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Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Teachers  College 

1906-1936 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Teachers  College 

1906- 1936 

RICHMOND,  KENTUCKY 

Prepared  by  Members  of  the  Faculty 


EASTERN        KENTUCKY       REVIEW 
Volume  XXIX  May,  1936  Number  1 


Published  bi-monthly  by  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers 
College  and  entered  at  the  post  office  at  Richmond,  Kentucky,  as 
second-class   matter,    November   20,    1906. 


Copyrighted  1936  by 
Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


Dedicated  to  the  Citizens  of  Kentucky 

and  the  Students   of  Eastern  who  have 

contributed  to  these  Three  Decades 

of  Progress. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

LYRASIS  Members  and  Sloan  Foundation 


http://www.archive.org/details/threedecadesofprOOdorr 


THREE  DECADES  OF  PROGRESS 

Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


Jonathan  T.  Dorris,  Editor 


CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  I  Pages 

Teacher-Training  in  Kentucky  prior  to  1906 9-20 

Mabel  Pollitt  Adams 

CHAPTER  II 

The  Founding  of  Eastern  21-48 

Jonathan  T.  Dorris 

CHAPTER  III 

The   Administration    49-69 

William  C.  Jones 

CHAPTER  IV 
The  Curriculum   71-84 

Melvin  E.  Mattox 

CHAPTER  V 

The   Training   School   85-108 

Richard  A.  Edtoards 


CHAPTER  VI 

The  Library  109-122 

Mary  Floyd 

CHAPTER  VII 

The    Campus    123-129 

Jacob  D.  Farris 

CHAPTER  VIII 

Extra-Curricular  Activities  131-142 

Roy  B.  Clark 

CHAPTER  IX 
Student   Life   143-163 

Mary  Frances  McKinney,  May  C.  Hansen,  Mrs.  Julian  Tyng 

CHAPTER  X 

The  College  Farm  165-173 

Ashby  B.  Carter 


CHAPTER  XI  Pages 

Health,  Physical  Education  and  Athletics  175-189 

Jacob  D.  Farris  and  Thomas  E.  McDonough 

CHAPTER  XII 

The  Growth,  Training  and  Tenure  of  the  Faculty  191-211 

William  J.  Moore 

CHAPTER  XIII 

Some  Faculty  Character  Sketches  213-226 

Maude  Gibson 

CHAPTER  XIV 

The  Alumni  227-231 

Lucile  Derrick  and  Sam  Beckley 

CHAPTER  XV 

Central    University    233-253 

Jonathan  T.  Dorris 


APPENDIX 

A.  The  Training  School  Staff  256-260 

Richard  A.  Edwards 

B.  Biographical   Sketches  of  Former  Members  of  the  College 

Faculty    261-272 

William  J.  Moore,  Maude  Gibson  and  May  C.  Hansen 

C.  Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Present  College  Teaching 

Faculty    273-287 

William  J.  Moore,  Maude  Gibson  and  May  C.  Hansen 

D.  Publications  of  the  Present  Faculty 288-301 

E.  Alumni  of  the  Model  High  School  302-305 

Richard  A.  Edioards 

F.  Alumni  Directory-Two  Year  College  Graduates  (1907-1924)  306-316 

Lucile  Derrick  and  Sam  Beckley 

G.  Alumni  Directory — Four  Year  College  Graduates 

(1925-1936)     317-363 

Lucile  Derrick  and  Sam  Beckley 

H.     College  Songs rrr:.......,.r.:r....r „„.„„„„„.„.„«..„,„,  364-365 


FOREWORD 

Thirty  years  ago  when  Governor  J.  C.  W.  Beckham  signed 
the  bill  establishing  Eastern,  the  typical  teacher  of  the  state 
possessed  a  seventh  grade  education.  There  was  not  at  that  time 
a  county  high  school  in  Kentucky ;  only  a  few  of  the  larger  cities 
maintained  secondary  schools.  The  University  of  Kentucky  had 
not  yet  been  established ;  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege was  small  and  limited  in  its  services  to  the  youth  of  the 
Commonwealth.  The  attendance  in  the  private  colleges  was  less 
than  it  is  today  and  their  influence  was  not  nearly  as  effective  as 
it  is  at  present. 

Three  decades  have  passed  since  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Teachers  College  came  into  existence.  The  typical  Kentucky 
teacher  now  has  two  or  more  years  of  college  education.  There 
are  over  700  high  schools  enrolling  approximately  70,000  stu- 
dents. The  state  maintains  four  great  teachers'  colleges  for 
the  preparation  of  teachers.  These  colleges  enrolled  from  five 
to  six  thousand  students  every  year.  The  majority  of  these 
students  are  teachers  in  service  who  spend  a  part  of  each  year 
making  further  preparation  for  their  work.  The  University  of 
Kentucky  has  come  into  being  and  has  attained  national  recog- 
nition. The  private  colleges  of  the  state  are  greater  today 
than  at  any  time  during  the  century  or  more  of  their  splendid 
history. 

With  the  establishing  of  Eastern  and  Western  a  new  spirit 
of  education  pervaded  the  state.  All  schools  appeared  to  have 
prospered  as  a  result.  A  new  value  was  placed  on  the  im- 
portance of  education.  Enthusiastic  teachers  better  educated 
for  their  work  returned  to  their  homes  to  stimulate  an  interest 
in  schools.  As  the  teachers  became  educated,  better  schools  were 
taught.  Children  were  prepared  for  high  schools.  Secondary 
schools  were  organized  and  their  graduates  were  interested  in 
going  to  college.  The  development  in  education  during  the  past 
three  decades  has  been  much  greater  than  during  the  period 
from  1792  to  1906.  It  is  not  our  purpose  to  intimate  that  this 
great  growth  is  due  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  teachers'  colleges, 


although  these  schools  are  entitled  to  much  credit  for  this  devel- 
opment. The  spirit  that  conceived  these  colleges  has  been  for 
thirty  years  working  through  them  and  all  other  colleges  and 
schools  to  the  end  that  a  great  cultural  development  in  the  Com- 
monwealth has  been  the  result.  Education  begets  education. 
The  more  education  a  people  get,  the  more  they  want. 

During  the  thirty  years  of  our  history,  Eastern  has  enrolled 
approximately  35,000  different  students.  These  have  returned 
for  the  most  part  to  their  communities  to  lift  the  intellectual 
life  of  their  people.  They  have  served  their  state  and  nation 
in  the  promotion  of  the  general  welfare.  Members  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  Eastern  have  found  time  in  their  busy  lives  to  write 
these  chapters  lest  the  history  of  the  early  years  of  the  college 
be  forgotten.  Doubtless  many  things  have  been  overlooked  that 
should  have  been  recorded.  Much  has  been  omitted  due  to  lack 
of  space. 

"We  wish  to  acknowledge  our  appreciation  for  the  untiring 
efforts  of  the  authors  of  these  chapters. 

H.  L.  Donovan,  President. 


CHAPTER  I. 

TEACHER-TRAINING  IN  KENTUCKY  PRIOR  TO  1906 

By  Mabel  Pollitt  Adams 

It  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  include  in  this  book  a  chap- 
ter on  the  history  of  teacher-training'  in  Kentucky  prior  to  1906. 
The  chapter  must  inevitably  be  brief,  because  of  the  failure  on 
the  part  of  a  great  commonwealth  to  provide  what  is  today  recog- 
nized as  an  essential  and  indispensable  link  in  her  educational 
system,  namely,  teacher-training  centers.  Looking  back  after 
three  decades  upon  what  has  been  accomplished  by  such  a  pro- 
gram, one  is  unable  to  comprehend  why  Kentucky  was  so  apa- 
thetic in  this  respect  for  more  than  sixty  years  after  she  had  pro- 
vided for  a  system  of  common  schools. 

Doctor  H.  L.  Donovan  points  out  in  his  study  entitled  A 
State's  Elementary  Teacher-Training  Problem  (Kentucky)  that 
the  first  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  Kentucky,  the 
Reverend  Joseph  J.  Bullock  (1838-39),  in  his  initial  report  to 
the  General  Assembly  urged  "the  founding  of  one  or  more 
normal  schools  for  the  purpose  of  training  the  sons  of  the  soil 
for  teaching  ..." 

Doctor  Donovan  continues : 

The  voice  of  the  first  superintendent  went  unheeded;  his 
plea  fell  upon  deaf  ears.  The  Legislature  made  no  move  in  the 
direction  of  establishing  training  schools  for  teachers.  But  the 
first  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  was  no  more  unsuccess- 
ful on  this  issue  than  the  long  line  of  his  distinguished  successors 
was  destined  to  be.  Sixty-eight  years  came  and  passed  before  a 
legislature  heeded  the  sane  advice  of  these  educators.  Fifteen 
different  Superintendents  appeared  before  more  than  thirty  ses- 
sions of  the  General  Assembly  in  behalf  of  teacher  training,  solicit- 
ing, counseling  and  persuading  the  members  to  provide  normal 
schools,  before  these  institutions  were  permanently  established. 
Their  recommendations  were  frequently  supplemented  by  recom- 
mendations from  the  Governor  in  behalf  of  the  cause  of  teacher- 
training.  But  an  indifferent  or  hostile  General  Assembly  always 
either  ignored  the  recommendations  or  voted  them  down.  .  .  . 

The  most  desperate  struggle  in  the  history  of  school  legis- 
lation in  Kentucky  was  the  fight  to  create  state-supported  insti- 
tutions for  the  training  of  teachers.  The  State  was  forty-six 
years  (1792-1838)  in  being  persuaded  that  it  was  its  function  to 
educate  the  children,  but  it  took  one  hundred  and  fourteen  years 


10  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

(1792-1906)  to  convince  the  people  that  it  was  the  function  of  the 
State  to  retrain  teachers.1 

The  year  1838,  in  which  Kentucky  established  her  common 
school  system,  is  a  landmark  in  the  history  of  the  teacher-train- 
ing movement  in  the  United  States,  for  it  was  in  this  year  that 
the  first  normal  schools  in  America  were  assured.  Two  schools 
were  accordingly  opened  the  following  year  in  Massachusetts, 
one  in  Lexington  in  July,  1839,  the  other  in  Barre  in  September. 

At  present,  it  seems  remarkable  that  Kentucky  did  not  give 
more  consideration  to  the  establishment  of  such  schools,  but  it  is 
quite  likely  in  that  day  of  scant  communication  and  publicity 
that  the  Kentucky  legislators  were  entirely  unaware  of  the  im- 
portant legislation  being  enacted  in  the  Bay  Colony  State. 

Training  School  for  Teachers  at  Transylvania 

Kentucky  had  for  many  years  enjoyed  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion in  the  "Old  Southwest"  by  reason  of  the  well-deserved  fame 
of  Transylvania  University,  established  in  1799  at  Lexington. 
Its  faculties,  particularly  those  of  the  Law  and  Medical  Depart- 
ments, and  the  scholarly  achievements  of  its  graduates  had  made 
the  school  famous  throughout  the  new  section  west  of  the  Al- 
leghenies.  Students  from  all  this  territory  flocked  to  the 
"Athens  of  the  West"  to  study  under  masters  of  law  and  medi- 
cine and  letters.  The  history  of  this  institution  has  been  ably 
related  by  Dr.  Robert  Peter  and  his  daughter,  Miss  Johanna 
Peter,  and  constitutes  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the  invalu- 
able series  of  Filson  Club  publications.2  Thomas  Speed,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Filson  Club,  in  the  preface  to  this  volume  says : 

No  university  in  this  country  was  ever  inaugurated  on  a 
broader  or  better  plan.  It  was  to  be  a  central  university,  with  a 
seminary  in  each  county  of  the  surrounding  state  to  supply  it 
with  students.  To  inaugurate  this  system,  each  of  the  early  coun- 
ties in  Kentucky  was  given  six  thousand  acres  of  land  by  the  state 
to  secure  the  necessary  buildings  and  start  its  seminary.  Had 
this  system  been  adhered  to,  Transylvania  would  today  be  one  of 
the  leading  universities  not  only  of  this  country  but  of  the  whole 
world.  It  was  doomed,  however,  to  be  sacrificed  upon  the  incon- 
siderate    altar    of     denominational     antagonisms.     Different     and 


1 H.  L.  Donovan,  A  State's  Elementary  Teacher-Training  Problem 
(Kentucky),  George  T'eaborty  College  for  Teachers  Contributions  to  Educa- 
tion, No.  17,  Nashville,   1925. 

a  Robert  and  Johanna  Peter,  Transylvania  University  (Filson  Club 
Publication,  Number  11). 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  11 

opposing'  religious  sects  struggled  for  its  control  and  in  the  con- 
flict the  University  was  consumed  by  the  fervor  of  their  con- 
tests, 

However,  this  is  neither  the  time  nor  the  place  to  review  the 
harrowing  details  by  which  Transylvania  was  shorn  of  her  glory 
and  prestige.  Dr.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  one  of  the  most  bril- 
liant men  ever  to  serve  the  educational  system  of  the  State,  was 
the  superintendent  at  this  time  (1850).  He  was  quick  to  see  the 
possibility  of  attaining  the  desideratum  of  every  state  superin- 
tendent before  him.  He  suggested  a  plan  for  the  reorganization 
of  Transylvania  University  whereby  it  should  become  a  state 
school  for  the  training  of  teachers.  Fruition  of  the  plan,  how- 
ever, was  not  destined  to  come  until  six  years  later  during  the 
administration  of  his  successor,  Dr.  John  Daniel  Matthews. 

By  1856  it  had  become  quite  evident  to  the  trustees  of  Tran- 
sylvania that  no  academic  resuscitation  was  probable,  and,  ac- 
cordingly, a  memorial  was  presented  by  them  to  the  Legislature. 
This  memorial,  signed  by  six  of  the  most  prominent  Lexingto- 
nians  of  their  day — Madison  C.  Johnson,  Benj.  Gratz,  J.  J.  Hun- 
ter, R.  W.  Wooley,  W.  A.  Dudley,  and  Joel  Higgins — proposed 
to  turn  over  to  the  State  the  entire  properties  of  Transylvania 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  teacher-training  institution  in 
Kentucky.  These  properties  as  enumerated  by  them  were  as 
follows :  a  campus  of  fifteen  acres,  on  which  were  located  several 
buildings  (among  them  the  classic  Morrison  Hall,  which 
remains  the  present  gem  of  the  Transylvania  campus),  a  per- 
petually endowed  professorship,  stocks  and  bonds,  the  total  of 
all  the  properties  being  estimated  as  exceeding  in  value  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Thus,  within  the  historic  halls  of  the  oldest  educational 
institution  in  America  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  with  an  endow- 
ment far  exceeding  any  provided  for  in  the  eastern  and  older 
commonwealths,  with  a  state  appropriation  of  twelve  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  Kentucky  opened  her  first  state  training 
school  for  teachers.  The  attendance  on  the  first  day,  September 
7,  1856,  numbered  more  than  eighty,  which  number  increased 
shortly  to  one  hundred  nineteen.     These  numbers  are  in  striking 


12  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

contrast  to  the  scant  enrollment  of  the  opening  sessions  of  the 
Massachusetts  normal  schools  eighteen  years  previous.3 

A  president,  Dr.  Lewis  W.  Green,  and  five  professors,  ' '  men 
of  talents,  learning  and  aptness  to  teach, ' '  had  been  provided  for. 
Thus  equipped,  the  school  began  its  operations,  and  the  State 
Superintendent  reported  to  the  next  legislature :  ' '  The  state 
has  every  reason  to  be  proud  of  her  school  for  teachers  and  to 
cherish  it  as  the  apple  of  her  eye. ' ' 

It  is  difficult  to  comprehend  why  the  project  enthusiastically 
entered  into  by  all  parties  in  1856  should  have  encountered, 
almost  immediately,  destructive  opposition.  Miss  Peter  says 
that  "party  opposition,  under  the  plea  of  unconstitutionality, 
put  an  end  to  this  beneficent  project  after  a  trial  of  only  two 
years;  and  thus  Kentucky  lost  a  Normal  School,  and  Transyl- 
vania lapsed  again  into  a  spiritless  mediocrity. '  '4 

It  has  been  said  that,  by  the  abandonment  of  this  first  state 
training  school  for  teachers,  a  retrograde  movement  was  given 
the  State,  the  results  of  which  were  apparent  for  at  least  a  quar- 
ter of\a  century.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  however,  it  was  exactly 
twice  that  long  before  Kentucky  had  again  actually  in  her  pos- 
session a  system  of  state-supported  schools  for  the  training  of 
teachers.  What  she  lost  in  that  interval  in  trained  citizenry, 
human  calculation  can  never  estimate. 

Kentucky  Military  Institute 

More  than  twenty  years  elapsed  before  any  other  legislation 
was  passed  with  reference  to  a  normal  school  which  had  state 
sponsorship.  In  1878,  State  Superintendent  H.  A.  M.  Hender- 
son secured  the  necessary  legislation  to  enable  him  and  his  State 
Board  of  Education  to  conduct  a  school  for  ten  weeks  during  the 
summers  of  1878  and  1879  at  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute, 
then  located  at  Farmdale,  six  miles  from  Frankfort. 

This  school  does  not  seem  to  have  received  any  financial  aid 
from  the  legislature,  which  merely  gave  its  official  sanction  to 
permit  the  granting  of  certificates  upon   the  completion   of  a 


"Only  three  young  women  (and  no  men)  appeared  at  Lexington,  Mass., 
on  July  :!,  18.39,  the  date  set  for  the  opening  of  (lie  first  normal  school 
•.venture.  At  Barre  two  months  later,  twelve  women  and  eight  men  enrolled 
on  the  opening  day  ol"  the  second  normal  school  established  in  .Massachusetts. 

*  History  of  Transylvania,  op.  cit.,  p.  174. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  13 

curriculum  prescribed  by  Superintendent  Henderson  and  bis 
colleagues.  The  certificate  was  designated  a  state  certificate  and 
was  valid  for  five  years.  According  to  tbe  reports,  between 
thirty  and  forty  students  were  in  attendance  the  first  summer, 
most  of  whom  were  applicants  for  the  certificate ;  the  following 
year,  however,  the  attendance  dropped  off  and  the  next  legis- 
lature failed  to  make  any  provision  for  the  continuation  of  the 
' '  experiment, ' '  as  the  superintendent 's  report  described  it. 

The  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Kentucky 

The  final  provision  made  by  the  State  with  reference  to  her 
teachers  prior  to  1906  was  that  which  was  incorporated  into  the 
charter  of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Kentucky 
upon  its  reorganization  in  1880.  It  was  in  this  year  that  the 
institution  which  is  now  the  University  of  Kentucky  was  detached 
from  its  ill-starred  union  of  fifteen  years  with  the  old  Kentucky 
University,  and  moved  to  its  present  location  in  the  southern 
section  of  Lexington,  there  to  set  up  an  independent  existence. 
One  provision  of  its  new  charter  stipulated  that  "in  addition 
to  the  regular  four-year  collegiate  period  of  instruction  there 
should  be  established,  in  connection  with  the  college  a  normal 
department,  or  course  of  instruction  for  irregular  periods,  des- 
ignated particularly,  but  not  exclusively,  to  qualify  teachers 
for  common  and  other  schools. ' ' 

It  is  perhaps  to  be  regretted  that  the  first  state  support  for 
the  training  of  teachers  since  1858  should  have  been  included  in 
the  program  of  an  agricultural  and  mechanical  college.  Dr. 
H.  L.  Donovan  has  well  summed  up  the  situation : 

The  atmosphere  of  this  institution  was  not  conducive  to 
develop  trained  teachers  .  .  .  The  professors  of  this  department 
were  not  held  in  high  academic  esteem  by  their  colleagues;  and 
likewise  the  students  of  the  Normal  Department  were,  in  the 
common  estimate,  ranked  lower  than  those  of  the  other  colleges. 
Laboring  under  such  handicaps,  the  school  never  attained  the 
influence  that  it  would  have  under  more  auspicious  circumstances. 
It  failed  to  reach  any  considerable  number  of  teachers.  Never- 
theless, the  faithful  teachers  in  this  Normal  Department  did  all 
any  group  of  men  could  do  under  the  circumstances,  and  exercised 
a  marvelous  influence  over  the  few  who  came  to  them  for  instruc- 
tion ...  In  1907  this  Department  was  discontinued  and  a  Depart- 
ment of  Education  of  the  College  of  Arts  and  Science  of  the  Uni- 
versity, with  collegiate   rank,   was   established.5 


B  H.  L.  Donovan,  op.  cit.,  p.  17. 


l4  THREE  DECADES  OF  PROGRESS 

Some  of  the  men  connected  with  this  Normal  Department 
were  A.  M.  Peterman,  Professor  J.  T.  C.  Noe,  Professor  Milford 
White,  and  Dr.  Ruric  Nevel  Roark,  who  became  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School,  when  it 
began  operations  at  Richmond,  in  1906. 

State  Provisions  for  Training  of  Colored  Teachers 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  Kentucky  established  a  professional 
training  school  for  her  colored  teachers  twenty  years  before 
she  set  up  independent  centers  for  white  teachers,  providing  in 
1886  an  appropriation  of  $7,000  for  buildings  and  an  annual 
$3,000  maintenance  appropriation.  The  school,  known  as  the 
Kentucky  Normal  and  Industrial  Institute,  was  located  at  Frank- 
fort and  from  time  to  time  has  received  considerable  increases  in 
the  appropriations,  commensurate  with  the  service  it  renders. 

Certification  and  Private  Ventures  in  Teacher-Training 

Although  the  heading  of  this  section  is  stated  to  be  private 
ventures  in  teacher-training,  it  might  be  more  accurately  stated 
to  be  private  schools  for  preparing  prospective  teachers  for 
"passing"  the  teachers'  examinations.  Little  attention  in  the 
early  years  of  these  schools  was  given  to  teacher-training,  but 
most  of  the  effort  was  directed  toward  enabling  persons  to 
"pass"  the  prescribed  examinations.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  in  the 
first  few  years  following  the  establishment  of  Kentucky's  com- 
mon-school system,  the  matter  of  certification  of  teachers  is 
extremely  vague.  In  1838  mention  was  made  of  a  certificate, 
but  it  was  not  until  four  years  later  that  an  examination  was 
specified,  and  this  presumably  was  an  oral  one. 

During  Dr.  Breckinridge's  term  of  office,  legislation  was 
enacted  to  the  effect  that  the  commissioners  shall  appoint  one  or 
more  examiners  of  teachers  whose  duty  it  shall  be  "carefully  to 
examine  all  applicants  as  to  their  qualifications  to  teach  the 
elements  of  a  plain  English  education."  The  certificate,  it  was 
slated,  "may  be  permanent,  or  only  for  a  year."  Elsewhere  in 
the  statutes  of  this  administration  a  "plain  English  education" 
is  described  as  "including  grammar,  arithmetic,  and  geography." 

In  1864  a  revision  of  the  certification  laws  was  effected  dur- 
ing Superintendent  Daniel  Stevenson's  administration,  and  we 


Easteen  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  15 

read  of  two  classes  of  certificates :  first  class,6  renewable  and 
good  for  two  years,7  granted  to  persons  well  qualified  to  teach ; 
second  class,  good  for  one  year  and  not  renewable  unless  the 
teacher  shows  improvement. 

In  1878  three  classes  of  certificates  and  a  possible  fourth 
were  specified,  namely,  first  class  and  second  class  with  two 
grades  in  each  class.  "Those  who  understand  clearly  the  prin- 
ciples involved,  as  Avell  as  the  forms,  shall  be  entitled  to  first 
class,  first  grade;  those  who  know  the  forms  well  and  have  a 
knowledge  of  principles,  .  .  .  shall  be  entitled  to  first  class,  sec- 
ond grade ;  those  who  know  the  forms  well,  but  not  the  principles 
shall  be  entitled  to  second  class,  first  grade."  The  second  class 
second  grade  was  issued  only  as  an  emergency  certificate  good  for 
only  one  term  in  case  no  other  teacher  could  be  obtained  for  a 
given  district.  The  first  class,  first  grade  certificate  was  valid 
for  four  years  with  a  possible  extension  of  four  years,  while  the 
other  two  classes  were  valid  for  two  years,  were  not  renewable, 
and  could  not  be  issued  more  than  twice  to  the  same  person.  All 
certificates,  however,  were  valid  only  in  the  county  in  which  the 
applicant  appeared. 

Dr.  Henderson,  during  whose  administration  the  above  cer- 
tification laws  were  passed,  did  much  to  improve  the  standards 
of  certification  and  insisted  upon  the  examiners'  refraining  from 
extravagant  comments,  citing  as  one  of  the  worst  instances  the 

examiner  who  wrote  :     ' '  The  bearer,  Mr.  B ,  appeared  before 

me  for  examination,  and  I  hereby  certify  he  is  the  most  remark- 
able man  for  a  school  teacher  I  ever  saw." 

Still  later,  certificates  were  granted  on  the  following  bases : 
first  class,  obtained  on  an  average  grade  of  85  per  cent,  good  for 
four  years  with  a  possible  extension  of  four  additional  years; 
second  class,  requiring  an  average  grade  of  75  per  cent,  good  for 
two  years ;  and  a  third  class  requiring  an  average  of  65  per  cent, 
good  for  only  one  year,  and  not  granted  twice  to  an  applicant. 


6  Barksdale   Hamlett,  History  of  Education  in  Kentucky,  p.   78. 

1  Miss  Elizabeth  Dabney's  Master's  thesis,  University  of  Kentucky, 
"History  of  Education  in  Mason  County",  says  that  a  former  teacher  of 
Mason  County  told  her  that  about  this  time  he  was  examined.  The  only 
question  asked  him  was  to  describe  the  Danube  River.  Having  given  a 
favorable  answer,  he  was  granted  a  two-year  certificate.  Some  examina- 
tion questions  of  1874  are  valuable  as  exhibiting  the  type  of  scholarship 
expected.  In  arithmetic,  for  example,  one  of  the  questions  is  :  If  U  of  an 
orange  costs  iy2c,  what  will  %  cost?  In  reading:  What  are  some  of  the 
principles  to  be  guarded  against? 


16  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

There  were  also  two  other  types  of  certificates  which  were 
obtainable  through  examinations,  the  "State  Certificate' '  and. 
the  "State  Diploma.'-'  Both  of  these  certificates  were  state  wide 
in  their  validity :  the  former,  good  for  a  period  of  eight  years 
with  a  possible  extension  of  eight  additional  years,  was  secured 
by  making  an  average  grade  of  90  per  cent  on  a  series  of  exami- 
nations covering  the  so-called  common  school  examinations  re- 
quired in  the  county  certificates,  also  algebra,  English,  and 
American  literature ;  the  State  Diploma  required  an  average 
grade  of  95  per  cent  in  all  the  subjects  required  for  a  state  cer- 
tificate together  with  examinations  in  geometry,  physics,  and  two 
years  of  Latin,  and  it  certificated  for  life. 

To  prepare  candidates  for  these  examinations,  there  grad- 
ually grew  up  in  many  sections  of  the  State  educational  institu- 
tions called  normal  schools.  These  were  of  two  tj'pes.  The 
independent  city  or  graded  school,  located  generally  in  the 
county  seat,  permitted  prospective  teachers  to  enter  for 
the  final  ten  or  twelve  weeks  of  the  school  term,  upon  the  pay- 
ment of  a  tuition  fee.  "Normal  Review"  courses  were  organ- 
ized, intensive  study,  drill,  and  memory  work  stressed,  all  of 
which  was  designed  to  enable  the  candidates  to  "pass"  the  teach- 
ers' examinations.  The  other  type  of  normal  school  was  purely 
a  private  enterprise.  "Sixteen  private  normal  schools  were 
active  in  1880,  when  the  first  gesture  was  made  by  the  State  to 
train  its  teachers. '  '8  Some  of  the  better  known  of  these  will  be 
mentioned. 

Perhaps  the  most  successful  of  all  was  the  Southern  Normal 
School,  located  at  Bowling  Green,  which  became  in  1906,  under 
the  same  president,  Dr.  H.  H.  Cherry,  the  Western  Ken- 
tucky Normal  School.  This  school  had  enjoyed  a  splendid 
reputation  and  had  attracted  a  large  number  of  students  for 
many  years.  It  had  its  inception  in  Glasgow  in  1875  under  the 
inspiration  of  Professor  A.  W.  Mell,  who  came  to  Glasgow  from 
the  National  Normal  University  at  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  1884 
upon  the  invilalion  of  several  leading  citizens  at  Bowling  Green, 
Professor  Mell  removed  from  Glasgow  to  occupy  the  site  and 
buildings  of  the  defunct   Bowling  Green   Female  College.     By 


8  H.  L.  Donovan,  op.  cit.,  p.  21. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  17 

1890  the  school  had  made  rapid  growth  and  continued  to  expand 
under  the  leadership  of  President  H.  H.  Cherry. 

The  school  at  Glasgow,  as  has  been  said,  dates  back  to  some 
years  earlier.  It  was  the  lineal  successor  of  three  older  schools, 
the  Barren  County  Seminary,  Urania  College,  and  the  Liberty 
College  for  Women.  The  Legislature  of  1876  granted  a  charter 
to  the  Glasgow  Normal  School  and  Business  College  with  power 
to  hold  annual  commencements  and  public  examinations,  also  to 
"confer  .such  honorary  degrees  and  diplomas  as  is  usual  in  col- 
leges and  high  schools  of  the  commonwealth."  A  further  pro- 
vision was  that  any  graduate  holding  a  diploma  "shall  be 
deemed  qualified  to  teach  in  any  common  school  in  Kentucky, 
and  th.e  same  shall  stand  in  lieu  of  a  first  class,  first  grade  cer- 
tificate, fur  both  sexes." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  board  was  frequently  advanced 
by  the  citizens  of  Glasgow  to  the  prospective  teachers  to  be  paid 
for  when  they  should  receive  sufficient  salary.0 

After  Mr.  Mell  removed  to  Bowling  Green,  Ruric  N.  Roark, 
a  native  of  Muhlenberg  Comity,  also  from  the  National  Normal 
School  in  Lebanon,  Ohio,  was  in  charge  of  the  school  at  Glasgow 
for  a  period  of  five  years.  (Professor  Roark  later  became  the 
first  president  of  the  Eastern  State  Normal  School  at  Richmond 
in  1906.)  Following  Roark  came  A.  M.  Peterman.  The  school 
declined,  however,  and  was  defunct  after  1890. 

Dr.  McHenry  Rhoads,  formerly  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  in  Kentucky,  has  stated : 

Another  venture  in  teacher-training  about  that  time  was  the 
West  Kentucky  Classical  and  Normal  College  at  South  Carrollton, 
Kentucky.  This  school  was  established  in  1874  under  the  name 
of  Male  and  Female  Institute.  In  1SS6.  a  teacher-training  depart- 
ment was  created.  Diplomas  from  the  institution  were  made 
valid  as  State  Certificates. 

In  the  same  year,  Hartford  College  added  a  teacher-training 
department  and  the  Legislature  gave  the  graduates  of  that  institu- 
tion, holding  diplomas  therefrom,  the  right  to  teach  in  any  public 
school  in  the  State  without  further  examination. 

.  .  .  There  were  a  few  other  private  institutions  of  lesser 
rank  which  gave  teacher-training.  Some  of  them  had  the  legis- 
lature to  make  their  diplomas  equivalent  to  state  certificates. 
With  the  establishment  of  the  regular  state  normal  schools  a  new 
certificating  law  became  effective. 


9  Palmore,  History  of  Education  in  Barren  County,  Kentucky.     (Master's 
thesis  in  University  of  Kentucky  Library.) 


