clinical speciality, informa 
tion was sought from approved basic 
schools of nursing in Ontario and univer 
sity schools of nursing in Canada. School 
calendars, explanatory letters, and course 
outlines provided the investigator with the 
data. 

The author also obtained information, 
through a questionnaire, from administra 



tive staff in selected hospitals and homes 
for the aged in Ontario to determine the 
nature and extent of orientation and inser- 
vice education that is provided for nursing 
staff at all levels of preparation and ex 
perience. 

The findings reveal that discrepancies 
exist in the minds of nurses and non-nurses 
regarding the perceived role of nurses in 
the institution studied. In addition, most 
schools of nursing show that little is of 
fered in the way of a structured, well- 
planned course in geriatric nursing to pre 
pare the nurse to function in this capacity, 
either as a staff nurse or in a teaching or 
administrative capacity. 

On the basis of the findings, certain 
implications were derived. Specific recom 
mendations were made for ways to clarify 
the nurse s role and to improve the initial 
preparation of professional nurses and the 
continuing education for both professional 
and non-professional nursing staff. 

Serhee, Ushvendra Kaur. An exploration of 
the skills of interviewing with problems 
related to it, as practiced by nurses in 
emotion-laden situations encountered in 
public health nursing. London, 1966. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 

In this project an instrument was deve 
loped for assessing the nature of verbal 
responses selected by nurses faced with 
emotion-laden situations representative of 
those encountered in the practice of public 
health nursing. This instrument, modeled 
after one reported by Methven and Schlot- 
feldt in 1962, was administered to a group 
of staff nurses practicing public health 
nursing in Ontario. Approximately one- 
third of the total responses selected by 
these nurses were of the type considered 
to be most desirable. 

A questionnaire to determine the self- 
perceived problems related to interviewing 
was also completed by the same group of 
respondents. Specific problems were iden 
tified and concrete suggestions made to 
improve their skill in interviewing. 

Much more needs to be done in the dev 
elopment of skills in interviewing, both in 
preparatory programs and in continuing 
education in employing agencies. Staff 
nurses in the practice of public health 
nursing would welcome more supervised 
practice in interviewing, consultation, and 
assessment. 

An extensive annotated bibliography on 
interviewing is included in this thesis. Q 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



books 



A Guide For Staffing A Hospital 
Nursing Service by Marguerite Paetz- 
nick, R.N., M.A. 93 pages. Geneva, 
World Health Organization, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss Pamela Allan, Direc 
tor of Nursing Service, University of Al 
berta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. 

The purpose of this book is to present 
material useful in considering the staffing 
needs of a hospital nursing service. The 
author considers the need for collaboration 
among nurses, doctors and administrators 
to provide a realistic calculation of staffing 
patterns. Information for this guide has 
been gathered from a variety of countries. 

The book begins with a survey of the 
changing world of nursing and the increas 
ing responsibilities assumed by nursing ser 
vice. It covers the following topics: planning 
the improvement of nursing care through 
staffing; factors relating to the care of the 
hospital patient; hospital administrative 
practices relating to nursing; utilization of 
nursing personnel; and education. The last 
20 pages of the book include organization 
charts, assignment sheets, job analysis forms 
and nursing care plans. 

This book gives an excellent outline of 
the variables to be considered in planning 
staffing patterns. Types and varieties of 
illness, together with the number of patients 
requiring care, have received attention. Al 
though there is no bibliography, excellent 
reference material is provided in footnotes 
throughout. 

This book is too brief to be used as a 
student text, but would be invaluable as 
a guide for those experienced in nursing 
service who seek guide lines for further 
reading. 

An Atlas of Nursing Techniques 

by Norma Greenler Dison, R.N.. B.A., 
258 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Marilyn Buist, In 
structor, Toronto General Hospital School 
of Nursing, Toronto, Ontario. 

This text outlines therapeutic and reha 
bilitative techniques commonly used in med 
ical-surgical nursing. The techniques de 
scribed range from basic nursing skills, such 
as positioning, to the more complex skills 
involved in operating intermittent positive 
pressure machines. While the emphasis is on 
basic nursing techniques, such as injections 
and chest routine, there are some skills that 
require more advanced knowledge, such as 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



resuscitation with IPPB units and venous 
pressures. 

Techniques are related to patients basic 
needs with references to show how the 
patient and his family influence the imple 
mentation of procedures. Emphasis is on 
the principles underlying the techniques 
rather than on methodology or special equip 
ment. This enables the reader to interpret 
these principles according to patients indi 
vidual needs, hospital policies, and available 
equipment. 

Many of the techniques are simplified 
by the use of detailed diagrams that illus 
trate the steps in the procedures. The selec 
tion of techniques is generally good, although 
the scope is limited mainly to basic skills. 
The explanation of some equipment in 
common use, such as suction machines, is 
too brief. 

This does not necessarily detract from 
the worth of this book. It is an excellent 
reference of nursing techniques for student 
nurses. It has limited value as a reference 
for graduate nurses, and is not intended for 
the nurse specialist. 

Nursing Evaluation : The Problem and 
Process by Grace Fivars and Doris 
Gosnell, 228 pages. New York, Macmil- 
lan Company, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Vivian Wood, Assistant 
Professor, Nursing Education, The Uni 
versity of Western Ontario. 

The purposes of this book are to aid in 
the assessment of educational and service 
objectives, and to provide a practical guide 
for maintaining usable standards of nurs 
ing performance. The text is comprehensive, 
well-written and organized and is based on 
sound theoretical framework. The critical 
incident technique is used throughout as a 
basic approach to assessing behavior in the 
clinical situations. 

The authors begin with an historical in 
troduction to the critical incident method. 
Educators would find helpful the clear, 
concise treatment given to basic considera 
tions in establishing the objectives for a 
school of nursing. The authors have divided 
the assessment process into two areas: its 
use in defining and developing appropriate 
learning experiences; and the use of assess 
ment tools and methods in relation to tasks 
and performances. Illustrations of the use 
of the critical incident approach are given. 
Comprehensive bibliographies are provided 
at the end of each chapter and many recent 
sources are listed. 



The discussion of assessment is partic 
ularly interesting. The authors present a 
comprehensive discussion of paper and pen 
cil tests, questionnaires, interviews, observa 
tional techniques, interpretations of results 
of evaluations, and communication of re 
sults to students. Teachers interested in stu 
dying the construction of teacher-made tests 
in depth must depend on other books, 
however. 

The comments and the critical incident 
approach are worth noting. The student s 
performance is ungraded in the usual sense 
of a numerical score. Instead, notes describ 
ing effective or ineffective behavior in par 
ticular situations comprise the evaluation. 
Readers might compare this technique with 
Palmer s rating scale in which a grade is 
assigned to clinical experience. The di 
vergence of these two approaches suggests 
that the time has come for nurse educators 
to consider seriously the desirability of 
grading laboratory experience. 

Readers should also pay attention to the 
section on interpreting test results of eval 
uation. One must stress again that the as 
sessment of the laboratory experience is 
only a portion of the total course. 

The book ends with a section on the 
observation of situation tests. In this in 
stance the student actively participates in 
situations typical of those encountered daily 
by practicing nurses. The observer is able 
to record, and later assess, the student s be 
havior. Readers interested in this approach 
are directed to Thorndike and Hagen s text 
in which a comprehensive account is given 
regarding situational testing. 

The authors have amply illustrated cre 
ative use of the critical incident approach. 
The weighting of the laboratory experience 
must be assigned within the context of the 
course objectives. This book presents an 
approach to nursing evaluation that should 
prove useful to all who undertake the dif 
ficult and complex task of course design 
and teaching with effective assessment of 
laboratory experience. 



Nurses Handbook of Fluid Balance 

by Norma Milligan Metheny, R.N., M.S. 
and William D. Snively, Jr., M.D. 279 
pages. Toronto, Lippincott, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Joan Baycroft, In 
structor, Toronto General Hospital School 
of Nursing, Toronto, Ontario. 

The authors state that their goal is to 
provide an "inviting, clear, comprehensive, 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



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"BEVERLEY" style. Dress 
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52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



books 



and practical handbook on body fluid dis 
turbances." 

The first seven chapters provide the fun 
damentals of fluid and electrolyte balance, 
whereas the final nine chapters present com 
mon disturbances in fluid balance. Separate 
chapters deal with the disturbances of the 
surgical patient, the burned patient, and the 
patient with digestive, urologic, cardiac, 
endocrine and respiratory diseases; another 
chapter includes information about the 
fluid and electrolyte imbalances of the in 
fant and child. 

Throughout the book emphasis is on the 
nurse s role in observing symptoms of dis 
turbances and her role in preventing im 
balances. 

The authors clearly define their termin 
ology both in the introduction and through 
out, and include common synonyms that 
one might encounter in the hospital setting. 
Diagrams and charts emphasize important 
facts, and provide a source for quick refer 
ence. 

The text is suited primarily for the use of 
the undergraduate nursing student. It 
would provide a valuable review for the 
graduate nurse. 



films 



New method of skin closure 

A 16 mm., 20-minute, color, sound film 
documenting experiences in the use of mi- 
croporous tapes in surgical and traumatic 
wound closures is now available in Canada. 
The film, Clinical Applications of Micro- 
porous Tapes in Wound Closures, proposes 
the use of the lightweight, non-woven, 
fabric tapes in place of sutures for most 
epithelial closures. 

The film describes the value of this type 
of closure in abdominal surgery, thoracic 
surgery, emergency treatment of minor 
lacerations, and plastic surgery. The film 
was produced by the manufacturers of 
the tape, and naturally stresses its values 
and advantages. A certain objectivity on 
the part of the viewer is required. 

Certain aspects of the film might be 
of value in nursing education, however. 
The theory of wound healing is shown 
most dramatically, and impediments to 
healing are illustrated graphically. There 
are several interesting historical sequences. 
The discussion on the use of the tape in 
plastic surgery is illustrated by an ex 
ample showing the surgery to reduce hyper- 
trophic and pendulous breasts; this section 
of the film is especially well presented. 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of ourn ursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



The film would be valuable for inservice 
education of operating room personnel. It 
could also be recommended for use if the 
teaching hospitals use microporous tapes; 
otherwise individual instructors should 
screen the film for its teaching value in 
their situation. The film may be borrowed 
from Medical Film Library, Medical Prod 
ucts, Minnesota Mining and Manufactur 
ing of Canada Ltd., P.O. Box 2757, Lon 
don, Ontario. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material received 
recently in the CNA library are shown in 
language of source. The majority (reference 
material and theses, indicated by R, except- 
ed) may be borrowed by CNA members, \ 
and by libraries of hospitals and schools 
of nursing and other institutions. Requests 
for loans should be made on the "Request 
Form for Accession List" (page 56) and 
should be addressed to: The Library, Can 
adian Nurses Association, 50 The Drive 
way, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. American Nurses Association Confer 
ence on Legislation, Washington, March 
17-19, 1965. Proceedings. New York, 



American Nurses Association, c!965. 102p. 

2. Analyses de laboratoire a I usage des 
infirmieres par Soeur Carmel-Marie. Monc- 
ton, N.B., Ecole des Infirmieres. Hotel- 
Dieu de 1 Assomption, 1967?. 104p. 

3. Annual report of the Royal College 
of Nursing and National Council of Nurs 
ing of the United Kingdom for 1966. Lon 
don, 1967. 56p. 

4. Basic human anatomy and physio 
logy by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Philadel 
phia, Saunders, 1967. 347p. 

5. Collective negotiations for teachers; 
an approach to school administration by 
Myron Lieberman and Michael H. Mos- 
kow. Chicago, Rand McNaUy, c!966. 745p. 

6. A conspectus of Canada. Montreal, 
Royal Bank of Canada, 1967. 186p. 

r 7. Dictionary of Canadian English; the 
senior dictionary by W. S. Avis et al. Tor 
onto, Gage, c!967. 1284p. R. 

,8. Dynamic psychiatry in simple terms 
by Robert R. Mezer. 3d ed. New York, 
Springer, c!967. 182p. 

j 9. Educational television, Canada, edited 
by Earl Rosen. The development and state 
of E.T.V. 1966. Toronto, Burns and Mac- 
Eachern, 1967. lOlp. 

10. Fiches pratiques de I infirmiere fran- 
caise (revue mensuelle). Paris, Lamarre- 
Poinat, 1965. 254p. 

1 1 . Foudations of pediatric nursing by 
Violet Broadribb. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 
c!967. 573p. 



12. L homme sain ou malade par R. Ga- 
gne. Montreal, Intermonde, c!967. 156p. 

13. How to organize how to operate. 
Reference and Resource Program. Proceed 
ings of a Conference on Family Planning 
Clinics Toronto, Nov. 17, 1966. Toronto, 
G.D. Searle & Co. of Canada, Ltd., 1967. 
64p. 

14. The implications of continuous learn- 
v \ng by J. Robbins Kidd. Toronto, Gage, 

1966. 122p. 

15. The improvement of long-term care: 
. a new responsibility for community hos 
pitals by Lucy Freeman. Battle Creek, 
Mich., W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1967. 
87p. 

16. The management of archives by T. 
R. Schellenberg. New York, Columbia Uni 
versity Press, 1965. 383p. 

17. Medical-surgical nursing by Kathleen 
Newton Shafer et al. 4th ed. St. Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 1009p. 

18. The need for manpower planning in 
the hospital service. A report prepared for 
the Welsh Hospital Board by Anne Crich- 
ton and Robin Hardie. Cardiff, Welsh Hos 
pital Board, 1965? 92p. 

19. A new look at nursing by Elsie C. 
Ensing. 1st ed. London, Pitman Medical 
Publishing Co., 1966. 87p. 

20. Notions elementaires de pathologic 
medicate par Maurice Cournoyer. Revise 
par Noel Verschelden. Ottawa, Renouveau 
Pedagogique, 1966. 195p. 



special products 
for patient care 



A.R.D. 

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dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile, highly 
absorbent, tint free. Supplied 
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SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



accession list 



v 21. The nurse and the dying patient by 
Jeanne C. Quint. New York, Macmillan, 
1967. 307p. 

22. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Report of the Work Sessions, Nov. 8-10, 

1965. conducted in cooperation with Public 
Health Service. New York, National League 
for Nursing, Dept. of Hospital Nursing. 

1966. 55p. 

23. Programmed instruction and the hos 
pital. A report on the use of programmed 
instruction in health care units. Chicago, 
Hospital Research and Educational Trust, 

1967. 155p. 

24. La regulation des naissances; precis 
de la methode sympto-thermique par Jac 
ques Baillargeon et Helene Pelletier-Baillar- 
geon. Montreal, Les editions du jour, c!963. 
157p. 

25. Resume de pharmacologie et de po- 
sologie par Nicole Tremblay. Revise par 
Camille Lefebvre. Ottawa, Renouveau Pe- 
dagogique, 1966. 154p. 

26. Roads to maturity; vers la maturite; 
Proceedings of the second Canadian Con 
ference on Children, Montreal, Oct. 31-Nov. 



4, 1965, edited by Margery King. Toronto, 
University of Toronto Press, c!967. 146p. 
v 27. Scientific foundations of nursing by 
Madelyn Nordmark, Anne W. Rohweder 
and Mary S. Tschudin. Philadelphia, Lip- 
pincott, c!967. 388p. 

28. A study of medication errors in a 
hospital by Kenneth N. Barker, Wilson W. 
Kimbrough and William M. Heller. Fayet- 
teville Ark., University of Arkansas, 1966. 
307p. 

29. What s what for children by Eve 
Kassirer. 4th ed. Ottawa, Citizen s Com 
mittee on Children, 1967. 96p. 

30. Year-round operation of universities 
and colleges; a preliminary research report 
on the practices and problems of year- 
round calendar with particular reference to 
the Canadian scene by David C. Webb. 
Montreal, Canadian Foundation for Edu 
cational Development, 1963. 72p. 

PAMPHLETS 

31. Avenues for continued learning. New 
York, American Nurses Association, 1967. 
16p. 

32. Brochure of NLN achievements tests 
in professional nursing. New York, National 
League for Nursing, Evaluation Service, 
1967. 20p. 

33. College-level examination program; 
description and uses, 1967. New York, Col 
lege Entrance Examination Board, c!967. 
44p. 



34. Criteria for the evaluation of educa 
tional programs in nursing leading to an 
associate degree. New York, National 
League for Nursing, 1967. 12p. 

35. Expose des fonctions et des qualites 
pour I exercice des soins infirmiers d hygie- 
ne publique au Canada. Toronto, Associa 
tion canadienne d hygiene publique, 1966. 
41p. 

36. From here to there by Floris E. 
King. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As 
sociation, 1967. (Paper presented at Cen 
tennial Nursing Institute on Respiratory 
Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa) 3p. 

37. The medical care act; comments and 
recommendations. Ottawa, Canadian Wel 
fare Council, 1967. 16p. 

38. The nurse consultant and nursing 
service in hospitals and nursing homes. 
Papers presented at the conference held in 
Atlanta, Georgia, June 6-8, 1966. New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
39p. 

39. Organizational revitalization by War 
ren G. Bennis. Los Angeles, University of 
California, c!966. p.51-60. (Reprint from 
California Management Review). 

40. Selected areas of knowledge or skill 
basic to effective pratice of occupational 
health nursing. New York, American 
Nurses Association, Occupational Health 
Nurses Section, 1966. 22p. 

41. Skilled hands for hospitals. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Hospital Association, 1967. 48p. 




CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 



PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER 



The Canadian Nurses Association invites applications 
for the position of Public Relations Officer from univer 
sity graduates with specialization in journalism or liter 
ature. 

The applicant must be capable of organizing and con 
ducting public relations programs at regional, national, 
and international levels and have had experience in 
news and feature writing. Bilingualism is an asset. 



Written application should be addressed to: 
Executive Director 

Canadian Nurses Association 

50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Canada 



54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



Contraceptive practices 
past and present 



Renal transplantation 



Anesthesia for the 
pediatric patient 






Photo credits 



Montreal Chinese Hospital, 
cover photo 

Federal Photos, Montreal, p. 7 
Alvin Shafer, p. 8 
Hamilton Spectator Ltd., p. 19 
Wilkinson Studios, p. 34 
Briston Films Ltd., p. 35 
Henry Koro, p. 40, 41 



accession list 



42. Statement on nursing requirements 
for inpatient health care services. New 
York, American Nurses Association, Com 
mittee on Nursing Service, 1967. 3p. 

43. Teachers and nurses: the issue of 
group power for professional employees by 
Benjamin Solomon. Chicago, Industrial Re 
lations Centre, 1966. 8p. 

44. What the CNA does for you. Ottawa, 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967. pam. 

45. What to do when labor problems 
confront you; a ready reference for em 
ployees in labor rlations matters, rev. Chic 
ago, Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, 
Labor Relations Department, 1967. 15p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

46. Commission royale d Enquete sur les 
Services de Sante. L exercice en groupe 
par J.A. Boan. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine, 1966. 87p. 

47. Conseil National de Recherches du 
Canada. Rapport 1965-66. Ottawa, Impri 
meur de la Reine, 1966. 51 p. 

48. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Re 
search Branch. Determination of the ap 
proximate bargaining unit by labour rela 
tions boards in Canada by Edward E. Her 
man. Ottawa, 1966. 227p. 

49. . Twenty-five provi 
sions in major collective agreements cover 
ing employees in Canadian manufacturing 
industries (1966) Ottawa, 1967? 24p. 

50. Dept. of Labour. Legislation Branch. 
Labour standards in Canada 1966. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1967. 76p. 

51. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. The Canadian mother and child. 3d 
ed. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 176p. 

52. . Environmental health 

in disaster. Ottawa, 1967. lOlp. 

53. . Guide for the prep 
aration of a manual of policies and pro 
cedures for occupational health nursing. 
Ottawa, 1958. 12p. 

54. Laws, statutes, etc. A consolidation 
of the British North America Acts 1867 
to 1965, prepared by Eliner A. Driedger. 
Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 50p. 

55. . Old age security 

act, R.S.C. 1952 c.200 and old age security 
regulations established by P.C. 1965-1166. 
16p. 

56. . Rules of procedures 

of the Canada Labour Relations Board, 
established by P.C. 1954-1727 amended by 
P.C. 1966-1168. Office consolidation. Ot 
tawa, Quen s Printer, 1967. 8p. 

57. Lois, statuts, etc. Loi sur la securite 
de la vieillesse, S.R.C. 1952, c.200 et Re- 
glements sur la securite de la vieillesse eta- 
blies par C.P. 1965-1166. 16p. 



FOR PATIENT PROTECTION 




POSEY BEIT No. 4157 

This Posey Belt may be used on a patient in 
a chair or bed. When used on a patient in a 
chair, it is slipped over the patient s head with 
the sliding section of the belt in the front" of 
the patient. The long strap goes in back of the 
patient; the ends are taken back of the chair 
and hooked together. When this Posey Belt is 
usen on a patient in bed, it is sfipped over the 
patient s head, with the long strap at the pa 
tient s back. The snaps on the belt are hooked 
to a strap with a "D" ring which has been 
attached to the spring rail of the bed. Made of 
2" heavy webbing. May be laundered. Avail 
able in small, medium and large sizes. No. 
4157, $9.90 ea. 




THE POSEY MITT 

To limit patient s hand activity. An adjustable 
strap attached to the mitt and the side rail oi 
the spring determine limit of movement. Can 
be laundered by ordinary methods. Comforta 
ble, and prevents patient s scratching, pulling 
out catheter, nasal tube, etc. Available Small, 
Medium and Large. No. C-212 {both sides 
flexible) $6.30 each $12.60 per pair. No. 
R-212 (palm side rigid) $6.60 each $13.20 
per pair. 




WRIST OR ANKLE RESTRAINT 

A friendly restraint available in infant, small, 
medium and large sizes. Also widely used for 
holding extremity during intravenous injection 
No. P-450, $6.00 per pair, $12.00 per set. With 
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pair, $14.00 per set. 

POSEY PRODUCTS 
Stocked in Canada 

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SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 



58. Ministere de la Sante nationale et du 
Bien-etre social. La mere canadienne et 
son enfant. 3ed. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la 
Reine, 1967. 176p. 

59. Ministere du Travail. Direction de 
PEconomique et des Recherches. La deter 
mination des salaires au Canada par George 
Saunders. Ottawa, 1965. 46p. 

60. National Research Council of Can 
ada. Report 1965-66. Ottawa, Queen s 
Printer, 1966. 44p. 

61. Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices. The health of the Canadian people 
by Robert Kohn. Ottawa, Queen s Printer. 
1967. 412p. 

Ontario 

62. Dept. of Labour. Women s Bureau. 
Law and the woman in Ontario. Toronto, 
1967? 16p. 

United States 

63. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health- Service. A handbook 
of heart terms. Washington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1964. 66p. (U.S. Public Health 
Service publication no. 1073) 

64. . A program for research 

in health economics by Herman M. Somers 



and Anne R. Somers. Washington, 196. 43p. 
(U.S. Public Health Service. Health Econ 
omics Series no. 7.) 

65. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Employ 
ment Security. Health manpower. Washing 
ton, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966. 94p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA REPOSITORY 
COLLECTION 

66. Preparation of university teachers of 
nursing in Canada: proposals for the pro 
fessional education component of a mas 
ter s program by Shirley Ruth Good. New 
York, c!967. 152p. Thesis Teachers 
College, Columbia University. R. 

67. Report on visits to nursing education 
centers and controlling authorities in Can 
ada and the United States with implications 
and recommendations for Nova Scotia by 
Margaret A. Beswetherick. Halifax, Regis 
tered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia, 
1967. 140p. R. 

68. The self as a philosophical concept: 
a clarification and specification of its dim 
ensions for more meaningful interpersonal 
encounter in psychiatric nursing by John 
M. Binas. Boston, 1967. 57p. Thesis (M. 
Sc.N.) Boston. R. 

69. Supportive activities of public health 
nurses during visits with psychiatric pa 
tients by Marie France Castonguay. New 
Haven, Conn., 1967. 117p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) 
Yale. R. 





Here in Cleveland at Mt. Sinai 
Hospital, nurses find complete 
job satisfaction and opportuni 
ties for advancement. Begin 
ning salaries of $550 a month, 
attractive working conditions, 
and provisions for educational 
assistance are three other rea 
sons why you should consider 
this city and Mt. Sinai Hospi 
tal. For more information, write 
Nurse Recruiter, Dept. CC. 

THE MT. SINAI HOSPITAL 
OF CLEVELAND 

University Circle. Cleveland. Ohio 44106 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the issue of The 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 

Item Author Short title (for identification) 

No. 



Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 

Borrower Registration No. 

Position 

Address 

Date of request 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 




GO!... Where the ACTION is! 

Exciting Albany Medical Center, that s where! You ll enjoy 
your work at the fastest-growing teaching hospital in upstate 
New York. And you ll enjoy your surroundings, too ... including 
the summer music festivals of the Philadelphia and Boston 
Symphony Orchestras . . . thrilling horse racing at Saratoga . . . 
scenic Lake George and the Adirondack Mountains ... and the 
bright lights of nearby New York City. Our career opportunities 
for nurses are the test ever! For details, send for our free 
booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



Ormandy conducts at Saratoga Performing Arts Center 

Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CITY 



.STATE ZIP 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Wanted Immediately Director of Nurses, Modern 
26-bed hospital close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. 
Salary $500.00 to $550.00 per month commensurate 
with experience. Residence available at $40.00 per 
month. Apply: Administrator, Mayerthorpe General 
Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Alberta. 1-61-1 A 

Director of Nursing (Matron) for a modern 37-bed 
General Hospital. Salary open. For full particulars 
apply to: Two Hills Municipal Hospital, Two Hills, 
Alberta. Phone 657-2335. 

Registered Nurses (2) wanted: Good Wages. Apply 
to: Duclos Hospital, Bonnyville, Alberta. 

Registered Nurses required for a 5] -bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos 
pital, Ft, Vermilion, Alberta. 



NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 30-bed hospital. 
recently constructed building. Town on main line of 
the C.P.R. and on Number 1 highway, midway 
between the cities of Calgary and Medicine Hat. 
Nurses on staff must be willing and able to take re- 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 




sponsibi lity in all departments of nursing, with the 
exception of the Operating Room. Recently renovated 
nurses residence with all single rooms situated on 
hospital grounds. Apply to: Mrs. M. Hislop, Adminis 
trator and Director of Nursing, Bassano General Hos 
pital, Bassano, Alberta. 1-5-1 



General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta, 1-14-3 A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler, Alberta. I-31-2A 



General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary, Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1 A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-61-1 



General Duty Nursing positions are available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 $380 to $450. per mo. 
1968 $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 



General Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 $405 to $485. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 



Graduate Nurses for General Duty. Basic salary 
$380, annual increments. Policies as recommended 
by AARN. Apply to: Administrator, Providence Hos 
pital, High Prairie, Alberta, 1-45-1 



Public Health Nurse required by the Athabasca 
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberta. 
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord 
ance with experience and qualifications. For further 
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha 
basca Health Unit, Box 1140, Athabasca, Alberta. 

Enquiries are invited from persons interested in 
challenging teaching positions in a two-year di 
ploma nursing program in a Junior College. Appli 
cants must have a baccalaureate degree in nursing 
and at least two years of teaching experience. 
Positions available in 1968. Apply: Chairman, 
Department of Nursing Education, Mount o^ lf ,i 
Junior College, Calgary, Alberta. 



ion, 
loyal 



Nurses required for a 50-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL 
in town of 4000. Salay range $380 - $450. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright- 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwnght, Alberta. 



Operating Room Supervisor: Applications are invited 
for the above position. Qualifications required 
Registered Nurse with a postgraduate course in 
O.R. Management or the equivalent in experience. 
RNABC personnel policies in effect. Apply in writing 
to Director of Nursing, Chill iwack General Hospital, 
Chilliwack, B.C. 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 

2-76-4A 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimaf, British Columbia. 2-36-1 



Registered Nurse with proven O.R. experience for 

] /2 time service in O.R., /z time to establish in- 
service training programs, for small peripheral hos 
pitals. For information: Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Fraser Canyon Hospital, R.R. No. 1, Hope, British 
Columbia. 2-30-1 A 



B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 




58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES (Two) for active 66 bed 
hospital, with new hospital to open in 1968. 
Active in-service programme. Salary range $390 to 
$466 per month. Personnel policies according to 
current RNABC contract. Hospital situated in beauti 
ful East Kootenays of British Columbia, with swim 
ming, golfing and skiing facilities readily available. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing, St. Eugene Hos 
pital, Cranbrook, British Columbia. 2-15-1 



General Duty Nurses for modern 85- bed hospital. 
Salary $390.00 to $466.00. Recognition for experi 
ence. Industry gas, oil and agriculture. Situated 
60 miles from Peace River Dam Project. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St. 
John, B.C. 2-24-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 



General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 



GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 1 64-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 

(Continued on page 60) 
SEPTEMBER 1967 



there are over 

200,000 more 

who need your help! 




REGISTERED NURSES PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Have you considered a Career with the... 

Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 



NURSES 



EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 




Victoria Hospital London, Ontario 



OPPORTUNITIES 



Unlimited challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach 
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes: 

MEDICINE SURGERY 

OBSTETRICS PAEDIATRICS 

OPERATING ROOM RECOVERY ROOM 

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT CORONARY CARE UNIT 

DIALYSIS UNIT PSYCHIATRY 



BENEFITS 



Top salaries and personnel policies 

40-hour work week 

28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 

21 days vacation, general duty staff 

18 days sick leave 

FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London Ontario 




SEPTEMBER 1967 



TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 

WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 

CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 

For Details Write To: 

AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 

U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 

BOX 7-741 

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



MANITOBA 



limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 */2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, trail, British Co 
lumbia. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C, paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable, modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour 
5 day week. Vacation with pay Comfortable, at 
tractive nurses residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 



General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273- $3U per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 



General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 



General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 

Obstetrical Nurses for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $372-$444. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 




GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



Graduate Nurses for General Duty in modern 1 88- 
bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver Island. 
Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC poli 
cies. Starting salary for R.N. $372. per month. Ap 
ply to: Director of Nursing, Regional General Hos 
pital, Nanaimo, British Columbia. 2-46-1 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 

60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Director of Nursing wanted for 20-bed hospital in 
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-m accommodation 
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a 
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on 
basis of past experience and qualifications Please 
direct enquiries to Mr. J, G. Donald, Administrator, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Manitoba, 



Registered Nurse: Required for 50-bed general hospital 
In Fort Churchill, Manitoba. Starting salary $500 per 
month. Return fare from Winnipeg refunded after one 
year s service. For particulars write to: Director of 
Nursing, General Hospital, Fort Churchill, Manitoba. 

3-75-1 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 



Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses 

required for 21-bed hospital at Rossburn, Manitoba. 
Salary. R.N. s-$395-$480, L.P.N. s-$275-$315. Good 
personnel policies. For further information contact 
(Mrs.) A. M. Stitt, D.O.N., Rossburn Medical Nurs 
ing Unit, Rossburn, Manitoba. 3-49-1 



General Duty Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital. 
Salary $395 to $455. Four annual increments of 
$15. Forty hour week equivalent. For particulars 
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses, 
Sour is District Hospital, Souris, Manitoba. 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Registered Nurses for 21-bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING. Applications are sought for 
the above position at Geraldton District Hospital 
(45-beds, 1 2 bassinets). Qual if ications to be cited 
must include membership of the Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario, and evidence of formal train 
ing and experience in nursing administration. A 
full position description is available on request 
from: The Administrator, Geraldton District Hospital, 
Geraldton, Ontario- 



Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81 -bed hospital. Apply; Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario. 7-51-1 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 



REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed 
active treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3 
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays, 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply Administratrix, 
Bingham Memorial Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES required for 100-bed hospital in 
the Model Town of the North. All usual fringe 
benefits available and a limited amount of living-in 
accommodation. Salary range for general duty nurses 
$415 - $485 depending on qualifications and ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kopuskasing, Ontario. 7-62-1 

Registered Nurses. Applications and enquiries are 
invited for general duty positions on the staff of the 
Manitouwadge General Hospital. Excellent salary 
and fringe benefits. Liberal policies regarding ac 
commodation and vacation. Modern well-equipped 
33-bed hospital in new mining town, about 250-mi. 
east of Port Arthur and north-west of White River, 
Ontario. Pop. 3,500. Nurses residence comprises indi 
vidual self-contained apts. Apply, stating qualifica 
tions, experience, age, marital status, phone number, 
etc. to the Administrator, General Hospital, Mani 
touwadge, Ontario. Phone 826-3251 7-74-1 A 




Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre 
paration and/or adequate experience. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos 
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario, 7-5-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for botn. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R,N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37. Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

SEPTEMBER 1967 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 



General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Eayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSES 



The Dr. Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre invites 
applications for the position of Director of Nurses to be respons 
ible for the administration of all nursing services within the 
hospital. 

Qualifications include graduation from an approved 
School of Nursing with experience or preparation in patient 
care administration. Post-graduate study in paediatric nursing 
desirable, but not essential. 

Salary commensurate with training, experience and 
ability. Generous personnel policies. New modern electrically 
heated apartment available at reasonable rent in adjacent 
hospital apartment complex. 

This is a modern 292 bed paediatric hospital opened in 
1966 to serve Newfoundland and Labrador with a full range 
of services to children up to 16 years of age. Medicine, Sur 
gery, Orthopedics, Psychiatry, Cardio Respiratory, Out-Patients, 
Emergency and other departments organized and operating. 
Diagnostic and Therapeutic facilities excellent. Teaching pro 
gramme for internes and student nurses on affiliated basis. 

This hospital is located in a city of 100,000 population 
offering wide variety of educational, cultural and entertain 
ment activities. 

Excellent opportunity in this challenging position for 
further development of nursing services in this progressive 
hospital. 



Please direct enquiries or applications, stating training, 
experience and references to: 

THE ADMINISTRATOR, 

THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 

PLEASANTVILLE, ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7-127-4 A 

General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (I) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections lo Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

Registered General Duty Nurses required for 81-bed 
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Coder ich, 
Ontario. 7-51-1 A 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par- 
riculars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetangulshene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wanted for 50-bed hospital. State ex 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 




PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE for Brant County Health 
Unit. Salary Range $5,200-$6,400; experience recog 
nized. Fringe benefits: 50% of PSI and Hospitaliza- 
tion, Participation in OMERS pension plan; cumu 
lative sick leave. Basic car allowance with mileage. 
One month annual holiday. Apply to Dr. W. E. 
Page, M.O.H., Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace 
Hill Street, Brantford, Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 

Public Health Nurses General Program. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month s Vacation. Employer shared 



pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap 
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 Seventh Street, Chatham, Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses (qualified) for Stormont, Dun- 
das and Glengarry Health Unit, Cornwall, located in 
the Seaway Valley area. Generalized programme. 
Shared pension plan, hospitalization, P.S.I. Generous 
car allowance. Vacation, cumulative sick leave. Sa 
lary minimum $5,250 - maximum $6,500. Annual in 
crements $250. Allowance made for experienced 
nurses. Apply to : Dr. R.V. Peters, Director and 
Medical Officer of Health, S.D. and G. Health Unit, 
Box 1058. Cornwall, Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospitalization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 

NURSE with psychiatric or public health training 
or both is required in the new Community Psychia 
tric Hospital, Guelph. This person will head the 
development of a nursing service within the out 
patient and day care clinic and within the commu 
nity so as to provide an integrated service. SALARY 
scale is competitive with any comparable position 
and will depend on qualifications and experience. 
APPLICATIONS, including names of three referees, 
should be addressed to The Director, Community 
Psychiatric Hospital, Guelph, Ontario (Box 1026). 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 mile 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent socia 



sniiT. run maimenance avauaoie TOT **&.yv pei 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdor 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 




62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.Q. 

OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants 

for 750-bed hospital, close to downtown. Building 
and expansion program in progress. SRNA recom 
mended salaries in effect. Experience recognized. 
Progressive personnel policies. Apply: Nursing Re 
cruitment Officer, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

MATRON and GRADUATE NURSES required for 8-bed 
hospital in Southern Sask. Salary range Matron 
$429 -$544; Graduate Nurse $374 - $474. Qualifica 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks va 
cation plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. 
Personnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L. 
Knops, Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rock- 
glen, Saskatchewan. 10-110-1 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS: Regina General Hospital 
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in 
a two-year program. Salary Range $529 $676 
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs 
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 

SEPTEMBER 1967 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

* Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

* Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

^ Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

& Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

ifr Liberal personnel policies 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

Will require 

TEACHERS - AUGUST, 1967 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director, School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 

CHILD 
HEALTH CENTRE 

St. John s, Newfoundland 
Invites applications from 

GRADUATE NURSES 

Interested in the nursing of sick 
children. Wouldn t you like to 
come to the Province of New 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interested and 
enthusiastic? A salary increase 
has just been granted and an 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 

Further details can be obtained 
from: 

The Director of Nursing 

THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 

P.O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



SASKATCHEWAN 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 El Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor 
nia 94010. 

Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now .Staff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 

REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 

REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 

REGISTERED NURSES: 250-bed General Hospital, ex 
panding to 400, located in San Francisco, California. 
Positions on all shifts for nurses in Intensive Care 
Unit, Operating Room, and General Staff Duty. 
Salary range $600-$700. Health and Life Insurance, 
Retirement Program all hospital paid. Liberal 
holiday and vacation benefits. Accredited medical 
residencies in Medicine, General Surgery, Neuro 
Surgery, Orthopedics, and Plastic Surgery. For fur 
ther information write to: Miss Lois John, Director 
of Nursing, Franklin Hospital, 14th and Noe Streets, 
San Francisco, California. 15-5-4 A 

REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 941 15. An equal opportunity 
employer. 1 5-5-4C 

REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 /a hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. I5-5-49B 

R.N. NIGHT SUPERVISOR. Excellent Professional 
Opportunity in modern 354-bed extended care fa 
cility. Top Salary. Liberal Benefits. Contact Per 
sonnel Director, ST. ANN S Home, 1500 Portland 
Avenue, Rochester, New York. 

64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



UNITED STATES 



ATTENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts 
in modern and progressive city of 40,000. 40 hr. 
5 day wk. ( pd. vacation, pd. holidays, pd. sick 
leave, retirement plan, social security and insur 
ance plan. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms 
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mo. 
depending on experience plus shift and service 
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director 
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic 
Drive, Modesto, California 95350. 

Canadian School Registered Nurse Graduates 
Come to California: Join your friends at Sutler 
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working 
conditions and benefits. The good life in the best of 
California. Staff P.M. shift $640. Ngts. $630, P.M. 
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 L St., 
Sacramento 95816. 

Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3B 

NURSES ALL SHIFTS, ALL DEPTS. New Accredited 
99-bed Hospital. Starting Salary $600 month, Plus 
Differential, Liberal Benefits Contact Director 
of Nurses, Viewpark Community Hospital, 5035 
Coliseum St., Los Angeles, California 90016 15-5-3M 

Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 




R.N/i Needed New 50-bed hospital. Salary 
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
month. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid 
vacation. On Lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from 
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mrs. Hilda 
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
Hospital, P.O. Box 659, Pohokee, Florida. Phone 
305 924-5201. 

GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15-10-3A 



LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

OFFERS 

1. Stimulating Environment 

2. Sound, liberal personnel policies. 

3. R.N. salary range $415 to $495. 

4. Residence available. 

Registered Nurses my/ted to apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

LADY MINTO HOSPITAL 

Chapleau, Ontario 



LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 

FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Registered laboratory technician for 51- 
bed active treatment hospital in Northern 
Manitoba, with medical staff of three 
doctors. Must be able to perform proce 
dures in fields of hematology, bacterio 
logy, grouping and cross-matching blood, 
biochemistry. Salary $490 $570 per 
month plus $20 minimum call back pay. 

Apply stating experience and 
references to: 

The Administrator 

FORT CHURCHILL 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort Churchill, Manitoba 



CITY OF HAMILTON 

requires 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

immediate employment 

Must be a Registered Nurse with a Pub 
lic Health Certificate. 

5 day, 36 /4 hour week 
Salary Range $5,692. $6,550 

Starting Salary commensurate with pre 
vious experience. 

Top fringe benefits including pension, 
sick pay, group insurance, vacations, 
statutory holidays, hospital and medical 
plan. 

Apply to: 

Director of Personnel 

CITY HALL 

Hamilton 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

AND 

DIETITIAN 

Applications are invited for the above 
positions in a 65-bed hospital currently 
undergoing renovations and expanding 
to 95 beds by year end. 

Excellent personnel policies and salary 
commensurate with experience and quali 
fications. Hospital located only 10 min 
utes from downtown Buffalo. 

Applications and enquiries should be 
directed to: 

W. F. Thompson, 

Superintendent 

DOUGLAS MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Fort Erie, Ontario 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

Qualified Public Health Nurses required 
by the City of Regina, Health Depart 
ment, for general public health nursing 
service. 

Annual increments, vacation, sick leave 
and pension plans, also $25.00 per month 
car allowance. 

SALARY: $391.00 to $496.00 per month- 
IB. Sc. Degree starts at $429.00). 

Applications and enquiries should be di 
rected to : 

The Personnel and Industrial 
Relations Department 

CITY HALL 
P.O. Box 1790, Regina, Sask. 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For General Duty 
with opportunity for advancement and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

required for 115-bed chest hospital situat 
ed in Laurentiati Mountains 55 miles north 
of Montreal. 

For further particulars and salary scales 
write: 

Director of Nursing, 

P.O. BOX 1000 
Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q. 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Core and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shjffs. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits, RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 11-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES. Salary, days $500-$550; 
p.m. $525-$575; nights $520-$570 per month. In 
creases January 1, 1967. Excellent benefits. 230-bed 
regional referral General Hospital with intensive 
care and coronary units. Postgraduate classes avail 
able at two universities. Extensive intern and resi 
dent teaching program. Hospital located adjacent to 
Northwest s largest private clinic. Free housing first 
month. Canadian trained nurses with psychiatric 
affiliation please write: Personnel Director, Virginia 
Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Avenue, Seattle, Wash 
ington 98101. 15-48-2B 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosur- 
gery, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to 
the General Services. Salary: $501 to $576. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, 
University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, 
Seattle, Washington 98105. 15-48-2D 




NIGHT NURSE 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 

on art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. Joseph Augustine, Personnel Administrator, Box B, 

A6001, University Hospital, University of Michigan for 

more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered -- $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 

Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
for 

REGISTERED NURSES 



with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 

Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario 

Inservice educational program 
me developed and 
expanding 

Residence accommodation avail 
able at a very mod 
erate rate 

Transportation advanced, if re 
quested 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ont. 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



NURSING RESEARCH 
DIRECTOR 

UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL 
SASKATOON, SASK. 

A Nursing Research Director is required 
to direct a two year research program in 
nursing to establish criteria for the 
quality of nursing care and to derive 
staffing patterns to meet quality object 
ives. Responsibilities will include laying 
out the study methodology, hiring as 
sistants, and co-ordinating the program. 
A close relationship will be maintained 
with the Operations Research Work Anal 
ysis, Electronic Data Processing Special 
ists within the Hospital Systems Study 
Group, and the Nursing Administrator. 

Qualifications should include a Master s 
Degree in Nursing plus several years 
practical nursing experience. 

Salary will be dependent upon qualific 
ations and experience. 

Apply to: 
Personnel Director 

UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL 

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 



IN-SERVICE 

EDUCATION 

COORDINATOR 

The ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL seeks an 
In-Service Education Coordinator, respon 
sible to the Administrator, who will plan, 
organize and direct an existing education 
programme. 

We seek a person who has demonstrated 
teaching abilities, initiative, tact, sound 
judgment and imagination. Preference 
may be given to a person with a Uni 
versity Degree and to one who is fam 
iliar with the hospital milieu. 
The incumbent will: 

1) need to work closely with members 
of the Medical Staff and with all 
Department Heads. 

2) be given considerable freedom and 
responsibility for developing further 
the existing programme. 

Generous fringe benefits are applicable 
to this position and a starting salary will 
be negotiated commensurate with the 
successful applicant s education and ex 
perience. 

Applications should be made 
in writing to: 

Personnel Officer 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B.C. 



DIRECTOR 

REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of the Edith 
Cavell Regional School of Nurs 
ing. 

Plans are being developed to 
provide classroom facilities for 
210 students. Residence accom 
modation will be constructed on 
the school premises. Clinical in 
struction will be provided in hos 
pitals located at Trenton, Picton, 
Campbellford and Belleville. 

Applications and enquiries should 
be addressed to: 

Philip Rickard, Administrator 

THE BELLEVILLE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the I960 wing completed 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services.- > 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
qualifications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser 
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

Scarborough General Hospital 

Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 



UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 

Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor 
ganization of the program. 

Applicants should have a Master s degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 

Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 

Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 

Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

University of Windsor, 
Ontario 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THREE REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for general duty at Company Hospital in 
Temiscaming, Quebec. 

Salary Range $390 to $442 gross per month, peri 
odic salary increases based on merit and service, 
single room accommodation available in nurses 
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month. 
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour 
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and 
winter recreation activities-, golf, tennis, swimming, 
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all 
major points. 



Apply in writing to: 
Mrs. C. Alp, Matron, 

TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL 

Temiscaming, Que. 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 

AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 6, Ontario 







0> <>=I CJ. 
^ 



GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

required for 

RECINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 

STARTING SALARY $401 

Recognition Given For Experience 

Progressive Personnel Policies 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 



Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 



Direct inquiries to: 
Director of Nurses 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 



Halifax, Nova Scotia 



A-5800 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 



Registered Nurses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 




Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 
El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

Challenging position in a School 
Hospital environment of Phys 
ically Handicapped and Emo 
tionally Disturbed children. Per 
manent position with opportuni 
ty for advancement. 

Duties: To participate in inser- 
vice training and education of 
nursing staff. 

Qualifications: Bachelor of Sci 
ence in Nursing or Diploma in 
Nursing education plus Paedia- 
tric and/or Psychiatric training 
and experience. 

Salary: Commensurate with qua 
lifications and experience. 



Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

GLENROSE PROVINCIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

10230-111 Avenue 
Edmonton, Alberta 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion, 40 hour week. 

Apply giving full particulars to: 
Personnel Director 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Saulf Ste. Marie 
Ontario 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

AIL DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 



Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
Hamilton, Ontario 

requires 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS in all Nursing 
areas. Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing. Student enrolment over 300. 
Modern, progressive, 800-bed Hospital. 
Salary commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 



for further details, apply: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



A REGISTERED NURSE 

BILINGUAL 

Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern 80-bed hospital expanding to 
ISO beds. Located in the Eastern Town 
ships, an attractive, dynamic community 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance with Quebec Hospital In 
surance Service. 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

INSTRUCTORS 
POSITIONS 

ONE MEDICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SURGICAL NURSING TEACHER 

ONE SCIENCE NURSING INSTRUCTOR 

Class 25-30 Students 

Current Recommended 

Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing Education 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 




HH. THE AGA KHAN PLATINUM 
JUBILEE HOSPITAL, NAIROBI, KENYA 

TELEPHONE 55301 NAIROBI, KENYA P.O. BOX 30270 

HOSPITAL MATRON 

Applications are invited for the post of 
Hospital Matron which falls vacant In 
November, 1967. 

Candidates should be S.R.N., S.C.M, 
(or equivalent) and possession of Nursing 
Administrative Certificate would be of 
advantage. 

The appointment is for a period of 
twenty-f our/thirty months and is renew 
able. The salary is at the rate of 2,000 
per annum plus gratuity and fringe 
benefits which include free passages, 
generous leave and subsidised accom 
modation. 

The hospital is located in the garden 
suburbs of Nairobi, the highlands capita) 
city of Kenya with a pleasant sunny 
climate and a cost of living that is low 
and stable. 

The successful candidate must like and 
be accustomed to working with people 
of different races and nationalities but 
there is no language problem if you speak 
English. 

The Hospital Matron will be the adviser 
to the Board of Governors on nursing 
policy and be head of the Student Nurse 
Training School. 

Further details of tn e hospital and the 
post can be obtained from; 

THE ADMINISTRATOR 
P.O. Box 30270 Nairobi, Kenya 




THIS 

15-SECOND 

COULD 

CHANGE 

YOUR 

FUTURE 



Are you dissatisfied with your position? 

Would you like a change? 

Would you like to meet new people? 

Would you like to increase your nurs 
ing skills? 

____ Would you like to work where 
P\T there is an active research pro 

gram? 

Are you adaptable? 

Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 

Do you crave more cultural advan 
tages? 

Is your life a little boring right now? 

Do you sense excitement in a change? 

If your answer is YES you will like work 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital. 
Apply in writing to: 



Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 

Assistant Director, 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, 

1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Ont. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad 
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro 
gress. Positions available in all departments. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475 
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with 
experience. 

Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270 
to $300 per month. 

Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel 
policies. 

Apply to: 
The Director of Nursing 

KITCHENER-WATERLOO HOSPITAL 

Kitchener, Ontario 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 
hospital. 

Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



GRADUATE NURSES 

required 

For this modern 259-bed hospital in 
the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Excel 
lent personnel policies and working con 
ditions. Salary range $400 to $480 per 
month when registered in Ontario. Start 
ing salary will depend on experience. 
Private rooms available in residence $20. 
per month. 



Please apply to: 

Miss L. M. R. Lambe 

Director of Nursing 

WELLAND COUNTY 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Wetland, Ontario 



DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing located in South Western On 
tario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep 
tember, 1968. 

Minimum requirement B.Sc.N with 
several years experience. 

Apply: 

Chairman 

Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIUE, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

For alt Departments and a new Psychi 
atric wing. 

Subsidized employee benefits and good 
personnel policies in effect. 

Modern, furnished apartments available. 

For information and application, 
please write to: 

Director of Nursing 

SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 

Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



POSITIONS OPEN 

Director of Nursing Education. Preferable 
holding a Masters Degree. Also Instruc 
tors with Bachelors Degree in Nursing or 
Post-Graduate training. 

270-bed accredited hospital. 



ABERDEEN HOSPLTAL 

New Glasgow 

Nova Scotia 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



OPERATING ROOM NURSES 

and 

GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED 
NURSES 

required immediately 

for fully accredited general hospital of 
200 beds expanding to 400. Excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

THE I.O.D.E HOSPITALS 

Windsor, Ontario 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address. 
City 



-State. 



.Zip Code. 








V 

HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00- $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(Service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 



Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291 -bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 



Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 



For 61 -bed General Hospital 



Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

AND 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital 
situated in the picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quality nursing care. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 

Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Gait, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



VISITING NURSING 

ra 




opportunities 

across 

Canada 



for employment or bursaries write: 

Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 
FOR CANADA 
5 Blackburn Avenue, 
Ottawa 2, Ontario. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Wanted for active General Hospital (125 
beds) situated in St. Anthony, Newfound 
land, a town of 2,400 and headquarters 
of the International Grenfell Association 
which provides medical care for northern 
Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. 
Salaries in accordance with ARNN. 

For further information 
please write: 

Miss Dorothy A. Plant 

INTERNATIONAL GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Room 701A, 88 Metcalfe Street, 

OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 



Student enrollment 



200 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



make 

the 
most 

of 

your 



MINUTES 




A nurse s time is as valuable as gold. Every hospital is aware of this. 
Beth Israel does something about it. At B.I., the Unit Management 
Program frees a nurse to nurse. She is encouraged to further her edu 
cation through tuition reimbursement. And as a member of the Harvard 
Medical Complex, a B.I. nurse comes in contact with many of the most 
respected people in medicine. In addition, she uses the most modern 
equipment available, much of which was developed by the Beth Israel 
Hospital itself. 

Obviously, a B.I. nurse s work is anything BUT routine. She s 
not a routine type of person or she wouldn t be a nurse. 



Boston, home of B.I., isn t routine, either. 
Boston is sailing, shopping, Harvard Square, 
the Boston Pops, famous colleges and univer 
sities, the brand new 52-story Prudential sky 
scraper, and a whole chapter in history. And 
Boston is only minutes from Cape Cod, the 
Green Mountains and Maine lobster. 

Take a few minutes to consider a position at 
B.I. and write for more information to: Miss 
Susan Vinnicombe, Supervisor of Nursing Place 
ment, Dept. 9. 

BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL 

330 Brookline Avenue 

Boston, Massachusetts 02215 

An Equal Opportunity Employer 




THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage 
ment. 

The class will commence March 
4, 1 968. 

For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 

Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 

NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for afternoon shift 

HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 

Accommodation available in mo 
dern residence. 

For further information, salary 

and personnel policies, 

please apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, LONDON 
W.C.I., ENGLAND 

(NEUROLOGY and 

NEUROSURGERY) 

POST-GRADUATE 

NURSING EDUCATION 

One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education 
al background. 

Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos 
pital awarded to successful Stu 
dents. 

Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 

FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.I, and 

MAIDA YALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 

LONDON 

(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 

HOSPITALS) 

NEUROLOGY AND 

NEUROSURGERY 

These unique hospitals of international 
repute offer to Registered Nurses: 

1) One year course badge and certi 
ficate awarded. 

2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini 
mum period of appointment, four 
months. 

3) General duties on medical and sur 
gical wards, occasional vacancy at 
Convalescent Hospital (near Hamp- 
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap 
pointment two months. 

Consideration given to Nurses wishing to 
take extended holidays. 

This branch of nursing has a special ap 
peal to those interested in research and 
the humanitarian aspect of nursing. 

Further particulars may be 

obtained from: 

Matron 

THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

Queen Square, London, W.C.I 
England 



CLINICAL COURSE IN 
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 

Offered by 

The Department of Veterans Affairs, West 
minster Hospital, LONDON, Ontario. Open 
to all Registered Nurses. Enrollment lim 
ited. Four months duration commencing 
15 January 1968. Room and meals at 
nominal rates. 

For further information 
please write: 

Director of Nursing 

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



OCTOBER 16-27, 1967 
Two week course for 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

and 

REGISTERED NURSES 

To prepare them to care for the mental 
retardate and his family. 

for further details write to the: 

Extension Department 
CHILDREN S PSYCHIATRIC 

RESEARCH INSTITUTE 

University of Western Ontario 

London, Ontario 



REHABILITATION INSTITUTE 
OF MONTREAL 

offers a 
4 week Post-Graduate Course in 

REHABILITATION NURSING 

to 
EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSES 

with a special interest in the care of 
handicapped and long term patients. 
November 6th through December 1st, 
1967. 

For information and details of the 
Course, Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 
REHABILITATION INSTITUTE 

OF MONTREAL 

6300 Darlington Avenue 

Montreal, P.O. 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 

Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen 
sion plan. 

Pleasant, progressive, industrial city of 
23,000. 

Apply: 

Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1%; 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 



HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING - 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



THE UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA 

VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA 

invites applications for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL Of NURSING 

The School enrols its first students this fall. Its Director will enjoy wide 
opportunities to share in the development of curriculum and the establish 
ment of policies for growth. Candidates should have had successful ex 
perience in Hospital Administration and Education, and preferably hold 
a Doctoral degree. Salary commensurate with training and experience. 
Attractiveness of the University s setting on Vancouver Island enhances 
a broad program of Faculty benefits. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

Dr. Malcolm G. Taylor 
President of the 

UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA 

VICTORIA, B. C. 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 

newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $602-$628 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2 A 

Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations - : - L 



igs 
ick 



LILWI ui pui ity rwi uuvur ncmeiii, vui_ui IUMS, *iu 

leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 

InnfJ rirannn OTOfll IK TO 



land, Oregon. 97201. 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) *Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - - September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.Q. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 

For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

September 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 

American Sterilizer Company 

Ayerst Laboratories 

M.J. Chase Co. 

Clinic Shoemakers 

Charles E. Frosst & Co. 

Hollister Limited 

Frank W. Homer Company 

LaCrosse Uniform Corp. 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd. 
Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 
J.B. Lippincott Company 

of Canada Limited 
Medical Products 3M Company 
C.V. Mosby Co. 
J.T. Posey Co. 
Reeves Company 
W.B. Saunders Company 
Sterilon of Canada 
Town Imports 

Uniforms Registered 

Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 

(Texas Pharmical Div.) 

Winley-M orris Company Ltd 

White Cross Shoes 



10 

Cover IV 

16 

6 

54 

2 

14 
11 

24, 26 

18 

9 

53 

5 

22 

28 
55 
23 

Cover II 
12 

52 

Cover III 



1 

53 
21 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B.C. 

INVITES YOU to apply for a position in an expanding hospital. 
There is an opening for you in any of the services, which include 
Intensive Care, Haemodialysis, Psychiatry, Reactivation. Hospital 
is a Regional Hospital and major medical centre in the Interior 
with all general specialties well represented including neurosur- 
gery. 1 86 bed air-conditioned wing was completed in 1 966, pre 
sent renovation bringing capacity to 270 beds and 45 bassinettes 
will be completed in October. Plans for expansion to 500 beds are 
underway. 

Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative 
sick leave up to 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro 
gramme. Opportunity for advancement. 




SCHOOL OF NURSING SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 

You will have initial accommodation provided at nominal cost. 
KAMLOOPS, a rapidly expanding industrial area with a population 
of 35,000, known as the Sunny Sportsman s Paradise Hub City 
of British Columbia served by Trans Canada Highway, both major 
Railways, and Airline Services. 

For your enjoyment a large variety of winter and summer acti 
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boating, 
fishing, camping, horseback riding, flying, drama, concerts, and 
an active adult education programme. 

Applications and enquiries should be addressed to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

KAMLOOPS, B.C. 



SEPTEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



PROVINCIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF REGISTERED NURSES 



Alberta 

Alberta Association of Registered Nurses, 
10256 - 112 St., Edmonton. 
Pres.: Sister Ann Marie; Past Pres.: P.M. 
Moore; Vice-pres.: M.G. Purcell, E. Jame 
son, L. Rutherford; Committees Nursing 
Service: M. Parker; Public Relations: D. La- 
Belle; Staff Nurses: P. Yates; Supervisory 
Nurses: R. Erickson; Executive Secretary: 
H. Sabin; Registrar: D.J. Price. 

British Columbia 

Registered Nurses Association of British 
Columbia, 2130 West 12th Avenue, Van 
couver 9. 

Pres.: M. Lunn; Past Pres.: A. George; 
Vice-pres.: E. Bastable, M. Angus; Hon. 
Treasurer: T.J. McKenna; Hon. Secretary: 
K.M. Smith; Committees Nursing Edu 
cation: R. Cunningham; Public Relations: 
N. Fieldhouse; Nursing Service: V. Ru 
therford; Social & EC. Welfare: I. Mooney; 
Finance: T. McKenna; Legislation & By- 
Laws: C. Winning; Executive Secretary: E. 
S. Graham; Registrar: F. McQuarrie. 

Manitoba 

Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
247 Balmoral Street, Winnipeg 1. 
Pres.: H.P. Glass; Past Pres.: M.E. Wilson; 
Vice-pres.: I. McGinnis, M. Nugent; Com- 
mitttees Nursing Service: H. Beath; 
Nursing Education: K. McLaughlin; Public 
Relations: P.G. Morcombe; Legislation: H. 
Mazerall; Employment Relations Director: 

E. Svanhill; Registrar: M. Caldwell; Em 
ployment Relations Consultant: H.W. Dale; 
Executive Director: M.E. Cameron. 

New Brunswick 

New Brunswick Association of Registered 
Nurses, 231 Saunders Street, Fredericton. 
Pres.: K. Wright; Past Pres.: M.J. Ander 
son; Vice-pres.: A. Estabrooks, Sister Jac 
queline Bouchard; Hon. Secretary: S. Mac 
Leod; Committees Social & EC. Welfare: 
C. Bannister; Nursing Education: Sister J. 
Bourgeois; Nursing Service: Sister Therese 
Hache; Finance: A. Estabrooks; Legislation: 
M. MacLachlan; Public Relations: 1. Rum- 
sey; Employment Relations; J. Blue; Execu 
tive Secretary: G. Hermann; Registrar: L. 
Gladney. 

Newfoundland 

Association of Registered Nurses of New 
foundland, 95 Le Marchand Road, St. 
John s. 

Pres.: Sister M. Xaverius; Past Pres.: J. 
Story; Vice-pres.: M. Marsh, D. Pinsent, A. 
Simms; Committees Nursing Education: 

F. Jones; Nursing Service: J. Story; Legis 
lation & By-Laws: M. Evans; Finance: M. 
Marsh; Registration: M. Feehan; Social & 

80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



EC. Welfare: J. Lewis; Executive Secretary: 
P. Laracy; Asst. Executive Secretary: M. 
Cummings. 

Nova Scotia 

Registered Nurses Association of Nova Sco 
tia, 6035 Coburg Road, Halifax. 
Pres.: J. Church; Past Pres.: P. Lyttle; 
Vice-pres.: E. Purdy, M. Matheson, Sister 
M. Barbara; Committees Nursing Educa 
tion: Sister C. Marie; Nursing Service: R. 
Jenkins; Social & EC. Welfare: Sister T. 
Joseph; Executive Secretary: N. Watson; 
Recording Secretary: M. Riley. 

Ontario 

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 
33 Price Street, Toronto 5. 
Pres.: A. Wedgery; Past Pres.: E. Geiger; 
Pres. Elect.: L.E. Butler; Executive Direc 
tor: L.W. Barr. 

Prince Edward Island 

Association of Registered Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island, 188 Prince Street, Char- 
lottetown. 

Pres.: Sister M. Hermina; Past Pres.: A. 
Trainor; Vice-pres.: C. Corbett, S. Driscoll; 
Committees Nursing Education: M. 

Murphy; Nursing Service: Sister A. Celes- 
tine; Public Relations: C. Gordon; Finance: 
A. Trainor; Legislation & By-Laws: K. 
MacLennan; Social & EC. Welfare: G. Mac- 
Donald; Executive Secretary Registrar: 
H. Bolger. 

Quebec 

The Association of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec, 4200 Dorchester Street West, 
Montreal 6. 

Pres.: G. Jacobs; Past Pres.: H. Lament; 
Vice-pres.: (Eng.) J. Gilchrist, J. MacMil- 
lan; (Fr.) M. Jalbert, J. Monfette; Hon. 
Treas.: P.M. Allen; Hon. Sec.: O.L. Ga- 
reau; Committees Nursing Education: 
J.M. Gilchrist, Sister B. Lesage; Nursing 
Service: R. Doyon, T. Beliveau; Public Re 
lations: C. Rioux, B. Eggen; Labor Rela 
tions: B.C. Flanagan, G. Hotte; Legisla 
tions: B.C. Flanagan, G. Charbonneau; 
Councillors: Sister J. Gagnon, L. Audet, L. 
Rainville, C. Page, R. Bureau; Secretary- 
Registrar: H. Reimer. 

Saskatchewan 

Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion, 2066 Retallack Street, Regina. 
Pres.: A. Gunn; Past Pres.: V. Spencer; 
Vice-pres.: M. McKillop, Sister M. Rufina; 
Committees Nursing Education: A. 
Herd; Nursing Service: M. Tutty; Chapters 
& Public Relations: D. Ast; Social & Wel 
fare: C. Boyko; Executive Secretary; A. 
Mills; Registrar: G. Motta; School of Nurs 
ing Advisor: L. Long. 



ft 



CANADIAN 

NURSES 
ASSOCIATION 



Board of Directors 

President Sister M. Felicitas 

1st Vice-president E. Louise Miner 
2nd Vice- 
president Marguerite Schumacher 
Representative of Nursing 

Sisterhoods Sister T. Castonguay 

Chairman of Committee on Social & 
Economic Welfare .. Evelyn E. Hood 
Chairman of Committee on Nursing 

Service Margaret D. McLean 

Chairman of Committee on Nursing 

Education Kathleen E. Arpin 

AARN Sister Ann Marie, president 

RNABC M. Lunn, President 

MARN H.P. Glass, President 

NBARN K. Wright, President 

ARNN Sister M. Xaverius, president 

RNANS J. Church, president 

RNAO A. Wedgery, president 

ANPEI Sister M. Hermina, president 

ANPQ G. Jacobs, president 

SRNA A. Gunn, president 



National Office 

Executive 

Director Helen K. Mussallem 

Associate Executive 

Director Lillian E. Pettigrew 

General 

Manager Ernest Van Raalte 

Research and Advisory Services: 

Director Lois Graham-Cumming 

Education Margaret Steed 

Higher Education Shirley R. Good 

Service Frances Howard 

Socio-Economic 

Welfare Glenna S. Rowsell 

Library Margaret L. Parkin 

Information Services: 

Public Relations .... June I. Ferguson 

Editor, The Canadian 

Nurse Virginia A. Lindabury 

Editor, L infirmiere 

canadienne Claire Bigue 



SEPTEMBER 



Octo 






The 



Canadian 
Nurse 




children and anesthesia 

contraceptive practices 
past and present 

hemodialysis and 

renal transplant programs 



of 



idea exchange 








B 



O 



edside nursing 

perating room technique 

peration of nursing homes 

nowledge for diabetics 

. all from 



O 



K 



S 




Sutton 

Bedside Nursing Techniques 

By Audrey Latshaw Sutton, R.N., Director of Nursing Service, 
Edgewood General Hospital, Berlin, N.J. 

This lavishly illustrated book is virtually a postgradu 
ate course in clinical nursing. In clear, precise lang 
uage, supplemented by more than 800 illustrations, it 
tells exactly how to perform hundreds of advanced 
nursing procedures, such as maintaining airway for 
the comatose patient, preparing the patient for car 
diac catheterization, irrigatina the colon, measuring 
venous pressure, teaching the hemiplegic to sit, stand, 
etc. 

364 pp., 820 i//us. $8.65. February, 1965. 




7 



McQuillan ^ Ju 

Nursing Home Administration 



A 

ing 
of 



By Florence L. McQuillan, R.N., M.S., Consulting Editor, Nursi 
Home Administration; Field Representative, Commonwealth 
Pennsylvania. 

Practical, complete, and authoritative, this new book 
gives sound advice on every aspect of nursing home 
management, from building design to community re 
lations. The author describes tested procedures for 
dealing with such problems as medical record keeping, 
personnel administration, inventory and purchasing 
control, and training of nurse s aides. She discusses in 
detail the requirements for accreditation of a nursing 
home, and gives valuable suggestions on meeting the 
dietary, recreational, and rehabilitational needs of 
patients. 

About 418 pp. ///us. About $11.00. New Just ready. 



re & Finnegan 
he Patient in Surgery 

By George LeMaitre, M.D., Boston, Mass., and Janet A. Finnegan, 
R.N., Northeastern University School of Nursing. 

Here is an up-to-date text and manual of nursing 
practice in the O.R. for both the practicing nurse and 
the advanced student. After an introductory section 
devoted to the principles of surgery and of pre- and 
postoperative care, the authors provide 54 short chap 
ters that outline the nurse s responsibilities and spe 
cial problems in specific procedures, such as appen 
dectomy, hernioplasty, suprapubic prostatectomy, tra- 
chaeostomy, pulmonary lobectomy, and many others. 

399 pp. ///us. Soft cover. $5.75. October, 1965. 

New 2nd Edition 

Duncan A Modern Pilgrim s 

Progress for Diabetics 

j^^ 

By Garfield G. Duncan, M.D., C.M., F.A.C.P. in collaboration with 
Theodore G. Duncan, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P., both of the University 
of Pennsylvania. 

Designed to help the diabetic patient learn to live a 
full life, this appealing book will also help the nurse 
gain a fuller understanding of the diabetic s problems. 
Medically sound, easy to read, and cleverly illustrated, 
it tells the story of one diabetic s life and her con 
tacts with other diabetics in the home, clinic, hos 
pital, and children s camp. Every episode is a pain 
lessly presented lesson. An appendix gives sound ad 
vice on care of insulin injecting equipment, signs of 
oncoming coma, diet, etc. The latest advances are de 
scribed in this new second edition. 

227 pp. ///us. $4.05. New (2nd) Edition, July, 1967. 



w. 



Published 

B. SAUNDERS 

Philadelphia and London 



by O 

i COMPANY Mc> 



rder your copies from 

McAINSH & CO. LTD. 

1835 Yonge St., Toronto 7 



When soap and seasons 
conspire against skin... 



Over-frequent bathing can cause once-supple 
skin to become dry, chapped, flaky or itchy. 
Add to this seasonal overdoses of sun, wind, 
or cold, and skin just doesn t have a chance ! 

Patients with skin problems CAN find effective, 
immediate relief with LUBRIDERM, the oil-in- 
water emulsion with 20% lubricating content. 
LUBRIDERM cools, hydrates and softens, and 
at the same time forms a protective barrier over 
the skin to reduce further dehydration. And 
LUBRIDERM smoothes easily into the skin 
without being sticky or greasy. 



Recommended for relief of bath pruritus, 
senile pruritis, pruritis hiemalis, asteatosis, 
ichthyosis, windburn, sunburn and chapped skin. 
Sold only through pharmacies. 
Texas Pharmacal Company 
Now distributed in Canada by 

WARNER-CHILCOTT 
LABORATORIES CO. LIMITED 

TORONTO CANADA 




LUBRIDERM 



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OR CREAM 



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COMPOSITION : Lotion, oxycholesterin, mineral oil, sorbitol, cetyl alcohol, 
triethanolamine stearate and purified water. 



Cream, oxycholesterin, glycerin, cetyl alcohol, 
petrolatum blend and purified water. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 1 



Dermoplast 









Better than a feather pillow for relief from 
postepisiotomy discomfort 

Soothing anesthetic spray relieves postepisiotomy surface pain and itching in seconds - 
without the need for touching sensitive, affected areas while promoting healing and 
fighting infection. Also provides quick relief from pain of postpartum hemorrhoids. 

Composition : Ben/ocaine : Benzethonium chloride ; Menthol, 8-Hydroxyqumolme benzoate. end Methytparaben, dissolved in oils. 
Other indications: }- use in relieving pain, preventing infection, and coating burns, surface wounds, lacerations. 

Administration: Hold can in a convenient position at least 12 inches away from affected area. 

and press button :wo or three times daiiy, or as directed by the physician A sterile gauze dressing, 

jQht necessary. Contraindication: Allergy to benzocame Note: Chemical, acid or 

. "tore applying DERMOPIAST. If dirt is present, spray with DERMOPLAST, then 

. :h mild soap solution, rinse thoroughly and respray with DERMOPLAST. Warning: Keep away from eyes 
"-j not apply to face while using oxygen resuscitator. Stains on synthetic fabrics, such as nylon or rayon, are removable 
ot contain bleach. Supply: No 1001, in containers of 3 avdp oz (Prescription Size). 
n available on request. 



AYERST LABORATORIES, Division of Ay erst, McKenna & Harrison Limited, Montreal, Canada 




M-t803/9,67 



2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 10 



October 1967 



25 Editorial 

26 Children and anesthesia N. Kingsley 

29 Contraceptive Practices past and present I.C. Milton 

32 Present status of renal transplantation J.B. Dossetor 

35 Nursing care in renal transplantation J. MacDonald 

40 Nursing the patient on long-term hemodialysis L. Nesbitt 

42 Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra D.D. Morehouse 

44 Anomalies and infection of genitourinary tract D. Ackman 

46 Idea exchange 

The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 

15 Names 

20 In a Capsule 

48 Research Abstracts 

54 Films 



7 News 
18 Dates 
22 New Products 
49 Books 
55 Accession List 



Cover photo courtesy of Women s College Hospital and the National Film Board of 
Canada. Photographer: John Reeves, Toronto. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glcnnis N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
Loral A. Graham Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in india ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment 
of postage in cash. Postpaid at Montreal. 
Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4. Ontario. 



What happens when an organizatk 
with a worthy cause has few member 
little money, and a W.K. Kellogg 
Foundation grant that is about to enc 
One of three things: it either ceases 
to exist, cuts back on its program, 
or starts an intensive campaign to 
convince non-members that it deservi 
their support. 

The Canadian Nurses Foundatioi 
which fits the above description, 
decided to follow the latter course a 
few years ago. It invited a firm that 
specializes in campaign promotion tc 
tackle the problem of selling CNF - 
the only national organization in 
Canada that provides nursing 
scholarships for higher education and 
grants for nursing research to the 
public. Unfortunately, the scheme 
never got beyond the first meeting. 
How can you expect to get public 
support, the promoters asked, if you 
don t have the support of nurses 
themselves? 

A good point. And nurses 
certainly are not supporting CNF. 

As of June 30 this year, only 992 
of the more than 112,000 registered 
nurses in Canada had paid their two 
dollar membership fee to the CNF. 
Does this mean that the remainder ai 
against the principle of higher 
education for nurses? We think not. 
In fact, it is belittling to our 
colleagues to suggest this. 

We believe that many nurses do m 
support CNF because they know 
little about it. In other words, CNF 
has suffered from a lack of publicity. 

How many nurses know, for 
example, that since its incorporation 
in 1962, CNF has provided financial 
assistance, totalling $175,775., to 45 
master s and 8 doctoral candidates? 
That CNF would provide assistance 
to more nurses, at the baccalaureate 
as well as master s and doctoral level, 
if it had more funds? 

How many know that the W.K. 
Kellogg Foundation grant ended this 
year? And that 1967 contributions 
from individual members totalled on 
$2,207. an amount that on its ow 
would help to support only one 
candidate? 

How many nurses know that by 
sending a tax-deductable fee of two 
dollars to the Canadian Nurses 
Foundation, 50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario, they can become 
members and supporters of an 
organization whose sole objective is i 
improve nursing in Canada? 

V.A. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Physician criticizes editorial 

The editors asked Dr. C. J. Varvis to com 
ment on the editorial in the September 1967 
issue of The Canadian Nurse and to de 
fend his statement that the nurse is the 
"handmaiden" of the physician. Here are 
his comments. 

Dear Editor: 

I am convinced that the term "hand 
maiden" is misinterpreted as a "master-slave 
attitude" by the nursing profession. I re 
main adamant and unconvinced of any er 
ror in my thinking. Mr. Wedgery s "well- 
worded rebuttal" merely confirms my point. 

Nurses do not know what they want and 
are still searching for a role on the med 
ical team. They are incapable of choosing 
one with confidence, and hide this inability 
by withdrawing into a self-policed, self- 
taught, self-monitored world that excludes 
all criticism. 

In any patient s illness, there is only one 
person capable of directing its overall man 
agement intelligently. All other participants 
in this management are there to aid this 
person. Whether this person is called a doc 
tor or a chef matters little. Just as two 
chefs will not attempt to prepare the same 
stew at the same time, neither will two 
doctors attempt to treat the same patient. 
Yet for some bizzare reason you have mis 
taken the CM. A. Journal article as support 
for such "equal partnership status." These 
are delusions of grandeur that only the 
naive would assume. Under no circum 
stances can a nurse be the equal partner of 
the physician. 

Had you read with care the neatly word 
ed parable of the "Prince and the Hand- 
Maiden," you would have discovered that 
the handmaiden had indeed assumed new 
status. She no longer participated in the 
functions assigned to "the prince"; she had 
assumed new functions in another area al 
together. The role of nursing today is not 
the care of the sick through assistance to 
the physician, it is the care of the sick 
through assistance to the hospital adminis 
trator. 

The nurse has altered her status to that 
of guardian whose job it is to see that no 
harm comes to the patient, no evil to the 
hospital, and no problems to her hospital 
administrator. Her job has evolved into a 
liaison role between lay hospital administra 
tion and medical management of illness. If 
nursing standards are to be improved under 
these conditions, courses in business admin 
istration are of more value than instruction 
in the variations of a weak, thready pulse! 



This is indeed a new role. No wonder 
the Prince had difficulty in recognizing this 
"handmaiden" - she just switched places! 
C.J. Varvis, M.D., Edmonton, Alberta. 



Work wanted section ? 

Dear Editor: 

Your classified advertisement section is 
very helpful. Would it be possible to include 
a work-wanted section? It would be espe 
cially helpful for nurses going to another 
province or city, or for a nurse wishing to 
move to a different field of nursing. Ad 
vertisements could be paid in the same way 
as the help wanted advertisements. Dawn 
Moynihan, Montreal, Quebec. 

Patients opinions 

Dear Editor: 

Each junior student nurse in our school 
of nursing was given the task of interview 
ing one of her patients. It was believed that 
by questioning the patient we would have 
a better understanding of him. Also, it was 
hoped that this project would show that 
research could be done by nurses in their 
own environment. Our "research" was done 
on a small scale, but proved enlightening. 

The majority of patients whom we in 
terviewed thought of nurses as very special 
people, who did all they could to make 
their stay in hospital comfortable and pleas 
ant. They looked for nurses who were 
neat, cheerful, and cooperative. Patients 
were relieved when nurses responded quick 
ly to their requests: "When a nurse acts 
promptly, 1 don t feel as though I ve been 
a bother by interrupting her work," one 
elderly gentleman commented. 

Patients believed that the nurse should 
help them bathe and eat when they were 
unable to attend to these needs themselves. 
All agreed that a good nurse tries to anti 
cipate the individual needs of the patient, 
e.g., by finding an interpreter if he speaks 
a foreign language. 

The patients wanted a nurse in whom 
they felt confident, and who would consider 
the privacy and individual care of a pa 
tient; they found nothing more embarras 
sing or distressing than exposure or ne 
glect. They believed that the good nurse 
pays attention to small details, such as 
supplying information about spiritual ar 
rangements in the hospital, or offering to 
go for cigarets without a reminder. 

Patients had only a few requests con 
cerning rooming conditions. Persons who 
share a common language, religion, ideal, 
and age were preferred as room-mates. The 



sick preferred to be with the sick, and the 
up and about with the up and about. Pa 
tients looked for some form of recreation 
while in hospital; many had no visitors, 
and to them time seemed indefinite. 

We recognize that patient s wishes are 
very important; however, the nurse must be 
able to explain situations where it is not 
possible to follow them. For instance, the 
patient may fail to see the necessity of 
being fed when he is on complete bed rest. 
He may need help to recognize the value 
of the care being given. 

Although much is being done for the 
patient, there is still much to do. It would 
be well for all of us to evaluate our work 
and renew our ideals accordingly. Caro 
lyn MacKay, Hotel Dieu Hospital School of 
Nursing, Chatham, New Brunswick. 

Responsibility not doctor s 

Dear Editor: 

As a registered nurse with experience in 
other countries, I agree with many aspects 
of Rosemarie Gascoyne s letter (July 1967) 
that discussed the profession s current in 
adequacies. However, I disagree with her 
belief that responsibility for any restrictive 
practices can be laid on the doctor. Present 
leaders and all members of the nursing pro 
fession, rather than the doctors, bear this 
responsibility. 

With the advent of nationalized medicine 
and its anticipated increased demands on 
the medical profession, a revitalized and 
efficient nursing service is an urgent need. 
An excellent starting point toward meeting 
this need would be improved communica 
tion and cooperation between nurses. 

Intelligent girls who are prepared to ac 
cept responsibilities can have a life that is 
richly rewarding in human experiences and 
at the same time return nursing to its once 
respected status. - - Elizabeth E. Rogers. 
Edmonton, Alberta. 

Journals needed 
Dear Editor: 

The members of the Student Nurses As 
sociation of Trinidad and Tobago are avid 
readers of your magazine. Unfortunately, 
due to limited resources, we are unable to 
subscribe. 

We would therefore be grateful if any 
nurses or associations could donate copies 
of the journal to our association. They 
need not be new - - any available ones 
would be appreciated. Mr. Michael 
Phillips, President, Student Nurses Asso 
ciation of Trinidad and Tobago. P.O.S. 
General Hospital, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. 



4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



If you were design 
urethral cath tray, 

G A 1200cc rigid plastic drainage collection tray? 

[H Either a 14 or 16 French Robinson Catheter? 

G A 3 oz. specimen container and label? 

G A sterile overwrap to provide a sterile field? 

G A pair of disposable ambidextrous plastic gloves? 

G A waterproof underpad? 

G A fenestrated drape? 

G Five rayon balls in a plastic cup? 

G Benzalkonium Chloride (1.750) 30cc s? 

G Disposable Forceps? 

G Water soluble lubricant? 



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would you include 

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the tray after use. 




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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



news 



Plans Complete For CNA 
Regional Workshops 

Four remaining regional workshops for 
directors and assistant directors of nursing 
services, sponsored by the Canadian Nurses 
Association, are to be held in October and 
November, 1967. 

Theme of the workshops is Improve 
ment of Nursing Service in Hospitals 
Through the Problem-solving Approach. 
Speakers will discuss techniques of problem 
solving with the aim of stimulating direc 
tors to use the problem-solving approach in 
the administration of nursing services. 

The consultant on problem solving at 
the Toronto conference, which will be held 
October 17-20. 1967, is Dr. Winston Ma- 
hatao, associate professor of commerce, Mc- 
Master University, Hamilton. Jean Ander 
son, director of nursing at Vicoria Public 
Hospital, Fredericton, New Brunswick, and 
Hazel Keeler, director of the school of 
nursing at the University of Saskatchewan, 
also will address the delegates. 

Dr Mahatao will lead discussions again 
at the London, Ontario workshop, Novem 
ber 7-10, 1967. Speakers will be Margaret 
Cameron, executive director of the Man 
itoba Association of Registered Nurses, and 
Ryllys Cutler, assistant professor, school of 
nursing. University of New Brunswick. 

The Regina workshop will be held Oc 
tober 24-27, 1967, with Dr. Larry Moore, 
faculty of commerce and business adminis 
tration, University of British Columbia, act 
ing as consultant. Other speakers are Mary 
Richmond, director of nursing at the Van 
couver General Hospital, and Margaret 
Street, associate professor at the school of 
nursing. University of British Columbia. 

The workshop to be held in Quebec City, 
November 28 to December 1, is to be con 
ducted in the French language. English- 
speaking nurses from Quebec are invited to 
attend one of the Ontario workshops, while 
French-speaking nurses from New Bruns 
wick are invited to the Quebec City work 
shop. 

Nova Scotia Nursing Students 
Provide New Scholarship 

Halifax. The Student Nurses Asso 
ciation of Nova Scotia has set up a fund 
to provide scholarship assistance for a 
member who plans to further her education 
in nursing. The scholarship will be awarded 
for the first time in 1968. 

Schools of nursing throughout the prov 
ince have assisted in raising money for the 
fund. A doll raffle has been used as the 
major money-raising project. 



Russian Health Services Theme of Meeting 




A lively discussion on health and medicine in the USSR took place recently 
at a meeting conducted by the education and nursing committees of District 
XI, French Chapter, of the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec. 
The meeting, which was held on the grounds of Expo 67, was followed by a 
supper in the Russian pavilion. Left to right are Violet Anutoosmkin, inter 
preter for the group, Germaine Lacharite, Nicole DuMouchel, and Dr. Oup- 
kina, a doctor from the emergency clinic of the Russian pavilion at Expo 67. 



The scholarship will be awarded to a 
member of the 1968 graduating class. Fac 
ulty from each of the 15 schools will be 
asked to submit the name of the candidate, 
based on criteria established by the students 
association. The final selection of the can 
didate will be made by a draw at the 
annual meeting. 

SRNA Holds Workshops 
On Collective Bargaining 

Regina. The Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association is sponsoring six one- 
day workshops on collective bargaining to 
help members to be better informed on the 
subject. Workshops will be held in October 
in six cities throughout the province. Glen- 
na Rowsell, nursing consultant in social and 
economic welfare of the Canadian Nurses 
Association, is the discussion leader and 
principal speaker. 

The first workshop will be held in Regina 
on October 4. Others are scheduled for 
Yorkton October 10. Humbolt October 12, 
Saskatoon October 16, Prince Albert Oc 
tober 18, and North Battleford October 20. 

Topics for discussion will include a re 



view of the essentials of bargaining proce 
dures, the possible role of the SRNA in 
collective bargaining, and procedures to be 
carried out by individual groups who wish 
to organize a bargaining unit. 

Miss Rowsell will also hold a two-day 
workshop on collective bargaining for SRNA 
chapter presidents and members of the so 
cial and economic welfare committee. This 
workshop will take place in Regina, Oc 
tober 5 and 6. 

Additions to CNA Archives 

Ottawa. - - A start has been made on 
what is planned as a permanent collection 
of Canadian nursing caps. The Canadian 
Nurses Association recently received six 
different caps from schools of nursing 
across the country. 

The oldest are from the Mack Training 
School for Nurses, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
They date from 1878 and 1900. 

A sei 01 mimary ouuons worn in both 
the First and Second World Wars also has 
been sent for the Archives Collection. 

When the new CNA House was built, an 
archives room was provided as part of the 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



library facilities, and the library became 
responsible for a permanent archives col 
lection. 

"We are anxious to receive items for the 
collection." reported Miss Margaret Parkin, 
CNA Librarian. "If an effort is not made 
now to preserve items of historical signif 
icance, they will disappear irretrievably," 
she added. 

The CNA also proposes to establish a 
central index or catalogue of items of his 
torical significance. The aim of this pro 
ject, which was initiated by the National 
Office Auxiliary, is to have readily avail 
able in one location, full information on 
the resources of historical material on nurs 
ing in Canada. 

Informal Course for 
"Instant Librarians" 

Ottawa. - - Informal one-day programs 
for non-professional staff employed in hos 
pital libraries is the latest project of the 
Canadian Nurses Association. CNA Li 
brarian Margaret Parkin has received five 
visitors, non-professional librarians from 
hospitals and regional schools in southern 
Ontario and Quebec for one-day visits to 
discuss library problems, and for orienta 
tion to the special needs of personnel in 
hospitals and schools of nursing for library 
service. 

"This program is at best a stop-gap in 
view of the shortage of qualified librarians 
for these libraries." said Miss Parkin, "how 
ever it does permit us to use our personnel 
and resources to the best advantage. We 
can discuss mutual problems, and it gives 
the visitor an introduction to the CNA 
library resources available to CNA members 
and nursing libraries." 

Library staff from schools of nursing can 
apply for visits to CNA Library. "We be 
lieve even this small program helps the 
non-professional librarian to provide opti- 
( mum library service, and good nursing edu 
cation, service, and research are dependent. 
to some degree at least, on the availability 
of such service," she added. 

After Seven Years 
Baccalaureate Nurses Earn 
More Than Teachers 

New York. Seven year:, after college, 
the average annual salaries of nurses are 
slightly higher than those for teachers. 
Nurses are still well down (eighth) on the 
lists of average salaries, ranking after die 
titians or home economists and social, wel 
fare, and recreation workers. 

These statistics are for the United States 
in 1964, and were released recently by the 
American Nurses Association, and based on 
a U.S. Department of Labor Bulletin. 



Leprosy Control in Dahomey Aided by UNICEF 




Dr. Roger Akouete of Dahomey one of Africa s new young nations, smiles at 
a young citizen who appears to have a healthy start in life. Dr. Akouete, 
medicin-chef of the leprosy section of Grandes Endemies, a government or 
ganization for action against mass diseases, is on a visit to the southern Da 
homey water village of Ganvie. Aid to the project was provided in the form 
of transportation and drugs by the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF). 
Again this Halloween, Canadian children will help children around the world 
by making their annual door-to-door collection for UNICEF on October 31. 



In a table listing average annual salaries 
for women college graduates seven years 
after graduation, chemists, mathematicians, 
and statisticians are shown as receiving the 
highest yearly income - - $8,039 on the 
average. Managers and officials rank second, 
with $7,466, and miscellaneous school work 
ers (not teachers) are third, with $6,744. 

Nurses rank in eighth position, with a 
yearly average salary of $6.078. Teachers 
were reported to receive $5,589. 

The nurses salaries were slightly above 
the national average for women graduates, 
$5,947. 

Dalhousie Announces Changes 
In Nursing Program 

Halifax. The school of nursing of 
Dalhousie University has announced changes 
in its three-year degree program offered for 
registered nurses. Changes will be effective 
September, 1968. 

The new program, designed to increase 
the content and depth of the course, pro 
vides professional studies throughout the 



three years. In the first year, professional 
subjects will include current trends in nurs 
ing and a public health science course. In 
the second year, students will study normal 
growth and development and principles of 
administration and teaching, as well as one 
of the following specialties: medical-surgical 
nursing; obstetrical nursing; psychological 
nursing; or public health nursing. In the 
final year students will take a course in 
either nursing service administration or cur 
riculum development in schools of nursings, 
along with the clinical application of their 
specialty. Subjects from the faculty of Arts 
and Science are also included in all three 
years. 

Credit obtained in present one-year di 
ploma programs cannot be applied toward 
the degree course after 1970. 

The school will continue to offer the 
one-year diploma course in public health 
nursing, teaching in schools of nursing, and 
nursing service administration, and the two- 
year course in outpost nursing. 

(Continued on page 10) 



8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 




Use Abbott s Butterfly Infusion Set 
in an adult arm? 



Certainly. The fact is. today more Abbott 
"Butterfly Infusion Sets" are used in adult 
arms and hands, etc., than in infant 
scalps. 

Good reason. 

Abbott s Butterfly Infusion Set simplifies 
venipuncture in difficult patients. It has 
proved fine in squirming infants. But it has 
proved equally helpful in restless adults, 
and in oldsters with fragile, rolling veins. 
And, once in place, the small needle, 
ultraflexible tubing, and stabilizing wings 
tend to prevent needle movement, and to 
avoid vascular damage. 

Folding Butterfly Wings 
The Butterfly wings are flexible. Like a 
butterfly. They fold upward for easy grasp 
ing. They let you manoeuver the needle 
with great accuracy, even when the 




needle shaft is held flat against the skin. 
Then, once the needle is inserted, the 
wings spread flat. They conform to the 
skin. They provide a stable anchorage for 
taping. The needle can be immobilized so 
securely and so flat to the skin that there 
is little hazard of a fretful patient dis 
lodging or moving it. 



Five Peel- Pack Sets 

To accommodate patients of various ages, 
Abbott supplies Butterfly Infusion Sets in 
5 sizes. Four provide thinwall (extra- 
capacity) needles. The Butterfly-25, -23, 
-21 and -19 come with a small-lumen 
vinyl tubing. The 1 6-gauge size, however, 
provides tubing of proportionately en 
larged capacity, and thus is particularly 
suited to mass blood or solution infusions 
in surgery. 

The sets are supplied in sterile "peel- 
pack" envelopes. Just peel the envelope 
apart. Drop the set onto a sterile tray- 
it s ready for use in any sterile area. Your 
Abbott Man willgladlygiveyou 
material for evaluation. Or 
write to Abbott Laboratories, 
Box 6150. Montreal. Quebec. 




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OCTOBER 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



(Continued from page 8) 

Hamilton Civic Hospital Nurses 
Apply for Certification 

Hamilton. Hamilton Civic nurses have 
become the ninth hospital group in Ontario 
to apply to the Labor Relations Board for 
certification as bargaining agent for nurses. 
These groups have been assisted by the Reg 
istered Nurses Association of Ontario. 

The request was made after three months 
of activity, in which both the Nurses Asso 
ciation Hamilton Civic Hospitals and the 
Canadian Union of Public Employees sought 
to represent Hamilton nurses. CUPE, which 
represents public health nurses in Toronto 



and London and non-professional workers 
in various hospitals, withdrew its bid in 
early August. 

Both the nurses and hospital management 
requested that the Labor Relations Board 
appoint an examiner to study the functions 
and classifications of nurses. The nurses 
want all positions below the level of assist 
ant director of nursing and assistant dir 
ector of the school of nursing to be in 
cluded in the bargaining unit. The hospital 
hopes to exclude head nurses, supervisors, 
and registered nurses who are not involved 
in direct patient care. However, it is pos 
sible that the bargaining unit will be agreed 
upon by negotiation between the parties, 
rather than through examination. 

Hamilton Civic Hospitals, operating Ha 
milton General Hospital and Henderson 
General Hospital, employ approximately 
900 nurses. 




LIPPINCOTT S QUICK REFERENCE BOOK FOR NURSES 

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Author Panel from the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, 
Columbia University, Columbia University School of Nursing, New 
York. 

Through eight editions this widely-used reference has provided quick access to key facts and in 
formation so vital to nursing practice. The material is organized so that the book is as easy to con 
sult as a dictionary. Insertion of tabular material, in direct alignment with related subjects, permits 
rapid consultation. 

Current technics, commonly-used treatments and nursing care are concisely presented in six major 
classifications: Nursing Technics, Medical and Surgical Nursing, Maternity Nursing, Nursing of Chil 
dren, Normal and Therapeutic Diets and Pharmacology. 

The Pharmacology section of the 1967 Printing has been expanded to include the new approved 
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This compact, 800-page reference can be recommended, without reservation, as an invaluable aid 
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Quo Vadis School 
Graduates Second Class 

Toronto. - - Canada s unique school of 
nursing for mature women graduated its 
second class on Saturday, September 9, 1967. 
Twenty-nine members of the Quo Vadis 
School of Nursing received their diplomas 
in ceremonies at Convention Hall at the 
University of Toronto. 

The Quo Vadis School is unique in that 
it was established for mature students, 30 
to 50 years of age. Of the 29 members of 
the graduating class, 22 are married; 19 have 
families; four are grandmothers. 

Most of the new graduates are from the 
province of Ontario; the remainder include 
five from the western provinces, two from 
Quebec, and one from the United States. 
They began their nursing studies in Sep 
tember 1965, and wrote registration exam 
inations in August 1967. They all propose 
to work in Ontario. 

The Quo Vadis School is incorporated as 
a two-year independent school of nursing. 
It has its own board of directors; financial 
support is provided by the Ontario govern 
ment through the Ontario Hospital Services 
Commission. A new building for the school 
is under construction on the grounds of the 
Queensway General Hospital. 

Montreal Neurological Hospital 
Announces New Scholarship 

Montreal. The establishment of the 
Hartland B. MacDougall Nursing Scholar 
ship was announced recently by Bertha I. 
Cameron, director of nursing at the Mont 
real Neurological Hospital. 

The scholarship, worth $500, is to be 
awarded annually to nurses of the Montreal 
Neurological Institute for advanced study. 

Nursing Leader On Committee 
To Choose Outstanding Civil 
Servant For 1967 

Ottawa. Alice Girard, prominent nurs 
ing leader, has been named to a five-man 
committee to select the 1967 recipient of 
the Award for Outstanding Achievement in 
the Public Service of Canada. She is the 
first woman to be so chosen. 

Miss Girard is dean of the Faculty of 
Nursing, University of Montreal, and presi 
dent of the International Council of Nurses. 
She was a member of the Royal Commis 
sion on Health Services in Canada, and 
this year received the Florence Nightingale 
Medal of the International Red Cross for 
her contributions to the nursing profession. 

Heads of all public service organizations, 
including the RCMP and the armed forces, 
have been asked for nominations for this 
highest award available to federal public 
servants. The award will be presented by 
the Governor-General at a ceremony at 
Government House early in December. It 
consists of a citation and an honorarium 
(Continued on page 12) 



10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 







soft testimony to your patients comfort 



Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin ; relieves dryness, itching and cracking ... aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". , . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
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OCTOBER 1967 



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64 Colgate Avenue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



(Continued from page 10) 

of $5,000. 

Chairman of the Committee to select the 
award is the Honorable John Valentine 
Clyne, chairman and chief officer of Mac- 
Millan Bloedel Ltd., Vancouver. Other 
members of the Committee are: T. Norbert 
Beaupre, chairman of the board, Domtar 
Ltd., Montreal; Douglas V. LePan, princi 
pal, University College, University of To 



ronto; and Pierre Gendron, vice-president 
and director general, Canadian Breweries 
Eastern Division, Montreal. 

International Conference 
Discusses "New Families" 

Quebec. Delegates from more than 30 
countries met August 27 to September 2 at 
Laval University for the 18th International 
Conference on the Family. It was a Con 
vention for Couples for the International 
Union of Family Organizations, the spon 
soring body, has its reason for being in 
married couples and its business and theme 
is family life. 




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The conference had an overall theme of 
"New Families in Society." According to 
Pierre Brien, coordinator for the confer 
ence, new families encounter difficulties un 
known to the previous generations. "They 
have to adapt themselves to new theories 
about the role of women in society, family 
planning, and the education of children and 
adolescents," he pointed out. "One of their 
most crucial problems is undoubtedly the 
use of credit. Through the conference, we 
hope we can encourage more active partic 
ipation in family movements that can assist 
governments in establishing policies that are 
in line with the needs of families today," he 
said. 

Speakers and discussions centered on four 
main subjects: formation of new families; 
standard of living of new families; housing; 
and participation of new families in or 
ganizations that will assist them to adapt 
to present-day society. 

American Dietetics Association 
Holds Fiftieth Anniversary 
Meeting in Chicago 

Chicago. The fiftieth anniversary 

meeting of the American Dietetic Associa 
tion was held, August 14 to 18, 1967. 

Among several sessions held during the 
week was a symposium on diet and heart 
disease, co-sponsored by ADA and the 
American Heart Association. Dr. James M. 
Hundley of the Presbyterian Medical Cen 
ter, San Francisco, addressed the delegates. 

Co-sponsors with ADA for a symposium 
on Diabetes Education were the U.S. Public 
Health Service and the American Diabetes 
Association. Ester Peterson, assistant secre 
tary of labor, reviewed the availability of 
manpower, with the emphasis on women, 
during a symposium on manpower. 

An exhibition consisting of 289 booths 
ran from August 15 - 17, with 195 food 
and service equipment companies represent 
ed. 

The Illinois Dietetic Association was host 
for the meeting, which was honored by the 
proclamation of Nutrition Week in Illinois 
by Governor Otto J. Kerner. 

Conference for Editors 
of Nursing Journals 

New York. A magazine s state of 
health can be gauged by its circulation and 
by the number of letters it receives from 
its readers, the editor of Nursing Times, 
Peggy Nuttall, told state bulletin editors at 
tending a conference in New York City 
August 24 and 25. "If your circulation 
graph rises and the number of letters to 
the editor is on the increase, then your 
magazine is in a healthy state," Miss Nuttall 
said. "On the other hand, if both the 
number of subscribers and the letters to the 
editor remain the same or tend to drop, the 
magazine s health is questionable." 

Miss Nuttall was one of several partic- 
(Continued on page 14) 



12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 







Save hours of your time y^ 1r^1ov Q 

by replacing the enema with... L/ 111CO12 X Suppositories 




Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time- 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans all must be drawn from Central Supply, in 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 

And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 



Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 

Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 1 5 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 



(brand of bisacodyl) 

Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 

Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 

Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 



OCTOBER 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 





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14 THE CANADIAN MUKSE 



cosities and leg fatigue among women who 
spend many hours daily on their feet: house 
wives, nurses, teachers, waitresses, salesclerks 
and hairdressers. Your patients will doubly 
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for 
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news 



(Continued from page 12) 

ipants at the Conference, sponsored by the 
American Journal of Nursing Company in 
cooperation with the American Nurses As 
sociation. Others included Charles Ferguson, 
senior editor, Reader s Digest; John Peter, 
editorial staff, Look; and Barbara G. Schutt, 
editor, Grethchen Gerds, managing editor, 
and Thelma M. Schorr, senior editor, Amer 
ican Journal of Nursing. Philip E. Day, 
executive director of the American Journal 
of Nursing Company, was conference chair 
man. 

The editors of THE CANADIAN NURSE and 
L INFIRMIERE CANADIENNE attended the con 
ference. 

Voluntary Emergency Forces Gives 
1,000,000 Hours of Service 

Montreal. -- Expo 67 will be long re 
membered, not only for its magnificent 
buildings, art collections, theatrical produc 
tions, and scientific wonders, but also for 
the millions of people from all over the 
world who visited the Expo grounds during 
1967. Interesting as they were, these mil 
lions posed special problems of accident 
treatment and prevention, however, prob 
lems that have been the special concern of 
a team of men and women from every 
province in Canada who have been on duty 
seven days a week, 17 hours a day, in 
teams of about 45 at a time, and at 9 differ 
ent first aid posts throughout the grounds. 

The St. John Ambulance Association and 
Brigade has provided this extraordinary 
volunteer service. "While others prepare to 
celebrate our centenary, St. John prepares 
to serve in "67," said the organization s an 
nual report of 1965. And serve it has. 

In addition to staffing nine Expo 67 first 
aid posts, the St. John Ambulance Associa 
tion provided first aid coverage along the 
routes of the Centennial Train and the Cen 
tennial Caravans, at the Pan American 
Games in Winnipeg, and at hundreds of 
exhibitions, sports events, and public gather 
ings of all kinds. In short, the approximately 
11,000 members of the St. John Ambulance 
Brigade gave to Canadians almost one mil 
lion hours in voluntary public service in 
the year. 

Around the world the St. John Ambu 
lance Association offers first aid service in 
times of accident, sickness or disaster. An 
important part of its program is its training 
courses, not only in first aid, but also in 
home nursing and child care; across Canada 
last year, over 135,000 persons passed these 
courses. In its Save-A-Life artificial respira 
tion classes, St. John expects to train at 
least 175,000 persons in 1967. This pro 
gram, started in 1954, trained its one mil 
lionth person last year. rj 

OCTOBER 1967 



names 





Loral A. Graham 

became editorial as 
sistant for THE CANA 
DIAN NURSE on Sep 
tember 18, 1967. 

Mrs, Graham grad 
uated from Carleton 
University with an 
honors degree in Eng 
lish in 1966. She 
was employed by the National Research 
Council as information services officer be 
fore joining the editorial staff of the jour 
nal. 

Mrs. Graham replaces Carla D. Perm, who 
has left the staff to travel abroad. 

Nicole Beaudry- 

Johnson recently join 
ed the editorial staff 
of L infirmiere cana- 
dienne. 

A graduate of 1 Ho- 
pital Maisonneuve in 
Montreal, Mrs. Beau- 
dry-Johnson obtained 
a bachelor s degree in 
education and nursing from 1 Institut Mar 
guerite d Youville. She then studied public 
relations at McGill University. 

Before teaching obstetrics at the Hotel- 
Dieu in Saint-Jerome, Quebec, she worked 
as a general duty nurse in Vancouver and 
Montreal. She also worked as an airline 
hostess, as translator for an advertising 
agency, and as a member of the editorial 
staff of Les cahiers du nursing. 

Mrs. Beaudry-Johnson replaces Michele 
Dutrisac-Kilburn, who recently left the 
journal staff. 

Replacing Ramona 
PaplaBskas - Ramunas, 
who recently left the 
staff of L infirmiere 
Canadienne, is Nicole 
Choquette-Blais. 

A graduate of the 
University of Ottawa, 
Mrs. Blais was presi 
dent of the students 

association of the department of dietetics 
and home economics in 1965-66. Previous 
to accepting her present post, she spent a 
year as assistant editor of the women s and 
social pages of Ottawa s Le Droit. 

Dr. Amy Griffin will spend three months 
in India this year on an assignment for the 
World Health Organization. 





Dr. Griffin, presently professor of nurs 
ing at the University of Western Ontario, 
is a graduate of the Hamilton General 
Hospital. She obtained a certificate in nurs 
ing education and a bachelor or arts degree 
from the University of Toronto, and an 
M.Sc.N. degree from Wayne State Univer 
sity in Detroit. She attended Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University, on an Alumnae 
Fellowship to study for her doctoral de 
gree. 

Dr. Griffin, who has had wide experi 
ence in nursing education, will advise on 
the organization and content of courses in 
nursing education at the University of Pun 
jab s College of Nursing in Chandigarh. She 
will also investigate the feasibility of start 
ing a master s program in 1970. 

Sister M. Virginia 

is the new director of 
St. Mary s Hospital 
School of Nursing, 
Kitchener, Ontario. 

A graduate of St. 
Joseph s Hospital in 
Hamilton, Ontario, 
Sister attended the 
University of Western 

Ontario and obtained a diploma in nursing 
education. She completed the hospital or 
ganization and management course spon 
sored by the Canadian Nurses Association 
and the Canadian Hospital Association in 
1964 and received a certificate in hospital 
administration. In 1967 she graduated from 
St. Francis Xavier University with a 
B.Sc.N. degree. 

Sister Virginia remained at St. Joseph s 
Hospital until 1964, attaining the position 
of director of the school of nursing. 

In 1964 she moved to St. Mary s Hospi 
tal in Kitchener, first as area supervisor, 
then as director of nursing service. 

Sister assumed her new duties in June, 
1967. 

A graduate of the 
Mack Training School 
for Nurses, Sylvia J. 
Brough, is principal 
of the new Mack 
School of Nursing of 
St. Catharines, On 
tario. 

Miss Brough holds 
a certificate in clini 
cal supervision in surgical nursing from the 
University of Toronto, and a baccalaureate 
degree from the University of Western On 
tario. In 1966, she obtained a master s de- 




gree in nursing from Boston University. 

The Mack School of Nursing is one of 
Ontario s new regional schools. Ninety stu 
dents are enrolled in the fall class schedul 
ed to begin this September. Five area hos 
pitals will participate in its program by pro 
viding clinical facilities for the students. 

The Saskatchewan 
Institute of Applied 
Arts and Sciences, 
Saskatoon, has an 
nounced the appoint 
ment of Jean Byam 
to the position of as 
sistant director of its 
school of nursing. 

A graduate of the 

Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Miss 
Byam received a B.Sc.N. degree from the 
University of Saskatchewan. She served 
overseas during World War II, return 
ing to Canada to hold the positions of 
charge nurse of a surgical ward, and oper 
ating room supervisor. Prior to her pres 
ent appointment, she spent nine years as 
clinical coordinator at the Saskatoon City 
Hospital. 






Phyllis H. Baker Yvonne Chapman 

Phyllis H. Baker and Yvonne Chapman 

have been appointed nursing consultants 
with the Saskatchewan Hospital Association. 

Miss Baker, a graduate of the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos 
pital, holds a B.ScN. and a diploma in 
teaching and supervision in schools of nurs 
ing from McGill, and a certificate from the 
advanced course in operating room techni 
que and management from The Montreal 
General Hospital. She is the 1958 winner 
of the operating room scholarship from the 
Toronto Western Hospital. 

The new nursing consultant has worked 
as clinical instructor in the operating room, 
and postgraduate clinical instructor in 
charge of the advanced course in operating 
room technique and management at The 
Montreal General Hospital. In 1963, she 
became director of the centralized teaching 
program in Saskatoon, a position she held 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 




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news 




16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



until accepting her present post on July 1, 
1967. 

Miss Chapman graduated from Victoria 
Hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She re 
ceived a diploma in administration of hos 
pital nursing service from the University of 
Saskatchewan in 1962 and her B.Sc.N. from 
McGill in 1967. 

Miss Chapman was a public health nurse 
in British Columbia and Saskatchewan be 
fore becoming head nurse at Victoria Union 
Hospital in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 
and director of nursing at the Rosthern 
Union Hospital, Rosthern, Saskatchewan. 
Before attending McGill in 1966, she served 
as supervisor of nursing service at the Re- 
gina General Hospital. 



Elisabeth E. Hartig 

recently was appoint 
ed assistant superin 
tendent of nursing 
education for the Sas 
katchewan Depart 
ment of Education. 

A graduate of the 
Royal Victoria Hos 
pital School of Nurs 
ing in Montreal, Miss Hartig received a 
B.Sc.N. degree from the University of 
Western Ontario in 1952. In 1964 she was 
awarded a master of nursing degree from 
the University of Washington. 

Miss Hartig spent 10 years in India as a 
missionary nurse before returning to Can 
ada to teach clinical nursing at the Royal 
Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton. She di 
rected the Saskatoon Center of Saskatche 
wan s centralized teaching program from 
1961 until 1963, when she became medical- 
surgical coordinator at University Hospital 
in Saskatoon. Before accepting her present 
position in July 1967, she was assistant pro 
fessor of nursing education at the Univer 
sity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. 

Dr. C.H. Skitch is retiring as medical 
superintendent of Douglas Hospital, Ver 
dun, Quebec. 

Dr. Skitch graduated from the Universi 
ty of Alberta and joined the Douglas Hos 
pital staff in 1931. He was certified in 
psychiatry by the Royal College of Phy 
sicians and Surgeons of Canada in 1945. In 
1963 he became medical superintendent of 
the hospital. 

Replacing Dr. Skitch as medical super 
intendent is Dr. C.H. CaKn. 

Dr. Cahn began his medical studies at 
Oxford and graduated from the University 
of Toronto Medical School in 1945. He re 
turned to England for postgraduate studies 
in psychiatry and joined the Douglas Hos 
pital staff in 1951. rj 

OCTOBER 1967 




Selecting a Physics Text for next semester ? 



Before making a final decision, consider 
the text most frequently adopted for 
courses in "Physics" in Schools of Pro 
fessional Nursing. 




New 5th Edition ! 



AN INTRODUCTION TO 

Here is the first text in its subject area to correlate the basic 
concepts of physics as they apply to actual nursing and medical 
situations. In its completely updated new 5th edition it can assist 
you, more than ever before, in helping your students apply the 
basic aspects of physics while caring for the sick, performing 
therapeutic procedures, and using medical apparatus. Unlike other 
texts which present purely theoretical discussions of physics, this 
book compiles concepts that are related to the nurse s experi 
ence and presents them in easily understood, direct termino 
logy. 

Now, with the aid of this new 5th edition, you can help your 
students grasp the importance of recent advances in the use of: 



Flitter 

PHYSICS IN NURSING 

radioelements and radio-isotopes in clinical medicine; newer ap 
paratus and therapeutic procedures; artificial kidneys; ultrasonic 
fetal heart monitors; and thermography for diagnosis. 
Give your students the best possible opportunity to keep pace 
with the growing importance of physics in nursing -- select 
the New 5th Edition of AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 
IN NURSING for your required text next semester. 

By HESSEL HOWARD FLITTER, R.N., Ed.D., Auiltant Dean and Professor, 
College of Nursing, University of Kentucky. Publication date: October, 1967. 
5th edition, approx. 240 pages, 7W x lOVz", 111 illustrations. About 
$5.95 



Two New Supplementary Texts tor your Course in Medical-Surgical Nursing 



A New Book! 



NURSING CARE 
OF THE CANCER PATIENT 



Furnishes the student with the knowledge and understanding 
necessary for the efficient and effective care of patients with 
cancer. Covers pathology and physiological aspects of the di 
sease and the various phases of prevention, detection, diagnosis, 
therapy, and rehabilitation. 

By ROSEMARY BOUCHARD, A.B., A.M., Ed.D., R.N. Publication date: Nov 
ember, 1967. Approx. 274 pages, 6>/2" x 9>/2", 85 figures. About $8.95. 



A New Book! NURSING CARE OF 

THE PLASTIC SURGERY PATIENT 

Any student aspiring to become an O.R.N. should be exposed to 
this valuable new guidebook, encompassing surgical techniques, 
preoperative and postoperative nursing care, and the plastic 
surgery patient s psychological needs and how to meet them. 

By DONALD WOOD-SMITH, M.D., F.R.C.S.E.; and PAULINE C. POROWSKI, 
R.N. Publication date: November, 1967. Approx. 450 pages, 6 1 2" x 9V2", 
247 illustrations. About $13.50. 



THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD 

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Publishers 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 17 





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dates 



October 8-11, 1967 

Community Planning Association of 
Canada, Centennial Year National 
Planning Conference, Ottawa. 

October 19-21, 1967 

First reunion of graduates of the Mc- 
Gill School for Graduate Nurses, 
Montreal. For further information 
write Moyra Allen, Acting President 
of the Alumnae Association, School 
for Graduate Nurses, 361 8 University 
Street, Montreal 2, P.Q. 

October 21, 1967 

Eleventh Annual Symposium on Re 
habilitation, sponsored by Rehabilita 
tion Foundation for the Disabled and 
Ontario Society for Crippled Children, 
Inn-on-the-Park, Toronto. Write: Dr. D. 
A. Gibson, Suite 1 028, 1 23 Edward 
Street, Toronto 2, Ontario. 

October 21-22, 1967 

60th Anniversary Reunion, Holy Cross 
Hospital School of Nursing, Calgary, 
Alberta. 

October 21-22, 1967 

Catholic Hospital Conference of On 
tario, Annual Meeting, King Edward 
Hotel, Toronto. 

October 22-25, 1967 

Ontario Hospital Association, Annual 
Meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 

October 24, 1967 

Joint annual meetings of Canadian 
Heart Foundation and the Canadian 
Cardiovascular Society for Nurses in 
volved with coronary care units. 
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal. 

October 24-27, 1967 

Regional Workshop for Directors of 
Nursing Service in Hospitals. Conduct 
ed by the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion. Location: School of Nursing, Re- 
gina General Hospital, Regina, Sas 
katchewan. 

October 25-27, 1967 

Annual Convention of Alberta Hospi 
tal Association, Northern Alberta Ju 
bilee Auditorium, Edmonton. 

October 26-27, 1967 

Operating Room Seminar, sponsored 
by the Northern Alberta Operating 



Room Nurses Study Group. Northern 
Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, Edmon 
ton, Alberta. 

October 30 - November 2, 1967 

Institute on Operating Room Manage 
ment (Advanced Program), conducted 
by the American Hospital Association, 
840 North Lake Shore Drive, Chica 
go, Illinois. 

November 7-9, 1967 

9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 

November 13-17, 1967 

Nursing Conference on Patient Be 
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur 
ses Association of Ontario. Inn-on- 
the-Park, IIOO Eglinton Ave. E., To 
ronto. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 

November 26 - December 1, 1967 

20th Annual Meeting of the World 
Federation for Mental Health, Lima, 
Peru. 

December 4-6, 1967 

First Canadian Conference on Hospi 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As 
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso 
ciation, Canadian Nurses Association, 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. 

January 25-27, 1968 

Royal College of Physicians and Sur 
geons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. 

July, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association General 
Meeting to be held in Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 

August 25-31, 1968 

5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para 
medical personnel. For information, 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 



18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



Todays teenagers: 

the emotional ravages 

of acne may now be a 

thing of the past 




The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 

Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don t, because acne can affect psy 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 

Teachers know that the popular and out 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 

Now this may all be changed. Recent 



research has developed a chemical com 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor s direc 
tion and is obtainable only under pre 
scription. 

The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 

published as a public service by Frank W. 
Homer Limited. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



in a capsule 



Whose problem? 

Last year, 189 suicides were recorded in 
Metropolitan Toronto. Similar statistics 
exist in most other Canadian cities. Even 
now that suicide has reached epidemic pro 
portions in our country and is listed by the 
World Health Organization as among the 
10 leading causes of death, next to nothing 
is being done to halt its spread. 

Appalled by Toronto s callous attitude 
toward suicide, Eric LeBourdais, in an ar 
ticle in Toronto Life, points out that "the 
people who could and should be dealing 
with the problem have been unable to get 
together to decide whose problem it is. 
Some say it s the psychiatrist s problem .... 
Some say it s the medical doctor s .... Some 
say it s the social worker s problem or the 
clergy s. The end result of all the confusion 
and conflict is that the individual and the 
community suffer." 

In a personal experiment to discover what 
sort of help a severely depressed person 
could expect in Toronto, Mr. LeBourdais 
tried, on two different nights, to get help 
for a mythical aunt who he pretended was 
deeply distraught and badly in need of pro 
fessional help. He failed. 

"Starting around midnight one Sunday, I 
called the emergency departments of 17 
Toronto general hospitals, mental hospitals, 
and mental clinics," Mr. LeBourdais says. 
"At the Queensway General Hospital I was 
referred to St. Joseph s Hospital and Lake- 
shore Psychiatric Hospital. St. Joseph s told 
me they didn t have any emergency psy 
chiatric service. Lakeshore Hospital said 
that it had no emergency service and only 
took referrals from family doctors. 

"The Toronto General, Wellesley, St. 
Michael s, Mt. Sinai, East General, West 
General, Northwestern, Women s College, 
Humber Memorial and Scarborough Gener 
al Hospitals gave answers like: "We only 
take referrals from doctors." "There is no 
psychiatrist on night duty." "We don t have 
beds for emergency psychiatric cases." 

"At the Ontario Hospital on Queen 
Street ... I was told to call the next day 
and make an appointment .... At the Clark 
Institute . . . someone obviously in charge 
told me they had "no way of treating her." 
At the East York and Scarborough Mental 
Health Clinics, there was no answer. 

Seventeen tries, seventeen strikeouts. 
Toronto Life, April, 1967. 

Bananas for sale 

Hippies claim it was the biggest hoax 
they ever played. But while hippies laughed, 
the banana industry flourished, and the U.S. 
Food and Drug Administration tested. 



After dried banana peels were "smoked" 
by a laboratory device for more than three 
weeks, the FDA stated that "no detectable 
quantities of known hallucinogens" had 
been found in dried banana peel and con 
centrated banana juice. 

The FDA turned on its "smoking ma 
chine" a series of tubes and retorts that 
trap smoke - - after getting reports that 
dried scraping from banana peels were 
being smoked for their hallucinogenic ef 
fect. 

Anyone interested in a basement full of 
ban-anas? 

"A very important place bed" 

Leave it to our British colleagues to 
find the humor in that most common of 
all pieces of hospital equipment the bed. 
Elizabeth Anstice, writing in the July 14, 
1967, issue of Nursing Times, began by 
pointing out the importance of bed: "All 
the important things in life happen in bed; 
well for most people they happen in bed 
anyway don t get me wrong, I mean 



things like being born and dying. Come to 
that you will probably spend more of your 
life in bed than any other single place. A 
very important place bed." 

"Hospitals," she goes on to say, "realize 
the importance of beds. They only talk 
about the patient being the center of the 
hospital service. The bed is the real star 
of the show. I mean, whoever heard of a 
four-patient cubicle or a 20-patient ward, 
which would be logical after all. It s al 
ways a four-bed cubicle, a 20-bed ward. 

"In fact some hospitals even go so far 
as to talk of having X beds so many 
male and so many female. Rather touching. 
I may be naive, but what is the difference? 
How can they tell? Or is it only other beds 
who can tell? Perhaps there is a logical 
sequence to it male bed, female bed, 
double bed, maternity bed, then litters of 
cots, which in turn grow up to be children s 
beds, then adult, full-grown male and fe 
male beds themselves." 

Suddenly the idea of a 20-patient ward 
sounds extremely uncomplicated. O 




"Feeding that troop must keep their den mother busy" 



20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



Colored charts of the 
female reproductive system . . . 

free 




JjTEMALE PELVIC ORGANS 




FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



We would like to send you a set of anatomical 
drawings of the female reproductive system. They 
include illustrations of the changes that occur 
during the menstrual cycle. These classic draw 
ings in color by R. L. Dickinson, M.D., are lami 
nated in plastic for permanent use as an aid in 
explaining pelvic anatomy to patients; suitable for 
grease-pencil use and erasure. 

And to help you in your instruction, we offer 
two booklets: one with answers to questions young 
girls may, or would like to ask, and the other, for 
older girls, explaining menstruation and its place 
in a woman s life. 

If you will fill out the coupon, we will be happy 
to provide you, free, with a set of the anatomical 
charts, professional samples of Tampax tampons 
and sample copies of the booklets for your evalua 
tion. You may then order as many free booklets 
as you need. 

Tampax tampons help reduce the aversion that 
many girls and women feel toward menstruation. 
Users experience none of the irritation and chaf 



ing often caused by a perineal pad. Tampax 
tampons virtually abolish menstrual odor, a 
source of embarrassment for many women. And 
they are hygienic easy to insert, to wear, and to 
dispose of so that your patients will feel cool, 
clean and fresh when they wear this menstrual 
protection. 

Tampax tampons are available in Junior, Reg 
ular, and Super absorbencies. Explicit directions 
for insertion are enclosed in each package. 



TAMPAX 



SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION LTD., BARRIE, ONTARIO. 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of the Dickinson charts, copies of the 
two booklets, a postcard for easy reordering and samples of 

Tampax tampons. 



Name_ 



Address. 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Mycostatin 

(SQUIBB) 

Description An antifungal antibiotic 
with activity against a wide variety of 
yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Mycostatin 
vaginal tablets provide an acceptable, well- 
tolerated and safe mycological cure. 

Indications Local treatment of vagi 
nal mycotic infections caused by Candida 
albicans. In both pregnant and non-preg 
nant women, the tablets offer an effective 
and painless control of such troublesome 
and unpleasant symptoms as itching, in 
flammation, and discharge commonly as 
sociated with monilial vagjnitis. 

For information on administration, dos 
age, and adverse reactions write for the 
free booklet from E.R. Squibb & Sons Ltd. 
2365 Cote de Liesse Rd., Ville St. Laurent, 
Montreal 9, Quebec. 

Pre-Op 

(DAVIS & GECK) 

Description A sterile, disposable, tex 
tured surgical scrub sponge made of poly- 
urethane and impregnated with a three per 
cent hexachlorophene antibacterial soap. It 
has the advantage of being less abrasive, 
contains its own surgical soap - - which 
does away with dispensers and is individ 
ually sterile-wrapped to avoid accidental 
cross-contamination. 

Pre-Op surgical scrub sponges are pack 
aged in disposable dispenser cartons, thus 
reducing maintenance and re-sterilization 
procedures. Each sponge contains sufficient 




ingredients for a 10-minute scrub, and the 
flexible construction follows contours of 
the skin and prevents overscrubbing. 

For further information write to Cyana- 
mid of Canada Limited, 635 Dorchester 
Blvd. West, Montreal 2, Quebec. 

Indocid 

(MERCK SHARP & DOHME) 
Description Indocid (indomethacin) is 
a non-steroid drug that has anti-inflamma 
tory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Un 
like corticosteroids, it has no effect on pi 
tuitary or adrenal function. 

Indications Effective in the treatment 
or rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid (anky- 
losing) spondylitis, gout. It is also effective 
in the treatment of those cases of severe 
osteoarthritis, including degenerative joint 
disease of the hip, not responding to treat 
ment with other drugs such as salicylates. 
Contraindications It should not be 
given to patients with active peptic ulcer, 
gastritis, regional enteritis, or ulcerative co 
litis, and should be used with caution if 
there is a history of these disorders. Indo 
methacin is contraindicated in acetylsalicyl- 
ic acid sensitive asthmatics. The safety of 
Indocid for use during pregnancy or lacta 
tion has not been established. It should not 
be prescribed for children because safe con 
ditions for use have not been established. 
For a copy of the recently revised Direc 
tion Circular containing adverse reactions, 
warnings, dosage and administration, write 
to Merck Sharp and Dohme of Canada 
Limited, P.O. Box 899, Montreal 3, Quebec. 

Microlax 

(PHARMACIA) 

Description A new disposable micro- 
enema containing tribasic sodium citrate, 
sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, and 
a small amount of glycerin. 

Indications Constipation in rectum 
and sigmoid colon; constipation during preg 
nancy; encopresis, coprostasis; constipation 
associated with confinements or surgery; 
and as a preliminary to rectoscopic and sig- 
moidoscopic examinations. 

Dosage Adults and children: Rectal 
application of the contents of one tube. 
Bowel evacuation follows usually 5 to 20 
minutes after the administration of Micro- 
lax. One drop of the contents of the tube 
suffices for lubrication of the nozzle. 

For further information write: Pharma 
cia (Canada) Ltd., 110 Place Cremazie, 
Suite 412, Montreal, Quebec. 




Easygrasp 

(STERILON) 

Description A disposable enema ad 
ministration unit designed to look, handle 
and function like a standard reusable stain 
less steel unit. The 2,000 cc. graduated high- 
density polyethylene container can be held 
by the Easygrasp handle, suspended on an 
IV stand or placed on a table. A vented 
container cover eliminates sloshing or spil 
ling of the contents of the container while 
it is being carried to the bedside. 

Because it is disposable after use, it 
eliminates the danger of cross contamina 
tion and infection. The EC-21 is offered 
clean in a polyethylene bag and is packaged 
12 units to a case. 

For further information write to Sterilon 
of Canada, Ltd., a subsidiary of the Gil 
lette Company, 836 Rangeview Road, Port 
Credit, Ontario. 



Kenalog-lm 

(SQUIBB) 

Description Kenalog-lm (triamcino- 
lone acetonide aqueous suspension) is a 
new anti-allergy preparation intended for 
depot intramuscular administration in those 
allergies, dermatoses, and arthritides or 
other connective tissue disorders that are 
benefited by systemic corticosteroid ther 
apy. It provides prolonged, precise control 
of allergy symptoms for 14 to 28 days with 
a single intramuscular injection. 



22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



new products 



Indications Intramuscular administra 
tion is indicated when systemic corticoster- 
oid therapy is indicated in such conditions 
as allergic diseases, dermatoses, or general 
ized rheumatoid arthritis and other connec 
tive tissue disorders. Intramuscular admin 
istration is particularly valuable in such 
conditions when corticosteroid therapy is 
not feasible. Kenalog-Im may also be given 
by intra-articular, intrabursal, or intraten- 
dinous injection in the treatment of inflam 
matory conditions of joints, bursae, tendon 
sheaths or ganglia when symptoms are 
severe enough to require higher-than-usual 
dosage. 

In the management of generalized arthrit 
ic disease, the intra-articular injection of 
triamcinolone acetonide is intended to sup 
plement other conventional therapeutic 
measures. For localized conditions, such as 
traumatic arthritis or bursitis, intra-articular 
administration may be the sole therapy re 
quired. 

Contraindications Corticosteroids are 
contraindicated for patients with active tu 



berculosis, herpes simplex of the eye, and 
acute psychoses. They are relatively con 
traindicated in the presence of active peptic 
ulcer, acute glomerulonephritis, and infec 
tions that cannot be controlled by antibio 
tics. The use of steroids in patients with 
myasthenia gravis may aggravate myasthen- 
ic symptoms and should therefore be given 
with proper precautions. Corticosteroids are 
not recommended for pregnant patients par 
ticularly during the first trimester, except 
when the disease for which they are indi 
cated is very severe. 

Precautions Patients undergoing ster 
oid therapy of any nature should be kept 
under close clinical supervision, and the 
possibility of severe reactions must be kept 
in mind. If reactions should occur, appro 
priate corrective measures should be insti 
tuted and use of the steroid discontinued. 

For further information, contact your 
Squibb representative or send for a com 
plete technical brochure to E.R. Squibb and 
Sons Ltd. 2365 Cote de Liesse Rd. ( Ville St. 
Laurent, Montreal 9, Quebec. 

Literature Available 

The first issue of Diagnostica, a peri 
odical devoted solely to medical diagnosis, 



has been published by Ames Company, 
Division Miles Laboratories Ltd., Rexdale, 
Ontario. Appearing in seven different lan 
guage editions, Diagnostica reports advances 
in pre-symptomatic detection, diagnosis, 
and management of disease and metabolic 
disorder. 

It is the first medical journal devoted 
solely to diagnosis in the practice of medi 
cine. Each issue will describe new diag 
nostic concepts and practices and review 
established procedures. 

The periodical is being distributed world 
wide to physicians as well as to the 
libraries of medical schools, hospitals, and 
nursing schools. 

Each issue will include an article of 
major importance and a guest article by an 
authority in a field such as urology, hema- 
tology, or pathology. The first issue con 
tains a major article "Lipid Metabolism in 
Diabetes" and a guest article on infectious 
hepatitis. Topics scheduled for future issues 
include "Azotemia," "Early Confirmation 
of Pregnancy" and "Gout and the Uric Acid 
Level." 

Diagnostica will be published by the Ames 
Company in English, French, German, Ita 
lian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese edi 
tions, n 




Three thousand years of testing 

by a highly qualified panel of experts 

endorses the value of sugar in baby formulae 



It s a controllable weight-builder and energy 
source. It s easily digested, inexpensive, pure, 
readily available and easy to use. In reason 
able quantities it is good for babies. 



They have liked it for three thousand years 
and still do. If you d like to know more about 
sugar send for an illustrated copy of our 
brochure, "The Story of Sugar": 



Canadian Sugar Institute 

408 Canada Cement Building, Phillips Square, Montreal, P.Q. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 




When the 
callisfor"Stat/ 
diagnostic findings 

. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 



LABSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 

DEXTROSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 

CLINITEST* Reagent Tablets provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLINITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 

Reliable Reproducible Results 

AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend 
able clues to abnormal conditions when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 



Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 

Registered Trademarks 



XX IVIES 



24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



EDITORIAL 



For some years, registered or licens 
ed psychiatric nurses have provided the 
bulk of nursing care in psychiatric in 
stitutions in Canada s west. Registered 
nurses east of Manitoba have been 
aware of this practice, but have paid 
little attention to it; their western col 
leagues, on the other hand, have be 
come increasingly concerned about 
these health workers, their educational 
background, preparation, and future 
role. 

A group of psychiatric nurses, most 
of whom have been trained and regis 
tered in the west, now have formed an 
association in Ontario. This association 
is asking for legal recognition for its 
group by means of an additional regis 
ter, and for the establishment of 
schools of nursing for psychiatric 
nurses. It presented its demands before 
the public at a press conference, in a 
brief to the Ontario government, and 
in a submission to the Registered 
Nurses Association of Ontario. A com 
mittee of the RNAO presently is stu 
dying the proposals set forth in the 
submission. 

An examination of this registered 
psychiatric nurse issue is overdue. To 
remain silent at this point is to give 
the impression that we have no interest 
in or beliefs about the nursing care the 
mentally ill should receive or the ed 
ucational preparation that should be 
required of persons giving such care. 

Met the need in the 30s 

Specialized programs to train psy 
chiatric nurses have been offered by 
provincial mental hospitals since 1931 
in British Columbia, 1933 in Alberta, 
about 1937 in Manitoba, and 1947 in 
Saskatchewan. Many of these programs 
evolved from two- or three-year 
courses that were given to attendants 
who provided a custodial type of care. 
As custodial care for mentally ill per 
sons gave way to actual treatment, 
there was a demand for the attendants 
to have additional skills. Consequently, 
the number of hours spent in formal 
instruction increased. 

Eventually, the psychiatric nurses - 
as they came to be called -- realized 
the value of becoming organized and 
formed provincial associations. Legal 
recognition followed with the passing 
of psychiatric nurses acts by provin- 
vial legislatures, beginning with Sas 
katchewan in 1948. 



That these psychiatric nurses have 
made a considerable contribution over 
the years cannot be denied. In the 
1930s, when the stigma of mental ill 
ness precluded its acceptance, even by 
doctors and nurses, they provided care 
in large, isolated institutions that at 
tracted few registered nurses. Today, 
approximately 3,000 registered psy 
chiatric nurses, who undoubtedly are 
attracted to their vocation by the same 
humanitarian motives that attract reg 
istered nurses to theirs, are providing 
care in mental institutions as well as 
in community treatment programs. 

A question to be answered 

The question that must be answered, 
is this: Should this pattern of psychia 
tric nursing education be perpetuated 
in the western provinces and started 
in the east? In other words, does this 
type of program provide the educa 
tional preparation that is necessary for 
nurses who care for the mentally ill? 

Logic says no. 

Two main reasons exist for advocat 
ing a phasing-out of the present pro 
grams for registered psychiatric nurses. 
The first is based on the premise that 
mind and body are an entity and can 
not be compartmentalized and treated 
separately. To refute this is tantamount 
to refuting the "treat the patient as a 
whole" concept. Just as a nurse who 
cares for a patient with regional ente 
ritis must be able to recognize his vul 
nerability to a stressful environment 
and know how to reduce it, so the 
nurse who cares for a patient with a 
psychosis must be able to recognize 
untoward physical symptoms and know 
how to cope with them. 

It is true that programs for psychia 
tric nurses do include some lectures 
and clinical experience in medical, sur 
gical, and emergency nursing. Our 
contention is, however, that a basic 
nursing program should encompass all 
areas of study and should not be 
weighted in any particular area. Spe 
cialization in a given area should fol 
low, not be part of, this basic program. 

The second reason, akin to the first, 
is based on the recent trend toward an 
integration of psychiatric and general 
health services. This concept of integra 
tion was recommended by both the 
1964 Royal Commission on Health 
Services and the Canadian Mental 
Health Association, in its 1967 sub 



mission to the federal government. If 
this trend continues, and there is every 
reason to believe it will, more psychia 
tric units will be included in general 
hospitals and small, regional psychia 
tric hospitals will be set up adjacent 
to general hospitals. 

When the persons who are most 
knowledgable about health services in 
this country have recommended a com 
ing together of psychiatric and physic 
al medicine, it seems illogical for nurs 
ing services in these two areas to re 
main separate. The Royal Commis 
sion on Health Services recognized 
this incongruity and stated: "With the 
recommendations we have made res 
pecting the need to integrate the psy 
chiatric and general health services 
(particularly the care of psychiatric pa 
tients in general hospitals), we believe 
that the need for the separate program 
for psychiatric nurses in the four west 
ern provinces will disappear. Special 
programs should be set up and finan 
cial assistance provided to enable qua 
lified psychiatric nurses (R.P.N.) to 
qualify for and obtain the Registered 
Nurse (R.N.) licence." 

Long-term goals needed 

Short-term goals and expedient solu 
tions will not solve the dilemma of 
having too few qualified nurses to care 
for mentally ill patients. Instead, we 
need realistic, long-term goals that will 
encompass future, as well as present 
needs. 

One goal should be to phase out 
registered psychiatric nurse programs. 
Supplementary courses to enable quali 
fied graduates of these programs to 
qualify for the RN diploma already 
are being offered by three of the reg 
istered nurses associations in the west. 
The fourth, Manitoba, hopes to set up 
a similar course in the near future. 

The inclusion and integration of 
more basic psychiatric concepts 
throughout the basic curriculum should 
be considered a second goal. This 
would give all patients a real chance of 
receiving total care. 

A third goal, whose attainment rests 
with all nurses, is the recruitment of 
registered nurses into the psychiatric 
field. And the first logical step would 
be to find out why more RNs are not 
attracted to this type of nursing. 

V.A.L. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Children 

and anesthesia 



Several factors make the child more prone than the adult to anesthetic accidents. 
Nurses caring for children should be aware of the important psychological and 
physical differences. 



Nancy Kingsley 



The "rag and bottle" method of 
anesthesia is fast fading and, for the 
adult, anesthesia is losing its terrors. 
Not so for the child, however. Nurses 
must remember that anesthetizing a 
child is still a potentially dangerous 
situation, and the child is more suscep 
tible than the adult to anesthetic acci 
dents. 

Obviously, a child s anatomy and 
physiology differs from an adult s in 
many ways. This is a major factor 
in considering anesthetic care. Essen 
tially, the respiratory, cardiovascular, 
and excretory systems are not fully 
developed. During periods of stress, 
the respiratory and cardiovascular 
reserves are not available, so the 
child s lungs and heart must work 
harder than the adult s. 

Definite differences 

The respiratory system has several 
major differences. The respiratory rate 
is faster and the air volume smaller in 
a child than in an adult. The ribs are 
horizontal and there is little movement 
during inspiration; by the sixth month 
they have descended, but do not con 
tribute to pulmonary ventilation until 
the fifth year. Ventilation in the infant 
and young child depends upon dia 
phragmatic action and this muscle is 
restricted by the bulky abdominal 
organs of the child. 

The tracheo-bronchial passages are 
narrow and easily obstructed, and, 
therefore, respiratory embarrassment 
may occur quickly. This can result 

26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



from one of several causes: rapid 
breathing that exhausts the child; a 
large anatomical dead space that cau 
ses inefficient breathing; or a turbulent 
flow of air in the respiratory tract 
that is, in itself, obstructive in char 
acter. Minor obstructions can be 
easily overlooked or discounted, lead 
ing to a drain on the child s reserves. 
Clinical signs and symptoms 
anxiety, dyspnea, tachycardia, and, in 
the later stage, cyanosis - - are indi 
cations of respiratory embarrassment. 

The inability of a child to blow 
his nose or clear his throat properly 
may permit nasal secretions to accu 
mulate in the post-nasal regions. Dur 
ing induction of anesthesia, when 
proper position and relaxation of the 
palatopharyngeal region is essential, 
these secretions may drip into the 
nasopharynx and stimulate coughing. 

Because of structural limitations, 
the depth of each inhalation is re 
stricted. The tidal volume and func 
tional residual air volume are smaller 
compared to lung volume. 

The cardiovascular system of the 
child is strong and dependable. The 
normal child has a strong heart. The 
blood volume is 7.5 to 8.5 percent of 



Mrs. Kingsley, a third year student at the 
Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, prepared 
this paper during her operating room ex 
perience. She acknowledges the help of 
James A. Bain, M.D., Department of 
Anesthesiology, Victoria Hospital, London. 



the body weight. During the first few 
months of life, there is a sharp fall 
in the hemoglobin level, the lowest 
point being reached at age three 
months. This has significance if 
surgery is anticipated at this time. 

Because of the smaller volume of 
circulating blood, even a seemingly 
small blood loss will affect the 
percentage of blood volume in a young 
child. 

Peripheral vascular constriction is 
evident during early infancy, directing 
blood flow to the central vessels, there 
by maintaining blood pressure and a 
good oxygen supply to the vital organs. 
However, collapse may occur with lit 
tle warning after even a small hemor 
rhage as there is no reserve. 

The blood pressure of a child is 
variable and difficult to measure be 
cause of the smallness of the arm and 
decreased intensity of sound. 

In the infant, the pulse rate varies 
from 120 to 200 beats per minute in 
the first year and decreases gradually 
with age. The pulse rate of the anes 
thetized child varies from 80 to 180 
beats per minute. In the early stages 
of hypoxia, the heart rate increases 
rapidly, but a slow rate may be an 
indication of severe hypoxia. 

The renal system matures early - 
between the tenth and twentieth weeks. 
The antidiuretic hormone does not 
control the child s excretory system as 
efficiently as it does in the adult, 
however, and the ability to concentrate 
and dilute urine is decreased. The 

OCTOBER 1967 



rate of water exchange is three times 
greater than in an adult; this rapid 
turnover causes the child to be more 
susceptible to dehydration or over- 
hydration. Also, there is greater body 
surface relative to body weight, so 
loss of fluid may occur more rapidly 
in the child than in the adult. 

The heat regulating system is not 
fully matured and the lack of body 
fat allows heat to be easily lost by 
conductivity. It is undesirable to have 
body temperature rise, since this in 
creases the oxygen requirements and 
loss of fluids via the respiratory sys 
tem or skin. 

Preoperative preparation 

The purpose of care during the 
preoperative period is to prepare the 
child, both physically and emotionally, 
to withstand the effects of anesthesia 
and surgery. 

Although the child may or may not 
express it, he probably has some fear 
of surgery. A child faces fear of the 
unknown and the future, fear of leav 
ing home, and fear of not knowing 
on whom to call for comfort and as 
sistance. 

Prevalent in the one- to three-year- 
old is fear plus anxiety. Lacking the 
powers of concentration and reason 
ing, he is unable to understand hos- 
pitalization. Most children over three 
can and should have the opera 
tive procedure explained to them and 
be prepared for impending postopera 
tive discomfort. If adequate prepara 
tion is made, some psychic trauma is 
avoided. 

A child s favorite toy and visits from 
parents can help to alleviate the 
strangeness of the environment. A 
visit by the anesthetist and surgeon in 
the presence of the parents helps to 
reassure the child. 

When the anesthetist and nurse con 
sider pediatric anesthesia, the total 
care, safety, and comfort of the child 
are of concern. Careful preoperative 
assessment is essential, and with the 
use of laboratory tests a child s condi 
tion can be better evaluated. For in 
stance, a hemoglobin below 10 grams 
per 100 milliliters would indicate a 
need to postpone elective surgery. A 
detailed history listing previous anes- 

OCTOBER 1967 



thetics, any drug allergies, or recent 
therapy with drugs is essential and 
may affect the choice of anesthetic. 

Preoperative evaluation of the res 
piratory system is essential. All general 
anesthesia is dependent on a clear sys 
tem. Nasal hygiene is particularly es 
sential in the preparation for surgery. 

A significant preoperative factor is 
close supervision of normal fluid and 
electrolyte balance, because the safety 
margin in children is small. The child 
takes in and excretes more water by 
weight than does the adult because the 
basal heat production is twice as high 
in infants as in adults and there is 
a greater body surface area in propor 
tion to body weight. 



Since the daily turnover of water is 
half of his extracellular fluid, any fluid 
loss or lack of fluid intake depletes 
the child s extracellular fluid supply. 
The nurse s notes on intake and out 
put and the temperature record often 
aid the anesthetist in determining 
whether or not the child is dehydrated. 

Before surgery, food and fluid by 
mouth must be withheld for a given 
period. Solid food and milk should be 
withheld for six hours, but the practice 
of withholding fluids after midnight 
for late morning surgery should be 
avoided. Infants may have clear fluids 
by mouth up to two to three hours 
before surgery and any child over 
two years can drink up to four hours 




Understanding is the one essential in 
pediatric anesthesia. Here the author 
chats with a young patient who is ready 
and relaxed before his surgery. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



before surgery. No child under eight 
should be without clear fluids and a 
glucose supplement for more than six 
hours preoperatively. A supply of car 
bohydrate is essential to ensure ade 
quate storage of glycogen in the liver. 
The safest and easiest way to give 
fluids to children is by mouth. 

Preoperative medication 

Surgical preparation of the child in 
cludes the ordering of preoperative 
medication. Several drugs are avail 
able to the anesthetist. The pre-opera- 
tive medication should help allay fear 
and apprehension, decrease respiratory 
tract secretions, reduce the amount of 
anesthesia needed, and decrease un 
desirable reflex activity. 

The decision to use medication pre 
operatively and the choice of medica 
tion is based upon the preoperative 
effect, the effect at the time of induc 
tion, and the postoperative effects. 

Sedation with barbiturates relieves 
apprehension and induces relaxation, 
but provides no analgesic properties 
and may cause preoperative excite 
ment. Secobarbital is the most widely 
used barbiturate, and, when it is given, 
a child can be awakened easily after a 
general anesthetic. This is especially 
important following a tonsillectomy to 
minimize aspiration of blood. 

The belladonna alkaloids atro- 
pine and scopolamine reduce salivary 
and mucous secretions. Not only does 
the atropine reduce secretions, but it 
also has a protective action on cardiac 
and bronchial reflexes because of its 
action on the autonomic nervous sys 
tem. 

The narcotic drugs morphine sul- 
fate and meperidine hydrochloride 
(Demerol) are used mainly as anal 
gesics, but they also decrease the 
amount of anesthetic needed. These 
drugs may cause nausea, vomiting, and 
respiratory or circulatory depression. 

Preoperative medication must be ad 
ministered at the correct time to alle 
viate apprehension before the child 
leaves the ward and to ensure optimal 
effect at the time of induction of anes 
thesia. 

In the OR 

The choice of anesthetic agent and 
method of administration depend upon 
the anesthetist s preoperative assess 
ment of the child, age, weight, and 
operative procedure. Almost any of the 
anesthetic agents and most techniques 
applicable to the adult can be modified 
for pediatric anesthesia, providing the 
anatomical and physiological differen 
ces are kept in mind. Inhalation using 
ether is still the most common pe 
diatric procedure, however. 

Induction should be carried out with 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



a minimum of apprehension, crying, 
and struggling. If the child is asleep, 
the induction can be carried out with 
a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen 
flowing over the face. 

If the child is over two years of 
age and cooperative, a pentothal in 
duction is excellent. The key to induc 
tion of the wakeful, apprehensive, 
older child is distraction. 

Endotracheal intubation is not al 
ways essential, but is indicated for ab 
dominal, thoracic, head, and neck sur 
gery. It is also essential if a clear 
airway cannot be maintained with a 
mask. 

The four main principles of pedia 
tric endotracheal technique are: sur 
gically clean equipment, avoidance of 
oversized endotracheal tubes, gentle 
ness in manipulation, and prevention 
of excessive movement of the tube 
after placement. 

Laryngoscopes and endotracheal 
tubes must be the correct size to avoid 
trauma to the upper respiratory tract. 
Such complications as hoarseness, 
laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, and 
obstruction of the tube may occur. 
Therefore, intubation must be carried 
out with care and only when indicated. 
Before extubation a catheter may be 
passed into the respiratory tract to 
remove secretions. Prolonged suction 
should be avoided since it may pro 
duce laryngospasm and anoxia. To 
avoid laryngeal spasm, extubation 
should take place either while the 
child is deeply anesthetized or after 
return of pharyngeal reflexes. If the 
stomach is full, the child should have 
complete return of pharyngeal reflexes 
before extubation. Indications of laryn 
geal spasm are croupy cough and deep 
sobbing inspirations. More often, ex 
tubation occurs after the patient has 
coughed. 

The use of muscle relaxants in pe 
diatric anesthesia is another potentially 
dangerous area. They often contribute 
to respiratory complications and rarely 
are used unless an endotracheal tube 
is already in place. Nurses should rec 
ognize that complications can occur 
in the postoperative stage. 

Hypothermia is fairly widely used 
in pediatric anesthesia for some neuro- 
surgical and cardiovascular procedures. 
The physiological factors involved be 
cause of the child s poor heat regulat 
ing mechanisms make it essential that 
the cooling process be carefully con 
trolled. 

Local anesthetics are not often 
used for major surgical procedures in 
children as patient cooperation is 
usually required. Constant reassurance 
and supportive care is necessary. Local 
anesthetics are used for surgical pro 
cedures on newborn infants. 



Postoperative anesthetic 
responsibilities 

Careful observation during the im 
mediate postoperative phase is imper 
ative. Pulse and respiration are taken 
every 15 minutes until stable. Com 
pare with preoperative rates. Respira 
tory depression is unusual and should 
be checked. Air passages should be 
clear; the child is usually positioned 
on his abdomen to permit secretions 
to drain and the tongue to fall for 
ward. 

Vomiting during the recovery period 
is not unusual; it generally involves 
only a small amount of fluid secretions 
and is not troublesome. When there 
is inadequate time for preparation and 
the child has a full stomach, then vom 
iting is a major problem. 

The child often exhibits a flushed 
face following anesthesia; this may be 
due to the anticholinergic effects of 
the atropine or scopolamine, to the 
effects of ether, or to dehydration. 

There is no real need for tight, 
heavy bedclothes on the postoperative 
bed; a light, loose blanket to prevent 
chilling is sufficient. Bedside equip 
ment should include pediatric laryngos 
copes and endotracheal tubes as well 
as routine blood pressure apparatus, 
suction equipment, and tongue depres 
sors. 

Bibliography 

Adrian!, John. Anesthesia for infants and 
children. Amer. J. Nurs. August 1964, 
p. 107-110. 

Dripps, Robert D., Eckenoff, James E., and 
Vandam, LeRoy D. Introduction to 
Anesthesia. 2d ed. Philadelphia, W.B. 
Saunders Company, 1961. 
Goulding, Erna J. and Koop, C. Everett. 
The Newborn his response to surgery. 
Amer. J. Nurs., October 1965, p.84-87. 
Laycock, John D. Introduction to Anesthe 
tics. London, Lloyd-Luke, 1961. 
Marlow, Dorothy R. and Sellew, Gladys. 
Textbook of Pediatric Nursing, 2d ed. 
Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 
1965. 

Mosely, Fred H. Textbook of Surgery, 3d 
ed. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Company, 
1959. 

Nelson, Waldo E. Textbook of Pediatrics, 
8th ed. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders 
Company, 1964. 

Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia I 
factors affecting safety of the child. 
Nurs. Times, March 13, 1964, p.332-334. 
Shannon, D.W. Pediatric Anesthesia II 
factors affecting the safety of child. 
Nurs. Times, March 20, 1964, p. 366-368. 

D 



OCTOBER 1967 



Since ancient times, family planning methods have mingled all kinds of 
superstition with techniques that were amazingly effective, considering they were 
based on fragmentary knowledge of the human reproductive system. 



Contraceptive 

practices 

past and present 




Isabel C. Milton 



rh the ages, man has sought 
bl human fertility. Although 
manyVof his methods have changed, 
Jlc reasons for striving to find 
Ictive method are the same to- 
they were some five thousand 
rs ago: to limit the size of his 
y, and to prevent the over-pop 
ulation of the community in which he 
lives. 

This article outlines some of the 
practices used by past generations to 
control fertility and examines more 
recent developments in contraceptive 
methods. 

A lack of knowledge 

Prior to the middle of the nine 
teenth century, the nature of concep- 



OCTOBER 1967 



tion was a mystery. Spermatozoa in 
human seminal fluid had been ob 
served by Anthony Van Leeuwen- 
hoek, the Dutch microscopist, in 1677; 
a year later, their movement and ap 
pearance were described by Christian 
Huygens. However, the manner in 
which conception took place was not 
understood until 1843, when T. Barry 
observed the cellular origin of the 
union of sperm and ovum. 

Mrs. Milton, a graduate of the Atkinson 
School of Nursing, Toronto Western Hos 
pital, has a diploma in neurological and 
neurosurgical nursing from the Montreal 
Neurological Institute and Hospital. She is 
presently working toward the bachelor of 
arts degree at Sir George Williams Univer 
sity in Montreal, Quebec. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



Without this knowledge, many 
contraceptive practices employed in 
the past were based on superstition 
and erroneous beliefs. For example, 
one such belief, held by the Chinese 
.around 1100 B.C., was that a woman 
would not conceive if she remained 
passive during sexual intercourse, and 
thought of unrelated matters; another 
was that excessive motion of both 
partners would prevent conception. 
Still another belief that attained pop 
ularity in Egypt and in certain parts 
of Europe was that the swallowing of 
a castor bean by a woman would 
prevent conception for a year. 

The rhythm method 

The search for a "safe" period 
during the menstrual cycle has been 
a lengthy one. The Abelians, in the 
early days of Christianity, had sex 
ual intercourse only on those days 
that coincided with menstruation. The 
Masai men, on the other hand, be 
lieved that their wives were fertile 
when a certain tree was in bloom, and 
avoided them at that time. 

Hippocrates believed that the "safe" 
time was prior to the menses, since 
he assumed that the menstrual period 
coincided with the period of ovulation. 
Other authorities concluded that the 
safest period was during the middle 
of the cycle, which, of course, is the 
most fertile time. 

Many false leads were followed un 
til 1930, at which time D. Ogino in 
Japan and B. Knnaus in Austria dis 
covered that ovulation occurs 12 to 16 
days before the onset of menstruation. 
Their finding is the basis of the 
modern rhythm method of birth con 
trol. Sexual intercourse is avoided 
when the woman is likely to be ovulat- 
ing. 

One of the major difficulties with 
the rhythm method is that ovulation 
in many women is not really rhythmic. 
It is influenced by such factors as 
tension or simple fatigue. In India, 
for example, the drive of Nehru s 
government to control the birth rate 
through use of the rhythm method 
failed, since the peasant women, be 
cause of their exhausting chores and 
lack of nourishing food, usually had 
irregular menstrual cycles. 

Coitus interruptus, reservatus 
and saxonicus 

Coitus interruptus -- the withdraw 
al of the stimulated penis from the 
vagina before ejaculation is one 
of the oldest contraceptive techniques. 
Reference is made to it in the Old 
Testament when Onan supposedly 
spilled his seed on the ground, being 
unwilling to have a child by his 
brother s widow. 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



The use of coitus interruptus has 
declined somewhat in recent years, 
probably because of the development 
of more effective means of contracep 
tion. Also, this technique has been 
criticized for causing nervous tension 
in both partners. 

Coitus reservatus, a contraceptive 
method that never achieved popularity, 
was practiced by members of the 
Oneida community, a religious society 
established in New York State in 
1847. Coitus is completely controlled 
so that even after prolonged union, 
ejaculation does not take place. The 
climax is intentionally avoided, the 
erect penis being allowed to subside 
naturally before it is withdrawn from 
the vagina. 

Coitus saxonicus is described by 
Sanskrit writers as a procedure where 
by pressure was applied to the base 
of the penis as ejaculation started. 
This resulted in the regurgitation of 
the semen into the male bladder, to 
be excreted later during urination. 

Surgical methods 

Various forms of surgical steriliz 
ation have been used throughout the 
centuries. Castration probably is one 
of the oldest methods. As early as 
1100 B.C., Chinese palace attendants 
were castrated, either as a punitive 
measure or to discourage them from 
having sexual relations with the Im 
perial concubines. The Romans further 
incapacitated their slaves by attaching 
a ring or clasp to the penis, thus pre 
venting sexual intercourse entirely. 

Male sterilization in modern times 
consists of a surgical procedure to 
interrupt the continuity of the vas 
deferens - - a simple, reliable tech 
nique that does not alter normal sex 
ual drive or potency. If impotency 
follows this procedure, as occasionally 
reported, it is always psychologic in 
origin. 

The female of early times endured 
surgery and mutiliation, as well as the 
feminine form of infibulation - - the 
chastity belt. Oophorectomies were 
well known to the ancient Egyptians 
as a method of preventing conception, 
and the spaying of women in Central 
Australia was described as late as 
1893. 

The present surgical route to femin 
ine sterility consists of the tying of the 
Fallopian tubes. In Canada, this usual 
ly is recommended only for women 
with serious physical and/or mental 
disabilities, for whom a pregnancy 
would be unwise. 

Condom 

The condom s history dates back to 
ancient times, when it was used mainly 
to prevent infectious disease. It is 



known that early Egyptian males used 
a sheath made out of animal mem 
branes, such as the cecum of a lamb 
or sheep, for this purpose. The 
Chinese used sheaths of oiled silk 
paper. As recently as 30 years ago, 
women in Dutch Guiana used seed 
pods with one end snipped off as a 
vaginal condom. 

The word "condom" was in com 
mon usage by 1717, and may have 
originated from a Dr. Condom who is 
purported to have made one for King 
Charles the Second. By this time con 
doms were serving a dual purpose: 
protection against disease and preven 
tion of pregnancy. They were being 
manufactured from the dried gut of 
sheep by the end of the eighteenth 
century. 

The vulcanization of rubber in 1843, 
along with legal regulations for rigid 
quality testing, has made the modern 
condom a relatively secure and esthe 
tic form of contraception. 

Measures to occlude cervix 

Various devices to occlude the cer 
vix have long been used as measures 
of contraception, often in combina 
tion with a spermicidal agent - - or 
what was believed to be a spermicidal 
agent. 

Plugging of the upper vagina with 
sponges or other mechanical bar 
riers was known as a contraceptive 
measure as early as 1500 B.C. Wo 
men in both ancient India and Asia 
used small balls or wads of feathers 
as occlusive agents, inserting them 
shortly before sexual intercourse. The 
ancient Talmudists used sponges, 
grown in the local waters, as blocking 
and absorbing agents. During the 
eighteenth century, French upper- and 
middle-class women added alum as an 
astringent and spermicide to their 
vaginal sponges. 

Fine-grained rubber or plastic 
sponges have been substituted for the 
natural sea sponges in recent years. 
For added safety, the sponge usually 
is smeared with a contraceptive jelly 
or cream before insertion. 

An ancient Egyptian type of pes 
sary, made of crocodile dung and 
honey, appeared in various guises for 
almost 3,000 years. These pessaries 
sealed the entrance to the uterus if in 
serted properly. 

Writings from Mesopotamia around 
527 A.D. reveal that a cup-shaped 
barrier fashioned from a pomegranate 
was used to fit over the cervix. The 
ancient Chinese and Japanese, on the 
other hand, discovered that small, 
oiled discs of silky paper placed 
against the cervix were effective con 
traceptive measures. 

In 1880, a London chemist named 

OCTOBER 1967 



Rendell evolved and distributed a pes 
sary that contained quinine. This 
achieved immediate popularity in Eng 
land. By the turn of the century, Ren- 
dell s pessaries were being distributed 
and sold throughout the world. Today, 
the Rendell firm continues to manu 
facture pessaries, but has replaced the 
quinine with other substances. 

A few years after Rendell s success, 
a German doctor, Wilhelm Mensinga, 
popularized the vaginal diaphragm - 
a rubber cup that closes off the upper 
portion of the vagina including the 
cervix. To ensure safety, a spermicidal 
cream was added before sexual rela 
tions. 

The vaginal diaphragm attained 
popularity in North America around 
1920. It is still one of the commonly 
used methods of contraception. 

Douching and fumigation 

Primitive people also used various 
douching solutions to prevent concep 
tion. The early Egyptians used douch 
ing along with fumigation as a con 
traceptive measure. The woman sat 
astride a burner to receive spermicidal 
fumes before coitus, and douched 
afterward. Fumigation prior to coitus 
was practiced for two thousand years 
as a spermicide before eventually be 
ing replaced by spermicidal vaginal 
tablets, suppositories, creams and jel 
lies. 

Today, the douche as a contracep 
tive measure is almost obsolete. It is 
used after coitus mainly as a hygienic 
measure. 

Intrauterine contraception 

The principle of intrauterine con 
traception is not new. For several 
centuries Arabian and Turkish camel 
drivers have prevented pregnancy in 
their animals by inserting a small stone 
into the uterine cavity.* 

The modern pioneer in this method 
of contraception was Dr. Graefenberg 
of Germany, who inserted silkworm 
and silver rings into the uterine cav 
ities of his patients around 1920. The 
device proved effective, but was not 
enthusiastically received at that time. 

Several types of intrauterine con 
traceptive devices are now available. 
The Margulies coil, the Lippes loop, 
and the Birnberg Bow are all made 
from polyethylene and contain barium 
sulfate to make them radiopaque. 
Each is available in various sizes. The 
Hall-Stone ring is made from coiled, 
stainless steel wire, while the Zipper 
ring, another type, is made from nylon 



F.R. Doerffer, "Intrauterine Contracep 
tion." Counselling in Family Planning, Tor 
onto, Ortho Pharmaceutical Co.. 1966. 



thread. Each device has its own in 
serter; when tailless devices are used, 
an extractor is needed. 

The Lippes loop owes its popularity 
to its easy insertion and removal, and, 
more importantly, to the nylon threads 
that hang outside the cervix to allow 
the woman to be certain the device is 
in place. One Canadian gynecologist, 
Dr. C.A. Douglas Ringrose, reports 
that many women are changing from 
contraceptive pills to the Lippes loop. 
He claims that the protection afforded 
by each method is about equal, and 
that side effects experienced when the 
loop is used are fewer and of a minor 
nature. His study included 800 women 
who were using the Lippes loop. 

The pill 

For centuries, mankind has dreamed 
of an oral contraceptive and has 
searched the world over, examining 
the properties of plants, potions, and 
metals. The vogue in China in 2736 
B.C. was for the woman to swallow 
quicksilver. The ingestion of lead in the 
Middle Ages caused lead poisoning, 
while castor beans were swallowed in 
Europe and the Middle East. 

The structure ot the temale sex hor 
mone, progesterone, was first deter 
mined by German and American in 
vestigators in 1934. By 1937, A.W. 
Makepeace and his co-workers had 
demonstrated that the pure hormone 
suppressed ovulation in rabbits. Study 
of this hormone was not pursued again 
until 1951, because it was believed 
that the hormone was inactive if ad 
ministered orally. In 1951, Drs. Pin- 
cus and Chang reconfirmed the finding 
that rabbits, when given progesterone, 
do not ovulate. Since a female who 
does not ovulate cannot conceive, con 
traceptive possibilities were seen for 
the hormone. Dr. John Rock, in the 
United States, joined the experimen 
ters. He administered progestin (syn 
thetic progesterone) in daily doses for 
20 successive days of each menstrual 
cycle to a sample of women. One hun 
dred percent postponement of ovula 
tion resulted. 

A final study in Puerto Rico con 
firmed the former findings, and the 
United States Food and Drug Adminis 
tration approved the marketing, for 
contraceptive purposes, of the first ster 
oid, Enovid, in May, 1960, and the 
second, Ortho-Novum, in February, 
1962. 

Another type of oral contraceptive 
therapy is available today. This treat 
ment consists of one estrogenic pill 
taken daily for 14 days, followed by 
the progestational agent daily for 6 
days. This regime is said to mimic the 
normal female cycle almost perfectly. 

The future promises even better 



things: contraception achieved by one 
pill or one injection per month. 

Conclusion 

Contraceptive measures have been 
with us since the beginning of time. It 
is only recently, however, that real ad 
vances have been made in their appli 
cation and effectiveness. With further 
research, it is likely that we will see 
even greater progress in the next de 
cade. 

Bibliography 

Beck. R.P. Synthetic progestational com 
pounds. Canad. Nurs. 61: 953 - 955, Dec. 
1965. 

Eichner, Eduard. Progestins. A.J.N. 65: 78- 
81, Sept. 1965. 

Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contraception 
Through the Ages. London, Peter Owen, 
1963. 

Fortier, L. The role of hormones in gyne- 
cology. Canad. Nurs. 61: 815-817, Oct. 
1965. 

Fryer, P. The Birth Controllers. London, 
Seeker and Warburg, 1965. 

Himes, N.E. Medical History of Contra 
ception. New York, Gamut Press, Inc., 
1963. 

Rock, John. The Time Has Come. New 
York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1963. 

Schleisner, K.M. A study of intrauterine 
contraceptive devices. A.J.N. 66:2469: 
2470, Nov. 1966. 

Solloway, A. Birth Control and Catholic 
Doctrine, Boston, Beacon Press, 1941. fj 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



Present status of 
renal transplantation 



Results of kidney transplants have been sufficiently impressive that the popular 
press, no longer able to amaze us with the "miraculous" nature of early results, 
now tantalize us with the pathos of the "brief reprieve." Even this perspective is 
rapidly changing. 



|.B. Dossetor, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.(c) 



By 1960, sufficient transplantations 
had been performed between identical 
twins to establish that this procedure 
should be successful in every instance. 
From 1959 to 1963, allografts (grafts 
between two individuals of the same 
species) of human kidneys were re 
ported with increasing frequency in 
the lay press, and, with less melo 
drama but still often prematurely, in 
the medical literature - - the limited 
success still being regarded with awe 
or disdain by either type of reader, 
depending on his disposition. 

Since 1963, larger series of such 
allografts have been studied at six 
to ten main centers on this continent 
and in Europe. Results have been suf 
ficiently impressive that the popular 
press, no longer able to amaze us with 
the "miraculous" nature of early res 
ults, now tantalize us with the pathos 
of the "brief reprieve." Even this 
perspective is changing. The figures 
for "percentage surviving with good 
kidney function" at one year is 65 
percent for kidneys from live blood 
relatives and 40 percent at one year 
for randomly matched cadaver kid 
neys. 

The basic problem is immunolog- 
ical. Foreign proteins (antigens) from 
the graft may be released into the 
host whose reticuloendothelial and 
lymphatic systems recognize the pro 
tein as foreign and mount an im 
mune response. The cellular proteins 
responsible for this stimulation are 
termed "histocompatibility antigens." 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



These antigens are present in all cells 
of the body except unnucleated red 
blood cells. They are specific for each 
individual. The ability to type human 
histocomptability antigens is the most 
pressing single need in human allo- 
graft research today. 

The immune reflex 

The immune response is a reflex 
with afferent, central, and efferent 
portions. A schematic representation 
of the arc is seen in Figure 1. The 
simplicity of this concept should not 
be allowed to obscure the ignorance 
that still exists concerning it. It is 
not known how, or in what form, 
histocompatibility antigens of a renal 
transplant (or allograft) are received 
throughout the reticulo-lymphatic sys 
tem of spleen and lymph nodes. It is 
clearly established, however, that large 
lymphocytes develop in lymphoid or 
gans after an organ allograft and that 
lymphocytes invade the organ during 
rejection. 

There are two ways of interfering 
with this immunological reflex. The 
first and most desirable method has 
not been produced intentionally in 
man to date. By this method, specific 
inhibition of response is induced only 
to antigens of the graft, leaving other 

Dr. Dossetor is Director of Renal and 
Urological Research and Assistant Physician 
in the Department of Medicine at Royal 
Victoria Hospital, Montreal, and Assistant 
Professor of Medicine and Experimental 
Surgery at McGill University, Monreal. 



responsiveness intact. This amounts to 
inducing specific "tolerance." The 
second method, which is the one used 
clinically, produces generalized inhi 
bition of response to all antigens 
through the use of agents that produce 
total immune repression. Such agents 
in use today include azathioprine 
(Imuran), Actinomycin, prednisone, 
cyclophosphamide, and, more recently, 
antilymphocyte serum. 

Human renal allografts 

The present phase of human renal 
transplantations began when Schwartz 
and Dameshek found that immune 
responses were inhibited by 6-mercap- 
topurine. Soon afterward, Calne and 
Murray showed that renal allograft 
survival could be prolonged in the 
dog; later, the team at Peter Bent 
Brigham Hospital completed similar 
experiments for man. 

Early reports indicated that success 
was likely only in live blood-related 
kidney transplants. Later, it was dem 
onstrated that comparable success 
may occur when special care is taken 
to obtain functioning kidneys from 
suitable cadaver donors. When acute 
renal failure occurs in this latter case, 
hemodialysis can be used to main 
tain the recipient until diuresis occurs, 
days or weeks later. 

Ethical considerations 

Experience at the Royal Victoria 
Hospital has been with cadaver kidney 
transplants. The decision to limit trans 
plants to cadaver kidneys is based 

OCTOBER 1967 



on the serious ethical considerations 
involved in removing a normal kidney 
from a healthy person. We still have 
to face the medicolegal question of 
the definition of the moment of death. 
It is curious that there is only one 
definition, in law, and that is "when 
a duly qualified doctor says a patient 
is dead." More scientific criteria, based 
on electroencephalograms and other 
objective measurements, are needed 
urgently to avoid even a minute of 
avoidable delay as well as a minute 
of premature action. 

Short notice 

Many donors have been victims of 
traffic accidents and are unconscious. 
Permission to remove the kidneys is 
obtained from the next of kin and 
the coroner before any preparations 
are made. The surgical teams must 
be prepared to begin work at any 
time, and operating room facilities 
must be available on short notice for 
three operations - - removal of two 
kidneys from a recently deceased 
donor and transplantation of a kidney 
into two recipients. 

The recipients are called on short 
notice from wherever they have been 
staying during their twice-weekly he- 
modialysis program. Usually they have 
had both their diseased kidneys re 
moved some months earlier; if not, 
these are removed at the same time as 
implantation. As a tribute to the 
innate sense of human brotherhood, 
it should be recorded that permission 
to use kidneys of a close relative, 
after the latter s death, has been re 
fused only twice in over 40 occasions. 

When a live donor is used, a very 
careful assessment is needed: normal 
renal function must be determined, 
an aortogram must be taken to rule 
out the presence of abnormal vessels, 
and a thorough psychological exam 
ination must be given. Not all moti 
vation to donate is acceptable, par 
ticularly if based on a desire to expiate 
guilt, or when pressure has been 
exerted by others. Women in the child- 
bearing period also are excluded. 

After transplantation 

The regimen of drugs used in dif 
ferent centers includes azathioprine 
(Imuran), Actinomycin, and corticos- 



teroid. Changes in drug dosage are 
frequent in the first three months; 
after this time, the dose of azathio 
prine is maintained as high as possi 
ble to avoid toxicity, whereas corti- 
costeroids are reduced gradually and 
even discontinued, when possible. Ad 
ditional measures, such as thymec- 
tomy, splenectomy, irradiation of the 
transplanted kidney, irradiation of peri 
pheral blood, or irradiation of thoracic 
duct lymph, are used as adjunctive 
therapy by most centers. 

Various parameters of renal function 
and evidences of rejection are mea 
sured daily. Changes in these functions 
are contrasted with evidence of drug 
toxicity and complications of the 



Cushiongoid state. Careful medical 
supervision is necessary to control hy 
pertension, urinary infection, and 
urinary obstruction or leakage. Viral, 
bacterial and fungal infections occur 
readily in oropharynx, lungs and else 
where. 

Rejection of the transplant is de 
tected by changes in the size and 
consistency of the allograft, fever, 
development of acidosis, oliguria, as 
well as by decreasing renal function 
and return of azotemia. Episodes of 
rejection are treated with local x-irra- 
diation to the graft and increased 
doses of corticosteroid. 

Most rejections can be completely 
reversed if treated promptly and vig 
orously. Some will be completely ir- 



SOME FACTORS IN HOMOTRANSPLANT REJECTION 



GRAFT 




1) GENETIC IDENTITY 
2) INDUCED "TOLERANCE" 
3) RADIATION INDUCED CHIMERISM 

4) PARTIAL SUPPRESSION OF R.E. SYSTEM 
(X-RAYS. CHEMOTHERAPY. UREMIA ETC.) 



Figure 1 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



reversible, in which case the kidney 
must be removed. The patient then 
goes back on hemodialysis and can 
be given a second transplant later. 

Present perspectives 

The fundamental justification of the 
present management of human renal 
allografts rests in the fact that the 
activity of rejection decreases after 
the first three months, allowing a 
gradual but marked reduction of drug 
dosage, without deterioration of renal 
function. This, in turn, means that 
undesirable immune supression to 
other antigens can be removed and 
immunological protection against viral 
and bacterial assaults restored. 

It is not known why nor how this 
ease of control comes about. It is 
possible that some degree of selective 
and specific tolerance to the foreign 
proteins may have been achieved. In 
animals, tolerance to protein may be 
brought about by the use of intra 
venous antigen injections, together 
with 6-mercaptopurine injection. 

One year later 

How does a patient, alive with ade 
quate renal function" one year after 



transplantation, actually feel? What 
limitations must he endure? These 
questions are important to those res 
ponsible for terminal uremic patients. 

At one year, the patient is on 
free diet, feels well, has full energy, 
and is back at full employment. He 
may still require medication for hyper 
tension and will be taking 50 to 
100 mg. of Imuran and probably 12 
to 20 mg. of Medrol every second 
day. He must visit the follow-up 
clinic at two- to six-week intervals. 
He has a one-in-four chance of having 
one of the following delayed compli 
cations: low grade hepatitis (S.G.O.T. 
elevation without jaundice), or pain 
in hips and a limp (aseptic necrosis 
of head of femur). This is the clinical 
state of 66 percent of live donor 
transplants and 40 percent of cadaver 
transplants. 

A patient who has survived one 
year has an 80 percent chance of 
being well at the end of the second 
year. Beyond that point prognosis is 
unknown, but generally is good in those 
who have reached the two-year mark. 
Five-year survival figures, which 
would be the most valuable index of 
treatment, are not yet available. 



The future 

Future trends in renal transplan 
tation will depend on the speed with 
which researchers meet several pres 
sing needs. These needs are listed in 
the order in which success might be 
anticipated: 

1. A rapid method of tissue typing. 

2. Adequate ways of storing viable 
kidney tissue for implantation 24 to 
72 hours later. 

3. Development of safer and more 
effective immunosuppressive regimens, 
e.g., antilymphocyte serum. 

4. Potent ways of altering specific 
immune response through the use of 
massive doses of antigens of crude 
type or specific subcellular fraction; 
through induction of tolerance by 
RNA-like manipulations; or by re 
peated small doses of specific antigen. 

5. Greater understanding of xeno- 
geneic renal grafts, especially from 
other primates. 

Only when real progress has been 
made in several of the first four points 
mentioned above will survival figures 
for renal transplantation equal those 
achieved by the more costly and life- 
restricting hemodialysis. [D 




A nine-year-old patient tells Santa 
Claus (an R.V.H. doctor) what he d 
like for Christmas. This boy had a 
kidney transplant last August. 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



The author (extreme right) and Mrs. 
Wagner (extreme left), secretary of the 
renal transplant program, pose with 
patients at a hospital party. 

OCTOBER 1967 



Nursing care in 
renal transplantation 



The patient who is treated as a team member, rather than as a passive therapeutic 
challenge, usually will be able to face the many difficulties that he ll encounter 
in the renal transplant program. 



The renal transplant program at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital was instituted 
by Dr. John Dossetor in 1961. Under 
this program, persons who meet cer 
tain criteria are accepted for short- 
term dialysis and renal transplant. 

General health - - aside from the 
renal disease itself and age are 
the most important criteria of admis 
sion to this program. Only persons 
who are under 45 years and in fairly 
good health are accepted. Patients 
with a history of cardiac disease, 
severe hypertension that is non-renal 
in origin, or other systemic disease, 
are poor operative risks and, there 
fore, are not considered for this type 
of therapy. 

The prospective patient must under 
go a complete psychiatric, as well 
as physical, examination. Once accept 
ed on the program he will be under 
an almost overpowering emotional 
stress. He has to face the initial ac 
ceptance of the prospect of death; 
the shift to the hope offered by renal 
transplant; and a long period of un 
certainty about the outcome.* 

Disadvantages of dialysis program 

Hemodialysis programs are of two 
types: chronic dialysis, which is used 
to keep the patient in good health up 
to 10 years; and short-term dialysis, 
which is used until the patient can 

* Dorothy J. Shebelski, "Nursing patients 
who have renal homotransplants," Amer. 
J. Nurs, vol. 66, Nov., 1966, pp. 2425-28. 



Janet Mat Donald 

receive a transplant. At present, the 
chance of living a prolonged life is 
less following a renal transplant than 
it is on a chronic dialysis program. 

Why not put all persons with renal 
failure on a chronic dialysis program? 
There are several reasons. First, it 
simply is not feasible, because of 
cost, amount of equipment, and num 
ber of trained staff that would be re 
quired. The dialyzing centers in Mon 
treal, for instance, already are over 
loaded. Moreover, dialyzing centers in 
Canada are scarce and widely separat 
ed. One cannot ignore persons who 
require treatment just because they 
are not fortunate enough to live near 
a dialyzing center. 

Second, in any dialyzing program, 
the patient is dependent on a machine 
for his life. This dependence is demor 
alizing, particularly if no hope of 
"escape" is offered. Third, if a per 
son is to do well on a chronic dial 
yzing program, he must comply with 
the regime at all times. This means 
that he follows the salt-free diet, limits 
his fluid intake, takes his medica 
tions faithfully, and protects his shunt 
and checks it regularly. Some patients 
cannot be depended upon to continue 
this restrictive way of life indefinitely. 

The solution for patients who can 
not, for any of these reasons, undergo 
chronic dialysis, is a program of short- 
term dialysis and renal transplant. 

Miss MacDonald is Head Nurse on a 
medical unit at the Royal Victoria Hos 
pital, Montreal, Quebec. 



This is the program in use at the 
Royal Victoria Hospital. 

Treated as member of team 

The nurse helps to create a com 
fortable and congenial atmosphere. As 
she admits the patient to the ward, 
she will make a deep impression on 
him; whether or not this impression 
is a favorable one, depends on her 
management of the admission pro 
cedure. 

The nurse must understand the fear 
that her patient experiences on en 
tering hospital, his concern over his 
illness, and his sense of loss and 
bewilderment at being separated from 
his family and surrounded by strang 
ers. The way in which his needs are 
evaluated, analyzed, and met by the 
nurse caring for him will affect his 
future relationships with staff signif 
icantly. The patient who is helped 
to feel at home on the ward and is 
treated as a member of the team 
rather than as a passive therapeutic 
challenge, will be more cooperative 
and, therefore, more easily treated. 

Initially, of course, the primary ob 
jective is to stabilize his condition and 
to prevent complications. As soon as 
possible an intensive investigation is 
begun to determine the exact nature 
and extent of his renal incapacity. 
Numerous tests, intravenous pyelo- 
gram, renogram and scan rennin 
essays, urinary electrolytes and pro 
tein excretion, and renal biopsy are 
part of this intensive investigation. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



The nurse s role in this phase of the 
patient s hospitalization is extremely 
demanding. She must be familiar with 
all diagnostic procedures so that she 
can prepare the patient both physical 
ly and emotionally for them. She 
knows how to collect specimens prop 
erly and makes certain that the pa 
tient understands the method of col 
lection and the importance of the test. 

During this period of investigation, 
the patient requires the nurse s full 
support and close attention. He re 
mains on a rigid, unappetizing regime 
of fluid and food restriction (often he 
is allowed almost no free fluid and a 
maximum of 600 cc. of food fluid).** 
The nurse teaches the patient the im 
portance of this restriction and ex 
plains the exact amount and type of 
free fluid that is permitted. Because 
his diet must be low in sodium and 
potassium, he is allowed only small 
amounts of water and ginger ale as 
free fluid. Careful and accurate in 
take and output records are required. 

The renal patient suffers constantly 
from thirst; understandably, he is par 
ticularly susceptible to temptation. 
Imagine how overpowering the desire 
to drink a little extra water must be! 

The diet of the uremic patient con 
sists of 40 millequivalents of sodium, 
40 millequivalents of potassium, and 
40 grams of protein. Salt-free bread 
and butter are used, but because the 
patient is anoretic and eats poorly, 
he is occasionallyallowed such "del 
icacies" as ham or bacon. On such 
occasions his daily menu must be ad 
justed accordingly. 

Some patients become much more 
cooperative if they are encouraged to 
become members of the team. This 
approach often helps them to stay 
within their intake allowance. Other 
patients, who may be less intelligent 
or less stable, need constant and close 
supervision, regardless of the staff s 
approach. Because these patients are 
cunning and develop considerable re 
sourcefulness, they often manage to 
exceed their fluid allowances by a 

** "Free fluid" is the term used to denote 
fluid that is given to the patient by the 
ward staff. "Food fluid" is anything that 
the dietitian gives in accordance with the 
dietary regime ordered by the doctor. 



considerable amount. The nurse must 
be familiar with the signs of over- 
hydration (weight gain and edema, 
particularly of the feet, ankles, eye 
orbits, and face), and be on the alert 
for them. She also must be on the 
alert for signs of dehydration, which 
occasionally follow hemodialysis. 
These signs include a dry, loose skin; 
parched lips and tongue; and ex 
cessive thirst. 

Since many patients with renal dis 
ease have hypertension, frequent and 
accurate monitoring of blood pressure 
is necessary. Antihypertensives are 
administered as a regular dosage, and 
frequently as a p.r.n. medication for 
"spikes" of blood pressure. The nurse 
is familiar with the action of these 
drugs, and is on the alert for any side 
effects. Any marked variance in blood 
pressure is checked and reported. 



Once the diagnostic tests have been 
completed and evaluated, the medical 
staff consider the possibility of renal 
transplant. At least part of this dis 
cussion is held with the patient pres 
ent as an involved member of the 
team. The nursing staff, who spend 
more time than the medical staff with 
the patient, give some indication of 
the degree of cooperation that can 
be expected from him and contrib 
ute information about his basic per 
sonality and needs. If the patient meets 
the necessary criteria, he is accepted 
into the program; the staff begin im 
mediately to prepare him for it. 

No questions evaded 

The exact nature and extent of 
the patient s disease is carefully ex 
plained to him and his family. He 
is told in frank terms that his disease 



ARTERIO- VENOUS SHUNT 

Connector 



C 



+ To Artery 



-To Vein 




External Silastic Tubing 



ARTERIO-VENOUS FISTULA 




Ligated Artery T 



Blood Flow 



36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



is irreversible and eventually will prove 
fatal. Finally, he is given an honest 
and complete explanation of the renal 
transplant program. He learns that 
it requires his full cooperation; that it 
necessitates regular hemodialysis; that 
he eventually will receive a transplant 
from a cadaver and that there 
is a great deal of uncertainty about 
the final success of the renal trans 
plant. No facts or statistics, whether 
encouraging or discouraging, are 
withheld; no questions are evaded. 

Now the patient must decide 
whether to embark upon this long and 
difficult program. It is, understandably, 
an extremely difficult decision to 
make. The nurse can do more for 
the patient now, perhaps, than at any 
other time during his hospitalization. 
She can answer some of his questions 
(and this requires much patience on 



her part, since he may, because of 
his anxiety, ask many of the same 
questions over and over again); other 
questions must be referred to his doc 
tors. He will benefit noticeably from 
a nurse-patient relationship based on 
understanding and encouragement. 

Pre-transplant phase 

If the patient decides to enter the 
program, he signs a special consent 
form which states that he fully under 
stands the extent of his disease and 
the requirements of the program, and 
that he agrees to follow these require 
ments. 

The initial step on the pre-trans- 
plant phase of the program is the in 
sertion of the arteriolar-venous (AV) 
shunt or, more recently, the creation 
of an AV fistula, for hemodialysis. 
An AV shunt is simply a U-shaped 



synthetic plastic tube - - one end of 
which is inserted into the vein, and 
the other into an artery. The loop of 
the U is exposed on the skin surface 
and is a plum color because of the 
arterial blood flowing through it. An 
AV fistula is an end-to-side anasta- 
mosis between an artery and a vein. 
It is completely enclosed beneath the 
skin. 

This shunt, or fistula, brings forth 
yet another concern for the nurse. She 
must be aware of its function and 
purpose and the complications made 
possible by its very existence. The 
shunt must be checked frequently and 
carefully for patency (it is patent if 
a bruit is audible when a stethoscope 
is placed over the skin above it); 
for bleeding; and for signs of infec 
tion. The AV fistula, a recent inno 
vation, is far superior to the shunt 




OCTOBER 1967 



- 

Ten-year old girl being jed while having hemodialysis. She awaits a kidney transplant. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 



since it tends to reduce the possibility 
of complications such as hemorrhage, 
infection, and clotting. 

The next step on the program is 
that of hemodialysis. This step is 
frightening to the patient, primarily 
because he has a vague and usually 
rather distorted view of the treatment 
and what it involves. The staff nurses 
on the ward, who have established 
rapport with him, can help to revise 
his concept of the procedure by ex 
plaining it thoroughly. However, the 
staff in the dialysis unit are best equip 
ped to allay most of his fear. A visit to 
the dialysis unit and an opportunity 
to meet its nursing staff prior to the 
initial treatment will benefit the pa 
tient considerably. 

The immediate post-dialysis phase 
is another exacting time for the nurse. 
Vital signs are taken frequently and 
the shunt is checked regularly for 
signs of bleeding and for patency. 
It is not unusual for patients to de 
velop post-dialysis fever with tem 
peratures ranging up to 105F. These 
fevers are treated conservatively and 
usually subside within a 12-hour per 
iod. So far, no definite cause for 
their development has been establish 
ed. 

Occasionally, seizures occur as 
another post-dialysis complication. 
These are treated with anticonvulsant 
drugs and are documented accurately. 

The routine of hemodialysis, done 
on a regular basis usually twice week 
ly, continues for some time, along 
with the control of hypertension, res 
triction of diet, and careful observa 
tion for signs of complications. As 
soon as the patient s condition has 
been stabilized and he has adjusted 
as completely as possible to the rou 
tines, he is scheduled for bilateral ne- 
phrectomy. Both kidneys are removed 
before renal transplant surgery to 
avoid the risk of spreading any infec 
tion throughout the urinary tract. In 
addition, the surgeons dislike perform 
ing a nephrectomy at the time of 
transplant surgery, since time is pre 
cious. For the transplanted kidney to 
function and to remain viable, it must 
be removed from the donor site and 
revascularized in the recipient site in 
as short a time as possible. 

The postoperative period is another 
demanding one for patient and nurse. 



In addition to the usual postoperative 
discomfort and emotional distress, the 
patient must accept the irrevocable 
fact that he is completely dependent 
on the dialysis routine. As of now, 
he becomes more involved with his 
disease. At present, we are unable to 
offer any organized or extensive oc 
cupational therapy to the patient. He 
feels relatively comfortable most of 
the time, is up and around the ward, 
and requires some diversion. In our 
situation, it is the nurse s responsibility 
to offer these diversions. She first 
evaluates her patient s interests, con 
siders his age and his physical ability, 
and then provides the appropriate di 
versions for him. 

Following the patient s postoperative 
recovery, plans are made to discharge 
him (providing his condition is stable 
on the dialyzing regime), to await 
transplant surgery. At present, the 
waiting period is approximately six 
months. 

If the patient s home environment 
will allow him to maintain the strict 
self-discipline that is essential to his 
survival, he is sent home; otherwise 
he is discharged to a convalescent 
hospital. All patients return as outpa 
tients twice each week for hemodi 
alysis. 

Surgical phase 

The patient receives little advance 
notice before transplant surgery. When 
the death of a kidney donor becomes 
imminent, preparations begin at once 
to prepare the recipient for surgery. 

Ideally, the patient should be in 
troduced to the staff of the surgical 
unit before his discharge from the 
medical unit. This would eliminate 
much of the psychological trauma he 
feels at the time of his surgical ad 
mission. Unfortunately, this plan is 
not feasible, since he is admitted as 
an emergency patient to any one of 
several surgical wards. He has no op 
portunity to become familiar with his 
new surroundings, to establish rapport 
with the staff, or to adjust to the 
idea of surgery and the renewed hope 
it will offer him. 

The patient naturally hopes that 
renal transplant surgery will cure him, 
but it is also natural that he is 
anxious about undergoing major sur 
gery. In addition, transplant surgery 



is still a new field and the doctors, 
although optimistic, maintain a cau 
tious outlook concerning long-range 
prognosis. The patient finds his hope 
tinged will some degree of uneasiness. 
The staff can, by their actions, help 
to reduce the sense of panic that he 
feels as he observes the frenetic ac 
tivity that centers around him. 

The preparation for surgery is the 
same as that for any abdominal sur 
gery: the skin is surgically prepared 
from axilla to mid-thigh; blood is 
cross-matched and re-typed; and the 
patient is transported immediately to 
the operating room. 

In two adjacent and connecting op 
erating theatres, two teams of sur 
geons begin their surgical procedures 
simultaneously. In one theatre, the 
donor kidney is removed from its site; 
in the other, the surgeons open the 
recipient s abdomen and prepare it 
to receive the transplant. As soon as 
the donor kidney has been removed 
it is perfused with cool saline solu 
tion and is carried to the second 
theatre, where it is inserted into the 
recipient s anterior iliac fossa. The sur 
geons begin to revascularize it at once. 
The total time lapse between the re 
moval of the transplant from the 
donor site and its revascularization in 
the recipient site is approximately 45 
minutes. The abdomen is closed as 
soon as revascularization has been 
completed. 

Postoperative phase 

The patient is sent from the op 
erating room to the intensive care 
unit. Protective isolation is instituted 
to reduce the possibility of infection 
in the immediate postoperative period. 
This regime remains in force for one 
week, during which time the patient 
is observed closely and given detailed 
care. 

The patient is protected as much as 
possible from postoperative complica 
tions. Chest physiotherapy is started 
at once and ambulation begins as soon 
as possible. He is watched for signs 
of infection or bleeding from the oper 
ative wound, and vital signs are care 
fully and frequently monitored. A 
urethral catheter and a ureteral cathe 
ter are inserted at the time of opera 
tion and are closely watched for signs 
of urinary drainage; both catheters 



38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 




Nurse in control room observes patient 
who is on hemodialysis. 



are irrigated regularly. 

Of primary concern to all is the 
function of the transplanted kidney. 
There may be some urinary output at 
once; however, there have been cases 
in which the patient had no output of 
urine for as long as two or three 
weeks post-transplant. These patients 
required hemodialysis following trans 
plant, and continued on dialysis until 
the transplant began to function nor 
mally. 

As renal function improves, the 
patient goes through an initial diur 
etic phase. He is watched closely for 
signs of dehydration and electrolyte 
imbalance. The volume of urinary 
output, which often reaches five litres 
per day in this phase, is carefully mon 
itored; fluids are replaced. At last 
he is allowed to eat a normal diet and 
drink as much fluid as he wishes; 
understandably, fluid replacement is 
no problem. 

The patient continues on antihy- 
pertensive medications. In addition he 
is given large doses of steroids and 
Imuran an immunosuppressant - 
to help prevent rejection of the trans- 

OCTOBER 1967 






plant. The nurse watches for any 
signs of the harmful side effects of 
these drugs. Prednisone, when given 
in large doses over an extended per 
iod, often causes diabetes mellitus. 
The patient s urine must be regularly 
tested for the presence of sugar and 
acetone. Since Imuran may produce a 
leukopenia, the patient s white blood 
cell count is followed closely. 

Convalescent phase 

After the initial postoperative week, 
the patient leaves the intensive care 
unit and returns to the ward on which 
he received his pre-transplant treat 
ment. At this point he usually feels 
extremely buoyant and optomistic 
about his future. As his renal func 
tion remains stable and as he becomes 
stronger, he begins to anticipate his 
discharge from hospital. 

He is very ambivalent about this 
step. He naturally is anxious to leave 
hospital - - an event that represents 
his return to normal health but he 
is worried about returning to his family 
and resuming his role as head of the 



household. He must avoid any job 
that requires strenuous physical activi 
ty, and this may mean a radical 
change for him. He may be worried 
about finding work and about his 
ability to provide for his family. 

The patient s fears may be expres 
sed through an aggressive hostility 
toward hospital staff, or by an in 
creasing demand for attention. The 
nursing staff must be aware that these 
attitudes are the patient s outlets for 
his own fears and frustrations and 
do not represent real hostility toward 
them. He requires their understanding 
support and encouragement - - even 
though he does not display this need 
in a positive manner. The patient s 
family should be made aware of his 
problems and needs so that they can 
understand his attitude and give him 
the support that he requires. The 
hospital social service worker, who 
has followed his progress, can give 
additional support. 

If the patient continues to improve 
and to be free of any. signs of trans 
plant rejection (elevated temperature 
and white blood count; increase in 
size and firmness of the transplanted 
kidney, which is readily palpated 
since it is in the abdominal cavity), 
he is allowed to go home for one- 
day visits. Through these visits he is 
allowed to resume his position in the 
family gradually, and to re-adjust to 
it. 

Approximately six weeks following 
transplant surgery, the patient is dis 
charged from hospital. Before he 
leaves, he receives extensive teaching 
and reassurance. He soon learns to 
identify the signs and symptoms of 
rejection and realizes that if they ap 
pear, they must be reported to the 
doctor at once. 

He also is given instruction about 
his medications. We have found it 
helpful to give the patient a card to 
which a sample of each of his med 
ications is attached. Included beside 
each sample is the name of the drug, 
the strength of the pill, its action, 
and the frequency of dosage. 

After final instructions, advice, and 
reassurance, the patient is at last ready 
to leave hospital. He can resume life 
with new health and new hope for 
the future. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 



Nursing the patient 
on long-term hemodialysis 



Considerable support is needed by this patient who must depend on a machine 
for his survival. 



Lynda Nesbitt 



The patient on long-term, chronic 
hemodialysis is faced with a multitude 
of problems. In addition to the usual 
stresses of everyday life, he is beset 
with the problem of being dependent 
on a complex and complicated ma 
chine for his survival. 

To help this patient, the nurse must 
have a healthy outlook toward chronic 
illness. Moreover, she needs a good 
understanding of both human and ma 
chine behavior, and a knowledge of 
what makes each "tick." She must be 
able to listen objectively to her pa 
tient s problems and, with the cooper 
ation of his family, help him to work 
them out for himself. 

Her position on the artificial kidney 
team has both advantages and dis 
advantages. On one hand, she sees 
same patients regularly and frequently 
and so can watch their development 
and see how they are adjusting to 
treatment. She becomes well acquaint 
ed with the families and aware of 
some of their weaknesses and 
strengths. All this enables her to have 
more insight into the basic problems. 

On the other hand, however, definite 
problems can arise in such a close 
nurse-patient relationship. The nurse 
may become so involved with her pa 
tient and his family that she is unable 
to help them at a time of crisis. If 
she can retain her concern for the 
patient and keep her professional ob 
jectivity, the advantages of the situa 
tion will outweigh the disadvantages. 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



A need to belong 

The nurse is in an excellent posi 
tion to provide support to both the 
patient and his family. An example 
will illustrate the importance of this. 

A patient who had been on chronic 
hemodialysis for about three years at 
tempted suicide. The family history 
showed that the patient s wife joined 
various organizations when he first 
became ill, took vocational courses at 
night school, and generally kept her 
self busy so that if anything happened 
to him, she would be self-supporting. 

As time went on, the patient be 
gan to belive that nobody needed him. 
His children had grown up and were 
independent, and his wife was finan 
cially secure. He did not express these 
feelings to his wife because he was 
afraid that it would upset her. She 
failed to express her need for him be 
cause she believed it would only be 
one more burden for him. It required 
the episode of serious depression to 
being them closer together and make 
him realize how much he actually was 
needed. 

The need to belong gives purpose 
to life. As one patient put it, "When 
I know that I have a wife and chil- 

Miss Nesbitt, a graduate of The Montreal 
General Hospital, has a diploma in public 
health nursing from the University of 
Western Ontario School of Nursing. Before 
attending UWO, she worked in the Artifi 
cial Kidney Unit of The Montreal General 
Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 



dren to support and that they need 
me, I feel that I have a purpose in 
life." This purpose for living is ab 
solutely essential if the patient on a 
chronic hemodialysis program is to be 
rehabilitated. There is little point, even 
in the patient s eyes, of being kept 
alive if it means only to exist. 

Die! for life 

Many other problems must be over 
come by these patients. First and fore 
most is diet. This is as important as 
dialysis in the overall treatment pro 
gram. If the patient were not on a 
restricted diet, hemodialysis would be 
virtually useless unless carried out 
every day. In most centers, diet is res 
tricted primarily with regard to so 
dium, protein, potassium, and fluid 
intake. 

The family s cooperation is of ut 
most importance, especially when the 
patient is a male and his wife bears 
the responsibility of cooking the meals. 
Diet principles must be carefully ex 
plained. The wife should be encou 
raged to question and should feel free 
to call the dietitian or the nurse when 
she is uncertain about the value of 
a particular food. 

The adjustment to diet is one of 
the most difficult hurdles for the pa 
tient to overcome. If his wife can 
make the meals attractive and appeal 
ing, and if the family can make meal 
time a congenial get-together, some of 
his difficulty may be overcome. 

OCTOBER 1967 



As active as possible 

The second possible problem area 
involves activity restriction - - includ 
ing work restriction. Once again, fami 
ly support is indispensable. If the pa 
tient is treated like an invalid, he will 
become one. This is contrary to the 
whole purpose of the hemodialysis 
program. 

The patient should be able to tol 
erate almost as much activity as he 
could before he became ill. This de 
pends on his age and previous physi 
cal condition. The patient himself 
usually knows best when he had had 
enough activity. When he thinks to 
himself, "If I do this any longer I m 
going to be tired," then it is time for 
him to quit. 

A problem may arise if the patient 
sees himself as a sick person; he may 
be afraid to indulge in any kind of 
strenuous activity. It is then up to 
the family to support and encourage 
him to become more active. Well-ad 
justed patients all over the world are 
on chronic hemodialysis programs and 
are engaging in activities that range 
from hiking and skiing to painting 
homes and planting gardens. 

The patient may run into problems 
at work. If he has had a position of 
responsibility and his employer is wil 
ling to allow him to retain this posi 
tion, there is no reason why he cannot 
continue. To take away job responsi 
bility would only serve to undermine 
his pride and, in turn, cause resent 
ment and loss of self-respect. All these 
feelings could combine to cause an 
unsatisfactory adjustment to chronic 
hemodialysis, or, worse, no adjustment 
at all. 

The laborer faces a different prob 
lem. He may be required to change his 
occupation completely if there is dan 
ger that his work could lead to such 
things as cannula infection or trauma 
to the cannula site. In this instance, 
he will need to readjust his self -ex 
pectations and will require the support 
and encouragement of his family as he 
begins a new occupation. 

When considering type of occupa 
tion or extent of recreational activity, 



the care of the- cannulas is kept in 
mind. Both patient and family are 
taught how to change the cannula dres 
sing; if it becomes wet or soiled, it 
can be changed at home to reduce the 
possibility of infection. 

Home care of cannula 

The patient and his family are 
taught cannula care as soon as the can 
nulas are inserted. The ward nurse 
shows them how to clean and dress 
the cannula, using aseptic technique, 
then watches while each family mem 
ber gives a return demonstration. By 
the time the patient is discharged 
home, he and his family can care for 
the cannulas with ease. 

The family will be given the equip 
ment needed for dressing changes or 
will be told where it can be purchased. 
This depends on hospital policy. They 
are taught how to sterilize equipment 
other than gloves, which are dispos 
able. 

Financial aspects 

This differs from province to prov 
ince, depending on the type of medical 
insurance plan available. In Ontario, 
patients are covered by the Ontario 
Hospital Services Commission for hos- 
pitalization and nursing care. Doctors 
fees frequently are paid by private or 
government medical insurance plans to 
which the patient may subscribe. When 
medical insurance terminates, as in pri 
vate medical plans, the doctors conti 
nue to treat the patients without 
charge. 

A similar situation exists in Quebec. 
In Montreal, the Kidney Foundation 
gives financial aid and a large amount 
of money is received through private 
donations. 

Hospitalization costs for dialysis 
vary from $7,000 to $20,000 per year 
per patient. The range is accounted 
for by the physical size of the unit and 
how many patients can be treated by 
the same nursing staff in a single unit. 

Independence is the goal 

The patient may become overdepen- 
dent on staff. One possible solution 



is to involve him in the actual treat 
ment. In some centers patients with 
leg cannulas have been taught to be 
gin dialysis themselves. With the ad 
vent of home dialysis programs, fami 
ly members and patient can carry out 
the dialysis and monitor the machine. 
This requires intensive teaching and 
support on the part of the nursing 
staff, but in some centers has led to 
better patient adjustment and closer 
patient-family relations. 

After the acute phase of illness, 
the patient usually worries about the 
technical aspects of his treatment. He 
wonders whether his blood flow is 
adequate, how well the cannulas are 
functioning, and so on. His emo 
tional and social needs come to the 
fore after this second stage has passed. 

Bibliography 

Brand, R. and Komorita, N, Adapting to 
long-term hemodialysis. Amer. J. Nurs. 
August, 1966, p. 1778. 

Fellows, B. Hemodialysis at home. Amer. 
J. Nurs. August, 1966, p. 1775. 

Rackham, J.C. The artificial kidney. Canad. 
Nurs. August, 1959, p.716. 

Shea, E.J., Bogden, D.F., Freeman, R.B., 
and Schreiner, G. E. Hemodialysis for 
chronic renal failure part IV psy 
chological considerations. Ann. Intern. 
Med. vol. 62, # 3, March, 1965, p.558- 
63. 

Schreiner, G. E. and Maher, J. F. Hemodia 
lysis for chronic renal failure - - part 
III medical, moral, ethical, and socio- 
economic problems. Ann. Intern. Med., 
March, 1965, p.551-7. Q 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Treatment of 
traumatic rupture of urethra 



Complete transection of the urethra at the apex of the prostate is one of the most 
serious urological injuries. It is also one of the most difficult to manage. 
Urethroplasty, performed in two stages, is now the surgical method of choice. 



Figure 1 








Douglas D. Morehouse, M.D. 

Transection of the urethra at the 
apex of the prostate is found in about 
10 percent of male patients who have 
fractures of the pelvis involving the 
symphysis pubis. In complete rupture, 
an upward and posterior displacement 
of the bladder and prostate gland is 
evident. In these cases, rupture of 
the pubo-prostatic ligaments, frequent 
ly accompany the injury. Bleeding 
from the external urinary meatus may 
or may not occur. On rectal examina 
tion, a boggy mass is felt in the 
normal location of the prostate. 

The diagnosis of urethral rupture 
can be confirmed by a retrograde ur- 
ethrogram (Figure 1), This will show 
extravasation of contrast media at the 
site of rupture into the retropubic and 
perivesical areas. 

It is unwise to introduce a catheter 
into the urethra, as it may convert a 
partial rupture into a complete one. 
Also, catheterization increases the risk 
of hemorrhage and infection. 

Management in the past 

In the past, an attempt usually was 
made to reestablish urethral continuity 
at the time of injury. This was achiev 
ed by manipulating a urethral catheter 
across the defect, with or without an 
attempt at primary anastomosis. 
Sometimes the catheter was placed on 
traction for varying periods; some 
times sutures were taken in the pros 
tate and passed through the perineum 



under tension to reduce the chances of 
separating the two severed ends of the 
urethra. Various other techniques have 
been utilized. In general, the results 
have been poor. 

Most of these patients have requir 
ed repeated urethral dilation, often 
for the rest of their lives. They have 
been troubled with urinary tract infec 
tions, stones, and fistulae. Eventually, 
marked obstructive changes occurred 
in their bladders, characterized by tra- 
beculation cellules and diverticula; 
later, upper urinary tract dilation re 
sulted, followed by marked renal dam 
age from pyelonephritis as a result of 
obstruction and vesico-ureteral reflux. 
Subsequently, these patients developed 
hypertension and uremia. Many died 
prematurely as the result of the ur 
ethral injury and its management. 

Present treatment 

In recent years, patients with com 
plete transection of the urethra have 
had their lives prolonged by various 
forms of urinary diversion. Several 
persons who were treated by the 
above-mentioned method at the time 
of initial injury have had further 
surgery, in the form of a urethroplas- 
ty. This technique, as described by 
Johanson,* is difficult because of the 
dense scar formation in the area of 
stricture. The results, however, have 
been encouraging. 



i 1 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Dr. Morehouse is Assistant Urologist, *Bengt Johanson, Acta. Chirurgica Scandi- 
Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, P.Q. navica (suppl. 176), Stockholm, 1953. 

OCTOBER 1967 



Objectives of treatment 

In managing patients with transec- 
tion of the urethra, the surgeon at 
tempts to : 1 . use as little manipula 
tion as possible when there are mul 
tiple injuries; 2. remove the urethral 
stricture; 3. maintain urinary contin 
ence; 4. maintain potency; 5. assure 
normal ejaculation; and 6. maintain 
or improve the status of the upper 
urinary tract. 

The patient with multiple injuries 

The patient wth multiple injuries 
usually has been involved in an auto 
motive or industrial accident. Fre 
quently, his condition is critical. 

Several specialists are involved in 
the emergency treatment of this pa 
tient. The aim of each specialist is to 
use the least amount of manipulation 
necessary to produce the best results. 

For the patient with complete tran- 
section of the urethra at the apex of 
the prostate, the best emergency treat 
ment is a suprapubic cystostomy. This 
is a quick and simple procedure. 
Moreover, it is not associated with the 
extensive fibrosis that occurs when 
primary anastomosis is attempted in 







the pool of blood usually found in the 
space of Retzius following this injury. 
Also, since this space is not widely 
exposed, there is less chance of intro 
ducing infection with additional subse 
quent fibrosis. 

If this type of treatment is utilized, 
the hematomas are absorbed and 
urethroplasty can be performed in 
about three months without significant 
local reaction. 

Removal of urethral stricture 

Any method of management must 
aim at complete cure of the stricture. 
Attempts at primary anastomosis 
have, in general, been disappointing. 
Most of these cases have required 
further management as outlined 
earlier. 

Maintaining urinary continence 

It is unusual for a patient to have 
urinary incontinence as a direct result 
of the injury. However, in the past six 
months I have seen five patients who 
were incontinent following an initial 
attempt at primary reconstruction at 
the time of injury. Two of these pa 
tients gained complete control follow 
ing first stage urethroplasty. On the 




SCROTAL CLEFT 



Figure 3 



Figure 2 



other hand, none of the patients who 
were treated at the time of injury by 
suprapubic cystostomy were inconti 
nent. This suggests that the primary 
treatment may play a role in the de 
velopment of incontinence; perhaps by 
the extensive fibrosis produced in the 
area of injury and subsequent surgery. 

Potency 

Most patients with transection of 
the urethra have normal erections fol 
lowing the injury and following ureth 
roplasty. Forty-five patients of a total 
of 47 in Johanson s experience have 
had normal erections following ureth 
roplasty. None of the adults I have 
treated with this injury have been im 
potent after this type of surgery. 



Normal ejaculation 

During the first-stage urethroplasty, 
care is taken while placing the three 
apical sutures to avoid injury to the 
ejaculatory ducts. These ducts open 
on either side of the verumontanum. 
Normal ejaculation usually is preserv 
ed following urethroplasty for high 
urethral injuries. 

Maintenance of normal upper urinary 
tract 

Following urethroplasty, the upper 
urinary tract not only maintains itself, 
but also usually shows improvement. 
This is to be expected, because the 
removal of catheters and obstruction 
clears up any urinary tract infection. 

Urethral reconstruction by 
urethroplasty 

A suprapubic cystostomy complete 
ly manages the emergency situation. 
Furthermore, it permits the subse 
quent first-stage urethroplasty to be 
carried out in an operative field where 
the degree of fibrosis is much less 
than it would be if a primary anasto 
mosis had been performed. 

Prior to the first-stage urethroplas 
ty, a retrograde urethrogram, combin 
ed with a cystogram through the su 
prapubic tube (Figure 2), may be car 
ried out. This shows the extent of the 
urethral defect. Then, by a combined 
suprapubic transvesical approach and 
a perineal approach, the defect is 
bridged with a pedicle flap of scrotal 
skin that has been inverted and passed 
up to the proximal stump, where it is 
held in position by three apical su 
tures. This flap passes through the 
external sphincter without injuring it. 
The proximal sutures are carefully 
placed to avoid injury to the ejacula 
tory ducts. 

At the completion of the first stage, 
there is a small "scrotal cleft" at the 
peno-scrotal junction (Figure 3). 

The second stage urethroplasty is 
performed a few months later, at 
which time the urethral defect shown 
in Figure 3 is closed by burying a 
strip of urethral mucosa and adjacent 
skin. D 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract frequently are associated with infection 
in a destructive combination. Many of these defects are not detected until 
considerable damage has been done. 



Anomalies and 
infection of 
genitourinary tract 



Almost one-third of developmental 
anomalies affect the genitourinary 
tract. The majority of these defects are 
minor, and do not impair the func 
tional state of the system. Some are 
of cosmetic importance only; others 
have a profound influence on the 
functional integrity of the urinary 
tract. It is significant that a goodly 
portion are associated with infection 
of the system. 

Resistance to infection 

The normal urinary tract, which is 
challenged frequently by bacteria that 
enter the urethra, shows considerable 
resistance to infection. This is due to 
simple dilution, continuous irrigation, 
and the presence of specific and non 
specific inhibiters. Experimentally, or 
ganisms introduced into the normal 
bladder are quickly diluted and steri 
lity is soon restored. This is not so in 
the case of obstruction or injury to 
the bladder mucosa. 

The ureterovesical junction normally 
prevents the reflux of urine into the 
upper urinary tract. This competence 
can be destroyed by inflammation as 
sociated with infection, allowing in 
fected urine to reach the kidney. In 
many instances developmental defi 
ciency of this junction in childhood is 
responsible for reflux of infected urine 
into the kidney with subsequent pye 
lonephritis. With maturity, this situa 
tion tends to correct itself. 

In other cases, congenital defects 
may cause obstruction to the urinary 
tract. This is followed by a reduction 
in resistance to bacteria, and may lead 
to a characteristic sequence of events, 
that is, obstruction, which produces 
stasis, which permits infection and in 
flammation. This may become chronic 
and be associated with stone formation. 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Douglas Ackman, M.D. 

Eventually, destruction of renal tissue 
may culminate in renal failure. In some 
cases, the kidney may recover from 
several episodes of pyelonephritis be 
fore a chronic infection is established. 

Organisms 

Infections of the urinary tract in 
volve a wide range of organisms. Ini 
tially, most infection is derived from 
intestinal organisms coliforms being 
the most common that contaminate 
the perineum. Others include aero- 
bacter, proteus, pseudomonas, strep 
tococci and staphylococci. Repeated 
infection often is associated with the 
emergence of antibiotic resistant 
strains, or acquisition of previously 
resistant hospital organisms. 

Organisms may be confined to the 
lower urinary tract, or may involve 
the kidneys when the ureterovesical 
junction is affected. There is a ten 
dency for obstruction at or below the 
neck of the bladder to cause bilateral 
renal infection, as distinguished from 
higher lesions that are often one-sided. 

Diagnosis 

Recurrent urinary tract infection re 
quires a careful, comprehensive evalua 
tion of the patient and a detailed 
examination of all aspects of the uri 
nary tract. The latter includes history 
and physical examination, microscopic 
examination of the urine, urine cul 
ture, and intravenous pyelogram. 

A cystogram, done when the urine 
is sterile, provides information on the 
residual urinary volume, the nature of 
the bladder, and the presence of urete 
rovesical reflux. Urethrograms may be 
required for some obstructive lesions. 
Finally, cystoscopic evaluation of the 

Dr. Ackman is Clinical Fellow in Urology, 
Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 



lower urinary tract, with or without 
retrograde pyelography, completes the 
examination. In many cases, repeated 
testing is required to demonstrate some 
minor abnormality. When a genitouri 
nary anomaly is suspected in a young 
child, evaluation is made as early as 
possible to avoid progressive damage. 

Congenital anomalies 

Three basic grades of develop 
mental anomalies may affect the urin 
ary tract and its resistance to infec 
tion. One group of lesions does not 
impair renal function or the flow of 
urine, and is not normally associated 
with infection. Another large group 
causes some degree of obstruction or 
deficiency in renal function. These 
lesions are associated with stasis and 
infection of urine, affecting the lower 
or upper tract in accordance with 
location. 

Finally, a small group of anomalies 
may be found in newborn children, 
causing varying amounts of renal in 
sufficiency. In these instances, the in 
sufficiency results from gross defects 
in functioning renal tissue, or severe 
obstructive uropathy that has caused 
intra-ureteral damage and renal fail 
ure. These three groups of lesions are 
illustrated by the following patient 
histories. 

Patient histories 

A five-year-old male was examined 
for enuresis. On physical examination, 
a first degree urethral hypospadius 
was detected. This involved a small 
ventral fusion defect at the glandular 
portion of the urethra. The urinary 
stream was not grossly affected, and 
presented no inconvenience to the 
child. Urinalysis ruled out infection. 
There was no need for surgical cor- 

OCTOBER 1967 



rection of this minor defect. The 
mother was reassured, and the child 
was given follow-up care until the 
enuresis cleared. 



An eight-year-old female was exam 
ined for enuresis and incontinence. 
She also had a history of febrile epi 
sodes and discomfort on voiding. Re 
cently, her mother had noted a foul- 
smelling ring on the bedsheets. Careful 
questioning revealed that although the 
child had urinary incontinence, she 
also voided normally. 

There was some bilateral renal ten 
derness. A fever was noted, and the 
urine was found to be full of leuco 
cytes. Urine culture grew pseudomo- 
nas. After extensive investigation, it 
was found that the child had several 
congenital anomalies. There was re 
duplication of the right kidney with 
a double ureter located ectopically in 
the urethra; this explained the urinary 
incontinence. The left kidney was 
slightly hydronephrotic, and its normal 
ureter terminated as a ureterocele at 
the ureterovesical junction. The ure 
terocele was visualized as a translucent 
sac lying in the bladder with a thin 
jet of urine emerging near the apex. 

Management in such cases follows 
a carefully considered sequence of 
priorities. The preservation of all pos 
sible functioning tissue is of prime 
consideration. Removal of obstruction 
and infection takes precedence over 
maintenance of continence and cos 
metic appearance. 

In this case, there was poor vi 
sualization of the upper reduplicated 
pole of the right kidney. Subsequent 
retrograde pyelography confirmed a 
grossly distorted ureter and pelvis 
without evidence of obstruction. Iso 
tope scan also demonstrated poor 
function of the renal parenchyma. 
Rather than attempt to preserve the 
renal tissue by ureteric re-implanta 
tion, it was decided to remove the en 
tire reduplicated pole and its long 
ectopic ureter, leaving the normal 
lower pole intact, with drainage into 
the bladder intact. 

The left ureterocele was managed 
by re-implantation of the ureter into 
the bladder. Simple unroofing of the 
ureterocele would have exposed the 
ureter to reflex. Eight months of con 
tinuous antibiotic management was re 
quired to achieve sterile urine. The 
clinical symptoms were entirely re 
lieved in this case and the patient 
was followed carefully over a long 
period for possible recurrent pyelone 
phritis. 

This case emphasizes several im 
portant points: 1. there are many 
possible causes of urinary obstruc 
tion; 2. the obstruction may be mech- 

OCTOBER 1967 



anical or functional; 3. early recog 
nition is essential to achieve long- 
term, satisfactory results. 

A newborn infant was noted to be 
underdeveloped and slow to respond. 
Investigation revealed renal insuffi 
ciency, with massive bilateral hydrone- 
phrosis, ureterectasis, and a distend 
ed bladder. The obstruction was 
traced to congenital flap-type ureth- 
ral valves located in the posterior 
urethra. These delicate valves obstruc 
ted the flow of urine in-utero, result 
ing in functionless kidneys at the time 
of birth. Infection was not involved 
in this case only because the child 
did not survive. 

This is an example of the extreme 
damage caused by congenital urinary 
obstruction. The prognosis usually is 
poor in spite of early diagnosis and 
treatment. Similar cases may have a 
marginal functional reserve that is 
soon depleted by added infection. 



Classification of lesions 

It is difficult to provide a classifi 
cation that will relate the problem 
of anomaly with that of infection. 
The two can best be grouped in terms 
of their effect on renal function, in a 
manner similar to the case histories. 

Group One: Normally, none of these 
lesions are associated with obstruc 
tion to urinary flow and, consequently, 
are not prone to infection. The lesions 
include: redundant foreskin; dorsal 
hood; split glans penis; diphallus; hypo- 
spadius; and epispadius. Corrective 
surgery generally is done for cosmetic 
purposes only. 

Group two: Obstruction to the urin 
ary tract may be located so that it af 
fects both upper tracts, or it may be 
confined to one side. If confined to 
one side, it may establish infection 
that eventually affects the entire tract, 
making its identification difficult. In 
all cases, early detection and correc 
tion determine the chances for a good 
long-term result. 

Anomalies of Group II that may 
cause lower tract obstruction include: 
phimosis; meatal stenosis (in both 
sexes); urethral defects (valves, stric 
tures, hypertrophy of verumontanum, 
hypospadius, epispadius, and fistulae); 
and defects of the bladder, including 
outlet stenosis, exstrophy, neurogenic 
dysfunction, and fistulae. 

Phimosis and meatal stenosis are 
easily detected, common lesions in 
children. Unfortunately, they frequent 
ly are overlooked as a cause of ob 
struction. 

Upper tract anomalies that fre 
quently result in infection include ur- 
eteral defects, such as ureterocele, 



meatal stenosis, reduplication, etc.; 
pelvic defects, such as outlet obstruc 
tion; cysts, trapped calyx, etc.; and 
renal defects such as dysplasia, cysts, 
pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney, etc. 

Corrective surgery 

When possible, the urine is steril 
ized prior to surgery. This permits 
improved technique and reduces mor 
bidity. Phimosis leading to obstruc 
tion is an absolute indication for early 
circumcision or slitting of the orifice. 
At the same time, meatal adequacy 
should be checked, and meatotomy 
performed where indicated. Urethral 
valves can be corrected by transur- 
ethral resection, or by approaching 
them from above at open vesicostomy. 
Bladder neck stenosis is usually man 
aged by revision of the bladder neck 
with a Y-V plasty. Ureteral stenosis 
may respond to simple dilation. Ureter 
ocele is managed most frequently 
by ureteral re-implantation. Ectopic 
ureter is also managed by re-implanta 
tion, although badly damaged renal 
tissue and ureter may warrant partial 
nephrectomy and ureterectomy. Uret- 
ero-pelvic obstruction will respond 
well to plastic revision of the junction 
using a variety of techniques. 

Postoperative management 

Organisms that have invaded the 
kidney frequently are difficult to era 
dicate. Antibiotics do not easily pen 
etrate scarred tissue. Also, resistant 
strains frequently emerge. Often this 
re-infection does not appear until a 
later date and may be mistaken for a 
new infection. The usual course of 
management consists of repeated urine 
cultures and suitable alteration of anti 
biotics as the organisms change sen 
sitivity. The value of long-term ther 
apy in some cases is of considerable 
merit. 

Summary 

Congenital anomalies of the urinary 
tract frequently are associated with 
infection in a destructive combina 
tion. Many of these defects are not 
detected until considerable damage has 
been done. Phimosis and meatal steno 
sis are easily detectable, and should 
be kept in mind as a possible serious 
hazard. The detection of the lesions 
frequently requires persistent search 
ing. The eradication of the accom 
panying infection may be equally frus 
trating. Some patients will require 
long-term therapy even after corrective 
surgery. An unfortunate number are 
not detected until advanced renal dam 
age already has taken place. These 
patients may, in some instances, be 
candidates for dialysis or renal trans 
plant. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



idea 
exchange 



The Canadian Nurse is always delighted to hear from readers with a "better idea." Send yours to share with your nursing colleagues. 




A recent tragedy at another hos 
pital in our city made our staff ex 
tremely fire conscious. To prevent the 
lesson from being forgotten, nursing 
staff in our hospital took steps to 
keep employees alert. 

The method of inservice education 
we developed may be especially useful 
for other chronic hospitals or nursing 
homes. 

Our problem was to keep student 
nurses and other newcomers to our 
hospital staff informed about the rapid 



removal of patients in case of emer 
gency. As in most hospitals, our staff 
turnover is very high. This means that 
fire instruction, to be effective, must 
be almost continuous. We had to de 
vise a method of inservice education 
that suited our needs, could be used 
at anytime, and yet was inexpensive. 

Up to that time we had used two 
excellent films: They Called It Fire 
proof and Emergency Evacuation of 
Patients. Although both are excellent 
teaching films, they have to be order 



ed long in advance and are available 
for only short periods at a time. We 
needed a teaching tool that was easy 
to use and available at all times. We 
decided that slides would serve our 
purpose. 

The techniques shown in Emer 
gency Evacuation of Patients are easy 
to learn and effective. We set about 
adapting them to our situation. We 
practiced the methods of carry, using 
volunteers from staff and patients. 
Once we had learned the techniques 




46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



is technique is important for 
loving a patient while maintaining 

body alignment. It requires jour 
sons. Three nurses lift the patient 
m the bed while the fourth prepares 
Blanket on the floor. 

I four nurses assist in lowering 
. patient to the floor. 

ice the patient is on the blanket 
? nurses roll the edges to form 
linders to grasp and carry. 

le patient can now be lifted easily. 




laoroughly, we set about recording 
hem on film. 

Everyone at the hospital soon be- 
: ame interested in the project because 
f staff participation. 

We also made large scale drawings 
Mf the procedures using the slides as 
Models. These are posted in con- 
. enient staff areas and serve as read- 
i y available reminders. 

We soon discovered that our artis- 
luc abilities were even more limited 
t tian our acting ones. Fortunately we 



discovered a method of tracing the 
figures using clear plastic. With the 
plastic we made outlines and thus 
proceeded with greater speed. In this 
way our work was completely original 
but it illustrated what we were trying 
to teach. 

We prepared seven procedures in 
all, based on the ones we found most 
satisfactory for our situation. Two 
of the procedures are shown in the 
accompanying photographs. 

We undertook this project because 
we believe that nurses should take the 



leadership and responsibility for teach 
ing relatively untrained staff who are 
caring for their patients. Through the 
practice for filming, the permanent 
staff became very proficient in carry 
ing out evacuation procedures. They 
are now prepared to direct emergency 
evacuation if it ever becomes neces 
sary. And, fire prevention and control 
are the first procedures we teach 
in our program. Viola Vandervoot, 
formerly Supervisor, Inservice Educa 
tion, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto. Ontario. 




This technique is useful because one 
nurse can complete it by herself. 
The nurse places a blanket on the 
floor and kneels on it by the side of 
the bed. She moves the patient close 
to her edge of the bed. 

The nurse pulls the patient close 
to her chest. 

She lowers the patient to her knees, 
and then places him on the blanket. 

The nurse can now pull the patient 
on the blanket. 

The chair carry is an easy way of 
removing a patient who can sit down. 




OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



research abstracts 



Heenan, Mary St. Roeh, Sister. Proposed 
method of evaluation of administrative 
behavior in nursing education. London, 
1962. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western 
Ontario. 

This study was an attempt to measure in 
a reasonably objective manner the extent to 
which a stated philosophy may or may not 
be operational in a school of nursing. A 
complete study was recognized to be beyond 
the scope of a single individual and this 
investigator selected certain areas of admin 
istrator-faculty, faculty-student relationships. 
Beginning with a classical philosophy, the 
investigator used its derivative fundamental 
assumptions to determine their implications 
for the area to be studied. These implica 
tions were then designed as tools of mea 
surement. 

Four hospital schools of nursing were 
used, and, in addition to the use of these 
measuring tools, direct observation and in 
terviews formed the basis of the investigat 
or s method. 

The measuring tools provided scores in 
each area under investigation and these 
were converted to percentages. The findings 
appear at the end of the study in graph 
form. The investigator supports the thesis 
that the extent to which a school s stated 
philosophy is operational, can be measured 
in a valid and reliable way. 



Cunningham, Roberta J. A proposed method 
for evaluation of teaching effectiveness in 
schools of nursing. London, 1962. Thesis 
(M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western Ontario. 
This study represents an attempt to dem 
onstrate that teaching effectiveness can be 
measured in a reasonably objective and valid 
manner. 

Tools of measurement were constructed 
on the basis of fundamental assumptions 
relevant to the educational process. These 
tools were then used to evaluate 15 teach 
ers, 5 in each of 3 hospital schools of 
nursing. These teachers were observed and 
evaluated in 3 phases of their teaching ac 
tivities: the selection, organization, and dir 
ection of student learning experiences. Data 
cards were designed for use in 3 types of 
teaching situations: the classroom, labora 
tory and clinical area, and in combinations 
of these. 

Thirty student nurses, 10 in each school 
of nursing, evaluated 6 of the participating 
teachers, 2 in each school, using a rating 
scale developed by Dr. Loretta Heidgerken. 



The 15 teachers were asked to evaluate their 
own effectiveness using the same scale. 

Finally, the scores were tabulated, and 
percentages of total scores for each teacher 
were graphed. 

Findings from this study indicate that 
teaching effectiveness can be measured in 
a valid and reliable manner, using criteria 
based on fundamental assumptions concern 
ing the educational process. 



Marie, Sister Ann. The reactions of student 
nurses to specific regulations in effect 
in nurses residences. Boston, 1964. Field 
Study (M.S.) Boston University. 
This study was conducted to examine 
student nurse reactions to student council 
regulations. Answer were sought for the 
following questions: 1 . Do student council 
regulations promote desired results in terms 
of personal and social responsibility? 2. Is 
there a difference in acceptance of regula 
tions between classes? 3. Is there a relation 
ship between student level of satisfaction 
with the profession and their reactions to 
student council regulations? 4. Is there 
a difference of acceptance of regulations 
between schools operated by religious and 
those under secular direction? 

To investigate these areas, a rating scale 
was administered to student nurses on the 
freshman, junior, and senior level in two 
schools in Metropolitan Boston, one under 
religious direction and the other under sec 
ular direction. 

The rating scale was made up of 38 
items taken from the handbooks of each 
school. It was set up to obtain student 
reactions to student council regulations on a 
five-point scale according to satisfaction 
or dissatisfaction with the regulations. Five 
open-ended questions were asked at the 
end of the rating scale to solicit reactions 
of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the 
nursing profession and to collect data con 
cerning growth in social and personal res 
ponsibility. 

The results of the rating scale were ex 
amined by means of the chi-square tech 
nique to determine the difference in satisfac 
tion and dissatisfaction with the student 
council regulations between the classes of 
each school and between the schools. Sat 
isfaction or dissatisfaction with the nursing 
profession was obtained by categorizing the 
answers from questions two, three, four, 
and five into a "yes V no" nominal scale 
and the results compared with satisfaction or 



dissatisfaction with student council regula 
tions. 

The responses to question one were ex 
amined for growth in social and personal 
responsibility. 

The results of the study indicate that 
there is very little difference in dissatisfac 
tion with student council regulations be 
tween freshman, junior, or senior students 
in each school. When the schools were 
compared it was concluded that students in 
the school under secular direction reacted 
with more dissatisfaction than students in the 
school under religious direction. 

Growth in social and personal respon 
sibility was indicated from the responses to 
the open-ended question number one on 
the rating scale in all classes in both schools 
in the area of personal concern, preparation 
for citizenship and maturity. 

The answer to question three of the 
study was obtained from the responses to 
the open-ended questions number two, 
three, four, and five at the end of the 
rating scale. It was concluded that there 
is no relationship with the nursing profes 
sion and dissatisfaction with student council 
regulations. 



Watts, Evelyn M. An assessment of the use 
of nurse-patient relationship to provide 
three aspects of supportive emotional care 
in a psychiatric hospital. London, 1962. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N.) Univ. of Western On 
tario. 

This study was an endeavor to assess the 
use of nurse-patient relationships in the pro 
vision of three aspects of supportive emo 
tional care, and, concurrently, to indentify 
the variety and extent of duties performed 
while not engaged in such relations. 

The assessment was made on 6 wards of 
a psychiatric hospital where the supportive 
emotional care of 54 patients, and the total 
activities of 15 nurses were observed. Three 
aspects of supportive emotional care self- 
esteem, understanding, and security were 
recorded as performed in 6 direct nursing 
functions. Support for the selection of these 
aspects of care is found in the literature of 
the disciplines of psychiatry, psychiatric 
nursing, psychology, and education. 

Those duties engaged in when not occu 
pied in nurse-patient relationships were 
grouped into 13 categories. 

The method and the criteria used were 
found to be satisfactory for the purposes of 
this study. G 



48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



books 



Psychology, The Nurse and the Pa 
tient, 2d ed., by Robert V. Heckel, 
B.S., M.S., Ph.D., and Rose M. Jordan, 
B.S., R.N. 344 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Alberta Casey, Clinical 
Teacher in psychiatric nursing, Ottawa 
General Hospital School of Nursing, Ot 
tawa, Ontario. 

This text is divided into five sections, 
all dealing with behavior. Included in the 
beginning chapters are the determiners, 
shapers, measures and modifiers of be 
havior as well as a chapter dealing with the 
socio-cultural approach to behavior. Pre 
ceding this is a short chapter on the de 
velopment of good study habits. 

The aim of the authors is to present a 
general psychology text that relates the sub 
ject to nursing. They have succeeded. 

From the beginning of each Chapter the 
reader follows a student nurse through the 
various phases of her education. Situations 
peculiar to nursing and nurses are outlined 
in dialogues between the student and her 
teachers and /or classmates. The authors 
then explain the psychological principles 
underlying them. 

The book presents a comprehensive chap 
ter on growth and development that in 
cludes a section on interpersonal relation 
ships and communication. In the section on 
socio-cultural approach to behavior, the 
nurse and her background and place in so 
ciety, are discussed. 

Adding to the well-organized material is 
the chapter on group behavior and leader 
ship. With the current emphasis on team 
leadership in nursing, it is essential that the 
student be familiar with these principles. 

Other psychology texts written for nurses 
have been oversimplified. 

This text is complete, well-organized, 
readable and well-illustrated. It would be 
valuable in providing the student of nurs 
ing with a thorough and applicable know 
ledge of psychology. 

Scientific Foundations of Nursing, 

2d. ed., by Madelyn T. Nordmark, and 
Anne W. Rohweder. 388 pages. J. B. 
Lippincott Co., Toronto. 
Reviewed by Miss Harriet Hayes, B.N., 
Associate Director of Nursing, Monet on 
Hospital, Moncton, N.B. 

The title of this book sums up its con 
tents. The authors deal with scientific 
principles, taken from the natural and social 



sciences that they believe form the scien 
tific foundations of nursing. The book is 
readable, concise and well-organized. 

Two sections concern the natural and 
social sciences and their nursing applica 
tions, followed by a section on the use of 
the material by nurse educators in planning 
course outlines and learning experiences for 
student nurses. 

Unit II deals with the natural sciences. 
The authors have stated 10 factors involved 
in maintaining or restoring physiological 
homeostasis, and seven additional factors 
necessary for effective and independent 
functioning of the human organism. Each 
factor is studied independently: a general 
statement or concept related to the factor 
is stated; and, in sequence, principles from 
anatomy and physiology, physics, chem 
istry and pathology are related. At the 
end is a section dealing with the applica 
tion of the principles in nursing. 

In unit III of the book, the authors dis 
cuss social science in the same way, stating 
principles from psychology, sociology and 
anthropology that are applicable in helping 
to understand human behavior. Then, as in 
unit II, they have applied them to nurs 
ing. Unit IV offers some suggestions as to 
the value and use of the book to nurse edu 
cators in planning learning experiences for 
the nursing student. It gives student objec 
tives and develops an outline for education 
in terms of behavior expected of the stu 
dent to reach these objectives. 

This book would be valuable to the stu 
dent and the professional nurse for refer 
ence and review purposes. It is not a text 
book, because its descriptions lack depth 
and detail; however it would be useful in 
helping students to realize the scientific 
basis for their knowledge. Nursing instruc 
tors would find this book invaluable in 
helping students plan and analyze nursing 
care. 



Vietnam Doctor; The Story of Pro 
ject Concern, by James W. Turpin with 
Al Hirshberg, 211 pages. Toronto, 
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1966. 

Books and articles on medical care in 
Vietnam and the ubiquitous miniskirt 
seem to be having similar problems: over- 
exposure. However, if books on careers of 
sacrifice are for you, then this is a good 
one. 

Dr. Jim Turpin left the Methodist minis 
try to enter medicine, with plans to become 



a medical missionary. This book tells his 
success story, from life as a socially-smart, 
well-to-do, and dissatisfied practitioner in 
Coronado, California, to that of a laboring, 
nearly-broke, and happy doctor-of-all-work 
in DaMpao, Vietnam. It tells the warm and 
human story of the establishment of Project 
Concern, a medical mission project that has 
grown into an international organization 
sponsoring much-needed civilian hospitals in 
Hong Kong and Vietnam. 

The story is warm and human, the prob 
lems are vital and of concern to us all, and 
the book is well-written. Recommended for 
off-duty reading. 

The Care and Training of the Mental 
ly Subnormal, 3d ed., by Charles H. 
Hallas, S. R.N., RMN, RNMS, RNT., 

254 pages. MacMillan Company of Can 
ada Limited, Toronto. 
Reviewed by Mrs. Doris E. Thompson, 
Nurse Instructor, The Children s Psychi 
atric Research Institute, London, Out. 

The fundamental purpose of this 254- 
page book was apparently to provide an 
up-to-date textbook for nurses employed 
in the care of the individual who is men 
tally retarded and to emphasize realistic and 
positive action in the nursing care of these 
patients. This was to be accomplished by 
providing a scientific basis for this special 
field of nursing. It would appear that the 
author s intention was to capture the mood 
of change and to stimulate nurses to pro 
vide better leadership in this field of nurs 
ing, and to provide support and guidance 
to families of retarded individuals. 

This book provides many accurate facts 
and demonstrates the changes in care of the 
mentally retarded, but failed to stimulate 
this reader. The chapters on syndromes, 
classification of the clinical symptoms of 
mental retardation, and drugs are profes 
sionally oriented, while those on occupa 
tional therapy, rehabilitation, and commu 
nity care are written for the non-profes 
sional. 

The book provides an overview of the 
nursing care of the mentally retarded in 
Britain, but neglects to" provide the essen 
tial details. The repetitious use of "reas 
surance," "adequate diet," "suitable films," 
and "suitable temperaments" leaves the 
reader void of increased knowledge be 
cause the author fails to explain what he 
means by "adequate" and "suitable" and 
does not describe the technique of reassur 
ance. Statistics are stated as facts and un- 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 



fortunately no reference sources are listed. 

The book centers around the British sys 
tem of institutional care, community fa 
cilities, and laws that relate to the care and 
training of the mentally retarded person. 
The terminology and classification of the 
patients according to intelligence quotient 
and performance is based on the British 
system. The author talks of the subnormal 
and the severely-subnormal individual with 
out giving adequate details of their abilities. 

The subject material is not well organiz 
ed. Emotional problems and education of 
the mentally retarded are discussed in 
chapters VII and VIII, followed by psycho 
logical development patterns of behavior 
and learning theory in chapters XVII, 
XVIII, and XX. 

The overall context of the book appears 
to be centered on programs and routines 
rather than patient-centered care. Syn 
dromes are listed and described briefly 
from the genetic viewpoint, but the clinical 
pictures are inadequate and the influence 
of the syndromes on the patients social, 
emotional, intellectual, and physical care is 
not described. Teaching self-care and inde 



pendence is emphasized and the author 
states : "This is a task that demands great 
skill on the part of the nursing staff." He 
fails to explain the skills and the specific 
techniques required. 

The value of this book, to nurses work 
ing with mentally retarded individuals in 
Canada, is questionable. 

Workbook For Gynecologic Nursing 

by Constance Lerch, R.N., B.S.(Ed.) and 
Joanne K. Wagner, R.N., B.S.(Nurs.). 121 
pages. Sain- Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. J. Burrows, Science 
Instructor, School of Nursing, St. Bon 
iface General Hospital, Tache Avenue, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

This workbook covers the topic of gyne 
cological disorders quite adequately, with 
emphasis on the most common problems. It 
incorporates the knowledge of anatomy and 
physiology necessary for a comprehensive 
study of the female reproductive system and 
its disorders. 

Psychological aspects of care are stressed 
where applicable and some of the common 
misconceptions about female physiology and 
emotional instability are applied to patient 
situations. These situations are realistic and 
the questions relating to them should en 
courage discussion within the student group. 
This will help the student to deal with such 



problems when she is faced with them in 
nursing practice. 

The reading list would help the student, 
both in answering questions and providing 
a source for further information on sub 
jects of particular interest to her. 

The book appears to be up-to-date; many 
newer treatments and drugs are brought 
into the situations. It could serve as a 
valuable aid to the student of gynecologic 
nursing. 

The Heart, Arteries and Veins by J. 

Willis Hurst, M.D., and R. Bruce Logue, 

M.D. 1255 pages. Toronto, McGraw-Hill, 

1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Arlene Aish, Assistant 

Professor, University of New Brunswick 

School of Nursing, Fredericton, New 

Brunswick. 

The field of cardiology is one in which 
knowledge is rapidly increasing. It is an 
extremely broad and complex area. The 
aim of this medical textbook is to cover 
the topic as completely as is possible within 
one volume. 

The editors, who consider themselves 
"basically teachers and clinicians," have 
contributed to many sections of the book 
themselves. They have enlisted the assistance 
of 65 contributing authors from medical 



Facts about Nursing in Canada 


1963 

(171) 

POST-BASIC 
(216) 

1964 BAS.C 
(154) 

POST-BASIC 
(255) 

1965 

(206) 

POST-BASIC 

(343) 

1966 
BASIC 
(220) 

POST-BASIC 

(442) 








s from 
i Programs 
sing 
1966 

Source : 
Research Unit, 
Canadian Nurses 
Association, 
1967 


Integrated 
(87) 


Non-Integrated 
(84) 




With Major 
(211) 


Graduate 


i 
ieneric 

(5) 




Baccalaureate 
in Nur 

1Q63- 


Integrated 
(81) 


Non-Integrated 
(73) 




With Major 
(242) 




T 
ieneric 
(13) 






Integrated 
(101) 


Non-Integrated 
(105) 


Generic 
(65) 


With Major 
(278) 








Integrated 
(125) 


Non-Integrated 
(95) 




Generic 
(90) 




With Major 
(352) 







50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



books 



t on our list? 



schools and health agencies across the 
United States. 

The articles cover a wide range of typical 
cardiovascular disorders and their medical 
and surgical treatment. Some topics that 
may be of particular interest are: genetics 
and the cardiovascular system; cardiovascu 
lar anatomy and function; cardiovascular 
disease, symptoms, and emotional stress; 
cardiac arrest and resuscitation; and medico- 
legal aspects of heart disease. 

The material is offered in an objective 
manner. It is clear, concise, and augmented 
by many interesting illustrations. 

Considerable effort has been made by 
the editors to provide a comprehensive and 
useful index, a factor of prime importance 
in a reference book of this scope. 