18  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

In  the  eastern  section  of  the  State  one  of  the  best  known 
schools  was  developed  at  Normal,  Kentucky,  a  suburb  of  Catletts- 
burg,  under  the  leadership  of  Miss  Neptha  Savage,  afterwards 
Mrs.  Mordecai  Williams.  Mrs.  Williams  was  a  vigorous  woman, 
a  well  trained  teacher,  a  graduate  of  Dr.  Alfred  Holbrook's 
famous  normal  school  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  and  conducted  for 
many  years  one  of  the  best  private  normal  schools  in  the  State. 
Still  another  school  was  established  in  1887  at  Morehead,  Ken- 
tucky, by  Mrs.  Phoebe  Button  and  her  son,  F.  C.  Button.  This 
is  the  school  which  later  was  transferred  to  the  State  when,  in 
1922,  the  State  increased  its  number  of  training  schools  for 
teachers  to  four.  The  school  was  known  as  the  Morehead  Nor- 
mal School  and  was  chiefly  under  the  control  of  the  Kentucky 
Christian  Missionary  Society. 

In  an  adjoining  county,  Carter,  in  1905,  Professor  J.  W. 
Lusby  began  offering  courses  at  high  school  level,  designed  to 
prepare  teachers  for  the  county  schools  of  Carter  and  adjacent 
sections.  In  Lewis  county,  a  flourishing  local  normal  school 
existed  for  many  years,  offering  only  ten-week  courses  in  the 
spring  under  the  direction  of  Professor  T.  M.  Games.  In  the 
southern  section  of  the  State  similar  schools  existed  in  Casey 
county,  at  Whitesburg  in  Letcher  county,  at  Beattyville  in  Lee 
county,  and  at  Barbourville  in  Knox  county.  It  is  well-nigh 
impossible  to  get  a  complete  list  of  these  schools,  inasmuch  as 
there  are  few  catalogs  extant.  Indeed,  many  of  the  schools 
never  issued  catalogs,  but  depended  upon  newspaper  publicity 
and  printed  handbills. 

Old  Central  University,  founded  in  Richmond  in  1874  by 
the  Kentucky  Synod  of  the  Southern  Presbyterian  church,  whose 
campus  and  properties  were  later  transferred  to  the  Common- 
wealth of  Kentucky  for  the  purpose  of  locating  the  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky State  Normal  School,  maintained  four  collegiate  insti- 
tutes, or  preparatory  schools,  in  connection  with  a  program  of 
state-wide  contact.  Six  .schools  were  originally  contemplated, 
but  apparently  only  four  were  organized.  One  was  on  the 
campus  in  Richmond,  and  the  others  were  at  Jaekson,  Elizabeth- 
town,  and  Middlcsboro.  All  of  these  schools  offered  normal 
courses.     The  catalog  of  the  one  at  Jackson  for  1898-99  describes 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  19 

in  detail  the  courses  and  classes  available  for  "teachers  of  all 
grades."10 

Likewise  upon  the  campus  of  the  mother  school  in  Rich- 
mond, as  indeed  in  many  other  colleges  in  Kentucky  and  the 
South,  a  normal  department  was  set  up.  The  catalog  of  Central 
University  for  the  year  1892-93  outlines  the  course  of  study 
known  as  the  Teachers'  Normal  Course.11  It  also  describes 
summer  courses  beginning  June  19  and  closing  July  15,  1893, 
which  were  intended  "to  meet  the  wants  of  two  classes  of  per- 
sons, teachers  in  the  public  schools  throughout  the  state  who  are 
ambitious  to  fit  themselves  for  higher  grade  certificates  and 
better  work  in  the  schoolroom,  and  young  men  and  women  fitting 
for  college." 

The  County  Institute 

The  chapter  should  not  be  closed  without  some  reference  to 
still  another  effort  at  professional  training  in  this  barren  period. 
Meager  though  it  was,  the  Teachers'  County  Institute  for  many 
years  was  the  only  substitute  for  the  longer  period  of  pedagogical 
instruction.  The  institute  was  provided  for  by  law  in  1870. 
Superintendent  Henderson,  addressing  the  next  legislature, 
urged  the  necessity  of  substituting  in  its  stead  a  state  normal 
school.12  "No  system  of  institutes,  however  efficiently  con- 
ducted," he  stated,  "can  be  anything  more  than  partial  sub- 
stitutes. The  necessary  brevity  of  their  sessions,  the  extempo- 
rized teaching,  the  variety  of  methods,  and  the  conflict  of  opinions 
serve  to  modify  the  utility  of  the  institute  system.  In  connec- 
tion with  a  state  normal  school  they  would  be  more  useful  than 
now. ' ' 

His  plea,  however,  wras  disregarded  and  the  county  institute 
as  such  was  continued  in  Kentucky  until  about  1920.  The 
institute  was  generally  in  session  a  week,  during  which 
period  all  the  teachers  in  a  county  were  gathered  together, 
usually  at  the  county  seat.  A  visiting  instructor  was  present, 
often  a  man  of  good  professional  training.  During  this  week 
intensive  study  of  the  courses  of  study  was  entered  into,  the  new 


10  See  Chapter  XV  for  an  account  of  Central  University. 

11  Complete    sets    of    catalogs    of    Central    University    are    in    Eastern's 
Library  and  the  library  of  Centre  College. 

12  Barksdale   Hamlett,   op.   cit.,  p.    124. 


20  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

and  inexperienced  teachers  were  given  definite  instruction  along 
practical  lines,  while  better  teachers  assisted  in  endeavoring  to 
demonstrate  good  pedagogical  devices.  Indeed,  it  is  greatly  to 
the  credit  of  Kentucky  educators  that  they  faithfully  carried  out 
the  best  features  of  these  county  institutes  for  more  than  thirty- 
five  years,  despising  not  the  day  of  little  things,  as  they  hoped 
and  looked  for  a  better  day.13 

Conclusion 

This  chapter  discusses  the  rather,  disheartening  period  for 
the  training  of  Kentucky  teachers  prior  to  1906.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  overestimate  the  losses  suffered  by  Kentucky  in  an  edu- 
cational way  during  the  first  century,  and  more,  of  her  statehood 
by  reason  of  her  failure  to  recognize  that  she  needed  an  intelli- 
gent and  well  trained  body  of  teachers.  She  was  not,  however, 
alone  in  her  maze  of  errors,  for  the  history  of  many  sections 
points  to  similar  deficiencies.  It  is  the  hope,  however,  of  all 
connected  in  any  way  with  her  educational  system  that  the 
mistakes  of  the  past  may  never  be  duplicated,  but  rather  that  a 
clear  recognition  of  the  value  of  excellent  teachers  to  a  state 
may  spur  all  to  greater  efforts. 


13  Syllabi  for  the  daily  exercises  of  these  county  institutes  were  pub- 
lished and  distributed  from  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction. A  copy  of  the  one  for  1S90,  in  the  editor's  possession,  contains 
forty-three  pages  of  outlines  for  work  in  reading,  spelling,  writing,  grammar, 
language,  composition,  civil  government,  geography,  United  States  history, 
school  laws,  theory  and  practice  of  teaching,  organization  of  district  schools, 
school  government,  arithmetic,  physiology  and  hygiene  and  the  solution  of 
educational  problems.  This  syllabus,  the  introduction  to  which  was  written 
by  Joseph  Desha  Pickett,  appears  to  be  arranged  for  a  five-day  institute, 
but  it  contains  enough  subject  matter  for  at  least  a  semester. 


CHAPTER  II 

THE  FOUNDING  OF  EASTERN 
By  Jonathan  T.  Dorris 


JERE  A.  SULLIVAN 

A  life-long  friend  of  popular 
education,  the  late  Jere  A.  Sulli- 
van, Richmond  attorney,  was  in- 
fluential in  the  founding  of  Nor- 
mal Schools  in  Kentucky. 


"Next  in  importance  to 
freedom  and  justice  is  popu- 
lar education,  without  which 
neither  freedom  nor  justice 
can  be  permanently  main- 
tained." When  James  Abram 
Garfield  wrote  these  words 
(July  12,  1880),  accepting 
the  nomination  to  the  presi- 
dency, the  twelfth  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruc- 
tion in  Kentucky,  Joseph 
Desha  Pickett,  was  in  the  first 
year  of  his  long  term  of  office 
(1879-1887).  Every  one  of 
Mr.  Pickett's  eleven  able 
predecessors  had  recognized 
the  truth  which  Garfield  later 
so  classically  expressed,  and 
had  in  turn  urged  the  Legis- 
lature of  the  Commonwealth 
to  establish  schools  for  the 
training  of  teachers.  And  it 
may  be  said  that  this  educa- 


tional maxim,  penned  by  the  first  college  president  to  be  elected 
President  of  the  United  States,  was  restated  by  Superintendent 
Pickett  when  he  eloquently  declared : 

In  the  Normal  School,  the  State  lays  the  very  foundation  of 
self  perpetuation.  She  opens  the  future  to  her  own  prosperity. 
She  builds  the  bulwarks  of  her  own  strength,  by  giving  might  to 
her  coming  citizen,  when  she  gives  to  herself  the  Normal  School, 
perfect  in  its  parts,  strict  in  its  purpose  ...  to  equip  the  teacher 
for  the  training  of  her  children  and  for  the  development  of  her 
future  citizen  and  her  future  lawmaker. 


22 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


RURIC   NEVEL  ROARK  BUILDING 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  23 

Pickett's  eloquence,  however,  was  of  no  avail;1  and,  further- 
more, as  in  the  instances  of  his  predecessors,2  similar  recommen- 
dations by  his  first  three  successors  likewise  received  no  sub- 
stantial consideration.3  Nevertheless,  like  the  proverbial  drip- 
ping of  drops  of  water  that  finally  wears  away  the  stone,  the 
voice  of  the  leaders  of  public  education  in  the  State  was  finally 
heeded.  But  not  until  a  comprehensive  and  thorough  educa- 
tional campaign  had  been  planned  and  executed  were  the  citizens 
of  the  Commonwealth  awakened  to  the  urgent  need  of  state 
schools  for  the  preparation  of  teachers.  When  that  had  been 
done  the  Legislators,  influenced  by  an  enlightened  and  aggres- 
sive citizenry,  unanimously  acceded  to  the  teachers'   demands. 

The  Educational  Improvement  Commission 

In  1904  the  teachers  of  Kentucky,  after  sixty-five  years  of 
agitation,  took  a  definite  and  effective  step  toward  developing 
sufficient  sentiment  to  cause  the  General  Assembly  at  its  next 
session  to  establish  a  permanent  and  adequate  system  of  public 
normal  schools.  In  fact,  other  improvements  in  the  school  sys- 
tem of  the  Commonwealth  were  contemplated  when  the  Ken- 
tucky Educational  Association,  meeting  at  Maysville  in  June, 
created  a  committee  to  consider  the  organization  of  an  Improve- 
ment Commission  to  promote  a  better  educational  program  in 
the  State.  The  following  April  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction, James  H.  Fuqua,  called  a  conference  of  educators  and 
other  citizens  at  Frankfort  to  consider  similar  plans.  The  out- 
come of  this  meeting  was  a  committee  to  confer  with  the  one 
appointed  at  Maysville. 

These  committees  recommended  to  the  Kentucky  Educa- 
tional Association,  at  its  annual  meeting  at  Mammoth  Cave  in 


1  During-  Pickett's  administration  the  State  Teachers  Association  secured 
the  introduction  of  a  bill  in  the  Legislature  providing'  for  a  one-room  normal 
for  whites  and  a  one-room  normal  for  negroes  in  each  Congressional  district. 
The  joint  committee  to  which  the  measure  was  referred  would  have  recom- 
mended its  passage  if  Pickett  had  not  disapproved  the  movement.  Pickett 
recommended  state  schools  for  the  training  of  teachers  but  he  did  not  want 
such  inconsequential  institutions  as  this  bill  provided.  His  opposition  greatly 
displeased  the  committee  of  teachers  advocating-  the  bill.  See  Proceedings 
of   the   Kentucky    State    Teachers   Association.   December,    1SS4,   p.    34   et   seq. 

2  No  recommendation  for  state  normal  schools  appears  in  Hon.  H.  "V'. 
McChesney's   report,    1899-1903.     The   omission   was   surely   an   oversight. 

3  Barksdale  Hamlett's  History  of  Education  in  Kentucky  contains  every 
Superintendent's  recommendation  from  Bullock  (1838-39)  to  Fuciua  (1903- 
1907)  for  state  normal  schools.  Dr.  H.  L.  Donovan's  A  State's  Elementary 
Teacher-Training  Problem  (Kentucky) ,  Nashville,  1H25,  Chapter  II.  gives 
a  good  account  of  efforts  to  obtain  state  normal  schools  in  the  Common- 
wealth from   1838  to   1906. 


21 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


June,  the  organization  of  an  Educational  Improvement  Com- 
mission. The  primary  purpose  of  this  body  was  "to  conduct 
an  educational  campaign  in  order  to  create  public  sentiment  and 
stir  public  enthusiasm  in  favor  of  thoroughly  trained  and 
equipped  teachers,  for  the  Public  Schools  of  the  Commonwealth ; 
[in  favor  of]  a  system  of  State  Normal  Schools,  as  the  necessary 
measure  of  training  and  equipping  teachers  for  higher  profes- 
sional service ;    [in  favor  of]    better  school  houses  and  better 


SULLIVAN  HALL— WOMEN'S  DORMITORY 


equipment  for  them;  [and  in  favor  of]  longer  terms  aud  larger 
salaries  for  teachers.''4  The  joint  committee  also  recommended 
the  creation  of  a  "State  Central  Committee  of  citizens  and 
teachers"  to  be  composed  of  three  persons  from  each  of  the 
eleven  Congressional  districts  of  the  State.  The  purpose  of  this 
body  was  "to  cooperate  with  the  District  Educational  Associa- 
tions .  .  .,  with  the  County  Associations  and  Institutes,  with 
County  Superintendents,  and  with  other  Educational  bodies  and 
officials,  in  creating  popular  interest  in  Education,  in  Ken- 
tucky." 

The  Mammoth  Cave  Convention  created  an  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  five  to  act  for  three  years  as  an  advisory  council  to  the 


4  See    the    Southern    School  Journal    for    1905,    especially   the    September 
number. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  25 

officers  of  the  Educational  Commission.  This  committee  was 
authorized  to  define  the  policies,  to  outline  the  administration, 
to  control  the  finances,  and  to  nominate  the  officers  of  the  Com- 
mission. It  was  also  to  prepare  a  constitution  and  by-laws  for 
the  Commission,  to  be  ratified  by  the  Association  at  its  annual 
meeting  in  June,  1906. 

The  Executive  Committee  was  composed  of  Dr.  E.  E.  Hume, 
of  Frankfort,  Chairman;  Superintendent  E.  H.  Mark,  of  the 
Louisville  Schools;  Supt.  James  H.  Fuqua;  President  H.  H. 
Cherry,  of  the  Southern  Normal  School  at  Bowling  Green ;  and 
Superintendent  J.  A.  Sharon,  of  the  Paris  High  School.  These 
gentlemen  chose  Superintendent  M.  0.  "Winfrey,  of  Middles- 
boro,  President,  and  Hon.  E.  R.  Jones,  of  Frankfort,  Treasurer 
of  the  Commission.  "As  the  Executive  Committee  was  unwill- 
ing to  make  a  nomination  at  that  time  for  Secretary,  the  Ken- 
tucky Educational  Association  .  .  .  authorized"  the  election  of 
President  M.  0.  Winfrey  "to  act  as  Secretary,  which  he  did  for 
more  than  two  years. '  '5  The  State  Central  Committee  of  thirty- 
three,  with  perhaps  one  exception,  was  composed  of  two  promi- 
nent laymen  and  one  outstanding  schoolman  from  each  Congres- 
sional district.  "With  this  organization  the  Kentucky  Educa- 
tional Association  launched  perhaps  the  most  important  cam- 
paign for  the  improvement  of  education  that  has  ever  been  con- 
ducted in  the  State.  This  movement  increased  in  magnitude 
until,  under  the  able  direction  of  Superintendent  J.  G-.  Crabbe 
(1908-1909),  it  was  characterized  as  a  "whirlwind  educational 
campaign. ' ' 

The  immediate  program  of  the  Commission,  as  outlined  by 
the  Executive  Committee,  was  the  distribution  of  literature, 
"showing  the  condition  of  Kentucky  as  compared  with  other 
states  of  the  Union" ;  the  sending  of  "speakers  to  various  locali- 
ties to  arouse  the  people";  and  the  keeping  of  "a  strong  Legis- 
lative Committee  before  the  next  General  Assembly  to  fight  for 
State  Normal  Schools  and  other  measures  looking  to  the  educa- 
tional uplift  of  the  Commonwealth."  It  also  utilized  the  press 
to  great  advantage  in  promoting  its  program.  The  Committee 
deemed  it  necessary  at  the  outset  to  make  it  plain  as  to  why  the 


6  J.  G.  Crabbe,  Biennial  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, 1909,  p.   336. 


26  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Commission  was  formed.   An  article  in  the  Glasgow  Times  was 

given  as  "very  nearly"  expressing  its  sentiments.     It  stated  in 

part : 

We  find  that  Kentucky  is  one  of  the  two  states  of  the  Union 
that  does  not  maintain  a  system  of  State  Normal  Schools  .  .  .  ;8 
that  there  are  only  three  states  in  the  Union  that  show  a  greater 
percentage  of  ignorance  among  their  white  population;  that  less 
than  one-half  of  our  pupil  children  are  attending  any  school 
whatever;  that  there  is  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  total  school 
fund  of  the  State  raised  by  local  taxation;  that  our  State  is  not 
keeping  pace  with  the  other  States  of  the  South  in  the  great 
educational  wave  that  is  sweeping  the  country;  .  .  .  and  that  public 
sentiment  on  educational  matters  is  at  a  very  low  ebb  and  needs 
arousing. 

The  objectives  of  the  Mammoth  Cave  Convention  were  high- 
ly commendable.  Apparently  they  included  every  immediate 
and  remote  need  in  the  field  of  popular  education.  Not  only 
were  adequate  teacher-training  institutions,  supported  by  the 
State,  determined  upon  as  an  immediate  goal,  but  the  develop- 
ment of  a  highly  professionalized  and  well-paid  body  of  teach- 
ers, unhampered  by  "partisan  politics,  sectionalism,  and  per- 
sonalities," was  also  contemplated.  Further,  a  more  efficient 
administrative  system,  devoid  of  nepotism  and  the  menacing  and 
pernicious  evils  attending  the  existing  trustee  system  of  rural 
teacher  appointment,  was  an  ultimate  objective. 

The  magnitude  of  the  task  which  the  educational  forces  of 
the  State  had  undertaken  in  1905  required  considerable  funds. 
Voluntary  subscriptions  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars  were 
raised  at  the  Mammoth  Cave  Convention.  Soon  thereafter 
county  teachers  associations  made  contributions.  A  total  of 
$1,058.00  came  from  the  nine  counties  of  Warren,  Barren,  Mon- 
roe, Mercer,  Elliott,  Rowen,  Owen.  Pike,  and  Washington.7 
During  a  tri-county  institute  at  Frankfort.  $350.00  was  raised, 
each  of  the  thirty  teachers  of  Woodford  County  giving  three 
dollars  and  their  .superintendent  twenty,  from  their  meager 
salaries.8  In  this  heroic  manner  the  teachers  of  Kentucky  mani- 
fested their  earnestness  in  the  cause,  and  a  fairly  large  sum  was 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  commission. 

The  work  done  by  the  educational  forces  of  the  State  from 
June,  1005,  until  January,   1906,  was  considerable.     The  press 


6  Arkansas  was  the  other. 

''Southern   School  Journal,  August,   1905,   p.   16. 

8  Ibid,  p.  25. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  27 

was  utilized  and  nearly  two-hundred  newspapers  devoted  space 
to  the  program,  some  setting  ' '  apart  a  column  or  two  for  school 
news  exclusively".  Laymen  spoke  and  wrote  and  teachers 
worked  unceasingly.  The  Southern  School  Journal,  published 
at  Lexington  by  Rice  S.  Eubank  and  Thos.  W.  Vinson  and  edited 
by  J.  C.  Willis,  continued  to  utilize  every  means  possible  to 
increase  sentiment  favorable  to  the  Commission's  objectives.9 
The  service  rendered  by  this  "Official  Organ  of  the  Kentucky 
State  Board  of  Education"  can  hardly  be  overestimated.  For 
months  before  the  Mammoth  Cave  Convention  its  pages  had 
given  pictures  and  articles  about  public  normal  schools  in  other 
States.  This  glowing  information,  from  Illinois  and  Indiana 
especially,  aroused  much  interest  in  the  subject.  More  than  half 
of  the  Journal's  pages  in  the  December  (1905)  issue  were 
devoted  to  the  need  of  state  normal  schools  in  Kentucky. 
Articles  by  educators  in  other  states  were  certainly  helpful  to 
the  cause,  but  it  was  the  efforts  of  Kentuckians  that  accelerated 
the  movement  and  crystalized  public  sentiment  to  the  point 
where  victory  was  certain.  Two  laymen  deserve  special  men- 
tion— Judge  AV.  M.  Beckner,  of  Winchester,  and  Judge  M.  C. 
Saufley,  of  Stanford.  Their  scholarly  articles  in  the  Southern 
School  Journal  surely  had  great  influence  upon  those  whose  sup- 
port was  uncertain.  Judge  Beckner,  who  had  helped  make  the 
State 's  last  constitution,  wrote  : 

If  it  be  conceded  that  properly  prepared  teachers  are  neces- 
sary to  the  proper  organization  of  a  school  system  in  Kentucky, 
the  question  of  normal  schools  is  no  longer  one  of  policy.  The 
legislature  has  no  discretion  in  the  matter.  Our  new  constitution 
declares  that  the  'General  Assembly  shall  by  appropriate  legisla- 
tion, provide  for  an  efficient  system  of  Common  Schools  through- 
out the  state.'  Can  the  system  be  'efficient'  when  its  chief  corner- 
stone has  been  left  out?  We  are  living  under  the  fourth  constitu- 
tion, adopted  since  the  state  was  admitted,  and  this  is  the  first 
in  which  such  a  requirement  can  be  found.  It  means  something. 
and  our  legislators  should  feel  it  oppress  their  consciences  until 
they  have  obeyed  their  oaths  of  office  to  do  what  the  Constitution 
so  clearly  demands. 

There  were  many  other  good  points  in  Judge  Beckner 's 
article,  but  undoubtedly  his  interpretation  of  Section  183  of  the 
constitution  to  mean  that  the  General  Assemblv  was  under  obli- 


°The  writer  is  indebted  to  the  late  Miss  Wattie  Dalton  for  the  gift  of 
Volumes  XVI-XVIII  of  the  Southern  School  Journal  (1905-1908),  which 
have  been  very  useful  in  preparing  this  account.  The  volumes  are  now  in 
Pastern's  library. 


28  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

gations  to  establish  normal  schools  to  "provide  for  an  efficient 
system  of  Common  Schools  throughout  the  state"  was  the  most 
important.  And,  coming  from  such  source,  this  opinion  had  a 
telling  effect  on  the  members  of  the  coming  Legislature,  for 
Superintendent  Fuqua  quoted  the  whole  of  Beckner's  article  in 
hjs  report  to  the  body. 

Judge  Saufley  also  discussed  the  constitutional  phase  of  the 
question.  He  stated  that  the  constitution  of  1850  was  not  man- 
datory in  requiring  an  efficient  public  school  system.  It  merely 
provided  that  "the  'Common  School  Fund'  shall  be  held  invio- 
late 'for  the  purpose  of  sustaining  a  system  of  common 
schools.'  "  The  organic  law  of  1850,  he  stated,  did  "not  declare 
what  sort  of  a  system  of  schools  shall  be  provided,  whether  good, 
better,  or  best ;  whether  it  shall  be  efficient  or  less  than  efficient." 
The  Judge  declared  that  this  omission  had  been  supplied  in  Sec- 
tion 183  of  the  existing  constitution.  Then  after  further  dis- 
cussion he  stated:  "It  would  seem  like  a  waste  of  words  to 
remind  the  Legislature  that  lawyers,  doctors,  pharmacists,  mine 
superintendents,  and  other  classes  of  professional  men  must  be 
specially  educated  for  their  work  before  practicing  for  the 
public.  Why  should  not  a  school  teacher?"  he  asked.  Judge 
Saufley 's  scholarly  article  was  indeed  a  logical  argument  for  a 
state  system  of  teacher-training  schools. 

Space  forbids  any  further  consideration  of  the  many  other 
able  papers  on  the  subject  of  normal  schools  that  appeared  in 
the  Journal  in  1905.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  every  phase  of  the 
subject  was  well  considered.  Mention,  however,  should  be  made 
of  a  few  of  these  articles  and  their  authors.  "Some  Educational 
Needs",  by  Supt.  D.  S.  Clinger,  Maysville ;  "Normal  Schools", 
by  President  Livingston  G.  Lord,  Eastern  Illinois  State  Normal 
School;  "Kentucky  and  School  Legislation",  by  Supt.  J.  A. 
Sharon,  Paris;  "Our  Present  Demands",  by  Supt,  Win.  F. 
Ramey,  Carlisle;  and  "Educational  Needs",  by  Supt.  E.  H. 
Mark,  Louisville,  stressed  the  need  of  state  supported  schools 
for  the  training  of  teachers.10 

Late  in  1905  the  Educational  Improvement  Commission 
formulated  a  petition  to  be  presented  to  the  General  Assembly 


10  Southern  School  Journal,  December,  1905. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


29 


when  it  met  in  January.  About  eight  th.ousand  copies  of  it 
were  mailed  to  as  many  educators  and  other  citizens,  who  were 
instructed  to  secure  signatures  and  return  the  papers  as  soon  as 
possible.     In  this  manner  the  Legislature  was  memorialized  to 


'\ 


MEMORIAL  HALL,   MEN'S   DORMITORY 


enact  a  law  "to  provide  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  an  efficient  system  of  State  Normal  Schools  .  .  .,  for  the  specific 
purpose,"  the  petition  ran,  "of  giving  such  training  to  the 
common  school  teachers  of  Kentucky  as  will  enable  them  to  make 
those  schools  efficient;  thus  giving  to  the  children  of  the  'Great 
Common  People '  educational  advantages  in  keeping  with  that  of 


30  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

the  other  States  of  the  South  and  West,  and  at  the  same  time 
enhancing  the  peace,  dignity,  and  prosperity  of  this  Common- 
wealth".11 

The  Law  Establishing  Normal  Schools 

The  General  Assembly  which  convened  at  Frankfort  in  Jan- 
uary, 1906,  will  always  be  eulogized  by  historians  of  educa- 
tion in  Kentucky.  Perhaps  no  other  body  of  legislators  in  the 
State  ever  responded  more  heartily  to  the  electorate's  demand 
for  improvement  in  the  public  school  system.  The  educational 
forces,  of  course,  were  represented  at  the  Capital  to  influence 
action  on  their  program,  and  Superintendent  Fuqua  voiced  their 
sentiment  by  including  Judge  Beckner's  able  article,  already 
mentioned,  in  his  biennial  report  to  the  Legislature,  "as  a  clear 
and  concise  statement  of  the  situation  and  of  the  State's  needs 
for  normal  schools."12 

Governor  J.  C.  W.  Beckham,  however,  approached  the  sub- 
ject rather  cautiously.  In  his  message  to  the  General  Assembly, 
he  said:  "The  question  of  establishing  normal  schools  will  be 
seriously  pressed  upon  your  attention,  but  to  do  so  the  money 
would  have  to  come  out  of  the  school  fund,  for  there  are  no  other 
means  now  available  for  such  a  purpose.  If  they  can  be  estab- 
lished without  seriously  trespassing  upon  the  school  fund,  then 
I  believe  it  would  be  a  good  idea  to  do  so."  And  on  the  subject 
of  education  in  general  he  advised:  "...  this  General  As- 
sembly should  consider,  not  the  appropriation  of  more  money, 
but  such  improvement  in  the  school  system  as  will  bring  forth 
more  valuable  results  from  the  large  amount  already  spent  for 
such  purposes."13 

On  January  9,  Hon.  Richard  W.  Miller,  Representative  from 
Madison  County,  introduced  a  bill  which  the  schoolmen  had 
formulated.  It  provided  for  three  normal  schools,  each  to 
receive  $50,000.00  for  grounds,  buildings,  and  equipment,  and 
$25,000.00  for  salaries  and  other  expenses.  The  measure  divided 
the  State  into  three  districts,  naming  the  counties  in  each  and 
allowing  the  board  of  regents  of  each  to  determine  the  location 


"  Ibid. 

12  Supt.  James  H.  Fuqua's  Report,  Dec.   30,  1905,  pp.   33—36. 

13  See   House  Journal  for   19U(i,   p.    lilt  ;   also   Southern    School  Journal,  Jan. 
J906,  p.   39, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  31 

of  their  school.  Other  provisions  granted  six  students  from  each 
county  free  tuition  and  specified  that  model  and  practice  schools 
should  consist  of  at  least  the  first  five  grades,  to  each  of  which 
not  more  than  thirty  pupils  could  be  admitted  at  one  time.14 

As  soon  as  Miller 's  measure  was  referred  to  the  proper  com- 
mittee, objections  to  its  passage  began  to  be  made.  A  recent 
decision  of  the  Appellate  Court  had  reduced  the  State's  sources 
of  revenue,  and  furthermore,  $250,000.00  additional  funds  ap- 
peared necessary  to  complete  the  new  Capitol  then  under  con- 
struction. The  normal  school  bill,  therefore,  would  necessitate 
more  funds  than  the  General  Assembly  ought  to  provide  at  that 
time.15  Moreover,  a  measure  allowing  $50,000.00  for  the  normal 
department  of  the  State  College  (now  the  University  of  Ken- 
tucky) was  before  the  Legislature.  So  conditions  appeared  to 
require  the  preparation  of  a  substitute  bill  for  normal  schools. 
Even  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Educational  Improvement 
Commission  receded  from  its  demand  for  three  schools  and 
decided  to  ask  "for  only  one  state  normal  school  at  this  time."10 

Since  it  appeared  that  the  General  Assembly  could  hardly 
afford  to  make  sufficient  appropriations  for  three  (or  even  two) 
normals,  sentiment  for  only  one  developed  rapidly.  Soon  a  bill 
embodying  this  opinion  began  to  take  form.;  and  it  appeared  that 
the  school  would  be  located  at  Bowling  Green,  for  that  city 
offered  the  State  the  plant  of  the  Southern  Normal  School 
operated  there  by  Messrs.  II.  H.  and  T.  C.  Cherry.  Naturally 
it  was  apparent  that  a  state  school  would  be  so  valuable  an  asset 
to  any  community  that  the  Legislature  should  expect  cities  to 
bid  for  its  location.  Thus  only  a  small  appropriation  would  be 
necessary  in  1906  to  establish  a  normal  school. 

Bowling  Green,  however,  had  a  worthy  rival  for  the  State's 
favor.  Richmond  had  expected,  before  the  Legislature  con- 
vened, to  get  one  of  the  schools  contemplated.  Soon  after  the 
Civil  War  the  Southern  Presbyterians  had  established  in  this 
city  an  institution  called  Central  University.  Much  against  the 
wishes  of  the  people  of  Richmond  this  school  had  been  united 
with  Centre  College  at  Danville  in  1901.     The  plant  of  Central 


14  House  Journal,  1906,  p.   1164. 

15  Lexington  Herald,  Feb.  8,  1906,  an  article:     "Why  Richmond's  Proposi- 
tion for  a  Normal  School   Should  be  Accepted." 

19  Southern  School  Journal,  Feb.,   1906. 


32  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

University,  therefore,  was  available  for  a  normal,  and  it  was 
indeed  significant  that  a  graduate  of  this  defunct  institution 
introduced  the  bill  to  establish  three  such  schools  in  the  State 
The  fact  that  Central  University  was  a  precursor  to  the  State 
Teachers  College  in  Richmond  has  caused  an  account  of  it  to  be 
given  in  the  last  chapter  of  this  book. 