The book is aimed toward medical stu 
dents, practitioners and specialists. While 
nurses on a cardiac unit or in a school of 
nursing could find it a useful reference, 
possibly a more basic text would better 
serve this purpose. 

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance by Mar 
garet L. Dickens, R.N., M.S., 206 pages. 
Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss R. Roslyn Klaiman, 
Instructor, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute 
Nursing Course, Toronto, Ontario. 

This new programmed text on fluid and 
electrolyte balance is published in a small, 
soft-cover edition with clear, easy to read 
print. Although the title does not indicate 
a pediatric orientation, Miss Dickens makes 
this clear in the introduction. The text is 
designed to prepare student nurses to meet 
and cope with the problems of fluid and 
electrolyte balance in children. 

The text is presented in the form of an 
intrinsic or "scrambled" program paradigm 
with the content divided into five major 
sections: 1. water; 2. fluid equilibrium; 
3. body fluids and electrolytes; 4. acid- 
base balance; 5. special considerations of 
nursing problems encountered when caring 
for a child receiving parenteral fluid ther 
apy. Also included are work sheets for stu 
dents to use in checking their progress 
while working with the program. 

The first four sections deal extensively 
with their topic. Though examples are 
drawn from pediatric situations, transfer to 
the adult patient is easily made. The author 
stresses the important though difficult as 
pects of the physiology and biochemistry 
involved and makes use of lengthy ex 
planations and diagrams to aid the student s 
understanding of these. In the final section 
she presents specific problems relating to 
the nursing care of the child receiving par 
enteral fluid therapy. Included in this sec- 

OCTOBER 1967 




Put her on your list with a 

Christmas Gift Subscription 

to 

The Canadian Nurse 

The Canadian Nurse has an international 
reputation as a reliable source of informa 
tion and ideas for nurses in every branch 
of the profession. It makes an exciting gift 
for students, for classmates who have tem 
porarily retired, and for nursing friends 
overseas. 



A handsome gift card, handiigned with your name, will be sent announcing your gift. 
Orders must be received by November 30 to ensure arrival of cord in time for Christmas. 







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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



books 



tion are aspects of growth and development 
as well as the psychological implications in 
volved in caring for children undergoing 
traumatic procedures. The text appears to 
be designed mainly for the baccalaureate 
or post-basic student; however, section five 
seems to be directed to the diploma student. 
The general coverage of the subject mat 
ter in this text is vast and prepares the 



student for almost any situation she might 
encounter in this area. However, the au 
thor s presentation of the material in the 
form of a programmed text defeats the 
purpose of programming. Although she 
employs the scrambled paradigm through 
out, she generally limits the student to two 
possible answers for each question present 
ed. Thus, the student who makes an error 
is advised to reread the content in which 
the error was made, but can (and probably 
will) forgo this and simply choose the sec 
ond alternative. Moreover, the author uses 
the answers as a vehicle for presenting 





You won t see this in your hospital 



We re not trying to fool you. 

We re making a point! 

That dandruff is a serious medical 
problem and the only truly effective 
treatment is the medical one Selsun 
by Abbott. 

Selsun clears up annoying, unsight 
ly dandruff in two or three treatments, 
(thoroughly effective in 92% to 95% 
cases reported 1 ). 

You use it like any shampoo. Works 
fast. Comes in a handy unbreakable 
bottle. Leaves your hair glistening. 



Really, there s no room for dandruff 
in your professional or social life. Use 
Selsun and get to the root of the 
problem. 

Precautions: Occasional sensitization 
of the neck and external ear may 
occur. Falling hair which may accom 
pany scalp treatment is usually due to 
an impoverished or diseased condition 
of the hair and scalp. 

i Slinger, W. N., and Hubbard, D. M., Treat 
ment of Seborrheic Dermatitis with a Shampoo 
Containing Selenium DisuHide, Arch. Dermal. 
& Syph., 64:41, 1951. 

*Trodemork registered 



Selsun* 



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ABBOTT LABORATORIES LIMITED Halifax Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver 



new information, often assuming knowledge 
on the part of the student for which there 
is no evidence. She directs each student 
through identical sequences, thereby provid 
ing no scope for the student who either 
knows the material and could eliminate 
certain areas or who requires more explana 
tion than initially is offered. 

Of prime importance in reviewing a pro 
grammed text is the consideration of the 
author s description of the objectives, the 
expectation of the knowledge that the stu 
dent must bring to the text, plus a descrip 
tion of the type of student for whom the 
text was designed. Miss Dickens offers none 
of these. The depth of content in some 
areas seems to imply that a thorough know 
ledge of physiology and biochemistry is 
required, yet in other areas students are 
admonished for not seeking aid from dic 
tionaries or other texts to further their 
grasp of the material. In some areas con 
siderable depth of knowledge is required 
in response to questions, and in others the 
simplicity of the question appears incon 
gruous. 

The author also employs the unfortunate 
technique of chastising or punishing stu 
dents for incorrect responses by use of sar 
castic statements, such as "Whatever made 
you select this answer?" "Are you reading?" 
"Come on now!" Similarly, even when a 
student has selected the correct response, 
there occasionally seems to be the implica 
tion that this was not obtained on the first 
try by the use of statements such as "Now 
you are using your head." 

In this reviewer s opinion, all value of 
this text as an adjunct to a pediatric course 
bibliography is lost because of the pro 
gramming techniques employed. It has a 
use as a reference text for students wishing 
to avail themselves of the content despite 
the poor presentation; however, this would 
require careful guidance by the pediatric 
instructor. 



Medical Dictation and Transcription 

by Phyllis E. Davis and Nancy V. Her- 
shelman. 465 pages. John Wiley & Sons, 
Inc., New York, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Dianne J. Gordon, 
Chief Medical Record Librarian, Regina 
General Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan. 

Programmed instruction appears to be 
taking priority over detailed classroom in 
struction in some fields. This book is an 
example of the combination of text and 
workbook. It provides dictation and tran 
scription training for the medical secretary. 

It is assumed that the student is already 
efficient in taking dictation by Gregg short 
hand and has a vast knowledge of med 
ical terminology to be eligible for this 
specific aspect of programmed instruction. 

The dictation material is divided into 
eleven categories that follow closely the 
classic order of presentation of the anatom- 



52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



books 



ical systems. Again, it is assumed that the 
student is concurrently being instructed in 
anatomy. Model forms of letters, discharge 
summaries, case histories, and operative, x- 
ray, pathology, and consultation reports are 
outlined at the beginning so that the stu 
dent will have acceptable formats to follow 
when setting up the various transcription 
assignments. 

All examples used in the preparation of 
the text are factual and were contributed 
by hospitals, clinics, and specialists in the 
field. They are typical of the dictation a 
medical secretary would encounter on the 
job. 

Dictation assignments follow according 
to the anatomical systems. Each category 
presents a variety of procedures from which 
the most difficult medical terms have been 
extracted. These medical terms have been 
illustrated in Gregg shorthand and a prac 
tice line left for the student, which gives 
her some understanding of everything she 
writes in shorthand. Word counts are il 
lustrated at the end of each practice pro 
cedure to facilitate the student in correct 
timing at varying speeds. Naturally, the goal 
is speed and accuracy. 

The application of a program of this 
type is becoming out-dated. It is question 
able whether this text would benefit any 
student or prospective employer. One reason 
is that the use of facilities such, as tele 
phone dictation and individual dictation 
units has proven to be just as effective as 
having dictation taken in shorthand by a 
medical secretary and transcribed. 



Medical Care, Readings in the Sociol 
ogy of Medical Institutions by W. 

Richards Scott and Edmund H. Volkart; 
(with assistance of Lynda Lytle Holm- 
strom). 595 pages. New York, John Wiley 
& Sons, Inc., 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Moyra Allen, Associate 
Professor, School of Nursing, McGill 
University, Montreal. 

This book provides an intensive study 
of the social structure of medical insti 
tutions. The editors believe that the crisis 
in American medicine is concerned not with 
the quality of medical services, but with 
their organization and distribution. 

Many of the classic articles with which 
we have become familiar are brought to 
gether to identify some of the far-reaching 
changes in the organization of medical care 
and many of the problems contingent on 
these changes. Writings of such authors as 
Everett Hughes, Howard Becker, Oswald 
Hall, and many others have been edited to 
provide a focus upon medical problems that 

OCTOBER 1967 



exist in the larger sense as sociological 
problems. Recent developments in medicine 
have resulted in such problems as: frag 
mentation of care due to increased special 
ization; modifications in the nature of the 
doctor-patient relationship due to "third- 
party" medical insurance; the growth of 
group practice that converts the physician 
from an independent "entrepreneur" to a 
salaried "bureaucrat," among others. 

The arrangement of papers in this col 
lection is such that discussions of the two 
basic medical roles healer and patient 
are followed by chapters dealing with 



various aspects of the therapeutic relation 
ship. 

The editors make use of such concepts 
as norms, values, and practices in their 
analysis of institutional behavior both at 
the level of the individual role and at 
the level of the larger role system. The 
four parts of the book and their subsec 
tions each contain an introduction in which 
the particular theme is developed as part 
of the overall structure of the book. The 
volume concludes with a series of papers 
on hospitals and clinics and their relation 
ship to the larger society. Each subsection 



ONE-STEP PREP 





with 

FLEET ENEMA 

single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA S fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 /2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
diaphragm prevents leakage and reverse flow, as well 
as ensuring a comfortable rate of administration. 

Each 100 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

Sodium biphosphate 16 gm. 

Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

For our brochure: "The Enema: Indications and Techniques", 
containing full information, write to: Professional Service 
Department, Charles E. Frosst & Co., P.O. Box 247, 
Montreal 3, P.O. 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



POSEY PRODUCTS 





POSEY WAIST RESTRAINT 

Offers a comfortable and inexpensive means 
of keeping patient in wheel chair or bed. 
Made of heavy washable flannel reinforced 
with canvas. Nyfon No. NWR-1, $5.55 each. 




POSEY HEEL PROTECTOR 

(Patent Pending) 

Serves to protect the heel of the foot and 
prevents irritation from rubbing. Constructed 
of slick, pliable plastic, lined with artificial 
lamb s wool. Can be washed or autoclaved. 
No. HP-63ALW. M $3.90 ea. $7.80 pr. 
Without plastic shield $5.25. 




THE POSEY "V" RESTRAINT 

A good all-purpose restraint to prevent pa 
tients from falling or getting out of bed. 
Particularly good for use on females as it 
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books 



is followed by an annotated bibliography 
organized according to the various topics 
in the particular subsection. 

This work is rich in ideas that enable the 
reader to perceive the implications for all 
persons who work in, or are a part of, a 
medical institution. More particularly, it 
reveals the institutional forces that operate 
on nurses, nursing practice, the preparation 
of nurses, and on the profession as a whole. 
The contents help the reader to assess the 
character of nursing goals, their value, and 
their practicality in the modern world of 
medical care. 

Undoubtedly, the concern with the Amer 
ican scene detracts from the value of this 
book in the Canadian setting. However, the 
historical and cross-cultural approaches per 
mit the reader to view problems in the 
perspective of time and number of situa 
tions. The articles selected by the editors 
indicate the variation in the influences, 
forces, and stresses operating within the 
medical institution, yet highlight recurring 
patterns at the individual, group, and com 
munity levels. 

It is unfortunate that the editors, who 
have both been associated with the program 
in medicine in the behavioral sciences at 
Stanford University, have changed their 
professional commitments, making publica 
tion of subsequent volumes in this origin 
ally envisioned series, improbable. 



films 



Mental Health 

FuH Circle, a USA mental health film 
produced in 1964, is now available in Can 
ada through the Canadian Film Institute, 
1762 Carling Ave., Ottawa 13. The 26- 
minute, black-and-white film would be a 
valuable aid in nursing education, and 
would also be useful for public education 
and recruitment programs. 

The film should be booked well ahead; 
a small fee is charged for rental. 

Full Circle illustrates the importance of 
work as a therapeutic tool in the adjust 
ment of the mentally ill. The film tells 
the story of a young woman patient, Ka 
ren, and covers all aspects of her hospital 
treatment, but with special attention to a 
work adjustment group as an effective tech 
nique in her treatment. A vocational re 
habilitation counselor, working as a mem 
ber of the hospital team, holds group ses 
sions where patients can air their feelings 
about going back to work. 

As Karen improves, she is discharged 
rom hospital and returns to her job. How- 



Tubegauz 

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50% over ordinary methods- 
Hospitals, schools and clinics can 
save time and money with the Tube 
gauz Method. Ten sizes of applicators 
simplify bandaging fingers, toes, 
hands, feet, legs, arms, head and 
body. Because Tubegauz is double- 
bleached highest quality cotton yarn, 
it can be washed, sterilized in an 
autoclave used many times. 

TIME STUDIES PROVE TUBEGAUZ SAVINGS 




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Material Used 151 Inches 24 Inches 

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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Write for 32-page illus 
trated booklet, "New Techniques of 
Bandaging with Tubegauz." 

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OCTOBER 1967 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

homosexuality among women 



eight-page color supplement 
on official opening of CNA 
House 



impact of prepared childbirth 
on nursing 



Photo credits 



Royal Victoria Hospital, 
p. 34, 37, 39, 42, 43 

United Nation s Children s Fund, 
p.8 

Victoria Hospital, London, 
Ontario, p. 27 

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto, p. 47 



ever, she continues to attend the work 
adjustment discussion sessions. 

The film stresses the need for compre 
hensive community health services, and 
shows how a mentally ill person can be 
successfully and quickly helped when she 
can be cared for in her own community 
rather than in the traditional mental setting. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated 
by R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
57) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Annual meeting, reports, 1967. St. 
Johns, Association of Registered Nurses of 
Newfoundland. Iv. 

2. Annual reports, 1967. Regina, Saskat 
chewan Registered Nurses Association. 48p. 

3. An atlas of nursing techniques by 
Norma Greenler Dison. St. Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 258p. 

4. Biennial reports to the membership 
1965-66. New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1967, 87p. 

5. Education and libraries selected papers 
by Louis Round Wilson. Edited, with a 
biographical sketch and commentary by 
Maurice F. Tauber and Jerrold Orne. Ham- 
den, Conn., Shoestring Press, c!966. 344p. 

6. Folio of reports, 1967. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses. 
55p. 

7. Folio of reports 1967. Fredericton, 
Registered Nurses Association of New 
Brunswick. Iv. 

8. Folio of reports, 1967. Halifax, Regis 
tered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia. 
55p. 

9. Hospital industrial engineering, a guide 
to the improvement of hospital manage 
ment systems by Harold E. Smalley and 
John R. Freeman. New York, Reinhold, 
c!966. 460p. 

11. Inter-University Faculty Work Con 
ference, Third, Cape Cod, Mass., June 20- 
24, 1966 Proceedings, prepared by Winifred 
H. Griffin. Winchester, Mass., New Eng 
land Board of Higher Education, 1966. 
70p. 

12. The McPherson experiment; expand 
ing community hospital services by John R. 
Griffith, Lewis E. Weeks and James H. 
Sullivan. Ann Arbor, Bureau of Hospital 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 



Administration, Univ. of Michigan, 1967. 
337p. 

13. Man and his family by Wilder Pen- 
field. Foreword by Georges P. Vanier. Tor 
onto, McCelland and Stewart, c!967. 93p. 

14. Manuel alphabetique de psychiatric 
clinique el therapeutique par Antoine Po- 
rot. 3. ed. Paris, Presses Universitaires de 
France, 1965. 583p. 

15. Marriage and nursing; a survey of 
registered and enrolled nurses by Gertrude 
A. Ramsden and Muriel H. Skeet. London, 
Dan Mason Nursing Research Committee, 
1967. 112p. 

16. One hundred years of medicine in 
Canada by H. E. MacDermot, Toronto, 
McCelland and Stewart, c!967. 224p. 

17. Ontario school and university enrol 
ment projections to 1981-82 by Cicely Wat 
son and Saeed Quazi. Toronto, Ontario In 
stitute for Studies in Education, 1966. 68p. 

18. Pediairic nursing by Helen C. Latham 
and Robert C. Heckel with the collabora 
tion of Margaret C. Moore. St. Louis, Mos- 
by, 1967. 516p. 

19. Personal and community health by 



C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis, Mosby, 
1967. 448p. 

20. Personal and community health test 
manual by C.E. Turner. 13th ed. St. Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 94p. 

21. A proposed plan for the orderly de 
velopment of nursing education in British 
Columbia. Pt. one, basic nursing education. 
Vancouver, Registered Nurses Association 
of British Columbia, 1967. 38p. 

22. Prospects of the world food supply. 
Proceedings of a symposium. Washington, 
National Academy of Sciences, 1966. 84p. 

23. Quiet evolution a study of the educa 
tional system of Ontario by Robin S. Har 
ris. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 
c!967. 168p. 

24. The shifting scene, foundations for 
strength. Papers presented at 22nd Confer 
ence of the Council Member Agencies of 
the Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher 
Degree Programs, Seattle Nov. 16-18, 1966. 
New York, National League for Nursing, 
Dept. of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree 
Programs, 1967. 42p. 

25. Statewide planning for nursing edu 
cation by Lucile Petry Leone. Atlanta, Ga., 
Southern Regional Education Board, 1967. 
42p. 

26. Structure of the human body by 
Weston D. Gardner and William A. Os- 
burn. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1967. 417p. 




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27. Technical, office and commercial 
contract summary report. Ottawa, Canadian 
Labour Congress, 1967. 3v. 

28. Textbook of anatomy and physiology 
by Catherine Parker Anthony. 7th ed. St. 
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 585p. 

29. Textbook of public health nursing by 
Ethel L. Kallins. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967 
480p. 

30. Workbook for gynecologic nursing by 
Constance Lerch. St. Louis, Mosby, 1967. 
121p. 

PAMPHLETS 

31. Appropriate functions of the licensed 
practical nurse in nursing service. Albany, 
N.Y., New York State Nurses Association, 
1967. lip. 

32. Biology of fertility control by perio 
dic abstinence. Geneva, World Health Or 
ganization, 1967. 20p. (Its Technical Report 
series no. 360). 

33. Bylaws of National League for Nurs 
ing as amended May 1967. New York, Na 
tional League for Nursing, 1967. 27p. 

34. The Canadian Nurses Association; 
what it is; what it does. Ottawa, Canadian 
Nurses Association, 1967. 7p. 

35. Change, collaboration, community in- 
volment; a synthesis of views on nursing. 
New York, National League for Nursing. 
Committee on Perspectives, 1967. 12p. 

36. Practical problems of using telemetry 
in intensive care wards by G. Douglas Tal- 
bott. Washington, National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, 1965. 5-1 Op. 

37. Professional examination service. 
New York, American Public Health Asso 
ciation, 1967. 26p. 

38. Report of joint committee of 
RNABC/BCIT on nursing education. Van 
couver, Registered Nurses Association of 
British Columbia, 1966. 18p. 

39. Self help Parkinson s disease by Do 
rothy Dent. Ottawa, 1967. 32p. 

40. Statements on the recommendations 
of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nursing Edu 
cation province of Saskatchewan. Regina, 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion, 1965? lOp. 

41. Statements on the recommendations 
of the report of the Minister of Health s 
Committee on the Supply of Nurses. Win 
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, 1967. 26p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

42. Bureau of Statistics. Census of Ca 
nada, 1966. Population counties and subdi 
visions. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 4v. 
(D.B.S. Cat. no. 92-603-606) 

43. Bureau of Statistics. Salaries and qual 
ifications of teachers in universities and 
colleges 1966-67. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1967. 17p. (D.B.S. Cat. no. 81-203) 

44. Bureau of Statistics. Survey of voca 
tional education and training 1963-64. Ot 
tawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 84p. (D.B.S. 
Cat. no. 81-209) 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



accession list 



45. Bureau of Statistics. Vital statistics 
1965. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 213p. 
(D.B.S. Cat. no. 84-202) 

46. Dept. of Labour. Labour-manage 
ment. Joint consultation at work; hospitals, 
service industries, commercial enterprises. 
Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 15p. 

47. Dept. of National Health and Wel 
fare. Film library catalogue. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1967. 185p. 

48. Lois, statues etc. Codification des ac- 
tes de I Amerique du Nord Britannique 
(1867 a 1965) prepare par Elmer A. Dried- 
ger. Ottawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1967. 
50p. 

49. Parliament. Special Joint Committee 
of the Senate and House of Commons on 
Divorce. Report. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1967. 99p. 

50. Royal Commission on Health Ser 
vices. Pharmacist manpower in Canada by 
Thomas M. Ross. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1967. 136p. 

51. Science Council. Report, 1966/67. 
38p. 

New Brunswick 

52. Royal Commission on Employer-Em 



ployee Relations in the Public Services of 
New Brunswick. Report by Saul J. Frankel. 
Fredericton, 1967. 102p. 
Ontario. 

53. Dept. of Health Environmental 
Health Branch. Occupational health nursing 
in Ontario; a report on results from a 
questionnaire prepared by M.I. Hardy. Tor 
onto, 1967. 88p. 

Quebec 

54. Commission d Enquete sur la Sante 
et le Bien-etre social. Rapport, volume 2, 
les medecins internes et residents. Quebec 
(ville), Gouvernement du Quebec, 1967. 
79p. 

United States 

55. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Binocular vi 
sual acuity of adults by region and selected 
demographic characteristics, United States 
1960-62. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 
Off., 1967. 39p. 

56. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Refresher pro 
grams for inactive professional nurses; a 
guide for development courses of study 
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1967. 
50p. 

57. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Toward im 
proved learning a collection of significant 
reprints for the medical educator. Compiled 
by the Public Health Service Audiovisual 



Facility. Atlanta, 1967. 41 7p. 

58. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service, Division of 
Nursing. How to determine nursing expen 
ditures in small health agencies, a proce 
dure using work units by Marion Ferguson. 
Rev. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 
1966. 54p. 

59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Welfare Administration. Information 
services in public welfare agencies by Ber- 
nadette W. Hoyle. Washington, U.S. Govt. 
Print. Off., 1967. 39p. 

60. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare Administration. Open every door. The 
goal for nursing homes and title VI of the 
Civil Rights Act of 1964. Washington, U.S. 
Govt. Print. Off., 1967. 14p. 

STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION 

61. The contribution of nursing personnel 
in an interdisciplinary approach to the care 
of the aged in a particular institution by 
Mary Oressa Hubbert. London, 1964. 176p. 
Thesis (M.Sc.N) University of Western On 
tario. R 

62. A study to explore the effect of a 
planned, pre-operative nursing visit, with 
post-operative reinforcement, on the amount 
of analgesic used post-operalively by chol- 
ecystectomy patients by Elsie Ruth Yvans 
Dyche. Washington, 1966. 138p. Thesis (M. 
N.) Washington University. R rj 




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Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 

Borrower 

Registration No 

Position 



Address 

Date of request 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Registered Nurses required for a 51-bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos 
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberta. 

Bossano General Hospital requires Nurses for General 
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching 
area of southern Alberta. Town on Number 1 trans- 
Canada Highway mid-way between the cities of 
Calgary and Medicine Hat. Nurses on staff must be 
willing and able to take responsibility in all depart 
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating 
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen 
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to: 
Mrs. M. Hislop, Administrator and Director of Nurs 
ing, Bassano General Hospital, Bassano, Alberta. 

General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

1-13-1B 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to- 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 




GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberto. 1-14-3 A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler. Alberta. 1-31-2A 



General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary, Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1A 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al 
berta. 1-61-1 



General Duty Nursing positions are available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 $380 to $450. per mo. 
1968 $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 



General Duty Nurses required by 150-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 $405 to $485. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 

General Duty Nurse for modern 50-bed active hospital 
in Central Alberta, on highway #2a. Salary $380 - 
$450, 40 hour week, Pension plan, Blue Cross & 
M.S.I, available. Full maintenance $45.00. Full re 
cognition of past service upon proof. Apply to Ad 
ministrator, Ponoka General Hospital, Box 699 Pono- 
ka, Alberta. 



Public Health Nurse required by the Athabasca 
Health Unit sub-office at Lac La Biche, Alberta. 
P.H.N. preferred, R.N. considered. Salary in accord 
ance with experience and qualifications. For further 
information apply Medical Officer of Health, Atha 
basca Health Unit, Box 1140, Athabasca, Alberta. 



Nurses required for a 50-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL 
in town of 4000. Salay range $380 - $450. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright- 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberta. 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia 

2-76-4A 



Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimat, British Columbia. 2-36-1 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121- 
bed active General Hospital situated in the Okana- 
gan Valley. Advanced preparation preferred. Basic 
1967 salary $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap 
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic- 
ton, British Columbia. 

REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL 
NURSES For modern 70-bed accredited hospital 
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area Home of 
the tyee salmon. Four hours travelling time to City 
of Vancouver, RNABC policies and Union Contract 
in effect. Residence accommodation available. Direct 
enquiries to: Director of Nursing Services, Camp 
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell 
River, British Columbia. 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31 -bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses residence available. 
Apply in writing to : Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 



w runes Trorn reace Kiver uam rroiect. Apply 
Director of Nursing, Providence Hospital, Fort St 




GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Must be able to gain B.C. 
Registration within three months. Fully Accredited 
Hospital. Rogers Pass Area Trans Canada Highway. 
Comfortable Nurses Home. RNABC Agreement in 
effect. Apply: Golden & District General Hospital, 
P.O. Box 1260, Golden, British Columbia. 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

2-27-2 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable, modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
55) -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour 
5 day week, Vacation with pay Comfortable, at 
tractive nurses residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 

General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 

GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 164-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un- 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 




COME... Where the ACTION Is! 

Come to exciting Albany Medical Center, the fastest growing 
teaching hospital in upstate New York. Our benefits and job 
opportunities for nurses are the best ever. And there s lots 
to do when you re off duty, including thrilling horse racing 
at Saratoga . . . your choice of the best ski slopes in the 
northeast . . . concerts by the Philadelphia and Boston 
Symphony Orchestras, which make their summer homes in the 
vicinity ... and the countless attractions of nearby New York 
City. For details on what we have to offer you, send for our 
free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 

OCTOBER 1967 



Action at Saratoga Raceway 



Mrs. Helen F. Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CAN 



CITY. 



.STATE ZIP 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



MANITOBA 



limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 1 2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co 
lumbia. 



General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 



Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 



General Duty, O.K. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 1 50-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Chilliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia. 2-13-1 



General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurjes for 434-bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative lick 
leave; pension plan; 28-day s annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, Bri 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 



GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 



Graduate Nurses for busy 21 -bed hospital, prefer 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non- 
Registerea Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply: Matron, Tofino General Hos 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 

2-71-1 



PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: B.C. Civil Service. Salary: 
$476-$580 per month, car provided. Interesting and 
challenging professional service with opportunities for 
transfer throughout beautiful B.C. Apply to: B.C. 
Civil Service Commission, 544 Michigan Street, 
VICTORIA, B.C. 
COMPETITION No. 67:57. 2-76-7 



MANITOBA 



Director of Nursing wanted for 20- bed hospital in 
Southwestern Manitoba. Living-in accommodation 
available in Residence. Personnel Policies include a 
wide range of fringe benefits. Salary negotiable on 
basis of past experience and qualifications. Please 
direct enquiries to Mr. J. G. Donald, Administrator, 
Reston Community Hospital, Reston, Manitoba. 



General Duty Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital. 
Salary $395 to $455. Four annual increments of 
$15. Forty hour week equivalent. For particulars 
and personnel policies contact Director of Nurses, 
Sour is District Hospital, Sour is, Manitoba. 



REGISTERED NURSES REQUIRED. Applications are in- 
vited for positions in our 77-bed Acute Hospital 
located in the progressive town of Selkirk. Appli 
cants with the three year diploma course are pre 
ferred. Head Nurse experience will be considered. 
Residence accommodation is available. The town has 
excellent accommodation for married staff. Salary 
will depend on qualifications and experience. Per 
sonnel policies, fringe benefits, etc., are excellent. 
Please apply to Mrs. Freida Stevens, Director of 
Nursing, Selkirk General Hospital, 161 Idell Ave., 
Selkirk, Manitoba. 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 



REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 



Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



General Duty Nurses: 16-bed hospital located Cape 
Breton National Park: Accommodations available: 
Apply to Matron, Buchanan Memorial Hospital, 
Neil s Harbour, Nova Scotia. 



ONTARIO 



Director of Nursing Services. Simcoe County Health 
Unit. Applicants for this position will hold a degree 
in nursing and will have at least five years ex- 
peirence in administration. For further information 
apply in writing to: Dr. P. A. Scott, Director, Simcoe 
County Health Unit, Court House, Barrie, Ont. 



Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81 -bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
Goderich, Ontario, 7-51-1 



Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
OPERATING ROOM NURSE with some formal pre 
paration and/or adequate experience. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, The Lady Dunn General Hos 
pital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

(immediately) for 32-bed hospital in northwestern 
Ontario. Please apply to: Director of Nursing, Ati- 
kokan General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 7-5-1 



OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wanted for 50-bed hospital. State ex 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 



ONTARIO 



REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 



Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1 A 

Registered Nurse for Nursing Home. Refresher course 
unnecessary. Five-day week, no weekends. Good 
opportunity. For particulars write Box 920, Picton, 
Ontario. 

Nursing Positions for REGISTERED NURSES; for 

325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital 
centrally located in the city; for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On 
tario. 

REGISTERED NURSES ore required for a 105-bed 
hospital in South Western Ontario. Salary per RNAO 
schedule, pension plan, good personnel policies and 
fringe benefits. Apply to: Mrs. M.I. Grant, R.N., 
Director of Nurses, County of Bruce General Hos 
pital, Walkerton, Ontario. 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistant* 
for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1A 




Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N.A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. s salary: $420 to 
$465/m. ( 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at 100%. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed 

active treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3 
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply Administratrix, 
Bingham Memorial Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

NORTHERN ONTARIO PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

ANNOUNCES VACANCIES FOR 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

SALARY: $5,750 -- $6,600 
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968 -- $6,000 -- $6,900 

Nurses are required in Northern Ontario to assess health problems and to organize corrective pro 
grams. Typical duties include maintaining a school health service, carrying out a home visiting program, 
organizing and participating in a community immunization program, performing emergency nursing ser 
vices, and advising health and welfare agencies and service groups regarding public health matters. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Registration as a nurse in Ontario and a recognized certificate in public health nursing. Two years 
acceptable experience in public health nursing or a related field. Personal suitability. Ownership of an 
automobile. 

Fringe benefits include generous retirement plan, health and life insurance, paid annual vaca 
tions, annual merit increases, and sick leave credits. 




Qualified persons are invited to submit their applications to: 

ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 

ROOM 5424, WHITNEY BLOCK 

PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



REGISTERED 
NURSES 

Required by 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH 

Wascana Hospital, 
Regina, Sask. 

COMPETITION NUMBER: 

c/c 956 

SALARY RANGE: 

$387-$482. Usual Civil Service 
Benefits. 

DUTIES: 

For general duty nursing in this 
300-bed hospital specializing in 
programs for chronic diseases 
and physical medicine. 
For application forms: Apply to 
the Public Service Commission, 
Room 328, Legislative Bldg., 
Regina, Sask. 

For further information, apply: 
Administrator 

WASCANA HOSPITAL 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion, 40 hour week. 

Apply giving full particulars to: 
Personnel Director 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Sault Ste. Marie 
Ontario 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for 100-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
I tv ing- in accommodotion. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 

Registered or Graduate Nurses, required for modern 
92-bed hospital. Residence accommodation $20 month 
ly. Overseas nurses welcome. Lovely old Scottish 
Town near Ottawa. Apply: Director of Nursing, The 
Great War Memorial Hospital, Perth, Ontario. 7-100-2 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28 -bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430, Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per- 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

Registered General Duty Nurses required for 81 -bed 
hospital. Salary range $400- $445 per month accord 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Coder ich, 
Ontario. 7-51-1 A 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel policies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 
Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7- 127-4 A 

General Duty Nurses for 66- bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Duty Nurses, Certified Nursing Assistants & 
Operating Room Technician (T) for new 50-bed hos 
pital with modern equipment, 40-hr, wk., 8 statutory 
holidays, excellent personnel policies & opportunity 
for advancement. Tourist town on Georgian Bay. 
Good bus connections to Toronto. Apply to: Director 
of Nurses, General Hospital, Meaford, Ontario. 7-79-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) For a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES for generalized programme 
beginning September, 1967. Salary range $5,000 to 
$6,000. Personnel policies include car expense, Omers 
and Canada pension plans, group life insurance, 
50 % of P.S.I, and hospital insurance, cumulative 
sick leave plan and liberal vacation. Vacancies 
are available in the City of Belleville. Apply to 
Dr. C.R. Lenk, Director, Medical Officer of Health, 
Hastings & Prince Edward Counties Health Unit, 266 
Pinnacle Street, Belleville, Ontario. 



Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 



Public Health Nurses General Program. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month s Vacation. Employer shored 
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap 
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 Seventh Street, Chatham, Ontario. 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital ization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to : Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 



Public Health Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit, Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension plan, P.S.I, and hospital ization. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 



Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 



UNITED STATES 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29- J 



REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.Q. 



OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 
invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vacation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply. Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS: Regina General Hospital 
School of Nursing, has opportunities, available in 
a two-year program. Salary Range $529 $676 
with University Diploma. Apply to: Director of Nurs 
ing Education, Regina General Hospital, Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 



Registered Nurses wanted for 78-bed General Hos 
pital. Starting salaries at $525 per month with 
regular increments and shift differential. Good per 
sonnel policies. Social activities include skiing and 
boating. Must be eligible for Alaska registration. 
Apply to: The Director of Nursing Service, St. Ann s 
Hospital, 419 -6th Street, Juneau, Alaska 99801. 

15-2-3 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING A position offering 
challenge and opportunity for growth in a modern 
70-bed hospital in La Mesa, Calif., 10 miles out of 
San Diego. Administrative experience required, 
bachelor s degree preferred. Starting salary com 
mensurate with qualifications and experience. Liberal 
fringe benefits. Apply Director of Nursing, Kaiser 
Foundation Hospitals, 4867 Sunset Blvd., Los An 
geles, California. 



REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range from $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California, 15-5-58A 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
genera! hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 El Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor 
nia 94010. 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now! Staff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $454. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel policies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-J2 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES : Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 941 15. An equal opportunity 
employer. 1 5-5-4C 



62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



SUPERVISOR 

and 

GENERAL DUTY REGISTERED 
NURSES 

Required by 

DOUGLAS HOSPITAL 
(Children s Services) 

Experience in pediatrics and child psy 
chiatry would be an advantage. 

Further information of these challenging 
positions can be obtained from: 

The Director of Nursing 

Children s Services 

DOUGLAS HOSPITAL 

6875 Lasalle Blvd. 

Verdun, Quebec 



INSTRUCTOR 



JEFFERY KALE S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

1250 ST-FOY ROAD 

QUEBEC 6, P.O. 



NORQUAY-CANORA 
UNION HOSPITAL 

invites applications for two 
GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS 

This is a 15-bed fully modern hospital 
located in the beautiful parkland area 
of Saskatchewan. Salary commences at 
$365.00 per month with adjustment for 
experience and extra training. Living 
accommodations in residence at $20.00 
per month. Transportation costs will be 
advanced. 

For further policies write to: 

Mrs. J. M. Keast 

Director of Nursing Services 

Canora Union Hospital 

Canora, Sask. 




One Gift Works Many Wonders 

THE UNITED WAY 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSiS General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 V4 hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 

Canadian School Registered Nurse Groduatet 
Come to California: Join your friends at Sutler 
Hospitals in Sacramento. Excellent pay, working 
conditions and benefits. The good life in the best of 
California. Staff P.M. shift $640. Ngts. $630, P.M. 
Surgery $680. Write: Personnel Dept., 2820 L St., 
Sacramento 95816. 



ATTENTION GENERAL DUTY NURSES. 297-bed fully 
accredited County Hospital located 2 hrs. drive from 
San Francisco, ocean beaches, and mountain resorts 
in modern and progressive city of 40,000. 40 hr. 
5 day wk., pd. vacation, pd. holidays, pd. sick 
leave, retirement plan, social security and insur 
ance plan. Meals at reasonable rates, uniforms 
laundered without charge. Start $530 to $556 mo. 
depending on experience plus shift and service 
differentials. Merit increases to $644 mo. Must 
be eligible for Calif. Registration. Write Director 
of Nursing, Stanislaus County Hospital, 830 Scenic 
Drive, Modesto, California 95350. 



Staff Doty positions (Nurts) in private 403-bec 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17 
California. 15-5-31 



Nurs.s for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 



GENERAL DUTY AND LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES: 

115-bed JCAH hospital on shores of Lake Okeecho- 
bee. Liberal personnel policies; starting salary for 
RN s. $525 (for LPN s $375) with 10% differential 
for each group evenings and nights. Free meals; 
nurses residence available. Apply : Director of 
Nurses, Glades General Hospital, Belle Glade, Flo 
rida 33430. 15- 10-3 A 



Medical Technologist for small accredited hospital 
in charming, historic town. Free room and board 
with liberal personnel policies. Excellent working 
conditions without pressure. Enquire, Administrator 
Nantucket Hospital, Nontucket, Massacusetts, Tele 
phone 617228-1200. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact; 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 1 1-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



Registered Nurses, modern 280-bed teaching hospital 
University City. 45 mins. from NYC & Phil. Positions 
available in Med. - Surg. Units, Intensive Care, 
Obstetrics - New Born Nsy. Hospital fully accredited 
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca 
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Department, Mid 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey 0*901. 



SEATTLE General Duty Nurses. Salary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New graduates $525 to start. $35 
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent 
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital 
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital lo 
cated adjacent to Northwest s largest private clinic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director, Virginia Mason Hospital, 11 U Terry Ave 
nue, Seattle, Washington 98101. 




NIGHT NURSE 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 

on art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. William Eaton, Personnel Administrator, Box B, 

A6001, University Hospital, University of Michigan for 

more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
for 

REGISTERED NURSES 



with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 

Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario 

Inservice educational program 
me developed and 
expanding 

Residence accommodation avail 
able at a very mod 
erate rate 

Transportation advanced, if re 
quested 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ont. 



OSHAWA 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 
Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 

Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




"We invite you to join our professional staff and to gain unparalled experiences in 
nursing." 

for additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS. 

CITY.- STATE: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 

to p ALO ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 

300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO 

Will require 

TEACHERS - IMMEDIATELY 

For the approved two year cur 
riculum with a third year of ex 
perience in nursing service. (50 
students enrolled annually) 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration in Nursing Education or 
Public Health. 

Salary: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 
The Director, School of Nursing, 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario. 



THE OR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 



CHILD 



HEALTH CENTRE 

St. John s, Newfoundland 
Invites applications from 

GRADUATE NURSES 

Interested in the nursing of sick 
children. Wouldn t you like to 
come to the Province of New 
foundland to a new hospital 
providing varied paediatric ex 
perience and a challenge to all 
nurses who are interested and 
enthusiastic? A salary increase 
has just been granted and an 
other increase is to follow early 
next year. 

Further details can be obtained 
from: 

The Director of Nursing 

THE DR. CHARLES A. JANEWAY 
CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 

P.O. Box 5578 
ST. JOHN S, NEWFOUNDLAND 



AJAXAND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s "and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system ; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 




CLEVELAND 



Where the Mt. Sinai nurse 
has some of the most chal 
lenging job opportunities, 
receives a beginning sal 
ary of $550 a month, and 
works in University Circle, 
the city s educational cen 
ter. For more information, 
write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CO. 

THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 

UNIVERSITY CIRCLE CLEVELAND. OHIO 44106 




ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

In June 1967 the opening of the new addition to the 1960 wing completed 
our 250-bed modern hospital. Applications are invited for the following Services: 
Surgical, Medical, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, and Intensive Care. 



HEAD NURSES for 
3 NURSING UNITS 

HEAD NURSE for O. R. 

B.Sc.N. with experience 
preferred 

Salary Commensurate with 
quali ications and 
experience 




REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

ORDERLIES 

Planned Orientation 
Continuing Inservice 
Education 



Excellent Personnel Policies 



Opportunity to continue education at Lakehead University 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada. 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser 
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

Scarborough General Hospital 

Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 



MEDICAL CENTER HOSPITAL OF VERMONT* 

Mary Fletcher Unit 




Our patients come in all sizes. 

Only your career opportunities 

here are uniformly big. 



Personnel Office, Dept. 410 

Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont. 

Name 

Address 

Zip 



^Combining Mary Fletcher Hospital and DeGoesbriand Memorial Hospital 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop 
ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



PROGRAM SUPERVISOR 

Required by 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, S.I.A.A.S. 

SASKATOON, SASK. 

COMPETITION NUMBER: c/c 931. 

This is a new two year school-based educational programme pre 
paring students to qualify as Registered Nurses. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Registered Nurse holding a Masters Degree or equivalent with ex 
perience in administration of schools of nursing. 

SALARY RANGE: 

$741-$944 B. Sc. N. 
$777-$991 M. Sc. N. 

BENEFITS: 

3 week annual vacation, sick leave, pension plan; group life in 
surance. 

For further information and application forms apply: 

THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF SASKATCHEWAN 

Room 328, Legislative Building, Regina, Sask. 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 




CANADA S INDIANS AND ESKIMOS 
NEED YOUR HELP 

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 

REGISTERED HOSPITAL NURSES 

CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

HAVE YOU CONSIDERED 

A CAREER 

WITH 

MEDICAL SERVICES 

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information, write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 
OTTAWA, CANADA 



NURSES 



EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 




Victoria Hospital London, Ontario 



OPPORTUNITIES 



Unlimited challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach 
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes: 

MEDICINE SURGERY 

OBSTETRICS PAEDIATRICS 

OPERATING ROOM RECOVERY ROOM 

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT CORONARY CARE UNIT 

DIALYSIS UNIT PSYCHIATRY 



BENEFITS 



Top salaries and personnel policies 

40-hour work week 

28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 

21 days vacation, general duty staff 

18 days sick leave 

FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London Ontario 




TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 

WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 

CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 

For Details Write To: 

AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 

U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 

BOX 7-741 
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



THIS 

15-SECOND 

COULD 

CHANGE 

YOUR 

FUTURE 



Are you dissatisfied with your position? 

Would you like a change? 

Would you like to meet new people? 

Would you like to increase your nurs 
ing skills? 

vrCT * Would you like to work where 
P\ | there is an active research pro 

gram? 

Are you adaptable? 

Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 

Do you crave more cultural advan 
tages? 

Is your life a little boring right now? 

Do you sense excitement in a change? 

If your answer is YES you will like work 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital. 
Apply in writing to: 



Mist B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N , M.A., 

Assistant Director, 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, 

1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Ont 



GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 



Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo 
General Hospital (16 beds) and St. Mary s Hospital 
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory. 

Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence 
rates $50.00 per month full room and board. 

Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or 
intermediate points. 



Application forms and personnel policies in 
effect may be obtained from: 

The Commissioner 

GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 

P.O. Box 2703 
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory 



THREE REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for general duty at Company Hospital in 
Temiscaming, Quebec. 

Salary Range $390 to $442 gross per month, peri 
odic salary increases based on merit and service, 
single room accommodation available in nurses 
residence, plus meals at total cost of $30 per month. 
Four weeks annual paid vacation, 5 day, 40 hour 
week. Attractive tourist area. Variety of summer and 
winter recreation activities: golf, tennis, swimming, 
curling, and skiing. Bus and rail transportation to all 
major points. 



Apply in writing to: 
Mrs. C. Alp, Matron, 

TEMISCAMING HOSPITAL 

Temiscaming, Que. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 438-bed, fully accredited hospital. Ad 
ditional 295-bed expansion program now in pro 
gress. Positions available in all departments. 

Salary range for Registered Nurses: $400 to $475 
per month. Starting rate will be commensurate with 
experience. 

Salary range for Registered Nursing Assistants: $270 
to $300 per month. 

Excellent fringe benefit program and personnel 
policies. 

Apply to: 
The Director of Nursing 

KITCHENER-WATERLOO HOSPITAL 

Kitchener, Ontario 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

Announces Vacancies for 

REGIONAL CONSULTANTS - PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 

SALARY: $8,200 - $9,500 (Effective JANUARY 1, 1968 $8,600 - $10,000) 

DUTIES: 

To provide consultative services to local health agencies in designated areas of Onta 
rio as a member of the staff of the Regional Medical Officer of Health. Provides 
guidance and advice on current nursing practices to public health nurses in official 
health agencies. Receives professional guidance from Senior Consultant in Public 
Health nursing. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Registration as a nurse in Ontario; preparation in public health nursing and in su 
pervision and administration; Baccalaureate degree; at least 5 years experience 
since registration including 2 years in administrative or supervisory capacity. Ability 
to provide professional nursing advice and guidance on a consultative basis. 



BENEFITS: 



Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life 
insurance plans, annual salary increments. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



Please apply in confidence by submitting resume to: 

DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 

Room 5424. Whitney Block, Parliament Buildings, 

Toronto 5, Ontario 



I 




\ 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage 
ment. 

The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 

For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



DIRECTOR 
REGIONAL SCHOOL 

OF 

OF NURSING 

"KIRKLAND LAKE" 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Director of a new 
Regional School of Nursing to be 
established in Kirkland Lake with 
an annual enrollment of 30 
students encompassing five area 
hospitals. An excellent opportu 
nity to develop a program from 
the erection of the building to 
operating the school. 

Please direct enquiries to: 

The Secretary of the Steering 

Committee: 
R. J. Cameron, Administrator, 

KIRKLAND AND DISTRICT 
HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 

Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 

NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for afternoon shift 

HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 

Accommodation available in 
modern residence. 

For further information, salary 

and personnel policies, 

please apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(Service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291 -bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



THE GENERAL REGISTRY 

OF GRADUATE NURSES 

TORONTO 

FURNISH NURSES 
AT ANY HOUR 
DAY or NIGHT 

Telephone: 483-4306 

41 1 Eglinton Avenue East 

Suite 500 
Toronto 12, Ontario 

JEAN C. BROWN, REG.N. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Required for various departments in a 
modern 140-bed hospital situated in the 
Kawartha Lakes area. 

Toronto Council salaries in effect. 



Please apply to: 

Personnel Director 

ROSS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Lindsay, Ontario 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



ACROSS CANADA 




for employment or bursaries write: 

Director in Chief 
VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

FOR CANADA 

5 Blackburn Avenue, 

Ottawa 2, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Director of Nurses for a 90-bed, new 
modern General Hospital. The Hospital is 
located on the beautiful South Shore of 
Nova Scotia. Excellent Personnel Policies 
and Benefits. Residence accommodation 
available. Apply, stating qualifications, 
experience and references to: 

Mr. N. J. Dupuis 
Administrator 

DAWSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 



City. 



. State . 



.Zip Code. 




r *:..,:* 







HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331 .00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

All DEPARTMENTS 

and 

O.R. TECHNICIANS 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



NcKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 

ensures opportunity for furthering 

education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 

Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen 
sion plan. 

Pleasant, progressive, industrial city of 
23,000. 

Apply: 

Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



KUFFIELD ORTHOPAEDIC CENTRE 

Headington, Oxford 
England 

Applications are invited for Staff Nurse 
vacancies at this world famous Ortho 
paedic Hospital. It is essential that can 
didates should be either holders of, or 
prepared to study for the O.N.C. 

Whitley Council conditions of service 
apply and the salary scale is 690 to 
850 per annum plus an allowance of 
10. for holders of the O.N.C. 

Accommodation with full board is avai 
lable at 230 per annum. 

Application should be sent to: 
THE MATRON 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA 

Requires the services of Registered Nurses for all 
services including operating room, recovery room, 
intensive care and emergency in the newly expand 
ed eight hundred and fifty bed facilities of the lar 
gest general and referral hospital in the Atlantic 
Provinces. 



Salary range for General Staff positions $360.00 
$420.00 per month and full Civil Service benefits. 



Direct inquiries to: 
Director of Nurses 

VICTORIA GENERAL HOSPITAL 



Halifax, Nova Scotia 



A-5800 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

REQUIRES 

CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (MEDICAL) 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

B. Sc. N. preferred. University Diploma acceptable. 

Salary commensurate with qualifications and ex 
perience. 

APPLY: 
Director of Nursing 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. Thomas, Ont. 



ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B.C. 

INVITES YOU to apply for a position in an expanding hospital. 
There is an opening for you in any of the services, which include 
Intensive Care, Haemodialysis, Psychiatry, Reactivation. Hospital 
is a Regional Hospital and major medical centre in the Interior 
with all gen^ral specialties well represented including neurosur- 
gery. 186 bed air-conditioned wing was completed in 1966, pre 
sent renovation bringing capacity to 270 beds and 45 bassinettes 
will be completed in October. Plans for expansion to 500 beds are 
underway. 

Salary as per R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative 
tick leave up to 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro 
gramme. Opportunity for advancement. 




SCHOOL OF NURSING SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 

You will have initial accommodation provided at nominal cost. 
KAAALOOPS, a rapidly expanding industrial area with a population 
of 35,000, known as the Sunny Sportsman s Paradise Hub City 
of British Columbia served by Trans Canada Highway, both major 
Railways, and Airline Services. 

For your enjoyment a large variety of winter and summer acti 
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boating, 
fishing, camping, horseback riding, flying, drama, concerts, and 
an active adult education programme. 

Applications and enquiries should be addressed to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

KAMLOOPS, B.C. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 
hospital. 

Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 



AND 



DIETITIAN 



Applications are invited for the above 
positions in a 65-bed hospital currently 
undergoing renovations and expanding 
to 95 beds by year end. 

Excellent personnel policies and salary 
commensurate with experience and quali 
fications. Hospital located only 10 min 
utes from downtown Buffalo. 

Applications and enquiries should be 
directed to: 

W. F. Thompson, 

Superintendent 

DOUGLAS MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 
Fort Erie, Ontario 



DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing located in South Western On 
tario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep 
tember, 1968. 

Minimum requirement B.Sc.N with 
several years experience. 

Apply: 

Chairman 

Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVILIE, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

For all Departments and a new Psychi 
atric wing. 

Subsidized employee benefits and good 
personnel policies in effect. 

Modern, furnished apartments available. 

For information and application, 
please write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 



Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



POSITIONS OPEN 

Director of Nursing Education. Preferable 
holding a Masters Degree. Also Instruc 
tors with Bachelors Degree in Nursing or 
Post-Graduate training. 

270-bed accredited hospital. 



ABERDEEN HOSPLTAL 

New Glasgow 

Nova Scotia 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 

FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Registered laboratory technician for 51- 
bed active treatment hospital in Northern 
Manitoba, with medical staff of three 
doctors. Must be able to perform proce 
dures in fields of hematology, bacterio 
logy, grouping and cross-matching blood, 
biochemistry. Salary $490 $570 per 
month plus $20 minimum call back pay. 

Apply stating experience and 
references to: 

The Administrator 

FORT CHURCHILL 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort Churchill, Manitoba 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 

newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 1 5-1 0-2 A 

Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
(eave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land. Oregon. 97201. 15-38-1 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month Including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 

STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Eight week course in Care of the Premature Infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 

Fully accredited 86-bed General 
Hospital, presently expanding to 
130 beds, urgently requires the 
following personnel: 

NURSING SUPERVISOR 
for afternoon shift 

HEAD NURSE FOR SURGICAL 
FLOOR 

Accommodation available in mo 
dern residence. 

For further information, salary 

and personnel policies, 

please apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

WINCHESTER DISTRICT 
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Winchester, Ontario 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 




DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING (B.N.) 

An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepares the stu 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals. 

DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES (B.N.) 

A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re 
gistered Nurses who wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
1 YEAR 

(1) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 

Outpost Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 




Invites Applications For: 

TEAM LEADERS 
GENERAL STAFF R.N. and R.N.A. 

This modern 525-bed hospital, scheduled to open in the Fall of 
1967, is fully equipped with the latest facilities to assist personnel 
in patient care and embraces the most modern concepts of team 
nursing. (See Hospital Administration in Canada January 1967 
edition.) Excellent personnel policies are available. Progressive staff 
and management development programs offer the maximum op 
portunities for those who are interested. Salary is commensurate 
with experience and ability. 

For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Director of Nursing Service, 

SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 

Post Office Box 250, West Hill, Ontario 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.I, and 

MAIDA YALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 

LONDON 

(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 

HOSPITALS) 

NEUROLOGY AND 

NEUROSURGERY 

These unique hospitals of international 
repute offer to Registered Nurses: 

1) One year course badge and certi 
ficate awarded. 

2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini 
mum period of appointment, four 
months. 

3) General duties on medical and sur 
gical wards, occasional vacancy at 
Convalescent Hospital (near Hamp- 
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap 
pointment two months. 

Consideration given to Nurses wishing to 
take extended holidays. 

This branch of nursing has a special ap 
peal to those interested in research and 
the humanitarian aspect of nursing. 

Further particulars may be 

obtained from: 

Matron 

THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

Queen Square, London, W.C.I 
England 



NURSING 

ADMINISTRATION 

An attractive, senior position is 
available for a Registered Nurse, 
preferably one with a degree in 
Nursing but a University diploma 
in Nursing Administration will 
be acceptable. Experience in 
nursing service is essential and 
the successful applicant will be a 
member of Management in Nurs 
ing Administration. Salary will 
be negotiated. Replies, which 
will be confidential, should in 
clude a resume of experience 
and education. 

Please write to: 
Director of Nursing, 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario. 



DEPARTMENT 
OF HEALTH 

NEWFOUNDLAND 

Applications are invited for the 
position of Head Nurse in Ob 
stetrics at the Harmon Hospital, 
Stephenville, Newfoundland. 

Preference will be given to ap 
plicants with post-graduate train 
ing in Obstetrics, but consider 
ation will be given to those 
having Obstetrical experience. 

Salary is $4,600-1 20-$5,300 per 
annum. Additional payment will 
be given for postgraduate dip 
loma in Obstetrics. 

Living in accommodation is 
available at the rate of $696 
per annum. Uniforms are pro 
vided. 

For further information apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HARMON HOSPITAL 

Stephenville, Newfoundland 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



IEGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
lospifal, growing community. Storting salary $330 
&365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meol furnish- 
.sd. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
;iewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 

t.N. s Needed New 50-bed hospital. Salary 
Jange $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
nonth. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid 
vacation. On Lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from 
//Vest Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mrs. Hilda 
lensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
Hospital, P.O. Box 659, Pahokee, Florida. Phone 
105 924-5201. 



STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center. Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge- 
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition 
to the General Services. Salary $525 for newly 
graduate nurse. $560 within first six months to $640. 
Salary commensurate with experience and education. 
Unique benefit program includes free University 
courses after six months. For information on op 
portunities, write fo: Mrs. Ruth Fine. Director of 
Nursing Services, University Hospital, 1959 N.E. Paci 
fic Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98105. 




SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 
McGILL UNIVERSITY 



PROGRAMS FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING 

Two years from McGill Senior Matriculation or three years from McGill Junior 
Matriculation or the equivalents. In First Year the student elects one clinical 
setting in which to study nursing, selecting from 

Maternal and Child Health Nursing 

Medical-Surgical Nursing 

Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 

Public Health Nursing 

In Final Year the student studies in nursing education, or nursing service 
supervision, selecting from 

Teaching of Nursing 

Supervision of Nursing Service in Hospitals 

Supervision of Public Health Nursing Service 

DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED) 

A program of two academic years for nurses with a baccalaureate degree. 
Students elect to major in: 

Development and Administration of Educational Programs in Nursing 

Nursing Service Administration in Hospitals and Public Health Agencies 

PROGRAM IN BASIC NURSING 

leading to the degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

A five-year program for students with McGill Junior Matriculation or its equivalent. 
This program combines academic and professional courses with supervised nursing 
experience in the McGill teaching hospitals and selected health agencies. This broad 
background of education, followed by graduate professional experience, prepares 
nurses for advanced levels of service in hospitals and community. 

For further particulars write to: 

DIRECTOR, McGILL SCHOOL FOR GRADUATE NURSES 

3506 UNIVERSITY STREET, MONTREAL 2, QUE. 



HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 

Kingston, Ontario 

A Postgraduate Course in Operating 
Room Technique and Management is now 
available at this Hospital. The next class 
of six months duration will be admitted 
May 1st, 1968. 



For further information and details, 
write to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 

Kingston, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OKANAGAN VALLEY, B.C. 

VACANCY OPEN 

FOR NURSING OFFICE 

NURSING SERVICE 

SUPERVISOR 

Preparation and experience in nursing 
service administration required, degree 
preferred. 

Applications and enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

2268 Pandosy Street 

Kelowna, B.C. 



OCTOBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



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Index 

to 

advertisers 

October 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 9, 52 

Ames Company of Canada Limited 24 

Ayerst Laboratories 2 

Boehringer Ingelheim Products 13 

Canadian Sugar Institute 23 

Canadian Tampax Corp. Ltd. 21 

Facelle Company Ltd 6 

Charles E. Frosst & Co. 53 

W. J. Gage Limited 55 

Frank W. Horner Limited 19 

Kayser-Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings) 14 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 11 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 57 

J.B. Lippincott Company of Canada Limited 10 

C. V. Mosby Company 1 7 

J. T. Posey Co. 54 

Reeves Company 18 

W. B. Saunders Company Cover II 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd 54 

Sterilon of Canada 5 



Uniforms Registered 

United Surgical Corporation 
Warner-Chilcott Labs Co. Ltd. 
(Texas Pharmacal Div.) 

White Cross Shoes 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 
Winthrop Laboratories 



Cover III 

56 

1 

16 

12 

Cover IV 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
1 70 The Donway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



OCTOBER 1967 



November 1967 



MRS MT MELLON 

2368 MONROE AVE 

OTTAWA 5 ONT 00511096 






The 



Canadian 
Nurse 








* 

% 

o* v 



official opening 
of CNA House 



ups and downs 

of economic progress 

a CUSO volunteer 
reports from India 






Because SANEEN diapers are mi 



Using this newest 
diapering technique 
is like having 
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IS 
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ich more absorbent than cloth, fewer changes are necessary. 

More and more hospitals are discovering that the use of 
SANEEN Flush-a-byes disposable diapers has improved 
their diapering technique. 

Efficiency Because SANEEN diapers are several times 
more absorbent than cloth, fewer diaper and bedding 
changes are necessary. Nursing time is saved as SANEEN 
diapers are pre-packed, pre-folded, ready for use at the 
bassinet. They take less storage space. And laundry 
loads are reduced. 

Reduced Costs Because SANEEN diapers save on 
laundry, they are comparable in cost to cloth diapers. 

Hygiene SANEEN diapers are free of pathogenic 
organisms need not be autoclaved. Used only once, 
they eliminate a major source of cross-infection. 

Comfort SANEEN diapers are exceptionally soft and 
specially designed to provide a snug fit, thus preventing 
seepage. Their high absorbency keeps moisture away 
from the baby s skin, allowing the skin to breathe 
comfortably. Also, diaper rash from harsh laundry 
additives is eliminated. Judge for yourself . 

Write us and we will have a representative analyse your 
requirements and arrange a trial supply for your hospital. 

Use these other fine Saneen Products to complete your 
disposable program: PERI-WIPES, CELLULOSE WIPES, SWABS, BED 

PAN DRAPES, MEDICAL TOWELS, EXAMINATION SHEETS AND GOWNS. 




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Sterilon lets you select the bedside 
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Note the advantages in every 

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Sterilon s bedside drainage tray units will serve the need 
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plastic forceps, 30 cc s Benzalkonium Chloride (1 :750) 
and a water soluble lubricant. 

In addition, each unit contains a vented 2000 cc bottom 
draining bedside collection bag with attached 9/32 tube, 
plus a syringe pre-filled with 8 cc of sterile water. This 
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Three options for your convenience: 

If you prefer a bedside drainage tray unit without a 

catheter, specify the Sterilon #903 Bedside Drainage 

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If you prefer a bedside drainage tray unit that includes 

all of the standard components plus an 18 Fr. valve-type 

balloon catheter, specify the Sterilon #904 Bedside 

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For a unit containing all of the standard components 
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STERILON CORPORATION / A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 1505 Washington St., Braintree, Mass. 02184 
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As with all sterile disposable Items, the packaging should 
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Cat. Nos. 903, 904 and 905 



Your student s successful future 
depends on sound guidance now. 
Prepare her with the best . . . 

The First Book in a New Biennial Series 

Current Concepts in CLINICAL NURSING 

This outstanding new reference offers your students a personal lib 
rary of current nursing concepts and techniques. It shares with them 
the insight and experience of 28 distinguished contributors, as they 
examine new ideas and the latest procedures in various areas of 
clinical nursing medical-surgical, psychiatric, pediatric and mater 
nity nursing. Many instructors believe this book will be an excellent 
supplement to the required textbook in various subject areas. Total 
patient care is stressed throughout, emphasizing the importance of 
psychological needs as well as physiological needs. 

The role of the patient s family, nursing care of the patient who has 
had an organ transplant, how to alleviate sleep problems and how 
to meet the needs of the unwed mother are a few of the timely topics 
discussed. An excellent bibliography offers opportunity for addi 
tional reading. 

Edited by BETTY BERGERSEN, R.N , Ed.D.; EDITH ANDERSON, R.N., Ph.D.; MARGERY DUFFY, 
R.N., Ph.D.; MARION ROSE, R.N., M.A.; and MARY LOHR, R.N., Ed.D. Written by 28 dis 
tinguished contributors. Publication dote: November, 1967. Approx. 486 pages, 7" x 10". 
41 illustrations. About $12.70. 




New 4th Edition ! 



"The general purpose of this book is the pro 
vision of the opportunity for nurse practitioners 
to communicate with each other about the new 
and old problems of patient care they have 
faced and the solutions they have devised to 
meet these problems." 

Margery Duffy, R.N., Ph.D. 



Alexander - Ellison - Burley - Vallari 



CARE OF THE PATIENT IN SURGERY 

Including Techniques 



Now the thoroughly revised and expanded new 
4th edition of this immensely popular text offers 
your students complete, explicit and up-to-date 
information on every aspect of the nurses duties 
in surgery, from the design and administration of 
the surgical suite, to surgical procedures and 
nursing responsibilities involved in the many 
kinds of operations performed today. Two new 
chapters are included: surgery on the ear and 



ophthalmic surgery. More than 550 illustrations, 
many of them new to this edition, enhance the 
author s presentation. The most recent advances 
in chest, heart and gynecologic surgery are discus 
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By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BUR- 
LEY, B.S., M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and 
ROSALIND VALLERI, B.S., M.A., R.N., Publication date: Septem 
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illustrations, 5 in color. Price, $18.20. 



New 4th Edition ! 



Shafer - Sawyer - McCluskey - Beck 

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 



The new, lavishly illustrated two-color 4th edi 
tion of this long-established classic helps your 
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tient care." Thoroughly reorganized and revised 
to reflect the most recent nursing concepts, this 
easy-to-read text contains 236 illustrations, of 
which 60 are new to this edition. Emphasis is 
placed on the concept of prevention and the re 
lationship of the family to a patient s progress. 
Instructive new discussions guide the student 



through the latest methods in such complex areas 
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sist you in planning your course. 

By EDYTHE LOUISE ALEXANDER, B.S., M.A., R.N.; WANDA BUR- 
LEY, B.S , M.A., R.N.; DOROTHY ELLISON, B.S., M.A., R.N.; and 
ROSALIND VALLARI, B.S., M.A., R.N., Publication date: Septem 
ber, 1967. 4th edition, 898 pages plus FM I-XVIII, 7" x 10", 621 
illustrations, 5 in color. Price, $18.20. 



THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD 

86 Northline Road Toronto 16, Ontario 




Publishers 



2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 



Volume 63, Number 11 



26 Ups and downs of economic progress 



30 Residence living Yes or No? 



33 Home care of Ravi --a premature infant 



37 Official Opening of CNA House 



November 1967 



G. Rowsell 



M. E. Doyle and I. Daykin 



M. R. Pandya 



45 India s project number one W. Marson 



50 Does academic preparation make cents? 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 
22 Names 
51 Dates 
58 Films 



7 News 

24 New Products 
52 Books 
58 Accession List 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
Editor: Virginia A. Lindabury . Assistant 
Editor: Glcnnis N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
Loral A. Graham Circulation Manager: Pier 
rette Hotte . Advertising Manager: Ruth H. 
Baumel . Subscription Rates: Canada: One 
Year, $4.50; two years, $8.00. Foreign: One 
Year, $5.00; two years, $9.00. Single copies: 
50 cents each. Make cheques or money orders 
payable to The Canadian Nurse . Change of 
Address: Four weeks notice and the old 
address as well as the new are necessary. Not 
responsible for journals lost in mail due to 
errors in address. 
Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



Manuscript Information: "The Canadian 
Nurse" welcomes unsolicited articles. All 
manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 
on one side of unruled paper leaving wide 
margins. Manuscripts are accepted for review 
for exclusive publication. The editor reserves 
the right to make the usual editorial changes. 
Photographs (glossy prints) and graphs and 
diagrams (drawn in India ink on white paper) 
are welcomed with such articles. The editor 
is not committed to publish all articles sent, 
nor to indicate definite dates of publication. 
Authorized as Second-Class Mail by the Post 
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Return Postage Guaranteed. 50 The Driveway, 
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NOVEMBER 1967 



The CNA Board of Directors 
decision to use the Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario Testing 
Service as a nucleus for a national 
testing service (News, page 7) is of 
major significance to the nursing 
profession. 

First, it means all candidates for 
nurse registration or licensure in 
Canada will write examinations that 
have been developed and standardized 
in this country, rather than in the 
U.S.A. The reason for regarding this 
as an advantage is not merely 
chauvinistic. It is based, rather, on a 
belief that a profession in a given 
country differs inherently from the 
same profession in another country 
despite apparent external similarities 

- and therefore, should have its own 
system of testing. 

Second, the use of the RNAO 
Testing Service as a nucleus for a 
national testing service will ensure 
uniformity of registration requirements 
throughout the country. This could 
lead to the adoption of a minimum 
passing score, based on a national 
mean, by all provincial nurse 
registration bodies, thereby making 
reciprocal registration in Canada 
possible. 

Third, the establishment of a CNA 
testing service for nurse registration 
guarantees a permanence that no 
outside organization can offer. With 
our own service, worries about changes 
in the terms of a contract or in 
cancellation of the contract are 
non-existent. Also, a Canadian testing 
service will allow greater flexibility 
and encourage originality; content and 
procedure can be revised as necessary 
to keep apace of changes in nursing 
in this country. 

Four, in developing this national 
testing service, CNA will profit from 
RNAO s considerable experience with 
nurse and nursing assistant 
examinations in both the English and 
French languages. Moreover, the staff 
of the RNAO Testing Service, persons 
who are well-prepared and competent 
in nursing education and psychometric 
testing, are willing to organize and 
direct the testing system of a national 
basis. 

Many problems of negotiation 
remain to be solved. But the most 
important decision to develop a 
Canadian testing examination service, 
using the RNAO Testing Service as a 
nucleus has been made, and made 
wisely. V.A.L. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



A criticism and an answer 

Dear Editor: 

I read with interest the news item "RNAO 
Express Concern About Recruitment" (June 
1967.) 

In 1965, membership of the Registered 
Nurses Association of Ontario was about 
23,000. In less than two years it apparently 
has dropped to approximately 13,000, an 
average drop of 5,000 per annum. This 
trend is bound to continue. It is deplorable, 
but even more disturbing is the RNAO of 
ficials attitude that they alone know what 
is good for the association. 

The fact that less than one-quarter of 
Ontario s 50,000 registered nurses are mem 
bers of their professional association should 
have warned them that something is funda 
mentally wrong with the association. What 
does the RNAO do? 

The recent raise in membership fee from 
$25 to $35 has contributed to this fall in 
membership. Now, RNAO can think of no 
other way to attract members than by com 
pulsion through legislation. If this dangerous 
move should become de facto, the patients 
are the ones who will suffer most, for it 
is certain that many nurses would rather 
quit the profession than join an association 
that does not meet the needs of the average 
nurse. -- Mr. R. Tisic, Toronto, Ontario. 

The editors asked Mr. Albert Wedgery, Pres 
ident of the Registered Nurses Association 
of Ontario, to respond to Mr. Tisic s letter. 



Dear Editor: 

It is a sound maxim that no professional 
organization is ever 100 percent right in 
what it does. Those who are charged with 
guiding the affairs of organized nursing 
are not surprised when a course of action 
meets some disapproval. Significantly, the 
loudest outcry usually comes from persons 
who keep up a continual stream of criticism 
regardless of what is done on behalf of 
nurses. If this time and emotion spent so 
negatively were devoted to improving the 
system we have, what could we not accom 
plish for betterment of nursing? 

Mr. Tisic is disturbed by what he claims 
is "the RNAO ofifcials attitude that they 
alone know what is good for the Associa 
tion." It is flattering indeed to be credited 
with such omniscience. However, the policies 
of the Association are established by the 
Board of Directors (on which every Chapter 
is represented) not by the officers or the em 
ployees. The raise in membership fees and 
the direction to approach the government 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



regarding compulsory membership were au 
thorized by voting delegates after these is 
sues had been debated by members at an 
nual meetings of the Association. Arbitrary 
decisions are, therefore, not the prerogative 
of those who "head" the organization. 

Mr. Tisic claims that compulsory mem 
bership would be a dangerous innovation. 
Present members, somewhat embittered that 
non-members continue to enjoy the fruits of 
RNAO action, would like all working nurses 
to share the burden of providing Association 
services that advance the socio-economic 
position and professional security of every 
nurse practitioner. 

Mr. Tisic offers no evidence to support 
his contention that the RNAO "does not 
meet the needs of the average nurse." With 
in the present structure of the Association 
the "average" nurse can become an equal 
and integral participant in the organization. 
When will nurses learn how to use their 
professional organization to promote their 
own welfare and development? 

Mr. Tisic brings no credits to himself 
by his open expression of disloyalty to 
nurses who are committed to improving the 
place of nursing in our society. Albert 
W. Wedgery, President, Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario. 



Concerned about CNF 

Dear Editor: 

There are 121,000 registered nurses in 
Canada, only 922 of whom are members of 
the Canadian Nurses Foundation, estab 
lished six years ago. This is a sad com 
mentary on Canadian nurses interest in 
furthering the education of Canadian Nur 
ses Association members. 

To the 120,000 nurses who are not 
CNF members, may I say: you teach your 
patients the value of self-help; how about 
applying self-help to the area of advanced 
nursing education? If you send your annual 
two dollar membership fee to the Cana 
dian Nurses Foundation, 50 The Drive 
way, Ottawa, it will increase its budget by 
$240,000, and make 120,000 Canadian nur 
ses feel like responsible professional peo 
ple. Ruth M. Morrison, Vancouver, 
British Columbia. 



York Regional School 

Dear Editor: 

I was delighted with the editorial in 
the August issue of The Canadian Nurse. 
My only adverse comment would be that 
it did not speak out strongly enough. 



I also read with interest the news item 
about the regional schools in Ontario. But 
why no mention of York Regional? 

We accepted our first class in September 
with 61 students. We have temporary school 
facilities in the unfinished North York Gen 
eral Hospital and residence facilities in the 
nurse s residence of Sunnybrook Hospital. 

We have been able to break out of the 
single discipline concept of regional schools 
to the extent that our students will be 
taking all non-nursing subjects, including 
psychology, sociology, literature and phil 
osophy, at Seneca College of Applied Arts 
and Technology. We have hired a non- 
nurse biologist to teach an integrated 
science course in the biological and physi 
cal sciences. This was done in preference 
to teaching that subject at Seneca because 
we saw an avenue of inservice education, 
with the nursing teachers being used as 
demonstrators in the biology classes. 

Our hope is that in due course we will 
become part of the College of Applied 
Arts and Technology. Donna M. Wells. 
Dean, York Regional School of Nursing. 
Toronto, Ontario. 



Error 

Dear Editor: 

I would like to point out an error on 
page 1 1 of the September issue of THE 
CANADIAN NURSE concerning the item: "Con 
tract for Hamilton nurses provides highest 
public health minimum salary in Province 
(News). 

The Hamilton Health Association is a 
private organization that operates the Ched- 
oke General and Children s hospital, and 
three others. It has a nurses association, 
which applied for certification under the 
Labor Relations Board. 

The public health nurses are employed 
by the City of Hamilton, not the Hamiltor 
Health Assocation. Maurice W. Lond 
Westhall Chapter, Registered Nurses As 
sociation of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario. 



Wish to share experience 

Dear Editor: 

Our experience might be profitable tc 
other nurses as well as to nursing students 
Being three French-Canadian nurses whc 
wished to improve our English, we decidec 
to work in a hospital of 175 beds on th( 
Pacific coast in California. 

Our arrival at the hospital was in 
teresting, if not amusing. Our limited voc 
abulary caused many hilarious situations 

NOVEMBER 196; 



However, after several months of employ 
ment, we realized our error: we had been 
hired as nurses, not accepted as foreign- 
language students in the faculty of arts. 

Essential to the practice of nursing is 
a comprehension of the immediate situ 
ation, a rapid execution of duties, and 
communication with the patient and the 
doctor. How could we help the doctor in 
an emergency if he had to repeat the 
name of a medication or treatment two or 
three times? How could we communicate 
with the patient and the doctor if we 
could only utter half a word a minute? 
How could we meet essential needs if 
we were continually confused and worried? 

We asked ourselves what our attitude 
would be to nurses who came to a French- 
Canadian hospital to learn our language 
and customs. Would we consider them as 
intelligent, resourceful young women or 
as irresponsible nurses? 

Our experience demonstrated to us that 
nursing is an art that will not permit 
day-dreaming; and that it is better to 
serve our profession than to be served by 
it. Susane Couture, So. Laguana, Cal 
ifornia. 



Requests articles on curriculum 

Dear Editor: 

I am a CUSO (Canadian University Ser 
vice Overseas) volunteer who is helping to 
prepare instructors and supervisors of prac 
tical nursing. Since we lack library facilities, 
it is very difficult to keep abreast of the 
trends in nursing and the techniques of 
teaching. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE helps me feel that 
I am still on the Canadian nursing scene, 
but much of the information is specific to 
Canada and does not pertain to nursing 
situations in general. I would like to see 
more articles on curriculum development 
and techniques of instruction. The article 
"Programmed Instruction Can We Use 
It?" (July, 1967) was of great interest. 
Sally A. Thomas, Bogota, Columbia, South 
America. 



An "R.N. Dispenser" 
Dear Editor: 

Many thanks for your gift subscription 

tO THE CANADIAN NURSE, which I find 

stimulating and informative. I was espe 
cially interested in the letter that dis 
cussed the dispensing of medications. 

Being an "R.N. Dispenser," I find it dif 
ficult to reconcile the fact that nurses, 
in addition to their many other technical 
duties, are expected to act as pharmacists. 

I believe that the dispensing of medica 
tions should be the responsibility of hos 
pital pharmaceutical committees, where it 
rightly belongs. -- Gus Roscoe, Toronto, 
Ontario. O 

NOVEMBER 1967 



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6 THE CANADIAN NURSE NOVEMBER 1967 



news 



CNA To Prepare Brief 
On Labor Relations 

Ottawa. The Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation Board of Directors has authorized 
the preparation of a Brief to the Task 
Force on Labour Relations, which is col 
lecting information on industrial relations, 
issues, or problems for submission to Pri 
vy Council. The Brief was authorized at 
the September meeting of the Board. 

The Prime Minister, in a memorandum, 
charged the Task Force "to examine indus 
trial relations in Canada and make recom 
mendations to the Government with res- 
,pect to public policy and labour legislation 
and on such other matters as it considers 
relevant to the public interest in industrial 
relations." The Task Force is asking for 
written submissions as one means of ana 
lysis. 

The Task Force approached the CNA 
and other groups to ensure that wide at 
tention is given the opportunity for com 
ment on major labor relations problems. 

The Brief will be prepared by CNA na 
tional office staff and be submitted to the 
executive committee of the Board for final 
approval before being sent to the Task 
Force bv December 31. 1967. 

Chairmen of the provinces Social and 
Economic Welfare Committees will be ask 
ed to submit comments for inclusion in 
the Brief. It also will incorporate the be 
liefs and philosophies on labor relations of 
the International Council of Nurses, the 
Canadian Nurses Association and the pro 
vincial nurses associations. 

CNA To Undertake 
Examination Service 

Ottawa. "It is moved and seconded 
that the Canadian Nurses Association 
proceed to develop a Canadian testing ex 
amination service, utilizing the Registered 
Nurses Association of Ontario examina 
tions as a nucleus, and that CNA nego 
tiate with the RNAO in establishing these 
services." 

The above motion was passed unani 
mously by the Board of Directors at their 
biannual meeting at CNA House Septem 
ber 26-29. With these words, the Canadian 
Nurses Association will undertake to pro 
vide national registration examinations, 
which would be used by the provincial li 
censing boards when the National League 
for Nursing examinations are no longer 
available after June 1969. 

The Board adopted the motion following 
a presentation on available services in Ca 
nada and the United States and a discus 
sion regarding personnel and facilities. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



New Formula For CNA Fees Submitted by ANPQ 

Ottawa. -- A new formula regarding payment of individual fees from 
the provincial associations to the Canadian Nurses Association was made by 
the Association of Nurses of the Province of Quebec to the CNA Board of 
Directors at the September meeting in Ottawa. The new formula proposes that 
all provincial associations be charged the fee of $10.00 per individual member 
for the first 10,000 members and a fee of $5.00 per member for the remain 
ing members. If approved, this change would require an amendment to the 
CNA Bylaws at the forthcoming biennial meeting in Saskatoon next July. 
The proposed formula was submitted to larger provinces from the CNA. She stated 



CNA in line with a resolution passed at a 
previous CNA Board meeting in Septem 
ber, 1966. This resolution asked that each 
province provide the CNA with a formula 
respecting the payment of the $10.00 per 
individual fee that had been sanctioned at 
the 1966 CNA biennial meeting. 

When the CNA fee for each individual 
member had been raised from $6.00 to 
$10.00 at the biennial meeting, several 
provinces had reported that they would be 
unable to meet the new fee unless they 
had an opportunity to raise the member 
ship fee in their own province; the motion 
was worded to allow these provinces to 
begin payment of the higher fee after they 
had arranged their provincial budget com 
mitments. 

Nine provincial associations now pay 
the $10.00 fee per individual member to 
CNA; the ANPQ is presently paying the 
fee of $6.00 per individual member. 

In speaking to the motion, Miss Helen 
Reimer, secretary-registrar for the ANPQ. 
said that her association considered the 
new formula fair in relation to the amount 
of services that could be attained by the 



"As the membership of a few provinces 
exceeds by a considerable number that of 
the other provinces, an adjustable fee with 
a limit, as suggested in the recommenda 
tion, would seem to be a more equitable 
method of collecting dues since this would 
prevent a situation where a few provinces 
could be making the major contribution to 
CNA revenue." 

She added that some services are divided 
on a basis whereby all provinces benefited 
equally in spite of the differences in mem 
bership. 

Only Quebec (22,700), Ontario (18,200), 
and British Columbia (10,500) would be 
affected by the proposed new formula, 
based on total 1966 figures. 

It is anticipated that the change would 
cut CNA s anticipated budget for 1968 by 
over $100,000. 

The CNA Board of Directors asked that 
the formula be studied by CNA legal ad 
visors and by national office staff to exam 
ine implications for the work of the asso 
ciation. A report is to be made at the next 
Board meeting in March, 1968. 



Mildred E. Katzell, Director, National 
League for Nursing Evaluation Service, 
described available facilities and acted as 
consultant to the Board during the discus 
sion. 

The new testing service eventually will 
offer, in both languages, registration ex 
aminations in the five nursing subjects: 
medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and 
psychiatric nursing. 

For the past 20 years, provinces of Ca 
nada have used State Board Test Pool Ex 
aminations, provided by the National Lea 
gue for Nursing, for the testing of stu 
dents for licensure as professional nurses. 
In June 1966, the American Nurses Asso 
ciation recommended that the National 
League for Nursing discontinue the use of 
the examinations in jurisdictions outside the 
United States, and the Canadian provinces 
were notified that examinations would not 
be available to them after June 1969. 



The Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario Testing Service developed its own 
system of examinations in 1964, after 
three years of preparation. It has since 
supplied licensing examinations for both 
Ontario and New Brunswick. The other 
eight provinces use the National League 
service. 

The RNAO has agreed to the transfer of 
its existing testing service, provided that 
such a transfer protects the present staff 
engaged in test development, and provided 
that the test for nursing assistants be con 
tinued. 

The RNAO testing service at present 
supplies only four examinations; a psychia 
tric examination cannot be readied for the 
1969 deadline. The CNA Board will inves 
tigate other possible alternatives to be used 
until the proposed CNA Testing Service 
can provide such an examination. The exe 
cutive committee will make recommenda- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 7 



news 



tions concerning the provisions for the psy 
chiatric test at the next Board meeting in 
March. 

The executive committee is also charged 
with responsibilities for arranging for the 
transfer of testing facilities from RNAO 
to CNA. As considerable time is required 
to prepare a series of tests for the 10 pro 
vinces, the committee has been requested 
to begin as soon as possible, and to pro 
vide a progress report to the next Board 
meeting. Dr. Katzell has been asked to 
continue consultant services. 

Conference Examines 
Educational Problems 

Ottawa. Nursing educational consult 
ants from nine provincial associations met 
with national office staff at CNA House in 
mid-September. 

The meeting, similar to one held last 
year, provided an opportunity for education 
al leaders to exchange information, and in 
terpret policies and goals of national office 
and provincial associations. It allows the 
provinces to identify problems common to 
all and to determine ways in which these 
problems may be solved; to suggest long or 
short-term plans on mutual concerns at the 
provincial and national levels; and to ensure 
coordination of effort within the scope of the 
federal nature of the health legislation. 

The conference was sponsored by the Ca 
nadian Nurses Association and chaired by 
Margaret Steed, CNA consultant, nursing 
education. 

Guest speakers at the conference were 
N.A. Sisco, director of the Applied Arts and 
Technology Branch, Ontario Department of 
Education, and Ruth Johnson, associate in 
nursing education, State Education Depart 
ment, Albany, New York. 

One day of the three-day conference was 
held at the Department of National Health 
and Welfare building. This permitted a joint 



Canadian Nurses Work With WHO 




Geneva, Switzerland. Canadians now comprise the largest national group of 
nurses in the World Health Organization, according to a recent report of Miss 
Lyle Creelman, Chief Nurse of the international organization. Miss Jeannette 
Sylvain, on the right in the photograph above, is one of the 45 Canadian 
nurses currently serving with the international group. From Quebec City, Miss 
Sylvain has been with WHO since September 1963 and is presently working 
in a Maternal and Child Health project in Abidjan, Cote-dlvoire as a public 
health nursing consultant. She is shown here with a group of nursing students. 
Five of the 11 regional supervisors are Canadians, as is Miss Creelman, her 
self. Since WHO was formed in 1948, more than 104 Canadian nurses have 
served with the organization. 



conference with nurse consultants from the 
provincial Health Insurance Commissions 
and nurses from the national departments. 
It was the first time that such a joint meet 
ing was held. 

Interest Sessions Planned 
For CNA General Meeting 

Ottawa. Interest sessions, business 

meetings, well-known speakers, and a host 
of social activities are being planned for the 
Canadian Nurses Association s 34th General 
Meeting in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, July 




The first joint conference of consultants from provincial nursing associations 
and from Health Insurance Commissions was held in Ottawa in mid-September. 
8 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



1968, according to the report of the pro 
gram committee, presented at the CNA 
Board of Directors meeting in September. 

The theme of the General Meeting will be 
related to the Association s Diamond (60th) 
Anniversary. Highlighting the five-day pro 
gram will be a series of "interest sessions" 
on at least four topics of general interest, 
one of which will be presented in the 
French language. 

The Minister of Health, Allan J. Mac- 
Eachen, one of the guest speakers, will dis 
cuss Medicare and its implications for the 
health professions. 

The Saskatchewan Registered Nurses As 
sociation has set up a convention planning 
committee, chaired by Mrs. Shirley Newis, 
to coordinate activities at the General Meet 
ing. The President of SRNA, Mrs. Agnes 
Gunn. reported that plans are being made 
for delegates to see points of interest around 
Saskatoon, and that a government-sponsored 
banquet may be part of the festivities. 

New CNA Publication Is Guide 
For University Nursing Programs 

Ottawa. The Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation has just released a new publication 
entitled Guideline for the Development of 
Programs in Universities Leading to a Bac 
calaureate Degree in Nursing. The pamphlet 
contains, in both English and French, a pos 
sible sequence of events in the establishment 
(Continued on page 10) 

NOVEMBER 1967 



"In spite of today s apparent explosion 

in their awareness of sex, 
young people are not well informed." 



A recent study indicated that even 
among college girls enrolled in health 
education classes knowledge of menstru 
al facts was neither thorough nor accu 
rate. One reason, perhaps, for the lack 
of accuracy was the fact that only 8% of 
these girls obtained their information 
about menstruation from doctors, nurses 
or teachers. 

This small percentage probably 
learned about menstruation because 
they asked. Many young girls, however, never ask for 
information because they feel menstruation is not a 
subject for discussion outside their homes. (And 
sometimes very little information is available within 
their homes.) Even the doctor is not likely to be con 
suited unless the girl is concerned about a possible 
abnormality. 

One solution to this problem is to make information 
on menstruation available to all young girls whether 




or not they specifically ask for it. Thus, 
girls in health and physical education 
classes, girls visiting school nurses, girls 
at summer camp, girls consulting their 
doctors all should be provided with in 
formation on the normal changes that 
are a part of growing up. 

To assist you in explaining menstru 
ation to these girls we offer you (without 
charge) laminated plastic charts drawn 
by Dr. R. L. Dickinson, showing schemat 
ic illustrations of the organs of the female reproduc 
tive system. For the young girl we provide two free 
booklets answering her questions about menstruation. 
Send for them today. Professional samples of Tampax 
menstrual tampons will also be included. 



1. Israel. S. Leon: Obst. & Gynec. 26:920, 1965. 2. Larsen. 
Virginia L: J. Am. M. Women s A. 20:557, 1965. 



TAMPAX 



SANITARY PROTECTION WORN INTERNALLY 

MADE ONLY BY CANADIAN TAMPAX CORPORATION -LTD., 
BARRIE, ONT. 



Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited, 
P.O. Box 627, Barrie, Ont. 

Please send free a set of Dickinson charts, copies of the two booklets, 
a postcard for easy reordering and samples of Tampax tampons. 

Name 



Address. 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



(Continued from page 8) 

of an integrated nursing program at a uni 
versity, leading to a baccalaureate degree. 

The guidelines outline the responsibilities 
of the planning committee, necessary qualifi 
cations of the faculty, the curriculum, and 
policies and procedures relating to students. 

The pamphlet is intended to be a general 
guide. "Within the existing framework of 
the university, each nursing unit has the 
right and responsibility to develop an indi 



vidual program adapted to the specific si 
tuation of the university," the foreword 
points out. 

The publication is a companion to Guid 
ing Principles for the Development of Pro 
grams in Educational Institutions leading to 
a Diploma in Nursing, published in 1966. 

Board of Directors 
Approves Building Guide 

Ottawa. At the September meeting of 
the Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses Association, the members approved 
a draft copy of Guidelines for the Construc 
tion of Educational Facilities for Nursing 
Programs. The work was carried out by an 



ONE-STEP PREP 





with 

FLEET ENEMA 

single dose 
disposable unit 

FLEET ENEMA s fast prep time obsoletes soap and 
water procedures. The enema does not require warm 
ing. It can be used at room temperature. It avoids the 
ordeal of injecting large quantities of fluid into the 
bowel, and the possibility of water intoxication. 
The patient should preferably be lying on the left side 
with the knees flexed, or in the knee-chest position. 
Once the protective cap has been removed, and the 
prelubricated anatomically correct rectal tube gently 
inserted, simple manual pressure on the container 
does the rest! Care should be taken to ensure that 
the contents of the bowel are completely expelled. Left 
colon catharsis is normally achieved in two to five 
minutes, with little or no mucosal irritation, pain or 
spasm. If a patient is dehydrated or debilitated, 
hypertonic solutions such as FLEET ENEMA, must 
be administered with caution. Repeated use at short 
intervals is to be avoided. Do not administer to children 
under six months of age unless directed by a physician. 
And afterwards, no scrubbing, no sterilisation, no 
preparation for re-use. The complete FLEET ENEMA 
unit is simply discarded! 

Every special plastic "squeeze-bottle" contains 4 /2 
fl. oz. of precisely formulated solution, so that the 
adult dose of 4 fl. oz. can be easily expelled. A patented 
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Each 1 00 cc. of FLEET ENEMA contains: 

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Sodium phosphate 6 gm. 

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10 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ad hoc committee of the Board under the 
chairmanship of Miss E.A. Electa Mac- 
Lennan. 

The committee was appointed in February 
1965 to draw up minimum standards for 
physical facilities for nursing education. 

The "Guidelines" are in accordance with 
principles of education espoused by CNA. 
The plan therefore provides guides for a 
diploma nursing program conducted within 
an educational institution in the general sys 
tem of education at the post-secondary level 
and for the baccalaureate degree program 
conducted as an integral part of a college 
or university. This type of plan, which 
would make the most effective and efficient 
use of all types of teaching facilities, was 
recommended by architectural consultants 
from the Health Facilities Division of the 
Department of National Health and Wel 
fare. 

The final copy is intended as a working 
document to aid nurses who might act as 
advisors on building committees. It recom 
mends basic steps that would guide the nurse 
to describe the functional program and to 
help define needs in architectural design. 
Basic requirements and space guide values 
for teaching, faculty, administrative, and 
supportive care areas are given. 

The published document should be ready 
sometime in the new year. 

The Canadian Nurse Award 
To Be Discontinued 

Ottawa. -- The Canadian Nurse Award, 
formerly offered to first-year student nurses 
who received the highest standing in theory 
and practice in their class, is to be discon 
tinued December 31, 1967. The Board of 
Directors of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion recommended the termination of the 
Award at its September meeting. 

The award, consisting of a two-year sub 
scription to THE CANADIAN NURSE originally 
was intended as a means of acquainting stu 
dent nurses with the Association s official 
publication early in their training. As in 
creasing numbers of schools of nursing have 
subscribed to the magazine, the usefulness 
of the Award has diminished. In addition, 
with more than 170 Canadian schools of 
nursing now in operation, administrative dif 
ficulties have compounded. 

Halton County Off Greylist 

Toronto. The Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario and the Nurses Associa 
tion Halton County Health Unit have an 
nounced that Halton County Health Unit is 
no longer greylisted. 

A collective agreement has been signed, 
effective from October 1, 1967 to December 
31, 1968. The contract follows a year in 
which the Registered Nurses Association of 
Ontario greylisted the southern Ontario 
county; during this time no nurse applied for 
a position within the health unit. 

Salaries for public health nurses are now 
(Continued on page 12) 

NOVEMBER 1967 



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come into the picture? 




A holiday bill. A clothing bill. A car repair 
bill. They all seemed to come at once. Jane 
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Answer: A Niagara Loan. Jane talked it over 
with the manager of the nearest Niagara 
Office. Besides getting the money, she got a 
lot of good advice on budgeting. With a 
Niagara Loan, Jane was able to pay all her 
bills at one time. And repay the loan on easy 
terms to suit her budget. 

When you need extra money for any good 
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NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



(Continued from page 10) 

$5,350 to $6,550 per year with four annual 
increments of $300 retroactive to February 
1, 1967; and salaries for registered nurses 
are $4,800 to $5,800 per year with four an 
nual increments of $250 retroactive to Feb 
ruary 1, 1967. 

On January 1, 1968, the public health 
salary range will be increased to $5,617.50 - 
$6,817.50, with quarterly increments of 
$300; and the registered nurses range will 
be increased to $5,040 - $6,040 per year, 
with quarterly increments of $250. 

For newly employed nurses, vacations will 
be three weeks after one year of service and 
four weeks after seven years service. Pre 
sent employees will continue to receive four 
weeks vacation after one year of service. 

There is no change in car allowance 
$45.00 per month plus 5<- per mile. 

Automatic check-off of Association dues 
is provided for future employees; individual 
ly authorized check-off is provided for pre 
sent employees. 

Uniforms are provided at the Health 
Unit s expense. 

St. John Ambulance Course 
Requires Nurse Volunteers 

Ottawa. "Every family in Canada with at 
least one person trained in home nursing." 

This is the objective of St. John Ambu 
lance and it is a goal that has the support 
of everyone familiar with today s patient 
care needs. With hospital beds and prepared 
nurses in such short supply, it is an obvious 
solution to a pressing problem. 

However, like many good ideas, it is 
easier said than done. St. John Ambulance 
promotes a Home Nursing course, but a 
shortage of registered nurses to teach the 
course has caused classes to be cancelled in 
some areas. 

Some of the nurses who teach the course 
are, of course, members of the St. John Am 
bulance Association, but the majority are 
not, as it would be impossible to provide 
instruction in hundreds of different commu 
nities across Canada without the coopera 
tion of nurses who have no St. John affi 
liation. 

This cooperation has been excellent and 
Miss Margaret M. Hunter, Chief Nursing 
Officer of St. John Ambulance, pays tribute 
to the many registered nurses who, in 1966, 
taught 500 St. John classes and gave 10,000 
hours of voluntary service to the St. John 
Home Nursing program. 

"But we need even more help from nurses 
if we are to get our program into high 
gear," says Miss Hunter. "I am sure that if 
nurses know how great a contribution they 
can make by undertaking to teach a St. John 
Home Nursing class, we will have many 
more volunteers from registered nurses." 

12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Miss Hunter points out that St. John has 
purposely set a high standard in its course 
and this is why it insists on registered nurses 
for instructors. 

A new text has been prepared for the 
course. Patient Care in the Home, was writ 
ten by two of Canada s best known nursing 
authorities, Christine Livingstone, formerly 
director-in-chief of the Victorian Order of 
Nurses, and Pearl Stiver, formerly executive 
secretary of the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion. An easy-to-read, information-packed 
supplement to the course, it covers every 
thing from preparing an ice pack to deliver 
ing a baby. 

The St. John course teaches the essentials 
of keeping the family healthy, and how to 
assist the visiting nurse or doctor when ill 
ness strikes. Topics covered include basic 
nursing routine; care of the patient, includ 
ing bathing, back care, posture, and so on; 
how to recognize the early signs of illness; 
how to prevent the spread of infection; the 
care of the convalescent, chronically ill, and 
elderly; and describes simple treatments that 
can be carried out in the home. 

St. John Ambulance advertises the classes, 
provides a classroom and all the necessary 
supplies including a teaching outline and text 
book, and cooperates with the volunteer nurse 
for the duration of the course. A two-hour 
class once a week for eight weeks is usual. 

Miss Hunter does not minimize the re 
sponsibility a nurse assumes when she vo 



lunteers to teach a class. "But most nurses 
have found it a rewarding experience," she 
says. "For one thing, it is a special service 
that only nurses can give a special need 
only they can fill." 

Sometimes two nurses prefer to share one 
class, which usually consists of 15 to 20 stu 
dents. Many of the students are teenagers 
and young women and the course provides 
them with an opportunity to get a taste of 
nursing and find out if they might wish to 
make it a career. 

In promoting home nursing, St. John Am 
bulance is in tune with the time. The Royal 
Commission on Health Service emphasized 
the need for families to assume responsibili 
ty for caring for themselves, under medical 
supervision, in all but cases of serious ill 
ness. The Emergency Health Services also 
state that in case of disaster one person in 
every home proficient in home nursing will 
be an absolute necessity. 

In 1966 more than 7,000 women and 
girls took the St. John Ambulance Home 
Nursing course and another 1,200 took a 
course in Child Care. 

If more registered nurses volunteered to 
instruct a class, this record could be doubled 
or trebled easily in the current season. 
Nurses who would like to help St. John 
carry out this worth-while program should 
get in touch with their local St. John Am 
bulance branch. 

(Continued on page 14) 




St. John Ambulance is looking for volunteer nurses, such as in the photograph 
above, to teach Home Nursing Courses in many communities across Canada. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Opiates, radiation therapy, 
oral contraceptives, motion, 
vertigo, anesthesia and 










; 



there are so many reasons to remember 

Gravol 

Gravol (dimenhydrinate) available as: Gravol Tablets, 50 mg.; Gravol Capsules, 25 mg., for immediate 
release, 50 mg., in sustained release form; Gravol Suppositories, 100 mg.; Gravol Paediatric Sup 
positories, 50 mg.; Gravol Liquid, 45 mg., per tablespoonful; Gravol Ampoules (5 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; 
Gravol Vial (30 cc.) 10 mg. per cc.; Gravol i/m (5 cc.) 50 mg. per cc. Full information available on request. 



NOVEMBER 1967 



FRANK W. HORNER LIMITED . MONTREAL, CANADA 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 13 



news 



(Continued from page 12) 

Manitoba Hospital Commission 
To Finance Nurse Refresher 
Courses 

Winnipeg. - - Sister Beatrice Wambeke, 
newly appointed nursing consultant for the 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses, 
reported that the Manitoba Hospital Com 



mission has offered to bear the costs of re 
fresher courses to help attract non-working 
nurses back to the bedside. 

Speaking to a conference of provincial 
and national educational consultants in Ot 
tawa in mid-September, Sister Beatrice told 
the group that the Hospital Commission has 
expressed considerable concern over the 
nursing shortage in the province. "They had 
already sponsored a $50,000 program for 
recruitment of nurses from Great Britain, 
and are prepared to help finance nurses who 
are willing to emigrate to Canada," she said. 
"We asked them if they would be prepared 



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14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




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to spend some of the money on a program 
designed to bring back nurses who were al 
ready in the province and likely to re 
main there; they were most interested." 

Saskatchewan Public Health 
Says: " Smile! You re On the 
Fluoride Program" 

Regina. This year more Saskatchewan 
children will benefit from the application of 
topical fluoride to prevent dental decay. The 
Saskatchewan Department of Public Health 
has extended its preventive dental program 
from four to 30 communities as part of its 
epidemiological statistical studies. 

Under the program, all children s dental 
conditions are thoroughly assessed in ac 
cordance with the Canadian Dental Associa 
tion index. Those with serious dental prob 
lems have a record made of their prenatal 
and childhood histories and of their dietary 
habits; blood tests, urinalysis, and swab tests 
are made and special diets recommended for 
these children. All children involved in the 
program receive applications of acidulated 
phosphate fluoride to help prevent new cav 
ities. 

Private dentists and physicians are cooper 
ating with the Dental Division of the De 
partment of Public Health in the program. 

Hospital Association Urges 
Go Metric" 

Toronto. Hospitals throughout Ontario 
have been urged by their provincial associa 
tion to make the switch to metric measure 
ment "as soon as feasible." And, as further 
encouragement, the Ontario Hospital Asso 
ciation has sent every hospital administrator 
in the province a specially prepared kit sug 
gesting how to do it. 

The OHA believes that the advantages of 
the metric system make its eventual adop 
tion throughout Canada a "logical certain 
ty." The introduction to the Metric Conver 
sion Kit for Hospitals cites many reasons 
why it believes hospitals should lead the way 
to metric. These include: the need for special 
precision in all measurements related to pa 
tient care; the comparative simplicity of me 
tric calculations and reduced risk of error; 
the already widespread use of metric in the 
health sciences field; and the fact that the 
metric system will be essential to future 
computer applications in hospitals. 

The decisions by the OHA Board of Di 
rectors to throw its weight behind the me 
tric movement was taken on the recommen 
dation of its Committee on Professional Re 
lations, headed by Dr. Hugo Ewart of the 
Hamilton Health Association. Dr. Ewart, a 
former president of the Ontario Medical As 
sociation, said that he foresees little real dif 
ficulty for any hospital that decides to make 
the changeover. "For one thing," he said, 
"all doctors become thoroughly familiar with 
the metric system and its advantages in med 
ical school. The same is true of most para 
medical staff, especially those in hospital 
laboratories and pharmacies. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



news 

"The Hospital for Sick Children in Toron 
to and the Hamilton Civic Hospitals have 
already switched over completely to metric 
measurement and other hospitals in the Ha 
milton area are preparing to do so shortly," 
Dr. Ewart said. 

The 47-page booklet that introduces the 
metric plan outlines organizational princi 
ples, areas to be converted, equipment, 
forms, orientation, and publicity necessary 
to implement the plan, and supplies such 
additional aids as conversion tables, sample 
memos, and sample publicity materials. A 
brief summary of the conversion program 
at the Hospital for Sick Children is given. 

Nurses Represented at 
Association Of Canadian Medical 
Colleges Meeting 

Ottawa. The Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation and the Canadian Conference of 
University Schools of Nursing were repre 
sented at the 25th annual meeting of the 
Association of Canadian Medical Colleges. 
Mrs. Lois Graham-Cumming, director, Re 
search and Advisory Services, CNA, and Dr. 
Margaret Hart, president of the CCUSN, 
were invited to be observers of the October 
3-5 meeting in the Skyline Hotel, Ottawa. 

In the opening address. Dr. G.M. Brown, 
chairman of the Medical Research Council, 
related the findings of the MRC survey of 
medical research in Canada. He said that an 
"unhealthy disparity" exists among research 
programs in Canadian medical schools. The 
two largest medical schools in Canada, Tor 
onto and McGill. do about 10 times as 
much research as the four smallest. Saskat 
chewan, Ottawa, Dalhousie, and Laval, he 
asserted. 

Other topics considered at the conference 
were how to expand the supply of Canadian 
medical graduates and the preparation of 
the medical student for his role in patient 
care. 

More Nursing Schools in Britain 
To Welcome Male Students 

London, England. - - According to an 
item in Nursing Times, Guy s Hospital in 
London will admit a small number of male 
student nurses next year. At present the only 
London teaching hospital to admit men to 
new classes is St. George s Hospital. 

The move to accept male students, in spite 
of long waiting lists of suitable female ap 
plicants, is suggested because men tend to 
stay in the profession longer than women, 
because there is greater acceptance of the 
idea that nursing is not solely a female pro 
fession and male nurses are needed, and be 
cause proportions in the birth rate are 
changing, says the article. 

(Continued on page 16) 

NOVEMBER 1967 




THE SECRET 
IS IN THE 






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THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 






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proves its smoothness 



NEW FORMULA ALCOJEL, with 
added lubricant and emollient, will 
not dry out the patient s skin 
or yours! 

ALCOJEL is the economical, modern, 
jelly form of rubbing alcohol. When 
applied to the skin, its slow flow 
ensures that it will not run off, drip 
or evaporate. You have ample time 
to control and spread it. 

ALCOJEL cools by evaporation . . . 
cleans, disinfects and firms the skin. 

Your patients will enjoy the 
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16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



(Continued from page 15) 

Live Sabin Polio Vaccine 
Replaces Salk in BC 

Victoria. Since August 1, 1967, the 
free distribution in British Columbia of Sa 
bin live oral vaccine for the prevention of 
paralytic poliomyelitis has completely re 
placed that of Salk vaccine. 

The Sabin live oral vaccine, introduced 
in 1962, has been shown in studies in the 
United States and Canada to produce a 
higher and more lasting level of antibodies 
than Salk vaccine, which uses killed polio 
virus. 

Salk vaccine had been used in British Co 
lumbia since 1955. 

Symposium on Sex Education 
For Educators and Counselors 

Toronto. Physicians and nurses can 
play an important role in family life educa 
tion through teacher training, through pre 
sentation of workshops, and through long- 
range planning for sex education programs, 
Dr. C. Bruce Hatfield, Calgary Internist, 
told the Symposium on Family Life Educa 
tion meeting here. The one-day meeting, 
held September 23, was sponsored by Ortho 
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. 

Doctors, nurses, lawyers, ministers, social 
workers, and teachers should work together 
to plan sex education programs, he said. A 
well-prepared program may help people - 
teenagers and adults alike to consider 
sexual relationship as an important expres 
sion of emotion. 

Dr. Hatfield told the audience that only 
recently has the physician begun to realize 
that marital conflict and maladjustment play 
an extremely important role in the ailments 
of the office patient. 

"Ideally," he said, "physicians and nurses 
should receive training in family living as 
part of undergraduate education." Doctors 
and nurses have a responsibility to encour 
age curriculum changes and adequate in 
struction in human sexuality at graduate and 
postgraduale levels, he advised. 

Other speakers also stressed the total 
community approach, through home, church, 
medical profession, and school. Some 3000 
educators, doctors, nurses, clergymen, and 
social workers attended the symposium. 

"Filling station homes," where families ar 
rive only for meals and parents are too busy 
to communicate, frequently lead to the 
children having babies out of wedlock, Sis 
ter Cabrini told the symposium. The home, 
with its unique ability to make children feel 
wanted, and to initiate a continuous educa 
tion toward responsibility in marriage, is a 
crucial factor in family life education, she 
said. 

(Continued on page 18) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



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news 



(Continued from page 16) 

Sister Cabrini, director of the Pineview 
Maternity Home, in Edmonton, said that in 
the past two years increasing numbers of 
teenage fathers, as well as teenage mothers, 
have been seeking counseling advice. 

There has been a great deal of talk about 
sex in recent years, but there has been no 
great change in sexual behavior over the 
years, Dr. Mary S. Calderone, executive di 
rector. Sex Information and Education 
Council of the United States, told the group. 
Attitudes toward sex have been changing 
and "social science observers theorize that 
as of now we are at the moment of change," 
she said. "Behavior is about to conform to 
the changed attitudes." 

We have no choice about providing child 
ren with sex education, she claimed, because 
they are getting it already "from numberless 
sources around them." 

"Our choice cannot be shall we or shan t 
we but what kind? how? when? where? 
and particularly, to what goals?" 

Dr. Calderone urged: increased research 
into human sexual behavior; sharing of the 
implications of this research among as many 
elements of society as possible; encourage 
ment of discussion of sexuality and sexual 



behavior in the same composed and object 
ive fashion as other human phenomena; in 
creased awareness of mechanisms of child 
development and help from society for 
children needing sexual adjustment; univers 
al recognition of the complexities of the re 
lations between the sexes; understanding that 
the sexual revolution is taking place along 
with many forms of social change racial, 
socioeconomic. and others and that the 
relationships of sex need careful considera 
tion by religions; gaining cooperation of 
young people in society s efforts to deal with 
the entire problem. 

BC Alters Policies 

On National Health Grants 

Vancouver. The British Columbia pro 
vincial government has modified its policies 
in relation to National Health Grant Bursa 
ries at the request of the Registered Nurses 
Association of B.C., Nan Kennedy, director 
of education services, RNABC, told other 
provincial nursing educators at a meeting in 
Ottawa in September. The service commit 
ment has been altered and the RNABC was 
given permission to sponsor applicants. 

The change in policy was supported by the 
Council of Hospitals with School of Nursing. 

The length of the service commitment was 
shortened. Two years of service with the 
sponsoring agency is required for a one-year 
bursary; after that only one year of service 
for each additional year of financial sup 



port. The previous commitment was three 
years of service for each year of support and 
this meant that the nurse could be tied to an 
organization for several years. Consequently, 
in the past, available funds have not been 
fully utilized for professional education be 
cause of a lack of suitable applicants. It is ex 
pected that more candidates will apply now. 

Because the RNABC can now sponsor 
candidates, the sponsored nurses are not re 
quired to return to a specific agency, but 
can go anywhere in the province. This is an 
advantage both to the candidate and to the 
province, Miss Kennedy believes. "It pre 
vents a nurse from having to remain in a 
position for which she now may be over- 
prepared, and it also prevents the urban 
areas, which are more likely to be in a posi 
tion to sponsor candidates, from tying up 
all the applicants," she said. 

Four RNABC-sponsored nurses were 
granted bursaries for the 1967-1968 year, she 
reported. One is studying for a doctoral degree 
in education, one for a master s degree in 
education, and two for their B.Sc.N. degrees. 

New Electronic System 

Aims To Decrease Hospital Costs 

Wilmette, Illinois. A new electronic 
system for hospitals has been developed by 
Dukane Corporation. The system, called 
"Servo-Communications," is designed to con 
serve time of hospital personnel, and there- 
(Continued on pai>e 20) 



MOVING? 



MARRIED? 



All correspondence to THE CANADIAN NURSE 
should be accompanied by our most recent 
address label or imprint. (Attach in space pro 
vided at right.) 

ARE YOU 

Q| Receiving duplicate copies? 

Q Actively registered with more than one pro 
vincial nurses association? 




WISH AN ADJUSTMENT? 



I 



ATTACH CURRENT LABEL or IMPRINT HERE | 

to be assured of 



accurate, fast service 



PRINT NEW NAME and or ADDRESS BELOW 



permarvent reg. no. 
permanent reg. no. 



provincial association 
provincial association 



Miss/Mrs. 
Sister/Mr. 



city 



name (please print) 
street address 



province 



Transferring registration from one provincial 
nurses association to another? 

FROM: 



TO: 



provincial ass n. permanent reg. no. 



provincial ass n. permanent reg. no. 



OTHER ADJUSTMENT REQUESTED: 



PLEASE ALLOW SIX WEEKS FOR PROCESSING 
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The Canadian Nurse cannot guarantee back copies 
unless change or interruption in delivery is reported 
within six weeks! 

ADDRESS ALL INQUIRIES TO: 

The Canadian Nurse, Circulation Dept. 

50 The Driveway 

Ottawa 4, Canada 



18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 




soft testimony to your patients comfort 

Your own hands are testimony to Dermassage s effectiveness. Applied by your 
soft, practiced hands, Dermassage alleviates your patient s minor skin irritations 
and discomfort. It adds a welcome, soothing touch to tender, sheet-burned 
skin; relieves dryness, itching and cracking . . . aids in preventing decubitus 
ulcers. In short, Dermassage is "the topical tranquilizer". . . it relaxes the patient 
. . . helps make his hospital stay more pleasant. 

You will like Dermassage for other reasons, too. A body rub with it saves your time 
and energy. Massage is gentle, smooth and fast. You needn t follow-up with 
talcum and there is no greasiness to clean away. It won t stain or soil linens or 
bed-clothes. You can easily make friends with Dermassage send for a sample! 

Now available in new, 16 ounce plastic container with convenient flip-top closure. 




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NOVEMBER 1967 




LAKESIDE LABORATORIES (CANADA) LTD. 
64 Colgate Avenue Toronto 8, Ontario 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 



news 



(Continued from page 18) 

by contribute to optimum care for patients. 

"Servo-Communications" combines all 
major hospital communication and time con 
trol systems serving patients, doctors, nurses, 
administrators, and departments into a con 
solidated system, which incorporates all wir 
ing in a single installation with just one 
major conduit. 

The new system is designed to increase 
the number of effective man-hours of most 



employees, and thereby reduce the spiraling 
costs of patient care. According to the Du- 
kane corporation, manufacturers of the new 
system, salaries now represent approximately 
65 percent of the total operating cost of 
health care facilities, and the number of 
hospital employees per patient is approxi 
mately 2.5 to 1. 

The electronic concept encompasses va 
rious types of nurse-call equipment; several 
specialized intercoms; public address facili 
ties; private automatic telephone networks; 
room, corridor, and area light signalling sys 
tems; and synchronized clocks. 

A manually-operated register system indi 
cates the presence of a hospital staff mem- 



TO PLAN FOR A LIFETIME 








> 



Marriage is a responsibility that often re- Nurses are invited to use the coupon below 
quires both spiritual and medical assistance to order copies for use as on aid in coun- 
from professional people. In many instances selling. They will be supplied by Mead John- 



a nurse may be called upon for medical 
counsel for the newly married young wo 
man, mother, or a mature woman. 

"To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your Doc 
tor" is a pamphlet that was written to assist 
in preparing a woman for patient-physician 
discussion of family planning methods. The 
booklet stresses the importance to the indi 
vidual of selecting the method that most 
suits her religious, medical, and psychological 
needs. 



son Laboratories as a free service. 




LABOR ATO R I E S 



~\ 



ORDER FORM To: Mead Johnson Laboratories, 

95 St. Clair Avenue West, 
Toronto 7, Ontario. 

Please iond copies of "To Plan For A Lifetime, Plan With Your I 

Doctor" to: 

Name 

Address 



ber on an illuminated name plate by a 
steady light, and a waiting message by a 
flashing light. 

To speed up admissions and reduce statis 
tical work, visual status indicator panels in 
admissions and housekeeping offices reveal 
whether each room or bed is "occupied," 
"unoccupied," or "available." 

Other electronic functions include pillow 
speaker units, each with a nurse call button, 
TV, radio and room light controls; central 
telephone dictation; elapsed time indicators; 
multi-channel radio, TV signal distribution 




20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Nurse operates one component of the Servo- 
Communications network a nurse-call 
system expandable to 100 station capacity. 

and receivers, and educational closed cir 
cuit and video tape accommodations. 

New fathers are catered to by a foot 
switch of a special intercom in the nursery 
that can broadcast the new baby s voice to 
the visitors gallery. 

Parkinson s Disease 
Association Grows 

Toronto. New social groups of pa 
tients afflicted with Parkinson s Disease re 
cently have been formed in Montreal, Van 
couver and Winnipeg. The groups are affi 
liated with the Canadian Parkinson s Disease 
Association Association Canadienne du 
Parkinson. 

Marcel Latouche, president of the new 
Montreal group, told the first meeting that 
the voluntary association was formed to 
aid some 5000 Quebec sufferers, of whom 
3000 live in the Montreal region. 

The national association was incorporated 
under the Federal Corporations Act in April 
1965. It is the result of a merger of two 
Toronto groups that were interested in pa 
tients suffering from the chronic nervous 
disease. 

According to Charles S.M. Mortimer, 
chairman of the Association, the basic ob 
jectives of the group are to assist in the 
formation of social groups of Parkinson s 
patients in communities across Canada; to 
assist in the provision of supplementary 
technical services and facilities to members 
of the medical profession as required by 
local circumstances; and, over the longer 
term and when funds are available on a 
continuing basis, to assist in the financing of 
basic research. D 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Todays teenagers: 

the emotional ravages 

of acne may now be a 

thing of the past 




The tragedy of acne touches all of us, either 
personally or through friends. Acne is the 
curse of growing up, the heritage of puber 
ty, an extra cross to bear through years of 
emotional change and insecurity. Every 
year it scars thousands of adolescents, many 
of them for life. 

Some learn to live with acne blemishes. 
Some don t, because acne can affect psy 
chological development, too. It can choke 
confidence, cause embarrassment and self- 
consciousness. 

Teachers know that the popular and out 
going student, the one who has interests 
outside of class, is a better student and will 
probably earn better marks. But the acne 
sufferers tend to avoid dates. They are 
reluctant to "show their faces". The result 
is a loss of confidence. 

Now this may all be changed. Recent 



research has developed a chemical com 
bination that works effectively in clearing 
acne-ridden skin. Clinical studies indicate 
that about eight out of every ten acne cases 
can be either completely cleared or sub 
stantially improved. For a long time, this 
compound was available only in the clinics 
where the research was taking place. But 
now it is commercially available, although 
it can be used only under a doctor s direc 
tion and is obtainable only under pre 
scription. 

The point is simple and obvious. Now acne 
sufferers need not "grow out of" acne. If 
you have acne, see your doctor. If you 
know someone who has acne, tell him to 
see his doctor. Now there is effective 
treatment. 

published as a public service by Frank W. 
Horner Limited. 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



names 




The New Brunswick Association of Re 
gistered Nurses has awarded a $3000 bur 
sary to Anne D. Thorne of Saint John, New 
Brunswick. 

Miss Thorne, a graduate of the Saint 
John General Hospital School of Nursing, 
holds a B.Sc.N. from McGill University. 
She is a past president of the NBARN, and 
is presently associate director of nursing 
education at the Saint John General Hos 
pital. 

Miss Thorne will attend Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University, New York, for 
a master s degree in nursing education. 

Kathleen S. Willett 
has joined the faculty 
of the University of 
Saskatchewan School 
of Nursing as lectu 
rer. 

A graduate of the 
Ottawa Civic Hospi 
tal, Mrs. Willett ob 
tained a diploma in 

administration of hospital nursing service 
from the University of Saskatchewan. She 
received a bachelor of nursing degree from 
McGill University this year. 

After working as a general duty nurse at 
St. Eugene Hospital, Cranbrook, British 
Columbia, she became nursing services su 
pervisor at Victoria Union Hospital in 
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Before at 
tending McGill, she was consultant for the 
North Central Regional Hospital Council in 
Prince Albert. 

Helen M. Gemeroy 
has been appointed 
psychiatric nursing 
consultant with the 
World Health Organ 
ization at the Institute 
of Neurology and Psy 
chology, University of 
r Taiwan. This will be 
- her second visit to the 
Orient. In September, 1966, she spent twelve 
weeks touring Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, 
Malaysia, Singapore, India, and Ceylon, 
sponsored by the educational fellowship of 
the WHO. 

For the past seven years she has been 
assistant director of nursing, Allan Memorial 
Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, Mont 
real, and since 1964 has been associate pro 
fessor at the School for Graduate Nurses, 
McGill University. 

Mrs. Gemeroy has contributed greatly to 
the improvement of the care of the men 
tally ill and to the promotion of mental 

22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




hygiene. In 1943, while assistant supervisor 
of nursing at The Allan Memorial Institute, 
she designed and taught the first psychiatric 
nursing program for students of the Royal 
Victoria School of Nursing. 

From 1948 to 1954 she was employed as 
a social worker in the guidance clinic ser 
vice of the Division of Mental Health for 
the Alberta Provincial Government. She 
has conducted workshops in mental health 
and psychiatric nursing in Alberta, Saskat 
chewan, and Quebec. She also has served 
on the executive of the Canadian Confer 
ence of University Schools of Nursing; as 
a member of the Scientific Planning Com 
mittee, Canadian Mental Health Associa 
tion; and as a member of the working party 
on building standards for mental health 
facilities, Hospital Design Division, De 
partment of National Health and Welfare. 

Her present interest in the East was 
sparked by the increasing numbers of 
Oriental students participating in the gra 
duate nursing program at McGill Univer 
sity. She found that many students who have 
received a western education are discourag 
ed at the slow rate of change in their na 
tive countries. 

According to the Montreal Star, Mrs. 
Gemeroy s objective at the University of 
Taiwan will be "to assess the mental health 
and psychiatric nursing programs there and 
determine whether further assistance is 
needed from WHO." Her future plans in 
clude "developing nursing and community 
health services that is in strengthening 
the link between hospital services and ser 
vices offered within the community by or 
ganizations like the VON." 

RaKno M. Beamish 

recently retired from 
the position of direc 
tor of nursing at the 
Kitchener - Waterloo 
General Hospital. 

Miss Beamish grad 
uated from Toronto 
Western Hospital in 
1919, and took post 
graduate studies at McGill University, 
Montreal, and at the College of Hospital 
Administrators in Chicago, Illinois. Her 
wide and varied nursing experience includ 
ed six months of public health nursing, two 
years private duty nursing, four years teach 
ing and four years supervision. At Toron 
to Western Hospital, she was assistant su 
perintendent of nurses for 10 years. She 
then spent three years as superintendent of 
Owen Sound Hospital, 10 years as super 
intendent of the Sarnia General Hospital 
and the past 12 years as the director of 




nursing at the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital. 

Miss Beamish s genuine interest, ability 
and leadership in nursing have contributed 
greatly to the profession and its related or 
ganizations. She has served as president of 
the Toronto Western Hospital Alumnae; 
chairman of the Nurse Education Section, 
R.N.A.O.; chairman of District No. 5, 
R.N.A.O.; chairman of a committee to study 
standards of nursing procedures, and presi 
dent of the Registered Nurses Association 
of Ontario. 

From 1932 to 1956, Miss Beamish was 
on the Board of Directors of the Ontario 
Hospital Association, and in 1950-51 was 
on the Board of Directors of the Canadian 
Nurses Association. She was a member of 
the Ontario Health Survey Committee from 
1948 to 1949. As a representative of the 
R.N.A.O., she was appointed to the Advi 
sory Board, Faculty of Nursing, University 
of Western Ontario in 1952, and in 1953 
to the board of the East Windsor Hospital. 

While in Sarnia she was a member of 
the Advisory Committee of the Victorian 
Order of Nurses, the Cerebral Palsy So 
ciety, and the Cancer Society Educational 
Program. In 1952 she became the first pre 
sident of the Sarnia Zonta International 
Club, a position she held until 1954. 

In 1954-1955, Miss Beamish conducted a 
pilot survey on rehabilitation in the three 
counties in Ontario. In 1965, she received 
a fellowship in the Royal Society of 
Health. She was named "Woman of the 
Year, for outstanding service in the com 
munity," twice during her career. 

Prior to her retirement, the Board of Di 
rectors of the Kitchener-Waterloo Hospital 
set aside "Rahno Beamish Day" in her 
honor, at which time many distinguished 
guests and friends from all over the prov 
ince gathered to express their high esteem 
for this dedicated nurse. 

Christene Miller, a 

high school nurse in 
Knowlton, Quebec, re 
cently was awarded 
the Fellowship of the 
American School 
Health Association. 
Included among the 
qualifications for this 
honor are academic 
and professional degrees and special effi 
ciency in school health work. 

Miss Miller is a graduate of the Sher- 
brooke Hospital. She spent two years in 
private nursing before moving to the Mont 
real Neurological Institute where she re 
ceived a certificate in neurology and neuro- 
surgery from McGill University. At 

NOVEMBER 1967 





Shaughnessy Military Hospital she special 
ized in the treatment of tuberculosis and 
lung cancer. 

In 1948, she returned to the Eastern 
Townships to become nurse for 13 schools 
in Brome County, and from 1950 to 1960, 
held a similar position in Shefford County. 

Sister Margaret 
Mooney recently was 
appointed assistant 
professor and acting 
director of Queen s 
University School of 
Nursing, Kingston, 
Ontario. 

A graduate of the 
Hotel Dieu Hospital 
School of Nursing in Cornwall, she received 
a B.Sc.N. Ed. degree from the University of 
Ottawa in 1949. In 1963 St. Louis Uni 
versity granted her a M.N.Sc. degree in 
guidance and counseling, and she is pres 
ently working toward a M.Ed, degree at 
the University of Ottawa. 

Sister Mooney was director of nursing 
at Hotel Dieu Hospital in Cornwall for 
four years and at the Hotel Dieu Hospital 
in Kingston for six years. She became as 
sistant director of the University of Otta 
wa School of Nursing in 1964, and in 1965 
moved to Kingston to become assistant 
professor at Queen s University. 

She assumed her present position in Sep 
tember 1, 1967. 

Joan C. Macdonald 

has been appointed di 
rector of the College 
of Nurses of Ontario, 
effective in June 1968 
when Miss Jean Watt, 
the present director, 
retires. 

A graduate of the 
School of Nursing, 
Toronto Western Hospital. Miss Macdonald 
earned a Bachelor of Nursing degree from 
McGill University, Montreal. She is present 
ly studying for a Master of Arts degree in 
Educational Administration at the Universi 
ty of Toronto. 

The education of nurses has been Miss 
Macdonald s chief interest. She has taught in 
several schools of nursing, including the 
Nightingale School in Toronto, and lectured 
at the McGill University School for Gra 
duate Nurses. She recently conducted, for 
the College of Nurses, a series of institutes 
for nurses to be employed as teaching assist 
ants in Ontario schools of nursing. 

For some years, Miss Macdonald was 
chairman of the Committee on Nursing 
Education of the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario. She has also been a rep 
resentative of the RNAO on the Council of 
the College of Nurses and a member of the 
Educational Advisory Committee of the Col 
lege. D 
NOVEMBER 1967 





Supp-hose 

-L JL u.,irAY5ER 



by*KAYSER 



THE SUPPORT STOCKING WOMEN RELY 
ON FOR COMFORT WITH A FASHION LOOK 



Supp-hose has steadily gained the loyalty of 
many Canadian women who buy it again and 
again because it provides the two factors 
wanted most in a support stocking: firm, two- 
way support that s attractively appropriate 
for street and dress wear. Recommend Supp- 
hose for a fashionable solution to mild vari- 



*Can. Pat. 570201 n.M.Rcg. 



cosities and leg fatigue among women who 
spend many hours daily on their feet: house 
wives, nurses, teachers, waitresses, salesclerks 
and hairdressers. Your patients will doubly 
appreciate all-nylon Supp-hose Regular for 
its long-lasting wear and economy. 

Supp-hose 1 Stockings 

*KAYSER 

fine products of ffi Kayser-Rolh of Canada 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Head Halter 

(F. LONGDON CO.) 

Description A head halter made of 
white nylon lined with flannelette designed 
to comfortably position the head of a pa 
tient sitting upright in a chair. Straps ex 
tending upward from a contoured chin 
strap can be adjusted to fit snugly over 
the head and are held in place by Velcro 
tape. Tie tapes fastened to either side of 
the halter hold the head in place by their 
attachment to the portion of the chair 
behind the patient s head. 

Although the method of attachment will 
vary with the type of chair used, there 
should always be a straight pull to give 
the support needed to keep the head up 
right. 

It may be purchased from: F. Longdon 
Co. (Canada) Ltd., 624 King Street West, 
Toronto 2B, Ontario. 






Robitussin-PE 

(ROBINS) 

Description Each 5 cc. teaspoontul of 
Robitussin contains 100 mg. glyceryl guaia- 

24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



colate and 10 mg. phenylephrine hydro- 
chloride. It is indicated for the temporary 
relief of nasal congestion and cough of the 
common cold, paranasal sinusitis, or other 
upper respiratory illnesses in which these 
symptoms occur. 

For further information write to A.H. 
Robins Company of Canada, Ltd. 5950 
Cote de Liesse, Montreal 9, Quebec. 

Aeroplast Dressing 

(PARKE-DAVIS) 

Description A sterile spray-on plastic 
bandage or protective surgical dressing that 
forms a tough, flexible, transparent, and 
vapor-permeable protective film. 

Indications Used over surgical 
wounds to prevent contamination and ex 
ternal friction. Prevents excoriation around 
ileostomies, colostomies, and fistulas. When 
applying the dressing for this purpose, a 
piece of cotton or gauze should be placed 
over the stoma or fistula before spraying 
Aeroplast Dressing over the adjacent skin 
area. It helps in the prevention and treat 
ment of pressure sores by protecting against 
friction. It has been used extensively for 
fastening of skin grafts, occlusion of severe 
burns, protection of openly reduced frac 
tures, friction .prevention under skin-tight 
casts, prevention of tape irritation, and 
avoidance of urine irritation after episio- 
tomy. 

For further information contact Parke, 
Davis & Company, Ltd., 5910 Cote de 
Liesse, Montreal 9, Quebec. 

Kleen Air 

(POSEY) 

Description An odorless, nontoxic 
deodorizer that stops odors arising from 
tobacco smoke, bed pans, bed wetting, and 
similar sickroom conditions. Kleen Air is 
effective 24 hours per day, for an entire 
year. To use, just remove cap and place 
container in any convenient location in the 
area to be deodorized. It has no wick or 
perfume spray action, but works automat 
ically when uncapped. 

Inquiries regarding this item or the 10- 
day trial period should be directed to your 
local equipment dealer, or to the J.T. Posey 
Company, 39 S. Santa Anita Avenue, Pasa 
dena, California 91107. 

Endocervical Aspirator 

(HOLLISTER) 

Description - - A pre-sterilized single- 
use individually packaged endocervical as 
pirator that collects exfoliative endocervical 
cells from the adult female for cytologic 



examination. Used as a supplement to the 
Papanicolaou Smear, this instrument enables 
earlier diagnosis of cervical and uterine 
cancer by collecting fresh, whole endocervi 
cal cells by a combination of suction and 
mechanical action. 

Procedure The doctor inserts the as 
pirator into the vagina through a vaginal 
speculum and the tip is positioned beyond 
the external cervical os. The obtruder is 
gently extended into the uterus and gathers 
a mucous specimen with minimal discom 
fort to the patient. 

Contraindications - - Endocervical aspir 
ations should not be carried out during 
known or suspected pregnancy. 

Additional information and samples may 
be obtained by writing, on professional 
letterhead, to Hollister Incorporated, 211 
East Chicago Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60611. 




Rheumanosticon 

(ORGANON) 

Description A simple, rapid slide test 
using fingertip blood for the identification 
of the rheumatoid factor, present in most 
cases of rheumatoid arthritis. All equipment 
required to perform a quick test on whole 
blood or serum is included in the Rheu 
manosticon kit. 

Rheumanosticon employs an agglutination 
procedure using polystyrene latex particles 
coated with a layer of adsorbed human 
gamma globulin. The rheumatoid factor 
present in blood or serum reacts with the 
coating material causing a visible agglu 
tination of the inert latex particles. This 
test may be carried out in the ward or 
in the laboratory. 

For further information write to: Diag 
nostic Products, Organon Inc., West Orange, 
New Jersey. 

Innovar 

(McNEIL) 

Description -- Innovar injection is best 
described as an adjunct to inhalation (gen 
eral) anesthesia or as a component of 
"balanced anesthesia." Results are obtained 
through the individual actions of its 
two components: Sublimaze (fentanyl) and 

NOVEMBER 1967 



new products 



Inapsine (droperidol). It produces an effect 
characterized by psychic detachment or 
dissociation and profound analgesia lasting 
well into the postoperative period. When 
used as an adjunct, Innovar contributes 
significantly to the intensification of at 
least two of the four basic requirements 
for ideal surgical anesthesia. It reduces 
neurophysiologic reflex activity, by virtue 
of the adrenergic-blocking action of drop 
eridol, and provides intense analgesia, the 
primary pharmaco-dynamic effect of fen- 
tanyl. 

Indications For use as an adjunct to 
nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthetic techniques 
in major and minor surgery. Because of 
its stabilizing effects on the cardiovascular 
system, the adjunctive use of Innovar is 
of particular use in geriatric, debilitated, 
and poor-risk patients, and good-risk pa 
tients undergoing protracted surgery. 

Precautions Care is recommended in 
using Innovar on patients with moderate 
to severe liver or renal impairment, intra- 
cranial space-occupying lesions, bronchial 
asthma, and respiratory or metabolic aci- 
dosis. It is not recommended for pregnant 



women. Respiratory depression is the most 
common side effect; muscular rigidity, 
laryngospasm, bronchospasm, reduced pul 
monary compliance, and/or apnea also may 
occur. Unusual sensitivity to Inapine or 
Sublimaze are the only contraindications. 
Such reactions have not been reported to 
date. 

For further information, contact: McNeil 
Laboratories (Canada) Limited, Don Mills. 
Ontario. 



Triaminic Expectorant 

(ANCA) 

Description A combined decongestant 
(triaminic) and expectorant (glyceryl guaia- 
colate) for relief of nasal congestion and 
cough-provoking postnasal drip. It helps res 
tore free breathing, soothes irritated respi 
ratory mucosa, and liquifies and loosens 
tenacious sputum. 

Indications For temporary relief of 
coughs and nasal congestion due to the 
common cold. 

Dosage Adults: 2 teaspoonfuls every 
four hours. Children six to twelve years: 1 
teaspoonful every four hours. Do not ex 
ceed four doses in 24 hours. 

Precautions Drowsiness, blurred vision, 
cardiac palpitations, flushing, dizziness, ner 



vousness or gastrointestinal upset may occur 
occasionally. Patient should be advised not 
to drive a car or operate dangerous machin 
ery if he feels drowsy. Use with caution 
in patients with hypertension, heart disease, 
diabetes, or thyrotoxicosis. For further in 
formation, write: Anca Laboratories, 1377 
Lawrence Ave.. E., Toronto, Ontario. 



Literature Available 

A four-page brochure on AEL Phono- 
catheters for cardiac and urological diag 
nosis is offered by American Electronic 
Laboratories, Inc. This booklet has been 
written to familiarize medical personnel with 
the characteristics and applications of these 
phonocatheters that employ a barium titan- 
ate cartridge as a sound-pickup in the cath 
eter tip. 

In addition to specifications of their 
three models, characteristics are given on 
AEL s Preamplifier that has been transis 
torized to give optimum results with the 
audio section of the AEL Catheters. Micro- 
phonics, commonly associated with high 
input impedance tube amplifiers are elimi 
nated through its use. 

This brochure is available by writing to 
American Electronic Laboratories, Inc., 
Biomedical Division, P.O. Box 552, Lands- 
dale. Pennsylvania 19446. U.S.A. Q 




CHASE 
HOSPITAL 
DOLLS 

For demonstrating and practicing the 
newest nursing techniques lavage and 
gavage tracheotomy and colostomy, 
and their post-operation care nasal 
and otic irrigations catheterization and 
all abdominal irrigations subcutane 
ous, intramuscular and intradermal injec 
tions and all standard nursing procedures. 
Let us tell you about the new features we 
have added to this world-famous teaching 
aid. Write to 

M. J. CHASE Co. Inc. 156 Broadway 
Pawtucket Rhode Island 



special products 
for patient care 



/ 



A.R.D. 

Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile, highly 
absorbent, lint free. Supplied 
in boxes of 24. 




SCOPETTES 

Proctologic and gynecologic 

rayon. Free of troublesome lint 
and wisps. Uniform cushion-end 
safeguards tissues. Tips secured 



FULLER SHIELD 

Protective dressing holds other 

staining of linens after pilonidal, 
proctologic or perineal surgery. 



with non-toxic vegetable glue. Adjustable sizes 24-48. 
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. Individually packaged. 



\A/ 



For samples write to: 



WIN LEY- MORRIS 



MONTREAL 



2795 BATES ROAD 
i ol Futlei Pharmaceutical Company. 



1MOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 25 



Work loads are increasing. Cost of living is going up. Attrition rates are rising. 
Recruitment is down and salaries are low. What are Canadian nurses doing 
about it? 



Ups 

and downs 

of 
economic 

progress 




Things do not get better by being 
left alone. Unless they are adjusted 
they explode with a shattering detona 
tion. Winston Churchill. 

Churchill s words aptly apply to 
the social and economic history of 
nurses in Canada. In past years, 
nurses have accepted, without overt 
opposition, salaries and working con 
ditions that have ignored their quali 
fications, experience, and responsibil 
ities. 

Nurses have come through several 
decades where it was believed unpro 
fessional to talk about or bargain for 
money; because of this they have 
slipped down the economic ladder, 
while other professional and occupa 
tional groups have climbed. 

Suddenly there has been "a shatter 
ing detonation." Headlines from coast 
to coast report such items as "CNA 
Supports Nurses Rights to Bargain," 
"Nurses Get Pay Hike Under First 
Contract," "Nurses Dispute Not Solv 
ed," "Nurses Threaten to Resign," 

Miss Rowsell is Nursing Consultant, Social 
and Economic Welfare, Canadian Nurses 
Association, Ottawa, Canada. 



26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Glenna Rowsell 



and "Battling Nurses Air Views." 
These are but a few of the reports 
from papers across the country. 

Overview 

What does it all mean? What has 
happened during the past two to three 
years to create this change? 

It appears that no one situation 
is the cause; the controversy has been 
simmering for a long time. Nurses 
have watched the considerable salary 
gains made by workers in industry 
and in other professions; they have 
found it increasingly difficult to live 
on salaries that have never been ad 
justed to meet the high cost of living 
in an affluent society; and they have 
grown discontent with the increased 
workload and poor working condi 
tions in hospitals and their effect on 
patient care. Also, nurses have begun 
to realize that as a profession they 
are responsible for the future of that 
profession, and that low economic 
status can be a determining factor in 
the recruitment of young people in a 
very competitive society. Low salaries 
and poor working conditions also de 
ter qualified nurses from remaining in 

NOVEMBER 1967 



nursing practice as they had planned. 
Across the nation, nurses salaries 
are still considerably lower than those 
of teachers and other professional 
groups who have similar post-high 
school education and experience. 

Concern of provincial associations 

In the past, nurses associations in 
each province assumed responsibil 
ity for social and economic welfare 
of members. They published recom 
mended personnel policies yearly and 
distributed them to employers of nurs 
es and to nurses themselves. The 
main objective was to provide nurses 
with employment standards that 
could be used to support negotiations 
for better working conditions. 

These policies brought about little 
change in the employment situation. 
Too frequently they were regarded 
merely as suggestions by employers, 
and ignored. The realization that 
other methods had to be used if 
change were to be effected brought 
about a revolution in the approaches 
to employment relations. 

Now, two provincial registered 
nurses associations have become rec 
ognized as official bargaining agents 
under the provincial Labour Rela 
tions Acts. One other provincial as 
sociation has initiated a voluntary 
negotiation plan whereby the associa 
tion employs a personnel consultant 
who advises and assists nursing 
groups when personnel policies are 
under discussion. The other provin 
cial associations advise and assist 
members through a special committee 
on employment relations, and have 
greatly increased their influence in 
this area. 

Six provincial associations now 
have a full-time employment relations 
officer who is fully conversant with 
federal and provincial legislation and 
who can promote social and econ 
omic welfare of members, advise re 
garding personnel policies, programs, 
and changes, and study complaints or 
problems in employment relations. 
Although there is no specific provi 
sion made for nurses under provincial 

NOVEMBER 1967 



labor relations legislation, the asso 
ciations are able to enter into vol 
untary collective negotiations with 
employers. However, under voluntary 
negotiations the employer is not com 
pelled to recognize the group as being 
representative of all nurses in his em 
ploy, nor does he have to listen to 
them. 

In provinces where nurses are ac 
tively engaged in collective bargain 
ing, increased understanding between 
nurses and their employers is grow 
ing. Nurses also have a greater feeling 
of security knowing that they have a 
voice in planning their working con 
ditions. 

Because the approaches differ from 
province to province, and show inter 
esting characteristics, they will be dis 
cussed individually. 

British Columbia 

The Registered Nurses Association 
of British Columbia initiated its em 
ployment relations program in 1942 
with a thorough study of employee- 
employer relations. The Association 
decided to make use of the Labour 
Relations Act of British Columbia 
and requested official recognition as 
bargaining agent for its members; this 
recognition was granted in 1946. It 
included the right to bargain for all 
graduate nurses below the level of as 
sistant director of nurses. 

Until 1959, the Association bar 
gained with individual employers 
(hospitals or agencies). It became in 
creasingly difficult to finalize agree 
ments with some hospitals because 
there was no assurance that the in 
creased staff budget would be ap 
proved by the provincial government, 
which paid the bills. As a result, the 
B.C. Hospital Association requested 
a meeting with the RNABC to dis 
cuss province-wide bargaining. The 
plan was approved, with the under 
standing that the RNABC bargain 
with a committee of the B.C. Hos 
pital Association. 

Today, the RNABC is certified as 
the bargaining authority for 78 
groups of nurses employed by 62 hos 



pitals, 13 public health agencies, 1 in 
dustry, 1 doctor s clinic, and 1 medi 
cal insurance agency. 

Province-wide bargaining with the 
B.C. Hospital Association is conduc 
ted for nurses employed by hospitals. 
The province is divided into eight 
hospital regions and the staff repre 
sentatives in each region choose one 
of their number to be a member of 
the Provincial Bargaining Committee. 
The Hospital Association chooses a 
similar committee and these two com 
mittees negotiate agreements for all 
hospitals concerned. Victorian Order 
of Nurses agreements are negotiated 
on a group basis; all other agreements 
are with individual employers. 

A Iberta 

Alberta s nurses became actively 
engaged in collective bargaining in the 
early 1960s. 

In 1962 the Alberta Association of 
Registered Nurses passed a resolution 
that when and wherever three or 
more nurses are employed, regardless 
of category, a staff nurses association 
recognized by administration could be 
formed. 

In 1964, the AARN and the Al 
berta Hospital Association were un 
able to reach an agreement on mu 
tually recommended salary sched 
ules and personnel policies for their 
respective members. Consequently, 
separate recommendations were pub 
lished. The salaries recommended 
showed wide variations between hos 
pitals and this was generally con 
sidered to be unfair. 

Changes in the Registered Nurses 
Act, passed by the provincial legis 
lature in April 1966, provide that the 
AARN, when requested to do so by 
a majority of a group of members, 
may act as a bargaining agent under 
the Alberta Labour Act on behalf of 
the group of members. 

There are now 53 staff nurse as 
sociations formed in hospitals and 
health agencies in the province. Four 
of these have the AARN as certified 
bargaining agent; eight others are cer 
tified as individual bargaining units; 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



the remaining 38 are recognized on a 
voluntary basis. Negotiations have 
been carried out on both individual 
and group bases on behalf of nurses 
employed in hospitals. 

Public health nurses also are show 
ing increased interest in collective 
bargaining, and staff nurses associa 
tions have been organized for these 
agencies. Some have been certified 
and two contracts have been signed. 

The Alberta Hospital Association 
has recommended to the AARN that 
they get together on province-wide 
bargaining. In 1967, it was the opin 
ion of nurses that it was not to their 
advantage to do so, but in 1968 the 
nurses of Alberta again will discuss 
this proposal. 

Saskatchewan 

In 1964, the Saskatchewan Regis 
tered Nurses Association, at the re 
quest of its membership, established 
a special committee to study the pros 
and cons of collective bargaining for 
nurses in the province. 

Although the Trade Union Act was 
amended in June 1966 and permits 
the SRNA to act on behalf of its 
members in work and wage disputes, 
the Association decided to seek its 
own legislation for nurses. It is be 
lieved that a special Bill on collective 
bargaining for nurses would be better 
suited to the objectives of the pro 
fessional association. A brief was sub 
mitted to the Minister of Public Health 
concerning the Association s decision 
to move into collective bargaining and 
asking for the necessary changes in 
legislation and the SRNA is presently 
working on a draft bill. 

The SRNA, after a ballot vote by 
members, also has asked for collec 
tive bargaining rights on behalf of 
nursing assistants. 

Manitoba 

The Maitoba Association of Regis 
tered Nurses has proposed employment 
standards for 1968 and is now pre 
pared to act as bargaining agent for 
groups of registered nurses. MARN 
will negotiate either on a voluntary 
basis, or, if necessary, apply for cer- 

28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



tification under the existing Labour 
Relations Act. Under this Act, no 
person in a management position can 
be part of the group; at present, then, 
assistant directors of nursing or those 
in higher positions cannot join bar 
gaining groups. 

It is expected that by the spring 
of 1968, MARN will be actively in 
volved in collective bargaining. Staff 
nurse associations are being formed 
at the present time. 

Ontario 

In 1965, following a test case in 
which the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario was prevented from 
acting on behalf of a public health 
group, the Association presented a 
proposed Nurses Collective Bargaining 
Act to the Ontario Cabinet. To date 
this Act has not been presented to 
the Legislature. The RNAO believes 
that there are disadvantages in the pre 
sent Labour Relations Act under which 
its members must function; one of the 
most important is the composition of 
the bargaining unit as defined by the 
Act. The Association has been given 
to understand by the Minister of 
Health that either the special nurses 
Act will be considered in the Legis 
lative Assembly or the Labour Rela 
tions Act will be amended to make 
it more suitable for professional 
groups. 

Meanwhile, the RNAO is assisting 
staff nurse associations to organize 
and negotiate individual contracts with 
hospitals and public health units. Some 
of these agreements are negotiated on 
a voluntary basis, others through cer 
tification. As of June, 1967, more than 
30 local nurses associations have been 
organized; many have been certified, 
others have achieved voluntary rec 
ognition. Contracts have been signed 
by nurses in hospitals and public 
health units, and many are in the 
process of negotiation. 

Quebec 

The Labour Code of Quebec re 
quires that individuals have the right 
of free association; each individual 
must be able to belong to the associa 



tion of his choice regarding labor 
relations activities. Therefore, the As 
sociation of Nurses of the Province 
of Quebec in its present structure is 
ineligible as a bargaining group be 
cause its membership includes both 
employee and management (supervi 
sory) groups. 

In the Act respecting the Association 
of Nurses of the Province of Quebec, 
1946, provision is made for each local 
association to negotiate, conclude, 
and sign as agent and proxy col 
lective contracts or agreements in the 
name of any group of members of the 
local association residing and practicing 
in the territorial jurisdiction. 

This right was not used until late 
in 1966 when the English Chapter, 
District 11 of the ANPQ, organized 
the United Nurses of Montreal. At 
present, staff nurse associations are 
being certified and collective bargain 
ing is in process in some units. 

Three other syndicats or organiza 
tions also bargain for nurses in Que 
bec. In the Quebec City area an inde 
pendent Catholic Nurses Association 
known as SPIC (Syndicats profession- 
nels des infirmieres catholiques) con 
tracts with hospitals on behalf of ap 
proximately 3,400 nurses. About 3,000 
French-speaking nurses in Montreal 
area belong to 1 Alliance des Infirmie 
res, an affiliate of the Confederation 
of National Trade Unions (CNTU) 
and are included in one agreement. A 
second group of English-speaking 
nurses, known as the Metropolitan 
Association of Nurses of Montreal, has 
organized for purposes of collective 
bargaining; it consists mainly of nurs 
es from the Jewish General Hospital. 

New Brunswick 

At present, nurses in New Bruns 
wick are excluded from the Labour 
Relations Act. 

Early in 1966, the provincial leg 
islature invited briefs on possible 
changes to the Labour Relations Act. 
The New Brunswick Association of 
Registered Nurses submitted a brief 
asking for the removal of the clause 
that prohibits nurses from bargaining 
collectively. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



A second brief was submitted by the 
NBARN to the Royal Commission on 
Collective Bargaining and the Public 
Service. Six recommendations were 
made to this Commission: 1. that nurs 
es be given collective bargaining rights 
under legislation; 2. that negotiations 
take place directly with the provincial 
government; 3. that the provincial gov 
ernment be given the responsibility of 
enforcing any agreement signed; 4. 
that any deadlock in negotiations be 
settled by arbitration; 5. that the arbi 
tration be tried for a period of three 
years and if it is found to be unsat 
isfactory, nurses have the legal right 
to change arbitration procedures to 
work slow down; and 6. that a separate 
Act governing Labour Relations for 
Public Service Personnel be incor 
porated. 

The Select Committee of the Legis 
lature will not make its recommenda 
tions until it has studied the report 
of the Royal Commission on Collec 
tive Bargaining and the Public Service. 

Meanwhile, the NBARN has com 
pleted voluntary negotiations with the 
government for salaries and working 
conditions for nurses for 1967 and 
1968. 

Prince Edward Island 

Nurses in Prince Edward Island are 
excluded from the Industrial Relations 
Act. No action has been taken to date 
to seek amendments to the Act. 

The Association of Nurses of Prince 
Edward Island has initiated an inten 
sive education program to inform its 
members about collective bargaining. 
In 1968 it hopes to take the neces 
sary steps toward collective bargain 
ing. 

Nova Scotia 

Nurses in Nova Scotia have not yet 
become involved in collective bargain 
ing. If the members so desired, the 
Registered Nurses Association of 
Nova Scotia would be able to negotiate 
under the present Labour Relations 
Act. The Association is currently 
planning educational programs to in 
form its members on means of improv 
ing working conditions and salaries. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Newfoundland 

The Association of Registered Nurs 
es of Newfoundland negotiates directly 
with government for salary increases. 
A salary brief was presented to the 
Minister of Health in November 1966. 
As a result, the government recently 
approved a major increase in salary 
over a two-year period. The govern 
ment is in no way obligated to nego 
tiate with nurses. It in not known 
whether or not the Association could 
become certified under the present 
Labour Relations Act. 

The CNA Role 

Professional associations have, as a 
primary function, the maintenance and 
improvement of ethical and profes 
sional standards in education and ser 
vice. There is, however, no conflict 
between this goal and a firm stand on 
sound economic and social welfare for 
the members; in fact economic and 
social security is essential to maintain 
and improve standards of education 
and service. 

As long ago as 1944, the Canadian 
Nurses Association recognized this 
and approved the principle of collec 
tive bargaining as a means of aiding its 
members. 

The CNA recently changed its 
structure to provide for a strong and 
workable Social and Economic Wel 
fare Committee. It has also set up a 
Consultant service in this field, under 
the Research and Advisory Depart 
ment. Personnel assigned to this area 
are responsible for interpreting and 
administering the policies established 
by the membership and the Board of 
Directors. Services offered include con 
sultant service to provincial associa 
tions on specific problems, develop 
ment of educational programs, research 
and provision of data, and coordina 
tion of activities. 

The Social and Economic Welfare 
Committee, at its meeting in March, 
1967, proposed a national salary goal: 
$6,000 annually for beginning practi 
tioners graduating from a diploma 
program; and $6,600 annually for be 
ginning practitioners from a baccalau 
reate program in nursing. 



Salaries are not the only concern of 
the Committee. CNA is investigating 
and advising on superannuation bene 
fits, and has established the Canadian 
Nurses Association Retirement Plan. 
This pension plan allows either for 
employer-employee shared savings or 
for personal contributions from nurses 
who are self-employed or employed 
where there is no employer contribu 
tion available. The CNA also has gone 
on record as approving the principle 
of portable pension plans. 

The national association currently 
is preparing a brief for submission to 
the Royal Commission on the Status 
of Women. It is anticipated that this 
brief will comment on the lower 
salaries offered to women in positions 
of equal responsibility to men, pro 
pose revised taxation policies, advise 
establishment of day care centers to 
facilitate the employment of working 
mothers, and ask for stronger legis 
lation on maternity leave without loss 
of status or benefits. 

National office staff is collecting in 
formation on national employment 
standards such as fringe benefits, va 
cation, leave of absence. Provincial 
counterparts will be asked to com 
ment on these matters and recommen 
dations may be made by the committee 
at a later date. 

Bibliography 

Collective Action by Nurses to Improve 
Their Salaries and Working Conditions. 
Ottawa. Women s Bureau. Department of 
Labour, 1964. (Cat. No. L38-2064). 

Collective Bargaining Progress Report. 
RNAO News, May/June, 1967, p. 12-13. 

Employment Relations Officers Report. 
AARN Newsletter, March-April 1967, 
p.12. 

Guidelines Toward Social and Economic 
Welfare. Ottawa. Canadian Nurses Asso 
ciation, 1966. 

Hood. Evelyn E. Province-wide bargaining 
for nurses. Canad. Nurs. November 1961. 
p.1064-1065. 

Wheeler, Margaret M. Quebec nurses search 

for economic security. Canad. Nurs. vol. 

6, no. 4. April 1965, p.276. D 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



vis-a-vis 



Residence Living - 



"I hate living in this residence! I 
can hardly wait for the day when I 
can move out!" Has there ever been 
a student nurse who at some point 
has never uttered, in despairing tones, 
the above sentiment? Yet when given 
the choice, many students feel that 
advantages of living in residence far 
outweigh disadvantages, and gladly 
choose to live in the residence pro 
vided by their school of nursing. 

What are these advantages? One of 
the most important is financial. Sti 
pends given during the three years 
of training are small, and seldom ade 
quate to cover the cost of renting an 
apartment or house. When cost of 
food, utilities, and transportation to 
and from their hospital is added to 
rent, the cost of living out is too big 
a burden for most student nurses. 

In addition to a bed and three meals 
a day, living in residence provides 
students with a good transition from 
the almost complete dependence of 
living in their family home and the 
complete independence of living "on 
their own" after graduation. In resi 
dence there are no parents to get you 
up in the morning, see that you eat 
well-balanced meals, watch that you 
get enough sleep, and offer helpful 
advice on friends, love-lives, studies . . . 
ad infinitum. You have some inde 
pendence, yet many girls who come 
from a protective home environment, 
or those who have always lived in a 
small town, might find the sudden 
adjustment to being completely on 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



their own in a large city, as well as 
adjusting to the role of nursing, too 
much to cope with all at once. 

Most residences enforce a few rules, 
but despite the complaints of almost 
all student nurses, these are not really 
too restrictive. The rules state that you 
must be back in the residence by a 
certain hour at night, you must re 
port for work on time, you must be 
appropriately dressed when you are in 
the public eye, such as in the dining 
room and open lounges, and you must 
be quiet after a certain hour so that 
you do not disturb others who are 
sleeping or studying. All these rules 
make sense, and all are rules that we 
must impose upon ourselves when we 
are no longer within the safe walls of 
home or residence. Indeed, many of 
these rules can be found written in 
most apartment ieases. 

Within the limits of these rules, the 
student in residence is free to do what 
she wishes. If she chooses to stay up 
all night, or live on a steady diet 
of Coke and chocolate bars, or leave 
her assignments and studying to the 
last possible minute, she soon finds 
out for herself what the consequen 
ces are. Each student can establish her 
own habits of living, based on her 
own experience and not taken with 
blind faith from rules other have set. 

Another advantage of living in res 
idence is that it provides a milieu that 
is helpful in the transition from the 
"little girl" role of "the Smith s oldest 
daughter" to the more adult role of 




"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle 

"Miss Smith, student nurse." The end 
less discussion, evaluation, and general 
"rehashing" of the day s events is in 
valuable. Everyone living in residence 
shares the same experience, and all 
the well meant commiseration of lov 
ing relatives cannot replace "Yes, I 
know. That happened to me, too. Why 
not try this?" from a fellow student 
who s been through it before. Although 
sometimes you feel you eat, drink, 
breathe, and dream "nursing," this 
(Continued on page 32) 
NOVEMBER 1967 



Yes or No? 



At St. Paul s Hospital, Vancouver, student nurses may stay in residence or 

"live out" if they so desire. Two students debate the concept of residence living 

and bring out some interesting points. 



As a student nurse who has lived 
both in residence and at home, I feel 
that the advantages of living out far 
surpass those of living in a residence. 

By living out, the student nurse 
gains independence. In the hospital, 
student nurses are responsible for pa 
tients lives, but, ironical though it 
seems, are not considered mature 
enough to be responsible for their own 
lives. 

Also, in residence, one tends to 
lead a very narrow and restricted life. 
What else can be expected when one 
lives with over 300 girls and all are 
nurses? The main topic of conversa 
tion is nursing. One not only shares the 
same experiences on wards, but the 
same food, clothes, leisure time, and 
even, unfortunately, boyfriends. Nurs 
ing seems to become a 24-hour job. 

In contrast, the student who lives 
out must account to herself not 
only for preparing assignments and 
studying for exams, but also for the 
endless tasks of day-to-day living. Get 
ting to work on time, shopping, house 
keeping, and enforcement of self-dis 
cipline regarding social life, all com 
bine to challenge her resourcefulness 
and maturity. 

Living out, the student nurse has am 
ple opportunities to develop domestic 
talents, such as cooking. She may be 
an incipient gourmet or just prefer 
food plainly cooked, but whatever her 
likes and dislikes, she can prepare her 
meals accordingly, adding her own 
individual touches. Besides cooking, 

NOVEMBER 1967 



she soon becomes adept in the many 
aspects of housekeeping and therefore 
has several advantages over the student 
in residence. 

A particularly important problem, 
regardless of where the student lives, 
is that of study, either for examina 
tions or for assignments. The student 
nurse who lives out can devote her 
full attention to her studies without 
interference from other students or 
from the inevitable din associated with 
a residence. 

Socially, the student nurse who lives 
out fares much better than her class 
mates in residence. Gone is the ever- 
present worry of "being in on time" 
and of incurring an "infraction" for 
being late. Furthermore, she has the 
privilege of entertaining her friends 
and relatives, reciprocating their many 
invitations quite casually in the 
warmth and informal atmosphere of 
her own home, without standing on 
ceremony or worrying whether some 
one else is using the lounge. 

Certainly, a pleasant aspect of living 
out is the use to which the student 
puts her leisure time. A chance to 
pursue hobbies or just to relax with 
out interruption is a marvellous relief 
and a mental rest from the constant 
saturation of nursing found in resi 
dence living. The student returns to 
her work refreshed, eager, and rested. 

In residence, the lack of privacy, 
the frustration of waiting for a phone 
call, the same pallid institutionalized 
meals, and the crescendo of noise 




"No", says Irene Daykin 

coming from the halls when one is 
trying to study or sleep are ceaseless 
annoyances. The student nurse who 
lives out can reap the benefit, without 
having to compete with her classmates, 
of many small pleasures: watching a 
favorite television program, reading the 
newspaper, listening to the radio, or 
playing the latest hit record. Let s not 
mention losing a date because the only 
telephone on the floor was so busy that 
the caller gave up in exasperation! 

(Continued on pane 32) 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 




"Yes", says Mary Ellen Doyle 



atmosphere makes the adjustment in 
volved in learning to be a nurse much 
easier. 

Close, lasting relationships formed 
in residence are another result of this 
sharing of experiences. Not only do 
you share problems but also food, 
leisure time, dates, and the wild in 
sanities that generally come under the 
heading of "letting off steam." 
Through the constant sharing of daily 
life experiences, you learn more than 
just the surface faults and virtues of 
those you choose as your friends, so 
that by the end of training most stu 
dents have formed a few strong friend 
ships, based on knowledge of the true 
person, that will last for many years. 

Aside from forming deep friend 
ships, living in close daily contact with 
others gives the student a wider under 
standing of the differences in points of 
view and modes of life. During grade 



school and high school years, most 
girls attend schools in which the major 
ity of students come from homes of 
the same social level, and share simi 
lar backgrounds. In residence, the stu 
dent meets and gets to know girls 
whose outlook and background are 
entirely different from her own. She 
learns to be tolerant of what she can 
not accept, and finds that she must 
review her own philosophy of life, 
often discovering that things she had 
always accepted as fact may not be 
fact at all, but an assumption she never 
bothered to question. 

A seemingly trivial, but nonetheless 
very real and valuable asset of living 
in residence, is the involvement in social 
activities that are available to the stu 
dent living in residence. Students need 
a well-rounded life, and meeting and 
dating the opposite sex is a part of 
the life of, most young adults. For a 



girl who comes to a new city for her 
training, meeting fellows could be very 
difficult if it were not for the parties 
and exchanges that are sponsored by 
the residence, or the fact that some 
one is always looking for a blind date 
for one of her boyfriend s pals. 

I am a student nearing the end of 
my third year of training. I lived in 
residence for two and one half years, 
and have been living in an apartment 
with three other student nurses for the 
past six months. I do not regret having 
moved out of residence before the end 
of my training, as I feel that many of 
the benefits of residence living are no 
longer benefits at this stage of my 
life. However, I feel that my exper 
ience of living in residence was of 
great value, and I would recommend 
that any student entering nursing 
should spend at least the initial part of 
her training living in residence. D 



"No", says Irene Daykin 



A considerable advantage for the 
student living out is the complete 
change of environment that she exper 
iences twice a day when she leaves 
her home for the hospital and again, 
after work, returns home. The girl in 
residence has no excuse to go out, even 
for days at a time. Most of the neces 
sities of living are made available and 
there is no need for her to leave the 
residence. Residence and hospital often 
are connected by a tunnel or overpass 
and the student walks to and from 
work wUhout even a breath of fresh 
air. As even nursing students know, 
fresh air and exercise make for a 

32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



healthier and happier existence! 

When living out, the student nurse 
avoids the overly sympathetic atmos 
phere of an environment that is con 
tinually nursing-oriented. The shared 
self-pity of her fellow nurse is just 
not there. She discovers that friends 
and relatives listen to her escapades 
at the hospital with amused tolerance 
rather than with the commiseration 
she had desired. They may even be 
bored with her tales. She realizes then 
that tensions and problems are not the 
exclusive right of student nurses, but 
that they occur in every walk of life, 
from her father s business to her boy 



friend s university exams. 

Living out prepares the student for 
the inevitable transition to the role of 
a graduate nurse. With the previous 
experience of living out, the student 
will not have to make such a radical 
adjustment upon graduation as the 
student who lived in residence. 

By living out, the student becomes 
much more aware of the community 
and the world about her. She discovers 
that nursing is itself enriched and more 
rewarding because she is involved 
with friends, family, hobbies, and in 
terests outside the hospital. D 

NOVEMBER 1967 




Ravi was born at the Lady Elgin 
Hospital, Jabulpur, India, early in the 
morning of June 15, 1965. He weighed 
three pounds two ounces and measur 
ed 17 inches at birth, having complet 
ed a gestation period of barely 28 
weeks. He remained with me in hos 
pital for 10 days and then was dis 
charged home where my husband and 
I cared for him under the supervision 
of a pediatrician. 

A normal delivery 

It is impossible to state the exact 
cause of Ravi s prematurity. It seems 
likely that it was brought about by a 
combination of several factors, with 
the precipitating one being the severe 
heat immediately preceding his birth. 
During this period, the temperature in 
the area reached 115F. Because of 
this heat, my appetite diminished and 
I suffered severe fluid loss through 
perspiration. 

My obstetrician examined me at this 
time and said that my baby seemed 
healthy, although rather small. Since 
my blood pressure had dropped to 80/ 
65, she placed me on medications and 
ordered modified bedrest. In spite of 
this care, my labor began and pro 
gressed normally. 

In India, analgesics are given dur 
ing childbirth only if the labor is 
abnormal. Consequently, I received 
none. To relax, I practiced the various 
breathing techniques that I had learned 
as a student at the University of To 
ronto and found them to be of con- 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Home care of Ravi 
- a premature infant 



The author, a former Canadian nurse, found her nursing textbooks of little help 
when faced with the problem of caring for her own premature infant in 
Jabalpur, India. 



Madhuri Ruth Pandya 

siderable help. The doctor assisted 
with the delivery only during the late 
second stage. The baby was born in 
the normal position and uttered a loud 
cry even before he reached the deliv 
ery table. 

At birth, Ravi appeared to be nor 
mal, but thin and tiny. He was an 
active baby and cried and kicked vig 
orously while being given the usual 
care. He showed no evidence of cyan 
osis or respiratory difficulties. As soon 
as the nurse had suctioned and weigh 
ed him, he was taken to the hospital s 
small nursery for premature babies. 

Proud of nursery 

Elgin Hospital is justifiably proud 
of its nursery. The room is small, 
containing approximately 15 cribs that 
can be elevated by placing blocks un 
der either end. The nursery is stocked 
with clean linen, thermometers, scales, 
and the usual essentials. Soap, water, 
and clean masks are kept at the en 
trance. Immediately adjoining the nur 
sery is a utility room equipped with a 
sterilizer and clean equipment. 

The nurses wash their hands and 
don clean masks before giving care to 

Mrs. Pandya. the former Margaret Windrem, 
is a 1957 graduate of Toronto Western 
Hospital School of Nursing. She received her 
diploma in public health nursing from the 
University of Toronto in 1961 and has lived 
in India since 1964. Her husband is a 
professor at the Government Engineering 
College in Jabalpur, India. 



the babies, and wash their hands at 
the completion of the care. All visi 
tors are excluded from the nursery 
and the babies are removed only to 
be taken to an adjoining room to be 
fed by their mothers. 

On his admission to the nursery, 
Ravi was placed on his right side 
with head elevated. He was watched 
closely and suctioned at intervals. On 
the second day he was given small 
amounts of sterile water and on the 
third, mother s milk. The initial feed 
ings were given by eyedropper; since 
he tolerated these well, breast feeding 
was commenced on the fourth morn 
ing. 

At first, Ravi seemed to have imma 
ture rooting and sucking instincts. 
However, he took almost one ounce of 
milk, so breast feeding was continued 
every four hours during the day and 
evening. When he became hungry be 
tween feedings, he was given sterile 
water, occasionally with a little glu 
cose added. 

In addition to careful feeding and 
constant observation, nursery care 
consisted of good technique, a mini 
mum of handling, a daily oil bath, 
and the injection of a pediatric anti 
biotic on the sixth day. Apart from 
the normal physiological jaundice and 
a small weight loss, Ravi had no dif 
ficulties during his stay in the nursery. 
Because of his progress, the limited 
space in the nursery, and the fact 
that I am a registered nurse, the doc 
tor advised us to take him with us 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 




when we left the hospital. 

Textbooks little help 

Several days before Ravi and I 
were discharged from hospital my hus 
band and I began to plan the home 
care. My nursing textbooks proved 
to be of little practical help, since 
they were based on the assumption 
that the baby would be born in hos 
pital and cared for in a well-equipped 
premature nursery. Therefore, we had 
to figure out for ourselves the basic 
needs of the premature infant and 
from this plan his home care. 

We listed each of Ravi s poorly de 
veloped systems and then decided how 
we could protect and help them until 
they attained maturity. Fortunately, 
Ravi s respiratory and circulatory sys 
tems seemed to function adequately. 
However, extra protection was still 
needed against the possibility of infec 
tion or sudden temperature changes. 
His digestive system also seemed to 
function well, but again, the immatur 
ity of his swallowing reflexes and var 
ious sphincters had to be considered 
during feeding. 

Although the babe usually was ac 
tive and alert, the immaturity of his 
nervous system evidenced itself when 
he dozed off before his feeding was 
completed; at such times, we stimu 
lated him by flicking his feet. 

The most obvious sign of his pre 
maturity was in his muscular and 
skeletal development. Since he had 
no subcutaneous fat, we took extra 
care when handling him to guard 
against skin infections and prevent 
loss of body heat. In addition, the 
umbilical cord had not dried before 
discharge and this required careful 
attention to prevent infection. 

Because Ravi had arrived earlier 
than expected, we were unprepared. 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



We had to prepare a nursery and ob 
tain all articles of clothing and bed 
ding. In India, this presents a problem, 
since ready-made articles are not easily 
available in the bazaar. However, my 
husband bought cloth and a neigh 
bor s daughter stitched some small 
frocks; we purchased a crib and used 
pillow cases for sheets until I could 
make a supply. 

Since sophisticated equipment of 
any kind is extremely expensive and 
often not available in India, we decided 
the best approach would be one of 
complete simplicity and cleanliness. 
One room of our house was emptied 
and the walls, ceiling, and floor were 
washed thoroughly with a Dettol so 
lution. My husband placed Ravi s 
crib in this room, along with a narrow 
cot for me, a small TV table to hold 
water for washing hands, and an arm 
chair without upholstery in which to 
feed the baby. 

Arrival home 

On June 25, Ravi and I came 
home. The four-mile drive from the 
city to our college colony had al 
ways fascinated me, since the road 
passed many of the colorful sights of 
the Indian countryside. That day, how 
ever, I was much too concerned with 
Ravi s welfare to be charmed by the 
sight of a saffron-robed Sadhu or a 
small boy perched upon the joggling 
load of an oxen cart. Luckily, Ravi 
slept all the way and only awakened 
to demand food as we entered our 
home. 

At this time, 10 days after his birth, 
he had regained his birth weight of 
three pounds two ounces. The phys 
iological jaundice had disappeared 
and his color was good. He was very 
active - - kicking and moving about 
the crib and his reflexes, including 



the Moro reflex, were present and 
satisfactory. His cry was normal. The 
umbilical cord was still on. His scalp, 
face, and body were covered with fine 
hairs and this, combined with the total 
absence of any subcutaneous fat, 
made him look like a little old man. 
His testes were descended and his 
urine and bowel movements normal 
for a breast-fed baby. 

After his first feeding at home, Ravi 
went to sleep. I then had a chance to 
get organized. First, I boiled two bot 
tles and a quantity of absorbent cotton 
for a breast tray. Then I prepared a 
tray for the baby s daily care, which 
consisted of baby oil, fluffs, and a 
change of clothing. I boiled a wide- 
mouthed bottle and a smaller bottle 
to hold sterile water and the coffee 
spoon that I used when feeding him. 
I then arranged the various items on 
napkin-covered trays and placed them 
in a wall cupboard. On other shelves 
in this cupboard I kept a supply of 
clean linen and clothing, VON-type 
paper bags, the medications - - vita 
mins and Durabolin that the doctor 
had ordered - - and wrapped sterile 
cord dressings that the hospital had 
supplied. 

Originally I had planned to set up 
a suction tray; however, when my hus 
band was unable to buy a suction tube 
at the bazaar, I decided - - erron 
eously as it turned out -- that I was 
being overly careful and did not really 
need it. I placed a TV table at the en 
trance to the room, and on it kept a 
supply of clean water, soap and a 
towel. Near the door I kept two plas 
tic pails containing a soap and water 
solution for soiled bedding, clothing, 
and dirty diapers. By the time Ravi 
awoke for his next feeding, all these 
pre-planned activities had been exe 
cuted and I felt reasonably confident 

NOVEMBER 1967 




about our ability to care for him. 

Tight schedule 

The biggest problem was to plan 
the day s activities so that the cleanest 
possible atmosphere would be created 
for the babe. We established a routine 
that made it possible to maintain good 
asepsis without the time-consuming 
business of masks and gowns. After 
Ravi s six-o clock morning feed, I pre 
pared tea for my husband and at the 
same time washed and put the various 
bottles, fluffs, and spoon on the stove 
to boil. I removed the linen buckets 
from the room and put the clothes in 
a fresh solution to soak while I did 
the household cleaning. 

First, I washed and changed the 
various items in Ravi s room; then I 
wiped all surfaces with a Dettol solu 
tion. After this, I cleaned the rest of 
the house, then rinsed out the baby s 
clothes and hung them out to dry. I 
put fresh solution in the buckets, took 
my bath, and put on a clean sari. Im 
mediately afterward, I set up the var 
ious trays, took them into the baby s 
room, and prepared and ate breakfast. 
While I was busy with household 
duties, my husband kept an eye on 
Ravi. After breakfast, I gave the baby 
his morning care. He returned to sleep 
and my husband and I had a second 
cup of coffee before he left for the 
Government Engineering College. As 
a further precaution against the pos 
sibility of infection, only my husband 
and I entered the baby s room for the 
first two months and we always 
washed our hands before touching him. 
When friends came visit, we held 
Ravi up inside the room and our 
friends saw him through the glass in 
the door. 

A real emergency 

The pediatrician visited us weekly. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



These visits were mainly to check on 
Ravi s progress; the only medications 
that he prescribed were vitamins daily 
and two further injections of an anti 
biotic that Ravi had received in hos 
pital. 

These regular visits were important 
to me because I was completely con 
fined to the house and we had no 
telephone. We kept track of the various 
problems that arose during the week 
and discussed them on his Sunday vis 
its. 

The first emergency occurred on 
our sixth day home. By an unlucky 
coincidence, this was also the first 
day of the university term and my 
husband s first day of work. I had 
finished Ravi s care and had sat down 
to write a letter. Suddenly I heard a 
sharp cry, followed by a bubbling 
sound. I rushed to the crib. Ravi had 
turned on his back and a profuse 
amount of frothy yellow fluid was is 
suing from his nose. He was yelling 
lustily and becoming cyanosed. I 
picked him up and placed him on his 
side with his head lowered. I tried 
frantically to think of what I could use 
as a suction tube. 

Suddenly the door opened and my 
husband entered the room. By some 
special act of providence, he had 
decided to come home early for lunch. 
He saw the difficulty, and with amaz 
ing quickness of thought took the tiny 
plastic ink dropper that had come 
with his new pen and handed it to 
me. I used this dropper to suction out 
the froth while my husband held the 
bottle of sterile water into which I 
blew the froth to keep the tube clean. 
I sucked and blew and sucked again. 
The baby s color changed from deep 
red to almost black and then to deep 
red and, finally, as the fluid stopped 
and the airway became clean, back 



to normal again. 

I cannot be accurate either as to the 
amount of fluid the baby brought up 
or as to the time we suctioned him - 
it may have been from two to five 
minutes. When I had regained my 
composure, my husband summoned the 
doctor. 

The pediatrician arrived that after 
noon and examined Ravi thoroughly. 
There was no fluid on his lungs and 
no evidence that any damage had been 
done to him. He believed that the ba 
by had regurgitated some feeding with 
enough force to send it up through his 
nose, and since premature babies are 
unable to breathe through their 
mouths, had become terrified when his 
air passage was blocked. 

Baby care 

Ravi received all daily care, except 
for feedings, in his crib to minimize 
the danger of infection, overhandling, 
and chilling. Before caring for him, I 
placed a clean sheet at the foot of his 
crib and on it put the various things 
that I needed for his cord dressing 
and bath. Then I scrubbed my hands. 
First I dressed the umbilical cord, then 
wiped him all over with baby oil, 
using cotton fluffs. When he was clean, 
I dressed him in fresh clothes and 
changed the crib bedding. I protected 
Ravi with a sheet and bathed him in 
sections, replacing the clothes I had 
removed before proceeding to the next 
area. Usually I dressed him in a gown 
and handkerchief-sized diapers that 
were tied on by cords sewn on alter 
nate corners. 

By this time the Monsoon rains had 
started, bringing chilly air with them. 
Since Indian homes have no central 
heating, it was difficult to maintain 
an even room temperature. We added 
bonnet, sweater, and socks to Ravi s 
wardrobe, and extra covers to his bed. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



Danny didn t disturb him 

Emotionally, Ravi reacted the same 
as a full-term baby. He seemed to 
know of our presence and would hush 
when spoken to softly. His eyes fo 
cused in the normal course of time 
and he gave indications of recogniz 
ing his father and me. His hearing 
concerned us, however, since he seem 
ed completely undisturbed by the loud 
barking of Danny, our year-old cocker 
spaniel. It was difficult to determine 
whether other responses, such as going 
off to sleep when sung or talked to, 
or turning head when spoken to, were 
stimulated by the sense of hearing or 
by the senses of sight and touch. It 
gradually became apparent that his 
hearing was not impaired. Strangely 
enough, he is still not in the least 
disturbed by Danny s barking, although 
occasionally it is loud enough to awa 
ken the whole colony! 

Second emergency 

Because I constantly feared a rep 
etition of Ravi s earlier regurgitation, 
I slept lightly and became extremely 
tired. One morning I awoke with se 
vere nausea and vomiting. My hus 
band was concerned and consulted a 
local doctor, who advised that I take 
an antinauseant. As a result, I slept 
soundly that day and only awakened 
to feed and care for the baby. I 
thought how nice it was that Ravi, 
too, seemed to be sleeping well. 

In my half-drugged state, I did not 
think any further until that evening, 
while feeding him, Ravi suddenly turn 
ed a deadly whitish-blue. I called my 
husband, but in the moment it took 
him to enter the room, Ravi s color 
had returned. In a few minutes, he 
again lost all color. I thought he was 
dead. However, my husband noted 
that he still was breathing. 

At the first sign of cyanosis, I po 
sitioned him properly and wrapped 
him in a warm shawl; after this, we 
forced a drop of brandy through his 
lips and soon his color returned. Since 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



we were unable to telephone the doc 
tor, a neighbor took us to the hos 
pital while I kept a flashlight 
trained on Ravi s face, fearing that at 
any moment he would have another 
attack. 

In the hospital they pumped Ravi s 
stomach and administered oxygen. He 
spent an uneventful night, but the 
next morning, while feeding, he again 
became cyanotic. Prompt treatment 
was given and his color restored. By 
this time, however, my nerves were 
completely gone. When the doctor 
suggested that we remain in hospital 
but that I keep the baby with me and 
care for him myself, I protested tear 
fully that I had lost all confidence. He 
and my husband managed to calm me 
and that afternoon Ravi, my husband 
and I moved into a private room in 
the hospital. 

In India, each room is supplied with 
an extra bed for the patient s atten 
dant always a member of her family 

- who looks after her needs. The 
nurses visit the patient frequently and 
give professional care, but the family 
members buy and serve the food (the 
hospital has no diet kitchen) and ob 
tain and administer oral medications. 

We remained in hospital four days. 
During this time, Ravi took his feed 
ings well and had no further recur 
rence of cyanosis. The doctor believed 
that the baby had aspirated some of 
the feeding either because a small 
quantity of the antinauseant had found 
its way into my milk and, in sedating 
him, had further weakened his im 
mature swallowing reflex, or else that 
in my sedated state I had not been 
as careful as usual when feeding him. 
In either case, Ravi pulled through 
and, having survived this crisis, seem 
ingly decided to get on with it and 
grow up. When we left the hospital on 
July 10, Ravi weighed three pounds 
eight ounces a total weight gain of 
six ounces. 

The remainder of the first two 
months went quietly and on August 



15th, two months after his birth but 
still five days earlier than we expect 
ed him to be born, we celebrated his 
birthday. As a further point of cel 
ebration, the two of us moved out of 
our lonely room and into a room 
with his daddy. We dismantled most 
of the equipment, determined to treat 
him as much as possible like a normal 
child. 

Normal development 

Ravi is now two years old. His phys 
ical development has progressed nor 
mally. As I write this, he is busy in 
the courtyard playing with his bat 
and ball. In all respects he appears to 
be a normal toddler. He is very active 
and naughty, eats all foods, sleeps 
well, plays easily with other children, 
and never stops talking. 

We have observed no signs of the 
emotional maladjustments that various 
researchers have found in their studies 
of premature infants. In all likelihood, 
this was because he received mother s 
care from birth and was not emotional 
ly isolated in an incubator. Perhaps 
this is one dividend for the worry that 
his father and I went through during 
the early months of his life. 

The other dividend is the rich feel 
ing of thankfulness that comes over 
us when we see evidence of his grow 
ing physical and mental competence. 
In fact, we thing that he is just about 
the brightest baby ever born on any 
continent. But that, I suspect, is a 
manifestation of parenthood and not 
of prematurity. Q 



NOVEMBER 1967 









OFFICIA. 

OPENING 
CNA HOUSE 





Governor General Roland Michener, C.C. 



38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



i IF 




A Dream Realized 



It is my honor to comment on behalf of the small group 
of nurses who pioneered the creation of CNA House. 

The House Committee was formed officially in 1954, 
under the able chairmanship of the late Agnes J. Macleod, 
following a decision - - made at the biennial meeting in 
Banff - - that the Canadian Nurses Association and THE 
CANADIAN NURSE, our official journal, should be accommo 
dated in one building and that the building should be loc 
ated in the capital of Canada. 

In that same year the House Committee located tem 
porary quarters sufficient to accommodate the CNA staff 
only, and they moved from Montreal to Ottawa. A second 
move was required in 1959 and, fortunately, the second 
floor of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons be- 

NOVEMBER 1967 



came available; there was still insufficient room to include 

Staff of THE CANADIAN NURSE. 

Thinking back, I recall a mosaic of episodes that oc 
curred during the 13-year life span of the House Com 
mittee: 

The seige by everyone who wanted to sell an uptown 
property and the committee acting as intrepid explorers 
of countless buildings from cellar to attic, some in con 
siderable disrepair. 

The special consideration given to sites on beautiful 
Sussex Drive, on Alexander Street in the imposing area 
surrounding the City Hall, and on Laurier Avenue East 
overlooking Strathcona Park. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 




The approval of the executive com 
mittee, voting by mail, to negotiate for 
the Laurier Avenue property. 

The lessons learned in city man 
agement related to zoning and city 
planning and the great disappointment 
when notified that it would be inad 
visable to erect a national headquar 
ters on the Laurier Avenue site. 

The increased tempo of efforts 
brought on by the disappointment and 
by the urging of the late Mildred Wal 
ker who became Chairman in 1959. 

The selection of James W. Strutt 
as architect from among seven reput 
able firms who submitted credentials 
to the committee. 

The knowledge that the National 
Capital Commission would develop a 
parkway on the east side of the Rideau 
Canal, comparable to the beautiful 
western Driveway; this turned our eyes 
to this area. 

The message from the architect 
and from C. E. O Connor, legal ad 
visor to the CNA, that this property 
(50 The Driveway) had been placed on 
the market; this early information en 
abled a first bid on this valuable site 
and, finally, led to the purchase. 

The approval of the architect s 
drawings by the executive committee, 
the city building committee, and the 
National Capital Commission, followed 
by the selection of F. E. Cummings 
Construction Company Limited. 

The words of the architect describe 
this building impressively: "The head 
quarters of the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation is a small brick and concrete 
structure of 19,000 square feet. The 
entrance is on the top floor and the 
building has a total depth of three 
storeys, designed to effect six separate 
levels. 

"The different functions of the 
building - - entrance, three floors of 
offices, containing 33 offices, confer 
ence area, library and archives, dining 
room and lounge, and various service 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Floor plan 




Office of the executive director 







Editorial offices of The Canadian Nurse 
NOVEMBER 1967 



rooms culminate in an open lobby 
surmounted by a concrete lantern. This 
lantern, besides illuminating the lobby, 
serves as a focal point around which 
the irregularities of the exterior walls 
move when viewed in motion on The 
Driveway, and at night becomes a tow 
er of light, illuminated from within." 

At the base of the tower of light, 
four murals of unpolished grey slate 
enrich the open foyer. They were ex 
ecuted by Eleanor Milne, architectural 
sculptor for our parliament buildings. 
In abstract form, they tell the story of 
the span of nursing practice from birth 
to death. 

Birth. The large forms on the left 
of this mural represent male and fe 
male, birth and parenthood. The com 
ing of children is shown by floating 
spheres, which ultimately leave the 
family and are received into the society 
of the world. 

Service. The care of people is re 
presented by heavy bars interpretive 
of the work of nurses. The uplifted 
hands on each side indicate the sup 
port the nurse provides and the faith 
she holds within. The variety of her 
skills, the grpatness of her task, and 
the unity of her purpose are portrayed 
by the close grouping of the many sym 
bols on the right of the mural. 

Knowledge. Heavy semi-circular bars 
in this mural remind one of the vitality 
and strength of knowledge that are 
basic to the skillful practice of nursing. 
Flames depict the joy of learning. 
Wings at each side indicate that it is a 
continuing process so that we may ap 
ply our hearts and minds, as well as 
our hands, with wisdom, skill, under 
standing and compassion. 

Death. The Spirit now breaks from 
the physical body and by means of 
the triple crown of works accomplished 

- Life, Service, Knowledge gains 
victory through Death. - - EVELYN A. 

PEPPER, VICE-CHAIRMAN, CNA HOUSE 
COMMITTEE. 

NOVEMBER 1967 




Board Room 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 






5 



Visitors listen to speakers at the entrance to the new 
building prior to the official opening of CNA House, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa. 




While Mrs. Michener looks on, Governor General 
Michener signs the guest book before cutting the ribbon 
and officially opening CNA House. 




Mayor Don Reid extends wishes on behalf of the City 
of Ottawa during the opening speeches as Governor 
General Michener listens attentively. 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



An lmpressiv<| 



September 25, 1967, was a memorable day for 
Canadian nurses right across the country. 

At 3:00 P.M., Governor General Roland Michener 
snipped a wide white ribbon and officially opened CNA 
House, the three-storey, red brick building on The Drive 
way in Ottawa, which houses the staff of administrators, 
consultants, and researchers who work to improve not 
only the quality of nursing care for all Canadians, but 
the economic status of each Canadian nurse. 

The outdoor ceremony was attended by 100 
representatives of the federal government, the City of 
Ottawa, and provincial nursing associations, as well as 
the International Council of Nurses, and allied profes 
sional organizations. Later, all gathered on the third 
floor of the building where coffee and sherry were served, 
and where the Governor General and Mrs. Michener 
were able to greet the guests and the staff of CNA 
before touring the building. 

A highlight of the ceremony was the guard of honor 
formed by student nurses of the City of Ottawa to wel 
come His Excellency. In the bright uniforms of their 
schools, they stood at attention as Mr. Michener and 
his party alighted from the car and made their way to 
the official platform. 

It was a happy day for all, but for none more than 
architect J.W. Strutt. He captured the nurses dream in 
his original sketches of the building submitted two years 
ago - - dignified yet unpretentious, with a high degree 
of enclosure and protection in which the internal qualities 
of spatial organization were given more importance than 
external qualities of display. 

The building is topped by a 20-foot precast "lantern" 
of concrete and glass which surmounts the lobby, illumin 
ating four murals of unpolished grey slate depicting the 
span of nursing practice. The lantern, while admitting 
skylight into the lobby and giving emphasis to this central 
space, anchors the otherwise imprecise form of the 
building. It has happily been taken by CNA as an 
expression of its professional symbol. 

NOVEMBER 1967 




Governor General Roland Michener makes the official 
incision in the ribbon across the doorway. 



eremony 




Student nurses from Ottawa hospitals, who formed a 
guard of honor for the Governor General, also attended 
the reception following the ceremonies. 




Sister Mary Felicitas, president of the CNA, introduces 
guests at the opening to Their Excellencies, Governor 
General and Mrs. Michener. 

NOVEMBER 1967 




Dr. Helen K. Mussallem, executive director, CNA, 
describes the murals to Sister Felicitas, president of 
CNA, Mrs. Michener, and the Governor General. 




The Right Reverend E.S. Reed, Bishop of Ottawa 
(Second from left) and James W. Strutt, architect (third 
from left) chat with guests at the reception. 




The special guests toured the new building and Gov 
ernor General Michener showed special interest in 
the rapidly growing library collection. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



The House that Dedication Built 



There are more than a quarter-million 
bricks in CNA House, contributed by 
you, the members, and cemented together 
by your unity of purpose. Too, your in 
dividual contributions combine to finance 
all the activities of the Canadian Nurses 
Association, and give support to the Can 
adian Nurses Foundation and the Inter 
national Council of Nurses. 

CNA House stands as a monumental 
testimonial to the progress achieved, from 
humble beginnings, through the unified 
actions of Canadian nurses for which 
each member, justifiably, can be proud. 

But this is not the great achievement: 

The great achievement is the spirit of 
Canadian nursing that breathes life into 
CNA House the same spirit that gives 
awareness to nursing problems at the 
bedside and generates ideas for their solu- . 
tion. It is the strong moving force that 
compels nurses to instigate the battle for 
improvement at the chapter meeting and 
propel it through provincial and national 
deliberations to the highest authorities in 
the land. 

Literally, hundreds of thousands of off- 
duty hours have been volunteered, en 
thusiastically, by dedicated professionals 
who prepare presentations and travel mil 
lions of miles to stimulate action at local, 
regional, provincial, national, and inter 
national meetings. 

Not only have these energies created an 
organized, permanent force to pursue 
nursing s ultimate goals; distilled through 
democratic mechanisms they have be 
come a super-fuel the motive power 
that gives direction to the organization, 
launches it on active improvement cam 
paigns across the nation, and steers it on 
course. 

A federation of ten 

Your association is a federation of the 
10 provincial nurses associations. You 
created it to unite all nurses in Canada 
into one organization so that the full 
weight of the entire profession in Canada 
could be brought to bear on those mat 
ters in which one unified voice could 
speak more effectively than 10 separate 
voices. 

The Association is organized to imple 
ment policies relating to the welfare of 
the individual member, the education of 
future and present members, and the 
quality of patient care. A route for every 
nurse in Canada to participate in these 
affairs is provided through a national pat 
tern of standing committees. 

Each of the 10 provincial associations 
has a standing committee on: 

Social and economic welfare to estab 
lish conditions of employment that are 
adequate to attract and retain competent 
persons in the numbers required to satisfy 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



the nursing needs of the public. 

Nursing education to promote educa 
tional systems that are capable of gradu 
ating sufficient numbers of qualified 
nurses to satisfy future needs in all fields 
of nursing practice, nursing education, 
and nursing administration. 

Nursing service to facilitate the means 
of effective utilization of nurses by nurse- 
employing agencies and to ensure the 
adoption of up-to-date, safe, and effective 
techniques by nursing practitioners. 

The 10 provincial standing committees 
in these three areas provide a forum for 
the review of events and changing needs 
in their specified area and propose revi 
sion in policy based on this examination. 
The chairman of each is a member of the 
appropriate national standing committee. 

The national standing committee chair 
men, who are appointed by the CNA 
Board of Directors, are selected from 
top Canadian nurses in each field and 
become members of the Board. 

In this manner a direct line of com 
munication and representation is estab 
lished between every nurse in Canada 
and the Board of Directors of the na 
tional association. 

The other members of the Board of 
Directors are the president, the president 
elect, and the first and second vice-pres 
idents, who are elected biennially by the 
total membership, and the 10 provincial 
association presidents elected by their 
members. In addition, at least two re 
presentatives from the nursing sisterhoods 
are elected to the Board. 

Permanent staff 

Each provincial association has spe 
cialists on staff who act as consultants 
to appropriate standing committees, form 
ulate and recommend policy, and imple 
ment approved programs. The Canadian 
Nurses Association s permanent head- 
quarter s staff similarly has senior con 
sultants who specialize in social and eco 
nomic welfare, nursing education, and 
nursing service. These specialists act as 
consultants to their provincial counter 
parts, formulate and recommend policy to 
the three national standing committees, 
and implement approved programs. 

Horizontal communication is thus 
maintained between the specialists on pro 
vincial association staffs and those at na 
tional headquarters so that national policy 
and headquarter s activity at all times re 
late to current conditions and needs 
across the country. 

Services and activities 

Participation with government agencies 
and allied professional groups, at both 
the provincial and national level, is a 
significant part of the Association s over 
all purpose. In this capacity it sits on 



planning councils, provides consultant ser 
vices, participates in conferences, co- 
sponsors activities, and collaborates with 
medical associations, hospital associations 
government agencies, and others in the 
planning and control of health services for 
Canadians. 

In addition to performing its adminis 
trative functions, the Association has 
three major functional departments that 
provide services to members. 

National Nursing Library and Archives: 
The library in CNA House contains over 
4,000 titles and is the most comprehen 
sive collection of nursing literature in the 
nation. Its repository collection of nursing 
studies is a major resource for research 
in Canada, and the periodical collection 
of some 300 titles is probably one of the 
best in the world. 

The loan service and reference service 
is used extensively by nurses across Can 
ada and in other parts of the world. These 
services are available to all agencies or 
individuals interested in nursing. 

Research, and Advisory Services: The 
basic function of the Research and Advi 
sory Department, in addition to the con 
sulting role previously mentioned, is to 
study conditions and events affecting 
nursing, identify problems, and recom 
mend corrective action. In pursuing this 
work, liaison with appropriate federal and 
provincial authorities and organizations is 
maintained. 

An important by-product of the re 
search activity is the publication of all 
statistical data gathered in its process. 
This includes: an annual inventory of 
registered nurses in Canada by province, 
classified by employment status, marital 
status, age, and sex; nursing department 
staff turnover rates; salaries and qualifi 
cations of faculty in nursing schools; stu 
dent enrolment and graduation by type of 
program, and others. 

The resources of this department are 
available to all agencies or individuals in 
terested in nursing. 

Information Services: The Information 
Services Department is the Association s 
communication arm to both internal and 
external publics. It publishes the only 
English and French national professional 
nursing journals in Canada, The Cana 
dian Nurse and L infirmiere canadienne. 
It also provides information for distribu 
tion to the public through press, televi 
sion, and other media in the form of press 
releases and other informational material, 
and publishes reports of all formal studies 
and programs undertaken by the Associa 
tion in both French and English. 

CNA House, alive with the spirit of 
Canadian nursing, is the house that dedi 
cation built. Its vitality will be maintained 
with your continued participation and en 
thusiastic support. n 

NOVEMBER 1967 



THE PROBLEM 



( Figure 1 ) 




"14.0 



1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 66 71 



India s Project number one 



India s number one problem is the population explosion. The death rate is down; 
now the birth rate must be controlled. A Canadian nurse with the Canadian 
University Service Overseas reports on a family planning services program. 



There are 446 protestant mission 
hospitals and dispensaries in India, 
and along with government health ser 
vices these institutions are now turn 
ing their attention to the provision of 
urgently needed family planning ser 
vices. As a public health nurse and 
Canadian University Service Over 
seas volunteer, I have been assigned 
to the Family Planning Project of the 
Christian Medical Association of In 
dia, as northern India representative, 
to work with the mission hospitals in 
the northern states and Nepal and as 
sist them in creating family planning 
programs and in increasing the effec 
tiveness of these services. 

New program for a new problem 

Established in 1966 through the 
efforts of Canada s Dr. Robert Mc- 
Clure, and with funds from several 
international aid agencies and an in 
terested Canadian, the CMAI Family 
Planning Project was designed to as 
sist these hospitals, often operating on 
shoe-string budgets, to integrate fam 
ily planning into their total health 
programs. The first service of the pro 
ject was to remove one of the main 
obstacles to family planning pro 
grams: finances. A capital grant of 
$25.00 is made to each joining hos 
pital for equipment and supplies 
needed to launch its program, and 
then each is reimbursed for the cost 
of family planning work (for tubal 
ligations and vasectomies performed, 
and intrauterine devices inserted). The 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Wendy Marson, B.Sc.N. 

main advantage to the hospitals is the 
prompt reimbursement of their costs 
so that they can work assured of this 
support. 

Because of the high standards of 
care maintained in these hospitals and 
large numbers of patients dependent 
upon them, they have contributed sig 
nificantly to the profound effect that 
increased health facilities and pro 
grams have had on India s death rate 
since 1921. Until that time, the death 
rate had nearly equaled the birth rate, 
and total population increase was a 
minor problem for the country. How 
ever, with vastly increased health ser 
vices and disease prevention pro 
grams, the death rate has plummeted 



until now it stands at 16 per thousand. 
The birth rate, however, has remained 
almost constant and stands at the very 
high level of 41 per thousand (Fig 
ure 1 ). 

The outcome of the success in the 
battle to improve health services can 
be seen in the huge annual increase 
in population 13 million people, 
equal to Australia s total population. 
Efforts to raise the standard of living 
are nullified as the country struggles 
to provide even essentials of life to 
burgeoning numbers. At this rate of 
increase, India s present population of 
510 million, which took 5,000 years 
to build, will double to more than 1 
billion in less than 28 years. 



Mrs. Marson is a CUSO volunteer work 
ing out of Delhi, India. She received her 
B.Sc.N. in 1963 from the University of 
British Columbia. Since then she spent one 
year as a public health nurse, four months 
as a psychiatric nurse, and two years as 
an administrator in international aid pro 
grams. In January 1967, she and her hus 
band, Brian, went to India as CUSO per 
sonnel. He was appointed Director of the 
CUSO Program in India while she became 
northern India representative of the Family 
Planning Project of the Christian Medical 
Association of India. About her work she 
writes: "I find my role in this work ex 
tremely stimulating, although it often 
stretches my ingenuity to the limit. I am 
fortunate to have an imaginative husband 
as one of my resources! I find my nursing 
background and experience gained so far 



very useful in establishing rapport with 
family planning and hospital staff, with 
patients and students. An increasing num 
ber of CUSO nurses are now working in 
the family planning program in India, as 
training staff in government programs, as 
supervisors of village level workers, and 
as workers themselves in government and 
mission institutions. 

"I think all of us agree that the experience 
is contributing considerably to professional 
development from our point of view, and 
at the same time, we are helping with India s 
most urgent need. But many more are 
urgently required to help meet the serious 
deficit in nurses and trained personnel 
in the family planning program, to train 
and supervise Indian staff upon whom 
the ultimate success over rising numbers 
will depend." 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



If there is to be any hope of pro 
viding reasonable opportunities of life 
for India s young, this explosion must 
be stabilized by making every effort 
to reduce the birth rate. Although the 
Indian government has officially sup 
ported family planning programs since 
the beginning of its first Five Year 
Plan in 1951, only recently have the 
programs received the necessary pri 
ority and financial backing. 

The present aim is to reduce the 
birth rate from the present 41 per 
thousand to 25 per thousand as quick 
ly as possible. To do this, 50 percent 
of the estimated 90 million couples in 
the reproductive age must be moti 
vated to accept the small family norm 
of two or three children and to plan 
their families effectively. Programs of 
mass- education and motivation are 
underway to convince people of the 
necessity for family planning, but with 
80 percent of the population illiterate 
and scattered through 560,000 vil 
lages, a person-to-person approach is 
vital. The education and training 
needs for the program are vast and 
the government is training village 
workers, paramedical personnel, and 
doctors as quickly as possible. 

Working through the hospitals 

One way to contact the population 
on a meaningful and individual basis 
is through the hospitals and dispen 
saries to which they come for health 
care. We estimate that 12 million peo 
ple annually turn to the CMAI hos 
pitals for treatment of conditions rang 
ing from leprosy, tuberculosis, and 
cholera, to cut fingers. Each married 
couple that comes to a hospital can 
potentially be reached at the same 
time with information about family 
planning; it is this basic concept that 
I am trying to teach in the hospitals 
I visit. Some already have excellent 
programs inspired by farsighted medi 
cal leadership. 

One doctor in a small isolated hos 
pital serving 60,000 outpatients a 
year said to me, "I ve worked to build 
up this hospital over the past 30 
years, and in that time I ve contribut- 

46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




Village women approach a maternal and child health clinic where jamily 
planning services are available. Recent introduction of inverted red triangle 
(above door) indicates, without need for words, the availability of family 
planning services. 



ed to lowering the death rate. Now it 
is time I worked just as hard to lower 
the birth rate, or I am no longer 
meeting the needs of my patients." 
Many of the outpatients cannot un 
derstand the printed word, but when 
they visit this particular doctor he 
routinely asks, "How many children 
do you have?" and "Do you want 
any more?" The first step in intro 
ducing the subject is as simple as 
that. For the patient who indicates a 
desire to space his or her family, or 
who wishes to limit the number of 
children, a short talk on available 
methods follows, terminating in a de 
cision on one particular type. For 
those who have as many children as 
they want (or more frequently, have 
more than they want) but need moti 
vating, a longer discussion is needed. 
Frequently they are sent to see one 
of the nurses trained by the doctor for 
a more detailed talk and explanation. 

Many mission hospitals have not 
yet taken such steps to integrate fam 
ily planning into their routine patient 
care, however, mainly because the de 
mand for their curative services is 
so great and the insufficient staff so 
over-worked, that family planning 
services are given only to those pa 
tients who are already motivated 
enough to ask for them. 

The main feature of my work, then, 
is to visit these hospitals, to help 
those with family planning programs 
to evaluate them, to make suggestions 
for improvement, and to assist in im 



plementing these. 

On an initial visit to a hospital 
(about 50 percent of my time is spent 
in actual visiting), I usually tour the 
whole institution, spending most time 
on the wards and in the outpatient de 
partment. I concentrate first on ways 
to integrate family planning teaching 
into the existing programs of patient 
care on the maternity wards, the male 
and female medical wards, and most 
importantly, in the OPD. Family 
planning information generally is bet 
ter accepted if it is integrated into 
other hospital teaching programs, es 
pecially in maternal and child health. 

In developing a hospital s program, 
I concentrate on what I believe are 
four major areas: staff and student 
education; patient education and mo 
tivation; actual provision of medical 
services for family planning; and fol 
low-up procedures and services. 

Staff education 

In the area of staff education, I 
give talks to members at all levels, 
from sweepers (cleaning staff) to med 
ical staff, depending on needs and 
requests. Much of the teaching will 
be done by the nurses during the daily 
patient care, of course, and so I usual 
ly spend most time with them. 

Nursing staff in India have four 
different levels of training. (Doctors 
in India outnumber trained nurses by 
90,000 to 50,000 for the 510 million 
population; Canada has 105,000 nur 
ses for its 20 million people.) There 

NOVEMBER 1967 



are the fully trained nurses with three 
years basic preparation and one year 
midwifery; lady health visitors with 
30 months training oriented toward 
public health and rural work; auxilia 
ry nurse-midwives with two years 
preparation oriented toward domicil 
iary midwifery and family planning; 
and the trained dais or midwives with 
one year midwifery training. All are 
used in hospitals as nursing staff, and 
all must be oriented toward patient 
teaching and integration of family 
planning teaching into their daily 
work. 

In talks with men and women, I 
use as many visual aids as possible, 
including a small portable pelvic 
model called the Lupkit to demon 
strate insertion of intrauterine devices 
(or "loops" as they are commonly 
known), pamphlets, posters, charts, 
flannel boards, and, sometimes, slides. 
Visual aids can be very important to 
the patient teaching program because 
of their reinforcement effect. I make 
them as simple as possible to demon 
strate how easily they can be copied 
by hospital staff, and to ensure that 
thev are comprehensible to patients. 

Considerable development of staff 
and student education is needed how 
ever, and this area is being given the 
project s highest priority at present. 
To this end, we are planning regional 
training courses for staff nurses and 
family planning workers, and inser- 
vice education programs in the hos 
pitals during the coming months. Al 
so, we have completed preparation of 
a teaching plan for nursing schools to 
use in their classes in obstetrics and 
gynecology, and in community health. 

The Trained Nurses Association of 
India fully supports and promotes 
staff training programs in family plan 
ning and also initiates similar educa 
tional programs in government hos 
pitals. 

This whole area of training and ed 
ucation is highly important and af 
fords almost unlimited possibilities for 
the development of resources, such as 
hospital libraries, displays and films, 
visual materials for health talks 

NOVEMBER 1967 



for example, flash cards that tell stor 
ies and tape recordings to be 
broadcast through hospital wards, to 
mention only a few areas into which 
our work extends. 

Patient education 

The next area of importance is that 
of patient teaching. Often I am asked 
to give demonstration talks to groups 
of patients on the wards and in the 
outpatient departments. These serve 
the main purpose of demonstrating to 
staff just where and how patient edu 
cation should be carried on. The OPD 
usually is crowded with women, often 
dressed in their very best and most 
colorful saris for the occasion, sitting 
in groups on the floor chatting ani 
matedly among themselves, soothing 
the children they have brought along, 
and preventing the precious medicine 
bottles - - brought for refill - - from 
being smashed on the floor. 

Probably because I am a Westerner, 
and therefore an object of curiosity, 
and also because of the confidence 
they have in the hospital staff who 
obviously have brought me there, the 
waiting patients make very attentive 
audiences. Sometimes we talk to mix 
ed groups, but usually there is dis 
cussion only if the women are by 
themselves, without the menfolk. Even 
then, the young women are an espe 
cially shy group; some still wear the 
burkha (a shroudlike covering extend 
ing from head to toe, with only small 
slits for the eyes) whenever they ven 
ture out of the home. 

It is always encouraging when an 
older woman is present and shows in 
terest in and agreement with what we 
say. These older women are usually 
mothers-in-law who still rule the 
households containing the extended 
families. Especially in rural areas, the 
word of the mother-in-law is law; if 
she is opposed to child spacing and 
family limitation, it becomes very dif 
ficult to work with her son or daugh 
ter-in-law. 

When teaching about the loop, I 
always pass one around for each lis 
tener to finger and feel for softness 



and pliability. Once I was most sur 
prised to hear from the Hindi-speak 
ing audience, "Yeh plastic Hai (It s 
plastic)!" The passing of the loop 
brings an amusing variety of re 
sponses, from giggling shyness and 
refusal to touch, to eager interest and 
discussion of its characteristics. Usual 
ly when encouraged, all will at least 
feel it and pass it on. 

The wards are also good places for 
group teaching, because usually no 
patient is admitted to a rural hospital 
unless accompanied by a relative. 
They cook and provide routine care 
for the patient. When not occupied 
with these duties, they spend time 
fanning the invalid industriously or 
dozing on a mat on the floor beside 
the cot. Thus, their presence offers 
considerable opportunity for health 
and family planning teaching by the 
nursing staff. Again, the use of visual 
aids is very important to introduce 
discussion as Indian women love col 
or and "gimmicks." 

Provision of services 

Most methods of family planning 
are available in this country, ranging 
from the conventional methods such 
as condom, diaphragm, and jelly, to 
intrauterine device and sterilization. 
These conventional methods are wide 
ly used. Efforts are being made to 
provide condoms at nominal cost on 
such a mass scale that they will be 
available in every village bazaar (mar 
ket) in the country. Many couples suc 
cessfully space and limit their families 
by these methods, but the reliability 
and supply are not comparable to the 
loop or sterilization. 

The oral contraceptive, with which 
we in North America are so familiar, 
is only now to be introduced here on 
a wide scale following the completion 
of research leading to government ap 
proval of its use. 

The intrauterine device known as 
the Lippes Loop was introduced on a 
mass scale in 1965 and given exten 
sive publicity. Although this device 
has been found to have temporary side 
effects among many of the users and 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 




All over India, on bus stands, in railway stations, on billboards, the small 
family norm is promoted. The message above reads, in Hindi and Urdu: "Two 
or three children is enough! Visit your nearest family planning center." 



an estimated 10 percent expulsion 
rate, the loop, on the whole, has 
provided a useful and successful part 
of the family planning program. 

From the experience of the past two 
years, it is clear that the effectiveness 
of the loop as a method depends a 
great deal both on initial preparation 
of the patient and post-insertion fol 
low-up. In areas where little or no 
preparation of the patient has been 
given, the predictable but unanticipa 
ted side effects have given rise to con 
cern among the patients affected and 
various rumors have grown up, ad 
versely affecting other women s con 
fidence in the loop. In one area, for 
example, a village woman had the 
loop inserted, but during her first post- 
insertion period, had uterine contrac 
tions that pushed part of the loop 
through the cervix. The threads tied 
to the loop for the purpose of removal 
are blue, and when this woman exam 
ined herself, she found two bluish 
whiskers protruding from her vagina. 
When she pulled on these, out came 
a "worm-like object with a blue an 
tennae." At first it was straight, but 
before her eyes began to curl itself up. 
In terror she dropped it and ran to 
tell a neighbor. When they both came 
back it was dead! 

The upshot of this incident was the 
rumor that the doctor really was not 
inserting a loop, but a foreign worm 
that eats at uterine lining and causes 
bleeding! Naturally such a story will 

48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



generate resistance to the loop among 
village women, and will take a great 
deal of effort to correct. If time and 
interest had been taken in this woman 
to show her a loop and describe its 
effect, such an incident could have 
been avoided. 

When I ask village women what 
they know about the loop, they often 
answer that they know it causes bleed 
ing. Thus the pre-insertion preparation 
should include the correct information 
that it often causes initial spotting and 
heavier periods for two or three 
months, but that once the period of 
adaptation is over, they will return to 
normal. It also goes without saying 
that the worker s confidence in the 
method being taught has a very im 
portant bearing on patient s receptiv 
ity to the teaching. 

Since 1965, more than 1.5 million 
loops have been inserted in India. Ex 
periments are still going on to perfect 
insertion techniques, and other types 
of devices are being tried, such as the 
polygon. 

Sterilization of men and women are 
major methods recommended by the 
government for cases where family 
limitation is desired, and are performed 
for an increasing number of par 
ents. The male operation, vasectomy, 
is a very simple operation performed 
under local anesthesia in a matter of 
minutes, and like the loop is often 
done in "camps" where men desiring 
the operation are gathered from sur 
rounding villages. 

In view of the enormous population 
problem, there is increasing discus 
sion in India about making this me 
thod compulsory for all fathers with 
three children, and some states are 
already taking steps to introduce leg 
islation whereby any couple having 
more than three chidren will forego 
free medical treatment, maternity leave 
with full pay, eligibility for state hous 
ing, and other benefits. 

Follow-up 

The final phase, and equally impor 
tant in a hospital s family planning 
program, is follow-up once a patient 
has accepted a particular method. 



This aspect I try to stress in talks to 
staff, and suggest that patients always 
be encouraged to return for a follow- 
up visit within a month of acceptance 
of a method, if it is not possible for 
someone from the hospital to visit 
them at home. Even conventional 
methods of family planning, such as 
use of vaginal jelly, condoms, and foam 
tablets, require sustained motivation 
for continued use and successful pre 
vention of unplanned children. 

With loop cases, follow-up is high 
ly important to encourage women 
through the initial difficulties that 
may be expected as the uterus adapts 
to the presence of the foreign object. 
Too often, the only patients who are 
followed are those who return after 
experiencing difficulties and come to 
request removal. If they can be reached 
earlier in their homes, the difficul 
ty usually can be overcome. Thus, it 
is important to the success of a hospi 
tal s program for the staff to realize 
the need for adequate follow-up and 
to implement a suitable procedure. To 
this end, we are planning to prepare 
simplified procedures to assist hospi 
tals in developing this aspect of their 
services. 

Follow-up is equally as important 
to provide medicine when necessary, 
to treat side effects such as temporary 
spotting and discomfort, and to 
provide reassurance to the patient. 
Follow-up also allows a check on ex 
pelled loops and re-insertion can then 
be arranged. This often results in 
permanent retention, particularly if 
a different size loop is used. 

Many problems and few staff 

I have found in talking with pa 
tients that, without fail, they cannot 
afford to have more than three or four 
children at most, regardless o,f their 
level of income. Yet many have be 
tween three and eleven! Why, when 
they are aware of their limited ca 
pacity to support them, do they conti 
nue to have morfe children? There are 
many reasons, such as fear generated 
by rumors, ignorance of the exact na 
ture of methods, apathy, lack of fore 
sight or education, and the belief that 

NOVEMBER 1967 



The person-to-person approach is vital to the success of the family planning 
programs. Here Mrs. Marson uses the Lupkit to demonstrate to a group of 
interested women the insertion of the intrauterine device, the simplest and surest 
family planning method available in India. 



children are a gift of God if He wants 
them to live, He will see that they are 
fed; if they die, it is His will. There 
are many other reasons, and each fam 
ily planning worker has his or her 
favorite. Taken as a whole, they illus 
trate once again the great need for 
careful patient education such as we 
are trying to provide through each 
hospital. 

Unfortunately, many hospitals sim 
ply do not have staff available to do 
much of this work. It can be a full- 
time job, talking to groups of men 
and women in OPD all morning, tour 
ing wards every afternoon, visiting 
communities to see patients who have 
accepted family planning, and, if time 
allows, working in the surrounding 
villages. 

The project has set aside extra 
funds from which hospitals can draw 
to hire extra staff to do full- or part- 
time family planning programs. Hos 
pitals that have such staff usually use 
them in teaching and visiting patients 
in an integrated program of maternal 
and child health and family planning. 
This is probably the most effective 
way. 

One hospital, for example, has em 
ployed a dedicated retired lady health 
visitor who worked for years in ma 
ternal and child health, and who is 
now working with their public health 
nursing tutor to set up an integrated 
maternal and child welfare program 
with domiciliary midwifery and family 
planning. It is a joy to watch her 
teach patients, for she is so skilled 
and perceptive of their responses. I 
accompanied her into the narrow 
mud-walked streets of the nearby vil 
lage where this program is being set 
up. It was clear that women in this 
village trusted this worker, and she 
was planning to use the trust built up 
to convince them to adopt a method 
of child spacing. 

In another hospital in Rajasthan 
state, I went with two midwives to 
visit a village, one of 30 or 40 they 
visit regularly. This particular hospi 
tal had converted a van, originally 
used in village Tb work, into a mobile 
family planning unit. The midwives 

MOVFMRFR 1967 



live on it as they tour the rural areas 
each week. Although we had a flat 
tire, the trip through 40 miles of Ra 
jasthan countryside was starkly beau 
tiful, simmering in the intense dry 
desert heat of May. The brown of the 
landscape was broken only by the 
brilliant hues of the flowing garments 
worn by the women at work in the 
fields, and the turbans worn by the 
men. Even the huts of the village were 
baked a brownish color by the sun. 

The village we visited was fairly 
large -- about 10,000 in population. 
There, these midwives, by door-to- 
door canvassing, had found 170 cou 
ples who wanted to practice family 
planning. They were distributing only 
conventional contraceptives, because 
a year earlier a hastily planned gov 
ernment program promoting the loop 
had resulted in many complications 
and subsequent disrepute of the me 
thod. The pair try to reach the families 
on their lists during the morning when 
the women are home and alone. They 
distribute the next month s supply of 
contraceptives and give advice and 
encouragement wherever needed. This 
kind of village approach is needed on 
a vastly wider scale, since it is the best 
way to take family planning informa 
tion and services to the rural people. 

Workers such as these, trained and 
deeply aware of the urgency of India s 
problems are still few and far be 
tween. Too often hospitals are willing 
to incorporate such people into their 
staffs but cannot find suitable candi 
dates because of the shortage across 
the whole country. The need for train 
ing programs to supply more can be 
readily seen. 




With more than 150 mission hospi 
tals and dispensaries now participat 
ing in the CMAI Family Planning 
Project, our work is developing at a 
rapid and exciting pace. Of course 
the tangible results are the most accur 
ate reflection of the expansion of edu 
cational and clinical services and in 
the first three months of 1967, 2,759 
loops were inserted, and 210 vasec- 
tomies and 1,375 tubal ligations were 
performed. With further development 
of priority educational programs for 
staff and patients, I anticipate a steady 
increase in the number of patients ac 
cepting the small family norm and 
planning their families. 

This year, the government has 
placed increased stress on the develop 
ment of mass communication. Songs 
on family planning and simple educa 
tional programs are being aired on All 
India Radio; feature length films are 
readily available. An inverted red tri 
angle is being widely promoted to in 
dicate, without need for words, where 
family planning services can be ob 
tained. All of these mass measures will 
help to augment the vital person-to- 
person approach. Q 




Some 900 Canadians are presently working in Africa, Asia, Latin 
America, and the Caribbean as representatives of CUSO, the 
Canadian University Service Overseas. Almost 100 are qualified 
nurses. For further information about CUSO service abroad, 
diploma and degree nurses should contact the local CUSO 
Committee in care of their nearest university or write: CUSO, 
151 Slater Street, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



out 



Does academic 
preparation make cents? 



Information about salaries paid to nurse 
faculty in Canada has become available, 
for the first time, through a study under 
taken by the Canadian Nurses Association 
and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 
The results of the study represent 100% 
of the 2.721 full-time nurse faculty in 
three kinds of programs, who were dis 
tributed as follows: 292 in provincially 
approved nursing assistant programs; 2,282 
in diploma programs leading to R.N.; and 
147 in university programs of nursing. 

The salaries used for discussion, and 
graphed below, are median annual salaries, 
which are found for each group by 
arranging all the salaries for that group 
in order of magnitude, and then selecting 
the middle value. Thus, for any particular 
group, there are an equal number of 
salaries above and below the median 
annual salary for that group. 

Although the data reflect salary levels 
as of November, 1965, it is nevertheless 
possible to draw conclusions about relative 
salaries paid to: 1. faculty members with 
differing academic preparation; and 2. 
faculty members having the same academic 
preparation and teaching in the three 
different kinds of programs. 

Academic Differentials: In programs for 
nursing assistants, the salary of faculty 
members with baccalaureate degrees was 



$920 more than the salary of faculty 
members without degrees. In diploma pro 
grams, the differential was $655, and in 
university programs, $437. An even more 
dramatic differential was evident at the 
next level of academic qualification. In 
programs for nursing assistants, the salary 
of faculty members with master s degrees 
was $1,850 more than the salary of faculty 
with baccalaureate degrees. In diploma 
programs, the differential was $1,115, while 
in the university programs it was $2,255. 

In university programs, the salary of 
faculty members with doctoral degrees was 
$2,758 more than the salary of faculty 
with master s degrees. 

To summarize these academic salary 
differentials, the data show that, by com 
bining the faculty members of all three 
programs and using as the basis for com 
parison the median annual salary of the 
faculty members without degrees, an addi 
tional amount of $699 per year was paid 
to holders of baccalaureate degrees, $2,482 
to those having master s degrees, and $6,394 
to those with doctoral degrees. 

Program Differentials: A startling fact 
becomes evident when median annual 
salaries paid to similarly prepared faculty 
are analyzed by the type of program in 
which they teach. Faculty salaries were 
higher in programs for nursing assistants 



than in diploma programs! This differential 
held true at all levels of academic pre 
paration. 

For faculty members with baccalaureate 
degrees, the diploma programs paid the 
lowest ($5,695); programs for nursing 
assistants paid $375 more per year; and 
university programs paid $367 more than 
the nursing assistant programs. At the 
master s degree level, the salary paid in 
diploma programs was again the lowest 
($6,810); nursing assistant programs paid 
$1,110 more per year, and salaries in 
university programs exceeded salaries in 
nursing assistant programs by $772 per 
year. 

These salary differentials among the 
three types of programs assume greater 
importance when it is noted that 84% 
of all faculty members were employed in 
diploma programs. Thus, the programs that 
prepare the greatest proportion of profes 
sional nurses were paying salaries the least 
likely to attract academically prepared 
faculty. 

The difference between median annual 
salaries paid in nursing assistant and 
diploma programs may be explained by 
the fact 17% of faculty members in nursing 
assistant programs were employed by 
departments of education. Will we see 
higher salaries in diploma programs as they 
move into departments o f education? 



Median 
Annual 
Salary 

$11.500 


Median Annual Salaries of 
Full-Time Nurse Faculty, 1965 


$11.450 


Key to Types of Programs: 

Provincially Approved 
Nursing Assistant 
Programs 


$11, 000 . 
$10,500. 

51 U. 000 
$9,500 




$8.692 




$9.000 
$8,500_ 
$8,000 _ 
$7,600 _ 
$7,000 




Diploma 
Programs 
Leading to R.N. 


$5.69 


S6.437 


$7,920 






mmmmm 


$6,500 _ 


$6,000 LS7J 


Ijj 




University 
Programs 
of Nursing 

Source: 
Education Division, 
Dominion Bureau of 
Statistics, and Research 
il Unit, Canadian Nurses 
! Association, 1967 


$5,500 _ 
$5.000 
$4500 


is! 

^ -- V- . ; 
$5.150 $5,040 Wp 

1 HH *;;> 
f:K: 










\. j p^ m 

No Ba 
Degree 


ccal 
Dec 


aure; 
ree 


te 


Mas 
Deg 


ter s 
ree 




D 


octor 
)egre 



THF CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



dates 



November 7-9, 1967 

9th Annual Meeting Operating Room 
Nurses of Montreal. To be held at 
Skyline Hotel, 6050 Cote de Liesse, 
Montreal, P.Q. 

November 13-14, 1967 

Annual Meeting of the Catholic Hos 
pital Conference of Saskatchewan. 
Sheraton Cavalier Motor Inn, Saska 
toon. 

November 13-17, 1967 

Nursing Conference on Patient Be 
havior, sponsored by Registered Nur 
ses Association of Ontario. Inn-on- 
the-Park, 1100 Eglinton Ave. E. To 
ronto. 

November 15-17, 1967 

Annual Meeting of the Saskatchewan 
Hospital Association, Besborough 
Hotel, Saskatoon. 

November 16-17, 1967 

ANPQ Annual Meeting, Chateau 
Frontenac, Quebec City. 

November 16-20, 1967 

Annual Conference of Adult Educa 
tion Association of the USA, Philadel 
phia. 

November 19-25, 1967 

Group Process and Organizational 
Skills Institute, sponsored by the 
Center for Continuing Education, York 
University, in cooperation with the 
Canadian Association for Adult Educa 
tion. Tuition $150. Location: The 
Talisman Resort, Beaver Valley, On 
tario. For information write: The 
Center for Continuing Education, Be 
havioral Sciences Building, 4700 Keele 
Street, Downsview (Toronto), Ontario. 

November 26 - December 1, 1967 

20th Annual Meeting of the World 
Federation for Mental Health, Lima, 
Peru. Theme: "Mental Health in Rapid 
ly Growing Populations." Inquiries: 
WFMH, I, rue Gevray, 1 20 1 Geneva, 
Switzerland. 

December 4-6, 1967 

First Canadian Conference on Hospi 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As- 

NOVEMBER 1967 



sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso 
ciation, Canadian Nurses Association, 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. 

January 25-27, 1968 

Royal College of Physicians and Sur 
geons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba. 

May, 1968 

Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses 
Alumnae 1968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 

May 13-17, 1968 

St. Boniface General Hospital, St. 
Boniface, Manitoba, class of 1 933 
reunion. For further particulars con 
tact Mrs. Mary (Louder) Isbell, Nursing 
Service, St. Boniface General Hospital, 
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba. 

June 2-24, 1968 

The seventh annual residential sum 
mer course on alcohol and addiction, 
co-sponsored by Laurentian University 
and the Addiction Research Founda 
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure 
balanced representation from all pro 
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to 
80. Location: Laurentian University, 
Sudbury, Ontario. For information 
write: Summer Course director, Educa 
tion Division, Addiction Research Foun 
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto 
4, Ontario. 

July 8-12, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association General 
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon 
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 

August 25-31, 1968 

5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para 
medical personnel. For information, 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 

October 31, 1968 

Fourth Congress of the International 
League of Societies for the Mentally 
Handicapped, Jerusalem, Israel. 



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books 



The Two Faces of Medicine by Carl 
Binger. M.D. 208 pages. Toronto, George 
J. McLeod Limited, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Margaret Mclntosh, 
Lecturer, School of Nursing, Queen s 
University, Kingston, Ontario. 

This book, written by a psychiatrist, is 
directed primarily to members of the med 
ical profession. It is a collection of addres 
ses, lectures, and papers presented by Dr. 
Binger over the past twenty years. 

The book does not attempt to define men 
tal health, but rather tries to explain the 
state of well-being one can attain. The fac 
tors encountered in the process of living in 
a particular social environment are simply 
and clearly outlined. 

Through study and experience, the author 
has developed a deep understanding of the 
human personality. The chapters dealing 
with anxiety, psychosomatic medicine, and 
mental health are particularly good for this 
reason and would be of considerable interest 
to nurses. 

Read at leisure, the book would provide 
an enjoyable look at the two faces of med 
icine as they are related to man in his 20th 
Century world. 



Communication in Nursing by Thora 
Kron, R.N., B.S. 244 pages. Philadelphia 
and London, W.B. Saunders Co., 1967. 
Reviewed by Mrs. P. Laird, Director of 
Nursing, Burnaby General Hospital, Bur- 
naby, B.C. 

The author states "the quantity and qual 
ity of patient care are directly affected by 
the effectiveness of the hospital communi 
cation process." Throughout the text she 
makes many suggestions for the improve 
ment of communication in hospitals. 

The book is divided into three parts: 
"Elements of Communication," "Communi 
cation is Your Job," and "Keys to Effective 
Communication." These parts are in turn 
divided into titled chapters, with a listing of 
the topics discussed. Sections on teaching, 
writing, speaking, leading a meeting, and 
even sign language are included. 

The book emphasizes the three-dimension 
al aspect of communication: downward, up 
ward, and horizontal. Also of interest are 
the questions at the end of every chapter 
and the suggestions for further study. 

All levels of nursing personnel would ben 
efit by this book. As a student text it is 
excellent; nurses should learn very early in 
their basic educational program the value 
of good communication in patient care. 

52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Nutrition by Ruth Brennan. 271 pages. Du- 
buque. Iowa, Wm. C. Brown, Company, 
1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Louise Comcau, Teach 
ing Dietitian, The Montreal General Hos 
pital, Montreal, P.Q. 

This is a reference text for dietitians, nu 
tritionists, nurses, students, and teachers. It 
contains a variety of articles on nutrition 
and diet therapy by 28 contributors, all res 
pected authorities in nutrition and medicine. 

The book is divided into three sections. 
The first deals with general nutrition, cul 
tural and social factors in nutrition, and 
world nutritional problems. It includes a re 
view of the principles of general optimum 
nutrition and their application in promoting 
health. It acquaints the reader with some of 
the nutritional problems encountered in 
American society, as well as in other parts 
of the world where economic conditions and 
cultural practices are quite different. 

The second section is devoted to nutrition 
in the life cycle and is concerned with the 
feeding problems of various age groups. The 
third section covers several aspects of diet 
therapy in the treatment of major conditions 
requiring dietary modifications, such as 
obesity, atherosclerosis, and chronic renal 
failure. 

The book is comprehensive; each article 
is concise, informative, and accompanied by 
an extensive bibliography. The need for the 
dietitian, the nurse, and other professional 
health workers to understand both the 
disease and the patient is made evident in 
the readings. 



The First Fifty Years Saskatche 
wan Registered Nurses Association 

by Marguerite E. Robinson. 220 pages. 
Regina, Saskatchewan Registered Nurses 
Association, 1967. 

Readers of this history will acclaim the 
words of Jean E. Brown Thomson, the writer 
of its foreward: "It is always a good thing 
to keep one s eye on the present and future, 
but it is folly to ignore the past. As in 
the life of an individual, so in the life 
of an organization, origins are important." 
The publication of its history by SRNA is 
an appropriate project for Canada s centen 
nial year. Its timeliness is commendable. 

Impressive research has given the publi 
cation a factual richness; however, its his 
torical merits have been impaired by the 
omission of precise footnote referencing and 
bibliography. The clarity and consistency of 
the book are impaired by its repetitiveness. 



The story of nursing education, for exam 
ple, would have been told more clearly and 
perhaps dramatically, if it had not been in 
terspersed throughout the book. 

However, the value of the book outweighs 
its faults. Future students, historians and so 
ciologists will be grateful to the Associa 
tion for the foresight that prompted the pub 
lication of The First Fifty Years. But still 
greater will be the respect and inspiration it 
gives to the selected few into whose keeping 
the direction of the Saskatchewan Registered 
Nurses Association will be entrusted in 
future. 



Public Health Nursing for the Sick at 
Home: A Descriptive Study by Visit 
ing Nurse Service of New York. Jane 
Holliday, Ed.D.. Project Director. 228 
pages. New York, Visiting Nurse Service 
of New York. 

Reviewed by Miss H. Elizabeth Cawslon, 
Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, 
University of British Columbia, Van 
couver, B.C. 

This book is the report of a study under 
taken to apply the research process to the 
utilization of visiting nurses to care for the 
sick at home. It was anticipated that the 
findings might furnish insight "for designing 
an experimental program that would at 
tempt to utilize optimally the skills of 
available nurses." Since the quantity and 
variety of patients requiring nursing care 
in their homes steadily increases, while 
available personnel decreases, the rationale 
for such a study appears sound. 

This study, descriptive in design, sought 
information in specific areas concerned with 
staff utilization from three sub-populations 
of the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. 
These were field staff nurses, patients, and 
human resources (family members, friends, 
etc.). Several different educational back 
grounds are reflected in the findings. Tools 
included a field staff nurse questionnaire, a 
patient interview guide, and a human re 
source interview guide. Each of these instru 
ments was pretested in an attempt to estab 
lish reliability, although one might question 
the rather limited pretesting done. Follow 
ing collection of the data, processing and 
tabulation were undertaken by the Bureau 
of Applied Research, Columbia University. 

Details of methodology, including the 
sampling procedures, sources of data, data 
collection, and data processing are included 
in Part I of the study report. 

Part II deals extensively with the charac 
teristics and opinions of the nurse respon- 
NOVEMBER 1967 



dents, from which emerges a group picture 
:>f backgrounds, professional aspirations, 
preferences in regard to types of patients, 
opinions in certain psycho-social areas, and 
a few facets of the nurse s self-image. 
Questionnaires were analyzed in terms of 
educational and professional backgrounds 
and personal attitudes and opinions, and 
took into consideration both study variables 
and the discrete variables of age, length of 
employment, and geographical background. 
Data are presented in tabular form and 
comparisons drawn on a percentage basis. 
Although much of the data elicited was 
subjective in nature, one wonders if validity 
might have been better ensured by the use 
of more sophisticated statistical techniques. 

Part III presents a similar type of anal 
ysis of the characteristics and opinions of 
patients and human resources. Patient in 
terviews were stratified as to those with 
or without correlate human resource inter 
views. The chi-square method of testing 
for significant difference was employed in 
analyzing the dichotomized data. The re 
maining data were tabulated and percent 
age comparison made. This section of the 
study is lengthy and somewhat difficult to 
follow with sustained interest, although 
tables are well explained and interpreted, 
and conclusions are drawn with clarity. Sel 
ected excerpts of respondents replies that 
explain their bases of reasoning help to 
minimize what would otherwise be rather 
tedious reading. 

In the final section of the study, broad 
conclusions are made and recommendations 
advanced that are intended to be applicable 
to the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. 
Although the recommendations are specific 
to this agency, many of them should have 
meaningful implications for public health 
nursing practice in other areas. It will 
come as no surprise to public health nurses 
that the nurse respondents reiterated some 
old familiar tunes, such as "more time is 
needed for rehabilitative care," and "too 
much time is spent with active patients who 
are capable of self-care." Lack of recog 
nition of the potential of both human re 
sources and nonprofessional nurses to as 
sume much more of the less intricate care 
functions was evident in the nurse respon 
dent group. This once more points out the 
continuing need for public health agencies 
to study how their present staff nurses 
might be better utilized. 

This report should be of particular in 
terest to graduate students in nursing who 
are involved in research projects, but there 
are also implications for professional staff 
in both the service and educational areas 
of public health nursing. 



WHO Expert Committee on Nursing, 
Fifth Report. 32 pages. Geneva, World 
Health Organization, 1966. Available from 
Queen s Printer, Ottawa. 
Reviewed by Miss Frances Howard, Con- 

NOVEMBER 1967 



sultant, Nursing Service, Canadian Nurses 
Association. 

The World Health Organization Expert 
Committee on Nursing, in its fifth report, 
has maintained the Organization s reputa 
tion in its expert consideration of problems 
facing the world today and in the future. 
It is difficult to set guidelines for action 
in a world community constituted of many 
and varied social, cultural, and economic 
patterns. The Committee has, however, 
developed a plan of action for the provision 
of nursing services designed to meet the 
needs of all countries. 

The report recommends three categories 



of nursing personnel, differentiated by 
education and function. The Committee 
recognizes that there will be variations in 
the proportions of personnel in each 
category from country to country. A nucleus 
of nurses prepared at the highest level is 
recommended as essential in providing 
responsible leadership. Limiting nursing 
personnel to no more than three groups 
will prevent further fragmentation of nurs 
ing care. The Expert Committee believes 
that the system can be developed generally. 
The responsibilities of the different grades 
of personnel are described, providing a 
foundation on which to build a nursing 
service program. 



From Collier-Macmillan- NEW BOOKS 

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The Nurse and the Dying Patient 

by Jeanne C. Quint, University of California $7.70 

Even early in their careers nurses may have to care for a dying 
patient. Emotional conflicts result, and this book provides guide 
lines to the curricula changes needed to help them in their en 
counters with death, and to bring understanding of the human 
and physical needs of the dying patient. 

A new edition of a best-selling textbook 

Proudfit-Robinson s Normal and 
Therapeutic Nutrition, Thirteenth 
Edition 

by Corrine H. Robinson, Drexel Institute of Technology $9.10 
An extensive revision and reorganization with new or up dated 
chapters, tables, appendices and references, plus a revised recipe 
section. 

A book on Statistics written especially for nurses 

Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation 
of Quantitative Information 

by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of 
Oregon $10.00 

This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics, 
learn the techniques needed to evaluate research reports and to 
formulate problems for statistical analysis. Examples used relate 
to clinical nursing. 

Statistics for Nurses: The Evaluation 
of Quantitative Information 

by Jeanne S. Phillips and Richard F. Thompson, University of 
Oregon $10.00 

This book helps nurses understand the applications of statistics, 
learn the techniques needed to evaluate research reports and to 
formulate problems for statistical analysis. Examples used relate 
to clinical nursing. 

Order the above for your library 
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THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



books 



Discussion on nursing education is lim 
ited to the preparation of the nurse, the 
practitioner defined by the International 
Council of Nurses as giving "the most 
responsible service of a nursing nature." 
The report includes guidelines for the 
development of basic, postbasic, post 
graduate, and continuing educational pro 
grams for nursing. 

"A research minded profession can be a 
powerful instrument for improving nursing 
service in harmony with the changing needs 
of society." These words conclude a section 
of the report describing the role of research 
in nursing education, service, and practice. 



The Macmillan Dictionary for Practi 
cal and Vocational Nurses, edited by 
Grace E. Fitch, R.N., M.S. and Mary 
Jane Dubiny, R.N., B.S. 308 pages. New 
York, The Macmillan Company, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Sandra Fast, B.Sc.N., 
Instructor, Central School for Practical 
Nurses, Winnipeg. 

This first edition dictionary bears out the 
authors purpose of providing a reference 



dictionary for practical nurses. The terms 
and definitions are kept within the range 
of material needed by the nursing student 
of this level. Explanations are brief and 
clear and expressed in simple terms that 
provide the information a practical nurse re 
quires. Diagrams are well executed, ad 
equate in number, and add to the useful 
ness and general interest of the book. 

The section of appendices covers many 
areas of information of interest to the 
practical nurse. Appendix I, the statement 
of functions of the licensed practical nurse, 
describes the most widely accepted and un 
derstood areas of competence prescribed by 
law and the nursing profession without 
reference to local or national customs or 
variations that might confuse the student. 

Appendix III, on drugs, is especially 
good. It is up to date in content, and scien 
tific words are described in simple term 
inology. The same may be said of the ap 
pendices on anatomy and communicable 
diseases. 

On the whole, this reference dictionary 
would be useful for the student and prac 
titioner of practical nursing. 

Diagnostic Microbiology by W. Robert 
Bailey, Ph.D. and Elvyn G. Scott, M.S., 
M.T. (ASCP). 342 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1966. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Patricia Stretch, Clin 
ical Supervisor, Isolation, University of 



Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. 

As suggested by the title, the book con 
centrates on the laboratory diagnosis of 
microorganisms only and is not a general 
microbiology text. It is more detailed and 
complete than that required for student 
nurses studying microbiology or bacteriol 
ogy, but it would be an excellent reference 
for a student to have available in her lib 
rary, as well as a good reference for nurs 
ing instructors in areas associated with mi 
crobiology. Its 10 parts cover such topics 
as classification of the plant kingdom, 
viruses and rickettsiae, and fungi. 

The authors are knowledgable in their 
subject. W. Robert Bailey is professor of 
biological sciences, University of Delaware, 
Newark, Delaware; and Elvyn G. Scott 
is bacteriologist-in-charge, department of 
bacteriology, and consultant of the pyelone 
phritis clinic, Delaware Division, and con 
sultant in bacteriology. 

The format is well organized, with fre 
quent sub-headings. There is reference ma 
terial listed at the conclusion of each chap 
ter, but much of this material is American 
and would be difficult to obtain. However, 
the text is as complete as necessary for use 
by nurses and additional reference material 
would be superfluous. The book lacks a 
glossary and illustrations, which would 
make it a more valuable reference for 
both student and instructor. 




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A Bibliography and Reference Guide 
for Occupational Health Nurses in 
Canada by the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. 23 pages. Ottawa, 
Queen s Printer, 1967. 

This guide is the revised version of A 
Reference Handbook for Occupational 
Health Nurses first prepared in 1960. It 
provides a select listing of health publica 
tions grouped under major headings. There 
has been no attempt to list short papers 
and articles pertaining to occupational 
health nursing. Instead, journals and other 
sources of continuing information have been 
included. 

For the 1967 version, many occupational 
health nurses across Canada reviewed the 
draft and made suggestions that have res 
ulted in this publication. Suggestions made 
only once could not be included, but the 
publication will be revised periodically. 

A Handbook of Pediatrics for Nurses 
in General Training, 3d. ed., by Q. M. 
Jackson, D.N. (Lond.) 108 pages. H. K. 
Lewis & Co. Ltd., London, England. 

Reviewed by Miss J. Parnell, Clinical 
Instructor, The Children s Hospital of 
Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



As the title implies, the author aims to 
provide a textbook in pediatrics for nurses. 
She states in the preface that the book is 
written for student nurses and retired nur 
ses returning to the field. 

The text is designed for nursing in Eng 
land and most methods outlined differ from 
the methods with which we have become 
familiar in Canada. Also hindering its value 
as a student text is the detailed description 
of specifics, rather than their underlying 
principles. Statements often are made with 
out the scientific reason behind them. 

The limited depth of the content of this 
text makes its value to Canadian schools 
of nursing doubtful. 

A Nurses Guide to Anaesthetics, 
Resuscitation and Intensive Care, 

3d ed., by Walter Norris, M.D., F.F.A.R. 
C.S., and Donald Campbell, M.B., Ch.B., 
F.F.A.R.C.S., D.A. 151 pages. E. & S. 
Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 
1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Mary Ellis, Super 
visor of Inservice Education, Queen 
Elizabeth Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. 