Mr.  Miller  soon  became  anxious  over  the  fate  of  his  measure 
and  especially  the  probability  of  the  establishment  of  only  one 
normal  and  its  location  at  Bowling  Green.  His  fears  were 
shared  by  others  in  Madison  County,  and  Hon.  Jere  A.  Sullivan 
and  Hon.  W.  Rodes  Shackelford,  of  Richmond,  soon  arrived  in 
Frankfort  to  aid  him.  Henceforth,  this  triumvirate  of  old  Cen- 
tral University  graduates  and  other  prominent  citizens  of  Rich- 
mond, many  of  whom  were  also  graduates  of  Central  University, 
played  a  conspicuous  role  in  the  movement  to  establish  teacher- 
training  schools  in  the  Commonwealth.  And  it  should  be  borne 
in  mind  that  these  men  were  determined  to  have  the  normal,  if 
there  was  to  be  only  one,  located  in  Richmond. 

Mr.  Miller  invited  Mr.  Sullivan  to  revise  his  bill.  Sullivan, 
however,  soon  pronounced  it  as  not  worth  amending  and  began 
to  prepare  another  measure.  Feeling  the  need  of  a  competent 
schoolman's  aid,  he  invited  President  H.  H.  Cherry,  of  BoAvling 
Green,  to  assist  him.  While  Mr.  Sullivan  was  working  on  his 
substitute  bill,  Mr.  Shackelford  was  lobbying  among  members  of 
both  Houses  to  get  Richmond  chosen  as  the  site  of  the  school. 
At  that  time  only  one  was  contemplated  and  its  location  was 
likely  to  be  determined  by  the  General  Assembly. 

It  appears  that  the  political  set-up  at  Frankfort  was  more 
favorable  toward  Bowling  Green  than  toward  Richmond.  Mr. 
Shackelford  soon  recognized  this  and  recommended  "a  compro- 
mise by  having  two  normals,  one  at  Richmond  and  one  at  Bowl- 
ing Green."  It  so  happened  that  the  late  Dr.  R.  N.  McCormack, 
Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  and  a  resident  of  Bowl- 
ing Green,  had  attracted  Mr.  Sullivan's  attention  by  his  earnest 
advocacy  of  Bowling  Green  as  a  location  for  the  one  normal 
school  then  under  consideration.  After  Mr.  Shackelford's  sug- 
gestion Mr.  Sullivan  invited  Dr.  McCormack  to  his  room  in  the 
old  Capital  Hotel  and  proposed  to  him  that  the  substitute  bill 


Easteen  Kentucky  State  Teachees  College  33 

provide  for  two  normals.  Dr.  McCorniaek  agreed  to  the  proposi- 
tion and  the  two  men  made  "an  offensive  and  defensive  alliance 
as  to  two  normals  ...  to  last  through  that  legislature  and  all  fu- 
ture time."  The  important  part  of  the  agreement,  of  course,  was 
that  one  of  the  schools  would  he  located  at  Bowling  Green  and 
the  other  at  Richmond.  Mr.  Sullivan's  substitute  bill,  therefore, 
named  each  of  these  cities  "as  the  location  of  one  of  the  two 
normal  schools  to  be  established."17 

At  this  point  Judge  Anthony  R.  Burnam,  of  Richmond, 
and  Judge  Louis  McQuown,  of  Bowling  Green,  were  invited  to 
Mr.  Sullivan's  room  to  pass  upon  the  constitutionality  of  the 
measure.  President  Cherry  was  also  present.  Upon  being  as- 
sured that  the  bill  was  satisfactory,  Mr.  Sullivan  determined  to 
get  Governor  Beckham's  approval  before  submitting  it  to  the 
Legislature.  Owing  to  certain  political  rivalries  between  the 
Governor  and  Hon.  James  B.  McCreary,  of  Richmond,  Mr.  Sul- 
livan deemed  it  prudent  to  get  a  mutual  friend  to  interview 
Governor  Beckham.  Thereupon  he  wired  Judge  John  M.  Lass- 
ing,  of  Covington,  another  graduate  of  Central  University,  to 
come  to  Frankfort.  Judge  Lassing  adjourned  his  court,  came  to 
the  Capital,  and  secured  the  Governor's  approval  of  the  bill. 
Beckham  told  Lassing,  however,  that  he  desired  an  interview 
with  Miller  and  Sullivan  in  order  to  recommend  a  slight  altera- 
tion in  the  measure.  In  a  day  or  two  these  gentlemen  visited 
the  Governor,  who  assured  them  that  he  approved  the  bill,  and 
stated  that  he  "would  be  glad  to  see  a  normal  school  located  on 
the  old  Central  University  grounds  .  .  .  where  he  had  attended 
college  ..."  He  also  approved  the  location  of  the  other  normal 
at  Bowling  Green,  but  he  believed  that  the  two  cities  should  not 
be  named  in  the  measure,  for  the  inclusion  would  eliminate  the 
consideration  of  other  places  and  thereby  arouse  such  opposition 
th,at  the  bill  would  probably  be  defeated.  The  Governor  advised 
a  commission  to  be  appointed  by  him  to  locate  the  two  schools. 
This  was  a  new  idea  to  Miller  and  Sullivan,  who  retired  to  con- 
sider the  matter.  Miller  was  more  fearful  than  Sullivan  that  a 
commission  would  not  favor  Richmond.  When  the  men  resumed 
the  interview  the  Governor  assured  them  that  they  might  ap- 


17  Article  by  Hon.  J.  A.   Sullivan,  Richmond  Panlagrapli,  July  16,   1926. 
E.  S.  T.  C— 2 


34  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

prove   the   members   of   the    commission   before   their    appoint- 
ment.18 

The  change  in  the  new  bill  recommended  by  Governor  Beck- 
ham was  made,  and  on  February  9,  Henry  C.  Miller,  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Education  No.  1,  reported  to  the  House  the 
earlier  measure  known  as  "House  Bill  112",  with  the  new  bill 
as  "an  amendment  thereto  by  way  of  a  substitute  therefor." 


mmtmm^^t^. 


SULLIVAN  HALL  AND  BURNAM  HALL,  WOMEN'S  DORMITORIES 

Named   in  honor  of  Jere  A.    Sullivan  and  A.    R.    Burnam ,    who  were   in- 
fluential  in   the   establishment   of    the   college   in   Richmond. 

On  February  11,  the  first  bill  with  its  substitute  was  recom- 
mitted "to  the  Committee  on  Appropriations,  with  leave  to 
report  at  any  time  .  .  ."  On  March  2  this  committee  reported 
and  the  eighty-three  members  of  the  House  present  voted  unani- 
mously for  the  measure.1"  The  bill  was  taken  immediately  to 
the  Senate,  where  on  March  8  the  proper  committee  reported  it 
without  amendment.  "By  unanimous  consenl  the  rules  were 
Suspended  and  the  Senate  took  up"  the  measure  for  considera- 
tion. Two  attempts  to  amend  were  defeated.  The  significance  of 
a    part   of  one  of  the   proposed   amendments  deserves  mention, 

'"Ibid. 

1S  House  Journal,  l'.lOG,  pp.   92,   51G,   585,   1173,   11S3. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  35 

since  it  would  have  restricted  the  schools  to  only  "those  subjects 
and  courses  of  study  which  prepare  students  for  teaching  in  the 
public  schools."  The  motive  for  this  attempt  to  amend  was 
evidently  a  desire  to  restrict  the  schools  to  the  preparation  of 
teachers.  The  amendment  was  advocated  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Association  of  Kentucky  Colleges,  which  on  Feb- 
ruary 21  had  appointed  a  committee  "to  visit  Frankfort  to 
induce  the  Legislature  to  amend  the  law  then  pending  ...  so  as 
to  limit  the  power  of  said  schools  in  the  direction  of  granting 
literary  degrees."20  Finally,  however,  the  bill  was  ordered  to 
be  read  the  third  time,  and  the  "third  reading  being  dispensed 
with,  the  vote  was  taken".  There  were  present  thirty-four 
Senators,  all  of  whom  voted  for  the  measure.21  On  March  21, 
it  received  Governor  Beckham's  signature  and  became  a   law. 

The  salient  features  of  the  law  were : 

(1)  The  establishment  of  two  institutions  to  be  known  as 
"The  'Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School',  to  be  located  in 
Normal  School  district  No.  1,  and  the  'Western  Kentucky  Nor- 
mal School',  to  be  located  in  Normal  School  district  No.  2,  the 
boundaries  of  which"  were  fixed  by  a  commission  appointed  by 
the  Governor. 

(2)  The  object  of  the  schools  was  stated  to  be  the  fulfill- 
ment "of  section  one-hundred  and  eighty-three  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  Kentucky,  by  giving  to  the  teachers  of  the  Common- 
wealth such  training  ...  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the 
Normal  Executive  Council,  hereinafter  created  ..." 

(3)  There  were  to  be  a  Board  of  Regents  for  each  of  the 
schools,  consisting  of  five  members,  four  of  whom  were  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  and  the  fifth  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  who  should  be  chairman  of  each  board. 

(4)  "In  order  to  enable  the  Boards  of  Regents  to  carry 
out  the  provision"  of  the  law  $10,000.00  was  appointed  "to  be 
divided  equally  between  the  two  Normal  Schools  .  .  .  for  the  pur- 
pose of  equipping  suitable  buildings,  improving  grounds,  etc., 


20  See  a  long-  article  on  "The  College  and  the  State  Normal  School",  by 
President  Arthur  Yeager,  of  Georgetown  College,  in  the  Southern  Scliool 
Journal,  June,   1906. 

21  Senate  Journal,  1906,  pp.  996,  1121.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Hon. 
J.  W.  Cammack,  one  of  Eastern's  regents  since  1906,  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  in  1906. 


36  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

and  the  sum  of  forty  thousand  dollars  ($40,000.00)  annually,  to 
be  divided  equally  between  the  two  schools  for  the  purpose  of 
defraying  the  salaries  of  teachers  and  other  current  ex- 
penses ..." 

(5)  Each  county  in  a  district  was  entitled  to  a  free  scholar- 
ship for  "one  white  pupil  for  every  five  hundred  and  fraction 
thereof  over  two  hundred  and  fifty,  of  white  children"  in  the 
county.  Pupils  refusing  to  sign  an  agreement  to  teach  in  the 
public  schools  of  the  State  not  fewer  than  two  years  upon  an 
elementary  certificate  or  three  years  upon  an  advanced  certifi- 
cate must  pay  the  fees  and  tuition  prescribed  by  the  Board  of 
Regents.22 

The  Question  of  Location 

As  has  already  been  stated,  certain  citizens  of  Richmond 
determined  earl}"  to  get  a  normal  for  their  fair  city,  whether 
three,  one  or  two  were  established.  Even  before  the  General 
Assembly  met,  the  gift  of  the  plant  of  old  Central  University 
to  the  Commonwealth  as  an  inducement  to  secure  the  location  of 
the  school  was  considered.  In  August  or  September  (1905)  the 
young  county  superintendent  of  schools  of  Madison  County, 
Hon.  John  Noland,  a  graduate  of  Central  University  and  at 
present  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  Eastern,  suggested 
to  Superintendent  Fuqua,  the  possibility  of  securing  this  prop- 
erty without  any  cost  to  the  State.23  The  plant  belonged  to 
Walters  College  Institute,  which  operated  an  academy  there. 

Soon  after  the  normal  school  situation  arose  the  Richmond 
Commercial  Club  became  very  active.  This  organization  imme- 
diately undertook  the  task  of  influencing  the  Institute  to  offer 
its  property  to  the  State  without  cost  on  condition  that  a  teacher- 
training  school  be  located  in  Richmond.  The  Club  also  directed 
the  city's  efforts  to  influence  the  Legislature,  and  later  the  Com- 
mission, to  accept  this  proposition.  The  very  worthy  service 
rendered  by  the  Commercial  Club  justifies  the  mention  of  its 
officers.  They  were  B.  L.  Banks,  President;  Clarence  E.  AVoods, 
Secretary;  and  Roberl  R.  Burnam  (a  graduate  of  Central  Uni- 


22  This  agreement  to  teach  is  no  longer  required  ami  free  tuition  has 
always  been  allowed.  The  district  feature  of  the  law  was  respected  until 
1922,  when  two  other  teachers  colleges  were  established. 

28 Mr.  Noland  ami  the  late  Judge  W.  Rodes  Shackelford  read  this  chapter 
before  its  publication. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  37 

versity),  Harry  B.  Hanger,  and  G.  W.  Piekels,  First,  Second  and 
Third  Vice  Presidents  respectively.  Mr.  "Woods  was  also  Mayor 
of  Richmond  and  had  been  a  student  at  Central  University.  On 
the  evening  of  the  very  day  (January  9)  Miller  introduced  his 
normal  school  bill  in  the  House  the  Secretary  of  the  Commercial 
Club  recorded  in  his  minutes :  ' '  The  Normal  School  question 
was  discussed  and  it  was  explained  that  with  our  excellent  rep- 
resentation in  the  present  Legislature  ...  we  should  be  able  to 
make  a  fine  fight  for  the  location  of  one  of  the  branch  schools. '  '24 

Again  on  January  25  the  Club  called  a  mass  meeting  of  the 
citizens  of  Richmond  in  the  Courthouse  "for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  arousing  public  interest  ...  to  secure  the  location  of  .  .  . 
the  State  Normal  School  to  be  established  by  the  present  Legis- 
lature." The  handbill  announcing  the  meeting  stated:  "Rich- 
mond has  more  to  offer  than  any  of  her  rivals,  but  it  is  absolute- 
ly necessary  that  our  advantages.be  properly  placed  before  the 
Legislature  .  .  .  "25  The  Richmond  Kentucky  Register,  edited 
by  Thos.  H.  Piekels,  another  graduate  of  Central  University,  in 
reporting  this  meeting  the  next  day  announced  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  to  go  to  Frankfort  "to  sound  the  temper  of  the 
Legislature  and  to  boom  the  location  for  this  city."  At  that 
time  onky  one  school  was  expected  to  be  established,  and  the 
Register  further  stated:  "...  Richmond's  chance  is  to  have 
the  name  of  this  city  inserted  in  the  bill." 

The  committee  named  for  this  purpose  comprised  "Judge 
A.  R.  Burnam,  Hon.  J.  A.  Sullivan,  R.  R.  Burnam,  "W.  R. 
Shackelford,  W.  B.  Smith,  C.  E.  "Woods,  J.  Tevis  Codd,  John  D. 
Goodloe,  John  B.  Chenault,  C.  C.  Wallace,  G.  W.  Gates,  Dr.  C. 
H.  Vaught,  Judge  C.  H.  Breck,  Rev.  Hugh  McClellan,  C.  L. 
Searcy,  Prof.  Jno.  Noland,  John  R.  Gibson,  John  C.  Chenault, 
N.  B.  Deatherage,  E.  Tutt  Burnam,  Grant  E.  Lilly,  R.  E.  Tur- 
ley,  and  T.  J.  Smith."20  At  least  eight  of  these  men  had  at- 
tended Central  University. 

To  this  committee  and  to  Hon.  R.  W".  Miller  and  Hon.  Curtis 
F.  Burnam,  who  were  members  of  the  House  and  the  Senate 


M  Ms.   in  the  writer's  possession. 

25  Handbill   is   in   the   writer's   possession. 

28  Clipping-,  Richmond  Kentucky  Register,  Jan.  26,  1906. 


38  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

respectively,  Richmond  will  be  forever  obligated  for  securing 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College.  President  B.  L. 
Banks,  of  the  Commercial  Club,  Mr.  C.  L.  Searcy,  Col.  J.  W. 
Caperton,  and  Judge  J.  M.  Benton,  a  native  of  Madison  County 
but  a  citizen  of  Winchester,  should  also  be  included  in  the  list. 
And  of  course,  there  were  others  who  contributed  to  the  cause. 
The  committee  appointed  by  the  Commercial  Club  were 
active  until  their  objectives  Avere  achieved.  The  work  of  some 
of  the  members  has  already  been  noted.  The  services  rendered 
by  Rev.  Hugh  McLellan27  and  Clarence  E.  "Woods  deserve 
special  mention.  Rev.  McLellan  was  active  at  the  outset  in 
enlisting  the  Commercial  Club  in  the  cause.  AVith  Mr.  Sullivan 
he  addressed  a  teachers'  meeting  at  Frankfort  in  behalf  of  Rich- 
mond's offer  to  secure  the  school.  He  also  appeared  with  Mr. 
Sullivan  before  the  joint  educational  committee  of  the  House 
and  Senate  for  the  same  purpose.  This,  of  course,  was  before 
the  substitute  bill  was  introduced.  Suffice  it  to  say  further  that 
Rev.  McLellan  was  a  tower  of  strength  in  the  cause  until  the 
goal  was  attained. 

As  Mayor  of  Richmond,  Mr.  Woods  was  naturally  a  leader 
in  the  movement  to  secure  a  normal  for  his  city.28  His  activity 
as  secretary  of  the  Commercial  Club  was  useful  to  the  movement. 

At  the  most  opportune  time  he  appeared  in  Frankfort  with 
scores  of  pictures  of  everything  of  interest  in  Richmond  which 
might  influence  members  of  the  Legislature  to  vote  to  locate  the 
normal  school  in  Richmond.  All  this  material  was  placed  on  an 
entire  side  wall  of  the  famous  old  Capital  Hotel  under  the  cap- 
tion: "What  Richmond  Offers  Free  of  Cost  to  the  State  for  a 
Normal  School."  This  display  contained  a  pamphlet  the  cover 
page  of  which  announced  : 

What  Richmond  Offers 

A  ready-made  Normal  School  Plant. 

A  Main  College  Building  Seating  S00;   worth  $60,000. 

A  Dormitory,  35  rooms;    worth   $30,000. 

A  Gymnasium  Worth  $5,000;  fully  equipped. 


2TRev.   McLellan  was  the  pastor  of  the  First   Christian  Church  of  Rich- 
mond.   He   is  now   i>:islor  of   the   First    Christian   Church   of  Winchester. 

m  Tlio  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr.  Woods  tor  considerable  contemporaneous 

material   and    other    matter    pertaining    to    the    founding    of    Eastern    and    its 
location  in  Richmond. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  39 

An  Athletic  Field,  A  Grand  Stand. 

A  City  with  a  College  and  School  Spirit. 

A  Railroad  Center — The  most  accessible  point  to  the  majority 
of  Kentucky  Teachers. 

All  this  we  offer  Free,  constituting  the  most  liberal  and 
economical  proposition  ever  made  to  the  taxpayers  of  Kentucky. 

The  pamphlet  gave  information  concerning  Madison  Coun- 
ty, the  city  of  Richmond,  the  grounds  and  buildings  of  Central 
University,  special  description  being  made  of  the  main  college 
building,  the  dormitory,  the  gymnasium,  the  athletic  field  and 
the  campus.  The  last  three  paragraphs  setting  forth  Rich- 
mond 's  offer  stated : 

The  property  above  described,  is  well  worth  the  sum  of 
$150,000  and  could  not,  considering  building,  walks,  drives,  shade 
trees,  etc.,  be  reproduced  for  that  sum  after  years  of  labors,  and 
the  Trustees  of  Walters  Collegiate  Institute  offer  it  to  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Kentucky,  to  be  used  as  a  Normal  School,  if  the 
General  Assembly  of  Kentucky  will  locate  such  a  school  at  Rich- 
mond. 

This  property  is  ready  for  immediate  occupancy,  and  if  the 
State  desires  it,  we  cheerfully  invite  it  to  take  possession  of  it 
and  use  it  as  a  Normal  School  forever,  without  charge  or  price, 
provided  only  that  a  first-class  school  be  maintained  thereon. 

In  conclusion  we  will  say  that  if  any  other  community  in 
Kentucky  will  present,  all  things  considered,  a  better  or  more 
generous  offer  for  the  location  and  maintenance  of  a  Normal 
School,  than  the  one  above  set  forth,  Richmond  will  congratulate 
her  successful  competitor  as  well  as  the  taxpayers  of  the  Com- 
monwealth.28 

"The  completeness  of  the  display,  its  eloquent  appeal,  and 
the  total  absence  of  any  such  spectacular  display  from  Bowling 
Green, ' '  the  other  strong  contestant  for  the  one  school  then  con- 
templated, "spoke  vastly  more  powerfully  than  all  .  .  .  the  hand- 
bills distributed  by"  Richmond's  rival.30  Naturally  the  Madi- 
son County  delegation  was  highly  pleased  with  the  interest  occa- 
sioned by  their  effort  and  returned  home  more  confident  than 
ever  that  victory  would  ultimately  be  theirs. 

Richmond  Chosen 

It  should  be  noted  in  passing  that  Richmond  was  recognized 
at  the  outset  as  a  probable  site  for  one  of  the  normal  schools. 


29  Pamplet  in  the  writer's  possession. 

30  Letter  by  Clarence  Woods  to  the  writer,  August   31,   1935. 

It  appears  that  the  Bowling-  Green  representatives  hoped  to  sell  their 
schoopl  plant  to  the  State  and  that  Richmond's  offer  somewhat  embarrassed 
them  and  put  an  end  to  that  movement. 


40  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

The  Southern  School  Journal  for  January,  1906,  mentioned  some 
half  dozen  towns  in  each  of  the  three  districts  contemplated  that 
were  expected  to  bid  for  a  school  and  then  said :  "  Of  all  these 
places  .  .  .  Bowling  Green,  Louisville,  and  Richmond  are  best 
situated  and  best  adapted  for  such  institutions  ..."  Again, 
the  March  issue  of  the  Journal,  which  went  to  press  before  the 
substitute  bill  was  passed,  stated :  "If  the  bill  becomes  a  law, 
it  is  quite  likely  that  Bowling  Green  will  get  one  of  the  schools 
and  Richmond  the  other."  Certainly  those  who  were  familiar 
with  the  sundry  aspects  of  the  movement  to  establish  the  schools 
appreciated  the  value  of  Richmond's  offer,  the  potency  of  that 
city's  leadership  in  the  General  Assembly  and  the  tremendous 
activity  and  resourcefulness  of  others  from  Madison  County  who 
were  enlisted  in  the  cause.  And  all  along  the  effectiveness  of 
the  efforts  of  the  sons  of  old  Central  University  was  clearly 
evident  on  every  hand.  These  able  gentlemen  were  determined 
to  obtain  a  higher  institution  of  learning  to  take  the  place  of 
their  alma  mater  whose  loss  they  had  not  yet  ceased  to  mourn. 
With  one  of  their  number  the  author  of  the  bill  to  establish  the 
schools ;  with  another  advocating  the  measure  as  a  member  of  the 
lower  House ;  with  a  native  citizen  of  Richmond  and  friend  of 
the  University  in  the  Senate ;  with  graduates  and  students  of  the 
school  living  in  Richmond  and  working  to  get  the  normal ;  with 
other  alumni  elsewhere  working  for  them;  and  finally  with  the 
Governor  an  early  student  of  Central  University,  Richmond  was 
certain  to  be  an  ultimate  choice. 

The  seven  commissioners  whom  Governor  Beckham  ap- 
pointed were  Supt.  E.  George  Payne,  of  Paducah;  Hon.  G.  B. 
Edwards,  of  Russellville ;  Hon.  Basil  H.  Richardson,  of  Glas- 
gow; Supt,  E.  A.  Mark,  of  Louisville;  Mr.  B.  M.  Arnett,  of 
Nicholasville ;  Supt.  John  Morris,  of  Covington ;  and  Senator 
Morton  "Watson,  of  Louisa.  On  April  12  the  Commissioners 
organized  at  Frankfort  with  Mr.  Arnett  as  chairman  and  Mr. 
Morris  as  Secretary,  and  gave  notice  "to  all  localities  .  .  .  desir- 
ing .  .  .  either  of  the  two  normal  schools  .  .  .  to  send  in  writing 
proposals  of  suitable  silos  .  .  .  to  the  chairman  of  the  commission 
...  on  or  before  May  7  next,"31  At  this  conference  the  line 
dividing  the  two  normal  school  districts  was  defined  but  at  a 


81  Southern  School  Journal,   May,  1906. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


41 


later  meeting,  when  the  sites  of  the  two  schools  were  determined, 
the  Commission  changed  the  dividing  line  to  the  eastern  bound- 
aries of  Jefferson,  Spencer,  Nelson,  Washington,  Marion,  Casey, 
Russell,  and  Cumberland  to  the  Tennessee  line. 

Before  determining  the  sites  for  the  two  schools  the  com- 
mission visited  the  towns  offering  inducements  for  the  locations. 
In  anticipation  of  such  a  visit  Richmond  made  considerable  prep- 
aration in  order  to  appear  at  its  best.  On  April  24  Mayor 
"Woods  issued  a  long  proclamation  appealing  "to  all  citizens  to 


CAMMACK   BUILDING 

Named  for  James  W.  Cammack,  Owenton,  Ky. ,  who  has  served  con- 
tinuously as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents  since  the  establishment  of 
the   college. 


do  their  part  in  placing  our  fair  city  in  proper  condition  to 
receive  this  distinguished  body  of  men  ..."  He  advised  in 
detail  a  thorough  cleaning  up  and  redecoration  of  the  town  and 
published  nine  of  the  city's  ordinances  providing  for  proper 
sanitation  and  the  elimination  of  nuisances,  "an  inexcusable 
disregard  of  which"  would  "be  punished  as  provided"  therein.32 

Apparently  the  citizens  did  as  their  Mayor  advised  and  put 
the  city  in  readiness  to  receive  the  commission.     Central  Uni- 


32  Richmond  Climax,  April  26,  1906. 


42  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

versify  buildings  and  grounds  were  given  special  attention,  the 
campus  being  put  in  order  by  workmen  of  the  Richmond  Water 
and  Gas  Company  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ben  R.  Daugherty, 
who  is  still  superintendent  of  the  city's  water  and  gas  system. 

According  to  the  Richmond  Kentucky  Register,  on  May  1, 
"the  visitors  arrived  at  noon  and  were  met  at  the  trains  by  a 
committee  of  prominent  citizens  consisting  of  Hon.  R.  W.  Miller, 
J.  A.  Sullivan,  W.  R.  Shackelford,  R.  R.  and  A.  R.  Burnam. 
J.  Tevis  Cobb,  C.  H.  Breck,  R.  E.  Turley,  C.  E.  Woods  and 
others,  and  were  taken  to  the  Glyndon  Hotel  for  dinner.  Only 
four  of  the  seven  commissioners  were  present"- — Morris,  Mark, 
Arnett  and  Watson,  who  were  accompanied  by  Superintendent 
Fuqua  and  his  assistant,  Harry  Tanday.  After  visiting  all  the 
places  of  interest  in  the  community  the  party  "wound  up  at  the 
Elks  Club,  where  the  business  men  of  the  town  assembled  to 
meet  our  guests.  These  spacious  rooms  were  handsomely 
decorated  for  the  occasion,  and  light  refreshments  were  served. 
In  the  evening  a  dinner  was  given  at  the  hotel  in  honor  of  the 
commission  ..." 

The  Register  stated  further .-  ' '  The  visitors  were  surprised 
at  our  great  inducements,  saying  that  the  half  had  not  been  told 
them.  The  hospitality  and  cordiality  of  our  receptions  likewise 
touched  them  deeply,  and  there  is  no  doubt  .  .  .,  that  when  they 
meet  for  final  business  next  Monday  Richmond  will  be  rewarded 
as  she  should."  And  here  the  Central  University  graduate, 
Thos.  H.  Pickels,  wrote  triumphantly  in  his  paper:  "We'll  get 
ours  all  right  and  Danville  can  have  Central  University,  and 
welcome.     For  we  've  got  a  much  bigger  thing. '  '33 

On  May  7  the  Normal  School  Commission  met  in  Louisville 
to  consider  the  selection  of  sites  for  the  two  normal  schools.  The 
meeting  was  held  in  a  place  called  the  Old  Inn  and  every  mem- 
ber was  present.  According  to  the  Louisville  Courier  Jour- 
nal :34  "In  attendance  at  the  meeting  were  Prof.  J.  A.  Fuqua, 
R.  W.  Miller,  H.  II.  Cherry,  H.  B.  Hines,  W.  R.  Shackelford. 
J.  A.  Sullivan,  C.  U.  McElroy,  J.  W.  Potter,  R,  E.  Turley  and 
Mayor  Clarence  E.  Woods  .  .  .  With  the  exception  of  Guthrie, 
which  made  an  indirect  offer  of  a  site  of  eleven  acres  and  a  build- 


38  Richmond  Kentucky  Rcoistcr,  May   4,   1906    (clipnirur) 
MMay  8,  1906. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  43 

ing  valued  at  $15,000,  the  commission  did  not  hear  from  any 
towns  other  than  Richmond  and  Bowling  Green.  Glasgow  had 
been  expected  to  enter  but  was  not  represented."  Guthrie  "had 
not  complied  with  the  terms  of  competition"  and,  therefore,  was 
not  considered.  Apparently  the  commission's  task  was  easy 
and  Bowling  Green's  and  Richmond's  respective  offers  of  prop- 
erty worth  $125,000  and  $150,000  were  readily  accepted,  and 
thereby  these  two  cities  became  the  locations  of  the  two  teacher- 
training  schools. 

The  Courier  Journal  also  stated:  "The  Commissioners 
were  greatly  impressed  with  the  fact  that  Richmond  and  Madi- 
son County  jointly  support  a  splendid  infirmary  commonly 
known  as  the  Pattie  A.  Clay  Hospital,  the  gift  of  B.  J.  Clay. 
Minister  to  Switzerland.  This  noble  institution  is  a  feature  of 
the  county  of  Madison  that  greatly  adds  to  the  advantage  of 
Richmond  as  the  home  of  students,  where  in  illness  they  may 
receive  medical  or  surgical  attention.  .  .  .  "35 

Not  all  the  property  of  Central  University  passed  at  this 
time  to  the  State.  The  Trustees  of  the  Walters  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute retained  some  of  the  property  valued  then  at  about  $25,000 
"in  view  of  the  fact  that  some  of  those  who  made  donations  to 
the  school"  might  "bring  suit  for  recovery  of  their  gifts,  not 
wishing  them  to  pass  into  the  hands  of  the  State."30  Subse- 
quently the  State  purchases  this  property  for  $10,000. 

Normal  Schools  Declared   Constitutional 

There  had  been  some  apprehension  manifested  all  along 
that  state  normal  schools  would  compete  seriously  with  certain 
other  institutions  of  higher  learning  in  the  State.  This  opposi- 
tion, however,  had  not  been  strong  enough  to  muster  a  single 
vote  in  the  General  Assembly  against  the  enactment  of  the  law. 
Apparently  the  opposition  came  from  two  sources,  namely,  those 
few  who  felt  that  the  preparation  of  teachers  at  public  expense 
should  be  done  by  the  normal  department  of  the  State  College 
and  those  who  feared  that  the  normal  schools  would  ultimately 
encroach  upon  the  field  enjoyed  by  the  private  colleges  of  the 
Commonwealth. 


35  Other   papers  also  emphasized  the   service   the   infirmary  would   likely 
render  the  students  attending  the  school  in  Richmond. 
56  Courier-Journal,  May   S.    1906. 


44  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Soon  after  the  appointment  (May  9,  1906)  of  the  Regents 
of  the  two  schools  those  of  the  Eastern  district  elected  Ruric 
Nevel  Roark  president.  A  little  later  (June  11)  President 
Roark  and  his  board  met  in  Mr.  Jere  A.  Sullivan's  office  in 
Richmond  and  tentatively  determined  the  organization  of  the 
school.  On  June  13  "Superintendent  Fuqua,  at  the  direction 
of  the  Regents,  made  formal  application  to  Auditor  S.  W.  Hager 
.  .  .  for  the  $5,000  appropriated  .  .  .  for  equipment  and  repairs. ' ' 
This  application  was  met  by  an  injunction  filed  by  the  attor- 
neys of  one  R.  A.  Marsee,  a  very  small  property  owner  of  Bell 
County,  whom  the  opposition  had  persuaded  to  file  papers  in  the 
Franklin  County  Circuit  Court  enjoining  the  auditor  from  pay- 
ment on  constitutional  grounds. 