This book was written for student nurses 
by two Scottish anesthetists in 1964 to ex 
plain the effect of present day anesthetics 
on the nursing care of the patient. In this 
third edition, the authors have revised 
many of their original chapters and have 
brought the book up to date. 



There is much material that would in 
evitably overlap with other nursing texts 
presently in use in Canada. Preoperative 
care is described in great detail. Three 
illustrations show how patients should not 
be placed on carriers (one of which shows 
the head entirely unsupported). The tone 
of this section makes one wonder for what 
level of intelligence the book was intended. 
The description of anesthetic agents and 
their actions and use of equipment in the 
intensive care unit is complete. 

As an addition to a school of nursing 
library, the beginning chapters of this book 
can be recommended for additional reading 
for reinforcement. It could be helpful in 
providing some new material for students 
regarding resuscitation and use of equip 
ment in intensive care units. 



Medical Terminology, 2d. ed., by Gene- 
vieve Love Smith and Phyllis E. Davis. 
289 pages. John Wiley & Sons, New 
York, 1967. 

Reviewed by Mrs. Jean Burrows, Instruc 
tor, School of Nursing, St. Boniface Gen 
eral Hospital, St. Boniface, Manitoba. 

This programed text is intended for 
those studying the medical or paramedical 
fields. The authors indicate that it also 
could be used by persons in the business 
world or the armed forces in frequent con 
tact with the world of medicine. A high 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 




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school education is the only prerequisite 
for the course. 

The actual value of this book would be 
to medical secretaries and librarians who 
require much of this vocabulary with a 
limited understanding of its meaning. The 
nurse would find less use for much of the 
technical medical vocabulary, since she re 
quires a deeper knowledge of the meaning 
of the terms she uses. 

The introductory portion includes frames 
on the use of the program, the word build 
ing system, and the methods of studying the 
medical terminology. The authors suggest 
a 30-hour course, and the remainder of the 
book sets out 30 suggested assignments. 

One section that would be beneficial to 
the nursing student is the section on the 
word-building system. If she utilized the 
basic principles outlined, she should be 
able to deduce the meaning of many of the 
medical terms she will meet. 

The authors suggest to the teacher that 
the frames be assigned as homework, and 
that class time be utilized for practice in 
pronouncing the words correctly and ques 
tions and discussion about the material 
previously covered. A series of eight criter 
ion tests and the final examination used 
in the couse are available from the pub 
lisher, as an additional aid. 

Foundations of Pediatric Nursing 

by Violet Broadribb, R.N., M.S. 573 
pages. J.B. Lippincott Co., Toronto. 

Reviewed by Miss Barbara Burke, Assist 
ant to the Director of Nursing Education, 
Lakes/lore General Hospital, Montreal, 
P.Q. 

The author has provided the nursing 
profession with a valuable reference book. 
In it she endeavors to focus the reader s 
attention on the total environment of the 
child rather than on specific disease-orient 
ed nursing. As the title implies, the book 
provides a broad foundation of knowledge 
to guide the student and graduate nurse 
toward a fuller understanding of the child 
and his needs. 

The book is divided into eight units. 
The introduction contains an interesting 
summary of the history of pediatric nursing, 
which aids the nurse in understanding pre 
sent concepts of nursing, and stimulates 
her to develop concepts for the future. Two 
chapters of particular interest in the in 
troduction are a description of the play 
program and observations of a sick child. 

Units two to seven describe the child, 
his development and specific diseases from 
the prenatal period. Each unit is clear 
concise, and well-organized with many 
photographs and diagrams throughout. 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Unit eight is quite unique for a pedia 
tric text. The author presents a picture of 
children throughout the world, bringing to 
pediatric nursing the universal aspect so 
important in this world of migrating people. 

In her preface the author states "This 
book is written with a realization of the 
nurse s need to develop a broad and deep 
perspective of the meaning of nursing 
children." She has attained her objective. 

ANA Clinical Sessions, American 
Nurses Association, 1966. 272 pages. 
New York. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Div 
isions of Meredith Publishing Co., 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Jean R. Godard, As 
sistant Professor, Medical-Surgical Nurs 
ing, School for Graduate Nurses, Mont 
real, Quebec. 

This collection of papers from the 1966 
Clinical Sessions of the American Nurses 
Association represents an attempt to assist 
the nurse to improve the quality of her 
nursing care through a wider dissemination 
of new and evolving knowledge in the social 
sciences. Nursing experiences of many ex 
perts are presented and analyzed. In the 
10 sessions and five clinics reported, dis 
cussions concern the behavior of people 
under social pressure from their environ 
ment. Barriers to communication, approach 
es to problem patients, preparation of nurs 
ing diagnoses, clinical nursing problems, 
community health, and education are topics 
that come under consideration. 

This book would be a useful adjunct to 
the library of those interested in a more 
scientific approach to nursing care. It is 
illustrative of the increasing complexity of 
the knowledge of man and his relationships 
that is so vital to the professional nurse 
today. The readability of these papers 
should also make them useful to the teach 
er of nursing as source material for study 
and discussion. 

Issues in Nursing by Bonnie Bullough, 
R.N., M.S., and Vern Bullough, Ph.D. 
278 pages. New York, Springer Publish 
ing Company, Inc., 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss Helen Cummings, In 
structor, School of Nursing, Hospital for 
Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario. 

As the title indicates, this book is a com 
posite of selected articles and papers writ 
ten during the past years on the changes 
in nursing. The material has been written 
by nurses with a wide variety of back 
grounds and experience, by sociologists, and 
by doctors. Reports by groups in research 
fields and government studies also are in 
cluded. 

The five main section headings Educa 
tion of Nurses, Nursing as a Profession, 
The Nursing Role, Economic Problems of 
the Profession, and Patient Centered Care 

NOVEMBER 1967 



Next Month 



in 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

homosexuality among women 

attitudes toward dying patients 



conception control in family, 
planning 




Photo credits for 
November 

Newton, Ottawa, p. 12 

Evangelos Photography, 
Vancouver, pp. 30, 31 

Rapid, Grip and Batten, Ltd., 
cover and pp. 37, 39, 40, 41 

Gaby, p. 38 
Dominion-Wide, p. 42, 43 

Department of Family Planning, 
Government of India, 
pp. 46, 48,. 49 



books 



all indicate areas of concern to nurses. 
Many of the articles already have been 
published in nursing journals, but now com 
bined into one book, they provide an op 
portunity for study and for better under 
standing of various points of view on cur 
rent issues in nursing. The careful selection 
and editing of the book make it an excel 
lent source of reference for a variety of 
material. 

This book could prove to be interesting 
and meaningful to any nurse. It would be 
a good reference text for senior nursing 
students concerned with trends in nursing, 
as well as for graduate nurses who may be 
preparing material for workshops or dis 
cussion groups. 

The Psychology of the Sickbed by J.H. 

van den Berg* Ph.D., M.D. 136 pages. 

Pittsburgh, Pa., Duquesne University 

Press, 1966. 

Reviewed by Miss H. LeFeuvre, Director 
of Nursing, James Paton Memorial Hos 
pital, Gander, Newfoundland. 

In this textbook the writer gives a clear, 
concise explanation of the thoughts, feelings 
and problems of the sick and discusses, from 
the patient s point of view, the emotional 
problems that may arise as a result of any 
illness. 

The book is divided into five sections. 
The first section deals with the meaning of 
being ill and with the problems disturbing 
the patient as he endeavors to adjust to the 
changes in the pattern of ordinary, everyday 
things around him. 

The author discusses the attitude and 
behavior of visitors and the patient s feelings 
toward visitors as well as the relationship 
between the patient and physician. Although 
he does not treat nurse-patient contacts, he 
contends that the nurse has a very definite 
role in the life of the patient. 

This 136-page book is easily read. It 
should make interesting and worthwhile 
reading, not only for those directly concern 
ed with the care of the sick but also for the 
general public. This book would be valuable 
to student nurses and may help them to 
become more understanding of patient needs. 



A handbook and charting manual for 
student nurses, 4th ed., by Alice L. 
Price, R.N., M.A. 211 pages. The C.V. 
Mosby Co., Saint Louis, 1967. 
Reviewed by Mr. C. O Connor, Instruc 
tor, The General Hospital of Port Ar 
thur, Port Arthur, Ontario, 

The purpose of this instructive book is 
to help student nurses to improve their 
arithmetic, spelling, vocabulary, reading. 



Tubegauz 

SEAMLESS 

TUBULAR 

GAUZE 




Applied with special "Cage- 
Type" Applicators. Saves up to 
50% over ordinary methods- 
Hospitals, schools and clinics can 
save time and money with the Tube 
gauz Method. Ten sizes of applicators 
simplify bandaging fingers, toes, 
hands, feet, legs, arms, head and 
body. Because Tubegauz is double- 
bleached highest quality cotton yarn, 
it can be washed, sterilized in an 
autoclave used many times. 

TIME STUDIES PROVE TUBEGAUZ SAVINGS 




Ordinary Gauze TUBEGAUZ 
Material Used 151 Inches 24 Inches 

Bandaging Time 2 Win. 10 Sec. 34 Sec. 



one of the Scholl 
family of quality surgical 
bandages, plasters and dressings. 



NOVEMBER 1967 



Write for 32-page illus 
trated booklet, "New Techniques of 
Bandaging with Tubegauz." 

Surgical Supply Division 

THE SCHOLL MFG. CO. LTD. 

174 Bartley Drive, Toronto 16, Ont. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



books 



study habits, personal appearance and at 
titudes, handwriting, printing, and chart 
ing. The material is well presented, clearly 
written, and covered competently and thor 
oughly. 

The book is designed so that the student 
who needs help with speaking, reading, and 
writing intelligently can work on these 
areas, evaluate her needs, and progress 
with minimum dependence on her instruc 
tors. In this way valuable classroom time 
does not have to be devoted to material that 
should have been mastered in high school. 
The book also can be used as a supplement 
to basic lectures in pharmacology, funda 
mentals of nursing, and professional ad 
justments. 

An interesting feature of the text is 
that it contains arithmetic, spelling, and 
vocabulary tests that can be given to appli 
cants to schools of nursing during the 
initial interview. If prospective students 
discover weaknesses in their knowledge, 
they can use the book before entering 
the school and improve their chances of 
succeeding in the nursing course ahead. 

The author seems to have achieved her 
purpose. Teachers responsible for guiding 
and counseling beginning students should 
find it helpful. 



films 



CNA Film "Vigil" 

Television coverage for the recruitment 
film prepared by the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation is being handled by Modern Talk 
ing Picture Services, Toronto. With the six 
prints given to them, they estimate eight to 
ten telecasts per print per year, or an over 
all estimate of 60 telecasts each year. The 
estimated viewing audience is approximately 
30,000. 

Plans are also underway to place four 
additional prints with them for release to 
community audiences. In this instance, 15 to 
18 bookings per print are anticipated, with 
an average viewing audience of about 80 
people. This provides approximately 60 to 
68 showings each year, with a total au 
dience of about 5,000 people. 

The CNA Library will supply prints for 
nursing audiences. 

Leprosy 

The Name of the Cloud Is Ignorance is 

an 18-minute, black-and-white film showing 
the work being done in India and elsewhere 
to control and eventually to eradicate lep 
rosy. Treatment of the disease and cure 

58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



of even advanced cases is portrayed. 

The film would be of interest to schools 
of nursing as an extra film on communicable 
disease or on world health problems and to 
nursing chapters. It is suitable for adult 
audiences only. 

It has been reviewed and is recommended 
by the Film Committee of the Overseas In 
stitute of Canada. Persons interested in using 
the film are advised to try local sources (li 
braries, universities, departments of educa 
tion) first. The film is also available from 
the Canadian Film Institute, 1762 Carling 
Ave., Ottawa; a service charge is made for 
this service. 

Metabolic Disorders 

Three new films on metabolic disorders 
- with special emphasis on diabetes re 
cently have been added to the library of the 
Pfizer Company Limited, 50 Place Crema- 
zie, Montreal 11, Quebec. These films may 
be borrowed by medical or nursing organ 
izations. 

Metabolic Abnormalities is a 22-minute 
black-and-white film showing a panel presen 
tation on international developments in clin 
ical and experimental research into the un 
derlying mechanisms of diabetes. This film 
should be screened before use as a teach 
ing film for nursing students. 

Treatment of Diabetes also is shown as a 
panel presentation. The treatment of dia 
betes is seen as a tripod of management, 
with diet, exercise, and medication used in 
the proper balance. The current status of 
oral therapy and insulin management is re 
viewed in depth. 

Vascular Complications of Diabetes is a 
film primarily for medical audiences. It dis 
cusses the nature of vascular complications 
of diabetes and some of the research pro 
grams that are being carried on in this area. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted^) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
59) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. The age of automation by Leon Bagrit. 
Hardmondsworth, Penguin Books, c!965. 
92p. 

2. Au service de I esprit; une etude des 
services psychiatriques au Canada par J. S. 



Tyhurst et autres. lere ed. Montreal, Asso 
ciation Canadienne pour la Sante mentale, 
Division du Quebec, 1966. 

3. Book of reports, NSNA convention 
1965-1967. New York, National Student 
Nurses Association. 3v. 

4. Centennial Nursing Institute on Res 
piratory Diseases, April 21, 1967, Ottawa. 
Report. Ottawa, Canadian Tuberculosis As 
sociation, 1967. Iv. 

5. Changing patterns of higher education 
in Canada. Edited by Robin S. Harris. To 
ronto, University of Toronto Press for the 
Ontario College of Education, c!966. I06p. 

6. The circle back. New York, Nursing 
Advisory Service on Tuberculosis and Other 
Respiratory Diseases of the National Tuber 
culosis Association and the National League 
for Nursing, 1967. lllp. 

7. Folio of reports and proceedings; 53rd 
annual meeting, June 8-9, 1967. Winnipeg, 
Manitoba Association of Registered Nurses 
1967. 52p. 

8. The foundation directory. 3d. Edited 
by Marianna O. Lewis. New York, Russell 
Sage Foundation, 1967. 1198p. R 

9. Foundations 20 viewpoints. Significant 
papers selected from Foundation News, 
Bulletin of Centre. Edited by F. Emerson 
Andrews. New York, Russell Sage Founda 
tion, 1965. 108p. 

10. A history of the International Coun 
cil of Nurses 1899-1964; the first sixty -five 
years by Daisy Caroline Bridges. Philadel 
phia, Lippincott, c!967. 254p. 

11. The intensive therapy unit and the 
nurse by Eric K. Gardner and Brenda Shel- 
ton. London, Faber, 1967. 162p. 

12. Le nursing psychiatrique par Irma 
Butz et Diane Tremblay. Montreal, Renou- 
veau Pedagogique, 1966. 205p. 

13. Precis de pratique medicate par A. 
Molinier, C. Pedoya et L. Tabusse. Paris, 
Doin, 1963. 1350p. 

14. The Rockefeller Foundation annual 
report for 1966. New York, 1967. 246p. 

15. The story of modern medicine by 
Lawrence Rosenberg and Nancy Rosenberg. 
New York, Norton, c!966. lllp. 

16. The two faces of medicine by Carl 
Binger. 1st ed. New York, Norton, c!967. 
208p. 

17. Urologic par Jean-Claude Fortier. Re 
vise par Noel Versehelden. Ottawa, Re- 
nouveau Pedagogique, 1966. 46p. 

PAMPHLETS 

18. Are we preparing licensed practical 
nurses to meet community needs? Papers 
presented at the sixth Conference of the 
Council of Member Agencies . . . New 
York City, May 6-7, 1967. New York, Na 
tional League for Nursing, Dept. of Prac 
tical Nursing Programs, 1967. 19p. 

19. The CM A in action. Toronto, Cana 
dian Medical Association, 1966. 22p. 

20. The media explosion hits higher edu 
cation. Reprint. Toronto, Canadian Univer 
sity, vol. 2, no. 2, March/ April 1967. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



accession list 



21. L infirmiere auxiliaire: apercu de le 
gislation sanitaire comparee. Geneve, Orga 
nisation Mondiale de la Sante, 1966. 39p. 

22. Statements on the recommendations 
of the report of the Minister of Health s 
Committee on the supply of nurses. Win 
nipeg, Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses, 1967. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

23. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Hos 
pital morbidity. Ottawa. Queen s Printer, 
1967. 123p. 

24. Hospital statistics; v.6. Hospital ex 
penditures 1965. Ottawa. Queen s Printer, 
1967. 117p. 

25. Hospital statistics: v.5. Hospital rev 
enues 1965. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
43p. 

British Columbia 

26. Dept. of Health Services and Hos 
pital Insurance. Seventieth annual report of 
public health services for the year ended 
December 31, 1966. Victoria, 1967. 74p. 
New Brunswick 

27. Medical School Survey Committee. 
Report. Fredericton, 1967. 154p. 

United States 

28. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 



fare. Characteristics of persons with diabetes, 
United Slates, July 1964 June 1965. 
Washington, 1967. 44p. 

29. Prevalence of chronic conditions and 
impairments among residents of nursing 
and personal care homes United States, 
May-June 1964. Washington, 1967. 36p. 

30. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics. Industry wage survey. Hospitals 
July 1966. Washington, U.S. Gov t. Print. 
Off., 1967. 107p. 

STUDIES IN CNA REPOSITORY COLLECTION 

31. The association between information 
given to patients prior to a diagnostic proce 
dure and the patients adaptation to the 
procedure by Swarna Lecamwasam. Mon 
treal, 1967. 56p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) 
McGill. R 

32. Factors influencing the creation of a 
research climate in university nursing schools 
by Janetta MacPhail. Ann Arbor, 1966. 
353p. Thesis Michigan. R 

33. The observational process in nursing: 
the collection of information, and its utiliza 
tion in making a nursing assessment and 
planning for patient care by Beatrice Sal 
mon. Montreal, 1967. 66p. Thesis (M.Sc. 
(App.)) McGill. R 

34. The relation between presence of 
mothers with their hospitalized children and 
children s recovery after tonsillectomy by 
Stella Shonola-Shoyinka. Montreal, 1967. 
32p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) McGill. R 



35. A study of the relation of "fit" into 
the role system of a hospital school of nurs 
ing and withdrawal from the school of nurs 
ing by Dorothy J. Taylor. Montreal, 1967. 
43p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) McGill. R 

36. A study of the relationships among 
selected educational evaluations in schools 
of nursing and performance on licensure 
examinations by Barbara G. Kuhn. Mon 
treal, 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) 
McGill. R. 

37. A study of the relationship between a 
nurse s knowledge of physiological principles 
and her performance of a specific technical 
procedure by Jane E. Henderson. Montreal, 
1967. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) McGill. R 

38. A study to determine change in both 
the student s higher level general values and 
her lower level specific values, during a psy 
chiatric nursing experience by Mary Reidy. 
Montreal, 1967. 60p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) 

- McGill. R 

39. A study to examine the relationships 
between the congruency among the expecta 
tions held by the head nurse, the medical 
officer and the staff nurses for the role of 
the head nurse and the acceptance of the 
role by Olivette Gareau. Montreal, 1967. lv., 
69p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) McGill. R 

40. Whom do nursing students perceive 
as important in giving reward for their nurs 
ing action? by Patricia S.B. Anderson. Mont 
real, 1967. 161p. Thesis (M.Sc.(App.)) - 
McGill. R n 



Request Form 
for "Accession List" 

CANADIAN NURSES 
ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 
LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 
50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the 

issue of The Canadian Nurse, 

or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when 
available. 



Item 
No. 



Author Short title (for identification) 



Request for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 
Reference and restricted material must be used in the 
CNA library. 

Borrower 

Registration No. 
Position 



Address 



Date of request 



AVAILABLE SOON! 



REPORT OF THE INQUIRY COMMISSION 
ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE 

(CASTONGUAY REPORT) 



Volume I Health Insurance $2.50 

Volume II Interns and Residents $1 .00 



WATCH FOR THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VERSIONS, 
now in preparation. French-language editions are already 
on sale at the Commission s offices, 360 McGill Street, 
Montreal and at the office of the Queen s Printer, Parliament 
Buildings, Quebec. 

Each order must be accompanied by a money order or 
certified cheque, payable to the Minister off/nance. 



THE QUEBEC DEPARTMENT 
OF HEALTH AND WELFARE 



4> 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 59 



classified advertisements 




ALBERTA 


ALBERTA 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 



Registered Nurses required for a 51 -bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 




Registered Nurses WANTED for a 30-bed hospital 
located on highway 12, east central Alberta. 
Salary and personnel policies as per AARN. Apply 
to the Director of Nursing, Our Lady of the Rosary 
Hospital, Castor, Alberto. 

Registered Nurses required for the Peace River 
Municipal Hospital. Salary $390 $465. Credit for 
past experience as recommended by AARN. New 
Hospital and nurses residence. Apply to: Miss Jean 
Glencross, R.N., Director of Nursing, Peace River, 
Alberta. 

Registered Nurse required for 34-bed general hos 
pital. Salary range $380. to $450. Recognition for 
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo 
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta. 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 

hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos 
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberta. 

General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 




50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 



GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salory range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 



sonnel policies as per AARN and A.M. A. Apply; 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation Alberta. 




GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located In Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 
$440 per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ler. Alberta. 1-31-2A 

General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450, Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1 A 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Modern 26-bed hospital 
close to Edmonton. 3 buses daily. Salary $380 to 
$450 per month commensurate with experience. 
Residence available at $40.00 per month. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Mayerthorpe Municipal Hospital, Mayerthorpe, Al- 
beria. 1-61-1 

General Duty Nurses required by ISO-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 $405 to $485. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 



General Duty Nursing positions are available in c 
100-bed convalescent rehabilitation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 




Nurses required for a 50-bed AUXILIARY HOSPITAL 
in town of 4000. Salay range $380 - $450. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence accommodation avail 
able. Policies available on request. Apply to Mrs. 
A. Tetarenko, R.N., Director of Nursing, Wainwright- 
Provost Auxiliary Hospital, Wainwright, Alberta. 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 

B.C. Registered Nurses {or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 
2-76-4A 

Operating Room Head Nurse ($464 - $552), General 
Duty Nurses (B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Regis 
tered $390) for fully accredited 113-bed hospital in 
N.W. B.C. Excellent fishing, skiing, skating, curling 
and bowling. Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses 
residence, room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, 
Kitimot, British Columbia. 2-36-1 

OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR required for 121- 
bed active General Hospital situated in the Okana- 
gan Valley. Advanced preparation preferred. Basic 
1967 salary $468. RNABC policies in effect. Ap 
ply: Director of Nursing, Penticton Hospital, Pentic- 
ton, British Columbia. 

REGISTERED, GRADUATE NURSES and PRACTICAL 
NURSES For modern 70-bed accredited hospital 
on Vancouver Island, B.C. Resort area Home of 



enquiries to: Lhrector ot Nursing c>ervices, Camp 
bell River & District General Hospital, Campbell 
River, British Columbia. 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Froser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 



60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Registered or non-registered General Duty Nurses 
and Nursing Assistants (3 required immediately) 
for new 31 -bed, active treatment hospital, located 
in the South Cariboo. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Nurses residence available. 
Apply in writing to : Director of Nursing, 100 Mile 
District General Hospital, 100 Mile House, British 
Columbia. 2-50-2 

General Duty Nurses for active 30-bed hospital. 
RNABC policies and schedules in effect, also North 
ern allowance. Accommodations available in res 
idence. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Fort Nelson, British Columbia. 2-23-1 

General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable, modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551 -5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour 
5 day week, Vacation with pay Comfortable, at 
tractive nurses residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Smithers, B.C. 2-67-1 

General Duty Nurse for 54- bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405, B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 

General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital Central B.C. R.N. A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 

Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience). 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after ] year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 

General Duty, O.R. and experienced Obstetrical 
Nurses for modern, 150-bed hospital located in the 
beautiful Fraser Valley. Personnel policies in ac 
cordance with RNABC. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Cntlliwack General Hospital, Chilliwack, British Co 
lumbia^ 2-13-1 

General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 43 4- bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73-13 

GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 1 64-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un 
limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, 10 statutory holidays, 
1 l /2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co 
lumbia. 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 

NOVEMBER 1967 






: 











f 



._ 



m 



GO!... Where the ACTION is! 

Albany Medical Center, that s where. A modern teaching hos 
pital perfectly located in beautiful upstate New York ... on 
the doorstep of New York City s bright lights . . . exciting 
horse racing at Saratoga . . . summer homes of the Philadelphia 
and Boston Symphony Orchestras . . . scenic Lake George . . . 
and the greatest skiing in the East. 

Our nursing opportunities are tops, too. For details, send for 
our free booklet, "Albany Medical Center Nurse." 

Albany Medical Center Hospital 




Mrs. Helen Middleworth, Director, Nursing Service 
Albany Medical Center Hospital 
Albany, New York 12208 

Please send me a free copy of your nursing booklet. 



NAME 



ADDRESS 



CITY 



NOVEMBER 1967 



.STATE ZIP CAN 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training, British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, Bri 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 



MANITOBA 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital at Vita, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos 
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum 
salary $395 to a maximum of $480, with extra 
monetary consideration given for experience. For 
further particulars write or phone collect to: 
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos 
pital, Roblin, Manitoba. 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 

Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apply to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kentville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 



ONTARIO 



Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified. 
Salary range $6,652 $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc.N.; 
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit. 
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital 
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick 
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr. 
E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh 
Street, Chatham, Ontario. 

Registered Nurse and Technician required for O.R. 
Department of 81 -bed hospital. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 
dr ntri 7-51-1 



, 
Goderich, Ontario. 



OPERATING ROOM NURSE and CENTRAL SUPPLY 
SUPERVISOR: wanted for 50-bed hospital. State ex 
perience and references. Apply to: Administrator, 
Saugeen Memorial Hospital, Southampton, Ontario. 

WANTED: EXPERIENCED REGISTERED NURSE, Insti 
tution under 100 beds. Excellent working conditions. 
Shift work, car allowance and satisfactory fringe 
benefits. State references by making application to: 
O.H.M.R.I., P.O. Box 100, Plainfield, Ontario. 

Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32- bed 
hospital in north western Ontario. Salary schedule 
$450, to $550. per month. Accommodation available. 
Excellent personnel policies. Please reply in writing 
to: Miss M. McLeoa, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan 
General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 

REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 

Registered Nurses for 34-bed hospital, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation* with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40-1 

62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 

bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 



Nursing Positions for REGISTERED NURSES; for 

325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital 
centrally located in the city; for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On 
tario. 



Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 179, Wawa, Ontario. 

7-1 40-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario. 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N. A. is $390. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel policies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 83-bed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. 5 salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at 100%. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 



REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for 100-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
living- in accommodation. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 



Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28-bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and tourist area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 




REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 
accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

Registered General Duty Nurses required for 81-bed 
hospital. Salary range $400-$445 per month accord 
ing to experience and qualifications. Residence ac 
commodation available. Attractive new hospital, good 
working conditions. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, Goderich, 
Ontario. 7-51-1 A 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in 29-bed 
active treatment hospital. Salary $415 to $455. 3 
week vacation, 8 Statutory holidays. 40 hour week. 
Excellent personnel policies. Apply Administratrix, 
Bingham Memorial Hospital, Matheson, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern. General Hospital. 
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7- 127-4 A 

General Duty Nurses for 66- bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Fort Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for 100-bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to; The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor-Detroit Border. Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Roam Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 

Public Health Nurses General Program. Salary 
Range $5,666 to $6,926 by Increments of $157 at 
intervals of six months. Starting salary related to 
experience. Generous Car Allowance. Cumulative 
Sick Leave, One Month s Vacation. Employer shared 
pension plan, medical and hospital insurance. Ap 
ply to: Dr. E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 
21 Seventh Street, Chatham, Ontario. 

Pubic Health Nurse (qualified) for generalized pro 
gramme. Salary range $5,200 - $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel 
policies on request. Apply in wrinting to: Miss 
Beatrice Whalley, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle St., 
S., Preston, Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 

NOVEMBER 1967 




This is a little Eskimo boy 

Sometime during the next year, 
he might fall and hurt himself - 
or get measles or pneumonia. 

He will need the care of a nurse. 



A good nurse. 



Maybe you? 



Registered hospital and public health nurses, certified nursing assistants, 

for further information write to: 

MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA. 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario 
will require 

TEACHERS - JULY, 1968 

For the approved two year curri 
culum with a third year of expe 
rience in nursing service (50 stu 
dents enrolled annually). 

QUALIFICATIONS: University pre 
paration in Nursing Education. 

SALARY: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 



Apply to: 

Director 
School of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario 



THE LORRAIN 
SCHOOL of NURSING 

PEMBROKE, ONTARIO 

requires 

TEACHERS 

for a Two plus One Programme 
which commenced in September, 
1967. 

Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing opened in 1961. 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration required. 

Salary commensurate with pre 
paration and experience. 

Apply to: 
The Director 

LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING 

201 Deacon St. 
Pembroke, Ontario 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



INSTRUCTOR 



JEFFERY MALE S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

1250 ST-FOY ROAD 

QUEBEC 6, P.O. 



SASKATCHEWAN 



UNITED STATES 



ONTARIO 



Public Health Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capita! city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 $6,107. Allowance for experience and/or 
degree. Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 



Public Health Nurses for generalized programme in 
a County-City Health Unit. Salary schedule $5,400 
to $6,600 per annum. 20 days vacation. Employer 
shared pension pian, P.S.I, and hospital izat ion. 
Mileage allowance or unit cars. Apply to: Miss 
Veronica O Leary, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Peterborough County-City Health Unit, P.O. 
Box 246, Peterborough, Ontario. 7-101-4A 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun 
tingdon is a small manufacturing Town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QHIS. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Ful! maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply; Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 



REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.Q. 



OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 

invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vocation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. .9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for modern 24-bed 
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad 
ministration or with experience will be given pre 
ference. Salary schedule will be based on the 
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Holinaty, 
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, 
Saskatchewan. 



REGISTERED NURSE: Help Rabbit Lake Union Hos 
pital, Rabbit Lake, Sask. Join us. Feel wanted. 
Room and board in residence. Write: Matron. 

64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-bed active 

treatment hospital. Established personnel policies 
and pension plan. Salary range as per SRNA 
recommandations. Adjustments to starting salary 
made for previous experience. Residence accom 
modation available at nominal cost. Apply Miss 
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wakaw 
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 



REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a 
40-bed fully accredited hospital. Salary in accor 
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of past ex 
perience policy applicable. Frequent daily trans 
portation connections by train and bus east and 
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 collect 
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital, 
Biggar, Saskatchewan. 



General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations, Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply; Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 



Operating Room Nurse ($374. -$447.), Outpatient and 
General Duty Nurses ($364. -$437.) full time and 
part time and Certified Nursing Assistants ($260- 
$300.) for ISO-bed general hospital. Past experience 
and qualifications recognized. Shift bonus and ex 
cellent personnel policies in effect. Apply: Person 
nel Director, Victoria Union Hospital, Prince Albert, 
Sask. 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 

REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 El Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor 
nia 94010. 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us now! Staff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 



rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54. pet 



California hcensure. writ* roaay: uirecior or pruning, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val; 




ley, California. 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 
Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women ond children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer-paid pension-plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 



REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 /z hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 

REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 94115. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 

Staff Duty positions (Nurses) in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3B 



Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



DIRECTOR OF SCHOOL OF NURSING. Immediate re 
quirement for Director of 27 month diploma school 
of nursing. N.L.N. accredited. 160-bed hospital lo 
cated at the foot of Pikes Peak. Masters degree 
in nursing education required plus experience. Sa 
lary open with excellent fringe benefits. Send 
resume to include expected salary to Roy Pitt, 
Personnel Director, Memorial Hospital, 1400 East 
Boulder, Colorado Springs, Colorado, or telephone 
collect 303634-7761. 



REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330 
$3657 m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalrzation. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 



R.N. s Needed New 50-bed hospital. Salary 
Range $500 to $530 plus shift differential, per 
month. Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, paid 
vacation. On Lake Okeechobee, 40 miles from 
West Palm Beach. Write or call collect, Mrs. Hilda 
Jensen, Director of Nurses, Everglades Memorial 
Hospital, P.Q. Box 659. Pahokee, Florida. Phone 
305 924-5201. 



REGISTERED NURSE FOR AMERICAN RED CROSS 
BLOODMOBILE Travel most of Montana, working 
out of Great Falls. Salary range $475. - $550.; 
excellent fringe benefits. Apply at once to: Ad 
ministrative Director, Montana Red Cross Blood 
Center, Civic Center, Great Falls, Montana. Zip 
Code 59401. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE: Challenging growth 
opportunity for imaginative, capable nursing service 
administrator. Must have a graduate education and 
experience to assume full responsibility in the ad 
ministration of all nursing services, development of 
organization and initiation of programs. Excellent 
salary and benefits as a part of top management 
with the title of Assistant Administrator in charge of 
Nursing Service. A 500-bed general, acute teaching 
hospital with 360 additional beds under construc 
tion. Located in progressive capital and university 
city. Incumbent retiring after eleven successful 
years in position. Please contact: Edgar O. Mans 
field, Dr. P.H., Administrator, Riverside Methodist 
Hospital, 3535 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, 
Ohio 43214. 

STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge- 
ry, Aault and Child Psychiatry in addition to the 
General Services. Salary $525 for newly graduate 
nurse. $560 within first six months to $640. Salary 
commensurate with experience and education. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For "nformation on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni 
versity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle, 
Washington 93105. 



ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR: Masters degree in Nursing 
required to take charge of Inservice Education. 
Put your ideas into action. Excellent training 
facilities. Backed by an education minded Admin 
istration. Good benefit program. Salary commen 
surate with experience. Write: Personnel Depart 
ment, St. Mary s Hospital, 2320 N. Lake Drive, 
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211. 

NOVEMBER 1967 



EL CAMINO HOSPITAL 

LOCATED IN BEAUTIFUL SANTA CLARA VALLEY 
YEAR ROUND SMOG-FREE TEMPERATE CLIMATE 



Registered Nurses 
All Services 

Starting salary for 
Experienced 1 
Registered Nurses 
$550 per month 

448-bed fully-accred 
ited general hospi 
tal located 40 min 
utes south of 
downtown San 
Francisco 

Ample opportunity 
for professional 
development as 
there are two col 
leges and two uni 
versities in the 
immediate vicinity 

Excellent recreational 
facilities in close 
proximity to the 
hospital 




Benefits Include: 

Planned orientation 
program 

Continuing in-service 
education 

Two to four weeks 
vacation 

Eight paid holidays 

Accumulative sick 
leave 

Free group life 
insurance 

Fully paid health in 
surance including 
family coverage 

Fully paid retirement 
program 

Liberal shift 
differential 

40-hour week 



Apply to : 

PERSONNEL DIRECTOR 

El Camino Hospital 

2500 Grant Road 
Mountain View, California 94040 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance - 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 



Registered Nurses 

& 

Certified Nursing 
Assistants 

North Shore of Lake Athabaska 

Modern 30-bed general hospital 
located in young active mining 
community. 

Salary: R.N. $414. $529. 

C.N.A. $239.80 $370.97 

Attractive nurses residence 
available. Room & Board at $45 
monthly. 

Superior employee benefits. 

Air transportation paid from Ed 
monton or Prince Albert. 

Please send inquiries to the: 
Director o Nursing 

THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL 
URANIUM CITY, 

Saskatchewan 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

for 

GENERAL DUTY 

In modern fully accredited 300- 
bed hospital located in a thriv 
ing industrial city. Excellent 
working conditions, 9 statutory 
holidays, 3 weeks annual vaca 
tion, 40 hour week. 

Apply giving full particulars to: 
Personnel Director 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Sault Ste. Marie 
Ontario 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Care and 
Cardiac Care Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 1 1-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



Registered Nurses, modern 280-bed teaching hospital 

University City. 45 mins. from NYC & Phil. Positions 
available in Med. - Surg. Units, Intensive Care, 
Obstetrics - New Born Nsy. Hospital fully accredited 
AMA. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalization, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca 
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. I (censure. Must be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Department, Mid 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey 08901. 



SEATTLE General Duty Nurses. Salary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New graduates $525 to start. $35 
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent 
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital 
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital lo 
cated adjacent to Northwest s largest private clinic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director, Virginia Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Ave 
nue, Seattle, Washington 98101. 




NIGHT NURSE 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 

on art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. William Eaton, Personnel Administrator, Box B, 

A6001, University Hospital, University of Michigan for 

more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
for 

REGISTERED NURSES 



with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 

Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario 

Inservice educational program 
me developed and 
expanding 

Residence accommodation avail 
able at a very mod 
erate rate 

Transportation advanced, if re 
quested 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ont. 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES FOR 
ALL DEPARTMENTS 

Starting salary for Ontario Regis 
tered nurses $400 with 5 annual 
increments to $480 per month. 
Credit for acceptable previous 
service one increase for two 
years, two increases for four or 
more years. 

Non-registered -- $360.00 
Rotating periods of duty 3 
weeks vacation 8 statutory 
holidays. 

One day s sick credit per month 
beginning in the 7th month of 
service cumulative to 45 days. 

Pension Plan and Group Life 
Insurance Hospital pays 50% 
of Medical, Blue Cross and Hos 
pital Insurance premiums. 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



NEW YORK CITY U.S.A. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

ore cordially invited to 

investigate the many 

challenging opportunities 

on the permanent staff of 

MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL 

& MEDICAL CENTER. 



MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL 

one of the largest voluntary 

hospitals in the U.S.A., has 

a dynamic and progressive 

nursing department. 

Applications from MALE 
NURSES are also invited. 



TORONTO 

INTERVIEWS 

NOV. 10-25, 1967 



VISA AND LICENSURE: Complete assistance in Canada 
and U.S.A. You furnish the details and we do the process 
ing. 

TRANSPORTATION: Completely paid. 

SALARY & ADVANCEMENT: High starting salary with two 
guaranteed increments during the first year. 

SHIFT DIFFERENTIAL SALARY BONUS: $125-150/month ad 
ditional salary for evening and night shifts. 

WORK WEEK: 38 3/4 hour work week. 

HOUSING: Luxury, furnished flats at very low cost. 

UNIFORMS: Annual uniform allowance; free laundry ser 
vice. 

VACATIONS: 4 weeks annually. 

HOLIDAYS: 1 1 additional paid holidays. 

SICK LEAVE: 10 days annually. 

INSURANCE: Free medical plan and life insurance. 

SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: Planned programmes, including thea 
tre, cultural activities, dances, parties, bowling, glee club, 
horseback riding, and many others. 

MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER 



Our DIRECTOR OF 
NURSING will conduct 
personal interviews 
and will make firm 
offers to qualified 
nurses. 



To schedule an 
interview, please send 
brief details of your 
training and experience 
to: 

Mr. B. W. Harris 

11 E. 36 St. 

New York, N.Y. 10016 

U.S.A. 

Telephone: 
(212) 889-5800 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser 
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

Scarborough General Hospital 

Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 



Applications are invited for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

by April 1st 1968 

at 

TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

TRENTON, ONT. 

This position carries responsibility for the co-ordin 
ation of all facets of nursing activity within this 
150-bed acute treatment hospital and plans for 46 
chronic bed extension within one year. 

Applicants should have a degree in nursing service 
administration as well as experience on applicable 
level. 

Applications, or requests for additional information 
should be addressed to: 

H. f. NAUDETT, Administrator 
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Trenton, Ontario 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




mm 



OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience. 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies. 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
.ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

NUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

Registered General Duty Nurses 

AND 

Certified Nursing Aides 
(Registered Nursing Assistants) 

This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval 
escent-rehabilitation section. 

Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy. 

REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450 

1968 $405 - 485 
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation. 

CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for 
evening and night duty. 

Apply to: 
Personnel Assistant 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water sports 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9Vi million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 | 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 



Name- 



Address- 



City. 



-State. 



.Zip Code. 





L 



HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331 .00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, group life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY 

A CHALLENGE .... 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
are available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL, 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 




UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Invites applications for Faculty 
Appointments in: 

PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSING 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 

OBSTETRICAL 
NURSING 

in the four-year basic degree program. 
Effective date of employment July, 1968. 
Salaries in accord with University of Al 
berta salary schedule and commensurate 
with qualifications and experience. Mas 
ter s degree or higher preferred. 

APPLY TO: 
Ruth E. McClure, Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 

Edmonton, Alberta 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 



General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 




Invites Applications For: 

GENERAL STAFF R.N. 
GENERAL STAFF R.N.A. 

This modern 525-bed hospital is fully equipped with the latest 
facilities to assist personnel in patient care and embraces the most 
modern concepts of team nursing. Excellent personnel policies are 
available. Progressive staff and management development programs 
offer the maximum opportunities for those who are interested. 
Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. 

For further information, please direct your enquiries to: 
Personnel Department 

SCARBOROUGH CENTENARY HOSPITAL 

2867 Ellesmere Rd., Scarborough, Ontario 



THIS 

15-SECOND 

COULD 

CHANGE 

YOUR 

FUTURE 



Are you dissatisfied with your position? 

Would you like a change? 

Would you like to meet new people? 

Would you like to increase your nurs 
ing skills? 

YCfT * Would you like to work where 
r\ I there is an active research pro 

gram? 

Are you adaptable? 

Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 

Do you crave more cultural advan 
tages? 

Is your life a little boring right now? 

Do you sense excitement in a change? 

If your answer is YES you will like work 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital. 
Apply in writing to: 



Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 

Assistant Director, 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, 

1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Ont. 



GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 



Registered Nurses required for positions at Mayo 
General Hospital (16 beds) and St. Mary s Hospital 
(10 beds), Dawson City, Yukon Territory. 

Commencing salary $462.67 per month. Residence 
rates $50.00 per month full room and board. 

Economy air fare will be paid from Toronto or 
intermediate points. 



Application forms and personnel policies in 
effect may be obtained from: 

The Commissioner 

GOVERNMENT OF THE YUKON TERRITORY 

P.O. Box 2703 
Whitehorse, Yukon Territory 



NORTHERN ONTARIO 
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this 
new school. First class of 30 students September 
1968. New Building being erected. 

QUALIFICATIONS: B.Sc.N. or 

Diploma in Nursing Education or 
Public Health Nursing 

Excellent Salary and personnel policies. 

Located near good golfing, hunting, fishing, boat 
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports. 

Apply to: 
The Director 

NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

c/o Kirkland and District Hospital 
Kirkland Lake, Ontario 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 13, Ontario 


















Fy*. 



GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

required for 

RECINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 

STARTING SALARY $401 

Recognition Given For Experience 

Progressive Personnel Policies 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



NURSES 



EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 




Victoria Hospital London, Ontario 



OPPORTUNITIES 



Unlimited challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach 
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties Includes: 

MEDICINE SURGERY 

OBSTETRICS PAEDIATRICS 

OPERATING ROOM RECOVERY ROOM 

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT CORONARY CARE UNIT 

DIALYSIS UNIT PSYCHIATRY 



BENEFITS 



Top salaries and personnel policies 

40-hour work week 

28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 

21 days vacation, general duty staff 

18 days sick leave 

FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London Or fario 




72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 

WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 

CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 

for Details Write To: 

AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 

U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 

BOX 7-741 

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^ 

NOVEMBER 196! 




THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage 
ment. 

The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 

For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



HEAD NURSE 

Obstetrical Department 

To be responsible for the opera 
tion of a 39-bed unit in this 
modern hospital. Consideration 
given to post graduate prepara 
tion and/or experience. 

Residence accommodation in 
private rooms at $20.00 per 
month. Salary to be negotiated. 
Personnel policies and fringe 
benefits excellent. 



Please apply to: 

Miss L. M. R. Lambe, 
Director of Nursing 

WELLAND COUNTY GENERAL 
HOSPITAL 

Welland, Ontario 



BELLEVILLE 

GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 



Located in Ontario s Summer Resort 
Area with easy access by rail or 
Road to major cities and U.S.A. 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR 

A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing 
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto 
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in 
modern hospital operation. 

SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual 
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow 
ance and sick beneits. 



CONTACT: 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



LAKEHEAD REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 

requires 

TEACHERS 

QUALIFICATONS - Bachelor s 
Degree with experience prefer 
red. 

Proximity of new School building 
to Lakehead University offers 
opportunity for further study. 

A challenge for teachers inter 
ested in the planning and de 
velopment of a new program. 
The first class of students will 
be enrolled in September 1968. 

Apply: 
Director 

LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

c/o The General Hospital of 

Port Arthur 
Port Arthur, Ontario 




FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL 

CALGARY, ALBERTA 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Applications are invited for po 
sitions in Nursing Education and 
Nursing Service in a 766-bed 
acute general hospital opened 
in June, 1966. 

Experience is available in all 
major services. 

Additional information and 

application forms may be obtained 

by contacting: 

Personnel Department 

FOOTHILLS HOSPITAL 

Calgary. Alberta 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

Required for 35-bed modern acute hospi 
tal, locate in Southern B.C. Formal train 
ing and experience in nursing administra 
tion preferred. Suite available in modern 
residence. Salary to be negotiated. Formal 
duties to start January 1st, 1968, but 
would prefer suitable applicant to start 
prior to this date. 

Apply to: 

Administrator 
BOUNDARY HOSPITAL 

Grand Forks 
British Columbia 



SUPERVISOR OF NURSING 

required by 
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 

LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA 

(55-bed capacity) 



It is preferred that the applicant have a 
diploma and experience in nursing service 
administration. 

Salary commensurate with qualifications 
and experience. 



For further particulars apply to: 

Superintendent 

QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Liverpool, Nova Scotia 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical) 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diploma ac 
ceptable. Salary commensurate with qua 
lifications and experience. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. THOMAS-ELGN 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. Thomas, Ont. 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

required for 

BAYCREST CENTER FOR 
GERIATRIC CARE 

BAYCREST HOSPITAL 200-beds 

Accredited Chronic Disease and Rehab. 

Hospital 

Minimum of 3 years experience. Prefer 
ence given to B.Sc.N. Applicants with 
Post-basic education, i.e., diploma course, 
etc., considered. Ability to direct and 
conduct In-Service-Education essential. 

Apply giving full details: 

Director of Nursing 

BAYCREST HOSPITAL 

3560 Bathurst St., 

Toronto 19, Ontario 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

FOR OPERATING 
ROOM 

required by 

ROYAL COLUMBIAN 

HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing 

New Westminster 

British Columbia 

For further information contact: 

Director of Nursing 



KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OKANAGAN VALLEY, B. C. 

VACANCY OPEN 

FOR NURSING OFFICE 

NURSING SERVICE 

SUPERVISOR 

Preparation and experience in nursing 
service administration required, degree 
preferred. 

Applications and enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

2268 Pandosy Street 

Kelowna, B.C. 



HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 

Kingston, Ontario 

A Postgraduate Course in Operating 
Room Technique and Management is now 
available at this Hospital. The next class 
of six months duration will be admitted 
May 1st, 1968. 



For further information and details, 
write to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

HOTEL DIEU HOSPITAL 

Kingston, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



NOROUAY-CANORA 
UNION HOSPITAL 

invites applications for two 

GENERAL STAFF POSITIONS 

This is a 15-bed fully modern hospital 
located in the beautiful parkland area 
of Saskatchewan. Salary commences at 
$365.00 per month with adjustment for 
experience and extra training. Living 
accommodations in residence at $20.00 
per month. Transportation costs will be 
advanced. 

For further policies write to: 

Mrs. J. M. Keast 

Director of Nursing Services 

Canora Union Hospital 

Canora, Sask. 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

All Departments 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

- Proximity to Lakehead University 

ensures opportunity for furthering 

education. 

For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 

Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen 
sion plan. 

Pleasant, progressive, industrial city of 
23,000. 

Apply: 

Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required by 

Wascana Hospital 

REGINA, SASK. 

Salary: Increments granted for experi 
ence. 

Duties: For general duty nursing in this 
300-bed hospital specializing in pro 
grams for chronic diseases and physical 
medicine. 

Apply: 

SASKATCHEWAN PUBLIC 
SERVICE COMMISSION 

Legislative Building 
Regina, Saskatchewan 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 
Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(Service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING SERVICE 

Applications are invited for the position 
of Assistant Director of Nursing Service 
for a 291-bed fully accredited General 
Hospital. 

Preference will be given to applicants 
with preparation and experience in nurs 
ing service administration. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing Service 

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OF PORT ARTHUR 

Port Arthur, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

AND 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For 300 bed Accredited General Hospital 
situated in the picturesque Grand River 
Valley. 60 miles from Toronto. 

Modern well-equipped hospital providing 
quality nursing care. 

Excellent personnel policies. 

For further information write: 

Director of Nursing Service 
SOUTH WATERLOO MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL, 
Gait, Ontario 



HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL 

AND THE 

ROYAL POSTGRADUATE 
MEDICAL SCHOOL 

Du Cane Road, London, W.12, England 

THEATRE STAFF NURSES 

IF YOU ARE A TRAINED NURSE VISITING 
LONDON TO FURTHER YOUR EXPERIENCE 
IN NURSING 

you are invited to join the staff of the 
above General Postgraduate Teaching Hos 
pital of 7] 2 beds, where a six month s 
course in advanced techniques in general 
and specialist surgery is offered to STAFF 
NURSES who have had previous post-regis 
tration theatre experience. This course would 
be eminently suitable for Staff Nurses aim 
ing at promotion. 

Previous experience as a qualified nurse 
may be taken into account in determining 
the commencing salary within the scale of 
690 to 850 per annum, plus 75 London 
Allowance if non-resident. Posts may be 
resident or non-resident. 

The Hospital is situated close to many 
places of interest in London. 
Further details may be obtained from Miss 
M. F. Fraser Gamble, Matron. 



A REGISTERED NURSE 

BILINGUAL 

Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern 80-bed hospital expanding to 
150 beds. Located in the Eastern Town 
ships, an attractive, dynamic community 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance with Quebec Hospital In 
surance Service. 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY! 
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A planned pre-Service Education Program 

A Continuation Education Program 

Unit Management System Operating in all 

Hospitals 

A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service 

Education for OB and Medicine areas. 

Liberal Personnel Policies. 

STAFF NURSE SALARIES 

$5 1 4- $650, based on background of experi 
ence and education. $60 differential for 
nigths or two-shift rotation. $90 differen 
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation. 
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn 
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room, Recovery 
Room and Clinical Study Center. 

Write to: 
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT 

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 

Galveston, Texas 77550 

WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 
EMPLOYER 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatric areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 
hospital. 

Apply. 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



RED DEER JUNIOR COLLEGE 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

AND 

INSTRUCTORS IN NURSING 

DIRECTOR This position will require a 
person with a degree in nursing education 
to be responsible under the dean s direction 
for the organization and operation of a 
two-year programme of nursing education. 
Experience with current programmes of 
nurses training desirable. Duties will begin 
in January, 1968 or earlier, if possible. 
INSTRUCTORS A degree in nursing is 
desirable for these positions. The applicant 
should be capable of giving instruction in 
the practical aspects of nursing education 
and should be competent to take charge 
of a group of students during their clinical 
experience in the hospitals. 
Persons interested may write for further 
details and for application forms to: 

G. H. DAWE 
Superintendent of Schools 

RED DEER PUBLIC SCHOOL 
DISTRICT No. 104 

4747-53 Street, Red Deer, Alberta 



DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the above 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing located in South Western On 
tario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep 
tember, 1968. 

Minimum requirement B.Sc.N with 
several years experience. 

Apply: 

Chairman 

Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVILIE, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

For oil Departments and a new Psychi 
atric wing. 

Subsidized employee benefits and good 
personnel policies in effect. 

Modern, furnished apartments available. 

For information and application, 
please write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 

Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



POSITIONS OPEN 

Director of Nursing Education. Preferable 
holding a Masters Degree. Also Instruc 
tors with Bachelors Degree in Nursing or 
Post-Graduate training. 

270-bed accredited hospital. 



ABERDEEN HOSPLTAL 

New Glasgow 

Nova Scotia 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

required for 
BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Construction of a new hospital scheduled 
for completion November 1967 will in 
crease the bed capacity to 450. Included 
in the new hospital will be the Friesen 
concept of equipment and material sup 
ply. Salary commensurate with prepara 
tion and experience. Benefits include Ca 
nada Pension Plan, Hospital Pension Plan, 
Group Life Insurance. Accumulative sick 
leave. Ontario Hospital Insurance and 
P.S.I. 50% payment by hospital. 

Apply: 
Personnel Director 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



LABORATORY TECHNICIAN 

FORT CHURCHILL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Registered laboratory technician for 51- 
bed active treatment hospital in Northern 
Manitoba, with medical staff of three 
doctors. Must be able to perform proce 
dures in fields of hematology, bacterio 
logy, grouping and cross-matching blood, 
biochemistry. Salary $490 $570 per 
month plus $20 minimum call back pay. 

Apply stating experience and 
references to: 

The Administrator 

FORT CHURCHILL 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Fort Churchill, Manitoba 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 

newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2A 

Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201 . 1 5-38- 1 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-361 F 



STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-1G 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Twelve week course in Care of the Premature infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes - - September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, LONDON 
W.C.I., ENGLAND 

(NEUROLOGY and 

NEUROSURGERY) 

POST-GRADUATE 

NURSING EDUCATION 

One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education 
al background. 

Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos 
pital awarded to successful Stu 
dents. 

Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 

FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE WINNIPEG 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Offers the following opportunity for ad 
vanced preparation to qualified Registered 
Graduate Nurses: 

A SIX MONTH CLINICAL COURSE 

in 

OPERATING ROOM 

PRINCIPLES AND ADVANCED 

PRACTICE 

The course commences in September of 
each year. Maintenance is provided, and 
a reasonable stipend is given each month. 
Enrolment is limited to a maximum of 
ten students. 

For further information please 
write to: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

700 William Ave. 
Winnipeg 3 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.I, and 

MAIDA VALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 

LONDON 

(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 

HOSPITALS) 

NEUROLOGY AND 

NEUROSURGERY 

These unique hospitals of international 
repute offer to Registered Nurses: 

1) One year course badge and certi 
ficate awarded. 

2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini 
mum period of appointment, four 
months. 

3) General duties on medical and sur 
gical wards, occasional vacancy at 
Convalescent Hospital (near Hamp- 
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap 
pointment two months. 

Consideration given to Nurses wishing to 
take extended holidays. 

This branch of nursing has a special ap 
peal to those interested in research and 
the humanitarian aspect of nursing. 

Further particulars may be 

obtained from: 

Matron 

THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

Queen Square, London, W.C.I 
England 



McMASTER 
UNIVERSITY 

DECREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING (B.Sc.N.) 

A Four-Year Course which pre 
pares students for all branches 
of community and hospital nur 
sing practice and leads to the 
degree, Bachelor of Science in 
Nursing (B.Sc.N.). It includes 
studies in the humanities, basic 
sciences and nursing. Bursaries, 
loans and scholarships are a- 
vailable. 



For additional information, 
write to: 

School of Nursing 
McMASTER UNIVERSITY 

Hamilton, Ontario 



Test Pool Examinations 

FOR 

Registration of Nurses 

IN 

Nova Scotia 

To take place on February 21 and 22, 
1968 at Halifax and Sydney. Requests 
tor application forms should be made at 
once and forms must be returned to the 
Registrar not later than January 5, 1968 
together with: 

1. Diploma of School of Nursing; 

2. Fee of Twenty-Five Dollars ($25.00). 

Applications received after this date will 
not be accepted. No undergraduate may 
write unless he or she has passed suc 
cessfully all final school of nursing ex 
aminations and is within nine (9) weeks 
of completion of the course in nursing. 

NANCY H. WATSON, R.N., 
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 

The Registered Nurses 

Association of Nova Scotia 

6035 Coburg Road, 

Halifax, N.S. 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 




YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



NOVEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



ROYAL INLAND 
HOSPITAL 

Kamloops, B.C. 

INVITES YOU to apply for a position in an expanding hospital. 
There is an opening for you in any of the services, which include 
Intensive Care, Haemodialysis, Psychiatry, Reactivation. Hospital 
is a Regional Hospital and major medical centre in the Interior 
with all general specialties well represented including neurosur- 
gery. 186 bed air-conditioned wing was completed in 1966, pre 
sent renovation bringing capacity to 270 beds and 45 bassinettes 
will be completed in October. Plans for expansion to 500 beds are 
underway. 

Salary os per R.N.A.B.C. contract. 4 weeks vacation. Cumulative 
sick leave up to 120 days. Pension and medical coverage pro 
gramme. Opportunity for advancement. 




SCHOOl OF NURSING SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 
IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMME INCLUDING ORIENTATION 
SUMMER INTERNE PROGRAMME. 

You will have initial accommodation provided at nominal cost. 
KAMLOOPS, a rapidly expanding industrial area with a population 
of 35,000, known as the Sunny Sportsman s Paradise Hub City 
of British Columbia served by Trans Canada Highway, both major 
Railways, and Airline Services. 

For your enjoyment a large variety of winter and summer acti 
vities are available including excellent skiing, golfing, boating, 
fishing, camping, horseback riding, flying, drama, concerts, and 
an active adult education programme. 

Applications and enquiries should be addressed to : 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING SERVICE 

ROYAL INLAND HOSPITAL 

KAMLOOPS, B.C. 



Index 
to 

advertisers 

November 1967 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



American Sterilizer Company 17 

Ames Company of Canada, Ltd Cover IV 

Canadian Sugar Institute 55 

Canadian Tampax Corporation Limited 9 

M.J. Chase Co. Inc 25 

Collier-Macmillan Canada Ltd 53 

Department of Health and Social Welfare 

(Castonguay Report) 59 

Facelle Company Limited .... Cover II 

Charles E. Frosst & Co 10 

Hollister Limited 14 

Frank W. Horner Company 13,21 

Kayser Roth of Canada (Supp-Hose Stockings) 23 

LaCross Uniform Co Cover III 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 19 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 54 

Mead Johnson Laboratories 20 

C.V. Mosby Co 2 

Niagara Finance Company Limited 11 

J.T. Posey Company 51 

Poulenc Limited 6 

Reeves Company 55 

Scholl Mfg. Co. Ltd. 57 

Sterilon of Canada Ltd i 

White Cross Shoes 15 

Winley-Morris Company Ltd. 25, 54 



Advertising 
Manager 

Ruth H. Baumel, 
The Canadian Nurse 
50 The Driveway, 
Ottawa 4, Ontario 

Advertising Representatives 
Richard P. Wilson, 
219 East Lancaster Avenue, 
Ardmore, Penna. 19003 

Vanco Publications, 
170 The Douway West, 
Suite 408, Don Mills, Ont. 

Member of Canadian 
Circulation Audit Board Inc. 

INUVtMBbK 



December 1967 



UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 
OTTAWA, ONT. 

12-63- 



The 



Canadian 
Nurse 





M. & V. for Christmas dinner 



homosexuality 
among women 

when patients die 

conception control in 
family planning 







CAPRICE 



Luxury Professionals in (^ HFKlUt . . the fabric 
chosen for the Centennial Uniform 




, 




Back zipper fashion skimmer with stylish cowl collar. 

6263 in 65% Fortrel / 35% Combed Cotton 
Intimate Blend "CAPRICE" 

3/4 roll-up sleeves, sizes 8-18 about $13.98 



Front button-loop shift with button trim. 

3656 in Sanitized 65% Fortrel / 35% Combed Cotton 
Intimate Blend "CAPRICE" 

3/4 roll-up sleeves, sizes 8-18 about $13.98 



These beautiful professional uniforms are typical of the famous Whit~ Sister styling and fit with the luxury features that make White 
Sister the first choice of Canada s most discriminating nurses. They are proudly offered in our luxury fabric for Fall "CAPRICE" 
a magnificent blend of Fortrel and Combed Cotton which was especially selected for the famous CENTENNIAL UNIFORM. 

The two exquisite White Sister luxury professionals seen here (and many others) are available at fine uniform shops and department stores everywhere. 



.., . 



ciicirnnr> 






Reg U S Pat OH and Canada 

SHOE 




greetings to you who give patience and 
understanding all year round! 



THE CLINIC SHOEMAKERS, 1221 LOCUST ST., DEPT. CN-12 ST. LOUIS 3, 










Prepare her with the best available . . . 
the new edition of the leading 
workbook for courses in 
Solutions and Dosage, 
now with helpful, practical illustrations 



New 8th Edition ! 



Anderson 



; 



By ELLEN M. ANDERSON, R.N., B.S., 
M.A. Publication date: January, 1968. 
8th edition, approx. 192 pages, 7W 
x 10 2", 13 illustrations. About $3.80 



WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND DOSAGE OF DRUGS 

Including Arithmetic 

The nurse s responsibility in the preparation of solutions and computation of 
drug dosage cannot be overestimated. The absolute precision required must be 
gin with sound knowledge of the basic arithmetical concepts and how to relate 
these concepts to everyday problems in drug therapy. For nearly 30 years, in 
structors have depended on Anderson, WORKBOOK OF SOLUTIONS AND 
DOSAGE OF DRUGS to help communicate these vital fundamentals to their 
students. Through several editions, it has been the most widely adopted work 
book of its kind. Now, in an all-new 8th edition, it offers your students more 
than ever before. This student-centered workbook provides a quick review of 
arithmetic which may be used as a planned pre -course assignment as well as in 
class. Here are a few of the features which highlight this new edition: 

1. Twelve practical, helpful new illustrations; 

2. A newly simplified discussion of manipulation of fractions; 

3. A new presentation of percentage and proportion; 

4. Streamlined coverage of solution preparation, eliminating those solu 
tions usually available from pharmaceutical houses; 

5. A useful discussion of the surface area rule for pediatric drug dosage. 
Incorporating many suggestions from instructors who used the previous edition, 
this new 8th edition promises to uphold its position as the most popular work 
book in its field. Consider it for your students for next semester. 






the pharmacology text preferred by 6 out of 7 nursing instructors 
10th Edition Bergersen-Krug 

PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING 

The leading text in its field through 9 editions, this outstanding work offers a time 
ly, comprehensive presentation of pharmacology, including authoritative discus 
sions of the use, preparation and dosage of drugs. It examines how and why 
specific drugs should be administered and explains the expected outcome of drug 
therapy, emphasizing the nurse s responsibility throughout. All drug information 
has been revised in keeping with the U.S. Pharmacopeia (Volume XVII) and the 
National Formulary (Vol. XII), New information in this revision encompasses 
drug legislation affecting professional behavior; evaluation of disinfectant effec 
tiveness; character and action of autonomic nervous system drugs. An informative 
chapter on psychologic aspects of drug therapy has been added to this edition. 
Helpful learning aids include comparative charts, chapter outlines, review ques 
tions, an appendix and a glossary. 

PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING in this timely 10th edition, remains much 
more comprehensive and definitive than any other text in this subject area. 
Are you using it for your courses? 




By BETTY S. BERGERSEN, R.N., 
MS ; and ELSIE E. KRUG, R.N., 
MA. Consultant: ANDRES GOTH, 
M D. Publication date: 1966. 10th 
edition, 741 pages plus I-XIV, 7" 
x 10" with 35 text illustrations 
and 8 color plates. Price $8.40. 



THE C. V. MOSBY COMPANY, LTD 

86 Northline Road Toronto 16, Ontario 




2 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Publishers 



DECEMBER 1967 



The 

Canadian 
Nurse 



A monthly journal for the nurses of Canada published 

in English and French editions by the Canadian Nurses Association 




Volume 63, Number 12 

27 That s What We Want for Christmas 

28 M. & V. for Christmas Dinner 

3 1 Considerations for Nurse Recruitment 

33 When Patients Die: Some Nursing Problems 

37 Conception Control in Family Planning 



December 1967 



K. G. Christie 
S. R. Good 
J. C. Quint 
E. Dawson 



42 Homosexuality Among Women H. Rancourt and T. Limoges 

45 Employee Health Service . . N. McNaughton 

47 Expectation Its Role in Nursing Home Care . . W. Lyons 

48 Can We Afford Small Schools? 



The views expressed in the various articles are the views of the authors and do not 
necessarily represent the policies or views of the Canadian Nurses Association. 



4 Letters 
18 Names 
22 New Products 
49 Research Abstracts 
81 Index for 1967 



9 News 
20 Dates 
24 In A Capsule 
50 Books 

55 Accession List 



Cover photo by Milne, Toronto, courtesy of Toronto General Hospital School of 
Nursing. 



Executive Director: Helen K. Mussallem . 
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Editor: Glennis N. Zilm . Editorial Assistant: 
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Canadian Nurses Association, 1967 



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Seasons Gree .ngs 

from the 
Editorial 
Staff 




THE CANADIAN NURSE 3 



letters 



Letters to the editor are welcome. 

Only signed letters will be considered for publication 

Name will be withheld at the writer s request. 



Comments on RPN editorial 

Dear Editor: 

I write as a registered nurse who has no 
fears regarding the standard of care ad 
ministered by registered psychiatric nurses 
in Western Canada. I would suggest that 
colleagues take a long hard look at treat 
ment facilities and standards of psychia 
tric care in some areas of the United States, 
which is the origin of Canadian nursing 
trends, compare, think well about the in- 
divdual patient, and then decide. 

With a few notable exceptions, registered 
nurses have consistently neglected their 
responsibilities to the mentally ill and the 
retarded. Many persons in psychiatric serv 
ices are vaguely aware that this growing 
concern was not readily evident until the 
registered psychiatric nurse began to com 
pete successfully with the R.N. for some 
of the more attractive positions within 
these services. 

I take issue with the recent editorial 
that based part of its comment on the find 
ings of that august body, the Hall Commis 
sion. The Commission noted that large 
mental hospitals are contracting, and with 
a stroke of intellectual brilliance, concluded 
that the need for registered psychiatric 
nurses wili diminish. Some time has elapsed 
since this report was formulated; yet the 
demand for registered psychiatric nurses 
continues to increase, not only within hos 
pitals but in the new psychiatric services 
that are spreading into the community. 

No one can dispute the necessity for the 
Hall Commission, but I must express con 
cern on the editorial that supports its find 
ings and then sits in prejudgement by sug 
gesting the phasing-out of these programs. 
This therapy effectively removed my delu 
sion that all nurses are democratic. John 
Kellie, R.N., R.P.N., Portage La Prairie, 
Manitoba. 

Dear Editor: 

I read with interest your editorial on 
psychiatric nursing and the registered psy 
chiatric nurse in the October issue of 
THE CANADIAN NURSE. One thing stands out 
clearly in this article and that is your lack 
of experience in the field of psychiatric 
nursing. 

The first program in psychiatric nurs 
ing in Canada was instituted in British 
Columbia in 1930 and was followed by sim 
ilar programs in the other western provinces. 
Why similar programs were not offered in 
the eastern provinces is unclear. This must 
have resulted in a lower standard of nurs 
ing care throughout eastern Canada. 

4 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



The above statement is corroborated by 
statistics on the nurse-patient ratio in in 
stitutions. The ratio in eastern Canada, 
where there is no training for registered 
psychiatric nurses, ranges from one pro 
fessional nurse per 32 patients in Ontario 
to one per 83 in New Brunswick. Compare 
these figures with the ratio in the western 
provinces where psychiatric nurse training is 
in effect: one professional nurse per six 
patients in Saskatchewan and British Colum 
bia, and one per 15 in Alberta. These fig 
ures speak for themselves. It is obvious 
that patients and nurses alike in the western 
provinces are not going to take kindly to 
the suggestion that we regress to the lower 
standards of our eastern provinces. 

In the United Kingdom, both mental and 
general nurses have been trained for many 
years. This system has proved effective, 
and according to the General Nursing Coun 
cil of England and Wales they have no in 
tention of "phasing out" their psychiatric 
nurses. It is significant also that the General 
Nursing Council is a Joint Council. Both 
general and mental nurses are on their regis 
ter. This promotes a better relationship be 
tween the two fields of nursing and makes 
possible more unified programs of education. 

It is significant, also, that all other Com 
monwealth countries and the more advanced 
European countries have followed this ex 
ample and have trained general and mental 
nurses. The mental hospitals in countries 
utilizing such systems have a much higher 
standard of patient care than those in areas 
where general nurses supervise untrained 
or poorly trained attendants. Is the Editor of 
THE CANADIAN NURSE seriously suggesting 
that we join the ranks of the backward? 

The first reason you give for the phasing 
out of the psychiatric nurse is that the 
patient must be treated as a whole. This 
is true, but as with any sweeping statement, 
there must be sensible modifications. I 
have worked with patients in both areas of 
nursing, general and mental, as have many 
registered psychiatric nurses. While the 
physically ill patient often has emotional 
complications, the reverse is seldom true. 
A mentally ill patient becomes physically 
ill only as often as does any other citizen. 
Should this occur he is immediately trans 
ferred to the general hospital, if necessary, 
where facilities to deal with his disorder are 
readily available. 

Physical emergencies in a mental hos 
pital occur no more often than do physical 
emergencies on the streets of our cities. 
It is therefore no more logical to suggest 



that our psychiatric nurses need a complete 
course in general nursing than it is to 
suggest that all citizens should take such a 
course. I agree that a complete course in 
general nursing would be an asset to re 
gistered psychiatric nurses who wish to take 
such a course. On these grounds I would 
suggest that postgraduate courses for both 
types of nurse should be available. The 
necessity for a general nurse to take post 
graduate training in psychiatric nursing is 
more logical than for a psychiatric nurse 
to need obstetrics, surgical nursing, operating 
room techniques, and so on. 

The second reason stated for the phasing 
out of the psychiatric nurse is based on 
the concept of integration of the psychia 
tric and general health service. It has al 
ready been proved in Great Britain that 
this concept is not completely workable. 
There are insufficient facilities in general 
hospitals for large-scale care of mentally 
disturbed persons. On a small scale this 
can and should be done, but unfortunately 
there will always be a need for mental hos 
pitals adjacent to general hospitals, or other 
wise. 

It seems ridiculous that while other health 
workers, such as doctors and social workers, 
are finding it more and more necessary to 
specialize, registered nurses are saying that 
one type of nurse is capable of dealing 
with all types of disorders. This can never 
be true. Illnesses, both mental and physical, 
cover too wide an area to be covered com 
pletely or adequately in a two-year training 
course. 

You wonder why RN s are not attracted 
to this type of nursing. The answer is 
obvious: general nurses and psychiatric 
nurses are two different types of persons. 

The Report of the Royal Commission on 
Health Services, which you quoted, was full 
of inaccuracies, many of which were pointed 
out in the February issue of the Canadian 
Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. Psychiatric 
nurses believe that these recommendations 
by general nurses are forwarded less in the 
interest of the patient than in the interests 
of their own association. 

Back in the 30 s, when training programs 
were being set up, general nurses associ 
ations were not interested in mental nursing. 
Now that the spade work has been done and 
our nurses are spreading to the east, the 
general nurses suddenly are awakening and 
deciding that this is a field now suitable 
for them. Our registered psychiatric nurses 
now are being sought after by various agen 
cies in the United States; they are being 
employed by various agencies other than 

DECEMBER 196; 



nental hospitals, general hospitals, and child 
welfare agencies all across Canada, and 
:ountless others are clamoring for our gra 
duates. And general nurses suggest that we 
:ease training! 

The training programs for psychiatric 
nurses are adequate and equal in all res- 
.pects to the training programs offered across 
Canada for registered nurses. There is, of 
course, always room for improvement, and 
we are considering a program based on 
the British system of one-year basic train 
ing for all nurses, plus one or two years 
of specialization, i.e. general or mental. 
The graduates of these programs could then 
continue their education should they so 
wish. To us this appears to be the answer 
to the problems of both types of nurse. 

The program suggested by the general 
nurses would reduce the immigration to 
Canada of nurses from the U.K., as neither 
general nor mental nurses trained in the 
U.K. would fit into your proposed pattern 
for nursing. The program that we suggest 
would meet world-wide acceptance. 

Psychiatric nurses have no intention of 
being phased out. This perhaps could have 
been done in the 1940 s, but psychiatric 
nurses, who number 5,000, are now a ne 
cessary and integral part of the health ser 
vices. I would suggest that registered nurses 
across Canada wake up to the fact that we 
are very much in existence and are here to 
stay. Once the two areas of nursing are 
accepted, the relationship between our as 
sociations will improve. We are not in 
terested in general training en bloc. We 
are interested in postgraduate training at a 
university level, and in a better relationship 
with general nurses. 

Finally, and most important, we are in 
terested in maintaining a high standard of 
nursing care for the mentally ill and in 
spreading this type of care across Canada. 
John Martyniw, R.M.N., R.P.N., pres 
ident, Psychiatric Nurses Association of 
Manitoba, Selkirk, Manitoba. 

Dear Editor: 

I read with interest your editorial in the 
October issue on the subject of "psychiatric 
nurses" and agree with everything you have 
said. However I would have added a third 
reason why licensed psychiatric nurses train 
ing programs should be phased out. 

It is unfair to young men and women 
who are planning on making nursing their 
career, that the course available to them 
offers them so little scope after graduation. 
Graduates of psychiatric courses given in 
the four Western provinces cannot find em 
ployment elsewhere on this continent or 
abroad because there is no such category 
of nurse except in Western Canada; even in 
Western Canada employment and oppor 
tunities for promotion are extremely limited 
unless the individuals take further training 
to qualify for nurse registration. Students 
do not know this until it is too late for 
them to do anything about it. B.C. Nurse. 

DECEMBER 1967 




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THE CANADIAN NURSE 5 



letters 



Dear Editor: 

In your October editorial you advocated 
a "phasing out of the present programs for 
registered psychiatric nurses" in Western 
Canada. This issue is not only overdue 
but also more complex than your editorial 
would suggest. 

The demands of the Psychiatric Nurses 
Association of Ontario are indeed for an 
additional Register, but our hope is that 
it would be administered by the College of 
Nurses of Ontario and that the professional 
organization for members of such a Register 
would be the Registered Nurses Associa 
tion of Ontario. This plan contrasts sharply 
with the existing Western Canadian RPN 
programs, which are separated from the 
rest of the nursing profession since they 
have their own legislation and are not af 
filiated with the Canadian Nurses Associa 
tion or the International Council of Nurses. 
The PNAO has asked that the Register 
of Nurses administered by the College of 
Nurses of Ontario be revised so that it has 
two parts; each part, basic or post-basic 
would be administered in the same way 
that Registers of Nurses are administered 
in Britain, other Commonwealth countries, 
such as Australia, and in parts of Europe. 
The two parts are: 1. a Register of Nurses 
whose orientation is toward psychiatry, but 
whose training includes "physical" nursing; 
2. a Register of Nurses whose orientation 
is toward "physical" nursing, but whose 
training includes psychiatric nursing. 

The purpose of such a plan is to inte 
grate nursing in a practical "on the ward" 
attitude toward the "treat the patient as 
a whole" concept, and to come to everyday 
terms with the self-evident: psychiatry is 
different. (For example, the nurse s prime 
therapeutic tool is his or her relationship 
with the patient; the patient is unaware of 
being sick and is unappreciative of therapy; 
he is not in bed and is still working or at 
home; nurse and patient are in "street 
clothes." 

The case against a psychiatric nursing 
program separate from the total field of 
nursing has been presented by the 1966 
Royal Commission on Health Services and 
the Canadian Mental Health Association in 
its 1967 submission to the federal govern 
ment. It also has been presented by your 
editorial. However, a separate program is 
not what the X PNAO is asking for. 

We, too, want integration, but we know 
that psychiatric nursing is large enough, 
special enough, different enough, and in 
enough demand to need a 2- to 3-year basic 
course, leading to registration on a new 
psychiatric part of a revised Register of 
Nurses. -- Mr. R. Ewart Brown, R.M.N. 
(U.K.), Reg.N., Vice-president, P.N.A.O., 
and Chapter President, R.N.A.O. 

6 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Frustrated by fellow nurses 

Dear Editor: 

In response to Rosemarie A. Gascoyne s 
letter (July, 1967), I would say that in 
over 20 years of nursing practice I have 
never met a physician who would not allow 
me to practice my profession to the ful 
lest. 

I have never been frustrated by a lack 
of a common meeting ground with the 
medical profession, but I often have been 
severely frustrated by my relationships with 
fellow nurses. The nurse who refuses to 
learn new techniques just because they 
were not taught 20 or 30 years ago; who 
fails to interpret a patient s complaints or 
lack of them and thus misses an opportunity 
to make an adequate nursing diagnosis; who 
never picks up a professional journal or at 
tends workshops or seminars because 40 
hours of nursing a week is all she can toler 
ate; these are my frustrations. These are the 
nurses who fail so badly in the art of com 
munication that the medical practitioners 
with whom they work do not allow them to 
use good judgment because they have never 
exhibited any. 

My experience spans five large U. S. 
cities. In each area I have had to prove 
my worth, but in each instance I have 
been able to practice to the fullest. - 
Lora Craig, Winter Park Memorial Hos 
pital, Winter Park, Florida. 

Hemophilia articles 

Dear Editor: 

It was with great pleasure that we read 
the two articles concerning hemophilia in 
the July issue of your magazine. 

On behalf of the Canadian Hemophilia 
Society, I wish to compliment Doctor Petit- 
clerc and Miss Drapeau on their excellent 
presentations. It is indeed gratifying to know 
of their interest in this painful disease. 
Mrs. Patricia Harris, Assistant to the Presi 
dent, Canadian Hemophilia Society, Mont 
real. 

Dear Editor: 

Congratulations on the two excellent ar 
ticles published in your July 1967 issue, 
"Hemophilia," by Claude Petitclerc, M.D., 
and "The Nurse and the Hemophiliac Pa 
tient," by Janine Drapeau. 

We take issue with but one premise of 
both papers - - the treatment of choice. 
Since mid-1966 in Canada, Hemophilia A 
has been treated almost exclusively with 
human Factor 8 concentrate. This material 
now is manufactured in quantity by the 
Red Cross in most Canadian provinces. It 
was developed in 1959 by Dr. Judith Pool 
at Stanford University, under the designation 
cryo-precipitate. The results have been spec 
tacular. 

Universal use of Factor 8 concentrate 
represents the most forward advance in 
treatment of hemophilia A since the develop 



ment of plasma. Experiments are now in 
progress to assess the feasibility of routine 
injections on a prophylactic basis in the 
home. Martin J.J. Dayton, President, 
B.C. Chapter, Canadian Hemophilia Soci 
ety, Vancouver. 

Nurses must be flexible 

Dear Editor: 

Thanks go to Mrs. Margaret Wishlow 
(Letters, Aug. 67) for considering hospitals 
other than large teaching centers. 

Canada has hundreds of smaller hospitals 
and nursing stations that fill important 
community needs. Their staff nurses res 
ponsibilities often lie at two extremes. 
These nurses may perform duties in central 
supply, formula room, diet kitchen, or 
teach non-professional staff to do so. On 
the other hand they often perform the 
duties of a pharmacist, physiotherapist, 
dietitian, housekeeper, laboratory, or x-ray 
technician, or they "pinch-hit" in the oper 
ating room. This situation will last as 
long as this vast country has a scattered 
population, especially in the North, and 
as long as there is a shortage of per 
sonnel in all the paramedical professions. 

Though most nursing schools are now 
located in the larger centers and univer 
sities, they must not ignore the needs of 
smaller institutions that rely on their grad 
uates. They must continue to teach both the 
apothecary and metric systems and the 
preparation of solutions, to avoid the trap 
of teaching students to be specialized em 
ployees of their own professionally staffed 
institution. Let the universities remem 
ber that "menial labor" is still a part of 
nursing. Jacqueline Lawson, Indian Hos 
pital, Sioux Lookout, Ontario. 

Student evaluation 

Dear Editor: 

I would like to congratulate Mrs. Sharon 
O Toole and her colleagues on their effort 
to implement a system of student evaluation 
of instructors (Letters, Sept. 1967). 

As a former clinical instructor exposed to 
student evaluation, I believe that student 
evaluation can help to improve teaching as 
well as contribute toward student satisfac 
tion. My experience of student criticisms has 
been that they are not always pleasant, but 
usually are constructive, and often compli 
mentary. 

And speaking of evaluation, would it not 
be a good idea for staff nurses to be given 
an opportunity to evaluate head nurses 
(Miss) Flordeliza P. Cais, R.N., Shaughnes- 
sy Hospital, Vancouver, B.C. 

Male nurses needed 

Dear Editor: 

The time that is spent trying to perpetu 
ate the orderly system could well be spent 
in recruitment programs for male nurses. 
(News, Sept. 1967). 

In his article "The Will to Match Our Op- 
DECEMBER 1967 



letters 



x>rtunity" (June 1966), Albert Wedgery 
stated that the continuance of the orderly 
system has underscored the urgent need for 
nale nurses. He added. "Are we really giv 
ing honest consideration to our male pa- 
:ients?" 

Here are some examples of the duties as- 
iigned to orderlies: the largest hospital in 
vVestern Canada bars male nurses and has 
dlowed orderlies for over 10 years to carry 
jut nursing duties divorced from nursing 
idministration and supervision; another hos 
pital indicated its dependence upon the or 
derly system by including it in its intensive 
:are unit ("Medical Intensive Care", May, 
1967); a local ambulance service uses un- 
supervised nursing orderlies at a time when 
skilled domiciliary care is increasingly nec 
essary; psychiatric units in some general 
hospitals employ orderlies in preference to 
skilled male psychiatric nurses; home care 
programs favor female patients because of 
the lack of skilled male nurses. 

A great number of orderlies have become 
skilled and efficient in the nursing duties 
that nurses have allowed them to do. Most 
are worthy of their favorable economic po 
sition. These orderlies should be trained as 
nurses, under one of the two categories of 
ficially recommended by the Canadian 
Nurses Association. Mr. F. Rushton, 
R.N., Victoria, B.C. 

CNF support 

Dear Editor: 

As a CNF fellow for two years, I wish 
to add my support to your October edito 
rial. While the financial support is impor 
tant, there is much more to a CNF fellow 
ship than a sum of money. The fact that at 
least some in the Canadian nursing profes 
sion have shown a great deal of faith in 
what I am doing and an interest in having 
me return to Canada has been very impor 
tant to me. It is very easy for a graduate 
student in the USA in almost all fields to 
lose touch with career opportunities at home 
and yet remain very much aware of them in 
this country. As a CNF member for some 
time before receiving a fellowship, I con 
sidered the $2.00 membership fee as a mod 
est investment in the future growth of Ca 
nadian nursing. I hope that upon my re 
turn to Canada in another year I shall be 
able to pay some dividends on the invest 
ment of other nurses and the Kellogg Found 
ation by assisting in a small way to 
guide that future growth. I would urge the 
Canadian nursing profession as a whole to 
demonstrate that they too have faith in our 
profession s future. 

As one who has never sought member 
ship on the medical team, but who considers 
herself a full member of the health team, I 
was tempted to answer Dr. Varvis letter. 

DECEMBER 1967 



However. I think we have to show him and 
some of his colleagues what we mean by 
"optimum patient care," and perhaps 
through support of the CNF we can show 
others that we have confidence in ourselves. 
Dorothy Kergin, doctoral candidate, 
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi 
gan. 
Dear Editor: 

Please accept my two-dollar membership 
fee for CNF, which is very late in coming. 
It would likely not have come at all, had it 
not been for your editorial in the October 
issue. 

I suggest that you edge your next edi 



torial with black, for I believe that, as 
nurses, we should all go into mourning if 
we allow such a worthwhile cause to die. 
Muryelle Sandrock, Ottawa. 

Congratulations 

Dear Editor: 

I congratulate you on a fine publication. 
Over the years I have noted a remarkable 
improvement in THE CANADIAN NURSE. It is 
my opinion that your publication is one of 
the best professional journals currently avail 
able. Gordon M. Patrick, Assistant Di 
rector of Education. Alcoholism and Drug 
Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, fj 



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Leifer PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES 

IN PEDIATRIC NURSING 



LeMaitre & Finnegan THE 

PATIENT IN SURGERY 
Marlow PEDIATRIC NURSING 
McClain SIMPLIFIED 

ARITHMETIC FOR NURSES 
McQuillan FUNDAMENTALS 

OF NURSING HOME 

ADMINISTRATION 
Miller & Avery GYNECOLOGY 

& GYNECOLOGIC NURSING 
O Hara & Re ith PSYCHOLOGY 

AND THE NURSE 
Olson A NURSES HANDBOOK 
Olson-Dorland s REFERENCE 

HANDBOOK & DICTIONARY 

OF NURSING 
Perkins ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE 

FOR OPERATING ROOM 

PERSONNEL 
Price AMERICAN NURSES 

DICTIONARY 
Price ART, SCIENCE AND 

SPIRIT OF NURSING 
Routh INORGANIC, ORGANIC 

& BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 
Routh LAB MANUAL OF 

CHEMISTRY 
Sackheim PRACTICAL 

PHYSICS FOR NURSES 
Sanner TRENDS AND 

PROFESSIONAL 

ADJUSTMENTS IN NURSING 
Sel lew SOCIOLOGY AND ITS 

USE IN NURSING 
Shackelton PRACTICAL NURSE 

NUTRITION EDUCATION 
Shyrock HISTORY OF 

NURSING 
Smith MATERNAL-CHILD 

NURSING 
Stafford & Diller SURGERY 

AND SURGICAL NURSING 
Stanley-Brown PEDIATRIC 

SURGERY FOR NURSES 
Stevens PERSONAL AND 

FOR PRACTICAL NURSES 
Stevens PERSONAL AND 

VOCATIONAL 

RELATIONSHIPS IN 

PRACTICAL NURSING 
Stryker BACK TO NURSING 
Sutton BEDSIDE NURSING 

TECHNIQUES IN 

MEDICINE AND SURGERY 
Sutton WORKBOOK FOR 

PRACTICAL NURSES 
Thompson PEDIATRICS FOR 

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Voeks ON BECOMING AN 

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Wallace HEALTH SERVICES 

FOR MOTHERS & CHILDREN 
Weibe ORTHOPEDICS 

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Wilbur COMMUNITY 

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Wright & Montag 

PHARMACOLOGY AND 

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DECEMBER 1967 



news 



ICN Magazine, Newsletter 
Get New Formats 

Geneva. Beginning January 1968, the 
International Nursing Review, official jour 
nal of the International Council of Nurses, 
and the ICN News Letter will undergo ma 
jor changes in format. Sheila Quinn, execu 
tive director designate of ICN, reported on 
the changes during her visit to CNA House 
in Ottawa in October. 

The major change is in the newsletter. 
This will become an eight-page newssheet, 
renamed ICN Calling, and will be published 
10 times each year monthly, except for 
August and December. It will contain news 
of ICN and its member associations and in 
formation on events of major importance to 
nurses throughout the world. 

ICN Calling will be published in separate 
language editions: French, English, and Spa 
nish. Items will be short and prepared in a 
lively, light, and easy-to-read news style. 
Photographs will be used. Subscription rate 
will be $2.00 (US funds) per year. 

The ICN Review will be enlarged from 72 
to 96 pages and will be published quarterly. 
Articles will be published in English, with 
summaries in the ICN working languages, 
French, German, and Spanish. The Review 
will no longer carry news, but will enlarge 
the scope of professional articles to provide 
background information that will lead to 
better international understanding. Subscrip 
tion rate will be $4.50 per year (US funds). 

The January 1968 Review will be a 
"North American issue," says Miss Quinn. 
"It will help to give our readers informa 
tion on the United States and Canada as a 
preliminary for the ICN Congress to be held 
in Montreal in 1969," she said. S. Karger of 
New York will be publisher of both publica 
tions. 

The changes in format of the two publica 
tions were recommended by an ICN Expert 
Advisory Committee that met last April. 

Subscriptions may be obtained by sending 
requests with money orders to cover costs 
to ICN Headquarters, P.O. Box 42, 1211 
Geneva 20, Switzerland. 

CNF Has Back to Wall; 
Enough Money for 
One More Year 

Ottawa. Members to the annual meet 
ing of the Canadian Nurses Foundation, 
held at CNA House in October, heard sad 
news in the report of the Secretary-Treasu 
rer. The Foundation has only enough funds 
to proceed with awards for one more year 
unless it can find other support moneys. 

Helen K. Mussallem, secretary-treasurer 

DECEMBER 1967 



ICN Leaders View Montreal Congress Facilities 




Montreal. Sheila Quinn, executive director designate of the International Council of 
Nurses, visited Montreal during the latter part of October to work out plans for the 
1 4th Quadrennial Congress to be held here June 23-29, 1 969. Alice Girard, president of 
the ICN and dean of the school of nursing at the University of Montreal, and Helen 
K. Mussallem, executive director of the Canadian Nurses Association, accompanied 
Miss Quinn on her rounds of the proposed facilities for Congress visitors. 

During the visit to Montreal, the nurses visited Mayor Jean Drapeau s office. Mayor 
Drapeau offered his best wishes for a successful Congress and pledged his support. He 
has extended the aid of the technical services of the city to help organize the inter 
national convention, and has appointed Mr. M. Dupire, the official greeter for the city, 
as his representative on the Congress Planning Committee. 

Miss Quinn and Dr. Mussallem toured the convention site, the recently completed 
Place Bonaventure, during the Montreal visit. The general assemblies will be held in 
the 200,000-square-foot Concordia Hall, which will seat up to 17,000 people. 

Arrangements for hotel accommodation, publicity, registration, and other facilities 
are underway. 

In the photograph, Miss Girard takes a moment during the visit to City Hall to 
sign the golden visitors book, while Dr. Mussallem, Miss Quinn, and Mayor Drapeau 
look on. 



for the Board, reported that the organiza 
tion has not received enough financial and 
membership support to enable it to stand on 
its own now that the initial six-year grant 
of $150,000 from the W.K. Kellogg Foun 
dation has been used. 

The CNF was founded to support higher 
education for nurses in Canada. It is es 
pecially concerned with helping finance Ca 
nadian nurses for leadership positions with 
in the profession. Since its inception in 
1962, CNF has given financial support to a 
total of 57 nurses (49 for master s prepa 
ration, 8 for doctoral). The Foundation 
awards total about $35,000 annually. 

Aside from the Kellogg grant, 1967 fin 
ancial support for the CNF included funds 



from the W.B. Saunders Publishing Compa 
ny. Provincial nurses associations also con 
tributed $12,032 to the scholarship moneys 
during the past year, but this was mainly 
from two provinces (B.C. $5,477; Sask. 
$5,000). The Canadian Nurses Association 
provides office space and facilities and bears 
the administrative costs. In addition it is 
committed to supplement scholarship funds 
to the amount of $30.000 each year for the 
current 1966-68 biennium. "The CNA can 
not do more at the present time," reported a 
Board member. "It is facing budget cuts 
because of its own fee problems," she added. 
CNF President M. Jean Anderson com 
mented, "The continuing decline in member 
ship is the real cause for concern. If we 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 9 



news 



cannot interest nurses in supporting nursing 
education, we are in a very poor position to 
try to solicit money from private concerns 
and governments." 

She stressed that the Board would direct 
all its energies for the coming year into at 
tempting to find additional sources of re 
venue. 

Because of the precarious financial situa 
tion and the priority needs of scholars at 
the master s and doctoral levels, members 
approved a resolution that awards for bac 
calaureate candidates be deferred for at 
least another year. 

Workshops on Nursing Service 
"Highly Successful" 

Ottawa. -- The six workshops for direc 
tors and assistant directors of nursing ser 
vice sponsored by the Canadian Nurses As 
sociation during the past year have been 
summed up by workshop director Frances 
Howard as "highly successful." 

The final four workshops were held in 
Toronto, London, Regina, and Quebec City 
during October and November. The topic of 
all workshops was "Improvement of Nurs 
ing Service in Hospitals Through the Prob 
lem-Solving Method." 

The final workshop was for French-speak 
ing nurses and was held in Quebec City at 
the end of November. Guest speakers were 
Sister Jeannette Gagnon, s.g.m.. Sister Ber- 
nadette Poirier, and Claire Gagnon. Lionel 
Desjarlais, counselor in administration and 
dean of the faculty of education. University 
of Ottawa, was guest consultant. 

The Quebec City workshop was attended 
by more than 60 nurses but was still largely 
oversubscribed. Miss Howard, the CNA con 
sultant in nursing service who was respons 
ible for the workshops, is considering re 
peating this session. 

ANPEI Holds 46th Annual 
Meeting 

Montague, P.E.I. The 46th annual 
meeting of the Association of Nurses of 
Prince Edward Island was held in Montague, 
October 12, 1967, with 96 persons in at 
tendance. The theme for the meeting was 
"The Nursing Profession and the Work 
World." 

In the opening address to the assembly, 
the President, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m., 
spoke of changes taking place in nursing 
programs and in concepts of nursing care. 
She urged nurses to meet these changes with 
constructive control rather than with resis 
tance. 

In line with the theme, a panel discus 
sion was conducted on collective bargaining. 
The panel was chaired by Genevieve Mac- 
Donald, chairman of the committee on so 
cial and economic welfare of the ANPEI. 



Participants on the panel were Charles Mc- 
Quaid, Charlottetown lawyer and former 
chairman of the P.E.I. Labour Board; J. 
Merrill McAlduff, administrative assistant, 
Department of Labour and Manpower Re 
sources; Lloyd K. White, president. Interna 
tional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers; 
Juanita MacDonald, instructor in nursing, 
Charlottetown Hospital; Raymond MacDo 
nald, industrial relations officer, Canada 
Packers, Charlottetown Branch; and John F. 
MacMillan, director of organization, Cana 
dian Union of Public Employees, Ottawa. 
The Minister of Labour and Manpower Re 
sources. Elmer Blanchard, was present at the 
meeting and spoke during the discussion 
period. 

During the meeting an honorary mem 
bership was conferred on Dorothy M. Per 
cy, who until this year was chief nursing 
consultant for the Department of National 
Health and Welfare. Over the past 12 years, 
Miss Percy has met every request for con 
sultative service to the Association. She gave 
special guidance when the psychiatric affi 
liation program was established in 1958 for 
all students of nursing in P.E.I. She also 
spoke at the national level on behalf of the 
Association to maintain a general public 
health grant for the employment of a 
school of nursing adviser on a part-time 
basis. In addition, the Island s nurses wish 
ed to recognize the important influence Miss 
Percy has had on the progress of nursing 
affairs in Canada. 

One portion of the program was devoted 
to the release of the report of a Study of 
Transition in Nursing Education conducted 
during the past year by Harold Rowe, now 
research specialist with the Kentucky Re 
search Coordinating Unit. University of 
Kentucky. The findings in the study will 
be analyzed by a committee composed of 
nurses, physicians, college professors, and 
other community leaders, so that a deter 
mination can be made on the use of this in 
formation in planning for the future of 
nursing education on the Island. 

Guest speaker at the luncheon was Rev 
erend Allan MacDonald, head of the Socio 
logy Department of St. Dunstan s Univer 
sity, who spoke on the topic "Social Justice 
and the Nursing profession." Father Mac- 
Donald pointed out that responsible collec 
tive bargaining is carried out, not in the 
context of power and self-interest, but in 
terms of principle and ethics. 

Officers, council members, and commit 
tee chairmen for the coming year include: 
president, Sister Marie Cahill, c.s.m.; past 
president, Alice Trainor; president-elect, 
Constance MacFarlane Corbett; vice-presi 
dent, Charlotte Gordon; and secretary-trea 
surer, Helen Curran Bolger. 

Nursing Unit Administration 
Course Records Successful Year 

Ottawa. The extension course in Nur 
sing Unit Administration, jointly sponsored 
by the Canadian Nurses Association and 



in TLJ c /- 



the Canadian Hospital Association, was fi 
nancially self-sufficient and able to enlarge 
its efforts to provide a continuing education 
program for nurses in administrative posi 
tions during 1967. 

In a report to the Joint Committee at its 
meeting at CNA House in Ottawa early in 
November, Dorothy Nelson, director of the 
course, reported that 416 students success 
fully completed the 1966-67 program. En 
rollment for the 1967-68 course is 487 stu 
dents, and applications for 1968-69 are al 
ready on file. 

The final report on the recently-completed 
three-year evaluation project was also pre 
sented to the committee. In the report Mrs. 
Nelson stated, "The response to the program 
points to the recognition of the need for 
continuing education on the part of head 
nurses and supervisors and also on the part 
of their employers. With ongoing review 
and revision of the content and method of 
the program, it is hoped that the course may 
continue to be helpful to nursing personnel 
and thus assist in an improvement of the 
quality of nursing services provided in Ca 
nadian hospitals." 

The Nursing Unit Administration exten 
sion course was started in 1960. At that time 
a W.K. Kellogg Foundation grant was sup 
plied to run the program for the first four 
years. In 1964, the Joint Committee, recog 
nizing that an extensive evaluation project 
would be helpful, asked the Foundation if it 
might use the remaining funds in the ini 
tial grant to evaluate the program. The 
Kellogg Foundation granted approval for a 
two-phase project that first evaluated the 
program and proposed revisions, and then 
financed implementation of the revisions. 

The enrollment to the present is 2,863 
nurses, of whom 339 have taken the pro 
gram in French. 

500 Saskatchewan Nurses 
Attend Collective Bargaining 
Workshops 

Regina. Nearly 500 Saskatchewan 
nurses met in small groups throughout the 
province during October to discuss collec 
tive bargaining. The Saskatchewan Register 
ed Nurses Association sponsored the six 
one-day workshops to help nurses learn 
something of the principles and problems of 
collective bargaining. 

Glenna Rowsell, nursing consultant in so 
cial and economic welfare for the Canadian 
Nurses Association, conducted the work 
shops. She stressed that the workshops were 
not concerned with the current salary ne 
gotiations in the province. "Our concern was 
to interpret how collective bargaining is 
progressing in other provinces across Cana 
da, and to discuss how the proposed Bill on 
collective bargaining rights for nurses and 
nursing assistants, currently being prepared 
by the SRNA, would work," she said. 

"To have collective bargaining work, it 

is necessary to have individual involvement," 

(Continued on page 12) 

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DECEMBER 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 11 



news 



(Continued from page 10) 

she added. "This workshop method helps to 
get the individual nurses informed." 

CNF Scholarship To 
Commemorate Dr. Katherine 
MacLaggan 

Ottawa. The Board of Directors of the 
Canadian Nurses Foundation has named an 
annual scholarship award in the memory of 
Katherine E. MacLaggan, the late president 
of the Canadian Nurses Association. M. 
Jean Anderson reported on the decision at 
the mid-October annual meeting of the 
Foundation. 

Miss Anderson said that the CNF Board 
authorized the annual award of the Dr. 
Katherine E. MacLaggan scholarship for an 
outstanding candidate for doctoral study. 
The study has been awarded for the 1967- 
68 academic year to Shirley M. Stinson of 
Tofield, Alberta. 

Dr. MacLaggan, who died in February of 
this year, had been a charter member and 
enthusiastic supporter of the Foundation. 

Manitoba Nurses: Are They 
Coming Or Going? 

Winnipeg. Apparently Manitoba loses 
just as many registered nurses each year as 
it gains through new graduates, out-of-pro- 
vince, and out-of-country registrations, ac 
cording to Marlene Caldwell, registrar for 
the Manitoba Association of Registered 
Nurses. So far the MARN has had no way 
of confirming these statistics, except by to 
taling the requests for proof of Manitoba 
registration from other nurses associations. 

The MARN hopes to undertake a study 
to determine exactly how many nurses are 
coming and going, and to find out where the 
"greener pastures" are. 

In reporting the statistics, the MARN 
Bulletin added, "For the present it is suffi 
cient to know that Manitoba is a transient 
province as far as nurses are concerned. 
The time has come to accept the fact and 
take steps to counteract the situation. It is 
true that our climate leaves much to be de 
sired. It must be acknowledged, however, 
that nurses are leaving Manitoba for rea 
sons other than our cold winters." 

RNANS To Sponsor 
Librarians Workshop 

Halifax. The Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Nova Scotia will sponsor a five- 
day workshop for non-professional librarians 
working in school of nursing libraries on 
January 15-19, 1968. 

Sister Marie Barbara, vice-president of 
RNANS and director of nurses, St. Martha s 
Hospital, Antigonish, is directing the pro 
ject and expects that about 35 persons will 

12 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



participate. Hospital and agency libraries 
may also send representatives to the five- 
day project. 

Margaret Parkin, librarian for the Cana 
dian Nurses Association Library, will coor 
dinate the workshop, which will include lec 
tures, demonstrations of library tools and 
their uses, and discussions on resources and 
resource materials. Tours of local libraries 
will probably be included. 

B.C. Reorganizes 
Mental Health Services 

Vancouver. The British Columbia 
Mental Health Services Branch has an 
nounced a major reorganization to meet 
changing patterns of care for the mentally ill 
and retarded. It will no longer be primarily 
"service" oriented but will assume increased 
responsibility for overall aspects of mental 
health planning to facilitate the decentraliza 
tion and regionalization of mental health 
programs throughout the province, reports F. 
G. Tucker, Deputy Minister of Mental 
Health Services. 

The positions of Deputy Minister and Di 
rector have been separated. The Director of 
Mental Health Services. Dr. H.W. Bridge, 
will be located in the Vancouver area, hav 
ing as his responsibility the management of 
all mental hospitals and institutions provid 
ing in-patient care, as well as the Mental 
Health Centre in Burnaby. The Deputy Min 
ister, Dr. F.G. Tucker, will be located in 
Victoria and will have a staff of professio 
nal consultants whose task will be to co 
operate with local authorities, mental health 
professionals, universities, public and private 
agencies as well as with other government 
departments in the development of com 
munity programs. 

This central headquarters staff in Victo 
ria will place particular emphasis upon pro 
viding professional counsel for the develop 
ment of community based psychiatric pro 
grams, facilities, and services for mental re 
tardates, comprehensive programs for emo 
tionally disturbed children, integrated ser 
vices for the aged mentally ill, and for the 
provision of forensic clinics. Special epide- 
miological and sociological studies will be 
undertaken; emphasis will be placed on the 
collection, analysis, and interpretation of 
essential statistical data; ongoing programs 
will be continually evaluated; any required 
regulations, standards, and such, will be de 
veloped; inservice training, liaison with uni 
versities, organization of seminars, institutes 
and workshops for professional groups will 
be promoted; and clinical research will be 
facilitated. 

PEI Nurses Raise Association Fees 

Charlottetown. The Association of 
Nurses of Prince Edward Island has appro 
ved a change in bylaws that raises current 
practicing membership fees. The change was 
approved at the annual meeting in Mon 
tague in October. 

Effective January 1, 1968, the ANPEI 



fee will be raised from $20 to $25; on 
January 1, 1969, the fee will be raised to 
$30. 

The Prince Edward Island Association is 
the smallest of the provincial nursing asso 
ciations. In 1966, it had 602 members. 

NBARN Awards Scholarships 

Frcdcriclon. -- The New Brunswick As 
sociation of Registered Nurses has awarded 
its annual scholarships. 

Ruth Symonds, of Marysville, N.B., re 
ceived the "Muriel Archibald Scholarship" of 
$1,000. This will assist her to study in the 
degree program for registered nurses at the 
school of nursing. University of New Bruns 
wick. 

"The New Brunswick Association of Reg 
istered Nurses Scholarship" will again be 
divided into two awards and two baccalau 
reate nursing students will each receive $500. 
Annette Frenette, of Beresford, N.B., is en 
tering the third year of the baccalaureate 
degree course in nursing at the University 
of Moncton. The other recipient, Carolyn 
Wilson, of Stanley, N.B., is in the third 
year of her studies toward a bachelor of 
nursing degree at the school of nursing, 
University of New Brunswick. 

These scholarships were inaugurated five 
years ago to give financial assistance to 
worthy New Brunswick nursing students. 
Scholarship recipients are required to work 
one year in nursing in New Brunswick fol 
lowing completion of their courses. 

AHA Official Applauds Coals 
But Disagrees with Method 

Toronto. "Let us communicate to the 
nurse leadership our strong support for their 
goals, but our disagreement with their cho 
sen method of implementing these goals," a 
U.S. hospital association official advised 
delegates at the 43rd annual meeting of the 
Ontario Hospital Association in Toronto in 
October. 

Speaking on a panel that discussed the 
educational preparation of nurses, Donald 
W. Cordes, vice-chairman of the American 
Hospital Association s Council of Nursing, 
accused nurse educators of emphasizing their 
long-term goal of transfering nursing educa 
tion into educational institutions "with seem 
ing total unconcern of the short-term needs 
of the sick and injured." Mr. Cordes said 
that enrollments and graduations are de 
creasing in the U.S. and even financial in 
centives, such as federal grants, have failed 
to attract more students. 

The platform and goals of U.S. nursing 
leaders have cast serious doubt as to the 
quality of educational programs provided by 
hospital schools of nursing, according to 
Mr. Cordes. At the same time, the junior 
colleges have not sufficiently increased in 
either quality of instruction or number to 
meet the need, he said. As a result, there is 
a "tragic reluctance" on the part of high 
school graduates to enter hospital schools, 
(Continued on page 14) 
DECEMBER 1967 



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news 



(Continued from page 12) 

and there are inadequate junior colleges 
available to admit the applicants. 

Mr. Cordes said that what is happening in 
the U.S. appears to be happening in Canada. 
He advised his audience to encourage the 
nursing profession to support all types of 
programs, including the hospital school of 
nursing; to make the hospital school of nur 
sing a "truly educational endeavor"; and to 
support nursing programs in the junior or 
community colleges, but to recognize that 
not all persons desire this type of education. 

Other panel members were: Charles I. 
Black, chairman, OHA Committee on Hos 
pitals Conducting Schools of Nursing; chair 
man. Dr. J.D. Wallace, executive director, 
Toronto General Hospital; Albert W. Wed- 
gery, president, RNAO; Stanley W. Martin, 
chairman and general manager, Ontario 
Hospital Services Commission. 

School of Nursing Entrance 
Requirements Changed in 
Ontario 

Toronto. Students who graduate from 
the Ontario Department of Education s four- 
year high school program now will be able 
to enter schools of nursing in the province. 
Prior to recent legislative changes, the min 
imum qualifications for entry into nursing 
has been Grade 12 (junior matriculation) of 
the regular five-year course, with certain 
required science subjects. 

The new regulation under the province s 
Nurses Act, as published in the Ontario 



Gazette, now widens the entrance require 
ment to include Grade 12 graduates from 
either the four- or five-year streams. How 
ever, students from the four-year program 
will be required to have Grade 10 mathema 
tics as well as the necessary sciences, includ 
ing chemistry and physics or biology. 

The change was recommended to the 
Minister of Health by the College of Nurses 
of Ontario, which administers the Nurses 
Act. 

Inservice Education 
Should be Personalized 

Toronto. If the nurse isn t treated as 
an individual, she will be incapable of giving 
individual care to her patients, the Nursing 
Administration Section of the Ontario Hos 
pital Association was told by panelists at the 
OHA annual meeting in October. 

Talking about "Inservice, Our Centennial 
Project," Anita Germaine. director of nurs 
ing at Scarborough Centenary Hospital, 
Scarborough, said that the development of 
the nurse as a person is one of the main ob 
jectives of inservice education. The teaching 
of nursing skills, another main goal, will be 
effective only if the person is treated as an 
individual and not as a "cog-in-the wheel," 
she added. 

According to Dorothy Rowles, director of 
nursing at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, 
Toronto, the new graduate of any program 
expects that the persons responsible for her 
work will be interested in her and will help 
her learn what she does not know. This 
means that an inservice program from a 
central source is not as meaningful as the 
assistance that she receives on the unit, Miss 
Rowles said. 

Panelist Irene Buchan, consultant, Hospi 
tal Nursing, Department of National Health 



and Welfare, pointed out that inservice edu 
cation is not intended to be a panacea of edu 
cational needs for all staff. There is a real 
danger of professional obsolescence, she said, 
and it is up to the individual to keep herself 
up-to-date with new developments. Speaking 
of the inservice program at York Central 
Hospital in Richmond Hill, Ontario, pane 
list M. Wood said that nursing rounds are 
considered to be an effective way to keep 
nurses conversant with patient care. Pat 
terned after medical rounds, the nursing 
rounds give nurses an opportunity to learn 
more about their patients and about any new 
equipment being used, she said. 

Phyllis Norton, assistant director, nursing 
service, at The Hospital for Sick Children, 
was panel chairman. 

Committee to Raise Funds 

For Monument to Jeanne Mance 

Montreal. Nurses, in collaboration with 
the Centre Jeanne-Mance of Montreal, have 
formed a committee to raise money for a 
monument to Jeanne Mance to be erected 
near her birthplace in Langres, France. Rev 
erend Mother Allard, r.h.s.j., of the Hotel- 
Dieu, Montreal, chairman of the Montreal- 
Langres Committee, reports that the com 
mittee hopes to raise enough Canadian 
funds to support the project. 

Since 1934, religious and civil authorities 
of Langres have been planning to honor 
Jeanne Mance, their compatriot and one of 
the founders of nursing in the New World. 
Jeanne Mance left Langres in 1641, 
after three years of practical experience in 
nursing the sick poor there. She came to 
New France and was one of the leading sup 
porters of a colony at Montreal. She estab 
lished the first hospital there and was its 
administrator, chief nurse, and major fund- 




Kim 



OHA Symposium on Nursing Education. Donald W. 
Cordes, vice-chairman of the American Hospital Associa 
tion s Council on Nursing, speaks out in favor of hospital 
schools of nursing at the Ontario Hospital Association s 
43rd annual meeting in Toronto in October. 
14 THE CANADIAN NURSE 




OHA Nursing Administration Section Attracts Large Au 
dience. It was standing room only for many nurses who 
attended a panel presentation on "Inservice, Our Centen 
nial Project" at the Ontario Hospital Association s annual 
meeting in October. Phyllis Norton was panel chairman. 

DECEMBER 1967 



news 



raiser, until her death in 1673. 

The Montreal committee still needs $1500 
for the project. The monument is to be 
erected in mid- 1968. Nurses who wish to 
contribute to the monument should send 
their donations before 3 1 December to 
Montreal-Langres Committee, c/o Centre 
Jeanne-Mance, Hotel-Dieu. 3840 rue St- 
Urbain. Montreal 18. indicating that it is for 
the monument in Langres. 

Twenty-six Enrolled in RNAO s 
Refresher Course for Nurses 

Toronto. Twenty-six inactive registered 
nurses went "back to the books" October 3 1 
when they began a six-week refresher course 
sponsored by the Registered Nurses Asso 
ciation of Ontario and the hospitals of Me 
tropolitan Toronto. 

The October course, which provides theory 
in nursing and supervised clinical experience. 
is a pilot project for Metropolitan Toronto. 
According to RNAO executive director Lau 
ra W. Barr, the results of the Toronto ex 
perience will be useful in setting a pattern 
for province-wide planning at a later date. 

The decision to hold refresher courses to 
assist nurses to return to nursing was made 
by a joint coordinating committee, represent 
ing the RNAO, the Ontario Hospital Asso 



ciation, and the Ontario Hospital Services 
Commission. The RNAO appointed Marga 
ret L. Peart to coordinate and conduct the 
refresher program during the "pilot" phase. 

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers 
Donate Medical Kits to CUSO 

Ottawa. Canadian volunteers serving in 
40 developing countries will benefit from a 
supply of 800 medical kits presented to the 
Canadian University Service Overseas. Eight 
of the 800 medical kits were handed over at 
a ceremony to a group of Canadian nurses 
who had just finished a CUSO orientation 
course prior to leaving for two years service 
in India. 

The kits, valued at more than $40,000. 
were organized for CUSO by the Pharma 
ceutical Manufacturers Association of Ca 
nada, which coordinated supplies donated by 
its member companies, other manufacturers, 
surgical and hospital supply firms, and 
wholesale houses. 

Further assistance in the project came 
from the Department of National Health 
and Welfare, which had the kits packaged by 
its Emergency Health Services Division, and 
from the Royal Canadian Air Force, which 
is supplementing commercial freight services. 

The kits were presented by E. Glyde 
Gregory, president of Ayerst Laboratories 
and Chairman of the Board of PMAC, on 
behalf of the donating companies. J.N. 
Crawford, deputy minister of health, Helen 
K. Mussallem, executive director of the 



Canadian Nurses Association, and Hugh 
Christie, CUSO executive director, attended 
the ceremony. 

In making the presentation, Mr. Gregory 
paid tribute to CUSO for its "effective and 
invaluable role in assisting the social and 
economic advancement of so many develop 
ing nations. In Africa, Asia, the Caribbean 
and Latin America," he said, "CUSO doc 
tors, nurses, teachers, engineers, agricultu 
ralists, foresters and other qualified person 
nel have earned the gratitude and respect 
not only of governments but also, on a more 
personal level, of thousands of ordinary 
people who have benefited directly from 
this most worthwhile program. We as Cana 
dians should also be grateful to these vo 
lunteers for the way in which they are in 
creasing international understanding, and, in 
the process of their work, furthering Cana 
da s image abroad." 

Mr. Gregory, who launched the initial 
CUSO kit project and personnally organ 
ized it for several years, said that foreign 
aid constitutes one of the greatest chal 
lenges facing today s industrially-advanced 
nations. "It is not a job for governments 
alone," he said. "Volunteer assistance backed 
by private enterprise, as exemplified in the 
CUSO program, is vital, and I am proud 
of the part we have been able to play in this 
and other projects." 

Dr. Crawford, noting that CUSO has 
the full support of the Canadian govern 
ment, said the Department of National 




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DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 15 



news 



Health and Welfare was pleased to have 
had the opportunity of participating in 
such a commendable project. 

Each kit contains 35 items - - from 
Aspirin, Gantrisin, and ointments to Band- 
aids, elastic bandages, and insect repellent 
designed to provide early treatment for 
and protection against many common con 
ditions. The kits are used by volunteers 
to maintain their own health during service 
overseas, and, in the more remote areas, 
to provide emergency treatment and first- 
aid for local co-workers and students. 

Expo Wind-up 

Montreal. - - In spite of poor weather 
and the bus strike in Montreal, some 60 
guests attended the reception given by the 
Canadian Nurses Association on October 
17 at the Man and His Health pavilion 
at Expo 67. The party was organized to 
thank hospitals and nurses associations for 
their contribution to the organization of 
the nursing services booth in the pavilion. 
Hospitals and agencies in the area had 
provided lodgings and had hosted the staff 
for the booth during the fair. 

Guests had the opportunity to admire 
photographs taken of the nurses booth 
during the world exhibition and to look 
through the visitors guest book. Sister Mary 
Felicitas. CNA president, praised the per 
formance of the nurses at the station and 
thanked all who had participated. A sym 
bolic silver spoon with the Association s 
emblem was presented to each of the 
student and registered nurses who served 
at the nurses station during the six-month 
exhibition. 

Alice Girard, president of the Interna 
tional Council of Nurses, Sheila Quinn, 
executive director designate of ICN, Lyle 
Creelman, senior nurse for World Health 
Organization, and Helen K. Mussallem, 
executive director of CNA, represented 
nurses associations at the reception. Carlton 
B. Pierce, medical consultant for the Theme 
Pavilion, Michel Jutras, manager of exhibi 
tions at the Man and His Health Pavilion, 
and Rita Lussier and Viola Aboud, co 
ordinators of the nurses station, were 
present on behalf of Expo 67. Norman 
Lupovich, president of White Sister Uniform 
Company, and Otto Rabb, of Siemens 
Medical of Canada, co-sponsors with CNA 
of the nurses booth, were among the 
guests. 

All the months of preparation, collabor 
ation, and exchanges ended up in an at 
mosphere of gaiety and satisfaction. 

Coronary Monitoring 
Seminar at MGH 

Montreal. The establishment of cor 
onary monitoring units was the topic of a 

16 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



two-day seminar held October 16 and 17 at 
The Montreal General Hospital. Sponsored 
by the nursing department of the hospital, 
the seminar was attended by 70 nurses 
from English-language hospitals in Montreal 
and surrounding areas. 

Members of medical staff discussed the 
philosophy behind a coronary monitoring 
unit, described technical aspects and equip 
ment, and demonstrated responses to life- 
endangering arrythmias. 

Nursing staff from the unit at The 
Montreal General described principles of 
staffing and recruitment, special orientation 
programs for new staff, ongoing educa 
tional programs, physical setup and environ 
ment, and procedures and nursing care of 
the patient. Films, slides, and visual aids 
were used and delegates toured the unit 
as part of the seminar. 

A role playing session illustrated the 
admission of a patient to the unit, detection 
of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, 
and subsequent treatment. 

The emphasis during the two days center 
ed on prophylaxis of cardiac arrythmias. 

Canadian Rehabilitation Council 
Honors Montreal Agency 

Toronto. - - Recreation for the Handi 
capped, Inc., a Montreal agency providing 
recreation programs for the disabled, has 
received the annual Reader s Digest Award, 
which honors those who have contributed 
in the field of rehabilitation. 

Given for distinguished service in de 
veloping and expanding a community re 
habilitation program during 1966-1967, the 
award was presented by E.P. Zimmerman, 
President of the Reader s Digest Association 
(Canada) Limited, at the fifth annual meet 
ing of the Canadian Rehabilitation Council 
for the Disabled, October 20. 

Accepting the framed certificate together 
with the cheque for $500, which accom 
panies the award, was Mrs. John S. Corbett, 
of Montreal, president of the Recreation 
for the Handicapped Inc. 

In selecting this agency, the Canadian 
Rehabilitation Council for the Disabled 
departed from its usual practice of accepting 
nominations for the award from agencies 
and individuals working in the field of 
rehabilitation across Canada. The Council 
Board of Directors felt that Recreation for 
the Handicapped Inc. had, through its 
services to all the disabled in Canada in 
this Centennial year, merited the honor 
beyond any doubt. 

Started as a pilot project of the Montreal 
Council of Social Agencies in 1957, the 
agency works through existing recreational 
facilities to plan and provide programs 
specially suited to the physically disabled. 
In the past seven years its services have 
enlarged to meet the increased number of 
requests from the handicapped who wish 
to live as full and as normal a life as 
possible. 



The Canadian Rehabilitation Council, 
which acts as the coordinating body for 
more than 20 rehabilitation organizations 
across Canada, was formed in 1962. It 
was a merger of all provincial agencies 
caring for Canada s crippled children 
through receipt of annual Easter Seal 
Funds, and those whose programs are 
directed toward rehabilitation of the adult 
disabled (March of Dimes or Mothers 
March agencies). The Council acts as the 
national spokesman to all levels of govern 
ment and the general public on behalf of 
the physically handicapped adult and child 
in this country. 

Three Western Provinces 
To Participate In 
International Health Study 

Vancouver. British Columbia, Alberta, 
and Saskatchewan will participate in a 
seven-nation international study on utiliza 
tion of medical care now underway under 
the chairmanship of Dr. Kerr White of 
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mary 
land. The study, which will include a 
computer analysis of masses of statistical 
data, will take three years. 

The goals of the study have been 
specified in hypotheses relating to medical 
resources and utilization of health personnel, 
morbidity and physician consultation, mor 
bidity and nurse consultation, morbidity and 
drug use, social position and attitudes to 
utilization, and other factors. 

The British Columbia study will be 
undertaken by the B.C. Health Resources 
Council, a group representing the health 
professions, provincial government, and 
schools and faculties associated with the 
health professions at the University of 
B.C. 

A special study had been planned pre 
viously by the Council as an in-depth 
investigation of the availability and utiliza 
tion of all health resources in two typical 
B.C. communities. The Council has approved 
joining the B.C. study to the international 
study and believes that both will benefit. 

The resources study will be conducted 
from May 1 to Sept. 1, 1968, by a group 
of UBC pharmacy, dental, and medical 
students. 

They will make a detailed census of all 
health workers and facilities in the area, 
and by means of questionnaires, will 
attempt to establish the total number of 
man-hours available for personal health 
care, the time given to each patient, and 
the length of time patients must wait for 
appointments with doctors and dentists. 

A household survey will be conducted 
by two teams, each composed of 12 inter 
viewers and supervisors. Each team will 
interview members of 250 families in each 
of four six-week periods spread over the 
12 months beginning May 1, 1968. Each 
interview will take about an hour. D 

DECEMBER 1967 



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THF f AMAOIAN NIJRSF 17 



names 



The Canadian Nurses Association lost 
a valuable staff member last month when 
June I. Ferguson, public relations officer, 
left to get married. 

Miss Ferguson was CNA s first public 
relations officer. Before coming to the 
Association in 1962, she worked in public 
relations and sales promotion for Air 
Canada; with Public and Industrial Rela 
tions Ltd. in Toronto; and as press 
representative for CJOH television, Ottawa. 

Dr. Helen Mussallem, executive director 
of CNA, commended Miss Ferguson s work 
over the past five years. "Through her 
vitality, ingenuity, and intelligence, she has 
added lustre to the image of the nursing 
profession and its organizations as a vital, 
creative body committed to the improve 
ment of health," she said. 

"A public relations person is responsible 
for obtaining public acceptance of the 
Association s beliefs and enlisting public 
support for its endeavors," Dr. Mussallem 
continued. "Miss Ferguson s lively, outgoing, 
warm personality and her ability to 
establish rapport with people have been 
invaluable assets in establishing a good 
image for the nursing profession and its 
associations in Canada." 

Miss Ferguson considers communications 
with nurses themselves to have been her 
most important task. "The nursing profes 
sion must know at all times where it is 
going and why, if it is to continue to 
advance as the concept of nursing ad 
vances," she said. 

To help nurses work together in pro 
moting the aims and objectives of the 
Association, Miss Ferguson has worked 
closely with the provincial associations, 
edited the monthly CNA Bulletin, written 
in THE CANADIAN NURSE, and directed 
information to national magazines, tele 
vision, radio, and press. 

Sheila Quinn, exec 
utive director desig 
nate of the Inter 
national Council of 
Nurses, spent one 
week in October at 
the Canadian Nurses 
^ . jV^w I Association headquar- 
[ ters in Ottawa. The 
main purpose of her 

visit was to consult with Dr. Mussallem, 
executive director of CNA, about arrange 
ments for the ICN Congress to be held 
in Montreal in June, 1969. 

The theme of the 14th Quadrennial 
Congress will be "Focus on the Future." 

18 THE CANADIAN NURSE 





A "farewell" tea was held for June I. Ferguson, CNA public relations officer, 
before she left CNA to embark on her new career marriage. Dr. Helen K. 
Mussallem (right), CNA executive director, made the presentation. 



The basic problems of nursing are the 
same the world over, Miss Quinn said, 
and this topic will encompass three broad 
areas of concern: nursing education, social 
and economic welfare of nurses, and 
nursing service. 

"The ICN is not a standard-setting body, 
but one of its main purposes is to provide 
an international forum for discussion," Miss 
Quinn said. "There are many different 
philosophies of nursing held by nurses 
throughout the world," she added. "ICN, 
however, has formulated a broad definition 
of a nurse to be used as a criterion for 
eligibility of membership within the ICN." 

Sixty-three countries and more than 
800,000 nurses are members of the ICN. 
About 12,000 persons are expected to at 
tend the 1969 congress, almost twice the 
number that attended the 1965 congress 
in Frankfurt, Germany, Miss Quinn said. 

Dr. Mussallem will travel to ICN head 
quarters in Geneva, Switzerland in February 
1968 to discuss the program of the 1969 
congress with the ICN permanent executive 
and the board of directors. 

Vicrorine Leclair has been awarded the 
Marjorie Hiscott Keyes White Cross Medal 
given this year by the Canadian Mental 
Health Association to "the psychiatric nurse 
in Quebec who most nearly approaches the 
ideal through demonstration of interest, un 
derstanding and warmth of personality in 



daily contact with the mentally ill." 

Miss Leclair received her basic and psy 
chiatric nursing training at 1 Hopital Saint- 
Jean-de-Dieu in Gamelin, Quebec. She stu 
died psychiatric nursing, teaching, and ad 
ministration in Washington, D.C. from 
1953-54 on a Gilchrist Scholarship, and re 
ceived her Bachelor of Science in Nursing 
Education at 1 Institut Marguerite d You- 
ville, Montreal, in 1962. 

Miss Leclair has nursed in Drummond- 
vill, Chicago, Washington, and Montreal. 
She has taught at 1 Hopital Saint-Jean-de- 
Dieu and 1 Institut Marguerite d Youville 
and is now teaching at the Maisonneuve 
Hospital. 

Helene M. Lament 

recently retired after 
18 years as director of 
nursing of the Royal 
Victoria Hospital, 
Montreal. 

A graduate of the 
Royal Victoria Hospi 
tal, Miss Lament ob 
tained a B.N. degree 
from McGill University in 1949. She held 
the positions of operating room head nurse, 
supervisor of out-patient department, and 
medical supervisor, before attaining her 
present post in 1949. 

Twice winner of the Royal Victoria Hos 
pital scholarship for advanced study, Miss 
DECEMBER 1967 




Lamont also has been active in the Asso 
ciation of Nurses of the Province of Que 
bec, acting as vice-president and president 
of the association. 

Dorothy M. Percy has received the first 
Doctor of Nursing degree awarded by the 
University of Ottawa. The honorary degree 
was conferred by Mme Georges P. Vanier, 
chancellor of the university, at the fall 
convocation. 

In presenting Miss Percy for the degree 
of Doctor of Nursing, honoris causa, Sister 
Franchise Robert said, "Dorothy May 
Percy achieves this high distinction not 
only because of her great personal attain 
ments and contributions to the develop 
ment of this calling, but because, in the 
eyes of her peers and of the University, 
she embodies that tradition of vigorous 
and progressive perseverence that for 
almost 330 years has kept Canada in the 
vanguard of nursing leadership. 

"Canada s place at the forefront of the 
profession is due in large measure to 
Dorothy Percy personally, and to others 
of her stature. During 43 years of devoted 
practice she has served as head nurse in 
two major hospitals, helped direct a major 
nursing order, lectured at university, risen 
to the rank of Matron in war service, 
occupied positions of great influence in 
the public service, and represented the 
country at nursing congresses abroad. 
Today a rich harvest of love and affection 
surrounds a woman whose every heartbeat 
has been of compassion, concern, and 
dedication." 

Ruth E. McClure, director of the Univer 
sity of Alberta School of Nursing, Edmon 
ton, has announced several new appoint 
ments to the faculty. Mavis K. Chittick, 

formerly supervisor of Rockyview Hospital, 
Calgary, has been named assistant professor. 




Dorothy M . Percy, just before receiving an honorary Doctorate in Nursing 
the University s first -- from University of Ottawa. With Miss Percy (left) are 
Madame Georges P. Vanier, Chancellor of the University; Rev. Dr. Roger 
Guindon, OMl, Rector; and Mr. J. Alphonse Ouimet. Mr. Ouimet also received 
an honorary doctorate in social sciences at the University s fall convocation. 



Since receiving a Master of Nursing degree 
in 1957 from the Yale University School of 
Nursing, Miss Chittick has taught at the 
Calgary General Hospital School of Nursing 
and at the McGill University School for 
Graduate Nurses. 

Barbara J. Dobbie, Evangeline Vinge, and 
Irene M. Bell have been appointed as lec 
turers. Miss Dobbie, who will lecture on 
maternal and child health, received a diplo 
ma in maternal and child health teaching 
and supervision from the McGill University 
School for Graduate Nurses. She formerly 
taught pediatrics at the Calgary General 
Hospital and the Royal Alexandra Hospital, 
Edmonton. Miss Vinge received a Bachelor 
of Science in Nursing from the University 
of British Columbia in 1962. She has since 



worked for the Victorian Order of Nurses 
in Port Arthur and Montreal and for the 
Edmonton Board of Health. Miss Bell work 
ed for four years as a clinical instructor 
and as a basic sciences instructor at the 
University of Alberta Hospital. She has also 
been employed by Simpsons-Sears in Calga 
ry as an industrial nurse. 

On October 29, eight Canadian nurses 
flew to India to begin two years nursing 
service abroad. They are being sponsored 
by Canadian University Service Overseas, 
a private but government-assisted organiz 
ation founded in 1961 that now fields 860 
professionals and university graduates in 
40 developing countries in Africa, Asia, 
Latin America, and the Caribbean. 

After undergoing an intensive orientation 
program in Delhi, the nurses were assigned 
this month to family planning centers and 
schools of nursing in northern India. They 
are employed and paid by the Indian 
government. 

The girls represent a cross section of 
the provinces. Margaret Ann Cockman and 
Maria Holubowsky are 1966 graduates of 
St. Michael s School of Nursing, Toronto. 
Karol Johnson is a 1966 graduate and 
Dorothy Friesen is a 1967 graduate of 
Vancouver General Hospital School of 
Nursing. Hazel Grant graduated this year 
from the Children s Hospital School of 
Nursing in Halifax. Judith Friend is a 
1966 graduate of Kitchener-Waterloo 
School of Nursing. Carol Preeee, a 1964 
graduate of St. Michael s School of Nursing, 
Lethbridge, Alberta, has had one year of 
obstetrical and two years of pediatric 
experience. After graduating in 1962 from 
St. Joseph s Hospital School of Nursing, 
Eight CUSO nurses en route for two-year assignments in India. Left to right: Hamilton, Ontario, Alice Mader worked in 
Dorothy Friesen, Judith Friend, Carol Preeee, Karol Johnson, Alice Mader, neurosurgery at the Boston New England 
Maria Holubowsky, Hazel Grant, and Margaret Cockman. Medical Center. 

DECEMBER 1967 THE CANADIAN NURSE 19 




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dates 



December 4-6, 1967 

First Canadian Conference on Hospi 
tal-Medical Staff Relations, sponsored 
jointly by the Canadian Medical As 
sociation, Canadian Hospital Asso 
ciation, Canadian Nurses Association, 
Seigniory Club, Montebello, Quebec. 

December 7-8, 1967 

Surgical Ward Nursing course, Christ 
mas Seal Auditorium, I Oth Ave. and 
Willow St., Vancouver 9. Fee $20. To 
inquire about late registration write: 
Department of Continuing Medical 
Education, The University of British 
Columbia, Vancouver 8; or phone 
228-3250. 

January 18-20, 1968 

Royal College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Canada, annual meeting, 
Royal York Hotel, Toronto. For inform 
ation write: 74 Stanley Ave., Ottawa. 

February 11-16, 1968 

Institute for Intensive Care Nurses, 
Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, Bur 
lington, Ont. For further information 
write: Miss B. Davidson, Director of 
Nursing, Joseph Brant Memorial Hos 
pital, Burlington, Ont. 

February 18-22, 1968 

Association of Operating Room 
Nurses, 1 5th annual national con 
gress. War Memorial Auditorium, 
Boston, Mass. For further information 
write: AORN National Headquarters, 
575 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y., 
10022. 

May, 1968 

Ontario Hospital, Kingston, Nurses 
Alumnae 1 968 Reunion. All interested 
graduates please write Miss Marie 
Peters, Ontario Hospital, Kingston. 

May 6-10, 1968 

Ontario Medical Association, annual 
meeting, Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 
For information write: Dr. Glenn 
Sawyer, General Secretary, Ontario 
Medical Association, 244 St. George 
St., Toronto 5. 

May 13-16, 1968 

Canadian Public Health Association, 
annual meeting, Hotel Vancouver, 
Vancouver, B.C. 

May 13-17, 1968 

St. Boniface General Hospital, St. 
Boniface, Manitoba, class of 1 933 
reunion. For further particulars con 
tact Mrs. Mary (Louder) Isbell, Nursing 



20 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Service, St. Boniface General Hospital, 
St. Boniface 6, Manitoba. 

May 13-17, 1968 

American Nurses Association, bien 
nial convention, Memorial Colosseum, 
Dallas, Texas. 

June 2-24, 1968 

The seventh annual residential sum 
mer course on alcohol and addiction, 
co-sponsored by Laurentian University 
and the Addiction Research Founda 
tion. Admissions controlled to ensure 
balanced representation from all pro 
fessional levels. Enrolment limited to 
80. Location: Laurentian University, 
Sudbury, Ontario. For information 
write: Summer Course director, Educa 
tion Division, Addiction Research Foun 
dation, 344 Bloor Street, W., Toronto 
4, Ontario. 

June 17-20, 1968 

Canadian Conference on Social Wel 
fare, Skyline Hotel, Ottawa. 

June 17-21, 1968 

Canadian Medical Association, lOlst 
annual meeting, Saskatchewan Hotel, 
Regina, Sask. For information write: 
Dr. A.F.W. Peart, General Secretary, 
CMA, 1 50 St. George St., Toronto 5, 
Ont. 

June 20-22, 1968 

Canadian Psychiatric Association, 1 8th 
annual meeting, Regina, Sask. For 
information write: Dr. W.A. Blair, 
Secretary, CPA, Suite 103, 225 Lisgar 
St., Ottawa 4. 

July 8-12, 1968 

Canadian Nurses Association General 
Meeting to be held in the Saskatoon 
Centennial Auditorium, Saskatoon, 
Saskatchewan. 

August 12-17, 1968 

7th International Congress on Mental 
Health, London, England. For informa 
tion write: World Federation for 
Mental Health, Regional U.S. Office, 
Suite 71 6, 124 E. 28th St., New York, 
N.Y., 10016. 

August 25-31, 1968 

5th International Congress of Physical 
Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hotel, 
Montreal, Quebec. Fee: $40 for para 
medical personnel. For information, 
write: Dr. Bernard Talbot, Secretary 
General, 5th International Congress 
of Physical Medicine, 6300 Darling 
ton Ave., Montreal, Quebec. 

DECEMBER 1967 




Because S.-I.VTE.V diapers are n 



Using this newest 
diapering technique 
is like having 
extra help 
in the nursery 



more absorbent than cloth, fewer changes are necessary. 

More and more hospitals are discovering that the use of 
SANEEN Flush-a-byes disposable diapers has improved 
their diapering technique. 

Efficiency Because SANEEN diapers are several times 
more absorbent than cloth, fewer diaper and bedding 
changes are necessary. Nursing time is saved as SANEEN 
diapers are pre-packed, pre-folded, ready for use at the 
bassinet. They take less storage space. And laundry 
loads are reduced. 

Reduced Costs Because SANEEN diapers save on 
laundry, they are comparable in cost to cloth diapers. 

Hygiene SANEEN diapers are free of pathogenic 
organisms need not be autoclaved. Used only once, 
they eliminate a major source of cross-infection. 

Comfort SANEEN diapers are exceptionally soft and 
specially designed to provide a snug fit, thus preventing 
seepage. Their high absorbency keeps moisture away 
from the baby s skin, allowing the skin to breathe 
comfortably. Also, diaper rash from harsh laundry 
additives is eliminated, ludge f or yourself . 

Write us and we will have a representative analyse your 
requirements and arrange a trial supply for your hospital. 

Use these other fine Saneen Products to complete your 
disposable program: PERI-WIPES, CELLULOSE WIPES, SWABS, BED 

PAN DRAPES, MEDICAL TOWELS, EXAMINATION SHEETS AND GOWNS. 




aneen 



DECEMBER 1967 



comfort safety convenience 

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A / 

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THE CANADIAN NURSE 21 



new products { 



Descriptions are based on information 
supplied by the manufacturer and are 
provided only as a service to readers. 



Nefrolan 

(POULENC) 

Description An oral diuretic and anti- 
hypertensive prescribed for edema of varied 
etiology, cardiac failure, or hypertension. 
Nefrolan is available in tablets of 10 and 
25 mg. 

Dosage Dosage, frenquency, and dura 
tion of administration must be adjusted 
according to patients needs. Adults: For 
edemas or cardiac failure, 25 to 50 mg. 
daily on alternate days or on 3 consecutive 
days per week; in rare cases, daily dosage 
may reach 100 mg. Maintenance doses of 
10, 20, or 25 mg. daily may be adequate. 
For hepatic cirrhosis, 25 to 75 mg. daily 
for three to four days, occasionally increased 
to 100 mg. A potassium supplement should 
always be given. For hypertension, 10 mg. 
daily should be tried initially and the dose 
increased to 20 mg. if the response is in 
adequate. 

As Nefrolan may cause potassium deple 
tion, daily ingestion of fruits rich in potas 
sium is suggested. Patients treated with 
Nefrolan for more than two to three weeks 
should be subjected to frequent monitoring 
of serum potassium, chloride, and bicarbon 
ate levels. Supplements of potassium should 
be given when indicated. 

Spironolactone may be associated with 
Nefrolan when the urinary output of sodium 
chloride is low and there is reason to sus 
pect aldosteronism. 

Contraindications In general, the same 
as for thiazide diuretics; also contraindicated 
in adrenal insufficiency, renal impairment, 
and severe hepatic disease. 

Side actions Anorexia, particularly in 
ambulant patients, and nausea are frequent 
side effects. As diuretic doses, a few cases 
of urticaiia have been reported. Nefrolan 
may cause a lowered serum potassium and, 
in rare instances, a hypochloremic and hypo- 
kalemic alkalosis proceeding to tetany. The 
drug may increase blood uric acid and pre 
cipitate an attack of gout in predisposed pa 
tients. The loss of body fluid may cause 
thirst, frequency of micturition, constipation, 
and dryness of the lips. 

Precautions In heart disease, a low 
ered blood potassium increases the sensi 
tivity of the myocardium to digitalis. If 
the urinary output is insufficient, treatment 
should be discontinued. Nefrolan should be 
used with caution for patients predisposed 
to gout. It should not be administered to 
children or to women during the first tri 
mester of pregnancy. 

For further information write: Poulenc 
Limited, 8580 Esplanade, Montreal 11. 

22 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Mammary Prosthesis 

(DOW CORNING SILICONES) 

Description A medical-grade silicone 
elastomer prosthesis for use following sub 
cutaneous mastectomy. This prosthesis is 
larger than standard, to compensate for the 
tissue removed in subcutaneous mastectomy. 
The greater size is achieved by increased 
quantity of silicone gel, while the size of the 
envelope does not differ from that of the 
standard size. 

The prosthesis consists of a silicone elas 
tomer envelope containing a translucent sili 
cone gel that closely approximates the soft 
ness, fluid-like mobility, and weight of the 
normal breast. The specific gravity of sili 
cone gel is .98 while that of breast tissue 
is approximately .94. 

The prosthesis retains initial softness while 
resisting absorption or degeneration, and is 
inert and essentially nonreactive to body 
tissue. 

Four dacron net patches on the back of 
the prosthesis permit tissue fixation to 
chest wall. Inverted circumferential seam 
construction minimizes edge palpability. 

The Silastic mammary prosthesis is sup 
plied clean and ready-to-sterilize with indi 
vidual plastic templates designed to serve as 
guides in dissection. Extra-fill mammary 
prostheses are available in large, medium 
and small sizes through Down Bros., Mayer 
& Phelps, and The Stevens Companies 
across Canada. 

Further information may be obtained 
from Dow Corning Silicones Ltd., 1 Tippet 
Rd., Downsview P.O., Metropolitan Toron 
to, Ont. 



Duo-Medihaler 

(RIKER) 

Description An aerosol combination 
that provides symptomatic relief of dyspnea 
resulting from bronchospasm and/or con 
gestion and edema of the respiratory mu- 
cosa. It is an aerosol combination of 4.0 
mg. of isoproterenol hydrochloride and 6.0 
mg. of phenylephrine bitartrate in an inert 
mixture of sorbitan trioleate, cetylpyridinium 
chloride, and fluorochlorohydrocarbons as 
propellants. 

Indications Dyspnea, resulting from 
bronchospasm, congestion of the respiratory 
mucosa, and edema frequently encountered 
in acute bronchial asthma and other allergic 
states, and chronic bronchial asthma. 

Dosage Only one or two inhalations 
are usually required. Allow at least two 



minutes to elapse between inhalations. The 
least number of inhalations that produce 
relief should be used on subsequent oc 
casions. 

Contraindications Duo-Medihaler 
should be used with great care in the 
presence of cardiac diseases, diabetes mel- 
litus, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and 
tuberculosis. 

Side effects Overdosage with isopro 
terenol may produce palpitation, tachycardia, 
and tremulousness, while overdosage with 
phenylephrine may produce cardiac irregular 
ities, central nervous system disturbances, 
and reflex bradycardia. 

For further information write: Riker Phar 
maceutical Co. Ltd., 3214 Wharton Way, 
Cooksville, Ontario. 



ProSobee 

(MEAD JOHNSON) 

Description A concentrated liquid 
milk substitute made from water, sugar, 
soy protein isolate, corn syrup solids and 
added vitamins and minerals. Each 100 cc. 
supplies 135 calories; each fluid ounce 
supplies 40 calories. 

Indications ProSobee may be used as 
a formula for infants allergic to milk, and 
infants with galactosemia; as a milk sub 
stitute for children and adults with an al 
lergy or poor tolerance to milk; as a diag 
nostic test food when milk allergy is sus 
pected. 

Administration Feedings for infants 
In the home: Feed as 20 cal./fl.oz. form 
ula in sufficient quantity to satisfy the hun 
ger and nutritional needs of the infant. 
ProSobee concentrated liquid is diluted with 
equal amounts of water. In the hospital: 
ProSobee feedings may be used as a 20 cal./ 
fl.oz. formula, or, if more dilute feedings 
are desired, they may be prepared as fol 
lows: 1 part ProSobee to 2 parts water (13 
cal./fl.oz.) 1 part ProSobee to 11/2 parts 
water (16 cal./fl.oz.). Either terminal heat 
ing or an aseptic method of formula prepar 
ation may be used in preparing ProSobee 
feedings for infants. 

Milk substitute for children and adults 
ProSobee may be used to replace milk as 
a beverage or in cooking. Two parts Pro 
Sobee concentrated liquid is added to one 
part water. 

Precaution Prepared formula should 
be refrigerated and used same day or next. 

For further information write: Mead 
Johnson Laboratories, 111 St. Clair Ave., 
W., Toronto 7, Ontario. 

DECEMBER 1967 



Save hours of your time i-^ i i 
by replacing the enema with... LJ UlLUldA 






Suppositories 




Even modern enema equipment is cumbersome and time- 
consuming to assemble. Irrigation poles, bags, tubing, 
bedpans all must be drawn from Central Supply, in 
spected and brought to the bedside. It cuts into your valu 
able morning time and becomes a real burden when you 
have several patients needing enemas. 

And, more often than not, your patients are distressed at 
the prospect of discomfort and loss of dignity especially 
the elderly, the seriously ill, or postpartum and post- 
surgical patients. 



Dulcolax Suppositories offer a sure, simple way to elimi 
nate the enema routine. One small suppository is inserted 
in seconds. You like the simplicity and convenience- 
patients are grateful to be spared the ordeal of an enema. 

Dulcolax Suppositories usually act in 15 minutes to 1 hour, 
so you can time evacuations and reduce accidents. You 
can finish the whole ward in less time, with less effort, 
less soiled linen. 



Dulcolax 



(brand of bisacodyl) 

Dulcolax Suppositories 10 mg 
Dulcolax Suppositories for Children 5 mg 
Dulcolax Tablets 5 mg 
DECEMBER 1967 



Boehringer Ingelheim Products 

Division of Geigy (Canada) Limited, Montreal 




B-5H3-65 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 23 



in a capsule 



Champagne corks injure amateurs 

A British medical journal, the Lancet, 
recently reported an interesting physiolo 
gical development that has sociological im 
plications. In the past four years, eight 
cases of eye injury caused by champagne 
corks have been treated in one London 
hospital. This appears to be a modern 
malady, as a search of hospital records 
revealed only one other such case, in 1936. 

Lancet advances two theories for the 
rising incidence of this ailment. The first 
is the amount of champagne being consum 
ed. In 1957, 2,950,291 bottles were pur 
chased and in 1965, more than 5,181,000 
were bought. The second has more profound 
sociological import. English butlers, the 
traditional openers of champagne bottles, 
are virtually extinct. One London head- 
waiter reports that in 47 years of service, 
witnessing an average of 150 champagne 
bottles being opened in a day, he never 
heard of one eye being bopped by a cork. 

Foersoeksd-Jurisombudsman ? 

Medical experimenters in Sweden who 
use animals as their subjects may be forced 
to use the blackmarket in future if a mil 
itant animal lover group is granted its 
demands. Not content with their ombuds 
man who defends citizens against encroach 
ments on their rights by government and 
law, they have requested from the minis 
ter of justice in Stockholm an animal om 
budsman to punish those who lure or 
steal domestic animals to sell to institutions 
for medical experiments. - - The Ottawa 
Citizen (AP) Sept. 19, 1967. 

Spray away 

Does it sometimes seem that everything 
enjoyable or useful is automatically harm 
ful too? In an obvious attempt to place 
hair spray in that category, Drs. Om P. 
Sharma and M. Henry Williams, Jr., of the 
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New 
York, conducted pulmonary function stu 
dies on 62 beauty-salon employees who had 
worked for more than two years. 

Well, you can spray away with a clear 
conscience. Inhalation of hair spray is ap 
parently harmless and causes neither lung 
disease nor other damage to the lungs. Al 
though certain investigators have proposed 
that a type of pulmonary disease, known as 
thesaurosis, is caused by hair sprays, the 
present study revealed no radiologic evi 
dence of this condition in any of the 
beauty operators. No abnormality of pulmo 
nary function was found. 

Of course the pressurized cans are still 

24 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



explosive when placed near heat and the 
spray itself is harmful to the eyes. Ap 
plied Therapeutics, July, 1967. 

I get fever 

Is there a medical reason for teenage 
girls falling unconscious during a perform 
ance of their favorite hit tunes? The Max 
Planck Institute for Brain Research in Goet- 
tingen, Germany, suggests that the answer 
may be "yes." They have found that the 
pounding rhythms of modern pop music 
can cause mental stress that unnaturally in 
fluences heartbeat, precipitates increased se 
cretion of adrenalin, and, in extreme cases, 
leads to collapse of the circulatory system. 
German Features, III: 37, Sept. 22. 



A hiccup remedy that works 

No more will doctors have to prescribe 
hiccup remedies such as swallowing ice, 
holding the tongue and pressing on the eye 
balls. 

The Journal of the American Medical As 
sociation reports an almost foolproof cure 
called pharyngeal stimulation. A flexible 
tube inserted into a nostril stimulates nerves 
in the pharynx by jerky, back-and-forth 
movements of the tubing. 

The process worked in 84 of 85 cases, 
report three physicians at the University of 
Chicago School of Medicine and a fourth 
colleague from the faculty of medicine at 
Cairo University, United Arab Republic. 




You ve developed a rare fungus - - found mostly on flowers" 



DECEMBER 1967 



When you specify Sterilon irrigation trays... 
you get a choice of piston or bulb syringe 

DN S #215 Irrigation Tray is equipped cover, a protective sheath that serves as a < 



STERILON S #215 Irrigation Tray is equipped 
with a piston syringe; the #216 comes with a bulb 
syringe. You decide which is most applicable to 
your preferred technique. But the convenience 
of choice is only one of the features that make 
Sterilon irrigation trays among the finest. In 
addition to either the bulb or piston syringe, 
each unit contains a waterproof underpad, a 
rigid 1200 cc high clarity polypropylene drainage 
tray, a 500 cc graduated solutions container and 



cover, a protective sheath that serves as a drain 
age tube connector cover, and an antiseptic 
towelette. In short, everything is where you 
need it when you need it. 
Since all the components are completely 
disposable, you never have to clean up after 
you use them. In addition, cross-infection or 
contamination is virtually eliminated. Specify 
the #215 or #216 from Sterilon . . . you ll specify 
the finest. 




STERILON CORPORATION/ A subsidiary of The Gillette Company, 1505 Washington St., Braintree, Mass. 02184 
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As with all sterile disposable items, the packaging should always 
be checked. If the packaging is damaged or the seal is broken, 
the product should not be considered sterile. 



Cat. No. 215 with piston syringe 
Cat. No. 216 with bulb syringe 




When the 
callisfor"Stat." 
diagnostic findings 

. . . you can rely on AMES tests for immediate 
results in which you can have the utmost 
confidence. For example: 



LABSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide the broadest urine 
screening possible from a single reagent strip test; you get 
5 basic uro-analytical facts in 30 seconds pH; protein; 
glucose; ketones (acetone and acetoacetic acid), and occult 
blood. The new firm, clear, plastic reagent strip permits 
precise, reproducible readings in all 5 diagnostic areas. 

DEXTROSTIX* Reagent Strips: provide a blood glucose 
determination in just 60 seconds with only one drop of 
capillary blood. DEXTROSTIX is invaluable in diabetic 
screening and management, and in emergency situations 
such as differential diagnosis of diabetic coma. This 
"true-glucose" method is also useful in a variety of clinical 
situations where rapid and accurate blood glucose 
estimations are needed. 

CLINITEST* Reagent Tablets provide a quick, reliable, 
quantitative estimate of urine sugar. Testing with 
CLINITEST has special significance for the hard-to-control 
diabetic, the newly diagnosed patient, or in diabetes when 
insulin, other medication or diet is being adjusted. 

Reliable Reproducible Results 

AMES tests are easy to perform and require no elaborate 
laboratory apparatus. They are designed to provide depend 
able clues to abnormal conditions when rapid findings are 
necessary. Reagents employed in each strip are precisely 
controlled to provide uniformity in composition. Accurate, 
reliable reproducible readings are thus assured. Ready inter 
pretation of results is permitted through the precise matching 
of colour changes observed after testing, with colour charts 
provided for each determination. AMES diagnostic aids save 
time, money and space. Moreover they prove of material 
assistance to physicians by helping to recognize patients 
who need immediate care, further study, or more extensive 
diagnostic procedures. 



Ames Company of Canada, Ltd. 
Rexdale, Ontario. 

^Registered Trademarks 



26 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



EDITORIAL 



That s what we want for Christmas! 



A red-jacketed, rotund gentleman 
poked his head into our office the 
other day and asked a rather startling 
question: "What do Canadian nurses 
want for Christmas this year?" 

Taken aback by this unexpected 
visitor and his inquiry, we hesitated 
before replying altruistically that for 
nurses the true spirit of Christmas 
lies in the giving of one s self, not in 
the receiving of material goods. 

"Quite so," he replied. "And nurses 
exemplify this Christmas spirit -- all 
year, not just at Christmas in their 
service to the sick. But this year," 
he explained, and we noticed a twinkle 
in his eye, "I d like to know what 
they want for Christmas. I m not 
offering material gifts," he added. "I 
want to know what issues or problems 
in health care nurses would like to 
have solved." 

Now this was, indeed, a big order. 
It is extremely difficult to speak for 
all the nurses of Canada, as we ex 
plained to our visitor. However, we 
promised him we d do our best and 
would prepare a list of issues that we 
believed were of concern to all nurses, 
offering our opinion of how they 
should be resolved. 

By the time our whiskered friend re 
turned from tethering his animals ("A 
very difficul roof to attach animals to!" 
he complained), the list was ready. We 
read it to him. 

Increased admissions to basic 
schools of nursing. Although the abso 
lute numbers of persons entering basic 
diploma and baccalaureate programs 
have increased over the years, the in 
creases have not kept up with popula 
tion growth. A new approach to re 
cruitment is needed for today s young 
person, who often selects his career 
well in advance of high school gradua 
tion. Recruitment programs can be ef 
fected best by the coordinated efforts 
of nurses associations at the provincial 
and local levels, together with provin- 

DECEMBER 1967 



cial governments and schools of nurs 
ing themselves. 

Entiecement based only on the ser 
vice and reward aspects of nursing no 
longer will convince high school stu 
dents to select it as a career, A score of 
other professions offer the same satis 
factions, but with more pay and better 
working conditions. To encourage stu 
dents to enter nursing and to keep 
them in nursing after graduation - 
employing agencies must be prepared 
to offer competitive salaries and attrac 
tive personnel policies and working 
conditions. 

More schools of nursing set up in 
educational institutions. A growing 
number of high school graduates are 
being attracted to nursing programs 
offered in settings other than the hospi 
tal. Hospital administrators and offi 
cials of hospital associations blame 
nurse leaders, in part, for this trend. 
The real reason lies in young persons 
themselves, who are products of a so 
ciety that is putting increasing empha 
sis on education. Young people today 
believe they have a right to a truly 
liberal education in a setting where 
they have a fair degree of personal 
freedom and an opportunity to mingle 
with persons studying programs other 
than nursing. 

Hospital schools of nursing cannot 
disappear overnight. An orderly trans 
ition of programs from hospital to ed 
ucational institution (whether it be uni 
versity, community college, or techni 
cal institution) is what nursing leaders 
are asking. But this "orderly transition" 
should not require another half century. 

The return of 22,000 registered, 
inactive nurses to nursing. Many in 
active nurses are married women with 
children. To attract them back into 
nursing, child-care centers must be set 
up, either by independent groups, gov 
ernment-sponsored bodies, or employ 
ing agencies; part-time work, which 
employers must learn to accept as be 



ing essential to quality patient care, 
should be available; salaries and in 
come tax laws must be fair; refresher 
courses, sponsored by provincial and 
local nurses associations in coopera 
tion with government and employing 
bodies, should be offered. 

Improved nursing care. The recipe 
for quality care for each patient re 
quires: one mature, intelligent staff 
nurse, dedicated to her patient s wel 
fare; one supervisor or head nurse who 
has taken additional preparation in 
mangement techniques and who recog 
nizes the staff nurse s right to develop 
as a person and as a professional; one 
doctor who sees the staff nurse as 
a colleague and a specialist in her field, 
and who believes that the best type of 
patient care is given when colleagues 
collaborate; one administrator who rea 
lizes that nurses can concentrate best 
on patient care when the employing 
agency has up-to-date policies and 
working conditions as well as monetary 
rewards that recognize service; and 
one agency or institution whose facili 
ties and policies allow nurses to nurse. 

These ingredients, blended together 
and seasoned liberally with the respect 
of one discipline for the other, will re 
sult in improved patient care. 

Changes in laws involving social 
problems that nurses cannot ignore. 
Thirty thousand illegal abortions are 
reported to be carried out in this coun 
try yearly. Overtly, our population is 
saying one thing and, covertly, it is 
doing another. Changes proposed re 
cently will do little to reduce the num 
ber of illegal abortions; women will 
continue to have their pregnancies ter 
minated illegally at great risk to their 
lives. Also, change in a law that prohi 
bits the advertising and dissemination 
of contraceptive information is needed 
urgently. To use a cliche, "an ounce of 
prevention is worth a pound of cure." 

That s what we want for Christmas. 

V.A.L. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 27 



Accompanying the two regiments of Canadian troops dispatched to Hong Kong 
in October, 1941, were two R.C.A.M.C. female personnel, Nursing Sisters Maye 
Waters of Winnipeg and Kay Christie of Toronto. Now, 25 years later, the author 
recalls some of the highlights of 21 months behind the barbed wire with 
special thoughts about one memorable dinner. 



M. & V. for Christmas Dinner 



Kathleen G. Christie 



That was Christmas, 1942, yet now 
in 1967 it is so easy to recall that rare 
but glorious feeling of having had 
enough to eat at one meal, even though 
the main course had been M. & V. a 
whole tin of it, thanks to the arrival of 
Red Cross food supplies one month 
before. For the uninitiated, M. & V. 
stands for meat and vegetables in stew 
form. Ask anyone who saw service 
overseas about it, but don t expect 
them to share my enthusiasm. 



It all began on December 8th, 1941, 
three weeks after our arrival in Hong 
Kong, when the Japanese forces laun 
ched their attack on the Colony and 
within a week after the bombing, began 
shelling as well. Our British Military 
Hospital, located on Bowen Road 
about midway up the Peak, came in 
for its share of direct hits, which ne 
cessitated evacuation of the two top 
floors. All patients, including battle 
casualties, had to be accommodated in 




28 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



the ground floor wards. We were 
forced to move from our comfortable 
residence to the shelters under the hos 
pital where all hospital personnel slept 
on rows of narrow shelves. 

On Christmas eve, Maye and I were 
posted to night duty; I was on the 
large admitting ward while she covered 
a number of smaller wards. We d all 
heard what had taken place in outlying 
hospitals as those areas were captured 
and each time footsteps approached 
the darkened ward we d wonder "Is 
this it?" 

Sometime during that endless night I 
noticed the orderly, a member of the 
British Army, cleaning out the instru 
ment sterilizer and filling it; then I 
saw the red light glowing to show that 
it was heating. My one thought was 
how nice it would be for the day staff 
to find this already done. Later, how 
ever, I saw a large pitcher being filled 
from the sterilizer; to my horror, the 
orderly then brought the pitcher and 
mugs to the desk and served tea to the 
V.A.D., himself, and me. There was no 
way out I had to drink it and it 
tasted surprisingly good! This was just 
the beginning of double duty for the 
ward sterilizers. 

After coming off duty in the morn 
ing we went to the shelters to try to 
sleep, which was akin to sleeping at a 
main intersection. In the afternoon we 
learned of the surrender a term that 
was difficult to accept, especially for 
all of us who had firmly believed the 
words of "Rule Britannia." 

The next day several Japanese offi 
cers arrived at the hospital entrance 
and ordered the British colonel to 
come out to them. The hospital and 
immediate environs were officially de 
clared Prisoner of War Camp "A" and 
within days the barbed wire fence 
warned us that we were not free to go 
beyond it. We were guarded constantly 
by Japanese soldiers who were never 
without their bayonets. They strolled 
through the hospital (including the 
wards taken over as dormitories for 
nurses and V.A.Ds.) at any hour and 
some liked to watch while dressings or 

Miss Christie, a graduate of Toronto 
Western Hospital School of Nursing, is med 
ical secretary for a neuropsychiatrist in 
Toronto, Ontario. 

DECEMBER 1967 



other procedures were done. 

During hostilities our white aprons 
and blue skirts had been replaced by 
slacks and the white organdy veils by 
helmets. In the ensuing months, as 
laundry facilities decreased, the white 
cuffs and then the white collars were 
shed. Our blue uniforms were launder 
ed when necessary and ironed with the 
only irons available, which were char 
coal-heated. 

As hospital stores of food and med 
ical supplies dwindled and could not 
be replenished, we began to feel the 
full impact of what had happened. 
Plaster casts became "high" but had 
to be left on longer than usual; at first 
these patients were moved out to the 
balcony but the Japanese authorities 
ordered them back inside. Dressings 
were changed every few days or week 
ly and in most cases the wounds healed 
surprisingly well on this method. Be 
fore long we were not only re-using 
bandages that normally would be dis 
carded, but were washing out and boil 
ing gauze dressings, then re-using 
them. Ingenuity and the ability to im 
provise, yet preserve some semblance 
of surgical technique, became a con 
stant challenge. Many times I said si 
lent but grateful thanks for the expe 
rience gained in my final year of train 
ing when I had had the good fortune 
to work for a month with a wise and 
kindly V.O.N. in her district in a poor 
area of Toronto during the depression 
years. 

As food became progressively 
scarce, the most unexpected changes 
occurred in many people, changes that 
persisted as long as hunger persisted. 
For example, while bread was still 
available, the patients on the ward be 
gan to protest that the slices were not 
of uniform thickness and they wanted 
a ruler used to ensure that all slices 
would be the same. They also ques 
tioned what was being done with the 
end crusts, which, I must admit, I had 
been slicing very thin, but had com 
mitted the unforgivable crime of eating 
them never dreaming this would be 
viewed as "snitching rations." 

To give extra nourishment to one 
particular patient I had to hide him 
behind an opened cupboard door while 
he guiltily, but ravenously, ate what 
ever I had been able to scrounge from 



any source; however, he still had to be 
assured that these extras were a form 
of required medication. On those rare 
occasions when some kind of juice ap 
peared I let each patient choose be 
tween "two ounces straight" or "four 
ounces watered down" - really a ma 
jor decision. 

As nurses, one of our greatest fru 
strations was in not having the nour 
ishing food, medication, and supplies 
that patients looked to us to provide. 
The patients one consolation was that 
we had no more than they. 

For five months, beginning in April, 
1942, we were permitted to send one 
card a month to a relative; the mes 
sage was restricted to 50 words - 
typewritten or printed, using block 
letters 1/4" high -- with no mention 
of food or military matters. Each time 
I used up precious words pleading for 
someone to pay my registration fees, 
remembering the ruling that more than 
one year s arrears meant rewriting 
R.N. examinations. 

On August 10, 1942, on Japanese 
orders and with practically no warn 
ing, all female personnel were removed 
from the various Service hospitals in 
Hong Kong and taken by truck with 
what luggage we could carry to a civi 
lian internment camp at Stanley, a 
peninsula on the opposite side of the 
Island that had been the scene of 
some of the most bitter fighting during 
the siege. This move meant that all 
patients were left without nursing care. 

Stanley consisted of a variety of 
buildings into which about 2,400 peo 
ple - - men, women and children - 
were herded, with space and privacy 
conspicuous by their absence. In our 
compound were the buildings compris 
ing a former Chinese boys school, St. 
Stephens, including bungalows for the 
staff and a two-and-one-half storey 
residence for the boys. This residence, 
under the new name of Block 10, be 
came our quarters. 

Service nursing personnel were 
shown preferential treatment we were 
told; only three were assigned to a 
room about nine by twelve feet. When 
shown to our room, it was something 
of a shock to find only four walls (two 
of them partitions), bare floor, and a 
window. Since we had no beds we 
slept on the floor until camp cots were 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 29 



obtained from "welfare" and our 
trunks arrived. I preferred the solid 
foundation of two trunks placed end 
to end with army biscuits for a mat 
tress, to sagging canvas cots. 

The men in our block, mainly form 
er Hong Kong police and public utili 
ties personnel, proved their gallantry 
by providing "furnishings." We were 
fortunate to get a small folding table, 
a large shelf for the wall (this originally 
had been a door on a lavatory cubicle, 
but one didn t look a gift horse in the 
mouth), a wide plank resting on ce 
ment blocks to form a window ledge, 
and a large enamel basin that served 
for all washing purposes. 

Internees prepared the meagre ra 
tions provided, each block making its 
own kitchen arrangements. We had a 
permanent kitchen team, whose mem 
bers were entitled to an extra half-ra 
tion, and they really performed mir 
acles in making the daily allowance go 
round. 

Outside the kitchen hung an old bell 
that regulated our lives. One bell meant 
that boiling water was available and 
the occupants of all the rooms came 
rushing to the kitchen with tea pots, 
jugs or thermos bottles. Two bells 
meant "chow," which was provided 
twice daily but consisted mainly of 
rice. Three bells meant the tiny rations 
of bread were ready. In 1 3 months one 
can become completely conditioned to 
and almost dependent upon such sig 
nals. 

All internees had to be within the 
compound from 8 P.M. to 8 A.M. and 
inside their own block, with lights out, 
at 10 P.M. A night trip to the wash 
room on the top floor meant groping 
along in the darkness except when a 
full moon lighted the way. 

Since the daily supply of water, 
which was cold, was limited, only the 
early birds got showers. On cold days, 
with no glass in the windows, the wind 
blew through the open cubicles spray 
ing the precious water off its course. 
Why did we subject ourselves to this? 
Primarily for cleansing, but also be 
cause it felt so good to get out of it. 
During the rainy season it was not un 
common to wade through several in 
ches of water on that washroom floor. 

Our unpleasant companions were 
the everpresent bed bugs, large flying 

30 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



cockroaches that zoomed in through 
open windows, and huge, ugly centi 
pedes that seemed to just drop from 
nowhere. 

In addition to the hunger problem 
we faced the problem of idleness and 
its effects. Each individual had to plan 
how to occupy the time, but there were 
many opportunities for those who 
wished to find them. Since the small 
hospital in camp was operated by ci 
vilian nurses, Service personnel did no 
nursing for eight months. Then we 
were asked to relieve the nursing staff 
on night duty and each pair of us 
worked six hours a night for a week at 
intervals of several months. 

Expert bridge players struggled va 
liantly with rank beginners of which 
I was one - - and this filled many 
hours each day. French-Canadian nuns 
and former teachers taught the school- 
aged internees and also conducted a 
variety of lectures for adults. I, in turn, 
coached an eight-year-old - - not, as 
my tutor pointed out, because I knew 
so much French, but because little 
Moira knew even less! 

A group of internees who formerly 
were members of a dramatic society 
presented excellent entertainment pe 
riodically for all internees, usually re 
quiring a three-night run to accommo 
date their appreciative audiences. On 
Sunday mornings communal church 
services were held in that same large 
hall when ministers of various religious 
denominations took turns conducting 
the services. One minister made a point 
of preaching on controversial subjects 
that he hoped would keep internees 
conversation on something other than 
food, which still was the prime topic. 

Softball teams were formed and, as 
a Canadian, I was expected to per 
form, usually as pitcher, catcher or 
shortstop, when my favorite position 
had been left field. Although our team 
didn t do well, I was rewarded by be 
ing allowed to play left field on an 
"All Star" team. 

Periodically, extra food would be 
available at a "shop," but prices were 
exorbitant and money was scarce. Had 
it not been for funds sent to Maye and 
me from the Canadian Officers Fund, 
our lives would have been extremely 
grim indeed. In November, 1942, we 
received our first and only Red Cross 



food parcels, together with limited bulk 
supplies of tea, sugar, tinned milk, 
margarine and M. & V. This really was 
a godsend and we knew it had to last 
for a long time. 

It was almost a year before permis 
sion was given to resume sending cards 
home and just about this time I recei 
ved my first mail since arriving in 
Hong Kong 18 months before. These 
few letters had been en route for more 
than a year and consequently brought 
no recent news. On July 1st, 1943, at 
a concert especially for Canadians, all 
internees, for the first time since the 
surrender, were allowed to sing the 
National Anthem which, needless to 
say, has seldom been sung with such 
enthusiasm and feeling. 

To counteract the negative features 
there was beautiful scenery to enjoy. 
A cemetery dating back to 1841, lo 
cated up the side of a hill, provided the 
maximum in privacy and tranquility 
where one could sit on the large tomb 
stones under the trees and gaze out 
over the sea that was dotted with tiny 
islands. There were also many friend 
ships formed in those difficult days 
which not only have lasted but have 
become more firmly cemented as the 
years go by. 

Rumors, usually of our imminent re 
lease by some means, abounded. As 
dates came and went, but we remained, 
we soon accepted each new rumor as a 
nice thought but nothing more. Thus it 
was one afternoon in late July, 1943, 
that I went on to play and make my first 
grand slam in bridge while someone 
earnestly related the latest rumor, 
namely, that we would be repatriated 
in September. However, this rumor 
differed in that it became fact. On Sep 
tember 23rd all Canadians in Stanley 
Camp boarded a repatriation ship to 
join the remaining American and Ca 
nadian civilians in the Far East on the 
first leg of a 10-week sea voyage 
back to freedom and home, with new 
appreciation of a way of life previous 
ly taken for granted. O 



DECEMBER 1967 



The critical shortage of nurse personnel is causing nursing leaders to take a serious 
look at new ways of approaching recruitment. The author analyzes recent studies 
on the subject and makes suggestions for improving recruitment programs. 




Considerations 

for nurse recruitment 



Shirley R. Good, Ed. D. 

It may be assumed that every nurse 
in Canada is aware of the shortage of 
nurse personnel. Not many need con 
cern themselves with why this im 
balance has come about or how it can 
be corrected; but some nurses must do 
so. Within the context of Canadian 
health and education laws, it is the 
nursing profession in each province 
that will have to act to increase num 
bers of nursing personnel if the pro 
fession is to discharge its obligations 
to the people of Canada. 

That the shortage of nurses is be 
coming more acute cannot be denied. 
Well-documented studies on nursing 
education and nurse populations in 
Canada in the past few years show that 
if present trends continue, neither the 
quality nor quantity of nurses will be 
sufficient to meet future needs. 

Intensive recruitment campaign needed 

Action to alleviate these precarious 
situations must include deliberate, in 
tensive recruitment. Two major factors 
are involved: the first is that each pro 
vincial association, through its na 
tional association, has assumed respon 
sibility for the direction of the profes 
sion; the second is that education is a 
provincial concern. 

The provincial nurses associations 
are, therefore, the bodies that should 
assume an increased responsibility for 
large student enrollments in both the 
diploma and baccalaureate nurse edu 
cation programs. At the same time, 
schools must continue their recruiting 



procedures; university schools, in par 
ticular, must engage actively in the 
recruitment of qualified entrants to the 
baccalaureate program, who will be 
educated for progression to graduate 
studies and subsequent positions as 
teachers, administrators, researchers, 
and clinical specialists. 

A valuable tool in activating well- 
formulated recruitment programs is the 
study prepared by Dr. R.A.H. Robson 
for the 1964 Royal Commission on 
Health Services and published in 1967 
as Sociological Factors Affecting Re 
cruitment into the Nursing Profession. 1 

Among his findings, Robson reports 
that about 60 percent of all girls who 
consider nursing do so before the age 
of 13 (before completing grade VI), 
and are most often from the urban up 
per class in the Atlantic provinces, the 
prairie provinces, and British Colum 
bia. Yet, this group has little informa 
tion about nursing, which probably ac 
counts for the fact that only four out of 
ten will choose nursing as a career 
goal. 

In the group of girls classed as late 
choosers of nursing as a career (post 
grade VI), Robson noted that 40 per 
cent of all girls consider nursing at one 
time or another after the age of 13. 
This group is more likely to be from 

Dr. Good, a graduate of Women s College 
Hospital. Drury College in Missouri, and 
Teachers College, Columbia University, is 
Nursing Consultant, Higher Education. Can 
adian Nurses Association, Ottawa. Ontario. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 31 



blue collar and farm families and from 
the very rural areas of Ontario and 
Quebec. Peer group rather than paren 
tal influence is the apparent motivat 
ing force in the selection of nursing. 
Also, this group is more inclined to 
seek information regarding entry into 
the profession. 

Robson suggests that the pre-teen 
girl s dislike of nursing centers about 
the lack of challenge and the lengthy, 
difficult preparation. The teenage girl s 
rejection of nursing appears to arise 
from her belief that she lacks the re 
quired academic ability or the appro 
priate personality. 

Two other significant findings in 
Robson s study are: university nursing 
students are more likely to have high 
academic ability, to come from upper 
class urban areas, and to seek out jobs 
that are interesting to them; and no 
more than 10 percent of male students 
have sufficiently favorable attitudes 
toward a nursing career those who 
are interested come primarily from 
working class families in urban areas. 

Thus, there appears to be ample 
scope for improving the approach to 
recruitment. The following suggestions 
are presented as ways of vitalizing 
nursing recruitment programs. 

General Proposals 

The advice of educational psychol 
ogists, urban and rural sociologists, 
guidance counselors, and nursing school 
personnel should be utilized to plan 
recruitment programs. 

A different approach should be used 
for each of the three audiences: pre- 
teen, early-teen and mid-teen groups. 
Progressively sophisticated materials 
and approaches should be used for 
these groups. 

The programs should appeal to as 
many of the senses as possible, relevant 
to the particular age group. For ex 
ample, the uniform and equipment 
used in nursing appeal to the pre-teen. 

The programs should be presented 
to both boys and girls at fairly specific 
intervals. The first or pre-teen pro 
gram, should be given at the beginning 
of the spring term of grade V and/or 
autumn term of grade VI; the second 
early-teen program, in the spring term 
of grade IX and/or grade X before the 
high school drop-out age; the third 
program, designed to appeal to the 
mid-teen group, should be presented in 
the fall term of the final high school 
year. A three-phase program of this 
nature allows for the possibility that a 
student will participate in these recruit 
ment programs three times during his 
formative career decision years. 

Attempts should be made to reach 
parent audiences through such organ 
izations as the Parent Teachers Asso- 
32 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



ciation and the Parent Teachers clubs. 

The pre-teen program should be a 
factual introduction to the practice of 
nursing with no allusion to the anti 
quated notion of preparation for mar 
riage. (There is no correlation to show 
that a female nurse is a better wife 
and mother than women prepared in 
other professional pursuits.) 

The early-teen group should be in 
formed about the two-year educational 
programs and introduced to available 
university preparation for nurses. 

The mid-teen program should be a 
recapitulation of the two kinds of edu 
cational programs (as endorsed by the 
federation of the 10 provincial nurses 
associations), the nursing functions to 
be carried out upon completion of 
these courses, and opportunities avail 
able for advanced academic study. 

The need for academic excellence 
should be emphasized and compared 
with other professional pursuits. 

The hours of functioning as a prac 
titioner of nursing should be considered 
on the basis of other occupational 
groups, such as teachers and airline 
hostesses. The former often attend 
summer school in supposed vacation 
time, and the latter also work long 
hours, including statutory holidays, 
nights, and weekends. 

Emphasis should be placed on the 
interesting facets of the work and in 
trinsic rewards the nurse derives as 
a collaborative member of the health 
services team. 

Role of university nurse-faculty 

In addition to recruitment into bac 
calaureate preparation courses, univer 
sity nurse-faculty can perform a vital 
role by encouraging baccalaureate stu 
dents to proceed to graduate studies. 

Lee and Major indicate that faculty 
personnel are remiss in actively recruit 
ing potential nurse-faculty for univer 
sity teaching positions.- :i So far, no 
data have been encountered to indicate 
that this group actively encourages stu 
dents to proceed to graduate study in 
administration, research, or clinical 
specialization. Because of the general 
lag in recruiting for university teach 
ing, it would appear that these areas 
suffer equally. 

Two noteworthy findings that have 
been reported may help nurse-faculty 
move in a more positive direction. In 
one of these, Sheffield observed that 
the choice of becoming a university 
teacher is usually made late in under 
graduate course work. 4 In the other, 
Lee reports that in a final-year student 
study population, 50 percent of the 
baccalaureate students expressed in 
terest in graduate study (37.5 per 
cent for master s and 12.5 percent for 
doctoral). Among the post-basic bac 



calaureate group, 70 percent indicated 
interest in graduate work (44.4 percent 
master s and 25 percent doctoral). 5 

University nurse-faculty should be 
alert to identify students who have 
the interest and the academic potential 
for graduate study in their third and 
fourth years of undergraduate work. 
Nurse-faculty should be prepared to, 
and actively engage in, discussions with 
all students about all aspects of gradu 
ate education that pertain to prepara 
tion for teaching, administration, re 
search, and clinical specialization. 

It is recognized that concerned nurse 
educators will question the wisdom of 
activating intense recruitment programs 
at a time when qualified applicants are 
being declined admission to existing 
programs. This is not an insolvable 
problem, since much can be done 
with curricula in these educational 
situations to accommodate interested 
qualified nurse aspirants. 

The problem of recruiting students 
for preparation for nurse positions is 
the responsibility of all professional 
nurses because of their commitment to 
the society they serve. Time is of es 
sence, but not at the expense of hasty, 
temporary improvisations. Recruitment 
programs for students for diploma, un 
dergraduate, and graduate study must 
be designed with care. The consider 
ations offered here are but beginning 
steps for future planning. 

References 

1. Robson. Reginald A.M. Sociological Fac 
tors Affecting Recruitment into the Nurs 
ing Profession. Ottawa, The Queen s Prin 
ter, 1967, pp. 103-106 and p. 135. 

2. Lee, Margaret N. Preferences for univer 
sity teaching as the career goal of bac 
calaureate students of nursing graduating 
from selected universities in Canada. (Un 
published Ed.D. Report, Teachers Col 
lege, Columbia University, New York 
City, 1966). pp. 93-94. 

3. Major, Dorothy. Career planning of high- 
ranking senior students. Nurs. Res., 
Spring 1961. p. 74. 

4. Sheffield, Edward F. The preparation 
of the university teacher. (Paper presented 
to the Mount Allison Summer Institute.) 
Sackville, N.B., August 19, 1964. p.l. 

5. Lee, op. cit., Table X, p. 60. 



DECEMBER 1967 



A discussion of the effect of 

medical technology on life-death 

decisions and of the management 

of the social and psychological 

aspects of care for the dying. 




When 
patients 

QIC I some nursing problems 



Jeanne C. Quint 

In Western societies in particular, 
human death has assumed new dimen 
sions as a nursing problem. In the 
Twentieth Century, social and techno 
logical change has led to the prolonga 
tion of life - - thus to an increase in 
persons requiring health care, partic 
ularly for conditions of a chronic na 
ture. Since the end of the Second 
World War, social and technological 
change has led to the prolongation of 
dying, through the development of high 
risk procedures and equipment capable 
of keeping the physical body alive al 
most indefinitely. 

The institutions that provide health 
services have been profoundly affected 
by these changes. The modern general 
hospital has become a complex and 
compartmentalized center of life-saving 
activities. At the same time one ob 
serves a sharp increase in institutions 
that provide custodial services - - for 
the elderly, no longer able to care for 
themselves, as well as for individuals 
(both young and old) who are socially 
incapacitated by chronic mental or 
physical disease. In both types of in 
stitutions, the nursing staff must deal 

* This article is based, in part, on re 
search supported by Public Health Service 
Grant No. NU-00047, from the Division of 
Nursing, Bureau of Health Manpower, Pub 
lic Health Service, and conducted under the 
auspices of the School of Nursing, Univer 
sity of California, San Francisco Medical 
Center, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. 



DECEMBER 1967 



with many situations in which death is 
a central issue. 

This paper considers two matters 
that are of serious concern to many 
nurses today: I . the difficult choices 
and decisions faced by them when the 
somewhat conflicting goals of recovery 
care and comfort-until-death care con 
verge; and 2. the management of the 
social and psychological aspects of care 
when patients are dying. The former 
centers around the nurse s responsibili 
ties associated with control or preven 
tion of death. The latter is concerned 
with the responsibilities associated with 
dying as a social process a series of 
events that includes interactions be 
tween and among a great many people 
and which takes place through a pe 
riod of time. In neither case are there 
easy solutions for the problems that 
nurses face in practice, because at 
issue are deep-seated values and be 
liefs that govern the meaning of death, 
both personally and professionally. 

Miss Quint, a graduate of St. Luke s Hospi 
tal School of Nursing, San Francisco, Ore 
gon State University, and the University of 
California, Los Angeles, is Assistant Re 
search Sociologist, University of California 
School of Nursing, San Francisco Medical 
Center, San Francisco, California. She is 
the author of The Nurse and the Dying 
Patient, recently published by the Macmil- 
lan Company, New York, and has written 
many articles on the same subject for vari 
ous journals in the United States. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 33 



The meaning of death 

For modern Western man, the be 
lief in human life as a manifestation of 
God s purpose has been challenged by 
the impersonal findings of science. For 
many, death no longer symbolizes a 
gateway, but rather serves as a remind 
er of the finiteness of human existence. 
Man s life has been extended by mod 
ern medical care and public health 
measures, but as Blauner has noted, 
his individual death scarcely interrupts 
the ongoing processes of society. 1 

For both personal and social rea 
sons, death carries a high degree of 
threat for the individual. From a so 
ciological perspective, Parsons suggests 
that death is a threat to the stability of 
a society based on the Protestant ethic 
of achievement, and the threat is mani 
fest in avoidance behaviors by mem 
bers of the society. 2 

According to Volkart, the meaning 
of death in North America is directly 
related to the American small family 
system that leads to a self-involvement 
with and an emotional attachment to a 
few select persons, thereby maximizing 
their psychological significance. 3 The 
culture provides for intense emotional 
investment in a few individuals but 
offers no easy solution to the problem 
of replacement once they are gone. 
The socio-emotional vulnerability of 
individuals to loss through death is 
extremely high. In consequence, when 
a person has a fatal illness, there is a 
tendency among those concerned to 
act as though death were not forth 
coming. Stated differently, societal 
values and beliefs about death foster 
interactions in which death is denied, 
minimized, or avoided. 4 

The disruptive impact of death on 
the ongoing business of society has 
been progessively controlled through 
a segregation of the dying.-" More and 
more, hospitals and other specialized 
institutions house and care for the ter 
minally ill, and the personnel in these 
facilities become involved in social af 
fairs that once belonged primarily to 
the family. However, the occupational 
groups responsible for managing ter 
minal care have a primary commit 
ment to the preservation of life, and 
they achieve their greatest satisfactions 
from helping people get well. Thus pa 
tients who die tend to be categorized as 

34 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



less desirable than patients who re 
cover because they do not provide the 
personal rewards and professional ac 
complishments that come from work 
ing with the latter group. 

The patient s act of dying is not a 
simple matter for nurses. Rather, the 
act of dying requires them to make 
decisions and to assume special re 
sponsibilities concerning the death. 
There are two general types of occu 
pational problems in which death is a 
central issue." First, the patient unex 
pectedly begins to die, and the nurse 
initiates emergency resuscitatory activi 
ties until the doctor arrives. The per 
son may or may not be saved by these 
efforts. Second, the patient is expect 
ed to die, although the anticipated time 
of death may vary -- from close and 
certain to remote and highly uncertain. 
At some point when death is perceived 
as inevitable, the "nothing-more-to-do" 
stage is reached and the fundamental 
goal of care shifts from recovery to 
comfort. 

The work that nurses do when con 
fronted with sudden and unexpected 
dying is directly related to life-saving 
goals. The tasks that they perform 
when death is expected depend on 
whether the patient is still defined as 
recoverable or whether they recognize 
and accept the reality of forthcoming 
death. However, many times the pa 
tient cannot neatly be classified as 
"dying" or "not dying," nor are the 
nurses always informed by the medical 
staff of the patient s true state. In con 
sequence, nurses encounter numerous 
situations in which they make choices 
between the recovery goal and the 
comfort goal on the basis of "best 
judgment." These choices are not al 
ways simple or easy to make. 

Conflicting goals of nursing practice 

The high value attached to life- 
saving responsibilities within the nurs 
ing and hospital subcultures has cre 
ated an environment in which recovery 
care carries higher priority than com 
fort care. According to a recent study 
of five schools of nursing, the educa 
tion of nurses has emphasized life-pre 
serving techniques and procedures with 
little specialized training in implement 
ing the distinctly different goals of 
helping people to live while dying. 8 



The relative importance attached to 
recovery care is illustrated by an inci 
dent that occurred during a statewide 
meeting of nursing students. 

"A nurse who was conducting a 
workshop on Death and the Nurse 
asked the students what they would do 
if they had a terminal cancer patient 
who suddenly developed cardiac arrest. 
After much discussion the students 
decided that they would start cardiac 
massage, letting the doctor decide 
whether or not to continue when he 
arrived. Thus the students made a 
choice supporting the primary occupa 
tional value of saving lives. Yet the 
decision was required in a context in 
which life-saving actions might tempor 
arily delay death, but could not ul 
timately ensure recovery." 1 

There are some serious issues under 
lying the responsibilities carried by 
nurses. Perhaps the most serious has 
to do with decisions concerning the 
prolonging and non-prolonging of life, 
and the conditions under which these 
actions are appropriate or inappropri 
ate. Central to this issue is the ques 
tion: Whose choice the person him 
self, the physician, the family, the hos 
pital staff? 

The societal pattern of silence about 
dying is reflected in the disclosure 
practices used by physicians and fam 
ilies. There is a general tendency to 
keep the dying person uninformed 
about the reality of his condition, to 
maintain him within a context of closed 
awareness about either his diagnosis, 
his prognosis, or both. 1 " As a result, 
the person himself is not generally con 
sulted about the use of heroic measures 
or life-extending machinery on his be 
half, and others make the decisions 
sometimes influenced as much by emo 
tional strain as by rational thought, 
and by the special meaning of this 
person s death to the living. 1 

Decisions relative to the use of non- 
prolonging measures are not generally 
difficult when the forthcoming death 
is viewed as an acceptable one by all 
concerned - - for example, when the 
patient is old and has lived a full life. 
The decisions become more complicat 
ed and problematic when the circum 
stances are such that family and staff 
alike are caught up in strong emotional 
responses - - as when the patient is 

DECEMBER 1967 



young, or is a person of national im 
portance, or the family is unable to 
come to terms with the reality of his 
death. 

Within the hospital, nurses increas 
ingly are faced with situations that re 
quire them to make choices about the 
use of heroic measures and about talk 
ing with dying patients concerning 
what is going on around them. With 
the rapid expansion of life-prolonging 
capabilities has come the development 
of hospital wards where life-death de 
cisions are almost routine parts of the 
nurse s daily work. Recovery rooms 
and intensive care units are ex 
amples of this trend. Because of the 
intense focus on recovery and to fore 
stall accusations of negligence, nurses 
on these wards tend to work very hard 
to prolong life even when these activities 
may be of little use. Nurses in these 
settings achieve great satisfaction when 
their efforts succeed. They are also 
very vulnerable to feelings of negli 
gence when their efforts fail, and to the 
helpless feelings brought on by fre 
quent exposure to death. 

"Many nurses are also upset by de 
cisions to prolong the patient s life 
when he is obviously not going to sur 
vive. Others are disturbed because pa 
tients are treated more like objects 
than like human beings. Caught in a 
pull between the task of life-saving at 
all costs and a desire to provide the 
patient a dignified and humane death, 
some nurses find that they cannot tol 
erate the tensions of continuous assign 
ment to the intensive care ward. 
Nurses who stay in these settings ap 
pear to handle the situation by 
switching their concerns from the pa 
tient to the doctor whom they can sup 
port in his efforts to save the pa 
tient." 12 

It is not simply in making choices 
between f he recovery goal and the 
comfort goal that nurses encounter dif 
ficulties in their work with patients 
who are potentially or actually dying. 
The management of the social and psy 
chological aspects of care for these pa 
tients poses other kinds of problems. 

Social and psychological impact of 
dying 

Whether they work in hospitals, 
convalescent homes, or agencies pro- 

DECEMBER 1967 



viding home care services, nurses are 
providing care for persons who are 
dying. There are times when these as 
signments provide the nurse with in 
tensely satisfying and professionally re 
warding experiences. There are also 
times when these assignments require 
her to face and deal with difficult and 
distressing problems, usually because 
the social and psychological impact of 
the death is very intense. 

The nurse s problems are of two 
kinds: those associated with the work 
that she must do; and those resulting 
from her personal reactions to the 
death or to events occurring during the 
assignment period. 1S 

The work tends to be relatively 
easy when these conditions prevail: 1. 
the patient carries low social value; 14 
2. there is no family, or the family 
members are accepting of the forth 
coming death; 3. the patient is coma 
tose -- thus inaccessible to conversa 
tion; 4. the dying interval is short and 
calm; and 5. the death is unobtrusive. 

In contrast, providing comfort, - 
both physical and psychological 
and help tends to become both com 
plex and often difficult under these 
circumstances: 1 . the patient is assigned 
high social value sometimes causing 
mass reactions of grief; 2. the family 
behaves in a disturbing way, for ex 
ample, creating emotional scenes on 
the ward; 3. the patient behaves in an 
upsetting way by being aggressive or 
moody or highly emotional perhaps 
by talking about death in a way which 
bothers the nurse; 4. the dying interval 
is lengthy, and the nurse has prolonged 
contact with patient and family; and 
5. the death itself is obtrusive and dis 
turbing to sight and smell. 

It has been well established that 
Americans do not like to talk about 
death or dying, and conversation that 
is or threatens to be saddening is gen 
erally not allowed. Nurses are no 
exception to the rule; they have devel 
oped occupational strategies for keep 
ing interactions with patients and fam 
ilies under control. " For nurses gener 
ally, interactions with dying patients 
and their families tend to be relatively 
easy when the threat posed by death or 
by personal involvement is minimized. 
The interactional difficulties increase 
in proportion to the amount of per 



sonal and professional threat that is 
present. 

As nurses report their experiences, 
the conditions that contribute to inter 
actional tensions include the following: 
1. the patient who is not to be told 
about his prognosis suspects something 
is wrong and tries to find out; 2. the 
patient s personal characteristics trig 
ger strong personal reactions, for ex 
ample, the child who is dying precipi 
tates feelings of sadness and grief; 3. 
the patient talks about his own death 
or behaves in ways that cause the 
nurse to feel helpless and hopeless. 

Many problems described by nurses 
in their interactions with dying pa 
tients and their families are directly re 
lated to a paucity of communication 
between the medical and nursing staffs. 
The education of both groups has em 
phasized physical care and technical 
procedures and has provided little spe 
cialized training in the social and psy 
chological aspects of care. Rather, 
these social and psychological matters 
are essentially nonaccountable within 
the organized health care systems, with 
important consequences for the pa 
tients and for the staff. 17 If doctors and 
nurses have learned to avoid or evade 
certain types of situations, it is be 
cause, in part, they have had very little 
help in learning how to cope with their 
own reactions and feelings. 

It is indeed true that individual 
nurses -- often with little specialized 
preparation for the task are quietly 
helping dying patients and their fam 
ilies cope with the social and psycho 
logical problems they encounter. These 
individual efforts, however, can scarce 
ly forestall the movement toward 
"death control" as it is evolving in 
modern, urban society. 

Conclusion 

There is every indication that nurses 
in the future will face more rather than 
fewer problems in which death is a 
central feature. Wards offering special 
ized, highly technical services for the 
critically ill or for those undergoing 
high risk procedures are on the in 
crease in hospitals both in numbers 
and in complexity of task. ls It is un 
likely that the present trend toward 
segregating the dying from the living 
will be reversed, and the need for care- 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 35 



and-comfort nursing services for these 
patients, whether at home or in insti 
tutions, undoubtedly will increase. 

What needs to be done? First, the 
reality of what is happening needs to 
be recognized by the medical and nurs 
ing professions. For both doctors and 
nurses, the occupational problems re 
lated to death have undergone tremen 
dous changes, both quantitatively and 
qualitatively, but the education of new 
practitioners has not kept pace with 
these changes. For change to occur, 
the curricula in schools of medicine 
and schools of nursing must be revised 
to provide better training for the psy 
chological, social, and organizational 
aspects of work that involves death. 111 

In addition, nurses themselves need 
to face the reality that care for the 
dying is essentially a nursing problem, 
not a medical problem. Although phy 
sicians make many decisions and carry 
serious responsibilities affecting the 
lives of patients with fatal illness, it is 
nurses and their associates who deal 
with the day-by-day tasks of helping 
these people and their families live 
with the social and psychological con 
sequences of the illness. To improve 
the care of these patients, nurses must 
be willing to do something to alter the 
conditions that interfere with effective 
care. For example, nurses can take the 
initiative in establishing open and reg 
ular two-way communication with phy 
sicians rather than to wait for "orders" 
from them. 

If nurses are to accept responsibility 
for the care of dying patients, how 
ever, the difficulties of the task must 
be recognized by the agencies that pro 
vide nursing services. The directors of 
nursing service need to be willing to 
take the initiative in involving the 
medical staff in coordinated and coop 
erative planning and "to consider how 
best to make provision for consistent 
support and guidance to the nursing 
staff who, when one faces the issue dir" 
ectly, bear the brunt of this difficult 
and serious problem." 2 " 

More than this, the directors of 
nursing need to recognize that effective 
nursing care may require a reorganiza 
tion of presently existing agency poli 
cies and practices. Such changes can 
not generally come into being without 
active involvement of the administrator 

36 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



of the agency and its policy-making 
board. 

Finally, the issues that transcend 
professional responsibilities for termin 
al care need to be discussed and debat 
ed more openly by all of the profes 
sionals concerned and by the public at 
large. One such issue has to do with 
decisions concerning the prolonging of 
life. Another has to do with the use 
of addicting drugs for the control, of 
pain. A tendency to withold or to 
space the administration of narcotics 
reflects the general American attitude 
toward addiction but may lead to 
needless pain for the dying patient. In 
both matters the prolonging of life 
and the use of addicting drugs -- the 
actions of doctors and nurses mirror 
the values of American society. With 
the changing of the times, issues such 
as these cannot afford not to be dis 
cussed and debated. 

References 

1. Blauner, R. Death and social structure. 
Psychiatry, 29:379, Nov. 1966. 

2. Parsons, T. Death in American society 

- a brief working paper. The Amer 
ican Behavioral Scientist, 6: 61-65, 
1963. 

3. Volkart, E. and Michael. S. Bereave 
ment and mental health. Explorations 
in Social Psychiatry. New York, Basic 
Books, 1957, pp. 281-307. 

4. Quint, J.C. The social context of dying. 
Conference on Terminal Illness and Im 
pending Death Among the Aged, spon 
sored by Division of Chronic Diseases, 
Department of Health, Education, and 
Welfare, Washington, D.C., May 10, 
1966. 

5. Blauner, op.cit., pp. 378-94. 

6. Quint. J.C., The Nurse and the Dying 
Patient. New York, Macmillan, 1967, 
pp. 22-24. 

7. Glaser, G. and Strauss, A. L. Aware 
ness of Dying. Chicago, Aldine, 1965, 
pp. 204-25. 

8. Quint, J.C. The Nurse and the Dying 
Patient. New York, Macmillan, 1967. 

9. Ibid., p. 229. 

10. Giaser and Strauss, op.cit. pp. 29-46. 

11. Bowers, M.K. et al. Counseling the 
Dying. New York, Thomas Nelson & 
Sons, 1964, pp. 52-73. 

12. Quint, J.C. The nurse encounters the 
dying patient. Paper given at a sympo 
sium, Death, Grief, and Bereavement, 



sponsored by the University of Minne 
sota, May 18-19, 1967, pp. 13-14. 

13. Quint, J.C. The dying patient: A diffi 
cult nursing problem. The Nursing Clin 
ics of North America. Philadelphia, 
W.B. Saunders, Dec. 1967. 

14. Glaser, G. and Strauss. A.L. The social 
loss of dying patients. Amer. J. Nurs. 
64: 119-21, June 1964. 

15. Fulton, R. Death and the self. Journal 
of Religion and Health, vol. 3, July 
1964. 

16. Quint, J.C. Institutionalized Practices 
of Information Control. Psychiatry 28: 
119-32, May 1965. 

17. Strauss, L., Glaser, G., and Quint, J.C. 
The nonaccountability of terminal care. 
Hospitals 38: 73-87, Jan. 16, 1964. 

18. Talbott, G.D. ICU s - - present and 
future. Resident Physician, June, 1967, 
pp. 95-97. 

19. Quint, The Nurse and the Dying Pa 
tient, op. cit. chapter 8. 

20. Quint, J.C., "Nursing services and the 
care of dying patients: some specula 
tions." Nursing Service 2:440, Dec. 64. fj 



DECEMBER 1967 



Conception control 
in family planning 

One of the most important social changes in our world today is the growing 
acceptance of conception control as part of the marriage pattern. Nurses, along 
with physicians, clergymen, and social workers, are becoming increasingly involved 
in counseling for family planning. 



Elaine Dawson 




Miss Dawson, a graduate of the Toronto 
East General Hospital and the diploma 
course in public health nursing at the Uni 
versity of Toronto, is Director of the De 
partment of Educational Services at Ortho 
Pharmaceutical (Canada) Ltd. Through this 
department, she provides educational litera 
ture, lectures, and teaching aids to nurses 
who are involved or interested in the field 
of family planning. 



When planning a family, a couple 
should consider many factors: their ex 
pected economic status which will de 
termine how they can best feed, clothe, 
house, and educate their children; the 
spacing of each child; the stability of 
their marriage; and their own emotion 
al and physical health. Being well-in 
formed about contraception could be 
an integral part of their family plan 
ning so that their children, when born, 
are there through choice and not 
through chance. 

While many nurses may never rec 
ommend any means of birth control, 
one of the first steps to becoming com 
fortable with the subject is to be know 
ledgeable about the various methods 
available. 

Pregnancy rates 

The normal pregnancy rate is estim 
ated as 60-80. This means that with 
100 fertile women using no method of 
contraception for one full year, we 
could expect 60-80 pregnancies to oc 
cur in that group. From these figures 
it is plain to see that uncontrolled fer 
tility can be disastrous, whether on 
the family or the national level. 

Since the dawn of history, man has 
shown concern in regulating the size of 
his family. Many ideas were developed 
in an effort to find drugs or devices 
which would inhibit fecundity. It is 
interesting to note that the rationale for 
all so-called modern methods is ages 
old; only the materials that are used 
today are really new. 1 



DECEMBER 1967 



Oral contraceptives 

The search for an effective and safe 
oral contraceptive was carried on for 
centuries, but it was not until the 
1950s that such a drug was developed. 
After considerable research and count 
less field trials involving thousands of 
women, the "combination" products 
and then the "sequentials" were made 
available. 
Mode of action 

The ovulatory cycle is controlled 
through a complicated hormonal inter 
action of the gonadotropins from the 
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and 
the estrogen and progesterone from the 
ovary. These two hormones, when giv 
en to the non-gravid woman, act to 
prevent ovulation by inhibiting the se 
cretion of the pituitary gonadotropins. 

The ingestion of these hormones also 
results in endometrial changes and a 
thickening of the cervical mucus.- It 
is thought that these additional two 
factors may play a role in the effective 
ness of the method. 
Combination oral contraceptives 

The "combinations" contains syn 
thetic estrogen and progesterone (pro- 
gestin). Doses of 10 mg. were intro 
duced some 10 years ago. Since then 
doses as low as 1 mg. have been de 
veloped, and are still virtually 100 
percent effective. 

Starting on the fifth day after the 
first day of the menstrual flow, one 
tablet is taken, preferably at the same 
time each day. The tablets are taken 
for about 21 days, depending on the 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 37 




Figure 1. Various intrauterine devices: a) Lippes Loop; b) Gynekoil; 
c) Lippes Loop inserter with loop partially straightened for inser 
tion; d) Bow; e) Stainless steel ring. 



product. A menstrual period will usual 
ly commence 2-5 days after the last 
tablet has been taken. Each new tablet- 
taking cycle is started approximately 
one week after the last cycle is com 
plete whether or not menstruation has 
occurred or is finished. 

One of the pleasant effects of com 
bination oral contraceptives is the 
scantier flow and shorter periods that 
a great many women experience. 3 Pre 
menstrual tension and dysmenorrhea 
are frequently relieved. A regular cycle 
length of 27 or 28 days is established. 4 
Sequential oral contraceptives 

The sequential oral contraceptives, 
while slightly less effective with regu 
lar use than the "combinations," are 
the tablets of medical choice for some 
women. These, too, are taken on a 20 
or 21 day regimen. With this type of 
contraceptive, estrogen alone is taken 
for the first 14-16 days followed by 
a tablet containing estrogen and pro- 
gestin combined for the remainder of 
the days. As with the "combinations," 
menstrual flow usually starts 2 - 5 days 
after the tablet-taking cycle is stopped. 

38 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Because the sequentials tend to sim 
ulate the pattern of the normal men 
strual cycle, that is, estrogen early in 
the cycle followed by progesterone, the 
duration and volume of the menstrual 
flow tends to remain unchanged. 
Side effects of oral contraceptives 

A small percentage of women ex 
perience side effects with both the 
combination and sequential products. 
The most common side effects appear 
to be breakthrough (intermenstrual) 
bleeding, nausea, slight breast tender 
ness, and weight change. 5 It is interest 
ing to note that while some women 
gain weight, some appear to experience 
weight loss, particularly with the 
sequential products." Depression, ir 
ritability, and headaches are some 
subjective complaints. 

For the most part these side effects 
tend to lessen or disappear after the 
first few cycles of tablet use. In some 
cases they are severe enough to 
warrant discontinuance of the method. 
Precautions 

Although no causal relationship 
has been proven between the use of 



progestin-estrogen compounds and 
the development of thrombophlebitis, 
doctors use caution when prescribing 
oral contraceptives for patients with 
thromboembolic disease or a history 
of thrombophlebitis. 

Patients with pre-existing fibroids, 
epilepsy, migraine, asthma or a history 
of psychic depression should be care 
fully observed. Pre-therapy examina 
tion should include a Papanicolaou 
smear. 
Contraindications 

Oral contraceptives should not be 
taken: in the presence of malignant 
tumors of the breast or genital tract; 
in the presence of significant liver 
dysfunction or disease; in the presence 
of cardiac or renal disorders which 
might be adversely affected by some 
degree of fluid retention; or during 
the period a mother is breastfeeding 
an infant. 
Pregnancy 

Patients are sometimes concerned 
about planned pregnancies after the 
medication is discontinued. It has 
been found that fertility is not im- 

DECEMBER 1967 




Figure 2. Lippes Loop in position in model of uterus, 
before polyethylene threads have been clipped. 



paired nor are there changes in 
the expected rate of fetal abnormal 
ities. 7 - 10 
Acceptability 

Because of extreme effectiveness 
and the fact that they are taken 
separately from the act of coitus, oral 
contraceptives are highly acceptable as 
a method of conception control. A 
study of 2,040 women over 22,948 
treatment cycles showed that "oral con 
traception in terms of effectiveness and 
acceptability appears to be far superior 
to any other available method." 11 

Intrauterine contraceptive devices 

There are many different shapes 
and sizes of intrauterine contraceptive 
devices. Those which have undergone 
the most extensive evaluation are 
shown in Figure 1. The Lippes Loop 
and the Gynekoil (coil) are made of 
polyethylene. Each has a transcervical 
appendage; the loop has two mono- 
filament polyethylene threads, and the 
coil has a stem with seven beads. 
These extrusions are clipped after the 
device has been inserted into the 

DECEMBER 1967 



uterus. The bow (made of poly 
ethylene) and the stainless steel ring 
do not have the transcervical ap 
pendages. These latter two are seldom 
used in Canada. The polyethylene is 
impregnated with barium salt to permit 
visualization by x-ray. 
Insertion 

The sterile device is inserted during 
or immediately after a menstrual 
period. Insertion is easier during these 
days and the post-insertion spotting, 
which occurs in a significant number 
of cases, is less disturbing to the 
patient. Also, the possibility of an 
existing pregnancy is ruled out. 

The polyethylene devices have a 
"memory capability," that is, they can 
be straightened out for introduction 
by means of a tube-like inserter and 
plunger. In the uterus, the device 
returns to its pre-insertion shape. 
(Figure 2) 

The beads or threads, which ex 
trude from the cervix, are clipped 
short enough to avoid penile dis 
comfort for the husband, but long 
enough to permit the patient to carry 



out digital examination to determine 
the continuing presence of the device. 
Mechanism of action 

These devices do not act by any 
blockage of the cervix. Sperm are 
found in the uterus and tubes, ovula- 
tion and menstruation continue as 
normal. It is not fully understood 
how the devices prevent pregnancy 
but to the best of our present 
knowledge they may act by increasing 
the speed of transmission of the ovum 
from the ovary, through the tubes, to 
the uterus. 12 
Complications and side effects 

In about 10 percent of cases, ex 
pulsion of the device occurs. 13 These 
expulsions most often take place in 
the first two or three months of use 
and frequently occur at the time of 
menses. Patients should be advised 
to check pads and tampons and to 
examine themselves after each period 
to confirm that the device is in 
position. Unnoticed expulsions are 
often followed by an unplanned 
pregnancy. 14 

Some post-insertion spotting occurs 
in a high percentage of patients. Inter- 
menstrual bleeding and/or menor- 
rhagia is common during the first two 
or three menstrual cycles. Persistent 
and/or heavy bleeding is the most 
common reason for removal of the 
device by the physician. 15 

Slight cramping is sometimes felt 
at the time of insertion but this 
usually subsequently subsides. Some 
patients, however, experience cramp 
ing during the first few menstrual 
periods. 

Pregnancies have occurred with the 
device in situ. In these cases the 
device is usually left in place. It 
remains outside the fetal sac and is 
often delivered with the placenta at 
term. 

Perkin, reporting on the data of 
11,222 first insertions from 43 con 
tributing institutions, states that the 
pregnancy rate per 100 women at the 
end of the first year was 2.4 percent 
for the loop, 1.8 percent for the coil, 
5.7 percent for the bow, and 7.5 
percent for the stainless steel ring. 1 " 
Contraindications 

Reasons for not using intrauterine 
devices include: pregnancy, genital 
malignancy, acute or subacute pelvic 
inflammatory disease, history of 
menorrhagia or metrorrhagia (these 
should be treated prior to insertion), 
fibroids, and bicornuate or septate 
uterus. 
Acceptability 

Perkin also states "...the intra 
uterine devices offer the following 
advantages as a method of contracep 
tion: a) Sustained patient motivation 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 39 




Figure 3. Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly covering 
cervix and surrounding tissues. 



Figure 4. Application oj spermicidal agent into 
vaginal canal. 



is not required, b) They are highly 
effective, c) Fertility following removal 
of the device is unaffected, d) The 
method is independent of coitus, 
e) They are inexpensive. The loop is 
well tolerated by at least 75 percent 
of women in whom it is inserted." 17 
As a rule intrauterine devices are 
not inserted in a nulliparous patient. 
The incidence of cramping, bleeding, 
and expulsions is much higher for 
this group. By and large, these patients 
are not considered to be good candi 
dates for this type of contraception. 

Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly 

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped 
device made of latex rubber over a 
flexible metal rim. It must be fitted 
by a physician. When correctly in 
place, it rests: anteriorly against the 
soft tissues posterior to the symphysis 
pubis; posteriorly, within the posterior 
vaginal fornix; and circumferentially, 
against the vaginal walls. Whether the 
diaphragm is inserted dome up or 
dome down, the spermicidal jelly used 
with the diaphragm must be between 
the diaphragm and the cervix. (Figure 
3). The diaphragm and jelly must re 
main in place for at least six hours 
following the last coitus. Douching 
within that period of time may dilute 
or remove the spermicidal jelly, so 
should not be recommended. 

This method offers the motivated 
patient a fairly high level of protec 
tion. Displacement of the diaphragm 
during coitus and improper or in 
consistent use usually accounts for the 

40 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



failure of this method. The pregnancy 
rate has been reported as low as 
five 18 and as high as twelve. 19 

Some women find this method a 
nuisance or complain that it interferes 
with the spontaneity of the sex act. 
For the woman who cannot or does 
not wish to use the oral contraceptive 
or the intrauterine devices, the dia 
phragm with a good spermicidal agent 
offers a reasonable alternative. 

Spermicidal agents Jelly, cream, 
foam 

Spermicidal chemicals in a non- 
reactive base of jelly, cream, or foam 
are yet another method of contracep 
tion. These agents are placed, by 
means of an applicator (Figure 4), 
well back in the vagina, just prior to 
sexual intercourse. Certain jellies and 
creams, as well as being spermicidal, 
also provide somewhat of a barrier to 
sperm. However, some women find 
the jellies and creams "messy" and 
prefer the more esthetically pleasing 
foam. 20 

Patients who wish a simple, easy- 
to-use method that does not require 
a prescription readily accept this 
method. The pregnancy rate for the 
vaginal foams ranges from 2.7 to about 
10 and for the creams and jellies from 
about 3.5 to 15. 

Condom 

The condom is still the most widely 
used of the mechanical methods. When 
used with care and consistency, it 
offers a fair degree of protection. 



One study lists the pregnancy rate 
as 6 to 16. 21 The main disadvantage 
of this method is that its use interrupts 
the sex act and often prevents com 
plete sexual satisfaction for one or 
both partners. When the husband feels 
that contraception is his responsibility, 
the condom may be the method of 
choice. 22 

Coitus interruptus (withdrawal) 

This method of contraception, surely 
the oldest in the world, is described 
as the withdrawal of the penis from 
the vagina just prior to ejaculation 
so that the semen is not deposited 
in or near the vagina. Conscious con 
trol by the husband is imperative if 
the method is to be successful. Sperm 
found in the urethral secretions prior 
to ejaculation could theoretically cause 
a pregnancy. 

This method is often not considered 
satisfying to either the husband or 
the wife. M It carries an estimated 
pregnancy rate of 35. 

Rhythm method 

The rhythm method is based on 
identification of the time of ovulation 
and then abstinence from sexual inter 
course around this time. The ovum 
is fertilizable for about 12-24 hours 
only, but sperm have been found to 
be viable in the female genital tract 
for up to five days. 24 It becomes 
imperative, therefore, that the couple 
be able to avoid coitus well in advance 
of the time of ovulation if this method 
is to prove successful. 

DECEMBER 1967 



GROUP I 

Most effective 


Oral Contraceptives 
Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices 


GROUP II 

Very effective 


Diaphragm with Spermicidal Jelly 
Aerosol Vaginal Foam 
Jelly or Cream alone 
Condom 


GROUP III 

Less effective 


Rhythm Method 
Coitus Interruptus 


GROUP IV 

Least effective 


Vaginal Douche plain or with chemicals added 
Breast feeding 
Non-spermicidal suppositories 



Effectiveness Ratings 



Arithmetical calculations, involving 
the recording of the shortest and 
longest menstrual cycles over a mini 
mum period of six months, are used. 
Ovulation is also calculated by plotting 
the basal body temperature. 

In one particular study where 
women were selected for their 
menstrual regularity, the pregnancy 
rate was found to be about 14. 2r 
Menstrual irregularity and febrile con 
ditions can affect calculations of the 
time of ovulation. The pregnancy rate 
for the general population using the 
rhythm method is estimated at 35. 

Non-acceptable methods 

Because sperm have been found in 
the uterus and tubes very shortly after 
ejaculation (2-3 minutes), douching 
is considered to be a very poor method 
of contraception. Non-spermicidal sup 
positories, too, offer little or no protec 
tion. It should be noted that lactation, 
contrary to what some patients may 
think, does not really provide protec 
tion against conception. 

Permanent ( surgical methods ) 

Vas resection or vasectomy is a 
relatively permanent method of family 
limitation although surgical reversi 
bility is sometimes possible. In this 
simple operative procedure, spermato 
zoa are mechanically prevented from 
traversing the length of the vas def- 
erens by severing the vas and ligating 
the cut ends. Libido and potency are 
not impaired. 20 

The surgical removal of sections 
from both Fallopian tubes is the meth 
od of choice for female sterilization. 
In appropriate situations this may be 
done as a postpartum procedure or 
as an elective operation in the non- 
pregnant woman. 27 

Conclusion 

It is important to remember that 
there is not yet one perfect method 

DECEMBER 1967 



of contraception. The method most 
acceptable to the couple is the one 
that will be used most consistently, 
and hence, is the most effective for 
them. The full range of methods - 
oral contraceptives, intrauterine de 
vices, diaphragms, spermicidal agents, 
condom, coitus interruptus, and 
rhythm offer the couple a selection 
from which they can choose the one 
best suited to their family planning 
needs. 

Non-directive counseling, which 
counseling in family planning should 
be, does not attempt to impose any 
set of values or beliefs on the patient. 
It respects the right of the individual 
to make her own decision.- 8 

Many nurses in Canada are finding 
that patients are looking to them for 
guidance and information in this field. 
A broad, precise knowledge of concep 
tion control is necessary to enable 
the nurse to counsel comfortably and 
confidently. 

Traditionally, there has been in the 
nursing profession a deep commitment 
to the strengthening of the integrity 
of the family and the development 
of the individual. 

We must seek to assure that each 
child born will be, not a burden, but 
a blessing a welcome, wanted 

addition to the family and to the 
community. 

References 

1. Finch, B.E., and Green, H. Contracep 
tion Through the Ages. London, Peter 
Owen Ltd., 1 963. 

2. Rice-Wray, Edris et al. Oral progestins 
in fertility control: a comparative study. 
Fertil. Steril. 14:4, July-Aug. 1963, pp. 
402-409. 

3. Mears, Eleanor. Oral contraceptives. In 
Pollock, Mary. Family Planning. Lon 
don, Bailliere, Tindall & Cassell, 1966, 
pp. 25-31. 

4. Goldzieher, Joseph W. Newer drugs in 
oral contraception. Med. Clin. N. Amer., 



48:2, March 1964, pp. 529-545. 

5. Tyler, Edward T. Current status of oral 
contraception. JAMA, Feb. 22, 1964, 
pp. 562-565. 

6. Newland, Donald A. et al. Effectiveness 
of a sequential oral contraceptive tablet. 
Obstet. Gynec., 28:4, Oct. 1966, pp. 516- 
520. 

7. Tyler, Edward T. et al. Long term 
usage of norethindrone with mestranol 
preparations in the control of human 
fertility. Clin. Med., 71:6, June 1964, 
pp. 997-1024. 

8. Clinical Aspects of Oral Gestogens. 
World Health Organization Technical 
Report Series, #326, 1966. 

9. Rovinsky, Joseph J. Clinical effective 
ness of a low dosage progestin-estrogen 
combination. Obstet. Gynec. 23:1, Jan. 

1964, pp. 125-131. 

10. Rice-Wray, Edris, et al. The accepta 
bility of oral progestins in fertility con 
trol. Metabolism, 14:3 Part 2, March 

1965, pp. 451-456. 

11. Ibid. 

12. Perkin, Gordon. Intrauterine contracep 
tion. CM A], Feb. 26, 1966, pp. 431-436. 

13. Ibid. 

14. Tietze, Christopher, and Lewit, Sarah. 
Intrauterine contraception: effectiveness 
& acceptability. Excerpta Med. Inter 
national Congress Series #86, Oct. 

1964, pp. 98-110. 

15. Perkin, op. cit. 

16. Perkin, op. cit. 

17. Perkin, op. cit. 

18. Dubrow, Milliard, and Gutmacher, Alan 
F. The present status of contraception. 
J. Mount Sinai Hasp., N.Y. 26:2, Mar.- 
Apr. 1959, pp. 118-124. 

19. Wiseman, Aviva. Oral contraceptives in 
family planning. College of General 
Practice of Canada, Journal, 12:9, June 

1966, pp. 15-21. 

20. Kleppinger, Richard K. A vaginal con 
traceptive foam. Penn. Med. J. April 

1965, pp. 31-34. 

21. Dubrow, op. cit. 

22. Tietze, Christopher. The condom. In 
Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep 
tive Practice. London, Williams & 
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 181-187. 

23. Sjovall, Elisabet. Coitus interruptus. In 

Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contracep 
tive Practice. London, Williams & Wil 
kins, 1964, pp. 202-206. 

24. Jeffcoate, T.N. Principles of Gynecolo- 
gy. London, Butterworth, 1957. 

25. Dubrow, op. cit. 

26. Ferber, William L. Male sterilization. 
In Calderone, M.S. Manual of Contra 
ceptive Practice, London, Williams & 
Wilkins, 1964, pp. 246-249. 

27. Wood, H. Curtis, Jr. Female steriliza 
tion. In Calderone, M.S. Manual of 
Contraceptive Practice. London, Wil 
liams & Wilkins, 1964, pp. 233-241. 

28. Chesterman, H. Public Health nurse and 
family planning. Nurs. Outlook, Sept. 
1964, pp. 32-34. rj 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 41 



Some sexologists suggest that there are more females who are homosexual than 
males. Yet female homosexuality has received comparatively little study. 



The terms used to describe the 
sexual relationship between two fe 
males - - lesbian or sapphic love 
date back to 600 B.C. Sappho, the 
famous Greek poetess of that time, 
had gathered together in her House 
of Muses on the Island of Lesbos a 
group of young girls who devoted 
themselves to dancing, poetry, and 
homosexual practices. Also, all of 
Sappho s poetic works are one long 
cry of love for the female sex. 

Homosexuality in females existed 
at a much earlier age in Egyot as 
well as in ancient China and India. 
The Kamasutra (an ancient Hindu 
text on mystical erotics) describes 
lesbian practices in Indian and Persian 
harems where each woman had a 
lover of her own sex. 

Homosexual behavior also was com 
mon in the days of the Roman Em 
pire. Lucian, Martial, and Juvenal 
wrote in praise or condemnation of 
this behavior, which they observed at 
the baths or in patrician palaces. 

The attitude toward lesbianism in 
the Renaissance period was one of 
amused indulgence. During the Seven 
teenth and Eighteenth Centuries, sap 
phic love was invested with a new 
status through art and literature. In 
the novel Justine et Juliette, which has 
lesbianism as its central theme, the 
Marquis de Sade gave an accurate 
description of this period and informa 
tion on the frequency with which 
homosexual behavior was encountered 
in Europe. There are also references 
to it in the works of Balzac and 
Daudet, among others. 

Homosexuality has been dealt with 
scientifically only in modern times. 
Writers such as Havelock Ellis, Hirch- 
field, Freud, and Adler, as well as 
Kinsey, have examined it from the 
psychological, psychoanalytical and 
sociological point of view. Some psy 
choanalysts see lesbianism as a psy- 

42 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



Homosexuality 
among women 

Rejane Rancourt, I.L., L.P.s. and Therese Limoges, B.Sc.Soc., M.A. Crim. 



chological phenomenon that appears 
to be determined, in large part, by 
external or social circumstances. It 
should be recognized, however, that 
researchers have given little attention 
to this deviation. Even now, its most 
important aspects escape sexologists. 

Nature of female homosexuality 

Homosexuality is not easy to define. 
Where does it begin? Where does it 
end? Are we justified in referring to 
homosexuality only when we are faced 
with clearly characterized behavior 
that culminates in orgasm between 
two partners of the same sex? On 
the other hand, can its existence be 
suspected in all cases where two 
persons of the same sex feel attracted 
to one another? 

This first definition of homosexual 
ity, which limits the use of the term 
to actual homosexual behavior, seems 
too restrictive. It excludes all sexual 
desires that produce, internally, cer 
tain somatic responses of eroticism 
(for example, secretions). Marcel Eck s 
definition appears to be the most satis 
factory since it is extensive and ap 
plicable to individuals of both sexes: 
"A homosexual is any individual who, 
exclusively or preeminently, desires 
sexual relationship with a partner of 
his or her own sex." 1 

Any human relationship is sexual 
in that it is experienced by a male 
or female individual. It is said to be 
sexualized when it involves the genital 
elements of the sexual being. These 
are far less localized in woman than 
in man. According to Dr. Eck, sexual 
ity is much more diffused in women 
than in men; it involves and changes 



Miss Rancourt is a student in criminology 
at the University of Montreal. Miss Limoges, 
author of La prostitution a Montreal, is on 
the faculty of the University of Montreal. 



the woman s whole being to a much 
greater degree than it involves and 
changes any of her specific sexual 
organs.- This is probably why women 
have more need for demonstrations 
of affection. 

Where, then, do we draw the line 
between those relationships that in 
volve only friendship and those that 
involve homosexuality? For females 
we should identify homosexuality 
through the application of psychologi 
cal, rather than physical criteria. These 
psychological criteria include an ex 
aggerated need for the presence of 
another woman, and the exclusive 
nature of the relationship that may 
result in jealousy and other types of 
anxiety. Although physical exchanges 
may remain well below the level of 
total intimacy in such cases, the rela 
tionship is eroticized to the extent that 
it inhibits the search for a heterosexual 
partner. 

Eck s definition thus appears most 
complete in that it includes the type 
of woman who displays the above 
characteristics, as well as those whose 
homosexual behavior is clearly evident. 
This definition serves equally well for 
women (such as prostitutes) who in 
dulge in heterosexual relationships 
without being predominently drawn 
toward the other sex. 

Because of a female s physical con 
stitution, it is easier for her than for 
a male (who must be sexually potent 
to perform heterosexual acts) to in 
dulge in repeated contacts with the 
other sex, even in those cases when 
any desire to do so is lacking. 

Caprio has claimed that 80 percent 
of prostitutes indulge in homosexual 
ity, 3 a fact that one of the authors of 
this article, Limoges, confirmed during 
research carried out among prostitutes 
in Montreal. Others have noted the 
late appearance of homosexual be 
havior among married women who 

DECEMBER 1967 



have several children. 

Volume and frequency 

It is difficult to determine the per 
centage of the female population that 
is addicted to lesbianism. Estimates 
can be based only on approximations. 

According to Ellis, homosexuality 
in females is twice as high as in 
males. 4 In England, it apparently in 
volves from 4 to 10 percent of the 
entire female population. Hamilton has 
estimated that of 100 American wom 
en questioned, homosexual reactions 
were noted in 26 cases. " 

Davis records a homosexuality rate 
of 51.2 percent in a sample of 1200 
unmarried women. Of this latter group, 
however, only 20 percent actually had 
sexual relations with persons of their 
own sex. (i Landis found that 91 per 
cent of women that he interviewed 
were involved, during adolescence, in 
a sentimental homosexual experience; 
however, 33 of the 34 women ques 
tioned subsequently became complete 
ly heterosexual. Only one continued 
to engage in homosexual relations. 7 

The Kinsey report provides detailed 
data about female homosexuality in 
the United States.* Kinsey found that 
the frequency rate is higher among un 
married than married women; in the 
former, sexual contacts may reach as 
high as 16 percent at age 25, and 26 
percent at age 35. In married women, 
homosexuality accompanied by sexual 
contact does not rise above one to three 
percent. From the Kinsey studies, it 
can be concluded that the rate of 
homosexuality in females is approx 
imately one-half that of males, and 
one-third if account is taken only of 
contact accompanied by orgasm. 
Among women, almost one-half of 
these experiences take place within a 
one-year period. 

Recent writers suggest that there 
are more homosexual females than 
males. Since homosexuality among 
women is less visible than among men 
and meets with less social intolerance, 
these writers believe that estimations 
of female lesbianism are inaccurate. 

Forms of female homosexuality 

A distinction has been made be 
tween accidental and habitual homo 
sexuality. A further distinction should 
be made in terms of the various types 
of relationships. Among lesbian cou 
ples, whether the relationship be per 
manent or temporary, various forms 
can be noted. All represent counter 
feits or deformations of certain types 
of normal interpersonal relationships. 
For example, counterfeit mother- 
daughter relationships with added 
sexual behavior are found frequently 
in boarding schools and in the theatri- 
DECEMBER 1967 



cal world. Here, the teacher or the 
star may be sexually attracted to the 
newcomer. Conversely, the latter may 
look to her older partner for feminine 
protection or physical demonstrations 
of affection. 

Counterfeit sister-sister relationships, 
though by no means infrequent, are 
more rarely observed. In these in 
stances, two friends who are involved 
in a common experience make their 
relationship closer by homosexual rela 
tions. Colette, in some of her novels, 
has shown how lesbian love can play 
a comforting role in the life of certain 
friends. 

A third type of relationship involves 
counterfeit man-women relationships: 
one of the partners takes the part of 
the lover, the other, that of the mis 
tress. This type of relationship has 
been described in Radcliffe Hall s 
novel The Well of Loneliness, whose 
heroine, an active, virile type of 
woman, lives with a somewhat younger 
woman whom she controls in an au 
thoritarian manner. In this case the re 
lationship resembles a husband-wife 
partnership. 

Homosexuality among women is 
more often an individual occurrence 
involving only two partners. Lesbians 
do not form a world of their own as do 
their male counterparts, who have an 
institutionalized subculture with its 
own morals, newspapers, jargon, and 
meeting places. Male homosexuals see 
themselves as members of a minority 
group that is oppressed by a majority 
of heterosexuals, forcing them to take 
refuge in a clandestine contraculture. 

Social reaction 

Laws concerning homosexuality dif 
fer according to the sex involved. Most 
European countries continue to make 
a distinction between homosexuality in 
males and in females. In Austria, 
Greece, Finland, and Switzerland, def 
inite laws exist for homosexuality for 
both male and female. In the United 
States and Canada, homosexuality 
comes under the law that deals with 
sexual offences, which is applicable to 
both sexes. Rarely, however, is this 
law enforced for female offenders. 

Generally speaking, public opinion 
conforms to his legal attitude. It shows 
considerable indulgence toward homo 
sexuality in females and, as often as 
not, amused indifference. 

This legal difference reflects the fact 
that homosexuality in females is less 
obvious. Also, sexual contact involving 
the genital organs is less frequent 
among female homosexuals; conse 
quently, the authorities are inclined to 
take a less serious view of it. Since 
lesbians rarely change partners, they 
prostitute themselves infrequently. In 



stances of blackmail, indecent expo 
sure, murder, or assault and battery 
among lesbians are infrequent. 

Medical experience shows that les 
bians seldom become involved in con- 
flictive relationships and just as seldom 
consult a psychiatrist about their de 
viation. For all these reasons, homo 
sexuality in females is less well known 
than homosexuality in males. It follows 
that the aura of mystery surrounding 
lesbians has contributed to the public s 
attitude toward it. 

Etiology 

The possible causes of homosexual 
ity usually are discussed under these 
headings: 

1 . Genetic and endocrine factors. 

2. Psychological causes. 

3. Social determinants. 

Genetic and Endocrine Factors 

The consensus is that genetic and 
endocrine factors are of secondary 
importance in any examination of the 
genesis of homosexuality, except in 
very obvious cases of organic bisexual- 
ity (hermaphroditism) or of endocrine 
disturbances related to adrenal gland 
conditions. 

Freud believed that each individual 
has within him inherited male and 
female biological characteristics. This 
bisexual explanation has served as a 
theoretical basis to explain homosex 
uality. Although this hypothesis has 
not been discarded entirely, recent bio 
logical and genetic developments have 
served to discredit it. Homosexuality 
is now believed to be psychic in char 
acter. 

Allen argues that the theory of bi- 
sexuality is untenable, since homo 
sexuality is amenable to therapy; dis 
orders of genetic origin do not respond 
to psychotherapeutic treatment. Sandor 
Rado rejects the use of the term "bi- 
sexuality" to describe a lack of sexual 
differentiation of the embryo in its 
early stages of development. He prefers 
to speak of "bipotentiality of differen 
tiation," which means that the zygote 
is capable of masculine or feminine 
development. 9 

Psychological factors 
The main causes of homosexuality ap 
pear to be psychological. 

Following an extended study on 
male homosexuality, the Research 
Committee of the Society of Medical 
Psychoanalysis in the United States 
(which now is carrying out a long- 
term study on homosexuality in fe 
males), arrived at the following con 
clusion: "We assume that heterosex- 
uality is a biologic norm and that un 
less interfered with all individuals are 
heterosexual. Homosexuals do not by- 
THE CANADIAN NURSE 43 



pass heterosexual developmental phases 
and all remain potentially heterosex 
ual." 10 

This opinion confirms Rado s belief 
that male homosexual adaptation is a 
result of "hidden but incapacitating 
fears of the opposite sex." 11 In this 
respect, what is true of the male prob 
ably is true of the female. What, then, 
are the reasons for such retarded psy- 
chosexual development? 

Whether exponents of various the 
ories speak of homosexuality as a 
disturbance of the individual s rela 
tionship with his body (Merleau-Pon- 
ty), as a sexual response to abnormal 
stimuli (Rado), as an acquired be 
havior >(Perloff), or as a fixation of 
sexuality at an earlier state (psycho 
analysts), the fact remains that all, im 
plicitly or not, accept the theory that 
its beginnings can be traced to the 
individual s past experiences. 

Homosexuality is, then, a distur 
bance in the choice of the sexual object. 
Desire and sexual pleasure remain, but 
are directed toward a person of ident 
ical sex. In the Freudian view, the 
choice of the object is a three-stage 
process: 

1. In early life, sexual instinct (in 
the very broad sense of the word, ex 
cluding the genital order) is autoerotic, 
that is, the child selects himself as 
object. 

2. As the child acquires the ability 
to communicate with the outside world, 
he discovers an external object, his 
mother, who relieves his tensions by 
satisfying his needs. 

3. Finally, the individual selects the 
nature of the sexual object in terms of 
the genital order. Normally, the object 
chosen is of the opposite sex, which is 
recognized as the most appropriate 
means to relieve sexual tension. 

Within the female homosexual there 
appears to be a main causal factor that 
prevents the individual from progres 
sing to this third stage. This factor is 
anxiety, which inhibits the woman s 
capacity for stimulation by a hetero 
sexual object and forces her to seek 
compensation through a deviated pat 
tern of stimulation. 

Anxiety toward the opposite sex 
may originate in extremely varied ex 
periences, giving rise to a highly varied 
pattern of fear: fear of growing up and 
assuming adult responsibilities; fear of 
dominance and destruction through 
bodily penetration; and fear of mutil 
ation by pregnancy and childbirth. 
Homosexuality may be an expression 
of defiance of parents and society, or 
a desire to conquer and possess the 
domineering or rejecting mother by 
identifying her with the female lover. 12 
The presence of such fears suggests the 

44 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



existence of an unfavorable home en 
vironment with unsatisfactory sexual 
differentiation, both on the parents 
side and on the children s side. 1 * 

In its preliminary conclusions about 
female homosexuals, the Research 
Committee of the Society of Medical 
Psychoanalysis reports that it has been 
able to isolate a "typical father" and a 
"typical mother" of these patients. 14 
The typical father is inclined to be de 
tached, disinterested, and weak; the 
typical mother, on the other hand, 
often is a domineering individual who 
tends to encourage feelings of guilt in 
her daughter. The latter, in turn, is 
hostile to her mother; she is unable 
to turn to her father in whom she 
perceives nothing but weakness. 

We believe that the reverse situation 
domineering father, weak mother 
also may bring about homosexuality in 
the daughter. 

In many families, children are taught 
that sex is reprehensible and wicked 
and fraught with dangers in its conse 
quences for the daughter. This attitude 
may cause the daughter to deny the 
existence of heterosexuality or the 
parents to deny the possibility of homo 
sexual behavior in their daughter in 
spite of evidence to the contrary. 

Given such an atmosphere, it is not 
surprising that the daughter experi 
ences feelings of such acute anxiety 
toward the opposite sex that she sub 
merges her heterosexual tendencies and 
adapts a deviant behavior to avoid the 
"dangers" she attributes to the opposite 
sex. 

Social factors 

The very existence of homosexuality 
shows that sexual instincts are charac 
terized by a certain plasticity, and that 
cultural considerations help to shape 
sexual behavior. 

Romm notes that until quite recent 
ly a deprecatory attitude existed to 
ward the sexual role of women. 15 
Women were expected to submit to 
sexual intercourse, not through any 
personal desire or for reasons of per 
sonal pleasure, but to afford pleasure 
to the male. Subsequently, reference 
readily was made to female masochism; 
the basic tenet in this instance being 
that this was a fact of nature rather 
than a fact of culture. 

Finally, too little recognition has 
been given to the fact that sexual 
morality and legislation, which are two 
forms of social reaction, both take a 
far less serious view of lesbianism than 
of male homosexuality. On the other 
hand, society is far less tolerant of the 
woman who engages in illicit hetero 
sexual behavior that it is of the man. 
The fact that morality and legislation 
have been, up to now, mostly deter 



mined by males, suggests that this con 
tradictory system or double moral and 
social standard is directed to safe 
guard a certain type of male suprem 
acy; this might explain society s indif 
ference to what women do when left 
to themselves. This indifference has 
important consequences in the treat 
ment of female homosexuality and on 
its frequency. 

Treatment 

Female homosexuals usually experi 
ence less guilt feelings than the male 
homosexual. Related paranoidal reac 
tions are less frequent in females, sug 
gesting an explanation for their lack 
of concern, compared to males, about 
seeking a cure for their condition. Al 
so, women are less hesitant about 
abandoning psychotherapy that is de 
signed to help them become hetero 
sexual. 

For those women who persevere 
with treatment, the results are as satis 
factory as they are for men. The treat 
ment is not limited specifically to the 
deviation, however, since the patient 
frequently has a neurosis with the at 
tendant problem of poor interpersonal 
relations. Thus, it is essential to base 
treatment on the total personality, not 
just on the sexual deviation. 

References 

1. Eck, M. Sodome, essai sur I homosexua- 
lile. Paris, Fayard, 1966, p. 13. 

2. Ibid., p. 30. 

3. Caprio, F. S. L homosexualite de la fem- 
me. Paris, Payot, 1957. 

4. Ellis, H. Studies in the Psychology of 
Sex, vol. 2. New York, Boni, 1936. 

5. Hamilton, D. M. Some aspects of homo 
sexuality in relation to total personality 
development. Psych. Quar. no. 13, 1939, 
p. 229-44. 

6. Davis, K. B. Factors in Sex Life of 2200 
Women. New York, Harper, 1929. 

7. Landis, C. Sex in Development. New 
York, Harper. 1940. 

8. Kinsey, A. C. el al. Sexual Behavior in 
the Human Female. Philadelphia, Saun- 
ders, 1953. 

9. Rado, S. A critical examination of the 
concept of bisexuality. Sexual Inversion, 
ed. J. Marmor. New York, Basic Book, 
1965. 

10. Wilbur, Cornelia B. Clinical aspects of 
female homosexuality. Sexual Inversion, 
ed. J. Marmor. New York, Basic Book, 
1965, p. 268. 

11. Ibid. 

12. Romm, May E. Sexuality and homosex 
uality in women. Sexual Inversion, ed. 

J. Marmor. New York, Basic Book, 
1965. 

13. Eck, op. cit p. 13. 

14. Wilbur, C. op. cit. p. 275. 

15. Romm, op. cit. p. 282. fj 

DECEMBER 1967 










Employee health service 

Patients, administration, staff everybody benefits when employees are healthy, 
happy, and on the job. 



The patient is the most important 
person and all services should con 
tribute to his care. Health services 
for employees do -- by keeping staff 
healthy, and at the patient s bedside. 
The patient is not the only benefac 
tor. 

For years, employers have been 
concerned about health of employees 
as a matter of dollars and cents. 
Most large stores and manufacturing 
plants employ occupational health 
nurses to help reduce absenteeism, 
improve job performance, and reduce 
overhead costs. Employees have re 
cognized that not all benefits of the 
health service go to the employer. 
Workers, too, reap benefits from con 
trol of hazards to health or safety, 
prompt treatment, and continuing care 
of ailments, proper job placement, 
counseling on health matters, promo 
tion of health education, and reduc 
tion in cost of insurance and medical 
care plans. 

Hospital administration, even in 
large institutions employing hundreds 
of persons, have been slow to estab 
lish employee health services. Re 
quests from nursing associations and 
the demands of unions of non-profes 
sional hospital workers have brought 
pressure on hospitals to establish em 
ployee health services. 

Introducing a health service 

In introducing a health service for 
hospital employees, one must first 
survey the overall initial need. Guid- 

DECEMBER 1967 



Norma McNaughton 

ance in developing the program may 
be obtained from the nursing con 
sultants in occupational health in 
both the federal and provincial gov 
ernments. A very useful pamphlet is 
Guiding Principles for an Occupation 
al Health Program in Hospital Em 
ployee Group, prepared jointly by the 
American Hospital and American 
Medical Associations. 

Local hospitals, the Metropolitan 
Life Insurance Company, and the 
Civil Service Health Division also 
provide help and encouragement in 
setting up a new program. However, 
each health service must set up its 
own methods of conduct and estab 
lish its own standards according to 
the available facilities and the needs 
of the employees. 

Facilities vary from a filing cab 
inet in a clothes closet and corridor 
consultations to a lavish clinic room 
and big office for personal interviews. 
One southern Ontario hospital is 
functioning successfully with a small 
basement office that has an even 
smaller area for treatments so suc 
cessfully in fact that when the new 
wing now under construction is com 
pleted, a new large easily-accessahle 
health service area, consisting of a 
joint waiting room and secretary s of 
fice, a treatment room, a nurse s of 
fice, a rest room with comfortable 
bed, a bathroom, and a large storage 
closet, will be available. 

Miss McNaughton is Health Nurse at the 
Riverside Hospital of Ottawa, Ontario. 



Health is a personal responsibility 

Basically, an employee s health is 
his own responsibility. An employee 
health service is not intended to sup 
ersede this responsibility nor to take 
the place of a family doctor. First 
aid may be given for minor disorders 
for which the employee would not 
reasonably be expected to seek the 
attention of a personal physician, and 
palliative treatment for minor injuries 
or illnesses can be given to enable 
the individual to complete the current 
work shift before consulting his own 
doctor. 