Judge  R.  L.  Stout  denied  the  injunction  (July  20,  1906), 
and  when  the  constitutionality  of  the  law  came  before  him,  he 
decided  in  favor  of  the  schools  (September  27).  On  December 
18  the  case  was  taken  to  the  Court  of  Appeals,  which  affirmed 
the  opinion  of  the  Circuit  Court  (April  24,  1907). 3T 

The  position  taken  by  the  plaintiff  was  founded  on  section 
184  of  the  State's  constitution  which  in  part  provides : 

No  sum  shall  be  raised  or  collected  for  education  other  than 
in  common  schools  until  the  question  of  taxation  is  submitted  to 
the  legal  voters,  and  the  majority  of  the  votes  cast  at  said  election 
shall  be  in  favor  of  said  taxation:  Provided,  the  tax  now  imposed 
for  educational  purposes,  and  for  the  endowment  and  maintenance 
of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college,  shall  remain  until 
changed  by  law. 

The  appellant,  therefore,  set  forth  the  contention  that  the 
normal  school  was  "not  within  the  term  'common  schools'  ", 
and  "that  the  education  of  teachers  should  be  limited  to  the 
A.  &  M.  College  [the  State  College]  because  that  is  the  only 
institution  having  normal  teaching,  which  is  expressly  author- 
ized by  the  constitution  to  receive  aid  from  the  Legislature/' 

The  counsel  for  the  appellee,  among  whom  was  Hon.  Jere  A. 
Sullivan,  one  of  Eastern's  Regents,  had  little  difficulty  in  prov- 
ing their  position.  They  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  Marsee, 
whose  mountain  land  was  valued  at  $300,  would  pay  less  than 
one  cent  additional  tax  under  the  operation  of  the  law.  They 
also  noted  that  no  other  citizen  had  joined  the  appellant   in  the 


87  See    John    Grant    Crabbc,    Biennial    Report    of    the    Superintendent    of 
Public  Instruction,  1909,  p.   56. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  45 

case.     Furthermore,  they  easily  convinced  the  Court  that  the 
law  was  constitutional,  to  wit : 

Normal  schools  are  among  the  institutions  for  which,  under 
the  proviso  of  section  184,  of  the  constitution,  the  legislature  is 
authorized  to  make  appropriations  without  submitting  the  ques- 
tion to  a  vote  of  the  people;  and  therefore,  the  act  under  discus- 
sion must  be  held  valid.3S 

Organization  and  the  Legislation  of  1908 

Soon  after  Judge  Stout's  denial  of  the  injunction  the 
Regents  of  the  two  .schools  met  in  joint  session  at  Frankfort 
( Jul}T  25,  1906)  and  directed  their  presidents  to  proceed  at  once 
to  organization.  Preliminary  steps  in  this  direction  had  already 
been  taken  by  the  Normal  Executive  Council  in  a  meeting  at 
Bowling  Green.  The  Eastern  Regents  acted  on  the  assumption 
that  the  law  establishing  the  normals  would  be  declared  valid 
and  instructed  their  treasurer,  Hon.  R.  E.  Turley,  of  Richmond, 
to  borrow  $5,000  to  prepare  for  the  opening  of  school.  The  time 
was  short,  but  September  11  was  set  for  the  beginning  of  the 
Model  School. 

The  task  ahead  of  President  Roark  included  the  selection 
of  a  faculty,  the  repair  of  the  buildings,  the  purchase  of  sup- 
plies, the  provision  of  offices,  the  announcement  of  courses  of 
study  and  the  perfection  of  other  details  of  organization.  Late 
in  August  he  moved  into  an  office  on  the  campus  and  began  the 
direction  of  numerous  activities  from  that  vantage  point.  But 
in  spite  of  his  strenuous  activity,  repairs  "had  to  proceed  while 
the  school  was  being  organized  and  the  sounds  of  the  recitation 
and  the  carpenters'  hammers"  intermingled  throughout  the 
school  year — a  condition,  it  might  be  said,  that  has  existed  much 
of  these  three  decades  of  progress  at  Eastern.30  On  January 
15,  the  normal  school  proper  was  opened.40 

At  last  Kentucky  had  two  normals ;  but  there  was  much  dis- 
satisfaction with  a  situation  that  seemed  to  cause  these  schools 
to  work  at  cross  purposes  with  the  State  College.     Furthermore, 


'^Kentucky  Reports,  190,  (Vol.  125),  Marsee  vs.  Hager,  State  Auditor, 
etc. 

39  John  Grant  Crabbe,  Biennial  Report  for  the  two  years  ending  June  30, 
1909,  p.   58. 

40  The  Western  Normal  opened  the  first  Monday  in  January,  100  7,  a  few 
days  earlier  than  Elastern.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  President  H.  L. 
Donovan,  of  Eastern,  was  the  first  student  to  enroll  in  Western. 


46  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

conditions  at  Eastern  (and  Western  too)  demanded  considerable 
funds  for  more  buildings  and  equipment  and  for  larger  dormi- 
tory accommodations.  In  recognition  of  these  and  other  condi- 
tions, Dr.  E.  E.  Hume,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Educational  Improvement  Commission,  called  a  meeting 
of  representatives  of  the  three  schools  and  the  Federation  of 
Woman's  Clubs  at  Louisville  on  November  19,  1907.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  conference  was  to  determine  a  common  program  in 
approaching  the  General  Assembly,  which  was  to  meet  in  Jan- 
uary. In  fact,  the  educational  forces  of  the  State  had  formu- 
lated much  legislation  for  this  session  of  the  Legislature. 

As  far  as  the  three  higher  institutions  of  learning  were  con- 
cerned, the  conference  planned  to  change  the  status  of  the  State 
College  to  the  condition  of  a  State  University,  "and  as  a  prereq- 
uisite to  its  becoming  a  university  in  fact  sub-freshman  work 
was  to  be  eliminated  as  rapidly  as  possible."  This  condition 
would  react  to  the  advantage  of  the  normal  schools,  which  were 
seeking  students  below  the  college  level.  The  normal  depart- 
ment of  the  University  was  to  be  elevated  to  the  position  of  a 
department  of  education.  Furthermore,  the  three  schools  agreed 
to  unite  in  pressing  the  Legislature  for  considerable  funds  to 
carry  out  their  respective  programs.  A  committee  was  created 
to  promote  these  and  other  educational  measures  before  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly. 

Tins  session  of  the  Legislature  was  far  more  generous  than 
the  one  in  1906.  Its  response  to  the  demands  of  the  teachers 
was  most  gratifying.  The  State  University  was  created  and 
given  $200,000  for  buildings  and  equipment  and  each  normal 
received  $150,000  for  the  same  purpose.41 

As  far  as  Eastern  was  concerned  the  appropriation  meant 
an  enlarged  school  plant,  the  assurance  of  permanence,  and  a 
greater  capacity  of  usefulness.  Furthermore,  from  the  prece- 
dent set,  Kentucky  could  expect  to  develop  in  less  than  three 
decades  a  system  of  teacher-training  institutions  equal  to  any 


11  Ibid,  p.  339.  Much  other  valuable  school  legislation  was  obtained  at 
this  session  of  the  General  Assembly.  Jere  A.  Sullivan  and  Anthony  Rollins 
Burnam,  of  Richmond,  succeeded  R.  \v.  Miller  and  Curtis  P.  Burnam, 
respectively,  in  the  House  and  Senate  in  1908.  These  gentlemen  had  been 
elected  for  the  expressed  purpose  of  getting  the  much  needed  appropriations. 
Mr,  Sullivan  deserves  credil  for  successes  in  the  House.  Mr,  Burnam  exer- 
cised much  influence  in  the  Senate  but  his  most  worthy  service  was  rendered 
in  influencing  Governor  Willson  to  sign  the  appropriation  bill. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  47 

other  of  similar  status  in  America.  Moreover,  it  might  he  said 
that  in  less  than  twenty  years  the  General  Assembly  established 
two  more  such  schools  (one  at  Murray  and  the  other  at  More- 
head)  on  a  college  level  and  allowed  the  State  University  a 
college  of  education. 

It  will  soon  be  a  century  since  Superintendent  Joseph  James 
Bullock  recommended  (1838-1839)  "one  or  more  normal  schools 
for  the  purpose  of  training  the  sons  of  the  soil  for  teaching 
.  .  .  "42  Although  his  prayer  was  not  answered  for  more  than 
three  score  and  live  years,  there  exist  today  in  the  Common- 
wealth facilities  for  the  training  of  teachers  that  excel  anything 
that  he  or  his  immediate  successors  ever  hoped  for.  And  truly 
it  may  be  said  that  Eastern  is  spreading  a  gospel  of  education 
for  teachers  throughout  Kentucky  that  merits  the  fullest 
measure  of  appreciation  and  support. 


42  Barksdale  Hamlet,  History  of  Education  in  Kentucky,  p.   IS. 


48 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


^Qoctrd 
J^?o  Senior 


TSt 


OP  PuaS^TJfsfSgWN^o^T. 


^r 


HEN  BY  D.FITZ PATRICK 

PRESTONSBURG-,    KY. 


JOHN    MOLAAID 

RICHMOND,    KY. 


CHAPTER  III. 

THE  ADMINISTRATION 

By  William  C.  Jones 

Just  as  brick  and  stone  and  mortar  go  into  the  erection  of 
the  physical  structure,  likewise,  the  ideas  of  men  and  women 
are  built  into  the  plans,  programs,  policies,  and  traditions  of  an 
institution.  Materials  are  the  physical  evidences  of  a  college 
plant;  lives  are  the  invisible  spirit  of  a  college.  The  physical 
can  be  seen  with  the  eye ;  the  spiritual  is  only  felt.  Buildings 
and  equipment  are  essential ;  the  atmosphere  of  the  college  is 
fundamental.  The  physical  plant  is  constructed  of  inanimate 
material ;  the  intellectual  and  spiritual  .structure  by  the  sacrifice 
of  consecrated  lives  to  the  general  welfare  of  the  college.  The 
success  of  any  institution  can  to  a  great  extent  be  measured  by 
interests,  efforts,  faiths,  and  sacrifices  of  the  multitude  of  persons 
who  have  earnestly  devoted  themselves  in  her  behalf. 

During  the  three  decades  of  her  existence  a  host  of  men  and 
women  have  given  the  best  efforts  of  their  lives  to  Eastern. 
From  the  humblest  position  of  janitor  to  the  most  exalted,  as 
regent,  devotion  and  sacrifice  have  been  freely  given.  The 
length  of  this  service  has  varied  from  a  few  months  to  many 
years.  Out  of  the  toil  and  sacrifice  of  those  who  have  labored 
in  her  interest,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  stands 
today  as  a  monument  to  their  devotion. 

The  administration  of  a  college  is  the  execution  of  policies, 
plans,  and  programs  which  have  been  projected  by  regents, 
administrative  officials,  and  faculty  members.  The  human  ele- 
ment is  a  big  factor  in  the  administration  of  any  institution. 
AVise  and  unselfish  service  is  essential  to  success. 

Board  of  Regents 

The  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky  entrusted  the  destiny  of 
the  institution  into  the  hands  of  a  board  of  five  members  includ- 
ing the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  ex  officio 
chairman.     The  Legislative  Act  of  March  21,  1906,  creating  the 


50  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

institution,  provided  for  the  governor  to  appoint  four  regents, 
two  of  whom  were  to  serve  for  two  years  and  two  for  four  years 
and  until  their  successors  were  appointed  and  qualified,  and  two 
members  were  to  be  appointed  in  like  manner  every  two  years 
thereafter  to  serve  for  a  term  of  four  years  each.  Appointments 
to  fill  vacancies  due  to  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise  were  to 
be  made  by  the  governor  to  fill  unexpired  terms.  According  to 
this  law,  no  two  members  of  the  board  were  to  he  residents  of 
any  one  county  and  not  more  than  three  members  of  the  board, 
including  the  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  were  to 
belong  to  the  same  political  party.  It  was  further  provided  that 
the  "board  shall  have  perpetual  succession,  with  power  to  con 
tract  and  be  contracted  with,  to  sue  and  be  sued,  to  plead  and  he 
impleaded,  to  receive  by  any  legal  mode  of  conveyance  property 
of  any  description,  and  to  have  and  hold  and  enjoy  the  same; 
also  to  make  and  use  a  corporate  seal,  with  power  to  alter  the 
same;  to  adopt  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  for  the  govern- 
ment of  their  members,  official  agents  and  employees :  Provided, 
such  by-laws  shall  not  conflict  with  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  or  with  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky. ' ' 

On  May  9,  1906,  Governor  J.  C.  W.  Beckham  appointed  on 
the  first  Board  of  Regents  Hon.  Jere  A.  Sullivan,  Richmond, 
Kentucky ;  Hon.  P.  W.  Grinstead,  Cold  Springs.  Kentucky ;  Hon. 
Pied  ATaughn,  Paintsville,  Kentucky;  and  Hon.  J.  \V.  Cammack, 
Owenton,  Kentucky.  James  II.  Fucpia,  Sr.;  State  Superin- 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction,  -was  ex  officio  chairman  by  virtue 
of  his  office. 

Since  the  institution  was  established  on  March  21,  1906,  ten 
outstanding  citizens  of  Kentucky  have  served  as  appointed  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Regents.  The  length  of  the  terms  of  service 
of  board  members  has  not  been  uniform.  The  personnel  of  the 
board,  however,  has  heen  changed  infrequently.  Of  the  first 
board,  Mr.  Grinstead  served  For  eight  years  and  Mr.  Vaughn 
served  For  ten  years.  They  rendered  distinguished  service  to 
the  institution.  Mr.  Sullivan  served  continuously  until  1930 
and  probably  no  one  individual  has  ever  shown  greater  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  the  institution.  Mr.  Cammack  has  served  the 
board  continuouslv   since    1906.      Ouring  this   period   of  thirtv 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


5] 


years,  he  lias  attended  practically  every  meeting  of  the  board. 
The  continuity  of  the  policies  of  the  Board  of  Regents  has  been, 
to  a  great  extent,  the  result  of  his  efforts.  lie  has  contributed 
much  to  the  organization,  growth,  and  development  of  the 
college. 


COATES    ADMINISTRATION    BUILDING 

The  Hiram  Brock  Auditorium  with  seating  capacity 
of  1,850  is   annexed   to    this   building:. 

The  appointed  members  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  their  home 
addresses,  and  their  terms  of  service  are  as  follows : 


Name 


Address 


Legal   Term  of  Service 


J.    W.    Cammack 
P.  W.  Grinstead 
J.  A.  Sullivan 
Fred  A.  Vaughn 

H.  M.  Brock 

W.  A.  Price 
Chas.  F.  Weaver 

H.  D.  Fitzpatrick 

N.  U.  Bond 
John  No! and 


Owenton 
Cold  Springs 
Richmond 
Paintsville 

Harlan 

Corbin 
Ashland 

Prestonsburg 

Berea 

Richmond 


June  2,   1906,  to  

June  2,   1906,  to  May  S.   1914 

June  2,  1906.  to  April  26.   1930 

June  2,  1906,  to  June  16,  1916 

S  May  S,  1914,  to  April  26,  1930 

[  April   27,   1932,   to   January   10,   1936 

June  16,  1916,  to  May  15,   1920 

May   15,   1920.   to   October  21.   1932 

S  April   26,   1930,   to  April   27,   1932 
I  January  21,   1933,  to  

June   21,   1930.   to   April   27.   1932 

August  13,   1932,  to  


52  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

In  addition  to  the  appointed  members,  the  superintendents 
of  public  instruction  who  have  served  as  ex  officio  members  of 
the  Board  of  Regents  are  as  follows : 

Name  Term   of  Service 

Jas.  H.  Fuqua  January   2,    1906,    to   January    6,    190S 

John  Grant  Crabbe  January  6,  190S,  to  April  9,  1910 

Ellsworth  Regenstein  April  9,  1910,  to  January  1,  1912 

Barksdale  Hamlett  January    1,    1912,    to    January    3,    1910 

V.  O.  Gilbert  January    3,    1916,    to    January    5,    1920 

George   Colvin  January    5,    1920,   to   January   7,    1924 

McHenry  Rhoads  January    7,    1924,    to    January    2,    192S 

W.  C.  Bell  January   2,    1923,    to    January    4,    1932 

Jas.  H.  Richmond  January   4,    1932,    to    January    6,    1936 

Harry  W.  Peters  January    6,    1936    to    

The  elected  officers  of  the  Board  of  Regents  are  a  vice- 
chairman,  secretary,  and  a  treasurer.  During  the  period  of 
thirty  years  of  the  institution's  life,  the  elected  officers  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  have  been  as  follows: 

Vice-President  or  Vice-Chairman: 

P.  W.  Grinstead,  June  2,  1906,  to  May  S,  1914 
J.  W.  Cammack,  May  8,  1914,  to  May  26,  1922 
H.  M.  Brock,  May  26,  1922,  to  April  26,  1930 
C.  F.  Weaver,  June  28,  1930,  to  April  27,  1932 
H.   M.   Brock,  April  27,   1932,   to   January   10,   1936 
H.  D.  Fitzpatrick,  January  IS,  1936,  to 

Secretary: 

Fred  A.  Vaughn,  June  2,  1906,  to  June  16,  1916 
J.  W.  Cammack,  June  16,  1916,  to  January  2,  192S 

April  27,  1932,  to  

Eleanor  Cammack,  July  6,  192S,  to  June  1,  1929 

L.  Katherine  Morgan,  July  1,  1929,  to  April  27,  1932. 

Treasurer: 

R.  E.  Turley,  June  2,  1906,  to  September  13,  1920 

August  14,  1926,  to  November  27,  1933 
Paul  Burnam,  September  13,  1920,  to  August  14,  1926 
Spears  Turley,  December  2,  1933,  to  

On  July  25,  1906,  the  hoard  of  regents  appointed  an  Execu- 
tive Committee  and  it  was  "authorized  to  transact  any  current 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  53 

business  for  the  board  in  the  interim  between  meetings  of  the 
board,  proceeding  in  all  matters  within  the  limitations  of  the 
law  governing  said  board  and  reporting  in  detail  all  such  busi- 
ness transacted. ' '  This  committee  was  composed  of  three  mem- 
bers consisting  of  the  local  regent,  the  president,  and  the 
treasurer. 

On  August  25,  1908,  the  membership  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee was  increased  by  the  addition  of  two  members  of  the 
Board  of  Regents.  This  committee  was  composed  of  five  mem- 
bers until  April  17,  1934,  when  the  Board  of  Regents  passed  a 
resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  be  composed  of  each 
member  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  the  president  of  the  college, 
and  the  treasurer  of  the  college  and  that  any  three  members 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  transact  the  business  of  the  com- 
mittee. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Regents  has  trans- 
acted a  large  amount  of  the  business  of  the  college.  This  com- 
mittee has  met  frequently  and  has  been  responsible  for  the  execu- 
tion of  many  financial  policies  of  the  institution.  The  member- 
ship of  the  Executive  Committee  from  July  25,  1906,  to  the 
present  time  has  been  composed  of  the  following  regents,  presi- 
dents, treasurers,  and  superintendents  of  public  instruction : 

J.  A.  Sullivan,  Regent,  July  25,  1906,  to  April  26,  1930 
P.  W.  Grinstead,  Regent,  March  12,  1909,  to  Mav  8,  1914 
H.  M.  Brock,  Regent,  May  8,  1914,  to  April  26,  1930 

August  13,  1932,  to  January  10,  1936 
N.  U.  Bond,  Regent,  June  28,  1930,  to  April  27,  1932 

J.  W.  Cammack,  Regent,  June  28,  1930,  to  

H.  D.  Fitzpatrick,  Regent,  April  17,  1934,  to  

John  Noland,  Regent,  August  13,  1932,  to  

Ruric  Nevel  Roark,  President,  July  25,  1906,  to  April  14,  1909 
Mrs.    Mary    C.    Roark,    Acting    President,    April    16,    1909,    to 

April  9,  1910 
John    Grant    Crabbe,    Superintendent    of    Public    Instruction, 

March   12,   1909,   to   April   9,   1910 

President.  April  9,  1910,  to  September  1,  1916 
Thomas    Jackson    Coates,    President,    September    7,    1916,    to 

March  17,   1928 
Homer    E.    Cooper,    Acting    President,    March    19,    1928,    to 

June   1,   1928 

Herman  Lee  Donovan,  President,  June  1,  1928,  to  

R.  E.  Turley,  Treasurer,  July  25,  1906,  to  September  13,  1920 

August  14,  1926,  to  November  27,  1933 

Paul    Burnam,    Treasurer,    September    13,    1920,    to    August 

14,  1926 


54  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Spears,  Turley,  Treasurer,  December  2,  1933,  to  

Ellsworth  Regenstein,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
April  9,  1910,  to  January  1,  1912 

Barksdale  Hamlett,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
January  1,  1912,  to  January  3,  1916 

V.  O.  Gilbert,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  January 
3,  1916,  to  January  5,  1920 

George  Colvin,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  January 
5,   1920,  to  January  7,   1924 

McHenry  Rhoads,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Janu- 
ary 7,  1924,  to  January  2,  1928 

W.  C.  Bell,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  January  2, 
192S,  to  January  4,  1932 

Jas.  H.  Richmond,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Jan- 
uary 4,  1932,  to  January  6,  1936 

Harry  W.  Peters,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Jan- 
uary 6,  1936,  to 

During  the  period  of  approximately  thirty  years  since  the 
institution  was  established,  it  has  had  four  presidents  and  two 
acting  presidents ;  namely,  Ruric  Nevel  Roark,  President,  June 
2,  1906.  to  April  14,  1909;  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Roark,  Acting  Presi- 
dent, April  16,  1909,  to  April  9,  1910;  John  Grant  Crabbe, 
President,  April  9,  1910,  to  September  1,  1916;  Thomas  Jack- 
son Coates,  President,  September  7,  1916,  to  March  17,  1928; 
Homer  E.  Cooper,  Acting  President,  March  19,  1928,  to  June  1, 
1928;  and  Herman  Lee  Donovan,  who  has  been  president  of  the 
institution  since  June  1,  1928. 

From  time  to  time  the  Board  of  Regents  has  created  admin- 
istrative offices  to  assist  the  president  in  the  administration  of 
the  college.    These  offices  are: 

1.  Dean  of  Women,  1906 

2.  Business  Director  (now  called  Business  Agent),  1907 

3.  Registrar,   190S 

4.  Director    of    the    Model    School     (now    called    Director    of    the 
Training  School),  1907 

5.  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  1915 

6.  Superintendent  of  Buildings  and  Grounds,  191S 

7.  Dean  of  Men,  1921 

8.  Director  of  Extension,  1920 

9.  Director  of  Research,  1931. 

The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  these  offices  have  not  been 
fixed.  On  1  lie  oilier  hand,  the  president  lias  defined  and  changed 
their  Functions  to  meel  the  administrative  needs  of  the  college. 

Dean  of  Wottn  h 

The  position  of  dean  of  women  has  been  held  by  Miss  Vir- 
ginia E.  Spencer,  September  1.  1907,  to  September  1,  1909;  Mrs. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  55 

Mary  C.  Roark,  October  1,  1909,  to  September  1,  1915;  Miss 
Marie  L.  Roberts,  September  1,  1915,  to  September  1,  1932 ;  and 
by  Mrs.  Emma  Y.  Case,  who  has  been  dean  of  women  since  Sep- 
tember 1,  1932. 

Business  Agent 

E.  C.  McDougle  was  the  first  business  director  of  the  college. 
He  held  this  position  from  July  1,  1907,  to  April  9,  1910.  When 
Dr.  Crabbe  became  president  of  the  institution  in  1910,  the 
duties  of  the  business  director  were  transferred  to  J.  P.  Culbert- 
son,  secretary  to  the  president.  Mr.  Culbertson  served  in  this 
capacity  until  September  1,  1916,  when  he  resigned.  Frank  C. 
Gentry  was  appointed  secretary  to  the  president  on  September 
28,  1916,  to  succeed  J.  P.  Culbertson.  As  secretary  to  the  presi- 
dent, he  served  as  business  director  of  the  college  until  January 
13,  1923,  except  for  a  brief  period  during  the  World  War,  when 
J.  R.  Robinson  served  as  business  director.  The  office  of  busi- 
ness director  was  reorganized  after  Mr.  Gentry  resigned  and 
G.  M.  Brock  became  business  agent  on  January  13,  1923,  and  is 
still  serving  in  this  capacity.  Under  the  leadership  of  Mr. 
Brock,  a  very  complete  and  adequate  accounting  system  has 
been  developed.  This  accounting  system  has  been  studied  with 
a  view  to  adoption  by  representatives  of  several  institutions  of 
higher  learning. 

The  business  agent  is  responsible  for  all  purchases  of  the 
institution  and  has  general  supervision  of  the  cafeteria,  book 
store,  dormitories,  and  other  activities  involving  financial  trans- 
actions. He  handles  all  publicity  for  the  college,  except  for 
athletics,  and  is  responsible  for  all  correspondence  having  to  do 
with  the  business  activities  of  the  institution.  He  also  has  gen- 
eral supervision  of  the  accounting  department  and  makes  reports 
to  the  president  and  board  of  regents  relative  to  the  financial 
problems. 

Registrar 

The  office  of  the  registrar  was  created  in  1!)0S,  and  the  posi- 
tion of  registrar  was  held  by  E.  C.  McDougle  until  September  1, 
1921.  During  th.is  period,  however,  the  office  of  registrar  was 
not  considered  to  be  of  great  importance  in  the  institution,  and 


56  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

only  a  small  part  of  Dr.  McDougle's  time  was  devoted  to  the 
work  of  registrar.  The  office  was  completely  reorganized  and 
made  an  important  administrative  unit  in  1922.  J.  E.  Robinson 
was  appointed  to  the  position  of  registrar  in  1922  and  served  in 
this  capacity  until  September  1,  1925,  when  he  was  given  a  leave 
of  absence  to  pursue  graduate  work  at  George  Peabody  College 
for  Teachers.  M.  E.  Mattox  has  been  registrar  since  September 
1,  1925,  except  for  the  period  from  September  1,  1928,  to  June  1, 
1929,  during  which  time  he  was  doing  graduate  work.  From 
September  1.  1928,  to  June  1,  1929,  W.  J.  Moore  was  acting 
registrar  of  the  college. 

Director  of  the  Training  School 

The  position  of  director  of  the  training  school  (formerly 
director  of  the  model  school)  has  been  held  by  Edgar  Hesketh 
Crawford  from  January,  1907,  to  September,  1908;  by  Ira  Waite 
Jayne  from  September  1,  1908,  to  May  1,  1909;  by  E.  George 
Payne  from  September  1,  1909,  to  June  1,  1910;  and  by  R.  A. 
Edwards,  who  has  occupied  the  position  since  September  1,  191 8, 
except  from  the  period  September  1,  1924,  to  September  1,  1925. 
during  which  time  M.  E.  Mattox  was  acting  director  of  the  train- 
ing school.  During  the  period  from  September  1,  1910,  to  Sep- 
tember 1,  1916,  President  Crabbe  supervised  the  activities  of  the 
training  school,  and  from  September  7,  1916,  to  September  1, 
1918,  the  work  was  done  by  President  Coates. 

Dean  of  the  Faculty 

The  position  of  dean  of  the  faculty  was  held  by  E.  C.  Mc- 
Dougle  from  1915  to  1921 ;  by  Herman  Lee  Donovan  from  1921 
to  1923;  by  Homer  E.  Cooper  from  1921  to  1931;  and  since 
April  17,  1934,  by  William  C.  Jones.  From  September  1,  1923, 
to  September  1,  1924,  J.  R.  Robinson  acted  as  dean  of  the 
faculty.  During  the  period  from  June  1,  1931.  to  April  17, 
1934,  the  work  of  the  dean's  office  was  done  by  the  director 
of  research  and  the  registrar. 

Superintendent  of  Buildings  <ni<l  Grounds 
The  superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds  has  general 
supervision  over  the  maintenance  employees  of  the  college  and 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  57 

is  responsible  to  the  president  for  the  maintenance  and  repair 
work.  R.  F.  Ramsey  was  superintendent  of  buildings  and 
grounds  from  1918  to  1922,  and  since  March  1,  1922,  this  position 
has  been  held  by  W.  A.  Ault. 

Dean  of  Men 

Professor  C.  A.  Keith  has  held  the  position  of  Dean  of  Men 
since  the  office  was  created  in  1921  and  has  been  responsible  for 
planning  and  developing  the  work  of  this  office. 

Extension  Department 

The  extension  department  was  organized  in  1920.  During 
the  first  years  of  its  existence,  the  work  of  the  department  was 
largely  that  of  correspondence.  J.  R.  Robinson  was  the  first 
director  of  this  department  and  supervised  its  activities  from 
1920  to  1921.  The  department  was  reorganized  in  1921,  and  its 
activities  were  greatly  increased.  Charles  D.  Lewis  was  director 
of  the  extension  department  from  1921  to  1922 ;  R.  Dean  Squires, 
from  1921  to  1926 ;  Fallen  Campbell,  from  1926  to  1928 ;  Ker- 
ney  Adams,  from  1928  to  1932;  R.  E.  Jaggers,  from  1932  to 
1933 ;  and  M.  E.  Mattox  has  held  this  position  since  February  1, 
1933. 

Director  of  Research 

The  position  of  director  of  research  has  been  held  by  Wil- 
liam C.  Jones  since  the  office  was  created  on  March  14,  1931. 
Miss  Lucile  Derrick  has  held  the  position  of  assistant  to  director 
of  research  since  September  1,  1934. 

Faculty 

Much  of  the  administrative  work  of  the  institution  has  been 
handled  by  the  faculty.  There  are  twenty  permanent  commit- 
tees of  the  faculty :  nainety,  Alumni ;  Graduation ;  Student 
Schedules;  Credits  and  Credentials;  Entrance  Examinations; 
Fine  Arts  and  Entertainment ;  Library ;  Training  School :  Ath- 
letics; Societies,  Clubs,  and  Forensics;  Student  Publications; 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review — Catalog ;  Curriculum ;  Student  Wel- 
fare, Discipline,  and  Grievances ;  Rules  and  Regulations ;  Socials 
and  Receptions;  Extension;  Student  Loans,  Scholarships  and 
Fellowships;  Student  Labor;  and  Graduate  Instruction,  which 


58  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

perform  important  administrative  functions.     Members  of  these 
committees  are  appointed  by  the  president. 

The  Administrative  Staff 

The  administrative  officers  of  the  institution  have  been  ably 
assisted  by  the  administrative  staff.  The  administrative  staff 
is  an  integral  part  of  the  organization  of  the  college.  Members 
of  this  staff  are  professionally  trained  and  enjoy  the  same  privi- 
leges with  respect  to  tenure  as  the  faculty.  Among  the  members 
of  the  administrative  staff  who  have  been  in  the  service  of  the 
institution  for  more  than  ten  years  are  Miss  Marie  L.  Roberts, 
Miss  Katherine  Morgan.  Miss  Maye  M.  Waltz,  Mrs.  Helen  W. 
Perry,  Miss  Eunice  Wingo,  Mr.  E.  P.  McConnell,  and  Mr.  Fred 
Ballon. 