Most hospitals do not employ a 
physician for the health service, but 
rely on doctors on call in the emer 
gency department to care for the 
needs of the employee. In most hos 
pitals, employees have some type of 
insurance that pays for visits to a 
doctor s office; if medical insurance is 
not available, a policy that defines 
how costs will be met should be es 
tablished. 

Although health is a personal res 
ponsibility, hospital workers have re 
strictions. Certain health practices 
such as pre-employment physicals 
may be required by hospital policy; 
others such as yearly stool cultures 
for all food handlers - - are provin 
cial legal requirements. The health 
service helps the employee to comply 
with the regulations and policies. 

Prevention of illness 

In Ontario, Regulation 523 of the 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 45 



Public Hospitals Act concerns hos 
pital management. This Act states 
that any food handler must have a 
physical examination and stool exam 
ination and culture within seven days 
of the commencement of his employ 
ment and annually thereafter. An an 
nual physical examination of student 
nurses, graduate nurses, and register 
ed nursing assistants is also a re 
quirement. Within 14 days of his em 
ployment, every hospital employee 
must receive an intradermal tubercu 
lin test and x-ray film of his chest. 
Each province has its own regulations 
and the employee health service helps 
both hospital and employee to meet 
these. 

At Riverside Hospital, all food 
handlers, nurses, nursing assistants, 
and orderlies have annual physical 
examinations. These are done by their 
own family doctor on a form provid 
ed by the hospital or by the doctor 
on duty in the emergency department. 
All other employees have a health 
appraisal. The health nurse keeps a 
record of their past illnesses, injuries, 
operations, medications, allergies or 
sensitivities, and reviews their general 
physical appearance, height, weight, 
blood pressure, vision, and hearing. 
This health review provides employ 
ees with an opportunity to become 
familiar with the health service pro 
gram. 

The health service is also respon 
sible for the tuberculosis control pro 
gram. This program has two purp 
oses: prevention of infection, and 
early detection of infection of indivi 
duals. All patients have an admission 
chest film; all new employees must 
have one also. In addition, employees 
receive an intradermal tuberculin test 
unless they are known to be positive 
reactors. All positive reactors have an 
annual chest x-ray. The negative re 
actors in contact with patients must 
have the Mantoux test every six 
months. Negative reactors among 
clerical staff and other employees not 
in close contact with patients have 
the Mantoux yearly. An employee 
who converts from a negative reactor 
to a positive reactor will have a chest 
x-ray immediately, and then every 
three months for a year, every six 
months the next year, and then an- 

46 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



nually. He will be referred for pro 
phylactic treatment at the time of 
conversion. There are no restrictions 
preventing an employee from being 
employed in a hospital when his 
tuberculosis is inactive. 

Health teaching 

Even counting lacerations, burns, 
and back injuries, the hospital em 
ployee faces less accident hazards 
than the one in industry; but he is 
more exposed to infection. Personnel 
must be educated to realize the impor 
tance of good health practices in keep 
ing up resistance to infection. All em 
ployees should know the importance 
of reporting infections promptly. 

All employees leaving work because 
of illness and returning to work fol 
lowing illness should report to the em 
ployee health service. This practice 
safeguards patients and co-workers 
and assists in the control of commun 
icable diseases. 

Health education appropriately goes 
hand in hand with safety education. 
Safety education should teach safe 
work practices, such as proper lifting 
and the use of available equipment 
and protection against infection. 

The health service nurse will do 
much health teaching on an individual 
basis. She also might participate in 
some group teaching on topics such as 
infection control or accident preven 
tion. 

Elimination of hazards 

A program that focuses attention 
only on cure, or only on prevention 
and treatment of diseases, will waste 
dollars, hours, and energy in "picking 
up the pieces" after health accidents 
that need not have occurred. The 
health nurse is concerned with preven 
tion of illness through promotion of 
health and health teaching, but equal 
ly important, she can help prevent ac 
cidents and illnesses by elimination of 
hazards. 

For example, if housekeeping and 
maintenance staff are coming to the 
health service with small puncture 
wounds received when emptying garb 
age, the health service nurse would 
check on this recurring accident. She 
might find that such wounds are caus 
ed by disposable needles and scalpel 



blades. She would then recommend a 
safer means of discarding these, such 
as small tin cans kept on the medica 
tion and treatment cupboards for safe 
disposal. 

Treatment 

Treatment for minor accidents, such 
as small burns, scratches, headaches, 
may be referred through the health 
service. Other treatment can be car 
ried out in the emergency department 
under the supervision of the house 
doctor, or, when necessary, the pa 
tient s own doctor. 

The health service nurse usually has 
responsibility for filling out workmen s 
compensation forms, and so must be 
notified of all on-the-job injuries. 

Counseling and "just listening" oc 
cupy a good percentage of the health 
nurse s time. The health service nurse 
must be prepared to maintain a fair, 
objective, neutral attitude regarding 
work problems as many of the prob 
lems involve her dual responsibility to 
employee and management. 

Home visits 

As a service to the employees, and 
as an indication that the hospital is 
interested in the total welfare of its 
staff, home visits may be made to staff 
members who are off duty because of 
illness. In planning the work, an ef 
fort is made to give priority to the 
people who seem most in need of the 
nurse s visit. This priority list will in 
clude: employees requesting a visit; 
requests from a department head when 
he has reason to be concerned about 
an employee; persons with a chronic 
medical problem; and employees liv 
ing alone, or new to the city. 

Home visits often reveal problems 
other than illness that have caused 
absence from duty. For example, a 
woman may not report for duty because 
her alcoholic husband has beaten her, 
or a man may need to remain with 
the children if his wife is ill. In situa 
tions such as these it often is possible 
to assist in arranging referrals to vari 
ous community agencies. 

Inside and outside hospital, health 
rather than sickness should be of 
prime importance. Q] 



DECEMBER 1967 



Expectation - 
its role in nursing home care 



For patients in some nursing homes, "living" is nothing more than mere physical 
existence. Putting the "life" back into living should be a major concern of nurses. 



Patients in nursing homes usually 
are at a psychological disadvantage. 
They have suffered heavy losses in 
physical health; in social position; and 
in meaningful roles within their fam 
ilies, among their friends, and in the 
community. They have had to cope 
with these losses and adjust to them. 

Frequently, the end result of these 
losses is a decline in self-esteem, and, 
ultimately, a decline in self-confi 
dence. These are the most difficult 
losses of all, since without them the 
person has no purpose in life. For 
him, life is without value. 

The nurse who cares for such a pa 
tient faces a difficult problem: how 
can she help him if he is disinterested 
in life? As a beginning, she can get to 
know and understand him. 

Begin with understanding 

To understand her patient, the nurse 
first must understand herself. What 
gives her self-esteem? What puts 
meaning and value into her own life? 

Is it not the belief that she has 
something to offer others, something 
that commands respect? Is it not get 
ting up in the morning knowing that 
she has a meaningful task to perform, 
or finding that she can master some 
thing she feared she could not and 
receiving attention for it? 

To be of help to the patient, the 
nurse must realize that life degener 
ates into mere physical existence when 
what we have within us is not wanted 
or needed by others; when we get up 
in the morning knowing that no one is 
counting upon us for anything; when 
the opposite sex couldn t care less 
whether we are around or not; when 

DECEMBER 1967 



Walter Lyons 

life holds no challenge, however, 
small; and when every day is as pre 
dictable as the setting and rising sun. 

Capacity for stress 

The human personality, like the 
human body, is constructed to be 
used. We know that the body, unused, 
atrophies and shrivels; it retains its 
vitality only as it is subjected to stress 
not overstress, but stress appro 
priate to its condition. We also know 
that the capacity for stress increases 
with proper usage. The aging process 
eventually will reduce this capacity, 
but only disease and death will elim 
inate it. 

So it is with the personality. It 
flourishes with stress that it is able 
to handle, but withers with too little 
stress, or is crushed with overstress. 
Since age decreases the capacity for 
stress, a certain amount of withdraw 
al must follow; however, only disease 
and death can eliminate this capacity. 

A normal amount of stress, in the 
form of "expectation," is needed for 
all persons; those in nursing homes 
are no exception. Without this "ex 
pectation," only physical existence is 
possible. 

Discussion needed 

The nurse should encourage each 
patient to take as much responsibility 
for his own care as possible. This 
means she will need more than a 
cheery disposition and a good humor. 



Mr. Lyons is Associate Administrator of 
the Jewish Home for the Aged, Toronto. 



She needs time to sit down and dis 
cuss things with him. 

What things? Real things: the at 
tempts he makes at self-care; whether 
or not he dresses and grooms himself; 
what he reads; whether he truly enjoys 
his food and what other foods he 
would like; and whether he would 
like to get acquainted with other pa 
tients. 

What things? The news, the life in 
a nursing home, his family, his joys 
and his sorrows. If his conversation 
becomes more repetitive and boring 
than his capacity warrants, he should 
be told so; other topics of conversa 
tion can be suggested. With encourage 
ment he can learn to listen as well 
as to talk, to weigh before he rejects, 
to think and learn, not to stay isolated. 

All of this activity creates expec 
tation. A standard is set, and a value 
system is there to be lived up to. To 
successfully create such expectation, 
the staff must be conscious of their 
own values and biases. If biases are 
known and acknowledged they can 
be pushed to the background, and 
values and expectations that encour 
age patients to be active must be 
stressed. 

Time is scarce 

The nurse who provides expecta 
tion will be busy, but not with a dull, 
predictable routine. And perhaps she 
will have more time to spend on nurs 
ing rather than on tasks that patients 
could learn to do themselves with pa 
tience and encouragement. More im 
portant, her efforts may result in hap 
pier patients, who demand less time 
and attention. Q 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 47 



Facts about 
Nursing 
In Canada 



Can we afford 
small schools? 



A study conducted by the National 
League for Nursing* on the cost of diplo 
ma programs in the United States revea 
led that the cost of preparing nurses in 
these programs varied significantly with 
the size of the student enrollment in the 
school. 

In this study, schools were classified as 
small (having enrollments of 69 or less), 
medium (70-119), and large (120 or 
more). Costs of both educational and non- 
educational functions were investigated. 
Included in educational functions were 
"provisions for nursing students instruc 
tional program and counseling, separate 
libraries for nursing students, and the 
keeping of educational records." Non- 
educational functions included "provision 
for nursing students housing, meals, 
laundry and recreation, and separate 
health services for nursing students." 

Among the conclusions drawn from the 
study was the fact that small schools - 
those with enrollments of 69 or less 
were appreciably more expensive to oper 
ate, in terms of cost per student, than 



medium and large schools. Whereas the 
median costs per student per week in the 
latter two groups were $54.17 and 
$54.44, respectively, and thus differed by 
only 27 cents, the median cost in the 
small schools was $70.63 per student per 
week, representing an additional amount 
over the average cost of the medium and 
large schools of $16.32. 

What deductions can be made if the 
results of this cost study are hypothetical- 
ly applied to Canadian diploma schools? 

As can be seen in the pie graphs below, 
33 Canadian diploma schools (19% of 
the total) had enrollments in 1966 of 69 
or less, 63 (36%) had enrollments of 70- 
119, and 77 (45%) had enrollments of 
120 or more. A total of 1,693 students 
(7% of all diploma school students) were 
enrolled in the small schools, 5,686 
(24%) were enrolled in the medium-size 
schools, and 16,552 (69%) in the large 
schools. 

When the cost differential of $16.32 
per week is applied to each of the 1,693 
students enrolled in the small schools, the 



calculation reveals that the small schools 
bore a total incremental cost of $27,630 
per week because of their small enroll 
ments. 

Averaging this cost of $27,630 among 
the 33 small schools shows that each 
school bore a cost of more than $837 per 
week, or $43,524 per year, which would 
have been unnecessary if the students en 
rolled in these schools had been enrolled, 
instead, in medium or large schools. 

The magnitude of the expense of pre 
paring nurses in small schools becomes 
even clearer when viewed as an annual 
cost incurred by 33 small schools for only 
7% of all student nurses the amount 
is greater than $1,436,292! 

Is this a wise investment of our educa 
tional dollars? 



* Harold R. Rowe, and Hessel H. Flit 
ter, Study on Cost of Nursing Education 
Part 1: Cost of Basic Diploma 
Courses, New York, National League for 
Nursing, 1964. 



Diploma Schools in Canada, by Size of Student Enrollment, 1966 



Number of Small, Medium 

and Large Schools 

(Total = 173) 



Number of Students 

in Small, Medium and Large Schools 

(Total = 23,931) 




Key to Schools 
by Size of Student 
Enrollment: 

Small 

(69 or less) 



Medium 
(70-119) 



Large 

(120 or more) 

Source: Research 
Unit, Canadian 
Nurses Association, 
1967 



48 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



research abstracts 



Hendersen, Jane., 4 study of the relation 
ship between a nurse s knowledge of phys 
iological principles and her performance 
of a specific technical procedure. Mon 
treal, 1967. Research Project (M.Sc.(A)) 
McGill University. 

This study examines the relationship be 
tween a nurse s knowledge of physiological 
principles and her performance of a related 
technical procedure. 

The study, exploratory in type, was car 
ried out in a general teaching hospital. One 
procedure, oxygen inhalation therapy, was 
selected as a focus. The procedure was di 
vided into six steps. Each step was an ob 
servable act that rested on a physiological 
principle. Criteria for measuring correct and 
incorrect performance and criteria for asses 
sing correct and incorrect knowledge were 
established for each step. 

Forty subjects were selected from the reg 
istered nurses employed by the hospital. 
Relevant data were collected by the tech 
niques of interview and observation. The 
significance of the data was tested using 
the chi-square test. 

A significant association between know 
ledge and performance was found. 



Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the di- 
versional activity of painting-by -number 
on cardiac output. Boston, 1966. Thesis 
(M.S.) Boston University. 

The study was designed to find the effect 
of painting-by-number on cardiac output. A 
review of the literature showed that bed 
rest is ordered to minimize cardiac output, 
a parameter that varies directly with energy 
requirement. Both physical and mental rest 
are important, since the presence of anxiety 
increases cardiac output. Diversion is a 
human need that has an anxiety-reducing 
function. Criteria are needed to guide the 
nurse in providing forms of diversion, con 
sistent with the medical plan of care. 

The 15 subjects, who were students of 
nursing, painted-by-number on two differ 
ent days. On one day, the arms were sup 
ported; on the other, no support was given. 

Measurements of blood pressure and pulse 
rate were obtained after periods of initial 
rest, 15 minutes of activity, 30 minutes of 
activity, and terminal rest. Starr s formula 
was used to estimate cardiac output. In 
addition, the pulse rate was considered as a 
separate parameter. 

The major conclusion was that painting- 
by-number is an acceptable form of diver- 

DECEMBER 1967 



sion for patients on bed rest. The activity 
caused a decrease in cardiac output, which 
was greater when arms were supported. 
Because the rest period did not seem to 
be enjoyed, an increase during that period 
may have caused an overall decrease during 
activity. 

The difference in the pulse rate between 
rest and activity were low positive values, 
which may have been more accurate indi 
cators. In comparing the first and second 
day, the negative change in cardiac output 
was greater on the latter, indicating that 
experience affected the results. 

Recommendations included the use of 
a larger sample and more refined methods 
of measuring parameters to find if 1. 
healthy adults increase their cardiac output 
during required rest; and 2. diversion causes 
less increase in cardiac output in individuals 
with high anxiety than low anxiety. It was 
also recommended that cardiac output be 
calculated for patients beginning new activi 
ties. 



Gareau, Olivette.,4 study of the congruency 
among the expectations of the head nurse, 
the medical officer, and the staff nurses 
for the role of the head nurse and the re 
lation of the congruency of these expec 
tations to acceptance of the head nurse s 
role. Montreal, 1967. Research Project 
(M.Sc.(A)) McGill University. 

This study examined the relationships be 
tween the congruency of expectations held 
by the head nurse, the medical officer, and 
the staff nurses for the role functions of 
the head nurse and for the extent to which 
they accept the head nurse. 

It was hypothesized that high congruency 
among the expectations held by the three 
groups would lead to high acceptance of the 
role of the head nurse. Two variables were 
tested for the purpose of the study: the in 
dependent variable congruency of role- 
expectations; and the dependent variable 
acceptance of this role. 

Twenty-one health units in one province 
provided the setting for the study and the 
population included in the study consisted 
of medical officers, head nurses, and staff 
nurses working in these health units. 

A questionnaire was developed to collect 
relevant data for role expectations; 232 of 
these questionnaires were sent by mail and 
195 were returned. 

Four criterion variables were used to 
measure acceptance of the role of the head 
nurse: 1. number of complaints related to 
the performance of the head nurse s role; 



2. number of conflicts caused by the per 
formance of this role by the head nurse; 

3. prevailing tone in the health unit; 4. 
possibility of achievement by the head nurse. 

Eight regional medical officers rated the 
acceptance of the role of the head nurse. 

A one-way analysis of variance was the 
statistic used to analyze the data collected 
for role expectations. The F-test score was 
used to measure the degree of congruency 
among the expectations. The chi-square test 
was used to test the relationship between 
the two variables. The hypothesis was not 
supported. 



Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans .)A study to ex 
plore the effect of a planned, pre-opera- 
tive nursing visit, with postoperative rein 
forcement, on the amount of analgesic 
used postoperatively by cholecystectomy 
patients. Seattle, 1966. Thesis (M.N.) Uni 
versity of Washington. 

This experimental study was done to: 

1. explore the effect of a planned, preoper- 
ative nursing visit, with postoperative rein 
forcement, on the amount of analgesic used 
postoperatively by cholecystectomy patients; 

2. note pre- and postoperative anxiety be 
haviors to ascertain the possibility of a re 
lationship between these and narcotic intake. 

Methods for data collection included: par 
ticipant and non-participant observation, 
questionnaire, checklist, and interview. Six 
teen female patients scheduled for cholecys- 
tectomies comprised the study population. 

Findings showed that experimental pa 
tients used less narcotics, exhibited fewer 
anxiety behaviors, and verbalized positively 
about surgery oftener than control patients. 
Both groups received most narcotics in the 
evening for wound pain. Most of these were 
given at bedtime. The control group receiv 
ed more narcotics for anxiety than the ex 
perimental group. Nurses initiated more 
narcotic administrations to the experimental 
group, while control patients requested 
more narcotics. 

Physician and nurse expectations for nar 
cotic intake were higher than cited by the 
literature. Most control patients were within 
or above these expectations; most experi 
mental patients were below. 

Preoperative verbalizations indicated lack 
of and desire for information, presence of 
misconceptions and anxiety regarding surgery 
and appreciation for the visit. Postopera 
tive verbalizations indicated that the visit had 
promoted earlier independence following sur 
gery and had provided reassurance. 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 49 



books 



A History of the International Council 
of Nurses 1899 - 1964. The First Sixty- 
Five Years, by Daisy Caroline Bridges. 
254 pages. Toronto and Philadelphia, 
J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967. 
Reviewed by Miss Margaret E. Kerr, 
Vancouver, B.C., former Editor of The 
Canadian Nurse. 

Daisy Caroline Bridges has succeeded in 
bringing alive an exceedingly interesting and 
exciting account of the interactions in hu 
man relationships of people being and 
doing that are the mark of the organiza 
tion known to us all as the International 
Council of Nurses. Miss Bridges has done a 
great service to nursing throughout the 
world by producing this clear and compel 
ling dramatic account of the evolution and 
growth of the Council. It was a gigantic 
task to condense 65 years of activity into 
227 pages, plus seven concise appendices, 

The prologue to this drama depicts a mar 
ried nurse with a strong sense of profession 
al responsibility, Mrs. Ethel Gordon Bed 
ford Fenwick. She had become very inter 
ested in the program for the advancement of 
women proposed in 1888 by an American 
organization. When the International Coun 
cil of Women held its congress in London 
in 1899, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick was appoin 
ted chairman of a "Professions Sectional 
Committee." This group s function was to 
organize special groups in a wide variety of 
professions and interests. What an opportun 
ity for a woman who was a born organizer! 
Quite understandably, one of the proposed 
sections was "Nursing." From this promis 
ing beginning evolved our mammoth Inter 
national Association of over 800,000 mem 
bers in more than 60 countries. 

Between its inception and the first Con 
gress in 1904, a constitution was prepared. 
The objectives that were adopted are still ap 
propriate: self-government by nurses in their 
associations; raising ever higher the stand 
ard of education, professional ethics, and 
public usefulness of the members. The im 
portance of communication among nurses of 
different nationalities was recognized. Fre 
quent social intermingling at the Congresses 
and the development of the "interchange of 
nurses" programs are proof of the value of 
this aspect of the whole program. 

Miss Bridges chose to place her chapters 
in chronological order. Thus, it is easier to 
identify the international developments with 
counterparts in our national association. The 
early demand for recognition of well-qua 
lified nurses through examination and reg- 

50 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



istration, although opposed by the pioneer 
leader in nursing, Florence Nightingale, 
made possible a standard for membership 
that is still effective. 

The history reflects clearly the stead 
fastness and quality of the leaders in ICN. 
Two devastating world wars weakened but 
failed to destroy the organization. Since the 
Council s activity was restored to full 
throttle in 1947, the record of achievement 
has been outstanding. 

Many hundreds of Canadian nurses have 
participated in the ICN Congresses. These 
people will enjoy re-living the grand open 
ings, the varous addresses, the group discus 
sions, and the social affairs. Nurses who 
have never attended a Congress will have a 
superb opportunity when the next Congress 
convenes in Montreal in 1969. They will 
understand more of the doings if they have 
done some preparatory homework by read 
ing this book. This applies equally to those 
who are currently enrolled as student nurses. 
After all, we have all been members of the 
International Council of Nurses since 1909! 

Public Image of Mental Health Services 

by Jack Elinson, Elena Padilla, and Mar 
vin Perkins. 304 pages. New York, Men 
tal Health Center, 1967. 
Reviewed by Dr. S. R. Laycock, formerly 
Dean of Education and member of the 
faculty of the School of Nursing, Univer 
sity of Saskatchewan. 

The public opinion survey reported in 
this book was a joint project of the Colum 
bia University School of Public Health and 
Administrative Medicine and the New York 
City Community Health Board. It was car 
ried out in 1963 in the five boroughs of 
New York City, using 100 selected inter 
viewers, and covering over 2500 adults 
chosen by probability sampling techniques. 

Part one of this book deals with the 
public s experience with aid for the men 
tally ill, the public image of mental health 
facilities, the public s views of the newer 
kinds of treatment and rehabilitation ser 
vices, and the nature of popular concepts 
of mental illness. Part two consists of the 
population, socioeconomic and educational 
characteristics of New York City adults, 
appraisals of their own health habits and 
health-related habits (smoking, drinking, 
self-medication), political and religious af 
filiations, community participation, and per 
sonal social values. 

The report indicates that although many 
traditional attitudes exist toward mental 



health, the public to a large degree has ac 
cepted the modern point of view of the 
nature of mental illness and its treatment. 

Examples of the findings listed in the 
report are revealing: 69 percent of those 
interviewed believe that mental illness is an 
illness like any other; 77 percent think that, 
unlike physical illness which makes people 
sympathetic, mental illness repels, though 
only 16 percent admit being repelled by 
mentally-ill persons themselves. 

Public health administrators and research 
personnel will be interested in the book 
as a whole. Nurses public health nurses 
in particular and intelligent laymen are 
directed to the first 47 pages. These pages, 
summarizing many of the survey s findings, 
might well form the basis of a popular 
booklet. Such a publication would have an 
appeal to a wide audience whose members 
might be led to reassess their own attitudes 
toward mental illness and mental health 
services. 

Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology 

by Charlotte M. Dienhart, Ph.D. 247 
pages. A W.B. Saunders publication, 
available in Canada from McAinsh Co. 
Ltd., Toronto and Vancouver. 
Reviewed by Miss Shirley Orr, Senior In 
structor, The Wellesley Hospital, Toronto, 
On,. 

This book has been written primarily for 
two groups of students. First, to perform 
their duties intelligently, paramedical per 
sonnel need a clear understanding of the 
principles of the human body. Second, ele 
mentary and secondary teachers need a 
fundamental background in human biology. 

Anyone who needs a brief review of the 
material can use this book for a quick re 
ference. Presentation is simple, readable, 
concise, and systematic. The terminology is 
well-defined. The illustrations are effective 
and clarify the written material. Summaries 
and review questions appear at the end of 
each chapter. 

The text describes anatomical features ad 
equately; however, it lacks physiological ex 
planation. The nursing student must study 
physiology as a basis and background to 
determine appropriate nursing care. 

Details of how physiological processes oc 
cur are not included, yet the effects of the 
processes mentioned are touched upon. A 
brief description of the chemical changes in 
a muscle during contraction is worthy of 
mention. 

The chapters on the nervous, digestive, 
DECEMBER 1967 



and respiratory systems contain the best ma 
terial in the text. These chapters would be 
helpful to the beginning nursing student. 

Unfortunately the short discussion on 
water balance is elementary, whereas the ap 
proach in the chapter on endocrinology is 
clinical, with stress upon hyper- and hypo- 
glandular function. Features of disease en 
tities, rather than the normal function of 
hormones, are emphasized. 

The glossary is adequate for the text and 
the index is complete. Specific suggested re 
ferences to serve as resource material are 
needed. 

This text is a potential aid for those with 
limited understanding of human structure 
and function. 



13th ed., by C.E. Turner, A.M., Ed.M., 

D.Sc. 448 pages. Saint Louis, Mosby, 

1967. 

Reviewed by Sisler Immaculata, Director 

of Nursing, St. Joseph s General Hospital, 

Estevan, Sask. 

This book has been presented in a man 
ner easily understood by a lay person. It is 
fairly well presented and would be of bene 
fit to nurses assistants, nurses aides, and 
orderlies. However, there is not enough 
depth for graduate or student nurses. 

The organization of the book is effective. 
The individual is studied first; the effects of 
society on him are examined; and the suc 
cessive stages of adulthood, marriage, and 
family rearing are traced. 

The study of reproduction and heredity 
is easy to understand. However, more depth 
in the study of mental disorders caused by 
heredity would be desirable for a student or 
registered nurse. 

The examination of diet therapy is good. 
The human anatomy color plates effectively 
portray the exact position of various organs 
in the body. 

More examples of body mechanics would 
be helpful, as nursing is centered around 
the lifting, turning, and positioning of the 
patient. 



edited by Vin 
cent Edmunds, M.D., M.R.C.P., and C. 
Gordon Scorer, M.D., F.R.C.S. 200 pages. 
Edinburgh and London, E. & S. Living 
stone Ltd., 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Ruth E. May, Lecturer, 
School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, 
Halifax, N.S. 

In this era of intense preoccupation with 
technological advance, it is heartening to 
encounter this little book. Designed to pre 
sent the findings of a medical discussion 
group, it scrutinizes many of the ethical 
problems confronting today s medical prac 
titioner. Using the basic tenets of the Chris 
tian faith as the frame of reference, the re 
levance of historic Christian attitudes to 
(Continued on page 52) 

DECEMBER 1967 



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THE CANADIAN NURSE 51 



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books 



(Continued from page 51) 

present-day medical practice is reaffirmed. 

New knowledge has given today s doctor 
control over many medical phenomena 
formerly outside his sphere of influence. Be 
cause present-day team medicine has great 
ly affected the traditional patient-doctor 
relationship, the authors believe that there is 
an urgent need to re-examine the position 
of the Christian within the medical profes 
sion. Although the viewpoints expressed re 
flect the British medical-social picture, the 
discussion is pertinent for Canadians as 
well. 

The book contains 12 chapters written by 
separate authors. Several consider basic phi 
losophic issues, such as the nature of re 
sponsibility and the nature of man himself. 
The "no-man s land" that lies between med 
icine, law, and the church is explored and 
the problems considered are related to the 
practice of medicine. 

Problems concerning the preservation of 
life are discussed. Abortion, the mainten 
ance of physical existence in the presence 
of incurable disease, and contraception from 
both a personal and a nation-wide point of 
view are considered. Three chapters deal 
with the concept of responsibility in pre 
ventive medicine, psychiatric treatment, and 
clinical research. There is a discussion of the 
nature of social aberration (sin, crime, and 
disease) and further elaboration on two of 
these aberrations, alcoholism and drug ad 
diction. 

Further reference material is included at 
the end of each chapter, and specific Chris 
tian concepts are supported by Biblical re 
ferences. An adequate index is provided. The 
overall tone of the book is warm and com 
passionate, and the style is eminently read 
able throughout. 

At the end of most sections is a recapitu 
lation of the foregoing discussion and an 
attempt to offer a constructive approach 
which, the authors believe, would be con 
sistent with their Christian beliefs. 

I recommend this book to those who are 
concerned with a thoughtful approach to 
medical ethics in our day. 

Medical -Surgical Nursing, 4th ed., by 
Kathleen Newton Shafer, Janet R. Saw 
yer, Audrey M. McCluskey, and Edna 
Lifgren Beck. 1009 pages. St. Louis, Mos- 
by, 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Helen Nightingale, Su 
pervisor, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 
Toronto, Ont. 

This ambitious book touches on a large 
number of nursing situations and incorpor 
ates the patient s physical, sociological, psy 
chological, and medical background. Nurs 
ing of persons of all ages is discussed and 



Next Month 
in 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

measles protection for 11,047 



prenatal classes for unwed 
mothers 



infection control nurse 




Photo credits for 
December 



Graetz Bros. Ltd., Montreal, p. 9 

Dominion-Wide, Ottawa, 
pp. 18, 19, 31 

Manotick Photo Service, 
Manotick, Ont., p. 45 

Roy Nicholls, Willowdale, Ont., 
pp. 38, 39, 40 

Ashley & Crippen, Toronto, p. 37 
Graham Bezant, Toronto, p. 9 
C. Marcil, Ottawa, p. 19 



52 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



books 



is extended to the resources of the home 
and community that aid in the health of the 
patient. This assumes some sophistication 
on the part of the student nurse in the so 
cial and physical sciences. To help the stu 
dent attain knowledge and understanding of 
all aspects of the patient s life, a broad 
"Patient Information Guide for the Nurse" 
is included. Where more detailed informa 
tion is required, long bibliographies are 
provided at the end of each chapter. 

The general nursing care of patients with 
many different conditions is discussed. Fa 
cets of the individual s life, as well as his 
pathology, are included. Nursing care in 
specific medical and surgical conditions, 
again including the patient s psycho-social 
background, also are discussed at length. 

The health teaching responsibility is re 
iterated. However, methods of teaching pa 
tients are not discussed in enough detail; 
student nurses need to know how to teach 
as well as what to teach. Prevention is 
stressed, but not expanded enough to in 
clude, for example, the numerous hazards in 
hospitals that are increasing injuries to pa 
tients, personnel, and visitors. The chapter 
on continuing care touches too superficially 
on the increasing numbers of long-term pa 
tients in our society; more discussion would 
have been appropriate in this area, especial 
ly regarding posture, positioning, and body 
mechanics. Increased involvement of nurses 
in litigation suggests that more information 
on the legal aspects of nursing must be 
given to the nurse than is presented in this 
book. 

Although the text has an American orient 
ation, it has implications for Canadian 
nursing; there may be statistical differences, 
but the nursing problems are similar. In 
general, this is an excellent text for the 
more senior student nurse, and provides a 
quick, up-to-date reference for the graduate. 
On the whole, the authors have achieved 
their purpose in presenting complete nursing 
care of the patient as an individual. 

Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Individu 
als ( Handbook of Care for Nurses) 
by Judith R. Krenzel, R.N. and Lois M. 
Rohrer, R.N. 60 pages. Chicago, The Na 
tional Paraplegia Foundation, 1966. 
Reviewed by Miss M.M. MacDonald, 
R.N., Director of Nursing, Lyndhurst 
Lodge Hospital, Toronto, Ont. 

Various methods for healing pressure 
areas are described in this handbook. The 
prevention of decubiti by the education of 
the patient and by a daily examination of 
the patient s skin is stressed. 

A high-low electric bed is described in 
the handbook. Such a bed may be desirable, 
but it is not essential and the cost is prohi 
bitive for many. Similarly, a transfer board 

DECEMBER 1967 



is unnecessary for paraplegics and most 
quadriplegics; it is necessary, however, for 
some poliomyelitics who are extensively par 
alyzed in the trunk and all four limbs. 

There is no real evidence to support the 
statement in the chapter on diet that milk 
products predispose to stone formation. 

Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology 

7th ed., by Catherine Parker Anthony, 
R.N., B.A., M.S. 585 pages. Saint Louis, 
Mosby, 1967. 

Reviewed by Miss Leta Sanders, Assistant 
Professor, school of nursing, University 
of Windsor, Windsor, Ont. 

The purpose of this text is to help both 
teachers and student nurses understand basic 
facts and principles underlying the function 
ing of the human body. Many details and 
digressions of older books are omitted. 

New findings about cells, neuro-endocrine 
transducers and the function of the pineal 
and thymus glands are included. The central 
nervous system, difficult for teachers and 
students to understand, has been simplified 
and clarified. 

The introduction and conclusion to each 
chapter define and summarize the content in 
concise terms. The book begins with a des 
cription of the integration of the body as a 
structured unit. It then describes the func 
tions of the different systems and how they 
interrelate. 

Foot-notes give sources of material. Many 
of these sources are from current writings, 



for example, The Scientific American, and 
are by experts in their fields. 

Illustrations, many in color, help to cla 
rify the content. Transparencies placed in 
strategic places illustrate depth of the or 
gans and systems of the human body. 

This book gives a comprehensive treat 
ment of anatomy and physiology for the use 
of both teacher and student. 



films 



Pediatric Films 

Six pediatric films, together forming a 
series called "Pediatric Basics" are now 
available on loan to nursing groups. 

The six films were produced by Frederick 
i. Margolis, M.D., director, Audio-Visual 
Department, Wayne State University, Col 
lege of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Each 
film runs approximately 18 to 20 minutes. 
All are in color with synchronized dialogue. 

The series presents some fine medical in 
formation documented by eminent pedia 
tricians. The titles are; 

The Technique of an Effective Examin 
ation 

The Spinal Fluid Examination 

Central Nervous System Taps 

PKU 

Apgar On Apgar 

The Urine Examination 

(Continued on page 55) 



educational working 




POST-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Kll 



A must for all nurses and student nurses, the new POM Kit has 
become the most successful "in-service" teaching aid for lleostomy 
and Meal-Bladder education. Included in this working package are 
all the necessary products needed for proper post-operative man 
agement of the patient 3 Bongort Expendable Drainage Bags 
plus 5 sample sized accessory products. The POM Kit is yours for 
$1.0O. Request 779 CN. 






NITED SURGICAL 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 53 



special products 
for patient care 



A.R.D. 

Unique butterfly-shaped anorectal 
dressing stays comfortably in 
place without tape. Sterile, highly 
absorbent, lint free. Supplied 
in boxes of 24. 




SCOPETTES 

Proctologic and gynecologic 
swabs with tips of pure, long fiber 



FULLER SHIELD 

Protective dressing holds other 
dressings in place and prevents 



rayon. Free of UoVbiesome lint Sln 9 s ;".l P^vents 

nd wisps. Uniform cushion-end " nO <" l" aer pllonldal, 



. 

and wisps. Uniform cushion-end 
safeguards tissues. Tips secured 
with non-toxic vegetable glue. 
8" and 16" lengths. Cases of 500. 



, 

proctologic or perineal surgery. 
Adjustable sizes 24-48. 
Individually packaged. 




For samples write to: 



WIN LEY-MORRIS }>. 



MONTREAL 



2795 BATF.S ROAD 



CANADA 




Turns 

consume 

93 times their 

own weight 

in excess 

stomach 

acid! 



think how fast they ll work 
on your tummy upsets! 



Laboratory tests show Turns neu 
tralize 93 times their own weight 
in excess stomach acids, and that 
they maintain a balanced level for 
long periods, too. Turns go fo work 
in seconds on gas, heartburn and 
indigestion. And they taste pleas 
antly minty, need no water and 
cost so very little. Those are the 
facts. So next time your tummy 
gives you a turn, give Turns a try. 
They re worth their weight in gold! 




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54 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



films 



(Continued from page 53) 

The production of these basic films in 
pediatrics was arranged by Gerber Products, 
and the baby food company is also distri 
buting them to any pediatric program in 
education, at no charge to the institution 
a contribution to both undergraduate and 
postgraduate pediatric education. 

Films are obtained by writing directly to 
Gerber Baby Foods. 4174 Dundas St. West, 
Toronto 18, providing program information, 
date, name of institution and address. One 
month should be allowed for scheduling. 



accession list 



Publications in this list of material 
received recently in the CNA library are 
shown in language of source. The majority 
(reference material and theses, indicated by 
R excepted) may be borrowed by CNA 
members, and by libraries of hospitals and 
schools of nursing and other institutions. 
Requests for loans should be made on the 
"Request Form for Accession List" (page 
56) and should be addressed to: The 
Library, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 
The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 

1. Bibliography and book production by 
Ray Astbury. Oxford, Pergamon, 1967. 
260p. 

2. Challenges to collective bargaining. 
Edited by Lloyd Ulman. Englewood Cliffs, 
Prentice-Hall for American Assembly, 
Columbia University, 1967. 180p. 

3. Combining public health nursing 
agencies; a case study in Philadelphia by 
Leon V. Hirsch, Martin S. Klein, and 
Gertrude Woodruff Marlowe. New York, 
National League for Nursing, c!967. 256p. 

4. Determining forces in collective wage 
bargaining by Harold M. Levinson. New 
York, Wiley, c!966. 283p. 

5. Doctors strike; medical care and 
conflict in Saskatchewan by Robin F. 
Badgley, and Samuel Wolff. Toronto, Mac- 
millan, 1967. 201p. 

6. Draft report of Quantitative and quali 
tative survey of nursing resources, 1966, 
Trinidad and Tobago by May O Keiffe and 
Violet Lines. Port-of-Spain, 1966. 62p. 

7. Dying by John Hinton. Harmonds- 
worth, Middx., Penguin Books, 1967. 208p. 

8. Exploring Canada from sea to sea. 
Washington, National Geographical Society, 
1967. 208p. 

9. Facts about nursing; a statistical sum 
mary, 1967 edition. New York, American 
Nurses Association, 1967. 255p. R. 

10. How to organize an effective team 

DECEMBER 1967 



teaching program by Harold S. Davis. 
Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, c!966. 64p. 

11. An investigation of geriatric nursing 
problems in hospital by Doreen Norton, 
A. N. Exton-Smith, and Rhoda McLaren. 
London, National Corporation for the Care 
of Old People. c!962. 238p. 

12. Labour and automation. Bulletin no. 
1-4. Geneva, International Labour Organis 
ation, 1964-1967. 4v. 

13. Medical care insurance and medical 
manpower. Conference manuscripts, Mont 
real, June 19-23, 1967. Toronto, Canadian 
Medical Association, 1967. 268p. 

14. Metric conversion kit for hospitals. 
Toronto, Ontario Hospital Association, 
1967. 47p. 

15. Nurse performance description: cri 
teria, predictors, and correlates by Elaine 
Dedrickson Dyer. Salt Lake City, University 
of Utah Press, 1967. 132p. 

16. Observations on students and educa 
tional methodology. Report of the 1966 
Regional Workshops of the Council of 
Member Agencies. New York, National 
League for Nursing, Dept. of Diploma 
Programs, 1967. 47p. 

17. Organization by Ernest Dale. New 
York, American Management Association, 
C1967. 368p. 

18. Passing on by David Sudnow. Engle 
wood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1967. 212p. 

19. Principles of obstetrics and gynecol- 
ogy for nurses by Josephine lorio. Saint 
Louis, Mosby, 1967. 342p. 

20. Public relations handbook by Philip 
Lesly. 3d ed. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice- 
Hall, c!967. 940p. R. 

21. A regional college for Vancouver 
Island by Leonard Marsh. Vancouver, 
University of British Columbia, 1966. 181p. 

22. The retrieval of Canadian graduate 
students from abroad by Edward F. 
Sheffield, and Mary Margot McGrail. 
Ottawa, Association of Universities and 
Colleges, 1966. 82p. 

23. Roberts dictionary of industrial rela 
tions by Harold S. Roberts. Washington, 
Bureau of National Affairs, 1966. 486p. R. 

24. The sick person needs... Report of 
the third national conference for profes 
sional nurses and physicians, Coronado, 
Calif., Feb. 23-25, 1967. Chicago, American 
Medical Association. New York, American 
Nurses Association, 1967. 57p. 

25. Statistics for nurses - the evaluation 
of quantitative information by Jeanne S. 
Phillips, and Richard F. Thompson. New 
York, MacMillan, c!967. 550p. R. 

26. Style book and editorial manual by 
John H. Talbot. Chicago, American Medical 
Association, c!966. 122p. 

27. The utilization of associate degree 
nursing graduates in general hospitals by 
Betty L. Forest. (Thesis - Columbia) New 
York, National League for Nursing, 1967. 
(League exchange no. 82). 71 p. 

28. The white cross in Canada by G. W. 
L. Nicholson. Montreal, Harvest House, 
1967. 206p. 



29. Words on paper; a manual of prose 
style for professional writers, reporters, 
authors, editors, publishers by Roy H. 
Copperud. New York, Hawthorn Books, 
c!960. 286p. 

PAMPHLETS 

30. Advice to authors guide to prepara 
tion of manuscripts by M. Theresa South- 
gate. Chicago, American Medical Associa 
tion, c!964. 25p. 

31. Brief summary of nursing in Pakistan 
by Mumtaz Painda Khan. Lahore, 1966. 4p. 

32. Dealing with controversy. Edited by 
Frances A. Koestler. New York, National 
Public Relations Council of Health and 
Welfare Services, 1963. 38p. 

33. Functions and qualifications for 
school nurses. New York, American Nurses 
Association, c!966. 31 p. 

34. A guide for establishing and im 
proving educational programs; criteria and 
procedures for accreditation. New York, 
National Association for Practical Nurse 
Education and Service, c!967. 23 p. 

35. Husband, father, humanitarian, spe 
cialist, nurse. New York, National League 
for Nursing, 1967. 

36. A list of the published writings of 
Isabel Maitland Stewart by Anne L. Austin. 
New York, Nursing Education Alumnae As 
sociation, Teachers College, Columbia Uni 
versity, 1967. lOp. 

37. Measurement of nursing care. Head- 
ington. Oxford, Oxford Regional Hospital 
Board, Operational Research Unit, 1967. 
26p. 

38. New dimensions for old responsi 
bilities by Dorothy Wilson. New York, 
National League for Nursing, 1967. 16p. 

39. Principles and policies. Ottawa, Can 
adian Labour Congress, n.d. 20p. 

40. Regulations of the Indian Nursing 
Council. New Delhi, Indian Nursing Coun 
cil, n.d. 17p. 

41. Reactions to the latent lobby by 
G. Scott Hutchison. Reprint. Boston, Har 
vard Bus. Rev., 1967. 166-173p. 

42. Statement on psychiatric nursing prac 
tice. New York, American Nurses Associa 
tion, Division of Psychiatric-Mental Nursing, 
1967. 41p. 

43. To tell the truth by Nesta Roberts. 
London, National Association for Mental 
Health, c!966. 33p. 

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 

Canada 

44. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. An 
nual supplement to the Canadian statistical 
revue 1966. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 1967. 
Catalogue no. 11-206. 

45. - . Hospital statistics, v.l. Hos 
pital beds 1965. Ottawa, Queen s Printer, 
1967. lOOp. Catalogue no. 83-210. 
Alberta 

46. Dept. of Public Health. Medical Ser 
vices Division. Health careers. Edmonton, 
1967. Iv. 

(Continued on page 56) 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 55 



accession list 



(Continued from page 55) 

British Columbia 

47. Hospital Insurance Service. Consulta 
tion and Research Division. Report of 
functional nursing activity study at Surrey 
Memorial Hospital, Surrey, B.C., utilizing 
the consulting services of Health Insurance, 
Dept. of National Health and Welfare. 
Victoria, 1964. 38p. 

Ontario 

48. Hospital Services Commission. An 
nual report, 1966 statistical supplement. 
Toronto, 1967. 141p. 

Ghana 

49. Ministry of Health. The health ser 
vices in Ghana. Accra, 1967. 47p. 

Great Britain 

50. Central Office of Information. Ref 
erence Division. Labour relations and 
conditions of work in Britain. Prepared for 
British Information Services, India. London, 
1967. 40p. 

51. Ministry of Health. Men in profes 
sional nursing; a career with status and 
prospects. London, Her Majesty s Stat. Off., 
1966. 12p. 

Iran 

52. Ministry of Health. Nursing Division. 



Nursing education in Iran past and present. 
Tehran. 1966. 18p. 

53. . Nursing in a period of tran 
sition in Iran. Tehran, 1966. 6p. 

Japan 

54. Laws, statutes, etc. Public-health 
nurse, midwife and nurse law. Tokyo, 1954. 
22p. 

55. Ministry of Health and Welfare. A 
brief report on public health administration 
in Japan, 1966. Tokyo, 1966. 64p. 

56. . General information about 

nursing in Japan. Tokyo, 1963. 32p. 

57. . Regulations for authoriza 
tion of School and training school of pub 
lic health nurse, midwife and nurse. Tokyo, 
Ministries of Education and Health and 
Welfare. 1964. 30p. 

United States 

58. Federal Advisory Council on Medical 
Training Aids. Film reference guide for 
medicine and allied sciences. Atlanta, Ga., 
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare, Public Health Service, 1967. 379p. 

59. Dept. of Health, Education and Wel 
fare. Public Health Service. Lecture prep 
aration guide; an instructive communica 
tion. U.S. Gov t. Print. Off., 1966. 60p. 

60. . List of journals indexed in 

Index Medicus, National Library of Me 
dicine, January 1966. Washington, U.S. 
Gov t. Print. Off., 1966. 

61. Division of Nursing. Nurses in public 
health number, educational preparation, and 



other characteristics of nurses employed for 
public health work in the United States, 
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam, 
January 1966. Washington, U.S. Gov t. Print. 
Off., 1967. 54p. 

62. . Nursing care of the aged; 

an notated bibliography for nurses. Wash 
ington, U.S. Gov t. Print. Off., 1967. 13 Ip. 

63. . Publications of the Division 

of Hospital and Medical Facilities. Wash 
ington, 1966. 18p. 

64. National Advisory Health Council. 
Allied Health Professions Education Sub 
committee. Education for the allied health 
professions and services. Washington, U.S. 
Gov t. Print. Off., 1967. 61p. 

STUDIES DEPOSITED IN CNA 
REPOSITORY COLLECTION 

65. La comprehension du concept du 
soin total et continu du malade chez les 
etudiants-infirmieres et chez les institutrices- 
cliniques par Yolande Mousseau. Ottawa, 
1965. 235p. Thesis - Ottawa. R. 

66. Occupational health nursing in On 
tario; a report on results from a question 
naire by M. I. Hardy. Toronto, Ontario 
Dept. of Health, Environmental Health 
Branch, 1967. 88p. R. 

67. The Parent commission report; 
stimulus for nursing education in the pro 
vince of Quebec by Georgette Desjean. 
Detroit, Mich., 1967. 57p. Thesis (M.Sc.N.) 
- Wayne State. R. D 



Request Form for "Accession List" 
CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION LIBRARY 

Send this coupon or facsimile to: 

LIBRARIAN, Canadian Nurses Association, 50 The Driveway, Ottawa 4, Ontario. 

Please lend me the following publications, listed in the issue of The 

Canadian Nurse, or add my name to the waiting list to receive them when available: 



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No. 



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Requests for loans will be filled in order of receipt. 

Reference and restricted material must be used in the CNA library. 

Borrower Registration No. 

Position 

Address 

Date of request 



56 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



classified advertisements 



ALBERTA 



ALBERTA 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for new 34-bed 
General Hospital opening this fall. A challenging 
position in a thriving community. Twice daily bus 
service to major centers. Living accommodations 
available in new residence. Standard employment 
benefits. Salary commensurate with qualifications 
and experience. Please forward application with full 
particulars and salary expected to: Administrator, 
Slave Lake General Hospital, P.O. Box 330, Slave 
Lake, Alberta. 

Obstetrical Head Nurse and General Duty Graduates 

for an active accredited, 70-bed hospital, 60 miles 
east of Edmonton. Salary according to recommenda 
tion from association and past experience. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing Service, St. Joseph s General 
Hospital, Vegreville, Alberta. 

Registered Nurses required for a 51 -bed active 
treatment hospital, situated in east central Alberta. 
Salary range from $400 to $460 commensurate with 
experience. Full maintenance in new nurses resid 
ence for $40 per month, sick leave and pension 
benefits available, 40-hour work week, 21 days plus 
statutory holidays after the first year, and 28 days 
plus statutory holidays after five years. For further 
information kindly contact: W.N. Saranchuk, Admin 
istrator, Elk Point, Municipal Hospital, Elk Point, 
Alberta. 1-34-1 

Bassano General Hospital requires Nurses for General 
Duty. Active treatment 30-bed hospital in the ranching 
area of southern Alberta. Town on Number 1 trans- 
Canada Highway mid- way between the cities of 
Calgary and Medicine Hat. Nurses on staff must be 
willing and able to take responsibility in all depart 
ments of nursing, with the exception of the Operating 
Room. Single rooms available in comfortable residen 
ce on hospital grounds at a nominal rate. Apply to: 
Mrs. M. Hislop, Administrator and Director of Nurs 
ing, Bassano General Hospital, Bassano, Alberta. 



ADVERTISING 
RATES 

FOR ALL 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

$10.00 for 6 lines or less 
$2.00 for each additional line 

Rates for display 
advertisements on request 

Closing date for copy and cancellation is 
6 weeks prior to 1st day of publication 
month. 

The Canadian Nurses Association has 
not yet reviewed the personnel policies 
of the hospitals and agencies advertising 
in the Journal. For authentic information, 
prospective applicants should apply to 
the Registered Nurses Association of the 
Province in which they are interested 
in working. 



Address correspondence to: 

The 

Canadian 
Nurse 

50 THE DRIVEWAY 
OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO. 




Registered Nurse required for 34-bed general hos 
pital. Salary range $380. to $450. Recognition for 
past experience. Liberal fringe benefits. Accommo 
dation in residence. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Tofield Municipal Hospital, Tofield, Alberta. 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in a 32-bed 
hospital. Board and Room $40.00 per month. Salary 
range $390.00 to $475.00. For further information 
contact: The Director of Nursing, St. Theresa Hos 
pital, Ft. Vermilion, Alberta. 

General Duty Nurses for active, accredited, well- 
equipped 64-bed hospital in growing town, population 
3,500. Salaries range from $380-$440 commensurate 
with experience, other benefits. Nurses residence. 
Excellent personnel policies and working conditions. 
New modern wing opened this year. Good commu 
nications to large nearby cities. Apply Director of 
Nursing, Brooks General Hospital, Brooks, Alberta. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES Salary range $4,320 
to $5,460 per annum, 40 hour week. Modern living- 
in facilities available at moderate rates, if desired. 
Civil Service holiday, sick leave and pension bene 
fits. Starting salary commensurate with training 
and experience. Apply to: Superintendent of Nurses, 
Baker Memorial Sanatorium, Box 72, Calgary, 
Alberta. 1-14-3 A 

General Duty Nurse for small modern hospital on 
Highway # 12. East Central Alberta. Salary 
range from $405 - $475. Residence available. Per 
sonnel policies as per AARN and A.H.A. Apply: 
Director of Nursing, Coronation Municipal Hospital, 
Coronation, Alberta. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 94-bed General Hos 
pital located in Alberta s unique Badlands. $380- 



$440 



locatea in Aioeria s unique oaaianas. . 
44U per month, approved AARN and AHA per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Miss M. Hawkes, Director 
of Nursing, Drumheller General Hospital, Drumhel- 
ier. Alberta. 1-31-2A 

General Duty Nurses for 64-bed active treatment 
hospital, 35 miles south of Calgary. Salary range 
$380 - $450. Living accommodation available in sep 
arate residence if desired. Full maintenance in 
residence $45.00 per month. Excellent Personnel 
Policies and working conditions. Please apply to: 
The Director of Nursing, High River General Hos 
pital, High River, Alberta. 1-46-1 A 

General Duty Nurses required by ISO-bed general 
hospital presently expanding to 230 beds. Salary 
1967, $380 to $450; 1968 $405 to $485. Experi 
ence recognized. Residence available. For particulars 
contact Director of Nursing Service, Red Deer 
General Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 

General Duty Nursing positions ore available in a 
100-bed convalescent rehabil itation unit forming 
part of a 330-bed hospital complex. Residence 
available. Salary 1967 $380 to $450. per mo. 
1968 $405 to $485. Experience recognized. For 
full particulars contact Director of Nursing Service, 
Auxiliary Hospital, Red Deer, Alberta. 



BRITISH COLUMBIA 



ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL, VICTORIA, B.C.: Invites 
B.C. Registered Nurses (or those eligible) to apply 
for these positions: SUPERVISOR for a 42-bed Psychia 
tric Unit. HEAD NURSE for modern Post-Operative 
Recovery Room. GENERAL STAFF for Psychiatric Unit. 
Apply indicating preparation and experience to: 
Director of Nursing, Victoria, British Columbia. 

Nursing Supervisor ($483-5571). General Duty Nurses 
(B.C. Registered $405 -$481, non-Registered $390) for 
fully accredited 113-bed hospital in N.W. B.C. Excel 
lent fishing, skiing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Hot springs swimming nearby. Nurses residence, 
room $20 per month. Cafeteria meals. Apply: Direc 
tor of Nursing, Kitimat General Hospital, Kitimat, 
British Columbia. 

B.C. R.N. for General Duty in 32 bed General Hospi 
tal. RNABC 1967 salary rate $390 - $466 and fringe 
benefits, modern, comfortable, nurses residence in 
attractive community close to Vancouver, B.C. For 
application form write: Director of Nursing, Fraser 
Canyon Hospital, R.R. 1, Hope, B.C. 2-30-1 

Graduate Nurses for busy 21 -bed hospital, prefer 
ably with obstetrical experience. Friendly at 
mosphere, beautiful beaches, local curling club. 
Own room and board $40 month. Salary $390 for 
Gen. Duty Registered Nurses; Salary $375 for non- 
Registered Nurse, plus recognition for post graduate 
experience. Apply: Matron, Tofino General Hos 
pital, Tofino, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 




DECEMBER 1967 



General Duty Nurses for new 30-bed hospital 
located in excellent recreational area. Salary and 
personnel policies in accordance with RNABC. Com 
fortable Nurses home. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Boundary Hospital, Grand Forks, British Columbia. 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES for 109-bed hospital in 
expanding Northwestern British Columbia City. Salary 
$405 to $481 for B.C. Registered Nurses with recogni 
tion for experience. RNABC contract in effect. Gradu 
ate Nurses not registered in B.C. paid $390. Benefits 
include comprehensive medical and pension plans. 
Travel allowance up to $60 refunded after one 
year s service. Comfortable, modern residence accom 
modation at $15 per month, meals at cost. Apply to: 
Director of Nursing, Prince Rupert General Hospital, 
551-5th Avenue East, Prince Rupert, B.C. 2-58-2A 

General Duty Nurses for well-equipped 63-bed gen 
eral hospital in beautiful inland Valley adjacent 
Lake Kathlyn and Hudson Bay Glacier. Boating, 
fishing, swimming, golfing, curling, skating, skiing. 
Salary $390 - $405. Maintenance $60.00, 40 hour 
5 day week, Vacation with pay Comfortable, at 
tractive nurses residence. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Bulkley Valley District Hospital, P.O. Box 
370, Sm ithers, B.C. 2-67- 1 

General Duty Nurse for 54-bed active hospital in 
northwestern B.C. Salaries: B.C. Registered $405 B.C. 
Non-Registered, $390, RNABC personnel policies 
in effect. Planned rotation. New residence, room and 
board: $55/m. T.V. and good social activities. 
Write: Director of Nursing, Box 1297, Terrace, British 
Columbia. 2-70-2 

General Duty Nurses needed for active 45-bed 
hospital Central B.C. R.N.A. salary scale and 
personnel policies in effect. Salary recognition 
given for experience. Overtime paid. Modern 
Nurses Residence available. New hospital planned 
for near future. Write Director of Nursing, St. 
John Hospital, Vanderhoof, B.C. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 70-bed 
Acute General Hospital on Pacific Coast. B.C. Regis 
tered $390 - $466 per month (Credit for experience}. 
Non B.C. Registered $375 Practical Nurses B.C. Li 
censed $273 -$311 per month. Non Registered $253- 
$286 per month. Board $20 per month, room $5.00 per 
month. 20 paid holidays per year and 10 statutory 
holidays after 1 year. Fare paid from Vancouver. 
Superannuation and medical plans. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, St. George s Hospital, Alert Bay, British 
Columbia. 2-2-1 A 

General Duty, Operating Room and Experienced 
Obstetrical Nurses for 434- bed hospital with school 
of nursing. Salary: $390 - $466. Credit for past ex 
perience and postgraduate training. 40-hr, wk. Stat 
utory holidays. Annual increments; cumulative sick 
leave; pension plan; 28-days annual vacation; B.C. 
registration required. Apply: Director of Nursing, 
Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British 
Columbia. 2-73- 13 

GRADUATE NURSES: For permanent staff or holiday 
relief. In active 1 64-bed acute General Hospital 
with full accreditation, located in the Columbia 
River Valley in southeastern British Columbia. Un 
limited social and sports activities including golf, 
tennis, swimming, skiing and curling. 40 hour week: 
Starting salary after registration $390 rising to $466. 
Four weeks annual vacation, JO statutory holidays, 
1 /2 days sick leave per month cumulative to 120 
days. Employer-employee participation in medical 
coverage and superannuation. Residence accommoda 
tion. For further information apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Trail-Tadanac Hospital, Trail, British Co 
lumbia. 

GRADUATE NURSES for 24-bed hospital, 35-mi. from 
Vancouver, on coast, salary and personnel prac 
tices in accord with RNABC. Accommodation availa 
ble. Apply: Director of Nursing, General Hospital, 
Squamish, British Columbia. 2-68-1 

Graduate Nurses for General Duty in modern 
225-bed hospital in city (20,000) on Vancouver 
Island. Personnel policies in accordance with RNABC 
policies. Direct enquiries to: The Director of Nurs 
ing, Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, B.C. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses for 

modern 450-bed hospital with School of Nursing. 
RNABC policies in effect. Credit for past experience 
and postgraduate training. British Columbia registra 
tion required. For particulars write to: the Director of 
Nursing Service, St. Joseph s Hospital, Victoria, Bri 
tish Columbia. 2-76-5 

THE CANADIAN NURSE 57 



CHEDOKE CHILD AND FAMILY CENTRE 

Affiliated with McMaster University, requires for its day treatment 
UNIT FOR EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILDREN 



HEAD NURSE 

To co-ordinate a treatment program and work closely with staff, children 
and their families. Considerable scope for development of head nurse 
role in newly developing complex of services in child and family care. 
Previous experience in working with emotionally disturbed children and 
a baccalaureate degree in nursing required. Salary commensurate with 
qualifications and experience. 



APPLY TO: 
Personnel Director 

THE HAMILTON HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

P.O. Box 590, Hamilton, Ontario 



OSHAWA 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing 

requires additional 

TEACHERS 

Applications are invited from 
Teachers of Nursing interested in 
participating in an expanding 
progressive educational pro 
gramme and the development of 
a regional School of Nursing. 

Applicants must be eligible for 
nurse registration in Ontario. 
Baccalaureate degree in Nursing 
or Diploma in Nursing Education 
required. Salary commensurate 
with education and experience in 
nursing education. Good person 
nel policies. 

Please direct applications and en 
quiries to: 

Director, School of Nursing, 

OSHAWA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Oshawa, Ontario. 



LAKEHEAD REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

PORT ARTHUR, ONTARIO 
requires 

TEACHERS 

QUALIFICATONS - Bachelor s 
Degree with experience prefer 
red. 

Proximity of new School building 
to Lakehead University offers 
opportunity for further study. 

A challenge for teachers inter 
ested in the planning and de 
velopment of a new program. 
The first class of students will 
be enrolled in September 1968. 

Apply: 
Director 

LAKEHEAD REGIONAL SCHOOL 
OF NURSING 

c/o The General Hospitcl of 

Port Arthur 
Port Arthur, Ontario 




FOR CLEVELAND 

and Mt. Sinai Hospital where 
nurses earn $550 a month be- 
ginnig salaries and where 
there are challenging job and 
educational opportunities. This 
532-bed teaching institution is 
located in the center of the 
city s cultural and educational 
activities. For more informa 
tion, write to Nurse Recruiter, 
Dept. CE. 



THE MT. SINAI 
HOSPITAL OF CLEVELAND 

University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 



POSITIONS ARE AVAILABLE 
for 

REGISTERED NURSES 



with special interest in medical 
nursing and rehabilitation of 
long term patients. 

Salaries recommended by the 
Registered Nurses 
Association of Ontario 

Inservice educational program 
me developed and 
expanding 

Residence accommodation avail 
able at a very mod 
erate rate 

Transportation advanced, if re 
quested 

Apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

THE QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL 

130 Dunn Avenue 
Toronto 3, Ont. 



58 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 




So 



meojie 



The ATew 



Special 
City 2VtMse 



The New York City Nurse is more than someone special . . . 

she s someone dedicated too. She s building herself 

a successful career and finding a whole new way of life by 

working for New York. Her job isn t always easy, but 

it s always satisfying. Whether she s giving high quality 

nursing care to her patients or just radiating a little T.L.C., 

she knows that she s giving it to those who need it most. 

There are many areas open to the New York City Nurse. 

She has 19 general and special hospitals to choose from 

where she can obtain almost any clinical experience 

she wishes. She can specialize or diversify; she can further 

her education; she can advance rapidly in her profession. 

She can see medical history being made, and she 

may well help make it. Housing placement service and 

deficiency courses are available. 

Then there are the off-duty hours in New York City itself 

hours in which to explore the world s most exciting city, 

which is now her home. You can make it your home too as a 

NO\A/ YnrU Pitw Nnrco 



Send for our brochure today. 

Professional Recruiting Unit, Room 620, Dept. CN-20 

DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS 

125 Worth Street, New York, N. Y. 10013 

Please send me your brochure about nursing in 
New York City. 

I AM A STUDENT NURSE Q I AM A REGISTERED NURSE 

Name 
Address 



City 



State 
An Eaual Oooortunitv Emolover 



MANITOBA 



ONTARIO 



ONTARIO 



Registered Nurse for 18-bed hospital of Vita, Manitoba, 
70 miles from Winnipeg. Daily bus service. Salary 
range $390 - $475, with allowance for experience. 
40 hour week, 10 statutory holidays, 4 weeks paid 
vacation after one year. Full maintenance available 
for $50 per month. Apply: Matron, Vita District 
Hospital, Vita, Manitoba. 3-68-1 

Registered Nurses (2) for 32-bed fully modern hos 
pital in the parkland district of Manitoba. Minimum 
salary $395 to a maximum of $480, with extra 
monetary consideration given for experience. For 
further particulars write or phone collect to: 
Mrs. Edna Sims, Superintendent, Roblin District Hos 
pital, Rob I in, Manitoba. 

Registered General Duty Nurses (2), for fully modern 
20-bed hospital. Salary $395.00 to $480.00 per month, 
40 hour week. Regular semi-annual increments. Duties 
to commence immediately. Full maintenance avail 
able at the hospital at reasonable rates. Good per 
sonnel pol icies. For further information and applica 
tion forms apply to: Mrs. Olive C. Campbell, R.N., 
Superintendent, Hunter Memorial Hospital, Teulon, 
Manitoba. 

Graduate Nurse and a L.P.N. for General Duty 

wanted for 18-bed hospital, Ste-Anne, Manitoba. 
Situated 30 miles from Winnipeg and a daily bus 
service. Proposed salary for both categories are, 
depending on experience $415. to $455. for gradu 
ate and $290. to $340 for L.P.N. 40 hour week, 9 
statutory holidays. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Ste-Anne Hospital, Ste-Anne, Manitoba. 



NOVA SCOTIA 



Registered Nurses for 21 -bed hospital in pleasant 
community - Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia. Apply: 
Superintendent, Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital, 
Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia. 6-32-1 

Registered and Graduate Nurses for General Duty. 

New hospital with all modern conveniences, also, 
new nurses residence available. South Shore Com 
munity. Apoly to: Superintendent, Queens General 
Hospital, Liverpool, Nova Scotia. 6-20-1 

GENERAL DUTY NURSES: Positions available for 
Registered Qualified General Duty Nurses for 138- 
bed active treatment hospital. Residence accom 
modation available. Applications and enquiries will 
be received by: Director of Nursing, Blanchard-Fraser 
Memorial Hospital, Kenfville, Nova Scotia. 6-19-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for 53-bed medium and long- 
term active treatment hospital in a progressive city. 
Particulars on request. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Halifax Civic Hospital, 5938 University Avenue, Hali 
fax, Nova Scotia. 6-17-10 A 



ONTARIO 



Supervisor of Public Health Nursing, qualified. 
Salary range $6,652 $8,130 plus $300 for B.Sc.N.; 
Starting level appropriate to experience and merit. 
Employer shared pension plan, medical and hospital 
insurance. Generous car allowance, cumulative sick 
leave, one month annual vacation. Apply to: Dr. 
E. G. Brown, Kent County Health Unit, 21 Seventh 
Street, Chatham, Ontario. 

HEAD NURSE: Applications are invited for the posi 
tion of HEAD NURSE for a 20-bed Psychiatric 
Ward in a General Hospital. Desirable qualifications 
should include a B.Sc.N. degree or an Administration 
diploma and experience in the Psychiatric field. 
For further information, write to: Director of 
Nursing, Queens way General Hospital, Etobicoke, 
Ontario. 

REGISTERED NURSES for General Duty in new, mod 
ern 44-bed active treatment hospital located in a 
thriving bilingual community half-way between Ot 
tawa and Montreal. {Bilingual ism is not a require 
ment of employment but this would be a good op 
portunity to learn either French or English.) Salary 
on a par with other Ontario hospitals, in addition to 
1 month s vacation and excellent staff benefits. 
Good opportunity for professional development in a 
friendly and progressive environment. Apply to: The 
Director of Nursing, Glengarry Memorial Hospital, 
Alexandria, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses for 34-bea 1 hosprraf, min. salary 
$415 with regular annual increments to maximum 
of $495. 3-wk. vacation with pay; sick leave after 
6-mo. service. All Staff 5 day 40-hr, wk., 9 
statutory holidays, pension plan and other benefits. 
Apply to: Superintendent, Englehart & District Hos 
pital, Englehart, Ontario. 7-40- 1 

60 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



REGISTERED NURSES (IMMEDIATELY) for a new 40- 
bed hospital. Nurses residence private rooms with 
bath $20 per month. Minimum salary $415 plus 
experience allowance, 4 semi-annual increments. 
Reply to: The Director of Nursing, Geraldton District 
Hospital, Geraldton, Ontario. 7-50-1A 

Nursing Positions for REGISTERED NURSES; for 

325-bed fully accredited active General Hospital 
centrally located in the city; for further information 
write to the Director of Nursing, THE DOCTORS 
HOSPITAL, 45 Brunswick Avenue, Toronto 4, On 
tario. 



Registered Nurses for 18-bed (expanding to 36-bed) 
General Hospital in Mining and Resort town of 5,000 
people. Beautifully located on Wawa Lake, 140 miles 
north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Wide variety of 
summer and winter sports including swimming, boat 
ing, fishing, golfing, skating, curling and bowling. 
Six churches of different faiths. Salaries comparable 
with all northern hospitals. Limited bed and board 
available at reasonable rate. Excellent personnel 
policies, pleasant working conditions. HEAD NURSE 
with some formal preparation and/or adequate ex 
perience. Apply to: Director of Nursing, The Lady 
Dunn General Hospital, Box 1 79, Wawa, Ontario. 

7-1 40-1 B 



Required immediately. Registered Nurses for 32-bed 
hospital in north western Ontario. Salary schedule 
$450. to $550. per month. Accommodation available. 
Excellent personnel policies. Please reply in writing 
to: Miss M. McLeod, R.N., Administrator, Atikokan 
General Hospital, Atikokan, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES required immediately for 53- 
bed hospital. Minimum salary $415. Three weeks 
vacation, pension, life and medical insurance, 8 
statutory holidays, 40 hour week. Air, rail and road 
communication. Northern hospitality. Apply to: Direc 
tor of Nurses, Porcupine General Hospital, South 
Porcupine, Ont. 7-123-1 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 100-bed General Hospital, situated in Northern 
Ontario. Salary range $415 -$455 per month, RNA s 
$273 - $317 per month, shift differential, annual 
increments, 40 hour week, OHSC and P.S.I, plans in 
effect. Accommodation available in residence if 
desired. For full particulars apply to: The Director 
of Nurses, Lady Minto Hospital, Cochrane, Ontario. 

7-30-1 B 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

are invited to make application to our 75-bed, 
modern General Hospital. You will be in the Vaca- 
tionland of the North, midway between the Lakehead 
and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Basic wage for Registered 
Nurses is $408 and for Registered Nursing Assistants 
is $285 with yearly increments and consideration for 
experience. Write or phone: The Director of Nursing, 
Dryden District General Hospital, DRYDEN, Ontario 

7-26-1 A 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 160-bed accredited hospital. Starting salary $415 
and $285 respectively with regular annual incre 
ments for both. Excellent personnel policies. Resid 
ence accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Kirkland & District Hospital, Kirkland Lake, 
Ontario. 7-67-1 



Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

(immediately) for 64-bed home for the aged in 
Minden. 3 weeks vacation with pay. Cumulative sick 
leave. Employer shared P.S.I, and O.H.S.C. Apply 
to: The Administrator, Hyland Crest Home, P.O. Box 
30, Minden, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

required for 42-bed hospital planning expansion in 
progressive northern town. Winter and summer sports 
excellent, usual fringe benefits, new salary range 
effective January 1968 comparable with all hos 
pitals. Residence accommodation available. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Box 340, New Liskeard and 
District Hospital, New Liskeard, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants. 

Starting Salary for R.N. is $415 and for R.N. A. is $300. 
Allowance for experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Write: Mrs G. Gordon, Superintendent, Nipigon Dis 
trict Memorial Hospital, Box 37, Nipigon, Ontario. 

7-87-1 



Registered Nurse and Registered Nursing Assistants 

in modern 100-bed hospital, situated 40 miles from 
Ottawa. Excellent personnel pol icies. Residence 
accommodation available. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Smiths Falls Public Hospital, Smiths Falls, 
Ontario. 7-120-2A 



FACULTY -- Position in Medical-Surgical Nursing 

open for July, 1968 in the Bachelor of Science in 
Nursing Course at McMaster University, Hamilton, 
Ontario. Salary and academic rank commensurate 
with education and experience. Please apply sending 
curriculum vitae and two references to: Director, 
School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, 
Ontario. 

Registered Nurses and Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 83- bed General Hospital in French speaking com 
munity of Northern Ontario. R.N. s salary: $420 to 
$465/m., 4 weeks vacation, 18 sick leave days and 
R.N.A. s salary: $300 to $340/m., 2 weeks vacation 
and 12 sick leave days. Unused sick leave is paid 
at 100%. Rooming accommodations available in 
town and meals served at the Hospital. Excellent 
personnel policies. Apply to: Director of Nursing, 
Notre-Dame Hospital, Hearst, Ontario. 7-58-1 

REGISTERED NURSES and REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS required for 100-bed hospital in the 
Model Town of the North. All usual fringe benefits, 
living- in accommodation. Salary range for general 
duty nurses $415-$485 depending on qualifications 
and experience. Registered Nursing Assistants $290- 
$346. Apply to: Director of Nursing, Sensenbren- 
ner Hospital, Kapuskasing, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in well-equipped 
28 -bed hospital, located in growing gold mining 
and foun st area, north of Kenora, Ontario. Modern 
residence with individual rooms; room, board and 
uniform laundry only $50/m, 40-hr, wk., no split shift, 
cumulative sick time, 8 statutory holidays and 28 
day paid vacation after one year. Starting salary 
$430. Apply to: Matron, Margaret Cochenour Memo 
rial Hospital, Cochenour, Ontario. 7-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR GENERAL DUTY in active 

accredited well equipped 28-bed hospital. 30 miles 
from Ottawa. Residence accommodation. Good per 
sonnel policies. Apply to: Administratrix, Kemptville 
District Hospital, Kemptville, Ontario. 7-63-1 

Registered Nurses for General Duty for 166-bed 
chest hospital. Residence accommodation, salary 
commensurate with experience and ability. Apply 
to: Director of Nursing, Niagara Peninsula Sana 
torium, Box 158, St. Catharines, Ontario. 

Registered Nurses for General Duty in 100-bed hos 
pital, located 30-mi. from Ottawa, are urgently re 
quired. Good personnel policies, accommodation 
available in new staff residence. Apply: Director of 
Nursing, District Memorial Hospital, Winchester, On 
tario. 7-144-1 

General Duty Registered Nurse for new, well- 
equipped 31 -bed prefabricated hospital located in 
attractive community, 40 miles east of North Bay. 
Good personnel policies and fringe benefits. Salary 
scale $400 to $480 with five annual increments. 
Apply to: Administrator, General Hospital, Mattawa, 
Ontario. 



Registered Nurses for General Staff and Operating 
Room. Accredited 235-bed, modern, General Hospital. 
Good personnel pol icies. Beginning salary $400 per 
month, recognition for experience, annual bonus plan. 

Planned in-service programs. Assistance with trans 
portation. Apply: Director of Nursing, Sudbury Me 
morial Hospital, Regent Street, S., Sudbury, Ontario. 

7- 1 27-4 A 

Registered Nursing Assistant. 40 hour week, 9 
statutory holidays. Member of O.H.A. Pension Plan. 
Other attractive fringe benefits. Salary Range $268 
to $343. per month. Apply to: Superintendent, Home- 
pay ne Community Hospital, Box 1 90, Hornepayne, 
Ontario. Phone 690 Hornepayne. 

Public Health Nurses required for generalized public 
health programme. Salary range $5,300. to $6,550., 
based in accordance with experience. Four week 
vacation, car allowance, pension plan, hospitaliza- 
tion, P.S.I., and group insurance. Apply stating 
qualifications to: Dr. H.H. Washburn, Director & 
Medical Officer of Health, Norfolk County Health 
Unit, Box 247, Simcoe, Ontario. 

Staff Public Health Nurses. Vacancies in main and 
satellite offices due to expansion of Unit. 1967 
Salary Scale: $5,227. - $6,616. and presently being 
negotiated for 1968. Usual benefits. For details 
apply to: The Director, Sudbury & District Health 
Unit, 50 Cedar Street, Sudbury, Ontario. 

Qualified Public Health Nurses required for expand 
ing generalized program in leading resort area. 
Attractive salary ranges, fringe benefits, and travel 
allowance. For full details please contact: W. H. 
Bennett, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health, 
Muskoka and District Health Unit, Box 1019, Brace- 
bridge, Ontario. 7-15-2 



DECEMBER 1967 




CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSING 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 



TEACHERS 



Qualifications: 



Qualifications: 



INVITES APPLICATIONS FOR POSITIONS OF: 



Master s degree in nursing education is preferred. 
Baccalaureate degree is acceptable. 
Experience in field of nursing education. 

Baccalaureate degree preferred. Diploma in nursing 
education and working toward degree acceptable. 
Experience in nursing and teaching preferred. 

A new, regional, independent School of Nursing, located twelve miles west of Toronto in COOKSVILLE, ON 
TARIO will be opening its doors to its first class of nursing students in September, 1968. Faculty will be in 
volved in the planning of a curriculum for a two-year nursing programme followed by one year of internship. 
Ultimate annual enrolment will be 150 students. Community agencies in the area and the five following 
hospitals will be providing opportunities for observation, participation, and clinical experiences: 

Georgetown and District Memorial Hospital, Georgetown 
Milton District Hospital, Milton 
Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville 
Peel Memorial Hospital, Brampton 
South Peel Hospital, Cooksville 

For further information, write to: 
THE DIRECTOR 

CREDIT VALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSING 

100 UPPER MIDDLE ROAD, COOKSVILLE, ONTARIO 



Applications are invited for the position of 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

by April 1st 1968 

at 

TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

TRENTON, ONT. 

This position carries responsibility for the co-ordin 
ation of all facets of nursing activity within this 
150-bed acute treatment hospital and plans for 46 
chronic bed extension within one year. 

Applicants should have a degree in nursing service 
administration as well as experience on applicable 
level. 

Applications, or requests for additional information 
should be addressed to: 

H. F. NAUDETT, Administrator 
TRENTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

Trenton, Ontario 



NORTHERN ONTARIO 
REGIONAL SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applications are invited from teachers interested in 
developing two-plus-one diploma programme in this 
new school. First class of 30 students September 
1968. New Building being erected. 

QUALIFICATIONS: B.Sc.N. or 

Diploma in Nursing Education or 
Public Health Nursing 

Excellent Salary and personnel policies. 

Located near good golfing, hunting, fishing, boat 
ing, skiing, and all other winter sports. 

Apply to: 
The Director 

NORTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

c/o Kirkland and District Hospital 
Kirkland Lake, Ontario 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 61 



ONTARIO 



SASKATCHEWAN 



UNITED STATES 



General Duty Nurses for 66-bed General Hospital. 
Starting salary: $405/m. Excellent personnel policies. 
Pension plan, life insurance, etc., residence accom 
modation. Only 10 min. from downtown Buffalo. 
Apply: Director of Nursing, Douglas Memorial Hos 
pital, Forf Erie, Ontario. 7-45-1 

General Duty Nurses for 1 00- bed modern hospital. 
Southwestern Ontario, 32 mi. from London. Salary 
commensurate with experience and ability; $398/m 
basic salary. Pension plan. Apply giving full par 
ticulars to: The Director of Nurses, District Memorial 
Hospital, Tillsonburg, Ontario. 7-131-1 

General Staff Nurses and Registered Nursing Assis 
tants are required for a modern, well-equipped General 
Hospital currently expanding to 167 beds. Situated in 
a progressive community in South Western Ontario, 30 
miles from Windsor- Detroit Border, Salary scaled to 
experience and qualifications. Excellent employee 
benefits and working conditions plus an opportunity 
to work in a Patient Centered Nursing Service. Write 
for further information to: Miss Patricia McGee, B. 
Sc.N., Reg.N. Director of Nursing, Leamington District 
Memorial Hospital, Leamington, Ontario. 7-69-1 A 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES (2) for a fully ac 
credited 70-bed General Hospital. For Operating 
Room Duty. Salary according to experience. Apply to: 
O.R. Supervisor, Penetanguishene General Hospital, 
Penetanguishene, Ontario. 7-99-2 

Public Health Nurses wanted for scenic urban and 
rural health unit, close to the capital city, in the 
upper Ottawa Valley tourist area. Good summer 
and winter recreational facilities. Salary range 
$5,192 $6,107. Allowance for experience and /or 
deg ree _ Usual fringe benefits. Direct enquiries to 
Miss R. Coyne, Supervisor of Nurses, Renfrew 
County Health Unit, 169 William Street, Pembroke 
Ontario. 



Pubic Health Nurse (qualified) for generalized pro 
gramme. Salary range $5,200 $6,400 according 
to experience. Salaries negotiated yearly. Personnel 
policies on request. Apply in writing to: Miss 
Beatrice What ley, Supervisor of Public Health Nurs 
ing, Waterloo County Health Unit, 109 Argyle St., 
S., Preston, Ontario. 

Public Health Nurses for Health Unit in Northern 
Ontario. Generalized Program. Good salary and 
personnel policies. Apply: Supervisor of Nurses, 
Porcupine Health Unit, Timmins, Ontario. 7-132-2 



QUEBEC 



Registered Nurses for 30-bed General Hospital. Hun 
tingdon is a small manufacturing town 50 miles 
from centre of Montreal. There are excellent social 
and recreational facilities. Salaries as approved by 
QH1S. Annual vacation 4 weeks, accumulated sick 
leave. Blue Cross paid. Bonus for permanent night 
shift. Full maintenance available for $43.50 per 
month. Apply: Mrs. D. Hawley, R.N., Huntingdon 
County Hospital, Huntingdon, Quebec. 9-29-1 

REGISTERED NURSES for modern 80-bed general 
hospital expanding to 150 beds, located in an at 
tractive, dynamic, sports oriented community 50 
miles south of Montreal. Salaries and fringe bene 
fits comparable to Montreal. Apply to: Director of 
Nursing, Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital, Cowans- 
ville, P.O. 

OPERATING ROOM STAFF NURSES: (applications are 

invited). In a modern 350-bed hospital. Salaries 
commensurate with experience and postgraduate 
education. Cumulative sick leave, 28 days annual 
vocation, retirement plan and other liberal fringe 
benefits. Apply: Director of Nursing Service, St. 
Mary s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal 
26, Quebec. -9-47-39A 



SASKATCHEWAN 



Director of Nurses required for 16- bed hospital 
located 25 miles S.W. of Saskatoon. Accommodation 
available. SRNA policies in effect. Apply stating ex 
perience and qualifications to: The Administrator, 
Delisle Union Hospital, Delisle, Sask. 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING required for modern 24-bed 
active treatment hospital. Graduates in nursing ad 
ministration or with experience will be given pre 
ference. Salary schedule will be based on the 
SRNA recommendations: Apply: Mr. R. Holinaty, 
Administrator, Wakaw Union Hospital, Wakaw, 
Saskatchewan. 

62 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



NURSING INSTRUCTORS. Positions available as nurs 
ing instructors in medico I -surgical, obstetric, pediatric 
and psychiatric nursing, 1968-69 academic term. Re 
sponsibilities include clinical and classroom teaching 
in a Two Year Program. Bachelor of Science degree 
preferred. Beginning salary $577. Apply: Director, 
Regina Grey Nuns Hospital, School t of Nursing, 
Regina, Sask. 

Registered Nurses wanted for newly enlarged 17-bed 
hospital. Salary range $421 - $525 with increment 
provision for experience. Separate nurses residence, 
40 hour week, pension plan, etc. Apply: LaVern 
Gervais, Secretary -Manager, Paradise Hill Union Hos 
pital, Paradise Hill, Sask. 

Registered Nurses required for 450-bed General Hos 
pital. Basic salary range $401. - $511. Recognition 
given for experience. Must be eligible for Saskat 
chewan registration. Apply to: Director of Nursing 
Service, Regina Grey Nuns Hospital, 4101 Dewdney 
Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan. 

REGISTERED NURSES required for 24-bed active 
treatment hospital. Established personnel policies 
and pension plan. Salary range as per SRNA 
recommendations. Adjustments to starting salary 
made for previous experience. Residence accom 
modation available at nominal cost. Apply Miss 
Fey Cook, Acting Director of Nursing, Wakaw 
Union Hospital, Wakaw, Saskatchewan. 

REGISTERED GENERAL DUTY NURSES required by a 
40-bed fully accredited hospital. Salary in accor 
dance with the SRNA. Recognition of past ex 
perience policy applicable. Frequent daily trans 
portation connections by train and bus east and 
west. Apply in writing or phone 948-3323 collect 
to: Director of Nurses, Biggar Union Hospital, 
Big gar, Saskatchewan. 

General Duty and Operating Room Nurses, also 
Certified Nursing Assistants for 560-bed University 
Hospital. Salary commensurate with experience and 
preparations. Excellent opportunities to engage in 
progressive nursing. Apply: Director of Personnel, 
University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 

GRADUATE NURSES required for 8-bed hospital in 
Southern Sask. Salary range $420 - $535. Qualifica 
tions and experience considered. Three weeks vaca 
tion plus statutory holidays and 40 hour week. Per 
sonnel policies on request. Apply to: Mrs. D.L. 
Knops, Sec.-Treas., Rockglen Union Hospital, Rockglen, 
Saskatchewan. 



UNITED STATES 



Registered Nurses, Career satisfaction, interest and 
professional growth unlimited in modern, JCAH ac 
credited 243-bed hospital. Located in one of Califor 
nia s finest areas, recreational, educational and cul 
tural advantages are yours as well as wonderful 
year-round climate. If this combination is what 
you re looking for, contact us nowlStaff nurse en 
trance salary $575-$600 per month; increases to 
$700 per month; supervisory positions at highest 
rates. Special area and shift differentials to $54. per 
month. Excellent benefits include free health and 
life insurance, retirement, credit union and liberal 
personnel pol icies. Professional staff appointments 
available in all clinical areas to those eligible for 
California licensure. Write today: Director of Nursing, 
Eden Hospital, 20103 Lake Chabot Road, Castro Val 
ley, California. 15-5-12 



REGISTERED NURSES Opportunities available at 
415-bed hospital in Medical-Surgical, Labor and 
Del ivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room and Psy 
chiatry. No rotation of shift, good salary, evening 
and night differentials, liberal fringe benefits. 
Temporary living accommodations available. Apply: 
Miss Dolores Merrell, R.N., Personnel Director, Queen 
of Angels Hospital, 2301 Bellevue Avenue, Los 
Angeles 26, California. 15-5-3G 



REGISTERED NURSES SAN FRANCISCO Children s 

Hospital and Adult Medical Center hospital for men, 
women and children. California registration required. 
Opportunities in all clinical areas. Excellent salaries, 
differentials for evenings and nights. Holidays, vaca 
tions, sick leave, life insurance, health insurance and 
employer -pa id pens ion -plan. Applications and details 
furnished on request. Contact Personnel Director, Chil 
dren s Hospital, 3700 California Street, San Francisco 
18, California. 15-5-4 

Nurses for new 75-bed General Hospital. Resort 
area. Ideal climate. On beautiful Pacific ocean. 
Apply to: Director of Nurses, South Coast Com 
munity Hospital, South Laguna, California. 15-5-50 



REGISTERED NURSES: Mount Zion Hospital and Me 
dical Center s increased salary scales now double our 
attraction for nurses who find they can afford to live 
by the Golden Gate. Expansion has created vacancies 
for staff and specialty assignments. Address enquiry 
to: Personnel Department, 1600 Divisadero Street, San 
Francisco, California 941 15. An equal opportunity 
employer. 15-5-4C 

Staff Duty positions (Nurses} in private 403-bed 
hospital. Liberal personnel policies and salary. Sub 
stantial differential for evening and night duty. 
Write: Personnel Director, Hospital of The Good 
Samaritan, 1212 Shatto Street, Los Angeles 17, 
California. 15-5-3B 

Wanted General Duty Nurses. Applications now 
being taken for nursing positions in a new addi 
tion to the existing hospital including surgery, cen 
tral sterile and supply, general duty. Salary $550 
per month plus fringe benefits. Contact: Director of 
Nurses, Alamosa Community Hospital Alamosa, 
Colorado. 15-6-1 

REGISTERED NURSES: for 75-bed air-conditioned 
hospital, growing community. Starting salary $330 
$365/m, fringe benefits, vacation, sick leave, holi 
days, life insurance, hospitalization. 1 meal furnish 
ed. Write: Administrator, Hendry General Hospital, 
Clewiston, Florida. 15-10-1 

STAFF NURSES: University of Washington. 320-bed 
modern, expanding Teaching and Research Hospital 
located on campus offers you an opportunity to 
join the staff in one of the following specialties: 
Clinical Research, Premature Center, Open Heart 
Surgery, Physical Medicine, Orthopedics, Neurosurge- 
ry, Adult and Child Psychiatry in addition to the 
General Services. Salary $525 for newly graduate 
nurse. $560 within first six months to $640. Salary 
commensurate with experience and education. Unique 
benefit program includes free University courses after 
six months. For Information on opportunities, write 
to: Mrs. Ruth Fine, Director of Nursing Services, Uni 
versity Hospital, 1959 N.E. Pacific Avenue, Seattle, 
Washington 93105. 

Registered Nurses -- with desire to grow. Im 
mediate staff openings including speciality areas 
- for nurses eligible for Washington licensure. 
General hospital, research oriented, expanding from 
300 to 500 beds. Liberal salary and fringe benefits. 
For further information contact Providence Hospital, 
Personnel Dept., 500 - 17th, Seattle, Washington, 
98122. 

Operating Room Nurses A Challenge! Excep 
tional opportunity for experienced operating room 
nurses. Recent increases in personnel staffing provide 
openings for both supervisory and staff operating 
room nurses. Salary $575 per month and up depend 
ing upon experience. Excellent fringe benefits. 
Located in the spectacular Pacific Northwest, this 
500-bed, JCAH fully accredited teaching hospital and 
medical center including a school of nursing, 
averages 10,000 procedures per year. Experience is 
available in all specialty areas. Excellent oppor 
tunities for advancement. Planned RN teaching 
programs. If you enjoy relaxed living where year 
around outdoor activities abound, the friendly "City 
of Roses", Portland, Oregon, is the place for you. 
The ski slopes of Mt. Hood and the shores of the 
Pacific Ocean are within one hour of the city. Three 
major universities provide excellent educational op 
portunities. To learn more, write or call Director of 
Personnel, Good Samaritan Hospital & Medical 
Center, 1015 Northwest 22nd Avenue, Portland, 
Oregon. 




RED CROSS 

IS ALWAYS THERE 
WITH YOUR HELP 



DECEMBER 1967 




TO CARE FOR ME AT 
U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HOSPITALS 

WANTED: PROFESSIONAL NURSES FOR 
CIVIL SERVICE POSITIONS 
EXCELLENT SALARIES 
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 
TRAVEL 

CIVIL SERVICE BENEFITS 
NEW EXPERIENCES 

For Details Write To: 

AREA PERSONNEL OFFICER 

U.S. PHS ALASKA NATIVE HEALTH AREA OFFICE 

BOX 7-741 

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 



TEACHERS 

are you interested in developing 
a progressive educational programme? 

THE SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Announces the following faculty positions for 1968 

1 . Teachers: 

Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree preferred, 
or Diploma in Education. 
Nursing experience necessary. 

2. Health Counsellor: 

Qualifications: Baccalaureate Degree or Diploma 
in Public Health. 

Nursing experience necessary. 

For further information and an 
application form, write to: 

The Director, 

SCARBOROUGH REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

2877 Ellsmere Road 
West Hill, Ontario 



THIS 

15-SECOND 

COULD 

CHANGE 

YOUR 

FUTURE 



Are you dissatisfied with your position? 

Would you like a change? 

Would you like to meet new people? 

Would you like to increase your nurs 
ing skills? 



* Would you like to work where 
there is an active research pro 
gram? 



Are you adaptable? 

Do you enjoy winter and summer 
sports? 

Do you crave more cultural advan 
tages? 

Is your life a little boring right now? 

Do you sense excitement in a change? 

If your answer is YES you will like work 
ing at this 1087 bed teaching hospital. 
Apply in writing to: 



Miss B. Jean Milligan, Reg. N., M.A., 

Assistant Director, 

Ottawa Civic Hospital, 

1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa 3, Ont. 



HOSPITAL STAFF NURSES 

Department of Veterans Affairs 

LONDON, Ontario 

Salary to $4800 

Westminster Hospital, a modern 1500-bed active 
treatment, teaching hospital, requires experienced 
graduates from an approved school of Nursing with 
Registration in a Province of Canada to: 

identify the nursing needs of patients 

plan and provide nursing care according to rec 
ognized standards and hospital policy 

assume responsibility for a ward or specialty 
unit during evening and night hours 

direct and supervise the work of nursing auxi 
liaries. 

Applications should be forwarded immediately to: 

PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF CANADA, 

Postian Building, 

395 Dundas Street, 

London, Ontario. 

Please quote Reference No. 67-T-3015 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 63 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES: Excellent opportunity for ad- 
vancement in atmosphere of medical excellence. Pro 
gressive patient care including Intensive Core and 
Cardiac Core Units. Finely equipped growing 200-bed 
suburban community hospital on Chicago s beautiful 
North Shore. Modern, furnished apartments are 
available for single professional women. Other 
fringe benefits include paid vacation after six 
months, paid life insurance, 50% tuition refund and 
staff development program. Salary range from $550- 
$660 per month plus shift differential. Contact: 
Donald L. Thompson, R.N., Director of Nursing, 
Highland Park Hospital, Highland Park, Illinois 
60035. 15-14-3C 



Registered Nurses and Certified Nursing Assistants. 

Opening in several areas, all shifts. Every other week 
end off, in small community hospital 2 miles from 
Boston. Rooms available. Hospital paid life insurance 
and other liberal fringe benefits. RN salary $100 per 
week, plus differential of $20 for 3-11 p.m. and 
11-7 a.m. shifts. C.N. Ass ts. $80 weekly plus $10 for 
3-1 1 p.m. and 1 1-7 a.m. shifts. Must read, write, 
and speak English. Write: Miss Byrne, Director of 
Nurses, Chelsea Memorial Hospital, Chelsea, Mas 
sachusetts 02150. 15-22-1 C 



Registered Nurses, modern 280-bed teaching hospital 
University City. 45 mins. f om NYC & Phil. Positions 
available in Med. - Surg. Units, Intensive Care, 
Obstetrics - New Born Nsy. Hospital fully accredited 
AM A. Approved programs for interns and residents. 
Paid hospitalizotion, tuition plan, 3-wks. Paid vaca 
tion, alternate week-ends off. Continuing education 
programs for staff. Housing available. Assistance 
given in obtaining N.J. licensure. Must be high 
school graduate. Apply: Personnel Department, Mid 
dlesex General Hospital, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey 08901. 



SEATTLE General Duty Nurses. Salary, experienced, 
days $560-$610. New graduates $525 to start. $35 
differential on evening and night shift. Excellent 
benefits. 230-bed regional referral General Hospital 
with intensive care and coronary units. Postgradu 
ate classes available at two universities. Extensive 
intern and resident teaching program. Hospital lo 
cated adjacent to Northwest s largest private clinic. 
Free housing first month. Canadian trained nurses 
with psychiatric affiliation. Please write Personnel 
Director, Virginia Mason Hospital, 1111 Terry Ave 
nue, Seattle, Washington 98101. 




NIGHT NURSE 

University Hospital is pleased to announce that starting pay for night 

nurses now ranges from $31.00 to $34.00 per shift ($8,056 to $8,839 
for an annual starting salary) depending on education and experience. 
After 4 years service, night nurse salaries range up to $9,622 

per year. The base pay for permanent evening and rotating tours 
has also been increased plus excellent University Staff benefits are 

offered to all nurses. 

University Hospital has a Service Department which assigns trained 
personnel to handle paperwork and other non-nursing chores, 

relieving our nurses for patient care exclusively. 

Ann Arbor is nationally known as a Center of Culture with emphasis 

on art, music and drama and recognized as an exciting and desirable 

community in which to live. 

Write to Mr. William Eaton, Personnel Administrator, Box B, 

A6001, University Hospital, University of Michigan for 

more information or phone collect (313) 764-2182. 

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer 

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
MEDICAL CENTER, ANN ARBOR 



THE HOSPITAL 

FOR 

SICK CHILDREN 







,. 



YOU 



Receive the advantages of: 

1 . Five-week orientation pro 
gram for new staff. 

2. Ongoing in-service education 
for nurses. 

3. Extensive student education 
program. 

4. Research Institute. 

APPLICATION FOR GENERAL 
DUTY POSITIONS INVITED 



For information contact: 

THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Canada 



64 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



MEDICINE HAT 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA 

STAFF NURSES 

Current Recommended 
Salary Scales 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

or any 
CANADA MANPOWER CENTRE 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



REGISTERED NURSES CALIFORNIA Progressive hos 
pital in San Joaquin Valley has openings for R.N. s. 
Located between San Francisco and Los Angeles near 
mountain, ocean and desert resorts. Paid vacation, 
paid sick leave, paid Blue Cross, disability insurance, 
voluntary retirement plan. Salary range frm $500 to 
$700 monthly. Write: Personnel Director, Mercy Hos 
pital, Bakersfield, California. 15-5-58A 



REGISTERED NURSES Southern California Op 
portunities available 368-bed modern hospital in 
Medical-Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Nursery, Oper 
ating Room and Intensive and Coronary Care Units. 
Good salary and liberal fringe benefits. Continuing 
inservice education program. Located 10 miles from 
Los Angeles near skiing, swimming, cultural and edu 
cational facilities. Temporary living accommodations. 
Apply: Director of Nursing Service, Saint Joseph 
Hospital, Burbank, California 91503. 15-5-63 



REGISTERED NURSES needed for rapidly expanding 
general hospital on the beautiful Peninsula near 
San Francisco. Outstanding policies and benefits 
including generous sick leave and vacation accrual, 
temporary accommodations at low cost, paid hos 
pital and major medical insurance, fully refundable 
retirement plan, liberal shift differentials, no rot 
ation, exceptional in-service and orientation pro 
grams, sick leave conversion to vacation, paid life 
insurance, tuition reimbursement. Salary range $598- 
$727. Contact Personnel Administrator, Peninsula 
Hospital, 1783 El Camino Real, Burlingame, Califor 
nia 94010. 



REGISTERED NURSES General Duty for 84-bed 
JCAH hospital 1 l/ z hours from San Francisco, 2 
hours from the Lake Tahoe. Starting salary $600/m. 
with differentials. Apply: Director of Nurses, Mem 
orial Hospital, Woodland, California. 15-5-49B 



DIRECTOR OF NURSING 
EDUCATION 

Master s degree preferred; to conduct 
basic nursing program and affiliate pro 
gram. 



Apply to: 

Director of Nursing, 
CHILDREN S HOSPITAL 

OF WINNIPEG, 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

OKANAGAN VALLEY, B.C. 

VACANCY OPEN 

FOR NURSING OFFICE 

NURSING SERVICE 

SUPERVISOR 

Preparation and experience in nursing 
service administration required, degree 
preferred. 



Applications and enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 

KELOWNA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

2268 Pandosy Street 

Kelowna, B.C. 



THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

1000 beds, part of expanding health sciences complex affiliated with the 
University of Manitoba, centrally located in large culturally alive 
cosmopolitan city, 




invites applications from 

REGISTERED NURSES seeking professional growth, opportunity for inno 
vation, and job satisfaction. 

ORIENTATION extensive two week program at full salary 

ON-GOING EDUCATION provided through 

active in-service programmes in all patient care areas 

one university credit course offered each year on hospital 
premises 

opportunity to attend conferences, institutes, meetings 
of professional association 

post graduate courses in selected clinical specialties 

PROGRESSIVE PERSONNEL POLICIES 

salary based on experience and preparation 

paid vacation based on years of service 

shift differential for rotating services 

10 statutory holidays per year 

insurance, retirement and pension plans 

SPECIALIZED SERVICE AREAS - - orthopedics, psychiatry, post 
anaesthetic, casualty, intensive care, kidney dialysis, medicine 
and surgery. 

ENQUIRIES WELCOME 

For further information please write to: 
Nursing Section 
Personnel Department 

THE WINNIPEG GENERAL HOSPITAL 

700 William Avenue 
Winnipeg, Manitoba. 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 65 



nurses 

who want to 

nurse 



At York Central you can join 
an active, interested group of 
nurses who want the chance to 
nurse in its broadest sense. Our 
126-bed, fully accredited hospi 
tal is young, and already talking 
expansion. Nursing is a profes 
sion we respect and we were the 
first to plan and develop a unique 
nursing audit system; new mem 
bers of our nursing staff do not 
necessarily start at the base salary 
of $400 per month but get added 
pay for previous years of work. 
There are opportunities for gain 
ing wide experience, for getting 
to know patients as well as staff. 

Situated in Richmond Hill, all 
the cultural and entertainment fa 
cilities of Metropolitan Toronto 
;ire available a few miles to the 
South . . . and the winter and 
summer holiday and week-end 
pleasures of Ontario are easily 
accessible to the North. If you 
are really interested in nursing, 
you are needed and will be made 
welcome. 



Apply in person or by mail to the 
Director of Nursing. 

YORK 
CENTRAL 
HOSPITAL 

RICHMOND HILL. 

ONTARIO 

NEW STAFF RESIDENCE 




UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Invites applications for Faculty 
Appointments in: 

PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSING 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL 
NURSING 

OBSTETRICAL 
NURSING 

in the four-year basic degree program. 
Effective date of employment July, 1968. 
Salaries in accord with University of Al 
berta salary schedule and commensurate 
with qualifications and experience. Mas 
ter s degree or higher preferred. 

APPLY TO: 
Ruth E. McClure, Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA 

Edmonton, Alberta 



ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
OF NURSING 

Applications are invited for the 
above position in a fully ac 
credited 163-bed General Hos 
pital in beautiful Northern On 
tario. 

Desirable qualifications should 
include B.S.N. Degree with ex 
perience in supervision. 

For further information, 
Write to : 

Director of Nursing 

KIRKLAND and DISTRICT HOSPITAL 

Kirkland Lake, Ontario. 



SUNNYBROOK 
HOSPITAL 

REGISTERED NURSES 

General Duty Nurses on rotating 
shifts are needed as part of the 
re-organization of Sunnybrook as 
a university teaching hospital. 
Employment in our Nursing Ser 
vices Department includes: 

Metro Toronto Salary Scale 
Accommodation at reduced 
rates. Full range of fringe 
benefits 

Three weeks vacation after 
1 year 

Good location bus from 
subway on to hospital 
grounds. 



For additional information, 
please write: 

Director of Personnel 
and Public Relations, 

SUNNYBROOK HOSPITAL 

2075 Bayview Avenue 
Toronto 12, Ontario 



66 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL, LONDON 

requires immediately 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For 800 bed progressive psychiatric hospital. Occupancy of new patient care facilities expected by late fall 
or early new year. Excellent opportunities for advancement within the planned expansion programme. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Reaistration in the province of Ontario. 

SALARY: R.N. $5,250.00 $6,000.00 annually. Maximum salary increased to $6,300.00 January 1, 1968. 
Salary differential for recent experience and post-basic nursing preparation. 
R.N.A. $4,383.00 $4,759.00 annually. 

BENEFITS: Sick leave credits, vacation credits, excellent pension plan, subsidized health and life insurance 
plans, annual salary increments. 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



Please apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

THE ONTARIO HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 
or call 455-51 10 extension 212 for an appointment 




Applications are invited from 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For full time, 40 hour week, Rotation Duty. 
One Weekend off Duty every three weeks. 
Vacancies in Medical, Surgical, Obstetric, 
Paediatric, Operating Room, Intensive Care 
and Emergency Unit. Active Inservice and 
Orientation programs as well as excellent 
personnel policies and fringe benefits. 

Director of Nursing 

TORONTO EAST GENERAL 
AND ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL 

Toronto 13, Ontario 












GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

required for 

RECINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

openings in all departments 
including new Intensive Care Unit 

STARTING SALARY $401 

Recognition Given For Experience 

Progressive Personnel Policies 

Apply: 

Personnel Department 
REGINA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Regina, Saskatchewan 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 67 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required for 

82-bed hospital. Situated in the Niagara 
Peninsula. Transportation assistance. 

For salary rates and personnel policies, 

apply to: 
Director of Nursing 

HALDIMAND WAR MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Dunnville, Ontario 



222 BED GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

STAFF NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Cornwall is noted for its summer and 
winter sport areas, and is an hour and a 
half from both Montreal and Ottawa. 
Progressive personnel policies include 4 
weeks vacation. Experience and post-basic 
certificates are recognized. 

Apply to: 

Ass t. Director of Nursing 

(Service) 

CORNWALL GENERAL HOSPITAL 
Cornwall, Ontario 



SCHOOL OF NURSING 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR (Medical) 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

B.Sc.N. preferred. University Diploma ac 
ceptable. Salary commensurate with qua 
lifications and experience. 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 

ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

St. Thomas, Ont. 



SUPERVISOR OF NURSING 

required by 
QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 

LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA 

(55-bed capacity) 



It is preferred that the applicant have a 
diploma and experience in nursing service 
administration. 

Salary commensurate with qualifications 
and experience. 



For further particulars apply to: 

Superintendent 

QUEENS GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Liverpool, Nova Scotia 



A REGISTERED NURSE 

BILINGUAL 

Required for a Supervisory Position in a 
modern 80-bed hospital expanding to 
150 beds. Located in the Eastern Town 
ships, an attractive, dynamic community 
50 miles south of Montreal. Postgraduate 
training in Supervision an asset. Salary 
in accordance with Quebec Hospital In 
surance Service. 

Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
BROME-MISSISQUOI-PERKINS 

HOSPITAL 
Cowansville, Quebec 



PETERBOROUGH CIVIC HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing requires 

INSTRUCTRESS (Nursing Arts) 
INSTRUCTRESS (Medical-Surgical Area) 

New self-contained education building for 
school of nursing now open. 

Trent University is situated in Peterborough 

For further information write to: 

Director of Nursing 
PETERBOROUGH CIVIC 

HOSPITAL 
Peterborough, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

announces 
FACULTY POSITIONS 

For a two year programme 

(1) Curriculum Co-ordinator 

(2) Registrar 

(3) Teachers in Nursing, Science, 
Medical, Surgical, Pediatric 
and Psychiatric Nursing. 

Enquiries are invited from qualified per 
sons. 

Apply to: 

The Director 

ST. JOSEPH S REGIONAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

London, Ontario 



BE THE NURSE OF TOMORROW TODAY! 
ON BEAUTIFUL GALVESTON ISLAND 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 

AT GALVESTON, TEXAS 

A planned pre-Service Education Program 

A Continuation Education Program 

Unit Management System Operating in all 

Hospitals 

A Clinical Area Supervisor of In-Service 

Education for OB and Medicine areas. 

Liberal Personnel Policies. 

STAFF NURSE SALARIES 

$51 4-S650, based on background of experi 
ence and education. $60 differential for 
nigths or two-shift rotation. $90 differen 
tial for evenings or three-shift rotation. 
Positions in Psychiatry, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn 
Medicine, Surgery, Operating Room, Recovery 
Room and Clinical Study Center. 

Write to: 
DIRECTOR OF RECRUITMENT 

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
HOSPITALS 

Galveston, Texas 77550 

WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 
EMPLOYER 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTORS 

required 

with preparation and experience. Eligible 
for B. C. Registration. Medical, Surgical 
and Paediatrlc areas. 

Student enrollment 200 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Victoria, B. C. 



68 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

ONTARIO HOSPITAL, -WHITBY 
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE 

SALARY: $7,500 to $8,600 

$7,800 to $9,000 
(EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968) 

An interesting position is open on the Alcoholic Research Unit at the Ontario Hospital, Whitby. 
As a member of an interdisciplinary team, the incumbent of this position would establish liai 
son with relatives, public health agencies, industry and organizations to assist in the promotion 
and development of a programme for alcoholics within the community. Travelling would be 
limited to vicinity and an automobile would be required. 

Registered nurses with a certificate in Public Health Nursing and three years of experience in 
the field of Public Health are invited to apply to: 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



PERSONNEL OFFICER 

ONTARIO HOSPITAL 

WHITBY 



NURSES 



EXECUTIVE AND GENERAL DUTY STAFF 




Victoria Hospital London, Ontario 



OPPORTUNITIES 



Unlimited challenge to progress within a modern, 1,000 bed teach 
ing hospital, affiliated with The University of Western Ontario, 
(situated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario.) Wide choice of 
specialties includes: 

MEDICINE SURGERY 

OBSTETRICS PAEDIATRICS 

OPERATING ROOM RECOVERY ROOM 

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT CORONARY CARE UNIT 

DIALYSIS UNIT PSYCHIATRY 



BENEFITS 



Top salaries and personnel policies 

40-hour work week 

28 days vacation, executive nursing personnel 

21 days vacation, general duty staff 

18 days sick leave 

FOR FURTHER DETAILS WRITE TO: 
Director of Nursing 

VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

London Ontario 




THE SCARBOROUGH 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Invites applications from General Duty Nurses. Excellent personnel 
policies. An active and stimulating In-Service Education and 
Orientation Programme. A modern Management Training Pro 
gramme to assist the career-minded nurse to assume managerial 
positions. Salary is commensurate with experience and ability. We 
encourage you to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 
this new and expanding teaching hospital with its extended ser 
vices in Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Cardiology, Plastic 
Surgery, Operating Room, Emergency, and Intravenous Therapy. 

For further information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

Scarborough General Hospital 

Scarborough 
Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 69 



THE HOSPITAL 



FOR 



SICK CHILDREN 




OFFERS: 



1. Satisfying experience 

2. Stimulating and friendly en 
vironment. 

3. Orientation and In-Service 
Education Program. 

4. Sound Personnel Policies 

5. Liberal vacation. 

APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS INVITED. 

For detailed information 
please write to: 

The Assistant Director 

of Nursing 
AUXILIARY STAFF 

555 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 



HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

HOSPITAL 

Newly expanded 350-bed hospital. Progressive patient care con 
cept. 

SALARY 

General Staff Nurses (Currently Registered in Ontario) $400.00 - 
$480. 5-increments. 

Registered Nursing Assistants (Currently Registered in Ontario) 
$295.00 - $331.00, 3 increments. 

HOUSING 

Furnished apartments available at subsidized rates. 

JOB SATISFACTION 

High quality patient care and friendly working environment. We 
appreciate our personnel and encourage their professional develop- 
.ment. 

You are invited to enquire concerning employment opportunities to: 
Director of Nursing 

HUMBER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 

200 Church Street, Weston, Ontario 
Telephone 249-8111 (Toronto) 



CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

Registered General Duty Nurses 

AND 

Certified Nursing Aides 
(Registered Nursing Assistants) 

This is a modern, 1,000-bed hospital including a new 200-bed conval 
escent-rehabilitation section. 

Benefits include pension plan, sick leave, plus a liberal vacation policy. 

REGISTERED NURSES SALARY: 1967 $380 - 450 

1968 $405 - 485 
with recognition for experience and post-graduate preparation. 

CERTIFIED NURSING AIDES SALARY: $260 - 300 plus shift differential for 
evening and night duty. 

Apply to: 
Personnel Assistant 

CALGARY GENERAL HOSPITAL 

841 Centre Avenue East, Calgary, Alberta 



70 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 




THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

is accepting applications from 
Registered Nurse Candidates for 
a 6 month course in Operating 
Room Technique and Manage 
ment. 

The class will commence March 
4, 1968. 

For further information apply to : 
The Director of Nursing 

THE UNIVERSITY OF 
ALBERTA HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta. 



DIRECTOR OF 

NURSING 

EDUCATION 

Fully accredited hospital school 
of 70 students located in Colo 
rado. J.C.A.H. Accredited Gen 
eral Hospital with expansion 
plans. Position open for imme 
diate appointment. Master s De 
gree required. Salary Commen 
surate with qualifications, start 
ing in the range of $12,000. to 
$15,000 per annum. Excellent 
personnel policies, benefits and 
working conditions. Located at 
the foot of Pikes Peak with many 
cultural, recreational and educa 
tional opportunities. 

Apply: 

Kenneth S. Meredith 

FACHA 
Executive Director 

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 
COLORADO SPRINGS 

Colorado 80901 



ST. CLAIR COLLEGE 

REQUIRES A 
HEAD OF HEALTH SERVICES 

THE POSITION a new office created to administer a wide variety of proposed vocational 
ly oriented courses connected with the Paramedical field Health Services Field e.g. 
Medical Laboratory Technology, Nurses Training, X-Ray Technologist, Public Health. 

THE SUCCESSFUL APPLICANT will report to the Dean of Arts and Science will be asked 
to develop and administer courses such as those listed above with the guidance and 
assistance of local authorities in the corresponding occupations. 

should have several years of field and/or teaching experience in an occupation as 
sociated with the Health Science field. will be asked to teach some classes in one of 
the above areas. should have proven ability to work compatibly with people, to 
organize and to administer. 

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS M.A., M.D., or Ph.D. in one of the Biological Sciences, or 
Health Service field. 



SALARY RANGE Open to negotiation and competitive with equivalent positions 
medical and industrial fields. 



the 



ST. CLAIR COLLEGE is a young, dynamic and rapidly growing educational organization, de 
voted to assisting young people to prepare themselves both socially and vocationally 
for the complex world which they are entering as adults. We invite you to assist us in 
this exciting and challenging venture. 

Enquiries should be addressed to, or phone: 
DR. R. C. QUITTENTON, President 

ST. CLAIR COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY 
TALBOT RD., WINDSOR, ONTARIO. 966-1656 



BELLEVILLE 

GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 



Located in Ontario s Summer Resort 
Area with easy access by rail or 
Road to major cities and U.S.A. 



OPERATING ROOM SUPERVISOR 

A new hospital being completed this year will increase the existing 
bed capacity to 450. An operating room complex incorporating auto 
mated systems for equipment and material supply will lead the way in 
modern hospital operation. 

SALARY: Commensurate with preparation and experience with annual 
merit increments. Excellent personnel policies. Generous vacation allow 
ance and sick beneits. 



CONTACT. 
Director of Nursing Service 

BELLEVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Belleville, Ontario 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 71 



OPERATING ROOM 
SUPERVISOR 

Postgraduate trained. 

For 61 -bed well-equipped 
hospital. 

Apply: 

Administrator 

WILLETT HOSPITAL 

Paris, Ontario 



CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR 

FOR OPERATING 
ROOM 

required by 

ROYAL COLUMBIAN 

HOSPITAL 

School of Nursing 

New Westminster 

British Columbia 

For further information contact: 
Director of Nursing 



DIRECTOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Applkatipns are invited for the above 
position in an ultra-modern School of 
Nursing located in South Western On 
tario. 

Annual enrollment of 50 students. 

Two-Plus-One program commencing Sep 
tember, 1968. 

Minimum requirement - - B.Sc.N. with 
several years experience. 

Apply: 
Chairman 

Board of Nursing Education 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

COOKSVIUE, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

For all Departments and a new Psychi 
atric wing. 

Subsidized employee benefits and good 
personnel policies in effect. 

Modern, furnished apartments available. 

For information and application, 
please write to: 

Director of Nursing 
SOUTH PEEL HOSPITAL 

Cooksville, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

required 

For modern 1000-bed accredited hospital. 
Excellent advancement opportunities. 
Wide range of services provided in 
Surgery, Medicine, Emergency, Intensive 
Care, Chronic, Maternity, Psychiatric, Or 
thopaedic, etc. Excellent wages and be 
nefits program including 10 statutory 
holidays. 



Please apply to: 
Personnel Department 
HENDERSON GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Hamilton, Ontario 



RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 
OF OTTAWA 

A new, air-conditioned 340-bed hospital. 
Applications are called for Nurses for the 
positions of: 

ASSISTANT HEAD NURSES, 
GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

Address all enquiries to: 

Director of Nursing 
RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL 

OF OTTAWA 

1967 Riverside Drive, 

Ottawa, Ontario 



WILSON MEMORIAL 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

REGISTERED NURSES FOR 
GENERAL DUTY 

REGISTERED NURSING 
ASSISTANTS 

20-bed hospital. Situated in a thriving 
Northwestern Ontario community. 
Room and board provided. 

For full particulars, 
Write to: 

Director of Nursing 
Marathon, Ontario 



COUNTY OF HALTON 
Public Health Nurses 

Required Immediately 

Salary Range $5,350 - $6,550. 

Increasing 5% Jan. 1, 1968. 
(Allowance made for Experience) 

Hospital-Medical and Pension 
Plans available. 

Apply: 

Personnel Officer 
COUNTY OF HALTON 

BASE LINE 
Milton, Ontario 



INSTRUCTOR 



JEFFERY HALE S HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

1250 ST-FOY ROAD 

QUEBEC 6, P.O. 



72 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 




UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA, 
CANADA 



A 1,200 bed teaching hospital, with a School of Nursing of 450 students. A rapidly expanding Medical 

Center, situated on a growing University Campus. 



NURSING OFFERS 

^ Planned Orientation Programme 

* In Service Education Programme 

"fa Organized programme to provide op 
portunities for Team Leaders, Leader 
ship Responsibility 

* Opportunities for Professional develop 
ment in O.R., Coronary Care, Cardiac 
Surgery, Renal Dialysis, Neurosurgery, 
and Rehabilitation 



For more information write to: 
Director of Nursing 

UNIVERSITY 

OF ALBERTA 

HOSPITAL 

Edmonton, Alberta 
Canada 



BENEFITS 

* Excellent Patient Care Facilities 

^ Salary scaled to qualification and ex 
perience 

* Liberal personnel policies 




ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL 
Edmonton, Alberta. 

Active treatment hospital complex of 1,013 beds, includes: Active 
Treatment Pavilion of Medical, Surgical, Intensive Care Units 
(29 beds), Central Service, Operating Rooms, Post-Operative Reco 
very Room, Out-Patient Departments, Women s Pavilion and Child 
ren s Pavilion. 

Orientation and inservice program for all staff. Experience 
and post-graduate preparation recognized in accordance with 
negotiated salary agreements. 

Interested in applications for all services: 

Supervisors, Head Nurses, General Staff Nurses, Clinical In 
structors for School of Nursing, Certified Nursing Aides. 

Please submit your complete resume to: 
Personnel Department, 

ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL, 

EDMONTON, ALBERTA. 



VERMONT 

BECKONS 




Newly merged 

Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 
offers career growth, time for fun. 

Mary Fletcher and DeGoesbriand Memorial Hospitals are now 
merged into a 750-bed teaching hospital adjacent to the University of 
Vermont with teaching programs in Nursing, Medicine and Allied 
Health Sciences. Continuous In-Service programs with planned 
orientation. Six major ski areas within 50 miles. Beginning staff 
nurses earn $6000 to $7280. 



Personnel Office, Dept. 412 

Medical Center Hospital of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

Please tell me more about nursing in Vermont. 

Name 

Address 



Zip 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 73 



What does 
Methodist Hospital 
have to offer me? 



At the Methodist Hospital, where research is a part 
of progress, a nursing career takes on new horizons 
rich in meaning and professional satisfaction. 

If you re looking for the chance to be the nurse 
you ve always dreamed of coming to the world 
famous Methodist Hospital can be an adventure 
almost like stepping into the future splendid 
facilities, so much advance equipment and 
everywhere the newest medical and patient care 
techniques are in use. 

Some of the best aspects of nursing at METHODIST 
are as old as medicine itself there is a spirit of 
kindness and consideration, and emphasis on patient 
care, that make this a hospital where nursing is 
satisfying and rewarding, day by day. 

Methodist Hospital is right in the center of the world s 
great Medical, Research and Educational complexes. 
HOUSTON is an exciting city rodeo and opera, 
pro-football and the famous Alley Theatre, water spons 
and beaches an hour or less away, the Houston 
Symphony and the Astrodome! 



A Few Quick Facts: We re affiliated with Baylor 
University College of Medicine and associated with 
Texas Woman s University College of Nursing. 
New $9V2 million Cardiovascular and Orthopedic 
Research Center will open soon. Our Inservice 
Education Department gives you thorough 
orientation, and continued instruction in new 
concepts and techniques. You ll find every 
encouragement to broaden your skills, 
including tuition assistance in obtaining 
further education in nursing. 



Send for Your Colorful Informative Illustrated 
Brochure ... to learn about Methodist Hospital, 
Houston, positions available, salary and employment 
benefits, tuition allowance, complimentary room 
accommodation and our Nurse Specialist Programs. 
Write, call or send coupon, Director of Personnel, 
The Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, 
Houston, Texas 77025 



Director of Personnel, THE METHODIST HOSPITAL , Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 

Please send me your brochure about nursing opportunities at THE METHODIST HOSPITAL Texas Medical Center 
Name . 



Address- 
City 



-State. 



-Zip Code_ 




i 




HOSPITAL: 

A newly expanded 257 bed hospital with such progressive 
care concepts as a 12-bed I.C.U., 22-bed psychiatric and 
24-bed self care unit. 

IDEAL LOCATION: 

45 minutes from downtown Toronto, 15-30 minutes from ex 
cellent summer and winter resort areas. 

SALARIES: 

Registered Nurses: $400.00 - $480.00 per month. 

Registered Nursing Assistants: $295.00 - $331.00 per month. 

FURNISHED APARTMENTS: 

Swimming pool, tennis courts, etc. (see above) 

OTHER BENEFITS: 

Medical and hospital insurance, grojp life insurance, pension 
plan, 40 hour week. 

Please address all enquiries to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

YORK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

596 Davis Drive 
Newmarket, Ontario 



MAIMONIDES HOSPITAL 
AND HOME FOR THE AGED 

AN OPPORTUNITY.... 

A CHALLENGE 

A NEW EXPERIENCE.... 

SUPERVISORS, STAFF NURSES, NURSING 
ASSISTANTS, INSTRUCTORS, PSYCHIATRIC 
NURSE: 

We invite you to join the nursing staff of New Mai- 
monides. 

LIBERAL VACATION .... HEALTH AND 
PENSION PLANS .... SALARIES COM 
MENSURATE WITH RECOGNIZED SCALES 

Apply to: 

DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

5795 Caldwell Avenue 
Montreal 29, Quebec 



74 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



there are over 

200,000 more 

who need your help! 




REGISTERED NURSES PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES 
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

Have you considered a Career with the... 

Indian Health Services of MEDICAL SERVICES 
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

for further information write to: MEDICAL SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE, OTTAWA, CANADA 



SCHOOL OF NUKING 

WOODSTOCK 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario 
will require 

TEACHERS - JULY, 1968 

For the approved two year curri 
culum with a third year of expe 
rience in nursing service (50 stu 
dents enrolled annually). 

QUALIFICATIONS: University pre 
paration in Nursing Education. 

SALARY: Commensurate with ex 
perience and education. 

Apply to: 

Director 
School of Nursing 

WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Woodstock, Ontario 



THE LORRAIN 
SCHOOL of NURSING 

PEMBROKE, ONTARIO 

requires 

TEACHERS 

for a Two plus One Programme 
which commenced in September, 
1967. 

Well-equipped, modern School of 
Nursing opened in 1961. 

Qualifications: University prepa 
ration required. 

Salary commensurate with pre 
paration and experience. 

Apply to: 
The Director 

LORRAIN SCHOOL OF NURSING 

201 Deacon St. 
Pembroke, Ontario 



AJAX AND 

PICKERING 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

AJAX, ONTARIO 
127 Beds 

Nursing the patient as an indi 
vidual. Vacancies, General Duty 
R.N. s and Registered Nursing 
Assistants for all areas, Full time 
and part time. Salaries as in Me 
tro Toronto. Consideration for ex 
perience and education. Excellent 
fringe benefits. Residence accom 
modation, single rooms, House 
keeping privileges. 

Apply to: 
NURSING OFFICE PERSONNEL 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 75 



WOODSTOCK GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Requires 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

All Departments 

Apply: 

Director of Nursing 
WOODSTOCK GENERAL 

HOSPITAL 
Woodstock, Ontario 



McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL 

requires 

Registered Nurses for General Staff. The 
hospital is friendly and progressive. 
It is now in the beginning stages of a 
$3,500,000 program of expansion and 
renovation. 

Openings in all services. 

Proximity to Lakehead University 
ensures opportunity for furthering 
education. 



For full particulars write to: 

Director 
of Nursing Service 

McKELLAR GENERAL HOSPITAL, 
Fort William, Ontario. 



REGISTERED NURSES 

For new 100-bed General Hospital in the 
beginning stages of an expansion pro 
gram, located on the beautiful Lake of the 
Woods. Three hours travel time from 
Winnipeg with good transportation avail 
able. Wide variety of summer and win 
ter sports swimming, boating, fishing, 
golfing, skating, curling, tobogganing, 
skiing. 

Salary: $415 with allowance for experi 
ence. Residence available. Good per 
sonnel policies. 

Apply to: 

Director of Nursing 

KENORA GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Kenora, Ontario 



PORT COLBORNE 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 

PORT COLBORNE, ONTARIO 

STAFF NURSES 

required 

For 166-bed hospital within easy driving 
distance of American and Canadian me 
tropolitan centres. Consideration given for 
previous experience obtained in Canada. 
Completely furnished apartment-style resi 
dence, including balcony and swimming 
pool facing lake, adjacent to hospital. 

Apply: 
Director of Nursing 

GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Port Colborne, Ontario 



REGISTERED NURSES 

Qualified or Interested in Qualifying for 
Employment in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit 

GENERAL STAFF NURSES 

REGISTERED NURSING 

ASSISTANTS 

Modern 395-bed, fully accredited General 
Hospital with School of Nursing. 

Excellent personnel policies, O.H.A. pen 
sion plan. 

Pleasant, progressive, industrial city of 
23,000. 

Apply: 

Personnel Officer 
ST. THOMAS-ELGIN 
GENERAL HOSPITAL 
St. Thomas, Ontario 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

LONDON, ONTARIO 

Teaching Hospital, 600 beds, new facilities 
requires : 

REGISTERED NURSES 
REGISTERED NURSING ASSISTANTS 

For further information apply : 

The Director of Nursing 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

London, Ontario 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, W.C.I, and 

MAIDA YALE HOSPITAL, 
W. 9. 

LONDON 

(POST-GRADUATE TEACHING 

HOSPITALS) 

NEUROLOGY AND 

NEUROSURGERY 

These unique hospitals of international 
repute offer to Registered Nurses: 

1) One year course badge and certi 
ficate awarded. 

2) Operating Theatre experience. Mini 
mum period of appointment, four 
months. 

3) General duties on medical and sur 
gical wards, occasional vacancy at 
Convalescent Hospital (near Hamp- 
stead Heath), minimum periods of ap 
pointment two months. 

Consideration given to Nurses wishing to 
take extended holidays. 

This branch of nursing has a special ap 
peal to those interested in research and 
the humanitarian aspect of nursing. 

Further particulars may be 

obtained from: 

Matron 

THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

Queen Square, London, W.C.I 
England 



DIRECTOR OF 

NURSING 

For 65-bed general hospital in 
southern New Brunswick town 
within 1 hour drive from Saint 
John, Moncton, Fredericton, Fun- 
dy Park, Poley Mountain ski 
area. 

Salary for R.N. with Bacc. de 
gree is: $5,736 to $6,972 per 
annum, in accordance with 
amount of experience. 5% anni 
versary increases. 

Employment to commence Jan 
uary 1, 1968. 

For complete particulars apply to: 
Administrator 

KINGS COUNTY MEMORIAL 
HOSPITAL 

Sussex, N.B. 



76 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



PALO ALTO-STANFORD 
HOSPITAL CENTER 



^^ 9 J ^^ ^ % 
Located on the beautiful campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. 




One of the nation s formost teaching hospitals invites you to work and learn on the San 
Franscisco Peninsula. Enjoy California weather in one of the most stimulating cultural and 
recreational environments in the U.S.A. 



For additional information 

NAME: 

ADDRESS: 

CITY: 

SERVICE DESIRED: 



STATE: 



Return to: p AL Q ALTO-STANFORD HOSPITAL CENTER 

Personnel Department 300 Pasteur Drive 
Palo Alto, California 



ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

TORONTO, ONTARIO 

REGISTERED NURSES 

and 

REGISTERED 
NURSING ASSISTANTS 

700-bed fully accredited hospital provides 
experience in Operating Room, Recovery 
Room, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics 
Orthopedics, Psychiatry, General Surgery 
and Medicine. 

Orientation and Active Inservice program 
for all staff. 

Salary is commensurate with preparation 
and experience. 

Benefits include Canada Pension Plan, 
Hospital Pension Plan, Group Life Insu 
rance. After 3 months, cumulative sick 
leave Ontario Hospital Insurance 
50% payment by hospital. 

Rotating Periods of duty 40 hour week, 
8 statutory holidays annual vacation 
3 weeks after one year. 

Apply: 

Assistant Director of 
Nursing Service 

ST. JOSEPH S HOSPITAL 

30 The Queensway 
Toronto 3, Ontario 




ONTARIO SOCIETY 

FOR 

CRIPPLED CHILDREN 

requires 

Camp Directors 

General Staff Nurses 

Registered Nursing Assistants 

for 

FIVE SUMMER CAMPS 

located near 

OTTAWA COLLINGWOOD 

LONDON PORT COLBORNE 

KIRKLAND LAKE 

Applications are invited from nurses in 
terested in the rehabilitation of physically 
handicapped children. Preference given to 
CAMP DIRECTOR applicants having super 
visory experience and to NURSING ap 
plicants with paediatric experience. 

Apply in writing to: 

Miss HELEN WALLACE, Reg. N., 

Supervisor of Camps, 

350 Rumsey Road, 

Toronto 17, Ontario 



NURSING 
SUPERINTENDENT 
SALARY TO $8,220 

Required for a 295-bed T.B. institution in 
the City of Edmonton. This individual will 
be directly responsible to the Medical Su 
perintendent for the overall administration 
of the hospital s nursing program. Appli 
cants must have a B.Sc. in Nursing and 
be eligible for registration in the A.A.R.N. 
Several years experience are required, 
some of which must be in a responsible 
administrative capacity. Applicants should 
apply to: the Medical Superintendent, 
Aberhart Memorial Sanatorium, Edmon 
ton, Alberta, quoting Competition No. 
DPH 7/67. Competition Closes December 
20, 1967. 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 77 



UNITED STATES 



TEAM LEADER opportunities in North Miami. The 

newly expanded 372-bed North Miami General 
Hospital needs evening and night Registered Nurse 
team leaders for its Medical-Surgical Units. Salaries 
are $652-$678 per month depending upon experience. 
North Miami General is a fully accredited five 
year old hospital with liberal fringe benefits and 
a continuing education program for Registered Nurses. 
For a descriptive brochure and hospital policies 
write: North Miami General Hospital, North Miami, 
Florida. J. Larry Sims, Administrative Assistant. An 
equal opportunity employer. 15-10-2A 

Registered Nurse (Scenic Oregon vacation play 
ground, skiing, swimming, boating & cultural 
events) for 295-bed teaching unit on campus of 
University of Oregon medical school. Salary starts 
at $575. Pay differential for nights and evenings. 
Liberal policy for advancement, vacations, sick 
leave, holidays. Apply: Multnomah Hospital, Port 
land, Oregon. 97201. 15-38-) 



UNITED STATES 



STAFF NURSES: To work in Extended Care or Tuber- 
culosis Unit. Live in lovely suburban Cleveland in 
2-bedroom house for $55 a month including all 
utilities. Modern salary and excellent fringe benefits. 
Write Director of Nursing Service, 4310 Richmond 
Road, Cleveland, Ohio. 15-36 1 F 

STAFF NURSES Here is the opportunity to further 
develop your professional skills and knowledge in our 
1,000-bed medical center. We have liberal personnel 
policies with premiums for evening and night tours. 
Our nurses residence, located in the midst of 33 
cultural and educational institutions, offers low-cost 
housing adjacent to the Hospitals. Write for our booklet 
on nursing opportunities. Feel free to tell us what type 
position you are seeking. Write: Director of Nursing, 
Room 600, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University 
Circle, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 15-36-lG 



ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 



MONTREAL, QUEBEC 



POSTGRADUATE COURSES 

1. (a) Six month clinical course in Obstetrical Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 

(b) Two month clinical course in Gynecological Nursing. 
Classes following the six month course in Obstetrical 
Nursing. 

(c) Twelve week course in Care of the Premature infant. 

2. Six month course in Operating Room Technique. 
Classes September and March. 

3. Six month course in Theory and Practice in Psychiatric 
Nursing. 

Classes September and March. 



For information and details of the courses, apply to: 
DIRECTOR OF NURSING 

ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL 

Montreal, P.O. 



UNIVERSITY OF 
BRITISH COLUMBIA 

School of Nursing 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC 
NURSING 

DEGREE COURSE FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

Both of these courses lead to the 
B.S.N. degree. Graduates are pre 
pared for public health as well as 
hospital nursing positions. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR 
GRADUATE NURSES 

1. Public Health Nursing. 

2. Administration of Hospital 
Nursing Units. 

3. Psychiatric Nursing. 

For information write to: 
The Director 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 
UNIVERSITY OF B.C. 

Vancouver 8, B.C. 



THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL 

QUEEN SQUARE, LONDON 
W.C.I., ENGLAND 

(NEUROLOGY and 

NEUROSURGERY) 

POST-GRADUATE 

NURSING EDUCATION 

One year courses are open to 
graduates of accredited Schools 
of Nursing with good education 
al background. 

Three months academic teaching 
in the School of Nursing under 
guidance of Sister Tutor assisted 
by teaching Staff of Senior Neu 
rologists and Neurosurgeons. 
Eight months Clinical experience. 
Five weeks vacation. 
Certificate and badge of the Hos 
pital awarded to successful Stu 
dents. 

Full graduate salary paid 
throughout the year. 
This work has a special appeal 
to nurses interested in research 
and the humanitarian aspect of 
Nursing. 

FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO THE 
MATRON 



78 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

ANNOUNCES A VACANCY AT THE 
ONTARIO HOSPITAL, SOUTH PORCUPINE 
FOR A 



NURSING INSTRUCTOR 



SALARY 



$6,300 $7,200 
$6,700 $7,600 

EFFECTIVE January 1, 1968 

$6,600 $7,500 
$7,000 $7,900 



(without B. Sc. N. degree) 
(with B. Sc. N. degree) 

(without B. Sc. N. degree) 
(with B. Sc. N. degree) 



DUTIES: 

To give instruction in psychiatric nursing to Hospital Aids and Attendants in the Departmental Training Course. 
To participate in the planning of the instruction programme, determine instruction methods, present lectures, 
observe and counsel students. 

QUALIFICATIONS: 

Registration as a Nurse in Ontario and a post-graduate certificate in nursing education from a university of 
recognized standing or completion of at least a 1 year course at university level which includes the principles 
for teaching or the B. Sc. N. degree. Preferably at least 1 year s experience as a graduate nurse. 

Qualified personnel of the Department of Health are invited to apply for this position by submitting their 
applications (Form CS. 1) through their Personnel Officer, or Business Administrator to: 




ONTARIO 

PROVINCE OF OPPORTUNITY 



DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 

PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO 5, ONTARIO 




DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

DEGREE COURSE IN BASIC NURSING (B.N.) 

An integrated program extending over four calendar years is of 
fered to candidates with Senior Matriculation and prepares the stu 
dent for nursing practices in the community and hospitals. 

DEGREE COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES (B.N.) 

A program extending over three academic years is offered to Re 
gistered Nurses who wish to obtain a Bachelor of Nursing degree. 
The course includes studies in the humanities, sciences, and a 
nursing specialty. 

DIPLOMA COURSES FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
1 YEAR 

(!) Nursing Service Administration 

(2) Public Health Nursing 

(3) Teaching in Schools of Nursing 

DIPLOMA COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES 
2 YEARS 

Outpost Nursing Course extending over two calendar years and 
leading to a Diploma in Public Health Nursing and a Diploma in 
Outpost Nursing. 

For further information apply to: 
Director, School of Nursing 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Halifax, N.S. 



UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 

Due to changes in the program offerings in this 
School, new faculty positions are being created. A 
planned reorganization of all curricula will be imple 
mented, and applications are invited from qualified 
faculty who are interested in assisting in the reor 
ganization of the program. 

Applicants should have a Master s degree and be 
prepared to teach nursing at the university level. A 
doctorate is preferred. 

Academic rank will be in accordance with academic 
qualifications and professional experience. 

Salaries in this School of Nursing are in accordance 
with the university scale. Date of appointment will 
be during the summer 1967. 

Please write to: 
Miss F. M. Roach, Director, 

SCHOOL OF NURSING 

University of Windsor, 
Ontario 



DECEMBER 1967 



THE CANADIAN NURSE 79 



NURSES 

Get Up and Go to 

COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL 

Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 




*s 



gfttS^ 



C* 



where you can earn from 

$ 570 TO $ 845 A MONTH 

If you are a Registered Nurse, you can earn 
from $570.00 to $845.00 per month at one 
of the finest medical centers in the world, lo 
cated in the heart of Chicago the nation s 
transportation hub. You will: work with a pro 
gressive staff, using the most modern equip 
ment and employing the very latest techniques 
enjoy modern living quarters at moderate 
rates have paid vacations, holidays and sick 
leave. Travel relocation loans are available 
(interest free). 

For more information about us why not mail 
the attached coupon today. 



Personnel Manager CNJI 

Cook County School of Nursing 
1900 West Polk Street 
Chicago, Illinois 60612 U.S.A. 

Yes, I am interested in hearing more about employment at 

Cook County Hospital. Please send me the following: 

n Specially equipped Burn Unit 

n Newly established Trauma Unit 

D Adults and Children s Cardiology 

n Medical Surgical Specialties 

n Neuro-surgery 

D Medical Research 

n Pediatrics 

n Obstetrics 

n Other Interests 



NAME 



Address. 
City 



_Country_ 



Index 

to 

advertisers 

December 1967 



Abbott Laboratories Limited 

Ames Company of Canada Limited 

Boehringer Ingelheim Products 

Canadian Sugar Institute 

Clinic Shoemakers 

Facelle Company Limited 

Foster Parents Plan 

Lakeside Laboratories (Canada) Ltd 

Lewis-Howe Company (Turns) 

C.V. Mosby Company, Ltd. 

Parke, Davis & Co. Limited 

J.T. Posey Co. 

Reeves Company 

W.B. Saunders Company 

Sterilon of Canada Limited 

United Surgical Corporation 

White Sister Uniform Inc 

Winley-Morris Company, Ltd 

Winthrop Laboratories 



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Advertising Representatives 
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Cover III 
13, 26 

23 



15 
1 

21 

5 

11 

54 
2 
17 
52 
20 



25 

53 
Cover II 

7, 54 

Cover IV 



80 THE CANADIAN NURSE 



DECEMBER 1967 



1967 INDEX 



INDEX TO VOLUME SIXTY-THREE 



JANUARY-DECEMBER 1967 



The 



Canadian 

Nurse 





Official Journal of the Canadian Nurses Association 



ABOUD, Viola M. 

Biog., (port), 22 (Apr) 

ABOU-YOUSSEF, Enaam 

Biog., (port), 19 (Mar) 

ABT, Mary 

Bk. rev., 51 (Jul) 

ACCESSION LIST 
see Canadian Nurses Association 
Library. Accession list. 

ACCIDENT PREVENTION 

Hazardous fashion, 23 (Jun) 

ACKMAN, Douglas 

Anomalies and infection of genitourinary 
tract, 44 (Oct) 

ADAM, Evelyn 

Bk. rev, 51 (Jul) 

ADDICTIONS 

Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic 

drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar) 
Drug dependency research expensive luxury 

or necessary commodity? (Paulus), 36 

(Mar) 

New hospital to treat addictions, 15 (May) 
Use of narcotics in addict therapy. (Halli- 

day), 39 (Mar) 

ADOLESCENTS 

Adolescents in hospital, (Lussier-Gauthier), 
43 (Aug) 

AISH, Arlene 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 
Bk. rev., 50 (Oct) 

ALBERTA ASSOCIATION OF 
REGISTERED NURSES 

"Largest ever" convention for Alberta 

nurses. 12 (Jul) 
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses, 

17 (Jul) 

ALCOHOLISM 

Alcoholism problems probed by nurses, 15 
(Apr) 

ALLAN, Pamela 

Bk. rev., 53 (Aug) 
Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 

ALLEN, Moyra 

Bk. rev., 53 (Oct) 

ALLERGIES 

Environmental medicine: new field, 12 
(Jul) 

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF 
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS 

Nurses speak at hospital administrators 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 

AMERICAN DIETETICS 
ASSOCIATION 

Holds fiftieth anniversary meeting in Chi 
cago, 12 (Oct) 

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Supports nursing salary raise, 16 (Mar) 

II 



ANESTHESIA 

Children and anesthesia, (Kingsley), 26 
(Oct) 

ANN MARIE, Sister 
Lethbridge sister to lead Alberta nurses, 17 
(Jul) 

ARCHIVES 

Additions to CNA Archives, 7 (Oct) 
Gifts to archives, 10 (Mar) 
Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael- 
Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug) 

ARNSTEIN, Margaret G. 

Biog., 17 (Jan) 

ARPIN, Kathleen 

A study to identify differences, on selected 
factors, (abst), 51 (Mar) 

ARSENE, Mildred Joan 

Award, 22 (Apr) 

ASHWORTH, Irene 

Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 

ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN 
MEDICAL COLLEGES 

Nurses represented at meeting, 15 (Nov) 

ASSOCIATION OF CATHOLIC 
NURSES OF CANADA 

Catholic nurses meet, 12 (Feb) 

ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF 
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 

Holds 46th annual meeting, 10 (Dec) 
PEI nurses raises association fees, 12 (Dec) 

ASSOCIATION OF NURSES OF 
THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC 

Controversy among Montreal s english- 

speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 
New formula for CNA fees submitted by 

ANPQ, 7 (Nov) 

Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (Jun) 
Staff nurses discuss work setting, 19 (Jul) 

ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED 
NURSES OF NEWFOUNDLAND 

Bursaries, 19 (Jan) 
Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan) 
"Nursing today" Theme of ARNN annual 
meeting, 12 (Jul) 

ATKINSON, C. Albert 

Community psychiatric nursing (VanKam- 
pen), 31 (Jun) 

ATTITUDES 

Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello), 
42 (Jun) 

AUTOMATION 

Automation will be "A fact of life," 14 

(Jun) 

Computerized patient, 27 (Sep) 
New electronic system aims to decrease 

hospital costs, 18 (Nov) 

AUXILIARY WORKERS 

The child care worker in psychiatry, (Lin- 

dabury), 42 (May) 
School for orderlies opens in Alberta, 8 

(Sep) 



AWARDS 

Alberta nurse first recipient of K.E. Mac- 
Laggan fellowship, 19 (Sep) 

B.C. alters policy on National Health 
Grants, 18 (Nov) 

Baccalaureate awards in 68?, 12 (Jan) 

CNF has back to wall, 9 (Dec) 

CNF Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug) 

CNF scholarship to commemorate Dr. 
Katherine MacLaggan, 10 (Dec) 

The Canadian Nurse award to be discon 
tinued, 10 (Nov) 

Cogswell Memorial Scholarship, 22 (Apr) 

Distinguished achievement in nursing edu 
cation, Kalherine E. MacLaggan, 24 
(Jul) 

Dublin-born nurse to study in Canada, 7 
(Jan) 

Everett, Muriel E., 17 (Jan) 

Facts about registered nurses in Canada 
financial assistance, 14 (May) 

Florence Nightingale Medal, to Miss Alice 
M. Girard, 25 (Jul) 

Gander Chapter of the ARNN, 19 (Jan) 

Health and welfare publications received 
PR awards, 22 (Jul) 

Leclair, Victorine, 18 (Dec) 

Macmillan Award winner for 1966, 8 
(Apr) 

Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac 
Laggan, 16 (Aug) 

Montreal Neurological Hospital announces 
new scholarship, 10 (Oct) 

Muriel Archibald Scholarship, 19 (Jan) 

NBARN awards scholarships, 12 (Dec) 

New Brunswick students award bursary, 
14 (May) 

Nova Scotia nursing students provide new 
scholarship, 7 (Oct) 

Nursing leader on committee to choose 
outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10 
(Oct) 

Nursing scholarship to honor Dorothy 
Percy, 14 (Jun) 

Order of St. John, 8 (Jan) 

Pitts, Edna, 19 (Jan) 

RCAMC bursary announced, 17 (Jul) 

Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9 
(Apr) 

Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion, 19 (Jan) 

Thorne, Anne D, NBARN bursary, 22 
(Nov) 

To Ontario students, Joanne Fyle, Sharon 
Hanna, Elizabeth Latimer, Nancy Mc- 
Ilwraith, 18 (Mar) 

University of Sherbrooke receives grant, 
14 (May) 

Winners fly to Easter Island, 16 (Feb) 

B 

BAILEY, A. Joyce 

Biog., (port), 16 (Jan) 

BAKER, Phyllis H. 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

BANISTER, Philip 

Biog., 19 (Jan) 

BANNATYNE, Judy 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 



I5ARIBEAU, Pierrette 

A study of expressed attitudes of Lamaze 
fathers toward labor and delivery expe 
rience, (abst), 52 (Mar) 

HJARTLETT, Glen W. 

Biog., (port), 22 (Apr) 

I8AYCROFT, Joan 

Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 



NEAMISH, Rahno M. 

Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 

JEAUDRY-JOHNSON, Nicole 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

{ELL, Frances E. 

A study of programs in selected schools of 
nursing, (abst), 52 (Mar) 

JELL, Irene M. 

Biog., 19 (Dec) 

JELL, Whilhelmina 

Bk. rev., 55 (Mar) 
Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 

JERGMAN, Rebecca 

From communication to coordination, 34 
(Apr) 

UIRTH CONTROL 

Conception control in family planning, 

(Dawson), 37 (Dec) 
Contraceptive practices past and present, 

(Milton), 29 (Oct) 
Is it worth it?, 23 (Aug) 
India s project number one, (Marson), 45 

(Nov) 
Ortho sponsors symposium on sex educa 

tion, 15 (Sep) 

SLACK, D. 

Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle, 
Hutchison, Graham), 50 (Jan) 

JLACK, Isabel 

Public health project in Ontario, 38 (Jun) 

tLANCHET, Jean 

Estrogen and the menopause, 38 (Feb) 

BLEEDING 

Epistaxis, 37 (Sep) 

5LOOD AND BLOOD DISEASES 

Hemophilia (Petitclerc), 36 (Jul) 
The nurse and the hemophiliac patient, 
(Drapeau), 38 (Jul) 

5LUE, Janette 

Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 

5OISVERT, Cecile 

Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur 
gery, 36 (Jan) 

5OOK REVIEWS 

American Hospital Association, Rehabilita 

tion services in hospitals and related fa 

cilities, 45 (May) 
American Nurses Association, ANA cli 

nical sessions, 1966, 52 (Aug), 56 (Nov) 
Anderson, Helen C., (Newton), Geriatric 

nursing, 51 (Feb) 



Anthony, Catherine Parker, Basic concepts 
in anatomy and physiology, 53 (Jan) 

Anthony, Catherine Parker, Textbook of 
anatomy and physiology, 53 (Dec) 

Babcock, Dorothy Ellen, Introduction to 
growth, development and family life, 56 
(Mar) 

Bailey, W. Robert, (Scott), Diagnostic mi 
crobiology, 54 (Nov) 

Binger, Carl, The two faces of medicine, 
52 (Nov) 

Boeker, Elizabeth H. (ed), (Donahue) The 
nursing clinics of North America, 52 
(Aug) 

Bogert, L. Jean, (Briggs, Galloway) Nutri 
tion and physical fitness, 45 (May) 

Brewer, John I., (Molbo, Gerbie) Gyneco 
logic nursing. 53 (Mar) 

Bridges, Daisy, History of the International 
Council of nurses, 50 (Dec) 

Briggs, George M., (Bogert, Calloway) Nu 
trition and physical fitness, 45 (May) 

Broadribb, Violet, Foundations of pediu- 
tric nursing, 56 (Nov) 

Brown Ann M., Practical nutrition for 
nurses, 48 (Jun) 

Bullough, Bonnie, (Bullough), Issues in 
nursing, 56 (Nov) 

Bullough, Vern, (Bullough), Issues in nurs 
ing, 56 (Nov) 

Cairney, John, The human body, a survey 
of structure and function, 52 (Feb) 

Calloway, Doris Howes, (Briggs, Bogert) 
Nutrition and physical fitness, 45 (May) 

Campbell, Donald, (Norris), A nurse s 
guide to anaesthetics, resuscitation and 
intensive care, 55 (Nov) 

Canada. Dept. of National Health & Wel 
fare, A bibliography and reference guide 
for occupational health nurses, 55 (Nov) 

Canadian Nurses Association CNA and 
you, 12 (May) 

Canadian Nurses Association, Guidelines 
for the construction of educational fa 
cilities for nursing programs, 10 (Nov) 

Canadian Nurses Association, Guidelines 
for the development of programs of 
universities leading to a baccalaureate 
degree in nursing, 8 (Nov) 

Canadian Nurses Association, Guiding 
principles for the development of pro 
grams in educational institutions leading 
to a diploma in nursing, 7 (Jan) 

Cobb, M. Marguerite, (Leahy), Fundamen 
tals of public health nursing, 51 (Feb) 

Davis, Phyllis E., (Hershelman), Medical 
dictation and transcription, 52 (Oct) 

Davis, Phyllis E., (Smith), Medical termi 
nology, 55 (Nov) 

Dean, W.B., (Farrar, Zoldos) Basic con 
cepts of anatomy and physiology. 45 
(May) 

Deck, Edith S., (Folta) A sociologic frame 
work for patient care, 48 (Apr) 

DeMyer, Marian K., (Tilton) Annotated 
bibliography on childhood schizophrenia, 
55 (Jan) 

Dent, Dorothy M., Self-help, Parkinson s 
disease, 21 (Sep) 

DeYoung, Lillian, The foundations of 
nursing, 46 (Jun) 



Dickens, Margaret L., Fluid and electro 
lyte balance, 51 (Oct) 

Dienhart, Charlotte M., Basic human ana 
tomy and physiology, 50 (Dec) 

Donahue, Jane C. (ed), (Boeker), The 
nursing clinics of North America, v. 2, 
no. 1, 53 (Aug) 

Dubiny, Mary Jane, (Fitch), The Macmil- 
lan dictionary for practical and vocation 
al nurses, 54 (Nov) 

Eddy, Ann, (Hammar) Nursing care of the 
adolescent, 53 (Mar) 

Edmunds, Vincent (Scorer) ed, Ethical re 
sponsibility in medicine; a Christian 
approach, 51 (Dec) 

Elinson, Jack (Padilla, Perkins), Public 
image of mental health services, 50 
(Dec) 

Farrar, G.E., (Dean, Zoldos) Basic con 
cepts of anatomy and physiology, 45 
(May) 

Fitch, Grace E., (Dubiny), The Macmillan 
dictionary for practical and vocational 
nurses, 54 (Nov) 

Fivars, Grace, (Gosnell), Nursing evalua 
tion: The problem and process, 51 (Sep) 

Folta, Jeannette R., (Deck) A sociological 
framework for patient care, 48 (Apr) 

Fox, David J., Fundamentals of research 
in nursing, 53 (Jan) 

French, Ruth M., Nurses guide to diagnos 
tic procedures, 51 (Jul) 

Garb, Solomon, Laboratory tests in com 
mon use, 48 (Apr) 

Gerbie, Albert B., (Brewer, Molbo) Gyne 
cologic nursing, 53 (Mar) 

Gibson, John, Psychiatry for nurses, 51 
(Feb) 

Gosnell, Doris, (Fivars), Nursing evalua 
tion: The problem and process, 51 (Sep) 

Gragg, Shirley Hawke, (McClain) Scientific 
principles in nursing, 52 (Aug) 

Greenler Dison, Norma, An atlas of nurs 
ing techniques, 51 (Sep) 

Griffith, John R., Taking the hospital to 
the patient, home care for the small 
community, 46 (Jun) 

Hallas, Charles H., The care and training 
of the mentally subnormal, 49 (Oct) 

Hammar, S.L. (Eddy) Nursing care of the 
adolescent, 53 (Mar) 

Heckel, Robert V., (Jordan), Psychology; 
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct) 

Hershelman, Nancy V., (Davis), Medical 
dictation and transcription, 52 (Oct) 

Hirshberg, Al, (Turpin), Vietnam doctor; 
the story of Project Concern, 49 (Oct) 

Holliday, Jane, Public health nursing for 
the sick at home, 52 (Nov) 

Hurst, Willis J., (Logue), The heart, arte 
ries and veins, 50 (Oct) 

Jackson, Q.M., A handbook of pedriatrics 
for nurses in general training, 55 (Nov) 

Johnston, Dorothy F., History and trends 
of practical nursing, 53 (Feb) 

Jordan, Rose M., (Heckel), Psychology; 
the nurse and the patient, 49 (Oct) 

Kalafatich, Audrey J., Pediatric nursing, 
53 (Jan) 

Kallins, Ethel L., Textbook of public 
health nursing, 52 (Jul) 

III 



Karnosh, Louis J., (Mereness), Essentials 
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (Jul) 

Kasirer, Eve, (ed), What s what for child 
ren, 52 (Jul) 

Krenzel, Judith R. (Rohrer), Paraplegic 
and quadriplegic individuals, 53 (Dec) 

Kron, Thora, Communication in nursing, 
52 (Nov) 

Laycock, S.R., (Munro) Educational psy 
chology, 57 (Mar) 

Leahy, Kathleen M., (Cobb), Fundamen 
tals of public health nursing, 51 (Feb) 

Lerch, Constance, (Wagner), Workbook for 
gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct) 

Lcgue, Bruce R., (Hurst), The heart, arte 
ries and veins, 50 (Oct) 

McClain, Esther M., Simplified arithmetic 
for nurses, 51 (Jul) 

McClain, Esther M., (Gragg) Scientific 
principles in nursing, 52 (Aug) 

McGhie, Andrew, Psychology as applied 
to nursing, 47 (May) 

Maternity care in the world, International 
survey of midwifery, practice and train 
ing, 54 (Mar) 

Maxwell, Harold, Migraine, 55 (Mar) 

Mereness, Dorothy, (Karnosh), Essentials 
of psychiatric nursing, 7th ed., 51 (Jul) 

Metheny, Norma Milligan, (Snively), 
Nurses handbook of fluid balance, 51 
(Sep) 

Modell, Walter, Drugs in current use 1967, 
50 (Apr) 

Molbo, Doris M., (Brewer, Gerbie) Gyne 
cologic nursing, 53 (Mar) 

Moss, Arthur B., (et al) Hospital policy 
decisions: process and action, 47 (Jun) 

Munro, B.C., (Laycock) Educational psy 
chology, 57 (Mar) 

National Commission on Community 
Health Services, Health is a community 
affair, 53 (Aug) 

National League for Nursing, Rehabilita 
tive aspects of nursing, a programmed 
instruction series, 53 (Feb) 

Newton, Kathleen, (Anderson), Geriatric 
nursing, 51 (Feb) 

Nordmark, Madelyn T., (Rohweder), Scien 
tific foundations of nursing, 49 (Oct) 

Norris, Walter, (Campbell), A nurse s guide 
to anaesthetics, resuscitation and inten 
sive care, 55 (Nov) 

Ontario Hospital Association, Metric con 
version kit for hospitals, 14 (Nov) 

Ontario Hospital Association, There is a 
place for men in the nursing world, 18 
(May) 

Padilla, Elena (Elenson, Perkins), Public 
image of mental health services, 50 
(Dec) 

Paetznick, Marguerite, A guide for staffing 
a hospital nursing service, 53 (Aug), 51 
(Sep) 

Parker, Kitty S. ( (Straub) Continuity of 
patient care: The role of nursing, 53 
(Mar) 

Perkins, Marvin, Public image of mental 
health services, 50 (Dec) 

Price, Alice L., A handbook and charting 
manual for student nurses, 57 (Nov) 

IV 



Riddle, Janet T.E., Elementary textbook of 
anatomy and physiology applied to nurs 
ing, 54 (Jan) 
Robinson, Marguerite E., The first fifty 

years, 10 (Jul), 52 (Nov) 
Rohrer, Lois M., (Krenzel), Paraplegic 

and quadriplegic individuals, 53 (Dec) 
Rohweder, Anne W., (Nordmark), Scienti 
fic foundations of nursing, 49 (Oct) 
Rosenberg, Lawrence, The story of modern 

medicine, 50 (Apr) 
Ross, Janet S.. (Wilson) Foundations of 

anatomy and physiology, 46 (Jun) 
Rothberg, June S., (ed), The nursing clinics 
of North America, v. 1, no. 3, 57 (Mar) 
Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Associa 
tion, Guide for refresher courses for in 
active nurses, 7 (Feb) 
Sataloff, Joseph, Hearing loss, 48 (Apr) 
Saxton, Dolores F., (Walter) Programmed 
instruction in arithmetic, dosages, and 
solutions, 46 (Jun) 

Scorer, Gordon (Edmunds) ed., Ethical re 
sponsibility in medicine; a Christian ap 
proach, 51 (Dec) 

Scott, Elvyn G., (Bailey), Diagnostic mi 
crobiology, 54 (Nov) 

Scott, Richards W., (Volkart), Medical 
care, readings in the sociology of med 
ical institutions, 53 (Oct) 
Sears, W. Gordon, Medicine for nurses, 55 

(Mar) 
Seedor, Marie M., Therapy with oxygen 

and other gases, 52 (Aug) 
Shafer, Kathleen Newton et al, Medical- 
surgical nursing, 52 (Dec) 
Smith, Genevieve Love, (Davis), Medical 

terminology, 55 (Nov) 
Snively, William D., (Metheny), Nurses 

handbook of fluid balance, 51 (Sep) 
Stevens, Marion Keith, Personal and vo 
cational relationships of the practical 
nurse, 48 (May) 

Straub, K. Mary, (Parker) Continuity of 
patient care: The role of nursing, 53 
(Mar) 

Tilton, James R., (DeMyer), Annotated 
bibliography on childhood schizophre 
nia, 1955-1964, 55 (Jan) 
Trail, Ira Davis, Establishing relationships 

in psychiatric nursing, 49 (Apr) 
Tunis, Barbara Logan, In caps and gowns, 

54 (Jan) 
Turner, C.E., Personal and community 

health, 51 (Dec) 

Turpin, James W., (Hirshberg), Vietnam 
doctor; the story of Project Concern, 49 
(Oct) 

Volkart, Edmund H., (Scott), Medical 
care, readings in the sociology of med 
ical institutions, 53 (Oct) 
van den Berg, J.H., The psychology of the 

sickbed, 57 (Nov) 
WHO Expert Committee on Nursing, fifth 

report, 53 (Nov) 
Wagner, Joanne K., (Lerch), Workbook for 

gynecologic nursing, 50 (Oct) 
Walter, John F., (Saxton) Programmed 
instruction in arithmetic, dosages, and 
solutions, 46 (Jun) 
Wilson, Kathleen J.W., (Ross) Founda 



tions of anatomy and physiology, 4f 
(Jun) 

Zoldos, A.J., (Dean, Farrar) Basic con 
cepts of anatomy and physiology, 45 
(May) 

BOOKS 

53 (Jan), 51 (Feb), 53 (Mar), 48 (Apr), 45 
(May), 46 (Jun), 51 (Jul), 52 (Aug), 51 
(Sep), 49 (Oct), 52 (Nov), 50 (Dec) 

BRASIER, Stanley 

Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey), 
41 (Jul) 

BRITISH COLUMBIA. UNIVERSITY. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Faculty appointments, 18 (Jan) 
To offer masters program, 12 (Jun) 

BROUGH, Sylvia J. 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

BROWN, Louise S. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Jul) 

Effectiveness of nursing visits to primigra- 
vida mothers, 45 (Jan) 

BUCHAN, Irene M. 

A study of inactive nurses in Alberta, 
Canada . . . (abst), 51 (Mar) 

BUIST, Marilyn 

Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 

BURKE, Barbara 

Bk. rev., 56 (Nov) 

BURKINSHAW, S. M. 

Bk. rev., 46 (Jun) 

BURROWS, J. 

Bk. rev., 50 (Oct) 

BYAM, Jean 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

BYCROFT, Barbara 

Bk. rev., 49 (Apr) 



CNA House see 
Canadian Nurses Association 

CAHN, C. H. 

Biog., 16 (Oct) 

CALDWELL, Marlene 
Biog., (port), 21 (May) 

CALLIN, Mona E. 

Inservice education, 32 (Aug) 

CAMPBELL, Elizabeth 

Bk. rev., 45 (May) 

CAMPBELL, Lois 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

CAMERON, Margaret Ellen 

Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 

CANADA. DEPT. OF NATIONAL 
HEALTH AND WELFARE 

Director, Child and Maternal Health, Phi 
lip Banister, 19 (Jan) 

Director, Health Resources, W.S. Hacon, 
19 (Feb) 



Nursing adviser to the Deputy Minister, 

Verna M. Huffman, 20 (Sep) 
The year in review, 8 (Feb) 

CANADIAN CONFERENCE OF 
UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS OF NURSING 

Evaluation forms need evaluation, educa 
tor points out, 15 (Jul) 

Nurses represented at Association of Ca 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 

CANADIAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION 

CHA opposes change in nursing education, 

8 (Aug) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7 

(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 Sep) 
More cooperation, 7 (Feb) 

CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Breakthrough: Nurse is guest speaker at 

doctors convention, 9 (Jul) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7 

(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 
Editorial, 3 (Aug) 
Manpower problems in nursing (Mussal- 

lem), 25 (Aug) 
More cooperation( 7 (Feb) 
Moves to Ottawa, 12 (Aug) 
Nurses invited as observers to CMA 

"Parliament," 10 (Aug) 

CANADIAN MENTAL HEALTH 
ASSOCIATION 

Award, 18 (Dec) 

Man and his mind, theme of CMHA con 
gress, 13 (Sep) 

CANADIAN NURSE 

Award to be discontinued, 10 (Nov) 
Editorial assistant, Carla Penn, 16 (Jan) 
Editorial assistant, Loral A. Graham, 15 
(Oct) 

CANADIAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 

Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation 

meets, 8 (Apr) 

Ad Hoc Committee on National Examina 
tions, 7 (Mar) 
Archives, 10 (Mar), 7 (Oct) 
Board of directors approves building guide, 

10 (Nov) 
CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7 

(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 
CNA and you, 12 (May) 
CNA auxiliary meet, 7 (Mar) 
CNA Board appoints president, 7 (Apr) 
CNA House, 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May) 
CNA offers consultation services, 8 (May) 
CNA s Repository collection of nursing 

studies, 54 (Mar) 

Canadian nurses at Expo 67, 12 (Jan) 
Committee on Nursing Education, 7 (Mar), 

7 (May) 

Committee vacancies filled, 10 (May) 
Consultation services revised and ready, 7 

(Sep) 

A dream realized, (Pepper), 39 (Nov) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 

50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec) 
Facts about registered nurses in Canada, 

14 (Jan), 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr), 14 (May), 

17 (Jun) 



First nursing service workshop a success, 
11 (Jun) 

Fluoridation gets CNA approval, 12 (May) 

Gap narrows between Canadian and Amer 
ican salary goals, 7 (May) 

The house that dedication built (Van 
Raalte), 44 (Nov) 

An impressive ceremony, (Ferguson), 42 
(Nov) 

Informal course for "Instant Librarian," 8 
(Oct) 

Interest sessions planned for CNA General 
meeting, 8 (Nov) 

Library. Accession list, 56 (Jan), 55 (Feb), 
58 (Mar), 50 (Apr), 50 (May), 49 (Jun), 
53 (Jul), 55 (Aug), 53 (Sep), 55 (Oct), 
58 (Nov), 55 (Dec) 

Lobbying, (edit.), 3 (Aug) 

More cooperation, 7 (Feb) 

New formula for CNA fees submitted by 
ANPQ, 7 (Nov) 

Nurses represented at Association of Ca 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 

Nursing consultant, higher education, Shir 
ley Ruth Good, 18 (Aug) 

Nursing Service Committee, 7 (Aug) 

Official directory, 11 (Jan), 88 (Mar), 80 
(Sep) 

Official opening CNA House (Supple 
ment), 37 (Nov) 

Publishes guide for two-year diploma pro 
gram, 7 (Jan) 

Royal Commission on Status of Women, 
brief, 8 (May) 

Social and Economic Welfare Committee 
meeting, 9 (Apr) 

Special meeting planned for provincial reg 
istrars, 8 (May) 

To prepare brief on labor relations, 7 
(Nov) 

To undertake examination service, 7 (Nov) 

Ups and downs of economic progress, 

(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 

U.S. Library council invites CNA mem 
bership, 12 (May) 

Workshops on Problem Solving, 56 (Jan), 
7 (Apr), 7 (Oct) 

CANADIAN NURSES FOUNDATION 

Baccalaureate awards in 68?, 12 (Jan) 
Editorial, (Lindabury), 3 (Oct) 
Has back to wall, 9 (Dec) 
Names officers, 10 (May) 
Scholarships awarded, 7 (Aug) 
Scholarship to commemorate Dr. Kathe- 

rine MacLaggan, 1ft (Dec) 
SRNA gives $5,000., 17 (Jul) 

CANADIAN PARKINSON S 
DISEASE ASSOCIATION 

Parkinson s disease association grows, 20 
(Nov) 

CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH 
ASSOCIATION 

"Community health in Canada" theme for 

meeting, 8 (Jun) 
Honorary life membership, 19 (Jan) 

CANADIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY 

Red Cross Bursary for Ontario RN, 9 
(Apr) 



CANADIAN UNIVERSITY SERVICE 
OVERSEAS 

Canadian nurses go to India, 19 (Dec) 
India s project number one, (Marson), 45 

(Nov) 

Pharmaceutical manufacturer s donate me 
dical kits to CUSO, 15 (Dec) 

CANADIAN WELFARE COUNCIL 

Says action needed to increase health man 
power, 10 (Jan) 

CANCER 

Current status of cancer chemotherapy 

(Henderson), 37 (Apr) 
The fight against cancer, (Mair), 44 (Apr) 
Gift helps cancer detection, 17 (Apr) 
Leukemia and Mongolism investigated, 13 

(Jan) 
New method for early cancer detection, 12 

(Feb) 
Prostheses for cancer patients, (Godfrey, 

Brasier), 4,1 (Jul) 
Radiation therapy for skin cancer, (Mar- 

tyn), 48 (Feb) 
Regional cancer chemotherapy (Edwards), 

41 (Apr) 

Smoking dogs get cancer, 29 (Jul) 
Tumors of the skin, (Fitzpatrick), 45 

(Feb) 

CARPENTER, Helen M. 

Bk. rev., 53 (Aug) 

CARR, Mary Watson 

Public health nurses form first chapter 
T-Groups, (Smith), 46 (Sep) 

CASEY, Alberta 
Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 

CAWSTON, H. Elizabeth 

Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 

CEREBRAL PALSY 

Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, (Hawke), 29 (Jan) 

CHAPMAN, Yvonne 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

CHATELAINE 

(No Utopia for nurses), Mollie Gillen, Jan 
1967, 21 (Mar) 

CHATIKANAND, Duanpen 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

CHITTICK, Mavis K. 
Biog., 19 (Dec) 

CHONG, Ah Foo 

Biog., 18 (Feb) 

CHOQUETTE-BLAIS, Nicole 
Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

CHRISTIE, Kay 

M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dec) 

CHRISTMAS 

M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dec) 
That s what we want for Christmas, (edit), 
27 (Dec) 



CLARK, Norma 

Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 

CLINICIANS 

see Specialism 

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 

BC psychiatric nurses dispute goes to fact 
finding panel, 14 (Aug) 

BC staff representatives discuss collective 
bargaining, 15 (Jun) 

Brockville nurses certified as bargaining 
unit, 8 (Mar) 

Certification list expands, 17 (Jun) 

Chicoutimi nurses finally get contract, 16 
(Apr) 

Collective bargaining coast to coast, 9 
(Apr) 

Contract for Hamilton nurses provides 
highest public health minimum salary in 
Province, 1 1 (Sep) 

Controversy among Montreal s English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 

Five Alberta hospitals reach salary agree 
ment, 13 (Jun) 

Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov) 

Hamilton Civic Hospital nurses apply for 
certification, 10 (Oct) 

Keep bargaining units as large as possible, 
U.S. nurse says, 12 (Jun) 

Nurses await satisfactory negotiations with 
employers, 8 (Feb) 

P.E.I. Discusses collective bargaining, 10 
(Mar) 

Public health nurses sign contract, 10 
(Apr) 

Quebec nurses granted certification, 11 
(Mar) 

RNAO greylist county hospital, 16 (Jul) 

RNAO reports progress in collective bar 
gaining, 7 (Jun) 

SPIC modernizes structure, 14 (Jun) 

SRNA holds workshops on collective bar 
gaining, 7 (Oct) 

Saskatchewan nurses attend collective bar 
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec) 

Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry nurses 
sign contract with health unit, 13 (Aug) 

United Nurses of Montreal seek accredita 
tion, 8 (Feb) 

UNM begins work on contracts, 14 (Aug) 

Ups and downs of economic progress 
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 

COLLEGE OF NURSES OF ONTARIO 

Director appointed, Joan C. MacDonald, 

23 (Nov) 
RPN s seek recognition in Ontario, 13 

(May) 

COMITE INTERNATIONALE 
CATHOLIQUE DBS INFIRMIERES ET 
DBS ASSISTANTES MEDICO-SOCIA- 
LES (CICIAMS) 

Convention theme based on human suffer 
ing, 11 (Aug) 

COMMUNICATIONS 

The angry sex, 29 (Jul) 

Public health nurses form first chapter T- 

Groups, (Koch Smith, Watson Carr), 46 

(Sep) 

VI 



COMMUNITY SERVICES 

Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson, 

VanKampen), 3 1 (Jun) 
Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar) 

CONFERENCES AND INSTITUTES 

Alcoholism problems probed by nurses, 15 
(Apr) 

Apply now for UWO senior seminar, 10 
(Apr) 

Association of Catholic Nurses of Canada, 
12 (Feb) 

CMA-CHA-CNA Conference, 7 (Feb), 7 
(Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Sep) 

Conference examines education problems, 
8 (Nov) 

Conference for editors of Nursing Jour 
nals, 12 (Oct) 

Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH, 16 
(Dec) 

First Canadian Conference on Maternal 
and Child Health held in Ottawa 8 
(May) 

First work conference scheduled for new 
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul) 

Home care topic for institute, 8 (Jan) 

ICN Council of International Representa 
tives, 16 (Feb) 

Institutes on new educational program in 
Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar) 

International Conference discusses "New 
Families," 12 (Oct) 

Man and his Mind, theme of CMHA 
Congress, 13 (Sep) 

Newfoundland seminar, 8 (Jan) 

Nurses represented at Association of Ca 
nadian Medical Colleges meeting, 15 
(Nov) 

Nurses speak at hospital administrators 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 

Nursing Homes Institute, 8 (Apr) 

Nursing Supervisors Workshop (ANPQ), 
15 (May) 

One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul) 

Pediatric nursing conference, 13 (Mar) 

Regional Workshops, 56 (Jan), 7 (Apr) 7 
(Oct) 

Registered Nurses Association at Nova 
Scotia to sponsor librarians workshop, 
12 (Dec) 

Saskatchewan nurses attend collective bar 
gaining workshops, 12 (Dec) 

Second symposium on drug safety, 16 
(Aug) 

Two-day conference set on rural health, 
15 (Jan) 

UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth se 
minar, 7 (Jan) 

Work conferences for teachers and direc 
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14 
(May) 

Workshops for directors and assistant di 
rectors, 19 (Jul) 

CONSULTANTS 

CNA consultation services, 8 (May), 7 
(Sep) 

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES 

Outbreaks of measles and scarlet fever in 
Quebec, 13 (Mar) 



CORNWALL REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Director. Tatiana Labekovski, 18 (Feb 
Ontario Regional School approved as pro 
ject for Health Resources fund, 8 (Sep; 

COSTELLO, C. G. 

Attitudes of nurses to nursing, 42 (Jun) 

COUILLARD, Marie-Veronique 

WHO medical/surgical nurse educator a i 
Niamey, Niger, 19 (Aug) 

CREDIT VALLEY REGIONAL 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Director, Oressa Hubbert, appointed direc 
tor, 20 (Apr) 

CREELMAN, Lyle 

Canadian nurses work with WHO, 8 (Nov; 

CUMMINGS, Helen 

Bk. rev., 56 (Nov) 

CUNNINGHAM, Roberta J. 

A proposed method for evaluation of 
teaching effectiveness in schools of nurs 
ing, (abst), 48 (Oct) 

CURRICULA 

Bell, Frances E. A study of programs in 
selected schools of nursing, (Abst), 52 
(Mar) 

CURRY, Barbara 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

D 

DAHL, L. 

Project bed rest, (Smith, Fowle, Hutchi 
son, Graham, Black), 50 (Jan) 

DAISLEY, Alma M. 

Bursary, SRNA, 19 (Jan) 

DALE, Howard Walter 
Biog., (port), 25 (Jul) 

DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY 

Dalhousie announces changes in nursing 

program, 8 (Oct) 
Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar) 

DATES 

23 (Jan), 21 (Feb), 23 (Mar), 23 (Apr), 25 
(May), 20 (Jun), 28 (Jul), 20 (Aug), 23 
(Sep), 18 (Oct), 51 (Nov), 20 (Dec) 

DAWSON, Elaine 

Conception control in family planning, 
37 (Dec) 

DAYKIN, Irene 

Residence living no, 31 (Nov) 

DEAFNESS 

Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test 
program, 14 (Jan) 

DEATH 

When patients die: some nursing problems, 
(Quint), 33 (Dec) 

DEJONG, Elizabeth 

Seals for patients (Johnson, Foster), 50 
(Aug) 



DeMARSH. Kathleen 

Biog.. (Port), 21 (May) 

J)ENT. Dorothy M. 

Biog.. 21 (Scp) 

DENTISTRY 

Saskatchewan public health says: "Smile! 

you re on the fluoride program." 14 

(Nov) 
Tooth transplantation possible. 16 (Mar) 

DERMATOLOGY 

U.S. Dermatologist speaks out, 15 (Mar) 

DesMARTEAU, Doris 

Bk. rev., 51 (Feb) 

DICKSON, Edith MacPherson 

Biog., 19 (Feb) 

DIER, Kathleen A. 

Bk. rev., 53 (Jan) 

DIONNE, Aline M. 

Biog., (port), 25 (Jul) 

DIONNE, Philippe 

Varicose veins of the lower limbs, 39 
(Jan) 

DOBBIE, Barbara J. 

Biog., 18 (Jan), 19 (Dec) 

DOLPHIN, Maude Irene 

Biog., 23 (May) 

DOSSETOR, J. B. 

Present status of renal transplantation, 32 
(Oct) 

DOLE, Mary Ellen 

Residence living yes, 30 (Nov) 

DRAPEAU, Janine 

The nurse and the hemophiliac patient, 38 
(Jul) 

DRUGS 

Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic 
drugs, (Epp), 42 (Mar) 

Cobalt medications withdrawn from mar 
ket, 15 (Mar) 

Drug dependency research expensive lu 
xury or necessary commodity? (Paulus), 
36 (Mar) 

Drug protection for Canadians, (Ordway), 
38 (May) 

Hospital pharmacy keeps drug informa 
tion up-to-date, 20 (Jul) 

Narcotic treatment center, 1 1 (Apr) 

Nurse and the pharmacist-partners, (Sum 
mers), 40 (Feb) 

Pharmaceutical firm expands, 16 (Feb) 

PMAC Head urges stronger patent laws, 
15 (Jan) 

Second symposium on drug safety, 16 
(Aug) 

Use of narcotics in addict therapy, (Halli- 
day), 39 (Mar) 

DUGAS, Beverly Marie 

Biog., 19 (Aug) 



DUPUIS, Louise 

Bursary, NBARN, 19 (Jan) 

DYCHE, Elsie Ruth (Yvans) 

A study to explore the effect of a plan 
ned preoperative nursing visit... , (abst), 
49 (Dec) 



ECCLESTONE, P. 

Bk. rev., 53 (Feb) 

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECURITY 

Facts about nursing in Canada, 50 (Nov) 
Ups and downs of economic progress, 

(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 
Wanted - - a revised Income Tax Act 

(edit), 25 (Jan) 

EDUCATION 

AHA official applauds goals but disa 
grees with method, 14 (Dec) 
After seven years, baccalaureate nurses 

earn more than teachers, 8 (Oct) 
Arpin, Kathleen, A study to identify dif 
ferences on selected factors, (abst), 51 
(Mar) 

Bilingual health education in New Bruns 
wick, 12 (Jun) 
Bilingual regional school for Ottawa, 10 

(Apr) 
Board of Directors approves building 

guide, 10 (Nov) 

Building program at UNB, 18 (May) 
CHA opposes change in nursing educa 
tion, 8 (Aug) 

CNA publishes guide for two-year diplo 
ma programs, 7 (Jan) 
Can we afford small schools, 48 (Dec) 
Committee on Nursing Education, 7 

(Mar) 

Conference examines educational prob 
lems, 8 (Nov) 
Continuing education courses for BC 

nurses, 14 (Aug) 
Cornwall Regional School of Nursing, 18 

(Feb), 8 (Sep) 
Dalhousie announces changes in nursing 

program, 8 (Oct) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 

50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec) 
Facts about registered nurses in Cana 
da, 14 (May), 17 (Sep) 
Graduates from Baccalaureate programs 

in nursing, 1963-66, 50 (Oct) 
Heenan, Mary St. Roch, Sr, Proposed 
method of evaluation of administrative 
behavior in nursing education, (abst), 
48 (Oct) 
Institutes on new educational program in 

Saskatchewan, 8 (Mar) 
Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 
McKinnon, M. Barbara, Sister, Coordina 
tion within the educational program 
(abst), 52 (Mar) 

Medical education research unit estab 
lished, 8 (Jan) 

More nursing schools in Britain to wel 
come male students, 15 (Nov) 



NBARN protests minister s remarks, 10 
(Aug) 

NLN affirms stand on nursing educa 
tion, 14 (Jul) 

New baccalaureate program in BC, 12 
(Aug) 

New Brunswick nurses take important 
step in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 

New CNA publication is guide for Uni 
versity nursing progams, 8 (Nov) 

New pamphlet describes nurses educa 
tion, functions, 16 (Jul) 

New school and residence facilities for 
Brandon, 11 (Apr) 

Nursing education committee recom 
mends strong controversial policies, 7 
(May) 

Nursing education in Malawi (Mona- 
ghan), 35 (Jun) 

Nursing unit administrative course re 
cords successful year, 10 (Dec) 

One school of nursing, 1 1 (Jun) 

Ontario universities report on health 

science programs, 15 (May) 

Opinion, (Margesson), 31 (Jul) 

Outpost nursing (May), 34 (Mar) 

Physical facilities readied for Saskatche 
wan regional school, 15 (May) 

Plan for nursing education presented to 
RNABC annual meeting, 11 (Jul) 

RNANS examines shortened programs, 
11 (Jul) 

Refresher courses in Quebec, 12 (Jun) 

Regional schools established in Ontario, 
13 (Aug) 

Ryerson s program studied, 12 (Aug) 

SRNA responds to Ad Hoc Committee 
report, 19 (May) 

School of nursing at Laurentian Univer 
sity, Vivian Kirkpatrick, director, 19 
(Jun) 

School of nursing entrance requirements 
changed in Ontario, 12 (Dec) 

School of nursing joins University of 
Montreal, 15 (Sep) 

Symposium on sex education for educ 
ators and counselors, 16 (Nov) 

Three-day education workshop held for 
PEI instructors, 18 (Jul) 

Tomorrow s nursing education in Saskat 
chewan, (Long), 30 (Apr) 

Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO s refresher 
course for nurses, 15 (Dec) 

UBC to offer master s program, 12 (Jun) 

UWO Sets 1970 Deadline for nurses to 

complete B.Sc.N., 10 (Sep) 
Unique nursing program scheduled for 

BCIT, 12 (May) 
Unit-based inservice education, (Sheahan, 

Gauthier, Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 
Winnipeg Children s Hospital closes 

schools for one year, 1 1 (Aug) 
Work conferences for teachers and direc 
tors of Diploma Nursing Programs, 14 
(May) 

EDWARDS, Pamela 

Regional cancer chemotherapy, 41 (Apr) 



ELLENMERS, Barbara 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 



VII 



ELLIS, Mary 

Bk. rev., 55 (Nov) 

EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS 

Hospital fringe benefits below national 
average, 8 (Feb) 

ENNS, Tina 
Bk. rev., 52 (Aug) 

EPP, Mary L. 

Care of patients addicted to non-narcotic 
drugs, 42 (Mar) 

ETHERINGTON, Helen Elizabeth 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 

EVALUATION 

Evaluation forms need evaluation, educ 
ators points out, 15 (Jul) 

EVERETT, Muriel E. 

Biog., (port), 17 (Jan) 

EXPO 67 

Canadian nurses at Expo 67, 12 (Jan) 

The handicapped at Expo 67, 8 (May) 

Hello nurses, 14 (Jun) 

Invitations available, 12 (Mar) 

It s total patient care at Expo 67 clinics, 
40 (Sep) 

Life-size anatomy, 8 (Aug) 

Maurice Chevalier and "Les Girls," 7 
(Sep) 

Medical care at Expo 67, 13 (Jan) 

Nursing coordinator, Rita J. Lussier, 16 
(Jan) 

Nursing station at Expo 67, 28 (Apr) 
9 (Jul) 

RN is Expo 67 hostess, 7 (Feb) 

Russian Health Services theme of meet 
ing, 7 (Oct) 

Surgical equipment, 14 (Jun) 

Take your shoes, 23 (Jun) 

Voluntary Emergency Forces gives 
1,000,000 hours of service, 14 (Oct) 

Wind-up, 16 (Dec) 

EXTERNAL AID 

Nurses serve abroad with external aid, 
11 (Mar) 

F 

FACTS ABOUT NURSING IN CANADA 

17 (Sep), 50 (Oct), 50 (Nov), 48 (Dec) 

FACTS ABOUT REGISTERED NURSES 
IN CANADA 

14 (Jan), 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr), 14 (May), 
17 (Jun) 

FAMILY 

Vanier Institute launches family life 
education study, 17 (Sep) 

FAST, Sandra 
Bk. rev., 54 (Nov) 

FEILOTTER, Georg 

Biog., (port), 19 (Feb) 

VIII 



FELICITAS, Mary, Sister 

CNA board appoints president, 7 (Apr) 
ICN Council of Representatives in Evian, 
France, 8 (Aug) 

FERGUSON, June I. 

Biog., (port) 18 (Dec), (port) 19 (Mar) 
Guest speaker NBARN annual meeting, 

10 (Jul) 
An impressive ceremony, 42 (Nov) 

FIELD, Helen Louise 

Biog., 20 (Sep) 

FILM REVIEWS 

55 (Jan), 54 (Feb), 58 (Mar), 50 (Apr), 
48 (Jun), 52 (Jul), 54 (Aug), 52 (Sep), 
54 (Oct), 58 (Nov), 53 (Dec) 

FILMS 

Boy to man, 55 (Feb) 

Breast self-examination, 50 (Apr) 

Canadian crusade, 50 (Apr) 

Candidate for a stroke, 54 (Feb) 

Carcinoma of the stomach, 54 (Aug) 

A century of Canadian medicine, 54 

(Feb) 
Clinical applications of microporous tapes 

in wound closures, 52 (Sep) 
A day in the life of a public health 

nurse, 58 (Mar) 
The death of the spotted dragon, 48 

(Jun) 

Drugs and the nervous system, 55 (Jan) 
Full circle, 54 (Oct) 
Girl to woman, 55 (Feb) 
Growing up safely, 52 (Jul) 
Hiatus hernia, 54 (Aug) 
Hooked, 49 (Jun) 
It could happen to you, 50 (Apr) 
Jamie The story of siblings, 54 (Aug) 
Life-story, 50 (Apr) 
Metabolic abnormalities, 58 (Nov) 
The million club, 50 (Apr) 
The name of the cloud is ignorance, 58 

(Nov) 
The nurse in emergency cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation, 55 (Jan) 
Operation headstart, 54 (Aug) 
Pediatric films, 53 (Dec) 
The positive link, 52 (Jul) 
Reinforcement therapy, 48 (Jun) 
Rheumatoid arthritis, 55 (Jan) 
Sense in the sun, 50 (Apr) 
Smoking and lung cancer, 50 (Apr) 
The special universe of Walter Krolik, 

54 (Feb) 

St. John Ambulance in Canada, 52 (Jul) 
Techniques of parenteral administration, 

52 (Jul) 

They called it fireproof, 58 (Mar) 
The third eye, 52 (Jul) 
Time and two women, 50 (Apr) 
Traitor within, 50 (Apr) 
Treatment of diabetes, 58 (Nov) 
Vascular complications of diabetes, 58 

(Nov) 

Vigil, 58 (Nov) 
What is cancer, 50 (Apr) 

FITZPATRICK, P. J. 

Tumors of the skin, 45 (Feb) 



FLEURY, Agnes,, Sister 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

FLUORIDATION 

Fluoridation gets CNA approval, 
(May) 

FOREST, Jeanne Sister 

Evaluation forms need evaluation, educ 
ator points out, 15 (Jul) 

FOSTER, Marilyn 

Seals for patients (Johnson, deJong), 5( 
(Aug) 

FOUNTAIN, Marie 

Biog., 18 (Mar) 

FOWLE, B. 

Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Hutchi 
son, Graham, Black), 50 (Jan) 

FRENETTE, Annette 

NBARN Scholarship of $500, 19 (Jan; 

FYLE, Joanne 

Award, 18 (Mar) 



GAGNE, Rollande 
Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 

GAREAU, Olivette 

A study of the congruency among the 
expectations of the head nurse..., 
(abst), 19 (Dec) 

GAUTHIER, Lucille 

Unit-based inservice education (Hheahan, 
Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 

GERHARD, Ona 

Biog., (port), 21 (May) 

GEMEROY, Helen M. 

Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 

GENEVIEVE, Sister 
Port, 7 (Jan) 

GERIATRICS 

Bell, Frances E. A study of programs 
in selected schools of nursing (Abst), 
52 (Mar) 

Expectation its role in nursing home 
care, (Lyons), 47 (Dec) 

Hubbert, M.O., The contribution of nurs 
ing personnel in an interdisciplinary 
approach to the care of the aged in a 
particular institution, (abst), 50 (Sep) 

What about the men? 29 (Jul) 



GERMAINE, Anita 

Biog., 19 (Jan) 

GIBBON, Mary E. 

Bk. rev., 46 (Jun) 






GILLEN, Mollie 

(No Utopia for nurses), Chatelaine, Jan 
1967, 21 (Mar) 



GIRARD, Alice M. 

Florence Nightingale Medal, 25 (Jul) 
Nursing Leader on committee to choose 

outstanding Civil Servant for 1967, 10 

(Oct) 

GODARD, Jean R. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Aug), 56 (Nov) 

GODFREY, C. M. 

Prostheses for cancer patients, (Brasier), 
41 (Jul) 

GOOD, Shirley Ruth 

Biog.. (port), 18 (Aug) 
Considerations for nurse recruitment, 
31 (Dec) 

GORDON, Dianne J. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Oct) 

GOZALLI, Joav 

A need for approval, (Moogk), 34 (Sep) 

GRAHAM, Loral A. 

Biog., (port). 15 (Oct) 

GRAHAM, R. 

Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle, 
Hutchison, Black), 50 (Jan) 

GRAHAM-GUMMING, G. 

Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians, 29 (Sep) 

GRIFFIN, Amy Elizabeth 

Biog., 15 (Oct) 

The improvement of the educational pre 
paration of instructors in pre-service 
programs in nursing in Ontario, (abst), 
50 (Sep) 

GRIFFITH, Vera E. 

Biog., (port), 19 (Jun) 

GRONDIN, Pierre 

Recent advances in heart surgery, 
(Meere), 32 (Jan) 

GRUNBERG, F. 

From institute to community, 26 (Jun) 

GUNN, Agnes 
Biog., (port), 10 (Jul) 

GYNECOLOGY 

Estrogen and the menopause, (Blanchet), 
38 (Feb) 

Estrogen replacement therapy at meno 
pause, (McEwen), 34 (Feb) 

Gynecologist s claim investigated, 14 
(Feb) 

The menopause is definitely obsolete 
today, (edit), 3 (Feb) 

No Gyn on Obs!, 14 (Feb) 



H 



HACON, W. S. 

Biog., 19 (Feb) 



HALLIDAY, Robert 

Use of narcotics in addict therapy, 39 
(Mar) 



HANDICAPPED 

The handicapped at Expo 67, 8 (May) 
A need for approval, (Gozali, Moogk), 
34 (Sep) 

HANEL, Helen Jean 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 

HANNA, Sharon 

Award, 18 (Mar) 

BARKER, Cassy 

Biog., 25 (Jul) 

HARRISON, Margaret 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

HARTIG, Elisabeth E. 

Biog., (port), 16 (Oct) 

HARTY, Margaret Brown 

Biog., 24 (Jul) 

HAYES, Harriet 

Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 

HAWKE, William A. 

Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, 29 (Jan) 

HEALTH AND HEALTH EDUCATION 

Two-day conference set on rural health. 

15 (Jan) 

World health problems, 18 (Jul) 

HEALTH MANPOWER 

Canadian Welfare Council says action 

needed to increase health manpower, 

10 (Jan) 
Manpower problems in nursing, (Mus- 

sallem), 25 (Aug) 
Three western provinces to participate in 

international health study, 16 (Dec) 
U.S. study reveals shortage of hospital 

personnel, 15 (Jan) 

HEART AND HEART DISEASES 

Coronary monitoring seminar at MGH, 

16 (Dec) 

Intensive care unit in cardiovascular 
surgery, (Boisvert), 36 (Jan) 

Kutschke, Myrtle A. The effect of the 
divisional activity of paintingby-num- 
ber on cardiac output, (abst), 49 (Dec) 

Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din, Meere), 32 (Jan) 

HEASMAN, Frederica 

Bk. rev., 57 (Mar) 

HEENAN, Mary St. Roch, Sister 

Proposed method of evaluation of ad 
ministrative behavior in nursing educa 
tion, (abst), 48 (Oct) 

HENDERSON, I. W. D. 

Current status of cancer chemotherapy, 
37 (Apr) 

HENDERSON, Jane 

A study of the relationship between a 
nurses knowledge of biological prin 
ciples and her performance of a spe 
cific technical procedure, (abst), 49 
(Dec) 



HEZEKIAH, J. H. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Aug) 

HIBBERT, Jessie 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

HOFFINGER, Dianne J. 

Bursary, SRNA, 19 (Jan) 

HOLLAND, William A. 

President, OHA, 19 (Mar) 

HOME CARE 

Topic for institute, 8 (Jan) 

HORNSBY-ODOI, Miriam M. 

Biog., 18 (Feb) 

HOSPITALS 

B.G.H. receives building grant, 13 (Feb) 
Centennial homecoming program Ot 
tawa Civic Hospital, 17 (Aug) 
Cost of hospital services triples in past 

8 years, 22 (Jul) 

Design frees nurses to nurse, 1 1 (Apr) 
Federal contribution allows for increase 

in student enrollment, 10 (Sep) 
Grant approved for Ontario Hospital, 13 

(Mar) 
Hospital and health care what price? 

(Maubach), 49 (Mar) 
Montreal Chinese Hospital, 47 (Sep) 
New Brunswick hospital receives grant, 

14 (Sep) 
New electronic system aims to decrease 

hospital costs, 18 (Nov) 
New salvation army hospital opens in 

Winnipeg, 15 (Jul) 
One school of nursing, 11 (Jun) 
Ontario hospital receives grant, 13 (Jan) 
Operation Hospital Supplies, 16 (Feb) 
Special children s unit successful; new 

unit opens, 19 (Jul) 
A very important place bed, 20 (Oct) 

HOSPITAL WORLD 

New editor, Valerie O Connor, 19 (Feb) 

HOWARD, Frances 

Bk. rev., 54 (Mar), 53 (Nov) 
Nursing service workshop held on west 
coast, 18 (Jul) 

HUBBERT, Mary Oressa 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

The contribution of nursing personnel in 
an interdisciplinary approach to the 
care of the aged in a particular institu 
tion, (abst), 50 (Sep) 

HUFFMAN, Edythe 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

HUFFMAN, Verna M. 

Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 

HUHTANEN, Annikki 

Biog., 17 (Jan) 

HUMAN RELATIONS 

Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation 
ship (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug) 

When patients die: some nursing prob 
lems, (Quint), 33 (Dec) 

IX 



HUNTER, Margaret 

St. John Ambulance course requires 
nurse volunteers, 12 (Nov) 

HUTCHISON. J. 

Project bed rest, (Dahl, Smith, Fowle, 
Graham, Black), 50 (Jan) 

HYKAWY, Elaine 

A problem-solving approach, 35 (Aug) 



IDEA EXCHANGE 

41 (Jun), 33 (Sep), 47 (Oct) 

IMMACULATA, Sister 
Bk. rev., 51 (Dec) 

IMMUNIZATION 

Campaign against measles, 9 (Apr) 

The changing voice of protest, 48 (Aug) 

Immunity declines, 47 (Apr) 

Immunity test for German measles, 13 

(Jan) 
Live Sabin polio vaccine replaces Salk 

in B.C., 16 (Nov) 

New vaccination regulations, 14 (Mar) 
Vaccine race, 21 (Mar) 

IN A CAPSULE 

23 (Feb), 21 (Mar), 47 (Apr), 23 (Jun), 
29 (Jul), 23 (Aug), 27 (Sep), 20 (Oct), 
24 (Dec) 

INACTIVE NURSES 

Buchan, Irene M., A study of inactive 
nurses in Alberta, Canada, ... (abst), 51 
(Mar) 

INFANTS 

Home care of Ravi -- premature infant 

(Pandya), 33 (Nov) 
Parents enthusiastic about hearing-test 

program, 14 (Jan) 
Prenatal care and infant mortality among 

Canadian Indians (Graham-Cumming), 

29 (Sep) 

INFECTION 

Hospital infection kit part 2, now avail 
able, 14 (Mar) 

L INFIRMIERE CANADIENNE 

Appointment of Ramona Paplauskas- 

Ramunas, 18 (Feb) 
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Beaudry- 

Johnson, 15 (Oct) 
Editorial staff, Mrs. Nicole Choquette- 

Blais, 15 (Oct) 

INHALATION THERAPY 

A problem-solving approach (Hykawy), 
35 (Aug) 

INSERVICE EDUCATION 

Inservice education (Callin), 32 (Aug) 

A problem-solving approach (Hykawy), 35 

(Aug) 
Guidelines for an inservice education 

program (Tiffney), (abst), 45 (Jun) 

Should be personalized, 14 (Dec) 



Unit-based inservice education (Gauthier, 
Sheahan, Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 

INSURANCE, HEALTH 

New immigrants protected against hospital 

bills. 13 (Jan) 
Quebec extends outpatient services, 14 

(Aug) 

INTENSIVE CARE 

Editorial, 3 (May) 

Institute on intensive care nursing, 19 
(Sep) 

Intensive care nursing course, 15 (May) 

Intensive care unit in cardiovascular sur 
gery (Boisvert), 36 (Jan) 

Medical intensive care (Staples), 31 (May) 

INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON 
LIBRARY TOOLS FOR NURSING 

Invites CNA membership, 12 (May) 

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL 
OF NURSES 

Announces vacancies on Executive staff, 
17 (Sep) 

Committee of experts meets to discuss 
ICN magazine, 9 (Jul) 

Congress symbol, 7 (Aug) 

Council of international representatives, 
16 (Feb), 7 (Aug) 

ICN leaders view Montreal Congress fa 
cilities, 9 (Dec) 

ICN Magazine, Newsletter get new for 
mats, 9 (Dec) 

Quinn, Sheila, new executive director, 18 
(Aug) 

Resignation of executive director of ICN, 
Helen Nussbaum, 18 (Aug) 

Visit of Sheila Quinn to Canada, 18 (Dec) 

INTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW 

Acting editor, Leila Raymond, 19 (Feb) 
Committee of experts meets to discuss 
ICN magazine, 9 (Jul) 

IRWIN, Ethel R. 

Biog., 19 (Jan) 



JAENEN, Norma 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

JARDINE, Verna 
Bursary, NBARN, 19 (Jan) 

JOHNSON, Elizabeth 

Seals for patients (deJong, Foster), 50 
(Aug) 

JOHNSON, Sybil 

Wadhams outpost nursing station, 28 
(May) 

JOHNSTONE, Kathleen 

Bk. rev., 48 (May) 

JOINER, Nell 

Bk. rev., 53 (Jan) 

JONES, Phyllis E. 

Editorial, 25 (Jun) 



K 

KELLOGG FOUNDATION 

Gives grant to WHO, 17 (Jun) 

KERR, Margaret E. 

Bk. rev., 50 (Dec) 

KING, Floris E. 

Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 

KINGSLEY, Nancy 

Children and anesthesia, 26 (Oct) 

KIRKPATRICK, Vivian 

Biog., 19 (Jun) 

KLAIMAN, R. Roslyn 

Bk. rev., 51 (Oct) 

Programmed instruction - - can we use 
it? 44 (Jul) 

KNAPIK, Teresa 

Serves in Africa, 8 (Jan), 18 (Aug) 

KNELSEN, Marie 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

KOZIER, Barbara Blackwood 

Biog., 23 (May) 

KUNDERMAN, Eleanor 

Biog., 18 (Jun) 

KUTSCHKE, Myrtle A. 

The effect of the diversional activity of 
painting-by-number on cardiac output, 
(abst), 49 (Dec) 



LABEKOVSKI, Tatiana 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 

LABOR UNIONS 

CNA to prepare brief on labor relations, 

7 (Nov) 
Ups and downs of economic progress 

(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 

LAIRD, P. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 

LAMONT, Helene M. 

Biog., (port), 18 (Dec) 

LATIMER, Elizabeth 

Award, 18 (Mar) 

LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY 

Director, School of Nursing, Vivian Kirk- 
patrick, 19 (Jun) 

LAUZE, S. 

A tropical disease in Quebec, 44 
(May) 

LAVAL UNIVERSITY 

Opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 

LAWSON, F. S. 

The Saskatchewan plan, 27 (Jun) 

LAYCOCK, S.R. 

Bk. rev., 50 (Dec) 



.ECLAIR, Victorine 

Biog., (port), 18 (Dec) 

1,E DREW, Donna 
ARNN bursary, 19 (Jan) 

.EE, Margaret N. 
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 

Preferences for university teaching as the 
career goal, (abst), 45 (Jun) 

.eFEUVRE, H. 

Bk. rev., 57 (Nov) 

L.ENNIE, Clara May 
A study of student achievement in an 
Alberta hospital school of nursing, 
(abst), 51 (Mar) 

.ETOURNEAU, Marguerite, Sister 
Preparing brief to University of Calgary, 
24 (Jul) 

BETTERS 

4 (Jan), 4 (Feb), 4 (Mar), 4 (Apr), 4 
(May), 4 (Jun), 4 (Jul), 4 (Aug), 4 
(Sep), 4 (Oct), 4 (Nov), 4 (Dec) 

.IBRARIES 

"Instant Librarians," 8 (Apr), 8 (Oct) 
Registered Nurses Association of Nova 

Scotia to sponsor librarians workshop, 

12 (Dec) 
School of nursing librarians meet in 

Toronto, 20 (Jul) 

.IMOGES, Therese 

Homosexuality among women, (Ran- 
court), 42 (Dec) 

.INDABURY, Virginia A. 

Canadian Nurses Foundation (editorial), 

3 (Oct) 
The child care worker in psychiatry, 42 

(May) 
National Testing Service, (editorial), 3 

(Nov) 

Psychiatric nurses, (edit), 25 (Oct) 
That s what we want for Christmas, 

(edit), 27 (Dec) 

.IPTON, Helen 

Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 

.IVINGSTON, M. Christine (port) 

Order of St. John investiture, 8 (Jan) 

.OBEYING 

Editorial, 3 (Aug) 

.ONG, Linda 

Tomorrow s nursing education in Saskat 
chewan, 30 (Apr) 

.UCIEN DE JESUS, Sister 

Biog., (port), 20 (Sep) 

i .USSIER, Rita J. 

Nursing coordinator at Expo 67, 16 (Jan) 

.USSIER-GAUTHIER, Henriette 

Adolescents in hospital, 43 (Aug) 



LYONS, S. 

Bk. rev., 53 (Mar) 

LYONS, Walter 

Expectation -- its role in nursing home 
care, 47 (Dec) 

M 

McCREARY-JUHASZ, Anne 

Sex knowledge of prospective teachers 
and graduate nurses, 48 (Jul) 

MacDONALD, Janet 

Nursing care in renal transplantation, 35 
(Oct) 

MacDONALD, Joan C. 

Biog., (port), 23 (Nov) 

MacDONALD, M.M. 

Bk. rev., 53 (Dec) 

MacDONALD, Margaret E. 

Biog., 19 (Mar) 

McDIARMID, Norma I. 

John - - a victim of maternal depriva 
tion, 43 (Sep) 

McEWEN, Donald C. 

Estrogen replacement therapy at meno 
pause, 34 (Feb) 

McILWRAITH, Nancy 

Award, 18 (Mar) 

McINTOSH, Margaret 

Bk. rev., 52 (Nov) 

McKENZIE, Janet Alison 

Biog., 20 (Sep) 

McKINNON, M. Barbara, Sister 

Coordination within the educational 
program, (abst), 52 (Mar) 

MacLAGGAN, Katherine E. 

Award for distinguished achievement in 

nursing education, 24 (Jul) 
Bk. rev., 53 (Mar) 
CNF scholarship to commemorate, 10 

(Dec) 

In Memoriam (editorial), 3 (Mar) 
Memorial scholarship for Katherine Mac- 

Laggan, 16 (Aug) 
New Brunswick nurses take important 

step in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 
Port., 27 (Mar) 

Telegrams expressed grief..., 28 (Mar) 
A tribute, 26 (Mar) 

McLEAN, Margaret D. 

Automation will be "A fact of life," 14 

(Jun) 
Biog., (Port), 21 (May) 

MacLEOD, Marguerite 
Biog., (port), 18 (Jun) 

MacLEOD, Shirley 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

McMASTER UNIVERSITY 

Faculty appointments, 17 (Jan) 

McMINN, H. 

Bk. rev., 45 (May) 



McNAUGHTON, Norma 

Employee health service, 45 (Dec) 

MAGGIE, Jean 

Bk. rev., 53 (Jan) 

MAIR, Mace 

The fight against cancer, 44 (Apr) 

MALLORY, H. Evelyn 

Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 

MALONEY, George T. 

Standardization, 47 (Mar) 

MANCE, Jeanne 

Committee to raise funds for monu 
ment, 14 (Dec) 

MANITOBA. COMMISSION ON 
SUPPLY OF NURSES 
MARN responds to report, 13 (May) 

MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF 
REGISTERED NURSES 

Annual meeting, 8 (Aug) 

Employment relations consultant, H.W. 

Dale, 25 (Jul) 
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or 

going?, 12 (Dec) 
New executive director, M.E. Cameron, 

18 (Mar) 
New public relations officer, P.O. Mor- 

combe, 18 (Mar) 
Responds to report, 13 (May) 

MANITOBA HOSPITAL COMMISSION 

To finance nurse refresher courses, 14 
(Nov) 

MARGESSON, Wendy 

Opinion, 31 (Jul) 

MARIE, Ann, Sister 
The reactions of student nurses to spec 
ific regulations in effect in nurses 
residences, (abst), 48 (Oct) 

MARRIAGE 

Is anybody happy?, 47 (Apr) 

MARSON, Wendy 

India s project number one, 45 (Nov) 

MARTIN, Cathryn Lillian 
Biog., (port), 16 (Jan) 

MARTIN, Denise 

Bk. rev., 56 (Mar) 

MARTYN, Doris 

Bk. rev., 52 (Aug) 

Radiation therapy for skin cancer, 48 
(Feb) 

MATERNAL HEALTH AND WELFARE 

First Canadian conference, 8 (May) 
From communication to coordination, 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 

Prenatal care and infant mortality among 
Canadian Indians, (Graham-Cumming), 
29 (Sep) 

MATTE, Edith 

WHO public health nurse in Libreville, 
18 (Aug) 

XI 



MAUBACH, S. J. 

Hospital and health care what price? 
(Comm), 49 (Mar) 

MAY, Ruth E. 

Bk. rev., 51 (Dec) 
Outpost nursing, 34 (Mar) 

MEERE, Claude 

Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din), 32 (Jan) 

MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY. 
SCHOOL OF NURSING 

First work conference scheduled for new 
school at Memorial University, 18 (Jul) 

MEN NURSES 

Male nurses gain recognition, 18 (May) 

Male nurses admitted to University of 
Montreal, 20 (Jul) 

Male school of nursing to close, 14 
(May) 

More nursing schools in Britain to wel 
come male students, 15 (Nov) 

MENTAL HEALTH 

B.C. reorganizes mental health services, 

12 (Dec) 
Center for mentally ill children to be 

developed in Sudbury, 17 (Sep) 
Editorial, 3 (Jun) 
Man and his mind, theme of CMHA 

congress, 13 (Sep) 
Public support needed for psychiatric 

programs, 12 (Mar) 

MENTAL RETARDATION 

Remotivation to motivation, (Thompson), 
32 (Jul) 

METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION 
OF NURSES (MONTREAL) 

Controversy among Montreal s English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 

MILLER, Christine 

Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 

MILLER, Sally Jane 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

MILLS, Alice C. 
Biog., (port), 19 (Jun) 

MILLS, Joan 

Bk. rev., 47 (May) 

MILTON, Isabel C. 

Contraceptive practices past and present, 
29 (Oct) 

MIZUHARA, Dorothy 

WHO public health educator in Zambia, 
19 (Aug) 

MONAGHAN, John R. 

Nursing education in Malawi (Monag- 
han), 35 (Jun) 

MONTOUR, Jeannine, Sister 
Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

MONTREAL. UNIVERSITY 

School of nursing joins University of 
Montreal, 15 (Sep) 

XII 



MOOGK, Helen 

A need for approval, (Gozali), 34 (Sep) 

MOONEY, Margaret, Sister 

Biog., (port), 23 (Nov) 

MORCOMBE, Pearl G. 

Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 

MOREHOUSE, Douglas D. 

Treatment of traumatic rupture of 
urethra, 42 (Oct) 

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 

Geographical Clusters of MS, 47 (Apr) 
Grants, 13 (Mar) 

MUSSALLEM, Helen K. 

Breakthrough: Nurse is guest speaker at 

doctors convention, 9 (Jul) 
A glimpse of nursing in the USSR, 27 

(Feb) 
Guest speaker at Alberta Association of 

Registered Nurses, 12 (Jul) 
ICN Council of Representatives in Evian, 

France, 8 (Aug) 

Manpower problems in nursing, 25 (Aug) 
Nursing in Canada, (edit), 27 (Apr) 

N 

NAKONECHNY, Geraldine 

Bk. rev., 46 (Jun) 

NAMES 

16 (Jan), 18 (Feb), 18 (Mar), 20 (Apr), 21 
(May), 18 (Jun), 24 (Jul), 18 (Aug), 20 
(Sep), 15 (Oct), 22 (Nov), 18 (Dec) 

NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS 
see Tests and measurements 

NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING 

NLN affirms stand on nursing education, 

14 (Jul) 

NLN convention opens in New York this 
month, 13 (May) 

NESBITT, Lynda 

Nursing the patient on long-term hemo- 
dialysis, 40 (Oct) 

NEUROLOGY 

Canadian-designed device measures hidden 
skull pressure, 15 (Jan) 

NEW BRUNSWICK ASSOCIATION 
OF REGISTERED NURSES 

Annual meeting emphasizes nursing ser 
vice, 9 (Jul) 

Awards scholarships, 12 (Dec) 

Bursaries, 19 (Jan) 

New Brunswick nurses take important step 
in nursing education, 7 (Jan) 

Protests minister s remarks, 10 (Aug) 

Thome, Anne D., NBARN bursary, 22 
(Nov) 

NEW BRUNSWICK. UNIVERSITY 

Building program at UNB, 18 (May) 
Faculty appointments, School of Nursing, 

18 (Jan) 
School of nursing gets national health 

grant, 22 (Jul) 



NEW PRODUCTS 

22 (Jan), 25 (Feb), 22 (Mar), 25 (Apr), 
22 (Jun), 26 (Jul), 21 (Aug), 25 (Sep) 
22 (Oct), 24 (Nov), 22 (Dec) 

NEWS 

7 (Jan), 7 (Feb), 7 (Mar), 7 (Apr), 7 (May) 
7 (Jun), 9 (Jul), 7 (Aug), 7 (Sep), 7 (Oct) 
7 (Nov), 9 (Dec) 

NEYLAN, Margaret S. 

The development of an evaluation Q-sort 
(abst), 51 (Mar) 

NICHOLSON, Valerie 

Bk. rev., 51 (Feb) 

NIELSEN, Jocelyne 

Bk. rev., 45 (May) 

NIGHTINGALE, Florence 

In the Nightingale tradition, 15 (Jan) 

NIGHTINGALE, Helen 

Bk. rev., 52 (Dec) 

NORTHERN HEALTH SERVICES 

Wadhams outpost nursing station, (John 
son), 28 (May) 

NURSES, SHORTAGE OF 
see Nursing needs and resources 

NURSES, SUPPLY OF 
see Nursing needs and resources 

NURSING CANADA 

Mussallem, H. K. (edit), 27 (Apr) 

NURSING FOREIGN COUNTRIES 

From communication to coordination 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 

A glimpse of nursing in the USSR (Mus 
sallem), 27 (Feb) 

Nurses serve abroad with external aid, 1 1 
(Mar) 

NURSING EDUCATION 
see Education 

NURSING FUNCTIONS 

Editorial 3 (Sep) 

Henderson, Jane. A study of the rela 
tionship between a nurses knowledge 
of biological principles and her per 
formance of a specific technical pro 
cedure, (abst), 49 (Dec) 

Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7 
(Feb) 



NURSING HISTORY 

Editorial 3 (Jul) 






NURSING HOMES 

Expectation its role in nursing home 
care, (Lyons), 47 (Dec) 

Nursing Homes Institute hears new reg 
ulations, 8 (Apr) 

NURSING NEEDS AND RESOURCES 

Alberta hospitals close wards, 16 (Apr) 
Considerations for nurse recruitment, 

(Good), 31 (Dec) 
Facts about nursing in Canada, 17 (Sep), 

50 (Oct), 48 (Dec) 



Facts about registered nurses in Canada, 

14 (Jan), 16 (Mar), 13 (Apr), 17 (Jun) 
Manitoba nurses: Are they coming or 

going?, 12 (Dec) 
Manpower problems in nursing, (Mussal- 

lem), 25 (Aug) 
Wanted - - a revised Income Tax Act 

(edit), 25 (Jan) 

NURSING SERVICE 

Day s pay furnishes room, 17 (Aug) 

First nursing service workshop a success, 
1 1 (Jun) 

Gareau, Olivette. A study of the con- 
gruency among the expectations of the 
head nurse..., (abst), 19 (Dec) 

NBARN annual meeting emphasizes nurs 
ing service, 9 (Jul) 

Nursing service workshop held on west 
coast, 18 (Jul) 

Plans complete for CNA Regional Work 
shops, 7 (Oct) 

Staff nurses discuss work setting, 19 (Jul) 

A study of inactive nurses in Alberta, Ca 
nada, (Buchan), (abst), 51 (Mar) 

A study of the unit manager concept in 
action, (O Sullivan) (abst), 45 (Jun) 

UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth 
seminar, 7 (Jan) 

Workshops on nursing service highly suc 
cessful, 10 (Dec) 

NURSING SISTERS ASSOCIATION 
OF CANADA 

In the Nightingale tradition, 15 (Jan) 

NUSSBAUM, Helen 

Biog., 18 (Aug) 

NUTRITION 

Cut vitamins in foods proposes Drug Di 
rectorate^ 10 (Sep) 

More studies relate vitamin C, wound 
healing, 13 (Sep) 



O BRIEN, Mary 

Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach, (Owen, Ralph), 26 
(Jan) 

OBSTETRICS 

Baribeau, Pierrette, A study of expressed 
attitudes of Lamaze fathers toward labor 
and delivery experience, (abst), 52 (Mar) 

Fetal heart monitors in use in Montreal, 
8 (Jun) 

New controlled childbirth classes started in 
Vancouver, 14 (Sep) 

No Gynon Obs!, 14 (Feb) 

One-day conference at Sarnia, 20 (Jul) 

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 

Employee health service, (McNaughton), 
45 (Dec) 

Industrial Medical Center opened in Ha 
milton, 15 (Sep) 

O CONNOR, C. 

Bk. rev., 57 (Nov) 

O CONNOR, Valerie 

Biog., 19 (Feb) 



OFFICIAL DICTIONARY 
see CANADIAN NURSES 
ASSOCIATION 

OKKENHAUG, Lee 

Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation 
ship, 46 (Aug) 

ONTARIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION 

Annual meeting, 14 (Dec) 

Hospital association urges "go metric", 14 

(Nov) 
President, William A. Holland, 19 (Mar) 

ONTARIO COLLEGE OF NURSES 

RNAO and College of Nurses say public 
funds needed for recruitment, 7 (Sep) 

OPERATING ROOM NURSES 

Plan institute for spring 68, 12 (Jul) 

ORDWAY, Eeleanor M. 

Drug protection for Canadians. 38 (May) 

ORR, Ena Maud 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 
Bk. rev., 46 (Jun) 

ORR, Shirley 

Bk. rev., 50 (Dec) 

ORTHON-JOHNSON, Veronica 

Biog., (port), 19 (Aug) 

O SHAUGHNESSY, Catherine Teresa 

Biog., (port), 20 (Apr) 

OSTAPOVITCH, Vera 

Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 

O SULLIVAN, M. Celestine, Sister 

A study of the unit manager concept in 
action, (abst), 46 (Jun) 

OSWALD, Joan Kathleen 

Macrnillan award winner, (port). 8 (Apr) 

OTTAWA. UNIVERSITY 

First Doctor of nursing degree awarded 
to Dorothy Percy, 19 (Dec) 

OWENS, Margaret 

Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach, (O Brien, Ralph), 26 
(Jan) 



PALTIEL, Freda L. 

Biog., 21 (May) 

PANDYA, Madluri Ruth 

Home care of Ravi a premature infant, 
33 (Nov) 

PAPLAUSKAS-RAMUNAS, Ramona 

Biog., (port), 18 (Feb) 

PAQUET, Jeanne d Arc 

Biog., (port), 21 (May) 

PARFITT, Elaine 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

PARKINSON S DISEASE 

Association grows, 20 (Nov) 

PARNEL, J. 

Bk. rev., 55 (Nov) 



PAUL, W. Keith 

Research nursing in psychiatry, 33 (Jun) 

PAULUS, Ingeborg 

Drug dependency research expensive lu 
xury or necessary commodity?, 36 (Mar) 

PEARSON, Lois 

Poison control as a nursing function, 35 

(May) 

PEDIATRICS 

The child care worker in psychiatry, (Lin- 
dabury), 42 (May) 

Children and anesthesia, (Kingsley), 26 
(Oct) 

Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi- 
gravida mothers, (Brown), 45 (Jan) 

Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach, (O Brien, Owens, 
Ralph), 26 (Jan) 

Homelike equipment for hospital, 32 (Sep) 

Impact of cerebral palsy on patient and 
family, (Hawke), 29 (Jan) 

John a victim of maternal deprivation, 
(McDiarmid), 43 (Sep) 

Medical care of Eskimo children, (Stein- 
metz), 29 (Mar) 

Metabolic research ward opens in Winni 
peg, 14 (Feb) 

Pediatric Art Contest, 32 (Sep) 

Special children s unit successful; new unit 
opens, 19 (Jul) 

Study investigates growth of Quebec child 
ren, 15 (May) 

PEITCHINIS, J. 

Bk. rev., 57 (Mar) 

PELLEY, Thelma 

Bk. rev., 55 (Mar) 

PENN, Carla (port) 

Editorial assistant Canadian Nurse, 16 
(Jan) 

PEPPER, Evelyn A. 

A dream realised, 39 (Nov) 

PERCY, Dorothy M. 

Biog., (port), 16 (Jan) 

Doctor of Nursing degree, 19 (Dec) 

Nursing scholarship, 14 (Jun) 

PESZAT, Lucille 

Bk. rev., 45 (May) 

PETERS, Sarah 

Biog., (port), 21 (Sep) 

PETITCLERC, Claude 

Hemophilia, 36 (Jul) 

PHARMACY 

Head PMAC urges stronger patent laws, 

15 (Jan) 
Nurse and pharmacist-partners, (Summers), 

40 (Feb) 

PHYSICIANS 

Canadian doctors visit China, 12 (Mar) 
Drop-outs among women doctors, 23 (Jun) 
Manitoba doctors want higher pay, 15 
(Jan) 

XIII 



PINSET, Amelia 

WHO nursing education team in Cairo, 18 
(Aug) 

PITTS, Edna 

Honorary life membership, CPHA, 19 
(Jan) 

POISONS 

Poison control as a nursing function, 
(Pearson), 35 (May) 

POLLARD, E. M. 

Bk. rev., 55 (Jan) 

PRACTICAL NURSING 

Different approach, 23 (Aug) 

PROBLEM SOLVING 

How to solve a problem, 7 (Apr) 

PSYCHIATRY 

An assessment of the use of nurse-patient 
relationship to provide three aspects of 
supportive emotional care in a psychia 
tric hospital, (Watts), (abst), 48 (Oct) 

B.C. psychiatric nurses seek salary raises, 

12 (Jun) 

The child care worker in psychiatry (Lin- 
dabury), 42 (May) 

Community psychiatric nursing, (Atkinson, 
VanKampen), 31 (Jun) 

Conference on adolescent psychiatry, 22 
(Jul) 

From institution to community, (Grun- 
berg), 26 (Jun) 

Lindabury, Virginia A., (edit), 25 (Oct) 

Manipulation in a nurse-patient relation 
ship, (Okkenhaug), 46 (Aug) 

New services at L Institut Albert Prevost, 

13 (Feb) 

Psychiatric museum opens at St. Michael- 

Archange Hospital, 17 (Aug) 
Public support needed for psychiatric pro 
grams, 12 (Mar) 
RPNs receive RN diploma in new SRNA 

program, 13 (Jun) 
RPN s seek recognition in Ontario, 13 

(May) 
Remotivation to motivation (Thompson), 

32 (Jul) 
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 33 

(Jun) 

The Saskatchewan plan, (Lawson), 27 (Jun) 
Weyburn Psychiatric Centre (Wright), 29 

(Jun) 

PSYCHOLOGY 

Attitudes of nurses to nursing (Costello), 
42 (Jun) 

PUBLIC HEALTH 

"Community health in Canada" theme for 
CPHA meeting, 8 (Jun) 

Editorial, 25 (Jun) 

Effectiveness of nursing visits to primi- 
gravida mothers, (Brown), 45 (Jan) 

From communication to coordination 
(Bergman), 34 (Apr) 

Nursing in the North, 32 (Mar) 

Public health nurses sign contract, 10 (Apr) 

Public health organizations could coordin 
ate health services, 14 (Jun) 

XIV 



Public health project in Ontario, 38 (Jun) 
RNAO recommends change in public 

health act, 16 (Feb) 

Sethee, U.K., An exploration of the skills 
of interviewing with problems related to 
it, as practiced by nurses in emotion- 
laden situations encountered in public 
health nursing, (abst), 50 (Sep) 



QUEEN S UNIVERSITY 

Acting director School of Nursing, Sister 
Margaret Mooney, 23 (Nov) 

QUINN, Sheila 

Biog., (port), 18 (Aug) 

Visit to Canada (port), 9, 18 (Dec) 

QUINT, Jeanne C. 

When patients die: some nursing problems, 
33 (Dec) 

QUO VADIS SCHOOL OF NURSING 

Graduates second class, 10 (Oct) 



R 



RACE 

Clue to colour in negroes, whites, 23 
(Aug) 

RALPH, Ja 

Habilitation of thalidomide children: the 
nursing approach, (O Brien, Owens), 26 
(Jan) 

RANCOURT, Rejane 

Homosexuality among women, (Limoges), 
42 (Dec) 

RANDALL, Lillian Mae 

Biog., 19 (Mar) 

RAYMOND, Leila 

Biog., 19 (Feb) 

RECRUITMENT 

Considerations for nurse recruitment, 

(Good), 31 (Dec) 
RNAO express concern about recruitment, 

13 (Jun) 

REFRESHER COURSES 

Manitoba Hospital Commission to finance 
nurse refresher courses, 14 (Nov) 

Prepares guide for refresher courses, 7 
(Feb) 

REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 
B.C. alters policy on National Health 

Grants, 18 (Nov) 
Plan for nursing education presented to 

RNABC annual meeting, 1 1 (Jul) 
RNABC returns president for second term, 

14 (Jul) 

Study on non-nursing activities in B.C., 7 
(Feb) 

REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF NOVA SCOTIA 

Examines shortened programs, 1 1 (Jul) 

New officers for RNANS, 1 1 (Jul) 

To sponsor librarians workshop, 12 (Dec) 



REGISTERED NURSES ASSOCIATION 
OF ONTARIO 

CNA to undertake examination service, 

(Nov) 

Elects male president, 18 (Jun) 
Express concern about recruitment, 12 

(Jun) 

Greylists county hospital, 16 (Jul) 
Halton county off greylist, 10 (Nov) 
Honorary membership, Marjorie G. Rus 

sell, 24 (Jul) 
Integrated education program favored bj 

RNAO, 11 (Jun) 
RNAO and College of Nurses say public 

funds needed for recruitment, 7 (Sep) 
Recommends change in public health act 

16 (Feb) 
Recommends system of certification, f 

(Sep) 
Reports progress in collective bargaining 

7 (Jun) 
Twenty-six enrolled in RNAO s refreshei 

course for nurses, 15 (Dec) 

REHABILITATION 

Canadian rehabilitation council honor; 

Montreal agency, 16 (Dec) 
Habilitation of thalidomide children: th 

nursing approach, (O Brien, Owens 

Ralph), 26 (Jan) 

RELIGION 

New image for the hospital chaplain, (Wal 
lace), 29 (Aug) 

RESEARCH AND STUDIES 

CNA s Repository collection of nursing 

studies, 54 (Mar) 
Research abstracts, 51 (Mar), 45 (Jun), 5C 1 

(Sep), 48 (Oct), 49 (Dec) 
Research nursing in psychiatry (Paul), 3? 

(Jun) 
Research on two levels of nurses underway 

at Winnipeg Hospital, 1 1 (Sep) 
Research unit established, 8 (Jan) 

RIDLEY, Una 

Biog., (port), 19 (Aug) 

RITCHIE, Judith 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

RODRIGUE, Murielle 

Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, 43 
(Jan) 

ROONEY, Frances L., Sister 

Bk. rev., 54 (Jan), 47 (Jun) 

ROWS ELL, Glenna 

Ups and downs of economic progress, 26 
(Nov) 

ROYAL COMMISSION ON 
STATUS OF WOMEN 

Royal Commission on Status of Womer 
to get brief from nurses, 8 (May) 

RUBIN, Jack A. 

Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 

RUSSELL, Marjorie G. 

Honorary membership, RNAO, 24 (Jul) 



SALARIES 

AMA supports nursing salary raise, 16 
(Mar) 

After seven years, baccalaureate nurses 
earn more than teachers. 8 (Oct) 

DBS to survey nurses salaries, 1 1 (Mar) 

Facts about nursing in Canada, 50 (Nov) 

Gap narrows between Canadian and Amer 
ican salary goals, 7 (May) 

Manitoba doctors want higher pay, 15 
(Jan) 

Quebec interns and residents get better sa 
laries, 15 (Mar) 

Ups and downs of economic progress, 
(Rowsell), 26 (Nov) 

SALMON, Hazel 

Biog., 18 (Jan) 

SANDERS, Leta 

Bk. rev., 53 (Dec) 

SASKATCHEWAN. DEPARTMENT 
OF EDUCATION 

Assistant superintendent of nursing educa 
tion, Elizabeth E. Hartig, 16 (Oct) 

SASKATCHEWAN. DEPARTMENT 
OF PUBLIC HEALTH 

Saskatchewan public health says: "Smile! 
you re on the fluoride program", 14 
(Nov) 

SASKATCHEWAN HOSPITAL 
ASSOCIATION 

Nursing consultants, 15 (Oct) 

SASKATCHEWAN INSTITUTE OF 
APPLIED ARTS AND SCIENCES 

Uniform designed for new School of Nur 
sing, 8 (Sep) 

SASKATCHEWAN REGISTERED 
NURSES ASSOCIATION 

Bursaries, 19 (Jan) 

Holds workshops on collective bargaining, 
7 (Oct) 

Prepares guide for refresher course, 7 (Feb) 

RPNs Receive R Ndiploma in new SRNA 
program, 13 (Jun) 

Responds to Ad Hoc Committee report, 19 
(May) 

Saskatchewan nurses celebrate golden anni 
versary at annual meeting. 10 (Jul) 

LAUNDERS, Helen 
Bk. rev., 48 (Apr) 

SCHOOLS OF NURSING 
see Education 

SECOND EDUCATIONAL ASSEMBLY 
ON HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION 

Nurses speak at hospital administrators 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 

SETHEE, Ushvendra Kaur 

An exploration of the skills of interviewing 
with problems related to it, as practiced 
by nurses in emotion-laden situations en 
countered in public health nursing, 
(abst), 50 (Sep) 



SEX 
Homosexuality among women, Rancourt, 

Limoges), 42 (Dec) 
Sex knowledge of prospective teachers and 

graduate nurses, (McCreary-Juhasz), 48 

(Jul) 
Symposium on sex education for educators 

and counselors, 16 (Nov) 

SHEAHAN, Mary 

Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier, 
Sutherland), 39 (Aug) 

SKIN 

Radiation therapy for skin cancer, (Mar- 

tyn), 48 (Feb) 
Tumors of the skin, (Fitzpatrick). 45 (Feb) 

SKITCH, C. H. 

Biog., 16 (Oct) 

SLEEP 

Snorers are shocked, 47 (Apr) 

SMITH, Lottie 

Biog., 19 (Jun) 

SMITH, M. 

Project bed rest, (Dahl, Fowle, Hutchison, 
Graham, Black), 50 (Jan) 

SMITH, Marlene Koch 

Public health nurses form first chapter T- 
Groups, (Watson Carr), 46 (Sep) 

SMOKING 

Anti-smoking measures continues, 14 (Jan) 

Bananas for sale, 20 (Oct) 

Editorial, 3 (Apr) 

5,500,000 still puffing, 21 (Mar) 

Lettuce have a smoke, 26 (Jul) 

"No Smoking" literature for bedside tables, 

8 (Feb) 

Smoking doks get cancer, 29 (Jul) 
Smoldering image, 47 (Apr) 

SOCIAL SERVICE 

Toronto s street haven started by RN, 13 
(Feb) 

SPADLING, Jean W. 

Bk. rev., 52 (Feb) 

SPECIALISM 

CNA Nursing Service Committee favors 
nursing specialists. 7 (Aug) 

Medical intensive care (Staples), 31 (May) 

RNAO plan of action recommends system 
of certification, 8 (Sep) 

Role of nursing clinician defined at region 
al meeting, 13 (Aug) 

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE 

Annual investiture, 8 (Jan) 

Course requires nurse volunteers, 12 (Nov) 

Film, 52 (Jul) 

STATISTICS 

see 

Facts about registered nurses in Can- 
and 
Facts about nursing in Canada 

STAPLES, Sally 
Medical intensive care, 31 (May) 



STEED, Margaret 

Bk. rev., 51 (Feb) 

Keynote address to NBARN annual meet 
ing, 9 (Jul) 

Nurses speak at hospital administrators 
meeting, 7 (Mar) 

Three-day education workshop held for 
PEI instructors, 18 (Jul) 

STEINMETZ, N. 
Medical care of Eskimo children, 29 (Mar) 

STEWART, Diane Yvonne 

Biog., (port), 18 (Mar) 

STIVER, M. Pearl (port) 

Order of St. John investiture, 8 (Jan) 

STERTCH, Patricia 

Bk. rev.. 54 (Nov) 

STUDENTS 

Barrie students raise funds for overseas 
student, 12 (Feb) 

Lennie, Clara May, A study of student 
achievement in an Alberta hospital 
school of nursing, (abst), 51 (Mar) 

Marie, Ann, Sister, The reactions of stu 
dent nurses to specific regulations in 
effect in nurses residences, (abst), 48 
(Oct) 

Residence living yes or no?, (Doyle, 
Daykin), 30 (Nov) 

SUICIDE 

Suicides high, 47 (Apr) 
Whose problem?, 20 (Oct) 

SUMMERS, Jack L. 

Nurse and pharmacist-partners, 40 (Feb) 

SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISION 

Compromise or challenge, 15 (May) 

SURGERY 

Dyche, Elsie Ruth (Yvans). A study to 
explore the effect of a planned pre- 
operative nursing visit..., (abst), 49 (Dec) 

Intensive care unit in cardiovascular surge 
ry, (Boisvert), 36 (Jan) 

Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro- 
drigue), 43 (Jan) 

Recent advances in heart surgery, (Gron- 
din, Meere), 32 (Jan) 

SUTHERLAND, Margaret 

Unit-based inservice education, (Gauthier, 
Sheahan), 39 (Aug) 

SVENNINGSEN, Margaret 

Serves in Africa, 8 (Jan) 
WHO team at University of Ghana 19 
(Aug) 

SYLVAIN, Jeannette 

Canadian nurses work with WHO, 8 (Nov) 

SYMPOSIUM ON FAMILY EDUCATION 

Symposium on sex education for educators 
and counselors, 16 (Nov) 



TASK FORCE ON LABOR RELATIONS 

CNA to prepare brief on labor relations, 
7 (Nov) 

XV 



TAXATION 

Wanted - - a revised Income Tax Act 
(edit), 25 (Ian) 

TALOR, Forence 

Biog., 19 (Mar) 

TEACHERS AND TEACHING 

The development of an evaluation Q-sort; 
(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar) 

The improvement of the educational pre 
paration of instructors in pre-service 
programs in nursing in Ontario, (Griffin) 
(abst), 50 (Sep) 

Overhead projector demonstrated, 20 (lul) 

Preferences for university teaching, (Lee), 
(abst), 45 (lun) 

Programmed instruction can we use it? 
(Klaiman), 44 (lul) 

A proposed method for evaluation of 
teaching effectiveness in schools of nur 
sing, (Cunningham), (abst), 48 (Oct) 

Symposium on sex education for educators 
and counselors, 16 (Nov) 

TELEVISION 

New equipment at Sacre-Coeur first in 
North America, 19 (Sep) 

TERRY, Grace Elizabeth 

Biog., (port), 17 (Ian) 

TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS 

CNA to undertake examination service, 7 

(Nov) 
The development of an evaluation Q-sort; 

(Neylan) (abst), 51 (Mar) 
Editorial, 27 (May) 

National exams for Canada?, 7 (May) 
National Testing Service, (edit), (Lin- 

dabury), 3 (Nov) 
Nation-wide exams for Canadian nurses?, 

7 (Mar) 

THOMPSON, Doris S. 

Bk. rev., 49 (Oct) 

Remotivation to motivation, 32 (lul) 

THOMPSON, Jean 

Biog., (port), 10 (Jul) 

THORNE, Anne D. 

NBARN bursary, 22 (Nov) 

TIFFNEY, Helen P. 

Guidelines for an in-service education pro 
gram, (abst), 45 (Jun) 

TONEY, Coralea 

Biog., 18 (Ian) 

TUBERCULOSIS 

Need to eradicate not control, T.B., 17 
(lun) 

U 
UNICEF 

Children s Gift to Pakistan, 19 (Sep) 
Leprosy control in Dahomey aided by 
UNICEF, 8 (Oct) 

UNIFORMS 

Space suits for nurses, 11 (Mar) 
Uniform designed for new School of Nur 
sing, 8 (Sep) 



UNITED NURSES OF MONTREAL 

Begin work on contracts, 14 (Aug) 
Controversy among Montreal s English- 
speaking nurses, 10 (Jan) 
Seek accreditation, 8 (Feb) 

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES 

Laval opens school of nursing, 9 (Apr) 

UROLOGY 

Anomalies and infection of genitourinary 

tract, (Ackman), 44 (Oct) 
Nursing care in renal transplantation, 

(MacDonald), 35 (Oct) 
Nursing the patient on long-term hemo- 

dialysis (Nesbitt), 40 (Oct) 
Present status of renal transplantation, 

(Dossetor), 32 (Oct) 
Treatment of traumatic rupture of urethra 

(Morehouse), 42 (Oct) 



VANIER INSTITUTE 

Launches family life education study, 17 
(Sep) 

VANKAMPEN, Frank J. 

Community psychiatric nursing (Atkinson), 
31 (lun) 

Van RAALTE, E. 

The house that dedication built, 44 (Nov) 

VEINS 

Nursing care in varicose vein surgery, (Ro- 

drigue), 43 (Ian) 
Varicose veins of the lower limbs, 

(Dionne), 39 (Ian) 

VETERINARY MEDICINE 

Deserter of people?, (Wilkinson), 45 (Mar) 
Seals for patients (Johnson, deJong, Fos 
ter), 50 (Aug) 

VICTORIAN ORDER OF NURSES 

"Meals on Wheels" for shut-ins, 11 (Apr) 
VON general meeting held in Ottawa, 7 
(lun) 

VINGE, Evangeline 
Biog., 19 (Dec) 

VIRGINIA, M., Sister 

Biog., (port), 15 (Oct) 

W 

WALKER, Mildred Irene 
Biog., (port), 16 (Jan) 
Biog., 19 (Feb) 

WALLACE, Robert A. 

New image for the hospital chaplain, 29 
(Aug) 

WALPOLE, Peggy Ann 

Toronto s street haven started by RN, 13 
(Feb) 

WARD, Bernice M. 

Bk. rev., 48 (Jun) 

WATTS, Evelyn M. 

An assessment of the use of nurse-patient 
relationship to provide three aspects of 



supportive emotional care in a psychia 
trie hospital, (abst), 48 (Oct) 

WEDGERY, Albert W. 

President of RNAO, 18 (Jun) 

WESTERN ONTARIO. UNIVERSITY 

Sets 1970 deadline for nurses to complet< 

B.Sc.N., 10 (Sep) 
UWO School of nursing sponsors fifth 

seminar, 7 (Jan) 

WILKINS, Mary E. 

Biog., (port), 19 (Aug) 

WILKINSON, Jean 

Deserter of people?, 45 (Mar) 

WILLETT, Kathleen S. 

Biog., (port), 22 (Nov) 

WILSON, Carolyn 

NBARN scholarships of $500, 19 (Jan) 

WISHLOW, W. 

Bk. rev., 51 (Jul) 

WOOD, Kathleen C. 

Biog., (port), 19 (Jun) 

WOOD, Vivian 

Bk. rev., 51 (Sep) 

WORLD HEALTH DAY 

7 (Apr) 

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 

Alberta nurses serve in Africa, 8 (Jan) 
Canadian nurses work with WMO, 8 (Nov 
Gemeroy, Helen M., psychiatric nursinj 

consultant, 22 (Nov) 
Investigates bilharziasis, 17 (Apr) 
Kellogg Foundation gives grant, 17 (Jun) 
Six Canadian nurses joined staff, 18 (Aug 
Travelling seminar in USSR (Mussallem) 

27 (Feb) 

World Health Day, 7 (Apr) 
World health problems, 18 (Jul) 

WORLD WAR II 

M. & V. for Christmas dinner, 28 (Dec 

WRIGHT, Erna 

Biog., 23 (May) 

WRIGHT, John B. 

Weyburn Psychiatric Centre, 29 (Jun) 

WRITING 

Conference for editors of nursing jour 
nals, 12 (Oct) 



X RAY 

WHO, UNICEF try new x-ray units, i: 
(Mar) 



YOUNG, Helen 

Biog., 19 (Mar) 



ZILM, Glennis 

Mental health (edit), 3 (Jun) 



XVI 



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Ascorbic Acid . 1 ,000 mg. 

Thiamine Hydrochloride 250 mg. 

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