The  members  of  the  administrative  staff  at  the  present  time 
are  as  follows  : 

Years  of 
Name  Position  Service 

Marie  L.  Roberts  Housekeeper,    Sullivan    Hall     21 

L.  Katherine  Morgan  Secretary  to  the  President  16 

Maye  M.  Waltz  Secretary  to  the  Dean 15 

Helen  W.  Perry  Recorder,   Registrar's    Office   15 

E.   P.   McConnell  Bookkeeper    14 

Eunice  Wingo  Secretary  to  the  Dean  of  Women  12 

Fred  Ballcu  Book  Store  Clerk  11 

Inez  McKinley  Assistant  Bookkeeper  aud 

Stenographer  10 

Mayme  Cooper  Secretary  to  the  Director  of  Extension  S 

Edna  White  Registered    Nurse    S 

Lois  Colley  Secretary  to  the  Business  Agent  7 

Bessie  H.  Griggs  Information    Clerk    7 

Lilly  Elnora  Kohl, 

B.   S.,  M.  S.  Supervisor    Of    Cafeteria    3 

Lucy  Mitchell,  B.  S.  Stenographer,   Business   Office   3 

Martha  J.  Culton,  A.  B.  Secretary  to  the  Registrar  2 

Sam  Beckley,  B.  A.  Assistant   Director  of  Extension  1 

Gladys  Karrick.  B.  S.  Cashier    1 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  59 

It  is  not  possible  in  the  limited  space  allotted  to  this  discus- 
sion to  list  all  of  the  policies  of  the  Board  of  Regents.  It  is 
appropriate,  however,  to  list  three  of  the  policies  winch  have 
been  responsible,  in  a  large  measure,  for  the  success  of  the  insti- 
tution. The  first  of  these  three  policies  was  adopted  on  June  2, 
1906,  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents  and  provides 
that  the  president  of  the  institution  shall  nominate  members  of 
the  faculty  and  other  employees  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Board  of  Regents.  This  policy  has  been  followed  in  making  all 
appointments,  and  the  president  has  been  solely  responsible  to 
the  Board  of  Regents  for  the  selection  of  employees  of  the  insti- 
tution. The  second  of  these  policies  pertains  to  the  financial 
operations  of  the  institution  and  provides  that  the  college  shall 
live  within  its  income.  The  Board  of  Regents  and  its  adminis- 
trative officers  have  truly  demonstrated  over  a  period  of  thirty 
years  that  an  institution  can  live  within  a  limited  income  and 
make  great  progress.  The  extent  to  which  this  policy  has  been 
followed  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  there  has  never  been  a 
deficit  at  the  end  of  any  fiscal  period.  The  third  of  these  policies 
has  to  do  with  the  tenure  of  members  of  the  faculty  and  admin- 
istrative staff  and  provides  that  employees  of  the  college  shall 
hold  their  positions  as  long  as  they  continue  to  give  satisfactory 
service.  The  administration  of  this  policy  has  made  it  possible 
for  the  institution  to  secure  capable  and  efficient  members  of  the 
faculty  and  administrative  staff  even  though  salaries  have  been 
rather  low  throughout  the  history  of  the  institution. 

The  income  for  maintenance  increased  gradually  from  the 
initial  appropriation  of  $20,000.00  per  year  in  1906  to  $353,- 
615.03  in  1930-31.  Beginning  with  the  school  year  1931-32, 
there  was  a  great  decline  in  the  income  of  the  college  for  main- 
tenance purposes.  The  amount  of  income  for  this  purpose  con- 
tinued to  decrease  until  1933-31,  when  the  total  amount  received 
was  $188,283.28.  Appropriations  for  capital  outlay  have  been 
made  from  time  to  time.  These  appropriations,  however,  have 
been  made  at  irregular  intervals.     A  statement  of  the  income 


60  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

for  maintenance   and   for  capital   outlay   for  the   period   1906 
to  1936  is  given  below: 


Fiscal  Year         Cur: 

rent  Expenses  and  Other  Purposes 

Capital  Outlay 

1906-07 

$  20,000.00 

$     5,000.00 

1907-OS 

40,000.00 

1908-09 

40,000.00 

50.000.00 

1909-10 

40,000.00 

50,000.00 

1910-11 

40,000.00 

50,000.00 

1911-12 

75,000.00 

1912-13 

75,000.00 

1913-14 

75,000.00 

1914-15 

75,000.00 

1915-16 

75,000.00 

1916-17 

75,00000 

1917-18 

75,000.00 

1918-19 

97,727.03 

1919-20 

132,841.46 

1920-21 

127,151.60 

75,000.00 

1921-22 

136.720.20 

75,000.00 

1922-23 

172,271.62 

1923-24 

153,684.74 

1924-25 

182,067.21 

1925-26 

214,884.15 

1926-27 

261,767.90 

160,000.00 

1927-28 

279,124.72 

160,000.00 

1928-29 

307,054.81 

125,000.00 

1929-30 

305,652.37 

125,000.00 

1930-31 

353,615.03 

125,000.00 

1931-32 

282,336.52 

125,000.00 

1932-33 

217,118.35 

1933-34 

188,283.28 

1934-35 

239,400.00 

1935-36 

239,400.00* 

*  Estimated. 

Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


61 


EURIC  NEVEL  ROARK 

President,  June  2,  1906,  to  April  14,  1909 

On  June  2,  1906,  the  Board 
of  Regents  at  its  first  meet- 
ing elected  Dr.  Ruric  Nevel 
Roark  president  of  the  insti- 
tution. He  was  eminently 
qualified  for  this  position  of 
leadership.  Dr.  Roark  was 
born  in  Muhlenberg  County, 
Kentucky,  on  May  19,  1859. 
He  received  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools 
and  in  Greenville  Academy. 
He  then  became  a  student  at 
the  National  Normal  Univer- 
sity at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  graduated  in  1881 .  He 
was  invited  to  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  faculty  of  his  Alma 
Mater  and  served  the  Nation- 
al Normal  University  in 
this  capacity  for  four  years. 
Dr.  Roark  then  returned 
to  Kentucky  and  established  and  became  president  of  Glasgow 
Normal  School,  where  he  remained  until  1889.  In  1889,  he  was 
appointed  dean  of  the  Normal  Department  of  State  College  at 
Lexington,  which  position  he  held  for  seventeen  years.  He 
resigned  this  position  in  1905  in  order  to  accept  a  fellowship  at 
Clark  University.  Dr.  Roark  contributed  numerous  articles  to 
magazines  and  educational  journals  and  was  also  the  author  of 
Psychology  in  Education,  Economy  in  Education,  Method  in 
Education,  and  General  Outline  of  Pedagogy,  professional  books 
for  teachers.  Dr.  Roark  was  widely  known  as  an  outstanding 
educator  and  was  in  great  demand  in  other  states  as  an  educa- 
tional lecturer  and  as  an  instructor  of  teachers'  institutes.  In 
his  work  as  dean  of  the  Norma]  Department  of  State  College, 
he  had  showed  the  need  of  trained,  better  educated  teachers. 


RURIC  NEVEL  ROARK 

First  President 
1906-1909 


62  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

and  created  by  his  example,  by  his  inspiration,  and  by  his  work, 
a  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  establishment  of  institutions  for  the 
education  of  teachers. 

It  was  the  task  and  responsibility  of  Dr.  Roark  to  define  the 
aims,  purposes,  and  ideals  of  the  institution,  to  outline  the  course 
of  study,  to  select  a  faculty,  to  determine  and  recommend  poli- 
cies, and  to  perfect  the  organization.  He  accomplished  these 
things  to  a  marked  degree.  During  his  term  of  service,  the 
course  of  study  was  planned,  the  faculty  was  selected  and  organ- 
ized, the  offices  of  dean  of  women,  business  director,  registrar, 
and  director  of  the  model  school  were  created,  a  program  was 
outlined  for  observation  and  practice  teaching  in  the  training 
school.  The  maintenance  appropriation  was  increased  from 
$20,000.00  per  year  to  $40,000.00  per  year,  and  an  appropriation 
of  $100,000.00  was  secured  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a 
dormitory  for  women,  a  building  to  house  the  training  school,  a 
building  for  a  central  heating  and  power  plant,  and  an  addition 
to  Memorial  Hall.  An  effort  was  made  to  increase  the  size  of  the 
campus  by  securing  an  option  on  the  property  known  as  "faculty 
row".  This  property  was  later  purchased.  Architects  were  em- 
ployed for  the  college  and  the  services  of  a  landscape  gardener 
were  secured  for  the  purpose  of  planning  a  program  for  the 
growth  and  expansion  of  the  physical  plant. 

Dr.  Roark  died  on  April  14,  1909,  due  largely  to  overwork 
and  a  general  breakdown.  Thus  ended  the  administration  that 
had  planned  and  directed  the  policies  of  the  institution  during 
the  period  of  its  infancy. 

MRS.  MARY  C.  ROARK 

Actinc4-Prkrioent,  April  16,  1909,  to  April  9,  1910 

On  April  Hi,  1909,  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Roark.  wife  of  President 
Roark,  was  elected  acting-president.  On  October  1,  1909,  Mrs. 
Roark  was  elected  dean  of  women  and  served  in  both  the  capac- 
ity of  dean  of  women  and  aeting-presidenl  until  April  9.  1910. 
Upon  retiring  as  acting-president,  Mrs.  Roark  continued  in  tin' 
position  ns  dean  of  women  until  the  close  of  tin1  school  year 
1914-15. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


63 


JOHN  GRANT  CRABBE 

President,  April  9,  1910,  to  September  1,  1916 

Dr.  John  Grant  Crabbe  was 
elected  president  of  the  East- 
ern Kentucky  State  Normal 
School  on  March  1!),  1910,  as- 
sumed the  responsibilities  of 
this  office  on  April  9,  1910, 
and  resigned  on  September 
1,  1916,  to  accept  the  presi- 
dency of  Colorado  State 
Teachers  College.  Dr.  Crabbe 
was  born  in  Mt.  Sterling, 
Ohio,  on  November  29,  1865. 
He  received  the  A.  B.  degree 
from  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity in  1889  and  the  A.  M 
degree  in  1892.  In  1897,  Ohio 
University  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  Fed.  M.  He 
later  received  honorary  de- 
grees from  Berea  College, 
LL.  D.,  1909;  Miami  Univer- 
sity, Ped.  D.,  1909;  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  LL.  ]).,  1911.  Dr.  Crabbe  was  superintendent 
of  the  public  schools  of  Ashland,  Kentucky,  1890-1907.  lie  was 
elected  superintendent  of  public  instruction  of  Kentucky  in  1907 
and  served  in  this  capacity  until  April  9,  1910.  The  educational 
background  and  experience  of  Dr.  Crabbe  made  him  the  logical 
choice  as  second  president  of  Eastern.  His  service  on  the  Board 
of  Regents,  as  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  from  Jan- 
uary 6,  1908,  made  it  possible  for  him  to  appreciate  and  under- 
stand the  problems  of  the  college. 

Dr.  Crabbe  spent  much  of  the  first  part  of  his  administra- 
tion in  perfecting  the  organization  of  the  college.  The  faculty, 
through  committees,  was  encouraged  to  assume  responsibility  for 
a  large  share  of  the  administrative  work;  likewise,  the  work  of 


JOHN  GRANT  CRABBE 

Second    Bresident 
1910-1916 


64  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

the  other  employees  of  the  college  was  defined  in  a  more  definite 
manner  and  the  office  of  Dean  of  the  Faculty  was  created.  To 
what  extent  President  Crabbe  was  able  to  divide  his  responsibili- 
ties with  subordinates  is  not  known,  and  it  is  not  possible  to  de- 
termine from  the  records  which  are  available,  but  it  is  known  that 
he  continued  to  devote  a  large  part  of  his  time  to  the  details  of 
administration.  His  systematic  scheme  of  organization  included 
the  financial  plans  of  the  institution  and  the  supervision  of 
instruction.  A  beginning  was  made  in  budgeting  the  funds 
of  the  college,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  supervise  the 
instruction. 

Dr.  Crabbe  was  responsible  for  increasing  the  scope  of  serv- 
ice and  influence  of  the  institution.  While  president,  he  became 
recognized  as  one  of  the  outstanding  educators  of  the  nation  and 
was  made  a  member  of  the  National  Council  on  Education  in 
1911,  was  elected  president  of  the  Department  of  Normal  Schools 
of  the  Southern  Education  Association  in  1912,  president  of  the 
National  Education  Association  in  1913,  and  was  State  Director 
of  the  National  Education  Association  in  1916.  The  nationwide 
recognition  which  Dr.  Crabbe  attained  was  of  great  value  to  the 
institution  during  this  particular  period  of  its  development  and 
growth. 

It  was  clue  largely  to  Dr.  Crabbe 's  leadership  that  plans 
were  made  for  developing  the  library,  for  the  expansion  of  the 
curriculum  and  for  the  addition  of  departments  of  instruction. 
It  was  also  during  his  period  of  service  that  the  student  body 
was  greatly  increased  and  the  number  of  faculty  members  ap- 
proximately doubled.  The  maintenance  appropriation  for  the 
college  was  increased  from  .+10,000.00  for  the  school  year 
1910-1911,  the  first  year  of  Dr.  Crabbe 's  administration,  to 
$75,000.00  for  the  school  year  1911-1912,  the  .second  year  of  his 
term.  This  appropriation  continued  at  the  rate  of  $75,000.00 
per  year  during  the  remainder  of  his  administration.  The 
material  development  and  growth  of  the  institution  went  for- 
ward in  that  the  president's  home  was  purchased,  an  addition  to 
Sullivan  Hall  was  constructed,  a  farm  was  purchased,  and 
laboratory  and  library  equipment  were  added. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


65 


THOMAS  JACKSON  COATES 

President,  September  7,  1916,  to  March  17,  1928 

Thomas  Jackson  Coates  was 
elected  president  of  the  col- 
lege on  September  5,  1916, 
and  his  term  of  service  ex- 
tended from  September  7, 
1916,  until  his  death  on 
March  17,  1928.  President 
Coates  was  born  at  Pikeville, 
Kentucky,  March  17,  1867. 
He  received  his  higher  educa- 
tion at  State  College,  Lexing- 
ton, and  at  the  Southern 
Normal  School,  Bowling 
Green,  from  which  institution 
he  received  the  A.  B.  degree 
in  1901  and  the  A.  M.  degree 
in  1906.  He  was  a  teacher  in 
the  rural  schools  of  Kentucky 
from  1883  to  1889,  served  as 
principal  of  the  Greenville 
public  schools  and  editor  of 
the  Muhlenberg  Echo  from 
1889  to  1895,  was  superintendent  of  schools  at  Princeton  from 
1895  to  1907,  and  was  superintendent  of  schools,  Richmond,  from 
1907  to  1911.  He  then  became  state  supervisor  of  rural  schools 
and  served  in  this  capacity  during  the  period  from  1911  to  1916. 
He  was  widely  known  as  a  lecturer  for  teachers'  institutes, 
having  done  this  type  of  work  for  many  years.  His  long  experi- 
ence in  public  school  work  as  rural  school  supervisor  gave  him  a 
sympathetic  appreciation  of  the  problems  of  education  in  Ken- 
tucky. As  measured  by  character,  experience,  training,  and 
ability,  Mr.  Coates  was  thoroughly  qualified  to  become  Eastern's 
third  president. 

' '  He  asked  little  for  himself  but  desired  and  obtained  much 
for  those  whom  he  served."  These  words  are  found  on  a  bronze 
tablet  near  the  front  entrance  to  the  magnificant  structure  which 
was  named  in  honor  of  and  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  President 


THOMAS  JACKSON  COATES 

Third  President 
1916-1928 


E.  S.  T.  C—  3 


66  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Coates  soon  after  his  death,  the  Thomas  Jackson  Coates  Admin- 
istration Building.  They  symbolize  the  character,  quality  of 
leadership,  and  ideals  of  Eastern's  third  president.  He  has 
been  called  the  architect  and  builder  of  the  college.  During  his 
administration,  he  secured  appropriations  of  $720,000.00  for 
permanent  improvements  and  witnessed  the  construction  of 
Cammack  Building,  the  John  Grant  Crabbe  Library  Building, 
Burnam  Hall,  and  the  Thomas  Jackson  Coates  Administration 
Building.  At  the  time  of  President  Coates'  death,  plans  were 
being  formulated  for  the  construction  of  an  auditorium.  In 
addition  to  these  permanent  structures,  many  other  valuable 
improvements  were  made  on  the  campus,  most  of  which  were 
paid  for  out  of  savings  which  accumulated  from  the  maintenance 
income.  It  was  also  during  President  Coates1  administration 
that  New  Stateland  Farm  was  purchased. 

The  organization  of  the  college  was  greatly  improved  during 
the  administration  of  President  Coates.  He  re-defined  the  work 
of  the  registrar  and  the  business  agent,  and  these  offices  were 
elevated  to  important  places  in  the  administration  of  the  college. 
The  offices  of  Dean  of  Men  and  Director  of  Extension  were 
created  for  the  purpose  of  handling  new  administrative  problems. 

The  educational  development  of  the  college  was  not  neg- 
lected. On  the  other  hand,  President  Coates  spent  much  of  his 
energy  and  ability  in  directing  and  improving  instruction.  He 
insisted  upon  and  secured  higher  standards  of  preparation  for 
members  of  the  faculty.  The  curriculum  of  the  college  was 
lengthened  from  two  years  to  four  years,  and  Eastern  graduated 
her  first  degree  class  in  1925.  The  lengthened  curriculum  brought 
about  a  new  conception  of  teacher  education  at  Eastern.  Scores 
of  new  courses  were  added  to  the  offerings  of  the  institution 
and  additional  departments  were  created.  The  departments  of 
manual  training,  agriculture,  and  music  were  greatly  improved. 

HOMER  E.  COOPER 

Acting-President,  March   19,  1028,  to  June  1.  1928 

Two  days  after  the  death  of  President  Coates,  Dr.  Homer  E. 

Cooper,  Dean  of  the  Faculty,  was  elected  acting-president.     He 

served  the  college  in  this  capacity  from  March.  19, 1928,  to  June  1, 

]!)2<S.    Dr.  Cooper  llien  resumed  Ins  duties  as  dean  of  the  faculty. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


(17 


HERMAN  LEE  DONOVAN 

President,  June  1,  1928,  


On  March  17,  1928,  due 
to  the  death  of  President 
Coates,  the  Board  of  Regents 
was  called  upon  for  the 
fourth  time  in  less  than 
twenty-two  years  to  select 
a  president.  This  duty  was 
performed  on  March  26, 
1928,  wh,en  Dr.  Herman  Lee 
Donovan,  Professor  of  Edu- 
cation at  George  Peahody 
College  for  Teachers,  was 
elected  president  of  the 
institution.  He  assumed  the 
duties  of  his  new  office  on 
June  1,  1928.  He  was  born 
in  Mason  County,  Kentucky, 
on  March  17,  1887.  Dr. 
Donovan  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common 
schools  of  Mason  County.  He 
attended  Western  Ken- 
tucky State  Normal  School. 
1906-08;  received  the  B.  A.  degree  from  the  University  of  Ken- 
tucky in  1914;  the  M.  A.  degree  from  Columbia  University  in 
1920;  and  the  Ph.  D.  degree  from  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers  in  1925.  He  was  also  a  graduate  student  at  the  L Diver- 
sity of  Chicago.  In  1933,  the  University  of  Kentucky  conferred 
upon  him  the  LL.  D.  degree.  His  experience  includes  that  of 
teaching  in  the  county  schools  of  Mason  county ;  principal,  ward 
school,  Paducah ;  superintendent  of  schools,  Wickliffe ;  assistant 
superintendent  public  schools,  Louisville ;  superintendent  of 
schools,  Catlettsburg ;  dean  of  the  faculty,  Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Normal  School  and  Teachers  College ;  and  professor  of  edu- 
cation, George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers.  At  the  time  of  his 
election  to  the  presidency  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teach- 


HERMAN    LEE    DONOVAN 

Fourth  President 
1928- 


68  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

ers  College,  he  Avas  widely  known  throughout  the  nation  as  a 
lecturer  and  author.  He  is  the  author  of  numerous  magazine 
articles,  and  among  his  books  are  A  State's  Elementary  Teacher- 
Training  Problem  (Kentucky) ,  Supervision  and  Teaching  of 
Reading  (co-author),  and  Learning  to  Spell  (co-author). 

President  Donovan  is  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Phi 
Delta  Kappa,  Kappa  Delta  Pi,  the  National  Education  Associa- 
tion, National  Society  for  Study  of  Education,  and  many  other 
professional  and  educational  organizations. 

The  performance  of  the  duties  of  Dean  of  the  Faculty  from 
1921  to  1923  gave  President  Donovan  an  opportunity  to  know 
and  appreciate  the  problems  of  the  institution.  His  experience 
as  professor  of  education  at  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers 
had  given  him  first-hand  experience  with  problems  of  teacher 
education.  He  came  to  the  institution  imbued  with  the  idea  that 
teacher  education  should  be  improved  in  Kentucky  and  that 
institutions  for  the  education  of  teachers  should  be  examples  of 
good  teaching.  To  Dr.  Donovan,  the  most  important  problem 
of  the  institution  was  that  of  improving  instruction,  because  in 
this  way  the  standards  of  teachers  for  the  public  schools  of  the 
Commonwealth  would  be  raised.  Among  the  outstanding  con- 
tributions of  his  administration  to  the  improvement  of  instruc- 
tion are : 

1.  The  elimination  of  teacher  training-  at  the  high  school  level  by 
abolishing  the  normal  school. 

2.  The  reorganization  of  the  departments  of  art,  music,  physical  edu- 
cation, health,  biology,  chemistry,  geography  and  geology,  physics 
and  commerce. 

3.  The  admission  of  the  institution  to  membership  in  the  American 
Association  of  Teachers  Colleges  and  in  the  Southern  Association 
of  Colleges  and   Secondary  Schools. 

4.  The  organization  of  the  departments  of  instruction  into  divisions 
of  instruction  for  the  purpose  of  coordinating  and  unifying  the 
work  of  the  institution. 

5.  Tbe  establishment  of  the  division  of  graduate  instruction. 

G.  The  in-service  training  and  improvement  of  members  of  the 
faculty. 

7.  Raising  the  standards  for  the  employment  of  new  members  of 
the  faculty. 

8.  The    organization    of    national    honorary    educational    fraternities. 

9.  The  organization  and  re-establishment  of  the  Model  High  School 
for    laboratory    purposes. 

10.  The  organization  and  development  of  curricula  to  meet  the  needs 
Of   teachers    in    Kentucky. 

11.  The  improvement  and  expansion  of  library  facilities. 

12.  The  establishment  of  a  nursery  school. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  69 

Since  1928,  the  Hiram  Brock  Auditorium  has  been  con- 
structed, the  Weaver  Health  Building  has  been  erected,  the  Uni- 
versity Building  has  been  remodeled,  the  Power  Plant  has  been 
enlarged,  a  new  addition  to  the  Library  has  been  built,  a  con- 
crete road  has  been  built  through  the  campus,  and  a  stadium  and 
an  outdoor  theater  are  under  construction.  The  dormitories, 
Cammack  Building,  Roark  Building,  and  the  Administration 
Building  have  been  redecorated,  and  much  time  and  effort  have 
been  given  to  the  improvement  of  the  appearance  of  the  campus. 

In  many  ways,  President  Donovan  has  been  faced  with  the 
most  trying  and  difficult  problems  which  have  confronted  the 
institution  during  its  entire  history.  Prior  to  1928,  the  institu- 
tion had  never  suffered  a  loss  in  its  income  for  maintenance  pur- 
poses. In  1930-31,  the  institution  received  $353,615.03,  which 
was  the  highest  amount  ever  received  in  one  year  for  mainte- 
nance purposes.  The  income  then  began  to  decrease  and  con- 
tinued to  decrease  until  it  reached  the  low  figure  of  $188,283.28 
in  1933-34.  Appropriations  for  capital  outlay  which  had  not 
been  less  than  $125,000.00  per  year  since  1926-27  were  complete- 
ly eliminated  in  1932.  During  this  period,  President  Donovan 
was  able  to  make  the  adjustments  necessary  for  the  institution 
to  live  within  its  income.  This  has  probably  been  the  most  dif- 
ficult task  which  has  been  faced  by  the  institution  during  its 
entire  history. 

In  spite  of  the  loss  of  income  which  has  been  suffered  since 
1930-31  and  the  complete  elimination  of  the  appropriations  for 
capital  outlay,  the  building  program  has  gone  forward.  Through 
the  leadership  of  President  Donovan  funds  have  been  secured 
from  outside  sources,  for  example,  a  bond  issue,  gifts  from  the 
faculty,  administrative  force,  alumni,  former  students  and  other 
friends  of  the  institution,  and  grants  from  the  Public  "Works 
Administration  to  make  permanent  improvements  on  the 
campus.  These  permanent  improvements  include  an  addition 
to  the  library  at  a  cost  of  approximately  $100,000.00,  a  concrete 
drive  through  the  campus,  a  concrete  stadium  and  an  outdoor 
theater. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE  CURRICULUM 

By  Melvin  E.  Mattox 

The  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  creating  the  normal  school 
specified  that  the  training  should  be  given  in  the  common  school 
branches,  in  the  science  and  art  of  teaching,  and  in  such  other 
branches  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  Normal  Executive 
Council.  The  express  purpose  of  creating  the  normal  schools 
was  to  make  the  schools  throughout  the  State  efficient  by  giving 
proper  training  to  the  teachers  of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  Normal  Executive  Council  took  under  consideration 
the  preparation  of  those  teaching  in  the  Commonwealth  and  set 
entrance  requirements  to  the  normal  schools  at  graduation  from 
the  eighth  grade  or  the  possession  of  any  type  of  certificate  to 
teach.  In  the  Announcement  Number  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky 
Review  is  to  be  found  a  statement  that  it  would  be  utterly 
futile  to  set  up  high  school  graduation  as  a  requirement  for  ad- 
mission until  the  high  schools  of  the  State  became  more  plenti- 
ful and  the  pay  of  the  teachers  raised  to  a  point  that  would 
attract  high  school  graduates  into  the  teaching  field. 

Following  the  statement  of  admissions  ' '  exit  requirements ' ' 
are  set  up.  Here  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  the  proper 
place  to  protect  the  standards  of  the  institution  is  at  the  exit 
rather  than  at  the  entrance,  and  that  students  will  not  be 
granted  certificates  from  the  institution  unless  they  have  shown 
themselves  to  be  proficient  in  scholarship  and  in  teaching  skill. 
The  course  of  study  is  given  in  the  first  catalog  and  is 
divided  into  a  review  course,  two  certificate  courses,  and  what  is 
termed  a  principal's  course.  The  review  course  did  not  lead  to 
a  certificate,  but  offered  preparation  to  those  who  planned  to 
take  the  county  examination  on  the  common  school  branches. 
The  first  certificate  course  included  the  work  of  one  year  with 
requirements  as  shown  in  Table  III.  The  diploma  course  in- 
cluded the  elementary  certificate  course  and  two  additional 
years'  work.  In  the  outlines  for  the  requirements  of  those  cer- 
tificates courses  are  classified  under  three  headings:  first,  major 


72  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

subjects,  those  in  which  students  were  supposed  to  make  two 
hours  of  preparation  for  each  recitation  hour;  second,  minor 
subjects,  those  in  which  students  were  supposed  to  make  one 
hour  of  preparation  for  each  recitation  hour;  third,  drill  sub- 
jects, those  in  which  students  were  not  supposed  to  make  any 
outside  preparation. 

In  the  first  catalog  Observation  and  Practice  Teaching  were 
placed  with  the  drill  subjects  requiring  no  outside  preparation. 
In  the  second  catalog  Observation,  Methods,  Educational  Econ- 
omy, High  School  Methods,  and  History  of  Education  were 
elevated  to  the  place  of  minor  subjects  requiring  one  hour  of 
preparation  for  each  recitation  hour.  Iu  this  catalog  provision 
was  made  for  offering  one  year  of  teaching  experience  in  lieu 
of  Practice  Teaching.  The  principal's  or  superintendent's 
course,  which  was  also  termed  the  four  year  course  above  the 
eighth  grade,  included  the  work  offered  in  the  other  certificate 
courses  and,  in  addition,  other  advanced  subject  matter  courses. 
The  student  roster  for  the  year  of  1907-08  shows  the  following 
distribution  of  students:  Review  Course,  177;  State  Certificate 
Course,  98;  State  Diploma  Course,  85;  Four  Year  Course,  73; 
Special  Students,  113 ;  Total,  546.  It  will  be  observed  from  this 
that  there  were  approximately  as  many  students  enrolled  in 
the  review  course,  as  in  the  State  Certificate  Course  and  the 
State  Diploma  Course  combined. 

1908  — 1914 

During  this  period  the  work  became  organized  largely  in 
terms  of  certificates  issued.  Entrance  requirements  remained  at 
graduation  from  the  eighth  grade.  The  Elementary  Certificate, 
the  Intermediate  Certificate,  and  the  Advanced  Certificate  were 
now  issued.  Tn  addition  to  these  certificate  courses,  the  review 
course  was  continued  and  a  preparatory  course  was  introduced. 
The  purpose  of  the  preparatory  course  was  to  give  the  student 
a  foundation  for  the  work  of  the  Elementary  Certificate. 

Some  attention  was  given  during  this  period  to  special 
courses.  The  departmental  offerings,  with  few  exceptions,  re- 
mained about  the  same.  Course  requirements  for  the  certificates 
did  not  vary  to  any  great  extent. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  73 

Period  op  Transition  1915  — 1923 

This  period  is  marked  by  a  number  of  changes.  In  1915, 
in  addition  to  the  work  which  had  previously  been  offered,  an 
outlined  curriculum  was  made  for  a  two  year  course  for  those 
who  had  graduated  from  high  school.  The  provision  for  those 
who  had  finished  the  eighth  grade  to  complete  the  Standard  Cer- 
tificate course  in  three  years  of  five  terms  each  remained  in  force 
until  1918,  when  the  sixth  term  was  added  to  the  three  years  of 
work.  Also,  in  1918,  a  curriculum  was  outlined  for  those  desir- 
ing to  take  high  school  work  without  any  professional  courses. 
This  course  was  three  years  in  length,  and  no  certificate  was  is- 
sued upon  the  completion  of  the  course.  An  early  attempt  was 
made  in  1918  to  evaluate  the  work  offered  in  terms  of  semester 
hours. 

In  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  volume  13,  number  4, 
page  40;  there  is  found  an  attempt  to  evaluate  the  requirements 
in  terms  of  semester  hours  beginning  with  the  preparatory 
course.     The  requirements  are  as  follows : 

Preparatory  Course — 28%   hours. 
Elementary   Certificate   Course — 65%   hours. 
Intermediate   Certificate  Course — 65%  hours. 
Advanced   Certificate    Course — 81%   hours. 

A  summary  of  the  requirements  for  the  Advanced  Certifi- 
cate was  as  follows : 

Total  Terms  and  Hours  for  Advanced  Certificate  Above  the 
Preparatory  Course 

Education 18  terms 43%  hours 

English 16  terms 39%  hours 

Mathematics 9  terms 22%  hours 

Science  17  terms 42%  hours 

History  and  Civics  10  terms 25  hours 

Latin  or  Modern  Language  10  terms 20  hours 

Arts 11  terms 20  hours 


Totals   91   terms 213       hours 

In  1920  the  Elementary  Certificate  Course  was  rated  as 
equivalent  to  eight  high  school  units;  the  Intermediate  Course 
was  also  rated  as  eight  high  school  units.  This  became  the  re- 
quirement for  admission  to  the  Advanced  Certificate  Course 
which  was  outlined  for  two  years  of  four  terms  each. 


74  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

In  1922  a  new  course  of  study  was  prepared.  This  omitted 
the  review  and  preparatory  courses  and  included  a  three  year 
program  of  secondary  work  leading-  to  the  Elementary  and  Inter- 
mediate Certificates  and  to  admission  to  the  college  courses. 
For  the  first  time  a  statement  of  entrance  requirements  for  those 
entering  from  the  high  school  is  to  be  found.  This  provided  that 
a  minimum  of  fifteen  acceptable  units  be  presented,  including 
three  units  of  English,  one  unit  of  Algebra,  and  one  unit  of 
Plane  Geometry.  A  two-year  college  course  for  the  Advanced 
Certificate  was  also  outlined.  Differentiation  was  made  in  the 
curricula  for  those  planning  to  teach  in  the  lower  grades,  in 
the  upper  grades,  and  in  the  rural  school. 

A  Senior  College 

In  1922  the  normal  school  became  a  separate  insitution  from 
the  college  and  was  continued  as  a  three-year  school  until  1924 
when  the  fourth  year  was  added.  The  Provisional  Elementary 
Certificate  was  issued  on  eight  or  more  units  of  high  school  work 
until  1924  when  a  new  certification  law  was  adopted.  This  law 
provided  for  the  issuance  of  a  Provisional  Elementary  Certificate 
of  the  second  class  to  be  issued  on  four  units  and  a  Provisional 
Elementary  Certificate  of  the  first  class  to  be  issued  on  eight 
units.  In  1926  the  issuance  of  certificates  on  secondary  train- 
ing was  transferred  to  the  State  Department,  and  the  require- 
ments were  raised  to  eight  units,  four  units  of  which  must  have 
been  earned  in  a  normal  school.  This  law  continued  until  1930 
when  the  normal  schools  were  discontinued  as  teacher  training 
departments.  In  1930  the  normal  department  of  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky State  Teachers  College  became  a  standard  secondary 
school. 

In  1923  the  College  organized  and  offered  a  course  of  senior 
college  level.  A  curriculum  providing  that  all  students  major 
in  Education  was  outlined  for  the  bachelor's  degree.  The  mini- 
mum departmental  requirements  were:  Education,  twenty-four 
hours;  English,  eighteen  hours;  Foreign  Language,  ten  hours; 
Mathematics,  seven  hours ;  Social  Science,  ten  hours :  Science, 
twelve  hours.  This  was  modified  in  1924  by  omitting  the  re- 
quirement in  Foreign  Language,  by  reducing  the  requirement  in 
Mathematics  to  six  hours  and  in  English  to  twelve  hours,  and  by 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  75 

increasing*  the  requirement  in  Social  Science  to  twelve  hours. 
Under  these  requirements  the  first  degrees  were  conferred  in 
1925. 

In  1926  the  requirement  was  changed  from  that  of  requiring 
all  students  to  major  in  Education  to  that  of  permitting  them  to 
major  in  subject  matter  fields.  It  was  specified  that  each  can- 
didate for  a  degree  must  satisfy  a  major  of  twenty-four  hours, 
a  first  minor  of  eighteen  hours,  and  a  second  minor  of  twelve 
hours  in  addition  to  the  minimum  departmental  requirements 
of  Education,  eighteen  hours,  English,  twelve  hours,  Social 
Science,  twelve  hours,  Science,  twelve  hours,  and  Mathematics, 
seven  hours.  These  general  requirements  were  continued  until 
September  1,  1935.  All  graduates  following  a  professional  cur- 
riculum were  issued  a  College  Certificate  which  entitled  the 
holder  to  teach  either  in  the  grades  or  in  the  high  school. 

Period  op  Expansion 

Some  of  the  outstanding  changes  made  during  this  period 
had  to  do  with  the  expansion  of  the  offerings  in  the  various 
departments.  This  is  shown  in  Table  II.  In  addition  to  the 
minimum  requirements  set  out  above  and  approved  by  the  Coun- 
cil, the  institution  developed  unified  curricula  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  teachers  in  the  elementary  field,  secondary  field,  and 
Vocational  Home  Economics.  The  offerings  were  revised,  and 
an  uniform  method  of  description  was  adopted.  This  included 
a  descriptive  title  that  would  indicate  the  nature  of  the  course, 
a  statement  of  purpose,  and  a  list  of  the  topics  to  be  included  in 
the  course.  A  distinction  was  made  in  courses  of  various  levels 
which  prevented  students  from  accumulating  enough  hours  on 
the  freshman  college  level  to  satisfy  the  minimum  requirements 
for  graduation. 

A  part  of  the  plan  for  improving  departmental  offerings 
was  the  preparation  of  syllabi  for  the  courses  of  each  depart- 
ment. In  many  of  the  courses  copies  of  the  syllabi  were  placed 
in  the  hands  of  students  for  their  guidance  in  the  course.  These 
have  served  to  eliminate  overlapping  of  courses  as  well  as  im- 
proving the  instruction  in  the  courses. 

In  1930  a  curriculum  was  outlined  for  a  non-professional 
degree  for  those  who  were  not  interested  in  teaching.     Educa- 


76  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

tion  was  omitted  from  the  departmental  requirements  and  For- 
eign Language  was  added.  In  1932  the  requirements  for  the 
non-professional  degree  were  set  up  as  follows :  Bachelor  of 
Arts  Degree,  English,  eighteen  hours;  History,  Government, 
and  Sociology,  eighteen  hours;  Science,  twelve  hours;  Mathe- 
matics, seven  hours;  Foreign  Language,  .six  to  eighteen  hours. 
Minimum  departmental  requirements  for  the  Bachelor  of  Science 
Degree  were :  English,  eighteen  hours ;  History,  Government, 
and  Sociology,  twelve  hours;  Science,  sixty  hours;  Mathematics, 
twelve  hours;  Foreign  Language,  six  to  eighteen  hours.  Ar- 
rangements have  been  made  for  those  interested  in  medicine  and 
other  professions  whereby  they  may  complete  three  years'  work 
at  Eastern,  continue  the  first  year's  work  at  a  professional 
school,  and  receive  the  bachelor's  degree  provided  that  during 
the  three  years  of  work  in  this  institution  they  have  satisfied 
minimum  departmental  requirements. 

In  1932  the  related  departments  were  brought  together  in 
divisions.  These  divisions  of  instruction  were :  Applied  Arts 
and  Sciences,  Fine  Arts,  Biological  and  Physical  Sciences,  Edu- 
cation, Health  and  Physical  Education,  Languages,  Mathematics, 
and  Social  Sciences. 

In  1935  the  Council  on  Higher  Education  set  up  the  require- 
ments for  certificates  to  be  issued  on  the  completion  of  profes- 
sional curricula.  These  requirements  furnished  the  basis  for 
the  organization  of  professional  curricula,  They  provide  for  a 
major  in  Education  which  leads  to  a  degree  with  a  certificate 
to  teach  in  the  elementary  schools.  Those  students  preparing 
to  teach  in  the  high  school  are  required  to  present  two  majors  of 
twenty-four  hours  each  or  a  major  of  twenty-four  hours  and 
two  minors  of  eighteen  hours  each  with  the  following  core 
requirements:  English,  twelve  hours;  Science,  twelve  hours; 
Social  Science,  twelve  hours ;  Health,  two  hours ;  Mathematics, 
six  hours,  or  Foreign  Language,  six  to  twelve  hours;  Physical 
Education,  one  hour;  Education,  eighteen  hours,  distributed  as 
follows:  Supervised  Student  Teaching,  six  hours;  Psychology, 
three  hours;  Secondary  Education,  nine  hours. 

Those  students  planning  to  take  the  superintendent's  cer- 
tificate may  meet  the  requirements  by  completing  either  of  the 
professional  curricula,  provided  the  work  includes  six  hours  of 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  77 

Elementary  Education,  six  hours  of  Secondary  Education,  six 
hours  of  Administration  and  Supervision,  and  six  hours  of 
Supervised  Student  Teaching.  Teachers  of  Smith-Hughes  sub- 
jects are  required  to  complete  a  curriculum  meeting  the  require- 
ments in  Smith-Hughes  work  and  including  six  hours  of  Super- 
vised Student  Teaching,  six  hours  of  Psychology,  and  nine  hours 
of  Secondary  Education. 

Students  receiving  any  degree  from  the  institution  must 
attend  a  minimum  of  thirty -six  weeks.  At  least  eighteen  weeks 
of  this  resident  work  is  required  in  the  senior  year. 

Graduate  Work 

Beginning  with  the  school  year  of  1935-36  Eastern  began 
offering  graduate  work  with  a  provision  for  a  major  in  Educa- 
tion. The  following  requirements  have  been  set  up  for  the 
Master's  degree  i1 

Admission  Requirements.  Any  student  who  has  received  a 
bachelor's  degree  from  an  accredited  institution  authorized  by 
law  to  confer  such  degrees,  and  who  has  met  the  undergraduate 
requirements  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 
or  the  equivalent  thereof,  may  be  admitted  to  the  Graduate 
Division. 

Requirements  for  the  Degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  To  com- 
plete the  work  for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  each  candidate 
is  required  to: 

1.  Spend  at  least  two  semesters  in  residence.  Three  sum- 
mer terms  are  considered  equivalent  to  one  semester. 

2.  Complete  at  least  twenty-four  semester  hours  in  the  Grad- 
uate Division,  at  least  twelve  semester  hours  of  which  must  be 
in  the  major  field  of  professional  education  and  at  least  twelve 
hours  of  which  must  be  in  academic  work.  Of  the  minimum  re- 
quirement of  twelve  semester  hours  of  academic  work,  a  minor 
of  at  least  six  semester  hours  must  be  completed  in  one  academic 
department. 

3.  Present  to  the  dean  of  the  college  not  later  than  the  end 
of  the  first  semester  of  residence  a  tentative  program  and  a 
thesis  subject,  both  of  which  have  been  approved  by  the  major 
and  minor  professors.  The  thesis  subject  shall  be  approved  by 
the  major  and  minor  professors  and  by  the  dean  of  the  college 
as  a  subject  worthy  of  special  research  and  appropriate  to  the 
field    involved. 

4.  Complete  the  program  of  work  approved  for  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  with  a  high  order  of  scholarship  as  evidenced 
by  grades  of  "A"  or  "B"  on  all  courses.  A  grade  lower  than 
"B"  will  not  be  counted  for  graduate  credit. 


1  Since  this  plan  was  adopted  the  four  state  teachers  colleges  and  the 
University  of  Kentucky  have  entered  into  an  agreement  whereby  the  former 
will  discontinue  graduate  work  and  the  latter  will  not  offer  courses  in 
teacher-training  below  the  junior  year. 


78  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

5.  File  with  the  registrar  not  later  than  eight  weeks  before 
the  candidate  expects  to  graduate  a  formal  application  for  the 
Master  of  Arts  degree. 

6.  Present  at  least  three  weeks  before  the  degree  is  to  be 
conferred  a  typewritten  thesis,  organizing  and  recording  the  re- 
sults of  an  investigation  of  some  special  topic  or  problem  related 
to  the  work  of  the  major  field.  The  thesis  must  be  approved  by 
the  major  and  minor  professors  and  by  the  dean  of  the  college 
and  must  conform  to  regulations  approved  by  the  graduate  com- 
mittee for  writing  theses. 

7.  File  with  the  college  two  typewritten  copies  of  the  thesis 
at  least  one  week  before  the  degree  is  conferred; 

S.  Complete  all  requirements  for  the  Master  of  Arts  degree 
within  a  period  of  five  years  from  the  date  of  initial  registration 
in  the  Graduate  School." 

Institutional  Offerings  and  Certificate  Requirements 

In  the  following  tables  will  be  found  the  institutional  offer- 
ings and  certificate  requirements.  During  the  period  from  the 
establishment  of  the  institution  to  1921  inclusive  there  was  no 
distinct  division  between  courses  of  secondary  level  and  those  of 
college  level.  In  1921  the  division  was  made,  but  many  of  the 
courses  were  listed  as  carrying  either  high  school  or  college 
credit.  It  is  necessary  to  give  the  data  shown  in  Tables  I,  III, 
IV,  and  V  in  term-courses.-  In  1922  a  definite  division  was 
made  between  courses  of  high  school  and  college  level.  From 
that  date  to  the  present  time  the  institutional  offerings  and 
certificate  requirements  are  stated  in  terms  of  semester  hours. 
This  is  shown  in  Tables  II  and  VI. 


-  A   term-course   is   defined   as   a   class   meeting-   five   times   per   week   for 
a  term  of  eight  or  ten  weeks. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


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CHAPTER  V. 

THE  TRAINING  SCHOOL 

By  Richard  A.  Edwards 

The  Training  School,  known  for  the  first  half  of  this  period 
as  the  Model  School,  opened  September  11,  1906,  a  full  four 
months  before  the  beginning  of  the  State  Normal  School  proper. 
Jt  was  the  first  training  school  established  in  Kentucky  as  part 
of  a  teacher  training  institution.  A  copy  of  the  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky Review  bearing  the  date  of  October,  1906,  carries  the  fol- 
lowing announcement : 

A  distinctive  and  essential  part  of  every  modern  Normal 
School  is  a  Model  School,  in  which  the  most  approved  methods  of 
teaching  and  of  school  administration  are  illustrated  by  the  work 
of  expert  teachers  and  supervisors. 

The  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  is  peculiarly  fortunate 
in  finding  at  Richmond,  in  the  Walters  Collegiate  Institute,  a 
good  nucleus  of  a  Model  School.  The  upper  four  forms  of  the 
institution  have  become  a  high  school;  the  course  of  study  has 
been  strengthened  and  enriched,  and  those  who  successfully  com- 
plete it  will  be  amply  prepared  for  immediate  entrance  into  the 
regular  courses  of  the  best  colleges  and  undergraduate  depart- 
ments of  universities  in  any  part  of  the  country.  The  other 
grades  have  been  added  below,  and  thus  provision  is  made  for 
children  of  all  ages  and  degrees  of  advancement. 

This  Model  School,  complete  in  all  grades,  is  organized  for 
two  purposes:  first,  to  provide  a  school  in  which  the  students  of 
the  Normal  can  observe  the  best  work  as  done  by  expert  teachers, 
trained  to  their  profession;  and,  second,  to  afford  facilities  of  a 
superior  order  for  the  education  of  boys  and  girls  whose  parents 
desire  for  their  children  the  advantages  of  a  select  private 
school. 

The  concept  embodying  the  principle  of  a  select  private 
school  for  children  of  parents  who  were  financially  able  to  afford 
it,  and  who  socially  preferred  it,  was  strongly  prevalent  in  many 
sections  of  Kentucky  in  1906.  In  fact,  the  free  public  school 
system  inaugurated  seventy  years  previous  to  this  time  still 
bore,  in  the  minds  of  many  citizens,  a  somewhat  abstruse  and 
hazy  stigma  of  charity.  This  concept  was  fostered  by  the  prin- 
cipal sectarian  orders  in  the  State  because  they  controlled  a  large 
number  of  private  schools  of  all  ranks.  It  was  also  a  dominant 
factor  in  the  social  order  of  the  time.  Those  who  traveled  the 
turnpikes  paid  toll.     Each  school  district,  however  small  and 


86  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

poor,  provided  its  own  building  and  employed  the  teacher  of 
its  choice.  Centralization  in  education  was  scarcely  known  even 
in  city  school  organizations.  Socialistic  and  paternalistic  tend- 
encies were  incompatible  with  principles  of  democracy  thirty 
years  ago.  Tax  payers  generally  did  not  object  to  public  sup- 
port for  elementary  schools.  Even  the  poor  should  have  an  op- 
portunity for  a  limited  education;  but  beyond  that  it  was  the 
duty  of  each  family  and  each  individual  to  provide  for  any 
higher  education  according  to  their  respective  abilities. 

The  transition  that  has  taken  place  in  Kentucky  within  the 
past  quarter  -century  is  phenomenal.  It  is  of  historical  sig- 
nificance and  marks  an  epoch  in  educational  development.  The 
history  of  the  Training  School  through  this  period  presents  a 
concrete  representation  of  the  change  in  one  locality. 

The  Model  School  announced  its  tuition  rates  by  the  year 
as  follows:  $30.00  for  each  of  the  six  elementary  grades,  $40.00 
for  the  grammar  grades,  and  $50.00  for  each  of  the  four  upper 
forms. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-six  pupils  were  enrolled  the  first 
year,  including  sixty-five  in  the  high  school.  Col.  E.  H.  Craw- 
ford, who  had  been  chosen  Director  of  the  Model  School,  did 
not  arrive  until  the  year  was  half  out.  Three  of  the  early  in- 
structors of  the  Model  School  later  became  prominent  members 
of  the  Normal  School  faculty.  These  were  Mr.  J.  A.  Sharon, 
who  acted  as  principal  during  the  first  fall  term  and  taught  high 
school  classes;  Mr.  Wren  J.  Grinstead,  who  also  was  elected 
as  a  regular  member  of  the  Normal  School  staff,  but  continued 
to  teach  a  few  classes  in  the  high  school  for  several  years;  and 
Dr.  Virginia  E.  Spencer,  who  taught  the  grammar  grades  for 
the  fall  term  and  who  took  up  the  duties  of  Dean  of  Women 
when  the  Normal  opened  January  15.  Miss  Wesa  Moore  taught 
the  intermediate  grades,  and  Miss  Lena  Gertrude  Roling  had 
charge  of  the  primary  children  and  bore  the  title  of  supervisor. 

Within  ;i  year  the  organization  crystallized  into  a  more  or- 
derly plan  with  six  full-time  teachers.  It  remained  about  the 
same  for  fifteen  years.  A  note  added  to  the  list  of  the  Model 
School  staff  as  printed  in  early  bulletins  states  that  "members 
of  the  regular  faculty  of  the  Normal  School  also  teach  in  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  87 

Model  School  on  the  departmental  plan.     In  this  way  Drawing, 
French,   Science,  Vocal  Music,  and  Penmanship   are  taught." 

From  the  Kevieiv  number  dated  July,  1907,  the  following 
interesting  information  is  taken  : 

Soon  after  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office  as  Director  of 
the  Model  School,  Colonel  E.  H.  Crawford  organized  the  High 
School  into  a  cadet  corps  and  introduced,  with  marked  success, 
self  government  through  the  military  feature.  In  March  the 
Model  School  boys  to  the  number  of  forty  were  formally  mustered 
into  the  service  of  the  State  by  Col.  Marvin  Parrent,  Assistant 
Adjutant  General  of  the  State.  The  cadets  now  have  a  compact 
organization  with  their  own  officers.  They  have  the  regulation 
uniform,  arms  and  camp  equipment,  and  the  County  of  Madison, 
in  conformity  with  the  law,  has  furnished  pressed  steel  lockers 
with  combination  locks,  for  use  in  the  armory.  No  feature  of  the 
school  is  so  popular  as  this  voluntary,  self-governing  military 
organization. 

Instruction  in  this  department  is  both  practical  and  theo- 
retical. The  State  furnishes  guns,  uniforms,  etc.,  to  all  members. 
This  department  is  free  to  all  young  men  who  matriculate  in  the 
school.     Cadets  will  go  into  camp  at  Jamestown,  July  18. 

At  Jamestown,  Virginia,  in  the  summer  of  1907,  the  Nation 
was  celebrating  the  three-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  settle- 
ment of  the  first  permanent  English  colony  in  America.  It 
must  have  been  a  great  day  for  the  cadets  when  they  stood  at 
attention  and  listened  to  the  reading  of  "Special  Order  No.  28", 
as  follows : 

The  Cadet  Company  located  at  Richmond,  Kentucky,  Colonel 
E.  H.  Crawford  commanding,  is  hereby  attached  to  the  Second 
Infantry,  Kentucky  State  Guard,  for  and  during  the  encampment, 
and  will  proceed  to  Jamestown,  Virginia,  with  the  above  named 
organization  at  a  time  that  shall  be  designated  hereafter. 

This  organization  will  be  allowed  the  same  privileges  and 
concessions  as  other  organizations  of  the  Guard. 

By  Command  of  Governor  J.  C.  W.  Beckham, 
Henry  R.  Lawrence,  Adjutant  General. 

Fortunately  the  muster  roll  for  the  cadet  corps  has  been 
preserved : 

Col.  E.  H.  Crawford,  Commanding;  N.  B.  Noland,  1st  Lieut.; 
J.  P.  Chenault,  2nd.  Lieut.;   R.  R.  Burnam,  3rd.  Lieut. 

Sergeants:  E.  A.  Deiss;  T.  E.  Baldwin,  Jr.;  R.  J.  Roark; 
R.  E.  Turley,  Jr.;   O.  J.  Colyer. 

Corporals:  Lowell  E.  Sharon,  Ronald  C.  Oldham.  Walter  Q. 
Park,  Chas.  Powell,  A.  C.  Chenault. 

Privates:  John  Adams,  Lindsay  Blanton,  Jr.,  Kavenaugh 
Broaddus,  Paul  Burnam,  Barnett  Chenault,  John  Cornelison,  Lodell 
DeJarnett,    Alex    Mason,    Robert    Mason,    Rankin    Mason,    Ivan 


88  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

McDougle,  C.  H.  Park,  K.  S.  Park,  J.  G.  Phelps,  Luther  Powell, 
Frank  Prather,  B.  C.  Simmons,  Jr.,  R.  "W.  Walker,  Joseph  Weber, 
Malcolm  Adolphus  Parsons. 

The  Drum  and  Bugle  Corps  comprised  Joe  Hollenkamp, 
Drum-Major;  Philip  Blumenthal.  Archie  Chenault,  Earl  Curtis, 
Frank  Devore,  Robert  Estill,  Garnett  Million,  Glen  Million, 
James  Stepp,  Brown  Lee  Yates. 

Not  all  of  the  drum  and  bugle  corps  were  bona  fide  mem- 
bers of  the  school,  and  not  all  of  the  rythmic  cadence  blown  from 
bugles  or  pounded  out  of  drums  fell  with  pleasing  sound  upon 
the  ears  of  the  Colonel  of  the  Second  Infantry.  At  Jamestown 
the  drum  and  bugle  corps  carried  guns. 

The  camp  was  a  momentous  event  in  the  lives  of  the  cadets. 
It  was  a  .subject  of  considerable  interest  in  the  home  community. 
One  exciting  incident  which  occurred  while  the  boys  were  in 
camp  was  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  written  up  in  several 
Eastern  papers.  Elmer  Deiss  came  near  drowning  while  swim- 
ming at  Virginia  Beach.  Through  the  heroism  of  N.  B.  Noland 
he  was  rescued  and  brought  to  terra  firma,  although  young 
Noland,  who  was  by  no  means  an  expert  swimmer,  almost  lost 
his  own  life  in  the  effort. 

The  Model  High  cadets  participated  in  one  more  historical 
celebration.  The  Boonesborough  chapter  of  the  D.  A.  R.,  in 
October,  1907,  dedicated  the  marker  it  had  erected  on  the  site 
of  the  old  stockade  fort  at  Boonesborough.  One  hundred  and 
thirty  years  previous  to  this  event  the  direct  ancestors  of  some 
of  these  boys  had  fired  volleys  from  this  identical  spot,  not  into 
the  air,  but  with  deadly  aim  at  the  creeping  bodies  of  redskins 
outside  the  fort;  and  twenty-four  years  later  the  sons  of  some 
of  these  cadets  participated  as  Boy  Scouts  from  the  Model  High 
School  in  the  dedication  of  the  Boonesborough  memorial  bridge. 

By  the  end  of  the  second  year  of  the  Model  School  military 
drill  had  lost  its  glamor.  There  were  no  more  Jamestown  expe- 
ditions, and  Col.  Crawford  had  withdrawn  from  the  institution. 
The  enrollment  in  high  school  decreased.  In  three  years  it  was 
less  than  half  as  large  as  it  had  been  in  1907.  The  Normal  was 
supporting  the  High  School  and  getting  very  little  in  return 
from  it. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  89 

Walters  Collegiate  Institute  property  was  not  ceded  to  the 
state  institution  when  Richmond  was  selected  as  the  site  of  the 
school.  Its  trustees  held  the  property  until  almost  the  end  of 
President  Crabbe's  administration  before  negotiations  for  its 
purchase  by  the  Normal  were  consummated.  The  Normal  main- 
tained the  "private"  high  school  as  a  continuation  of  Walters 
Collegiate  Institute,  and  at  the  same  time  paid  "excessive" 
rental  fees  for  use  of  the  property. 

The  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Regents  in  session  May,  1911, 
record  the  motion  that  "Walters  Collegiate  Institute  lease  to 
Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School  its  building  and  prop- 
erty— that  in  consideration  therefor — Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School  do  conduct  during  said  period  a  first  class  high 
school  as  an  adjunct  to  the  Model  School."  A  second  motion 
immediately  following  the  preceding  one  contained  a  threat  that 
unless  a  satisfactory  deal  could  be  made  with  the  Walters  Col- 
legiate Institute  trustees,  the  Model  High  School  would  be 
abolished  and  secondary  work  conducted  within  the  Normal. 
The  former  plan  being  more  in  accord  with  the  wishes  of  patrons 
of  the  school,  it  was  the  one  that  prevailed  for  the  time. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Regents  in  July,  1912,  "President 
Crabbe  recommended  that  the  Model  High  School  be  continued, 
and  that  it  should  be  extended  and  developed  as  a  high  class 
preparatory  school :  principal  to  be  employed  at  a  salary  not  to 
exceed  the  maximum,  $1,900,  tuition  in  grades  seven  and  eight 
to  be  free  for  the  future. ' '  Two  years  later  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  "the  question  of  the  continuation  of  the 
Model  High  School  was  discussed  and  the  matter  was  left  open 
for  a  decision  of  President  Crabbe,  details  covering  same  to  be 
arranged  by  him." 

A  great  impetus  was  given  public  education  in  Kentucky  in 
1908  by  the  Sullivan  Act  which  made  it  mandatory  upon  the 
counties  of  the  State  to  establish,  or  maintain  by  contract,  free 
public  high  schools.  A  number  of  the  larger  cities  were  already 
supporting  secondary  schools  as  part  of  their  free  school  sys- 
tems. Within  two  years  after  the  founding  of  the  state  teacher 
training  institutions  the  Commonwealth  had  extended  its  public 
school  system  through  the  secondary  field,  and  made  of  its  state 
college  a  university. 


90  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

About  the  same  time  the  standardization  of  high  schools  was 
brought  about  indirectly  by  the  Carnegie  Foundation's  pension 
plan  for  superannuated  college  professors.  The  Carnegie  Foun- 
dation defined  the  college  entrance  unit  and  fixed  the  entrance 
requirements  for  colleges  that  qualified  for  the  pension  benefits 
at  fifteen  units,  or  approximately  four  years  of  standard  sec- 
ondary work.  This  forced  the  secondary  schools  to  extend  their 
curricula  to  make  contact  with  the  standard  colleges.  Public 
high  schools,  private  and  church  schools,  seminaries,  institutes 
and  "colleges"  had  been  operating  up  to  this  time  with  cur- 
ricula three  years  in  length  for  many  of  them.  The  new  demands 
for  four  years  of  standard  work,  which  the  Model  High  School 
had  adopted  in  1906,  worked  a  hardship  upon  many  private 
schools,  but  was  a  favorable  move  for  the  rapidly  growing  public 
high  schools. 

There  were  no  graduating  classes  from  the  Model  High 
School  in  the  years  1907,  1908,  and  1911.  The  school  had  taken 
a  forward  stand  comparable  with  the  best  secondary  schools  in 
the  State  when  it  continued  the  four  years  requirement  of 
Walters  Collegiate  Institute  for  graduation.  That  was  as  much 
as  the  Normal  School  demanded  of  its  graduates  at  first.  Some 
of  the  Model  High  School  students  transferred  to  the  Normal 
and  finished  there,  A  few  of  the  girls  returned  to  Madison 
Female  Institute  and  graduated  there.  For  the  first  five  or  six 
years  students  continued  to  drop  out  after  three  years  of  work 
and  enter  college  with  the  credits  already  earned,  or  with  the 
necessary  extra  credits  made  up  elsewhere.  A  number  of  repu- 
table colleges  did  not.  require  graduation  from  a  four-year  high 
school  for  entrance  at  that  time. 

The  Review  for  April,  1909,  contains  this  interesting  bit  of 
information  about  the  accrediting  of  the  High  School  and  its  first 
graduating  class : 

The  Model  School  has  recently  been  accredited  by  the  State 
University  under  its  new  advanced  requirements.  The  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan  will  hereafter  accept  recommended  graduates 
without  examination.  Transylvania  University  has  informally 
agreed  to  give  the  Model  School  graduates  one  year  advanced 
standing.  Of  this  year's  senior  class,  one  plans  to  enter  Yale, 
one  Michigan,  and  one  the  University  of  Missouri.  The  Model 
School  now  has  a  recognized  standing  in  the  educational  world. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  91 

Three  High  Schools  and  the  Shifting  Sands 

Madison  Female  Institute  was  a  well  known  girls'  school 
established  in  1856  under  the  auspices  of  the  church  of  the  Dis- 
ciples of  Christ,  During  the  War  Between  the  States  the  build- 
ings were  occupied  part  of  the  time  by  Federal  troops  as  a 
hospital.  After  the  war  civil  government  in  the  South  was 
too  weak  and  too  impoverished  to  support  public  schools  ade- 
quately :  as  a  result,  private  schools  and  academies  were  revived 
and  flourished.  Madison  Female  Institute  drew  students  from 
other  counties  in  the  State  and  from  some  of  the  neighboring 
states.  It  provided  a  cultural  training  for  the  daughters  of 
well-to-do  families.  The  Institute  also  maintained  an  elemen- 
tary school  of  six  grades  for  both  boys  and  girls. 

With  the  coming  of  the  Model  School  Richmond  had  three 
complete  educational  plants  extending  from  the  first  grade 
through  the  twelfth.  All  three  struggled  to  keep  up  a  bold 
front.  The  impetus  given  to  public  education  in  Kentucky 
proved  deleterious  to  the  progress  of  private  and  church  schools. 
Walters  Collegiate  Institute  had  already  taken  refuge  under 
the  wing  of  a  state  institution.  By  1919  the  Madison  Female 
Institute,  founded  in  1856  and  located  across  the  valley  on  the 
opposite  hill,  had  so  dwindled  in  numbers  and  depreciated  in 
property  that  it  ceased  to  operate,  and  its  trustees  tendered  the 
property  to  the  city  Board  of  Education,  gratis.  Many  families 
of  the  community  had  already  changed  their  patronage  lo  the 
Model  School.  One  of  the  teachers  at  the  Institute,  Miss  Mari- 
anna  Deverell,  had  accepted  a  position  on  the  Model  School  staff 
in  1910.  After  sixty-three  years  of  effective  service,  the  Insti- 
tute, having  passed  through  the  throes  of  war,  a  period  of  pros- 
perity, and  an  age  of  decline,  found  itself  like  an  aged  lady, 
bereft  of  its  usefulness,  but  still  loved  for  what  it   had  been. 

When  the  city  Board  of  Education  accepted  the  property 
of  Madison  Female  Institute  in  1919,  it  transferred  the  sec- 
ondary grades  of  the  Caldwell  Public  High  School  to  the 
historic  buildings  on  the  newly  acquired  campus.  Two  years 
later  the  public  school  on  North  Second  street  burned.  Then 
under  the  superintendency  of  Mr.  John  Howard  Payne  a  new 
and  imposing  public  school  building  was  erected  on  the  site  of 
the  Institute.     This  building  was  completed  in  1922.     At  once 


92  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

a  new  civic  pride  began  to  manifest  itself  with  increased  respect 
and  loyalty  to  the  public  school.  Caldwell  High  School  changed 
its  name  to  Madison  High  School. 

There  was  still  a  division  of  educational  support  and  loyalty 
in  the  community.  Superintendent  Payne  presented  the  situa- 
tion to  State  Superintendent  George  Colvin,  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  for  Eastern.  Mr.  Colvin 's  ideas  on  public 
education  jibed  exactly  with  the  ambitions  of  the  city  superin- 
tendent, and,  being  a  fearless  man,  the  suggestions  of  Superin- 
tendent Payne  were  soon  expressed  in  action.  The  year  that 
witnessed  the  completion  of  the  new  home  for  Madison  High 
School  on  the  grounds  given  to  the  city  by  the  defunct  Madison 
Female  Institute  also  witnessed  the  recommendation  of  State 
Superintendent  Colvin  to  the  effect  that  the  Normal  School 
should  abolish  its  Model  High  School.  The  graduating  class  at 
the  Model  High  that  year  had  been  the  largest  in  the  history  of 
the  school.  For  eighteen  years  it  had  carried  on  the  traditions 
of  Walters  Collegiate  Institute  and  had  done  exceptionally  good 
work  for  a  small  high  school.  But  it  was  true  that  the  State 
Normal  had  not,  up  to  this  time,  used  the  Model  High  School  for 
training  purposes.  No  student  teaching  had  ever  been  done  in  it, 
and  very  little  directed  observation.  It  was  an  expensive  adjunct 
to  the  state  institution,  carried  on  at  public  expense  because  an 
agreement  had  been  entered  into  to  that  effect  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  school ;  and,  moreover,  the  presence  of  the  Model  High 
School  divided  the  educational  interests  and  social  forces  of  the 
community  in  a  way  that  was  not  conducive  to  the  building  up 
of  a  modern,  progressive  high  school  at  either  site. 

The  action  of  Mr.  Colvin,  acquiesced  in  by  President  Coates, 
plus  the  initiative  of  Superintendent  Payne,  soon  changed  the 
educational  status  of  the  community.  The  city  school  gained 
in  public  favor.  Extra-curricular  activities  were  introduced 
into  the  High  School  with  the  result  of  increased  pride  in  the 
new  public  school.  Within  four  years  Madison  High  more  than 
doubled  its  enrollment  and  established  itself  on  a  new  plane. 

During  the  same  four-year  period  the  Model  School,  now 
called  the  Training  School,  reduced  to  eight  elementary  grades, 
barely  held  its  own  in  numbers.  Before  1922  there  had  been  a 
waiting  list  of  pupils  whose  parents  applied  for  admission  when 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  93 

room  would  permit.  In  this  period  the  waiting  list  disappeared, 
the  Parent-Teacher  Association  dissolved,  and  children  complet- 
ing their  work  in  the  Training  School  began  to  look  forward  to 
their  entrance  into  Madison  High.  Within  the  same  period  the 
demand  upon  the  Training  School  for  student  teaching  had 
exactly  doubled,  and  the  College  began  to  launch  out  more 
strongly  than  ever  in  the  preparation  of  high  school  teachers. 

At  the  time  the  Model  High  School  was  abolished  in  1922 
Eastern  was  doing  very  little  toward  the  preparation  of  high 
school  teachers.  But  the  school  was  just  then  extending  its  cur- 
riculum to  cover  four  years  of  college.  The  student-body  was 
rapidly  increasing  in  numbers,  and  the  demands  upon  the  Train- 
ing School  were  in  proportion.  The  High  School  had  been  given 
up  just  at  the  time  when  the  need  for  it  was  beginning. 

Up  to  this  point  four  critic  teachers  had  taught  the  eight 
elementary  grades  and  supervised  student  teaching.  In  Jan- 
nary,  1923,  a  fifth  critic  was  added  to  the  staff;  and  in  three 
years  more  the  school  had  been  forced  to  employ  a  teacher  for 
each  of  the  nine  grades  then  in  the  Trailing  School. 

For  the  school  year  1924-25  the  Director  was  given  a  leave 
of  absence  with  a  General  Education  Board  scholarship.  Dur- 
ing his  leave  Mr.  M.  E.  Mattox  acted  as  director.  The  Junior 
High  School  for  grades  seven,  eight,  and  nine  was  organized  in 
September,  1925. 

An  agreement  was  entered  into  with  the  Richmond  Board 
of  Education  in  1926  for  the  extension  of  student  teaching  into 
the  city  school ;  but  the  plan  was  thwarted  when  a  group  of 
citizens  appeared  before  the  Board  with  a  petition  objecting  to 
the  agreement.  Finally,  in  1934  President  Donovan  and  Super- 
intendent O'Donnell  completed  arrangements  whereby  the  city 
school  would  assist  in  the  conduct  of  student  teaching  during 
crowded  terms,  and  127  student  teachers  did  three  hours  each 
in  the  city  schools  in  1934-35. 

The  increased  number  of  college  students  preparing  them- 
selves for  high  school  positions  soon  burdened  the  junior  high 
school  grades  of  the  Training  School  with  student  teachers  to 
such  an  extent"  that  it  became  desirable  to  relieve  the  situation 
by  restoring  the  senior  high  school  grades.     This  was  done  by 


94  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

President  Donovan  in  1930.  The  Normal  High  School,  which 
had  issued  teaching  certificates,  and  which  from  1927  to  1930 
had  granted  high  school  diplomas,  was  discontinued  in  the  latter 
year.  Three  of  its  faculty,  Mr.  Walker,  Mr.  Burns,  and  Mr. 
Bryant,  were  added  to  the  new  high  .school  staff. 

A  contract  was  entered  into  with  the  Madison  County  Board 
of  Education  wherehy  those  county  high  school  pupils  living 
nearer  to  Richmond  than  to  other  county  high  schools  might 
receive  free  tuition  in  the  Model  High  School,  the  county  paying 
the  Teachers  College  a  fee  of  ten  dollars  per  pupil  at  first,  but 
later  doubled.  Thus  after  twenty-four  years  of  .service  to  the 
community  and  to  the  Normal  School  and  Teachers  College, 
eight  of  which  had  been  without  a  standard  high  school,  the 
Training  School  was  reorganized  on  the  six-six  plan  with  four- 
teen full-time  teachers  and  once  more  had  a  standard,  accredited 
high  school. 

Quarters 

Walters  Collegiate  Institute  continued  its  spiritual  existence 
re-christened  as  the  Model  School  in  1906.  and  occupied  the 
same  quarters,  under  the  new  name  and  new  organization,  that 
it  had  been  occupying  for  the  five  previous  years  on  the  first  and 
second  floors  of  old  Central  University  building.  From  Septem- 
ber 11,  1906,  to  Christma.s,  1909,  the  school  continued  to  occupy 
these  rooms,  while  the  Normal  School  occupied  other  rooms  in 
the  same  building.  The  Director  of  the  Model  School  had  his 
office  on  the  second  floor  opposite  the  assembly  room,  but  the 
administrative  offices  of  the  Normal  were  located  in  Memorial 
Hall,  then  the  girls'  dormitory. 

The  Training  School  at  Eastern  has,  from  the  first,  been 
respected  in  the  choice  of  its  location.  In  January,  1910,  the 
school  was  moved  into  Roark  Hall,  a  new  building,  in  which 
there  were  rooms  specially  planned  for  the  Model  School.  Each 
room  had  a  telephone  leading  to  the  President's  office  on  the 
first  floor  ( the  President  was  then  the  director"),  and  there  were 
narrow,  raised  platforms  in  the  rear  of  the  rooms  built  for  the 
convenience  of  observation  classes. 

The  building  used  in  1930  exclusively  for  the  Training 
School   w;is  erected    in    1917-18,  during  the  World   War.   when 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  95 

money  values  were  rapidly  rising'.  It  cost  about  $60,000.00. 
The  contractors  defaulted,  and  their  bondsmen  completed  the 
building  with  some  rather  cheap  workmanship.  In  October, 
1918,  the  school  moved  from  Roark  Hall  into  this  edifice,  later 
named  James  W.  Cammack  building.  This,  the  first  training- 
school  building  in  Kentucky,  has  at  the  end  of  eighteen  years 
become  inadequate  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed. 
When  the  Model  High  School  was  reorganized  in  1980.  it  was 
given  the  same  rooms  in  old  Central  University  building  where 
it  had  its  inception  in  1906 — and  with  the  .same  janitor,  Iivin 
Gentry. 

Curriculum 

The  course  of  study  for  the  Model  School  printed  in  1907 
presented  such  a  splendid  outline  for  a  training  school  curricu- 
lum that  few  changes  have  been  made  with  respect  to  funda- 
mentals within  the  thirty  years.  The  new  course  set  a  high 
standard  for  Kentucky  schools.  While  primary  teachers  ad 
over  the  State  were  using  the  A.  B.  C.  method  of  teaching  chil- 
dren to  read,  the  Model  School  employed  a  method  "beginning 
with  action  sentences  consisting  of  one  word",  and  "the  pupils 
are  gradually  led  into  longer  and  more  difficult  sentences  woven 
into  stories  or  conversation.'' 

Miss  Lena  Gertrude  Ro  liig,  who  had  done  work  at  Wooster 
University,  taught  the  primary  grades  for  the  first  two  years. 
Her  methods  were  improved  upon  after  Miss  May  C.  Hansen 
became  primary  critic  in  1912.  She,  too,  began  the  process  of 
reading  with  meaningful  content  and  without  the  use  of  primer 
books;  but  she  added  the  analytic-synthetic  method  of  motivated 
drill  which  she  had  learned  in  the  Francis  Parker  training  school 
at  the  University  of  Chicago.  Hundreds  of  primary  teachers, 
having  mastered  these  methods  at  Eastern,  have  put  them  into 
practice  in  the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth.  Miss  Han- 
sen accepted  a  leave  of  absence  in  1928,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Margaret  Lingenfelser,  who  has  continued  the  excellent 
work  of  her  predecessors,  and  has  added  the  newer  feature  of 
developing  the  learning  processes  from  purposeful  activities  of 
the  children's  choice. 

The  Review  for  July,  1907,  announced  that  ''each  room  in 


96  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

the  Model  School  is  furnished  with  a  complete  small  library  of 
books  suitable  for  the  children  in  that  grade."  Among  the 
supplementary  readers  listed  for  the  second  grade  there  appeared 
two  sets  that  are  of  special  interest :  The  ' '  Tree  Dwellers ' ',  by 
Dopp,  and  the  "Early  Cave  Men",  by  the  same  author.  These 
books  are  still  in  use  in  the  second  grade  and  are  in  good  repair ; 
but  they  were  relegated  to  a  back  shelf  during  President  Crabbe's 
administration  for  the  very  interesting  reason  that  he  was  con- 
scientiously opposed  to  any  teaching  of  primitive  life,  even  in 
story  form.  The  Training  School  in  1935  had  about  3,000 
supplementary  books  in  the  different  classrooms,  and  a  library 
of  about  4,000  additional  well-chosen  books  for  general  reading. 

The  importance  of  "refined  English"  in  the  education  of 
youth  may  be  gleaned  from  these  sentences  found  in  the  intro- 
duction to  the  Model  School  number  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky 
Review  for  1907:  "The  Director  will  watch  with  zealous  care 
such  essentials  as  audible  reading,  writing,  spoken  and  written 
English.  Written  work  of  all  grades  will  be  daily  filed  in  the 
office,  subject  to  inspection  by  the  public."  The  teaching  of  no 
other  subject  received  so  much  attention.  "Language  is  taught 
in  connection  with  all  other  subjects" — sounds  very  modern. 
Then  follows  a  quotation  from  Dr.  Roark:  "Drill  in  fluent, 
correct,  and  refined  English  should  begin  for  each  pupil  the  day 
he  enters  school,  and  be  the  last  thing  done  for  him  when  he 
leaves  the  university." 

The  fundamentals  were  well  taught  from  the  first.  All 
courses  were  planned  with  sequence  and  continuity  that  contrib- 
uted to  the  wholesome  and  natural  development  of  children 
through  the  twelve  grades  of  school.  Nature  study  in  the  ele- 
mentary grades  and  science  in  high  school  were  outlined  for  each 
year;  and  so  Avere  the  subjects  of  mathematics,  history,  and 
literature.  Drawing  and  art  were  supervised  in  the  grades  and 
one  class  of  each  offered  in  high  school.  Vocal  music  was  like- 
wise taught  by  a  supervisor,  as  it  always  has  been  since  the  first. 

The  course  of  study  during  President  Roark 's  administra- 
tion (1906-10)  introduced  the  French  language  in  the  third 
grade,  and  offered  it  in  each  succeeding  grade  through  high 
school.     German,  first  taught   in  the  seventh  grade,   was  also 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  97 

offered  in  the  succeeding  years.  Four  years  of  Latin  and  two 
of  Greek  were  given  in  high  school — a  rather  humanistic  cur- 
riculum. 

The  Model  School  bulletin  for  1908  announced  that  "The 
high  school  course  is  arranged  to  combine  three  essential  compul- 
sory subjects  and  one  elective  subject  each  year  but  the  last, 
when  two  electives  are  allowed.  The  compulsory  subjects 
include  subjects  necessary  for  university  entrance.  An  elective 
course  must  be  chosen  for  not  less  than  two  successive  years.  A 
music  course  has  also  been  arranged  to  run  parallel  with  these 
courses  to  be  taken  as  an  elective." 

By  1910  the  offerings  in  high  school  had  simmered  down  to 
one  year  each  in  science  and  history ;  but  four  years  of  English, 
Latin,  and  mathematics  were  given.  Two  years  of  Greek  and 
two  of  Franch  were  still  in  the  curriculum.  "The  course 
covers",  the  catalog  stated,  "sixteen  units  as  defined  by  the 
College  Entrance  Examination  Board,  as  follows :  English,  3 
units ;  Latin,  4  units ;  Greek,  2  units ;  Ancient  History,  1  unit ; 
Geometry,  1%  units;  Algebra,  1%  units;  German  or  French,  2 
units ;  and  Physics,  1  unit. ' '  These  requirements  seem  quite 
rigid  compared  to  the  present  ones  which  specify  only  three 
units  of  English  and  two  of  mathematics  as  required  with  the 
other  eleven  units  elective.  No  foreign  language  has  been  taught 
in  the  grades  since  the  "World  War,  and  no  German  in  the  high 
school.  Greek  had  been  dropped  from  the  high  school  before 
that  time. 

EXTRA-CURRICULAR 

Model  High  School  had  a  football  team  in  the  beginning 
years  of  its  existence,  and  again  in  the  last  years  before  its  dis- 
continuance in  1922.  It  had  baseball,  track,  and  basketball 
teams  also  in  the  years  between  1907-1912.  In  1919  the  school 
joined  the  Kentucky  High  School  Athletic  Association,  which  the 
writer  of  this  chapter  had  been  instrumental  in  organizing  in 
1916-17.  Previous  to  that  time  high  schools  in  the  State  had 
had  no  state-wide  organization  governing  the  ethical  conduct  of 
inter-scholastic  contests. 

Other    extra-curricular    activities    which    were    important 

E.  S.  T.  C— 4 


98  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

enough  in  the  life  of  the  school  to  leave  some  record  of  achieve- 
ment included  a  high  school  orchestra  and  a  dramatic  club. 

Club  activities  developed  with  the  rise  of  junior  high  schools 
and  the  changing  philosophy  of  education.  In  1915  the  writer 
had  introduced  the  six-six  plan  of  organization  in  the  second 
school  in  Kentucky  to  adopt  it.  When  he  came  to  the  Training 
School  as  director  in  1918  it  was  announced  in  the  Review  bul- 
letin that  the  Training  School  would  be  reorganized  on  that 
basis;  but  there  were  obstacles  in  the  way.  It  was  not  until 
1925  that  the  Junior  High  School  became  a  fact,  with  a  half 
dozen  clubs  of  the  pupils'  choice.     This  number  has  now  trebled. 

A  liberal  philosophy  has  governed  the  policies  of  the  school 
since  the  beginning,  in  spite  of  its  rigid,  academic,  high  school 
curriculum.  Col.  Crawford  announced  in  the  1907  Model  School 
Review  bulletin  that  "Physical  culture  and  military  training 
will  play  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  discipline  of  those  coming 
under  our  charge."  The  attractive  bulletin  published  a  year 
later  states  that  "The  rules  of  the  school  are  few  and  designed 
to  secure  the  greatest  good  to  the  greatest  number.  Each  pupil 
is  given  every  opportunity  for  self-control.  A  healthful  school 
spirit  is  fostered  and  every  effort  made  to  command  the  loyalty 
of  both  pupils  and  parents  of  the  school."  This  has  really  been 
the  policy  upon  which  the  government  of  the  school  has  rested 
from  that  time  to  this.  For  several  years  the  Director  of 
the  Training  School  has  announced  to  the  student  body  at  the 
beginning  of  every  term,  that  the  school  has  no  rules;  that  the 
pupils  are  supposed  to  do  as  they  please  so  long'  as  they  please 
to  do  right;  that  every  boy  is  expected  to  be  a  gentleman,  and 
every  girl  a  lady;  and  that  the  school  stands  for  three  ideals 
which  it  is  hoped  will  be  characterized  in  every  pupil :  namely, 
scholarship,  courteous  conduct,  and  personal  honesty. 

For  twenty-five  years  the  Training  School  had  a  ten  months 
school  year,  with  a  special  six  weeks  summer  term  until  1922. 
Beginning  1930-31,  the  length  of  the  school  year  has  been  made 
nine  months  witli  llie  special  six  weeks  summer  term  resumed. 

The  whole-hearted  support  of  the  school  by  its  patrons  was 
shown  in  the  management  of  the  art  exhibit  held  May  20  to  23, 
1909.     The  twenty  patronesses,  whose  names  appeared  on  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  99 

program,  and  the  sixteen  young  ladies  whose  names  appeared 
on  the  reception  committee,  sponsored  the  exhibit  in  the  Miller 
Gymnasium ;  Miss  Margaret  Lynch  was  chairman.  The  splendid 
collection  of  pictures  secured  by  these  ladies  from  the  proceeds 
of  the  exhibit  still  adorn  the  walls  of  the  classrooms  in  the  Train- 
ing School.  Very  few  other  pieces  of  art  have  been  added  to 
them  within  the  intervening  twenty-seven  years. 

The  organizers  of  the  Parent-Teacher  Association  the  next 
year  were  those  who  had  helped  to  make  the  art  exhibit  a  success. 
This  organization  contributed  to  a  wholesome  morale  in  the  school 
and  established  a  bond  of  understanding  between  the  community 
and  the  school  which  has  never  entirely  been  severed.  The  first 
meeting  was  held  November  25,  1910;  and  the  last  one  recorded 
in  the  minute  book  was  February  29,  1924.  Following  is  a 
record  copied  from  the  minutes  of  the  first  meeting:  "Dr. 
Crabbe  lead  the  discussion  with  talks  by  Mr.  MacBryde,  Miss 
Deverell,  Madame  Prowtrowska,  Miss  Patridge,  Miss  Green,  Mr. 
Robert  Burnam,  and  Judge  Lilly.  Mrs.  T.  S.  Burnam  was  made 
president  of  the  association,  and  Miss  Green,  secretary-treas- 
urer." Those  paying  clues  for  the  first  year  were  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Hagan,  Mrs.  T.  J.  Smith,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Park,  Mrs.  E.  W.  Powell 
Mrs.  Dr.  Vaught,  Mrs.  E.  Witt,  Mrs.  B.  L.  Banks,  Mrs.  C.  F. 
Chenault,  Mrs,  S.  L.  Deatherage,  Mrs.  T.  S.  Burnam,  Mrs.  John 
Arnold,  Mrs.  Henry  Perry,  Mrs.  II.  C.  Jasper,  Mrs.  L.  P.  Evans, 
Mrs.  Joe  Chenault,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Pates,  Mrs.  0.  W.  Hisle,  Mrs.  G. 
D.  Smith,  and  Miss  Jenny  L.  Green. 

For  the  year  1915-16  there  were  fifty-one  paid  memberships. 
From  the  minutes  one  would  conclude  that  all  the  speakers  were 
"interesting",  the  entertainment  "delightful",  and  the  refresh- 
ments "delicious".  In  fact,  the  programs  were  usually  of  a 
high  order  and  were  appreciated.  To  turn  through  the  minutes 
one  sees  such  items  as  these:  "Prof.  Marsteller  lectured  to  the 
Association  on  Rousseau's  EmAle";  "Dr.  Scanlon  gave  a  very 
interesting  talk  on  practical  morality,  followed  by  a  lively  dis- 
cussion, a  great  many  taking  part";  and  "the  Rev.  Homer  Car- 
penter gave  a  talk  on  music  and  its  place  in  the  community  life. ' ' 
More  than  one  program  included  "a  solo  by  Miss  Cynthia 
Davison. ' ' 

When  the  administration  of  the  Normal  changed  in  1916 


100  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

the  P.  T.  A.  sent  "a  committee  to  appear  before  the  Board  of 
Regents  and  express  to  them  the  parents'  appreciation  of  the 
work  done  by  the  Model  School  teachers,  and  to  ask  that  they 
be  unanimously  reappointed." 

Books  suitable  for  the  Model  School  children  were  purchased 
by  the  Association  and  placed  in  the  Normal  School  library  be- 
fore a  Training  School  library  was  established.  Playground 
equipment  was  also  installed  by  the  organization.  For  a  period 
of  about  two  years,  1916-18,  the  members  financed  and  managed 
a  noon-day  lunch  for  the  children ;  and  the  last  kindly  act  before 
the  association  adjourned,  sine  die,  was  to  contribute  a  first-aid 
medicine  cabinet  to  the  school.     It  is  still  in  daily  use. 

Those  who  served  as  presidents  of  the  Parent-Teacher  As- 
sociation during  its  life  time  were  as  follows :  For  1910-11,  Mrs. 
T.  S.  Burnam;  1911-12,  Mrs.  Thomas  Jafferson  Smith;  1912-13, 
Mrs.  Joe  Chenault ;  1913-14  and  from  1915  to  1917,  Mrs.  B.  H. 
Luxon;  1914-15,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Park;  1917-19,  Mrs.  J.  P.  Pates; 
1919-20,  Mrs.  Harry  Blanton;  1920-21,  Mrs.  Murrison  Dunn; 
1921-22,  Mrs.  Warfield  Bennett;  1922-23,  Mrs.  Frank  Clay; 
1923-24,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Brock. 

The  P.  T.  A.  was  reorganized  October  5,  1933,  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers  Avere  elected  to  serve  for  a  year  and  a  half:  Mrs. 
G.  Murray  Smith,  president ;  Miss  Ruby  Rush,  vice-president ; 
Mrs.  Turley  Noland,  secretary ;  and  Mrs.  James  W.  Deatherage, 
treasurer.  Officers  for  1935-36  are  Mrs.  James  J.  Shannon, 
president;  Miss  Eliza  Hanson,  vice-president;  Mrs.  Rodes  B. 
Terrill,  secretary ;  Mrs.  Oscar  Swofford,  treasurer. 

A  "Training  School  Children's  Room"  in  the  Pattie  A. 
Clay  Infirmary  was  equipped  in  1929  at  the  expense  of  $500.00, 
which  sum  was  raised  by  the  pupils. 

Professional  Service 

The  Normal  School  was  established  for  the  expressed  pur- 
pose of  training  teachers  for  the  public  schools  of  the  Common- 
wealth;  but  the  Training  School,  the  laboratory  where  the  prac- 
tical side  (if  the  1  raining  was  to  be  done,  t lie  "Model  School" 
where  the  "students  of  the  Normal  can  observe  the  best  work", 
was  offering  "the  advantages  of  a  select  private  school,"  and 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  101 

announcing  that   "military   training  will   play   a   conspicuous 
part." 

The  special  Model  School  number  of  the  Review  issued  in 
the  summer  of  1908  announced  in  bold  type,  "The  purpose  of 
the  Model  School  is  to  furnish  a  high  grade  preparatory  school 
for  the  people  of  the  community.  The  faculty  has  been  chosen 
with  that  end  in  view.  The  school  is  in  no  sense  a  practice  school 
and  no  practice  teaching  is  allowed.  Typifying,  as  it  does,  how- 
ever, the  best  methods  of  teaching,  Normal  students  are  required 
to  observe  the  work  in  all  grades  but  without  interfering  with 
the  regular  work  of  the  class." 

This  policy  was  soon  changed.  During  the  illness  of  Presi- 
dent Roark  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  January  12, 
1909,  "Mrs.  Roark  reported  that  a  practice  school  had  been  con- 
ducted by  Miss  Patridge  in  accordance  with  plans  for  same  pre- 
viously adopted,  and  that  the  school  was  a  success."  One  month 
later  at  another  meeting  of  the  Regents  the  question  arose  again, 
and  "Prof.  Jayne  in  connection  with  the  Acting  President  was 
authorized  to  organize  a  practice  school  without  delay". 

Professor  I.  W.  Jayne  had  succeeded  Col.  Crawford  as  Di- 
rector of  the  Training  School.  His  year  of  service  in  the  school 
appears  to  have  been  a  stormy  one.  At  the  June  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  charges  of  "insubordination"  were  brought 
against  him  by  the  acting  President.  The  records  show  that  he 
was  formally  "discharged"  after  a  whole  page  of  "whereas" 
had  been  spread  on  the  book,  one  of  which  noted  that  he  had 
already  accepted  another  position. 

Mr.  Jayne  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  E.  George  Payne,  a  man 
who  has  since  become  nationally  prominent  in  the  field  of  profes- 
sional education.  It  was  resolved  at  the  October,  1909,  meeting 
of  the  Regents,  "1st.  that  Dr.  E.  G-.  Payne  be  elected  Professor 
of  Pedagogy  and  Director  of  Training,  and  that  he  be  authorized 
to  organize  and  classify  the  observation  and  practice  work  of  the 
school;  2nd.,  that  the  Director  of  Training  shall  assign  Normal 
students  to  observation  work  in  the  Model  School,  and  also  assign 
Normal  students  to  practice  work  after  having  completed  obser- 
vation work  required  of  them." 

At  the  December  meeting,  "Upon  motion  the  Board  ap- 


102  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

proved  Dr.  Payne 's  plan  of  reorganizing  the  Model  and  Practice 
Schools  and  the  details  worked  out  by  him  and  Mrs.  Roark,  but 
retained  two  grades  to  each  teacher  and  the  only  extra  expense 
to  be  the  employment  of  Miss  Patridge,  and  one  assistant  in  the 
high  school". 

When  Dr.  Payne  resigned  at  the  end  of  the  school  year  the 
Board  passed  a  resolution  of  regret. 

President  Crabbe  came  to  the  Presidency  of  the  Normal  in 
1910,  and  immediately  took  into  his  own  hands  the  reins  of  the 
Director  of  the  Training  School  just  dropped  by  Dr.  Payne. 
Observation  1  and  2  and  Practice  Teaching  1  and  2  had  been 
added  to  the  curriculum.  From  that  day  to  this  the  school  has 
functioned  to  the  limit  of  its  capacity  in  the  training  of  teach- 
ers, and  in  the  education  of  children. 

The  "Year  Books"  and  summer  school  bulletins  for  1911 
and  1912,  contain  this  rather  pithy  paragraph  which  speaks  for 
itself:  ""While  even  the  most  ignorant  and  thoughtless  of  the 
general  public  seem  to  know  that  Normal  Schools  were  estab- 
lished for  the  purpose  of  training  teachers,  there  are  many  intel- 
ligent people,  including  some  teachers,  who  fail  to  recognize  the 
one  vital  point  of  difference  between  Normal  and  other  schools. 
Either  they  do  not  know  or  they  mil  not  see  that  the  great  dis- 
tinctive feature  of  a  Normal  school  is  the  opportunity  it  affords 
for  the  observation  of  the  teaching  process,  as  carried  on  in  the 
different  grades,  and  the  privilege  of  individual  practice." 

Then  follows  another  paragraph  which  expresses  very  poign- 
antly a  basic  principle  upon  which  the  entire  institution  is 
built:  "Academic  work  is  done  in  every  school,"  says  the 
writer,  "and  all  branches  of  learning  including  the  theory  of 
education,  may  be  pursued  in  other  institutions  of  learning ;  but 
only  in  a  Training  School  for  teachers  are  pupils  taught  the  art 
of  teaching  as  well  as  the  science,  and  given  systematic  instruc- 
tion in  both  theory  and  practice." 

The  October  Review  for  1912,  makes  the  following  clear-cut 

statement  of  objectives : 

This   institution  is   to  train   teachers  and   it   stands   for  four 
things: 

1.  A  high  standard  of  scholarship. 

2.  A  thorough  study  of  the  science  of  teaching. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  103 

3.  Observation  of  the  teaching  process  in  the  eight  grades 
and  high  school  of  the  Model  School. 

4.  Practice  teaching  under  competent  supervision. 

As  director  of  the  Training  School  President  Crabbe  super- 
vised its  administration  in  the  minutest  detail.  It  was  his  cus- 
tom every  morning  before  school  opened  to  visit  each  classroom, 
shake  hands  with  the  teacher,  and  pass  a  few  words  of  interest 
and  concern  relative  to  the  school  work.  Once  a  month  each 
teacher  filed  with  him  a  complete  synopsis  of  all  subject  matter 
covered  during'  the  month,  written  out  on  a  special  form  of 
legal-cap  paper.  Each  teacher  was  supplied  with  two  substan- 
tially bound  record  books,  one  for  attendance  and  the  other  for 
pupil  achievement  records.  These  were  used  for  nine  years, 
and  are  still  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Training  School. 

He  delegated  the  supervision  of  teacher  training  work  to 
Miss  Lelia  Patridge,  a  quaint  little  lady  and  a  delightful  soul, 
who  had  been  elected  to  the  Normal  School  faculty  in  1909.  She 
was  a  graduate  of  the  Framingham  (Mass.)  State  Normal  School, 
the  second  established  in  America,  and  had  acquired  a  rich 
experience  in  various  types  of  educational  work.  She  was  a 
devout  disciple  of  Colonel  Francis  Parker  and  of  his  philoso- 
phy of  education.  Her  two  books,  Quincy  Methods  and  Talks 
to  Teachers,  were  written  from  first-hand  knowledge  and  obser- 
vation in  his  school  at  Quincy,  Mass.,  and  later  in  the  Chicago 
Normal  School,  and  as  a  frequent  visitor  in  his  home. 

As  teacher  of  methods  in  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal 
School  for  a  period  of  eleven  years,  and  as  supervisor  of  practice 
and  observation  in  the  Training  School  for  the  first  part  of  that 
period,  she,  perhaps  more  than  any  other  person  ever  connected 
with  the  institution,  succeeded  in  teaching  a  philosophy  of  edu- 
cational method  which  time  and  experience  have  indorsed  as 
practical. 

At  a  time  when  teachers  almost  everywhere  were  having  pu- 
pils drawl  out  monotonous  hours  in  "audible  reading" — one  of 
the  training  school  objectives  laid  down  by  Col.  Crawford  in  1906 
■ — Miss  Patridge  appeared  like  a  torch  in  the  night,  exposing  fal- 
lacies in  the  old  method  and  showing  the  advantages  of  a  silent 
reading  method  in  all  grades.     She  lectured  and  she  demon- 


104  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

strated;  she  convinced  and  she  sent  teachers  into  the  schools  of 
the  state  who  really  improved  the  instruction  of  thousands  of 
children.  The  methods  of  teaching  reading  in  the  Training 
School  at  the  time  this  chapter  is  written  are  substantially  the 
same  as  those  introduced  by  Miss  Patridge. 

On  a  dark,  rainy  night  while  crossing  a  street  in  Richmond 
she  met  a  sudden  and  tragic  death.  She  had  willed  her  per- 
sonal belongings  to  her  friends,  and  her  estate  of  about  $8,000.00 
she  bequeathed  to  the  founding  of  a  home  for  those  like  herself, 
who,  when  they  had  grown  old  in  the  teaching  profession,  might 
have  a  comfortable  place  in  which  to  spend  their  last  days. 

The  professional  work  in  the  Training  School  during  most 
of  the  sixteen  years  from  the  beginning  of  the  Normal  until  it 
became  a  standard  college  included  two  ten-weeks  courses  in 
observation  and  two  ten-weeks  courses  in  practice  teaching.  The 
procedure  varied  somewhat  from  time  to  time,  but  that  was  the 
general  plan. 

Observation  1,  an  "orientation  course",  was  required  of  all 
students  in  the  Elementary  certificate  curriculum.  Students 
spent  two  weeks  in  each  grade,  kept  notebooks  in  which  they 
wrote  up  the  activities  observed,  and  discussed  methods  with  the 
supervisor  or  teacher  in  charge  of  the  class.  After  the  Model 
Rural  School  was  established  on  the  campus,  most  of  the  observa- 
tion for  this  group  was  done  in  it. 

Observation  2  was  required  in  the  Intermediate  certificate 
course.  It  was  conducted  very  much  like  Observation  1.  For 
most  of  the  first  ten  years  of  the  school  these  students  were 
assigned  to  the  four  elementary  critic  teachers,  divided  into  four 
groups,  and  went  the  "ring  around  the  rosie",  the  critic  teachers 
grading  their  notebooks.  After  the  administration  of  President 
Coates  had  continued  for  two  years,  a  Director  was  employed 
for  the  Training  School  to  take  this  burden  off  the  President, 
and  classes  in  observation  were  placed  under  the  direction  of 
this  man. 

Practice  Teaching  1  and  2  were  offered  in  the  Advanced 
certificate  curriculum.  Student  teachers  were  given  their  as- 
signment in  the  Training  School  by  the  Director.  A  course  in 
Observation  3  was  sometimes  offered  for  students  of  college  rank. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  105 

From  1921  up  to  the  present  time  one  college  course  in  Observa- 
tion has  been  given.  Before  1926  it  was  Observation  and  Partic- 
ipation, and  the  students  followed  the  old  plan  of  spending 
two  weeks  in  each  of  the  elementary  rooms.  After  1926  it  was  a 
course  in  Observation  and  Method,  and  was  differentiated  into 
three  cla.sses,  for  primary,  upper  grade,  and  rural  teachers 
respectively,  with  a  syllabus  outlining  the  work.  In  the  new 
revision  of  the  curriculum  which  went  into  effect  in  1931  this 
course  has  been  changed  to  "Fundamentals  in  Education"  and 
its  credit  value  doubled. 

Records  for  the  number  of  demonstration  lessons  taught  in 
the  Training  School  for  college  classes  have  been  kept  for  the 
last  ten  years  and  are  as  follows:  310  for  1926-27;  219  for 
1927-28 ;  258  for  1928-29 ;  278  for  1929-30 ;  266  for  1930-31 ;  384 
for  1931-32 ;  and  over  400  for  each  year  since  then. 

Practice  Teaching  1,  for  a  period  of  about  twelve  years, 
was  clone  in  all  eight  grades,  two  or  three  weeks  in  each  room, 
one  hour  of  teaching  each  day  plus  another  hour  for  conference 
with  the  critic  teacher  or  supervisor.  The  second  ten  weeks 
term  of  Practice  Teaching  2,  while  not  always  required,  was 
offered  in  the  grade  or  subjects  which  prepared  the  candidate  for 
the  kind  of  position  he  intended  to  hold.  For  the  past  fourteen 
years  1  and  2  have  both  been  required  in  a  combined  course 
carrying  five  semester  hours  credit,  and  the  work  has  all  been  in 
the  grades  or  subjects  in  which  the  student  teacher  is  majoring, 
except  for  the  past  two  years  when  standard  certificate  people 
were  permitted  to  take  three  hours  in  one-half  semester.  Since 
the  expansion  of  the  training  facilities  and  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  supervising  teachers  not  more  than  three  student  teachers 
are  assigned  to  any  room  for  the  same  period,  and  not  more  than 
nine  for  the  semester. 

Training  Rural  Teachers 

The  crying  need  in  Kentucky  for  better  rural  teachers  has 
been  recognized  by  this  institution  from  the  first.  An  arrange- 
ment was  made  with  the  Madison  County  school  authorities  in 
1909  for  the  use  and  control  of  the  Watts  rural  school  located  on 
the  Lancaster  pike  about  three  miles  from  the  campus. 


106  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

An  interesting  description  of  the  school  is  given  in  the  April 
Review  for  that  year:  "The  County  Training  School,  recently 
organized,  has  a  full  attendance.  .  .  .  Several  mild  innovations 
in  country  schools  have  been  mildly  introduced,  such  as  written 
spelling  and  supplementary  reading.  One  member  of  the  train- 
ing class  accompanies  Miss  Patridge  each  day  and  teaches  under 
h,er  supervision.  During  the  ride  back  and  forth  the  time  is 
used  in  discussing  plans  and  methods." 

The  relationship  with  the  Watts  school  was  terminated  after 
a  few  years.  On  September  8,  1912,  the  Regents  authorized 
President  Crabbe  ' '  To  begin  the  work  of  building  a  model  rural 
school  building  by  asking  for  preliminary  sketches  and  bids  for 
same  at  the  earliest  possible  date."  For  some  unknown  cause 
the  building  was  not  constructed  until  1929  when  the  Regents 
repeated  the  authorization  to  President  Donovan,  who  had  the 
new  brick,  one-teacher,  model  school  building  erected  on  the 
college  farm  near  the  campus.  The  Madison  County  Board  of 
Education  turned  over  to  the  Teachers  College  the  Watts  school 
district.  A  new  school  bus  was  purchased  and  free  transporta- 
tion was  provided  for  the  children  of  this  district. 

In  January,  1918,  President  Coates  organized  a  one-teacher 
rural  school  on  the  campus  at  Eastern.  A  room  for  the  school 
was  first  taken  in  the  basement  of  Roark  Hall,  the  same  building 
that  housed  the  Training  School  at  that  time.  But  when  the 
Library  moved  into  the  new  Training  School  building  in  October, 
1918,  the  Model  Rural  School  occupied  all  of  the  old  Central 
University  Academy  building  vacated  by  the  Library.  Miss 
Mariam  Noland  taught  this  school  with  rural  children,  all  eight 
grades,  until  it  was  discontinued  in  1922. 

President  Coates  made  a  contract  with  the  Madison  County 
Board  of  Education  for  joint  operation  of  Kavanaugh  rural 
school  on  the  Irvine  pike  in  1921.  The  Green's  Chapel  school 
on  Barnes  Mill  pike  was  added  to  the  contract  in  1923.  Both 
of  these  schools  remained  part  of  the  Training  School  organiza- 
tion until  1929.  A  bus  was  operated  on  a  regular  schedule 
between  them  and  the  campus.  Classes  went  out  to  observe  and 
student  teachers  to  practice.  During  a.  brief  period  of  about 
one  year  each,  from  1921  to  1923,  Mr.  C.  D.  Lewis  and  Mr.  W.  L. 
Jayne  supeiwised  rural  training  work  and  headed  what  was 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         107 

called  a  department  of  rural  education.  The  Director  of  the 
Training  School  supervised  these  schools,  bath  in  their  adminis- 
trative and  professional  aspects  at  all  other  times. 

Beginning'  in  1931  rural  education  at  Eastern  offered  for 
the  first  time  a  curriculum  leading  to  a  degree  and  preparing 
teachers,  supervisors,  county  superintendents  and  consolidated 
principals  for  the  specific  duties  of  this  most  neglected  field  of 
public  education. 

The  transition  through  which  the  Training  School  has 
passed  during  the  first  quarter  century  of  its  history  marks  a 
change  in  educational  ideals  and  practices  from  that  of  the 
private  school,  as  represented  in  Walters  Collegiate  Institute,  to 
that  of  a  more  democratic  education  as  typified  in  the  State's 
public  school  system.  The  organization  of  the  school  has  been 
changed  from  the  conventional  eight-four  plan,  which  had  its 
origin  in  the  German  Volkschule  and  the  English  academy,  to 
the  six-six  plan  of  American  origin,  which  has  the  advantage  of 
a  better  integrated  program.  In  September,  1934,  a  nursery- 
kindergarten  room  was  added  under  the  stimulation  of  the  Fed- 
eral Emergency  Relief  Administration.  The  methods  of  instruc- 
tion have  progressed  with  the  changing  philosophy  of  education. 
The  school  has  taken  advantage  of  the  results  of  scientific 
resarch  in  education  made  available  during  this  rapidly  evolving 
period.  The  results  of  standardized  tests,  first  introduced  in 
1920  and  used  consistently  since  that  time,  show  the  scholastic 
standing  of  pupils  in  the  Training  School  to  be,  on  the  average, 
up  to  or  above  that  for  the  country  as  a  whole.  "While  the  num- 
ber of  pupils  in  the  school  has  been  limited,  for  most  of  the 
time,  to  thirty  to  the  grade,  the  expansion  made  necessary  by 
the  demands  of  the  college  has  almost  trebled  the  numbers  and 
has  increased  the  full  time  teaching  staff  to  seventeen.  These 
first  thirty  years  record  a  struggle,  a  metamorphosis  and  a  sud- 
den burst  of  approval  for  public  education  and  for  better  trained 
teachers  in  Kentucky.  The  Training  School  has  played  a  con- 
spicuous part  in  this  advancement. 


108 


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CHAPTER  VI 

THE  LIBRARY 
Mary  Floyd 

A  library  is  an  orderly  group  of  books  kept  in  lively 
and  intelligent  service.  It  might  well  be  defined  as  the  cen- 
tral laboratory  of  culture,  an  intelligent  community  center  for 
student  and  faculty.     Silas  Evans:     The  Effective  College. 

The  above  quotation  embodies  the  philosophy  concerning 
Eastern's  Library  as  often  expressed  in  the  various  school  bul- 
letins. The  history  of  the  library  follows  so  closely  the  story  of 
the  growth  of  the  entire  college,  the  change  in  curriculum,  and 
the  demands  placed  upon  it  by  modern  teaching  methods  that  it 
is  difficult  to  consider  it  separately.  For  the  sake  of  clarity, 
however,  in  recording  historical  facts,  this  chapter  will  be  divided 
into  four  parts :  building  and  equipment,  book  stock,  library 
staff,  and  relationship  of  library  to  college. 

Building  and  Equipment 

In  1907  the  library  was  located  on  the  campus  in  a  small, 
brick  building  known  as  Walter's  Collegiate  Institute.  Early 
in  the  history  of  the  school  the  Board  of  Regents  attempted,  in 
cooperation  with  the  city  of  Richmond,  to  secure  a  Carnegie 
Library.  This  movement  was  not  successful;  so  the  Walter's 
Collegiate  Institute  housed  the  library  until  the  fall  of  1918, 
when  it  was  removed  to  the  front  half  of  the  Training  School, 
or  Cammack  Building.  It  remained  there  until  the  John  Grant 
Crabbe  Library,  a  fire-proof,  two-story  brick  and  stone  structure, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $55,332.55,  was  completed  and  ready  for  use 
in  September,  1924. 

In  the  Library  Bulletin  issued  in  1928  this  new  building  Is 
described  as  follows : 

On  the  main  floor  of  the  building  are  the  lobby,  the  delivery 
desk,  the  stack  room,  two  large  reading  rooms,  reference  room, 
the  Librarian's  office  and  the  catalog  room.  In  the  lobby  into 
which  the  delivery  desk  extends  are  the  card  catalog  cabinets 
.  .  .  Immediately  at  the  rear  of  the  charging  desk  is  the  stack 


110         Three  Decades  of  Progress 

room,  equipped  with  steel  stacks.  Here  the  main  collection  of 
books  in  the  Library  is  kept.  The  mezzanine  floor  at  either  end 
of  the  stack  room  leads  to  six  seminar  and  laboratory  rooms. 

In  the  basement  directly  beneath  the  catalog  room  is  a 
storage  room  with  dumb  waiter  leading  down  from  the  catalog 
room,  where  books  may  be  unpacked,  cleaned,  repaired,  and 
rebound.  Other  rooms  in  the  basement  are  a  large  assembly 
room;  a  room  located  to  the  left  for  classes  in  library  methods, 
and  a  children's  library  occupying  the  room  to  the  right  of  the 
assembly  room. 

This  building-,  though  ample  at  first,  was  inadequate  to  meet 
the  needs  of  faculty  and  students  by  1930.  The  increased  enroll- 
ment, extended  curriculum,  and  the  laboratory  methods  of  teach- 
ing had  put  new  demands  on  the  library.  More  reading  room 
space  was  needed,  a  reserve  room  with  open  shelves  was  a  neces- 
sity, and  more  shelf  space  in  the  stacks  had  to  be  provided  in 
order  to  give  efficient  service. 

President  Donovan  and  the  library  staff  considered  the  pos- 
sibility of  the  erection  of  a  new  building,  with  the  idea  of  using 
the  present  one  for  the  Department  of  Fine  Arts.  However, 
limitations  on  state  revenues  during  the  depression  made  it  neces- 
sary to  consider  an  addition  to  the  library  rather  than  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  building.  No  building  appropriations  were  being 
made  by  the  State  Legislature. 

During  1933-34  the  Federal  Government  provided  huge 
sums  for  building  programs  in  an  attempt  to  give  work  to  the 
unemployed  in  every  locality.  Upon  investigation  of  the  amount 
of  employment  needed  for  the  various  crafts  in  Richmond  it 
was  found  that  the  need  of  the  college  for  an  addition  to  the 
library  could  be  combined  with  Federal  aid  for  the  unemployed 
in  the  community.  A  formal  application  for  funds  was  first  sub- 
mitted to  the  State  Advisory  Board  of  the  Federal  Emergency 
Relief  Administration  of  Public  Works  on  October  17,  1933. 
Additional  data  were  furnished  from  time  to  time  as  requested 
by  the  Government. 

On  July  18,  1931,  the  Board  of  Regents  formally  accepted 
a  loan  and  grant  agreement  to  the  amount  of  $S9,000.00 ;  and 
this  agreement  was  approved  by  the  Federal  authorities  on 
August  4,  1934.  This  was  a  combination  of  30','  grant  and 
70%  long- time  loan  to  be  paid  from  student  library  fees  over  a 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  131 


INTERIOR    OP    READING    ROOM— NEW    LIBRARY    ADDITION 


n 


■ 


, 


JOHN    GRANT    CRABBE    LIBRARY 

The    above    photograph    shows     the    library    after     the     new    addition, 
doubling  its  former  capacity,    was  completed  in   1935. 


112  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

period  of  twenty  years.     The  total  cost  of  the  library  addition 
was  approximately  $100,000.00. 

In  connection  with  the  architect's  problems  of  size,  propor- 
tion, and  materials  to  conform  to  the  old  building,  the  questions 
of  light,  heat,  and  ventilation  were  discussed  before  any  plans 
were  made.  Other  things  necessary  from  the  library  point  of 
view  were:  one  large  room  with  open  shelves  for  reserve  books; 
an  equally  large  reference  room ;  additional  space  for  the  Ken- 
tucky collection  and  the  Training  School  Library ;  a  faculty 
study ;  conference  and  seminar  rooms ;  reading  carrels  in  the 
main  stacks;  and  physical  arrangements  that  would  allow  for 
open  stacks  for  all  books,  with  privacy  for  library  work  and 
protection  from  loss  of  books. 

The  architects,  S.  K.  and  C.  C.  Weber,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
were  generous  in  submitting  plans  to  meet  these  needs  and  in 
making  adjustments  from  time  to  time  for  improvements.  The 
contract  for  the  library  addition  was  let  on  September  12,  1934. 
On  November  4,  1934,  Mr.  E.  C.  Harding,  of  Fort  Thomas,  Ken- 
tucky, arrived  as  Government  engineer  for  P.  W.  A.  Project 
Number  2339,  and  excavation  began  on  November  13,  1931, 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Leo  J.  Brailmeyer,  general  contractor. 

Various  parts  of  the  building  were  finished  and  books  were 
moved  at  intervals  from  September,  1935.  until  the  final  opening 
of  the  entire  building  for  service  on  January  17,  1936.  This 
made  it  possible  to  keep  all  departments  open  for  use  during  the 
period  of  building  and  remodeling.  On  January  27,  1936,  the 
library  staff  gave  a  party  to  the  faculty  and  entire  school  staff 
to  acquaint  them  with  arrangement  and  policies.  The  formal 
dedication  is  to  be  included  in  the  program  celebrating  thirty 
years  of  progress  in  teacher-training  at  Eastern. 

According  to  the  editor  of  the  Eastern  Progress,  "The  new 
library  is  more  than  a  receptacle  for  books.  It  is  a  magnificent 
edifice  fashioned  with  so  much  intelligence  and  foresight  that  it 
serves  as  a  sort  of  temple  of  learning. '•' 

The  general  plan  was  to  extend  the  old  building  from  the 
rear,  duplicating  the  floor  space  and  adding  eight  feet  through 
th,e  middle  to  allow  for  side  entrances  and  to  give  balance  to  the 
structure.     This  more  than  doubles  the  stack  space  in  the  center 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  113 

of  the  building,  allowing  for  five  tiers  to  care  for  future  expan- 
sion. The  main  charging  desk  and  the  two  reading  rooms  on 
either  side  remain  according  to  the  old  plan.  The  office,  staff 
room,  catalog  room,  mending  room,  and  a  class  room,  are  located 
on  the  east  side  of  the  building  near  the  service  door.  This  suite 
of  rooms  serves  as  a  private  workshop,  with,  dumb  waiter  open- 
ings on  the  first  floor  into  the  stacks  and  into  the  vestibule  near 
the  service  door,  and  with  second-floor  openings  for  the  stacks 
and  the  catalog  room.  The  librarian's  office  has  an  entrance 
from  the  front  reading  room.  It  also  has  doors  leading  into  the 
stacks  and  into  the  vestibule  connecting  with  the  stairs  and  all 
th,e  other  rooms  on  this  side  of  the  building. 

The  west  entrance  to  the  building  is  more  imposing.  Stair- 
ways lead  from  a  vestible  to  the  upper  and  lower  corridors  that 
connect  all  parts  of  the  building  open  to  the  public.  On  this 
side  are  located :  on  the  first  floor,  the  Training  School  room, 
work  room,  and  a  large  reserve  room;  on  the  second  floor,  the 
faculty  room,  conference  and  the  reference  room ;  and  on  the 
third  floor,  the  Kentucky  room.  The  chief  ambition  in  planning 
the  entire  building  program  has  been  realized  in  the  two  large 
rooms  (34  feet  by  94  feet)  on  the  first  and  second  floors,  extend- 
ing the  whole  width  of  the  building  on  the  south  side. 

The  Reference  Room  on  the  second  floor  is  a  spacious  and 
beautiful  room,  finished  in  blending  sepia  tones  from  the 
weathered  brown  of  the  furniture  to  the  old  ivory  and  soft  tans 
combined  in  the  ceiling.  Venetian  blinds  regulate  the  light  from 
seven  large  windows  on  the  south  side  and  three  at  either  end 
of  the  room.  Five  large  decorative  ceiling  light  fixtures  of  the 
suspended  bowl  type  in  openwork  pattern  backed  up  with  cathe- 
dral amber  panels  were  designed  to  provide  artificial  illumina- 
tion. 

The  ceiling  is  divided  into  panels  by  two  highly  embellished 
beams  supported  by  massive  ornamental  brackets.  A  cornice 
in  decorative  plastering  has  alternating,  rubbed  vermillion 
squares  and  oblong  medallions  with  acanthus  motif  at  the  top 
and  conventionalized  leaf  design,  roll  molding  at  the  bottom. 
Seven  larger  medallions  adorn  the  space  above  the  south 
windows,   alternating  the  scroll  and  urn-patterns.     Occasional 


114  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

wall  panels  are  outlined  with  the  acanthus  motif  in  decorative 
plastering,  with  the  hope  that  at  some  future  time  appropriate 
murals  will  decorate  the  walls. 

Special  furniture  of  plain  sawed  red  oak  was  designed  for 
the  reference  room.  Adjustable  wall  shelves  will  accommodate 
6,000  volumes.  Comfortable  chairs  reflecting  the  early  English 
library,  and  eighteen  ten-foot  pedestal-type  tables,  equipped  with 
eight-foot  table  lamps  for  local  illumination,  will  accommodate 
144  readers  at  one  time. 

The  cork  tile  Moor,  in  conventional  blocks  of  tan  and  brown, 
aids  in  making  this  room  a  quiet  and  satisfying  place  to  study. 
Heat  and  ventilation  are  regulated  by  thermostat  control. 

Entrance  into  the  main  stacks  from  the  reference  room  is 
provided  for  by  double  doors  that  balance  the  entrance  from  the 
corridor  into  the  room.  This  plan  allows  stack  privi'eges  for 
everyone  who  really  wants  to  bronse  and  locate  his  own  books, 
and  it  also  gives  protection  from  loss  of  books  by  requiring  all 
readers  to  return  from  the  stacks  through  this  room  where  their 
books  are  examined  as  they  leave  by  way  of  the  corridor  exit. 

The  reserve  room  on  the  first  floor  is  a  duplication  of  the 
reference  room  on  the  second  floor  in  size  and  equipment,  except 
that  it  has  a  lower,  unornamented  ceiling.  In  addition  to  the 
reserve  books  this  room  provides  open  shelves  for  bound  maga- 
zines. 

High  hopes  have  gone  into  the  planning  of  this  building  to 
the  end  that  all  books  may  be  "kept  in  lively  and  inte  ligent 
service." 

Book  Stock 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Kentucky  Library  Commis- 
sion in  1933  for  forty-two  Kentucky  colleges  and  university 
libraries,  Eastern  Teacheis  College  Library  ranks  first  among 
the  Teachers  Colleges,  and  fifth  among  all  the  colleges  and  uni- 
versities in  the  state,  in  total  book  stock,  those  ranking  above 
Eastern  being  the  University  of  Kentucky,  Berea  College,  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  the  University  of  Lou- 
isville, and  Transylvania  College. 

The  [-.cession  records  .show  that  1,050  books  were  added  to 
the  library  between  June  15,  1907,  and  January  1,  1908.     At 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         115 

the  end  of  ten  years  the  library  contained  about  6,000  volumes ; 
at  the  end  of  twenty  years  about  19,500  volumes ;  and  at  the  end 
of  thirty  years  more  than  45,000  volumes.  This  is  an  average  of 
about  1,000  books  added  annually  for  the  first  twenty  years,  and 
an  average  of  about  2,500  volumes  added  annually  for  the  past 
ten  years.  According  to  existing  records  the  purchase  of  books 
and  equipment  during  the  early  history  followed  no  definitely 
established  policy. 

On  March  15,  1907,  the  Board  of  Regents  authorized  their 
Executive  Committee  to  buy  such  library  and  laboratory  sup- 
plies as  they  deemed  necessary.  In  September  of  that  same 
year  the  Board  directed  that  a  sum  amounting  to  .$500.00  be 
expended  on  the  purchase  of  books.  Again  in  March,  1909, 
there  is  mention  of  instruction  having  been  given  to  the  librarian 
to  submit  a  list  of  books  to  the  business  director,  their  cost  not 
to  exceed  $200.00.  A  fund  of  $60.00  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Library  of  Southern  Literature  is  mentioned  in  the  June,  1909, 
minutes  of  the  Board  of  Regents ;  and  in  a  similar  manner  all 
purchases  for  the  Library  were  taken  care  of  until  1918.  At 
that  time  a  regular  annual  appropriation  was  begun. 

Since  1924  there  has  been  an  annual  appropriation  of 
$6,000  made  by  the  Board  of  Regents  for  Library  books  and 
equipment,  with  additional  appropriations  at  irregular  times,  as 
money  was  available  and  demands  seemed  to  justify  this  con- 
sideration. 

In  addition  to  the  main  collection  for  circulation,  the  library 
has  a  reference  collection  of  about  3,000  volumes  and  3,811 
bound  magazines.  It  also  has  a  textbook  collection  of  some 
2,000  volumes;  a  collection  of  Kentuckiana  containing  2,769 
volumes;  and  a  Training  School  Library  with  more  than  5,000 
books  suitable  for  the  grades  and  junior  high  school.  All  books 
are  classified  according  to  the  Dewey  Decimal  System. 

In  1908  the  library  subscribed  for  39  periodicals ;  in  1936 
the  periodical  lists  included  220  carefully  selected  and  well 
balanced  titles  according  to  department  needs,  supplemented  by 
ten  newspapers  on  the  racks  for  daily  use. 

The  year  1918  was  a  turning  point  in  the  history  of  the 
Library  of  Eastern,  for  it  is  in  the  yearbook  for  1918  that  a 


116  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Library  Committee  is  first  mentioned.  This  committee  was  com- 
posed of  Miss  Reid,  the  librarian,  Mr.  McDougle,  Dr.  Bruner, 
Mr.  Grinstead,  Mr.  Edwards,  Mr.  Keith,  and  President  Coates 
as  ex-officio  member.  The  present  Library  Committee  includes 
the  following  members :  President  II.  L.  Donovan ;  Mary 
Floyd,  Librarian  and  Chair-man  of  the  Committee ;  R.  A.  Ed- 
wards, Secretary  to  the  Committee ;  and  Dean  W.  C.  Jones,  Edith 
Ford,  Smith  Park,  Roy  B.  Clark,  Meredith.  Cox,  C.  A.  Keith, 
L.  G.  Kennamer,  T.  E.  McDonougk,  and  Dean  Rumbold.  Meet- 
ings, as  scheduled  in  the  college  catalog,  are  to  be  held  the  first 
Tuesday  in  each  calendar  month. 

Each  teacher  has  full  privilege  in  selecting  books  particular- 
ly suited  for  his  work  and  in  presenting  such  requests  to  mem- 
bers of  the  committee.  All  departmental  requests  are  given 
consideration  in  proportion  to  the  budget  for  that  particular 
department  and  to  the  number  of  books  of  similar  nature  avail- 
able in  the  library.  Assistant  librarians  in  the  different  depart- 
ments are  expected  to  recommend  books  needed  to  meet  the  de- 
mands in  their  respective  departments.  These  books  constitute  a 
most  usable  collection  with  a  minimum  of  "dead  material,"  and 
rate  well  above  the  average  when  checked  with  the  standards  set 
up  in  Rosenlof's  Library  Facilities  of  Teacher-Training  Insti- 
tutions and  in  Shaw's  A  List  of  Books  for  College  Libraries. 

The  library  is  open  daily  from  7  :30  A.  M.  until  5  :30  P.  M. 
(except  Sundays)  and  at  night  from  6:00  until  9:00  P.  M. 
(except  Saturday  and  Simday  nights).  The  circulation  in- 
crease has  been  proportionate  to  the  increase  in  book  stock  and 
enrollment,  as  may  be  seen  from  these  figures :  3,700  for  the 
school  year  of  1907-08;  7,120  for  1908-1909;  13,560  for  1918- 
1919;  174,000  for  1928-1929;  and  191,917  for  1934-1935,  not 
counting  the  readers  in  the  reference  and  periodical  department 
where  the  daily  average  would  run  well  above  400  readers. 

Special  mention  should  be  made  concerning  the  Training 
School  Library  and  the  Kentucky  Collection.  The  Training 
School  Library  is  more  than  a  juvenile  library  because  it  serves 
as  a  laboratory  for  college  students  in  the  children's  literature 
classes  and  for  those  college  students  doing  practice  teaching. 
These  books  have  been  selected  with  great  care.     The  Winnetka, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         117 

Terman-Lima,  Standard  Catalog  and  other  lists  have  been 
checked  from  year  to  year  in  an  effort  to  keep  in  touch  with  the 
best  books  available  for  purchase. 

The  Kentucky  Collection,  including  the  John  "Wilson  Town- 
send  collection,  contains  2,769  books,  innumerable  pamphlets, 
pictures,  and  letters  about  Kentucky  or  by  Kentuckians.  In 
1913  Mr.  Townsend  published  Kentucky  in  American  Letters. 
It  was  necessary  for  him  to  collect  books  about  Kentucky  to 
examine  before  he  knew  what  he  wanted  to  include  in  these 
two  volumes.  Many  authors  sent  copies  of  their  books  gratis. 
His  own  interest  in  Kentucky  literature  was  greatly  increased 
by  his  association  with  Colonel  R.  T.  Durrett,  of  Louisville, 
whose  valuable  collectiou  of  Kentuckiana  is  now  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago. 

After  the  publication  of  Kentucky  in  American  Letters,  Mr. 
Townsend 's  collecting  did  not  cease,  but  continued  as  a  hobby 
that  occupied  the  best  part  of  thirty  years  of  his  life.  His  chief 
objectives  were  to  secure  first  editions  of  Kentucky  items  in  mint 
condition,  to  have  them  autographed  by  the  authors,  and  to  in- 
sert some  sort  of  annotation  and  a  letter  from  the  author  in  each 
volume. 

This  unique  library  of  more  than  1700  books  was  purchased 
in  1930  by  Eastern  to  be  kept  as  a  special  research  collection.  It 
is  constantly  being  added  to  by  the  purchase  of  "first  editions" 
as  they  come  from  the  press  and  old  or  ' '  rare ' '  books  available  at 
reasonable  prices,  A  special  book  plate  for  this  collection  was 
designed  in  compliment  to  Mr.  Townsend  by  a  personal  friend 
of  his.  Mr.  Sudduth  Goff,  a  native  of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  now 
connected  with  the  Art  Institute  of  Chicago,  took  the  design,  by 
request,  from  a  medal  given  to  Mr.  Townsend  by  his  alma  mater, 
Transylvania  University. 

Staff 

The  present-day  librarian  is  not  proud  and  complacent  in 
the  mere  possession  of  books  and  an  adequate  physical  plant. 
The  real  value  of  a  college  library  is  largely  determined  by  the 
library  staff  in  cooperation  with  the  administration  and  the 
teaching  staff.     The  librarians  must  be  more  than  keepers  of 


118  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

books,  and  every  true  teacher  must  be  something  of  a  librarian 
in  that  he  has  that  knowledge  and  love  of  books  that  he  desires 
to  impart  to  others. 

On  June  4,  1907,  Miss  Ada  Barter,  a  graduate  of  the  School 
of  Library  Service  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  began  her  work 
as  Librarian.  Thus,  "in  the  beginning''  definite  provisions 
were  made  for  efficient  library  service,  with  one  of  the  eleven 
faculty  members  devoting  full  time  to  the  library.  The  state- 
ment that  all  libraries  have,  like  Topsy,  "just  growed  up"  does 
not  apply  to  Eastern.  Miss  Barter  served  as  librarian  until 
December,  1911,  when  she  resigned  and  was  married. 

Miss  Mary  Estelle  Reid,  a  graduate  of  Liberty  College,  Glas- 
gow, Kentucky,  with  additional  work  in  German,  French,  and 
Library  Administration  at  the  University  of  Nashville,  Tenn- 
essee, was  employed  as  librarian  at  that  time  and  filled  that  office 
efficiently  until  her  death  in  August,  1929. 

The  present  library  staff  is  composed  of  four  full-time  libra- 
rians, and  from  ten  to  twenty  part-time  student  assistants.  Each 
librarian  holds  a  professional  degree  from  an  accredited  library 
school  in  addition  to  her  college  degree.     The  staff  are : 

Mary  Floyd,  A.  B.,  M.  A.,  B.  S.,  in  Library  Service,  Li- 
brarian, 1929  to  date,  Associated  Prof essor  of  History ;  on  leave 
of  absence  for  fall  semester,  1931,  and  spring  semester,  1933 ; 

Isabel  Bennett,  A.  B.,  B.  S.  in  Library  Science,  Circulation 
Librarian,  1921  to  date ;  on  leave  1927-1929  and  the  spring 
semester,  1930 ; 

Frances  Mason,  A.  B.,  A.  B.  in  Library  Science,  Training 
School  Librarian,  June,  1931,  to  date; 

Mrs.  Guy  Whitehead,  B.  S.,  B.  S.  in  Library  Science,  Refer- 
ence Librarian,  Summer  1931  to  date. 

According  to  the  school  bulletins  the  following  people  have 
served  on  the  regular  staff: 

Hallie  Day  Bach,  1929-1930,  Cataloger. 

Virginia  Bickley,  January  to  June,  1931,  Reference. 

Edith  Burns,  nine  weeks,  Spring  term,  1931,  Training 
School. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  119 

Clara  Davies,  1930-1932,  full  time  instructor  in  Library 
Science. 

Elinor  Foster,  1928-1929,  Training  School  Librarian,  and 
Instructor  in  Library  Science. 

Marian  Leatherman,  Spring  Session,  1930,  Reference. 

Bess  Moore,  1927-1930,  Circulation. 

Prances  Elizabeth  Newman,  1927-1929,  Training  School. 

Alliegordon  Park,  Summer  Sessions,  1933. 

Nancy  Richardson,  1930-1934,  Cataloger. 

Camille  Semonin,  Summer  Sessions,  1930,  Reference. 

Elizabeth  Simpkins,  Spring  and  Summer  Sessions,  1930, 
Training  School. 

Carrie  M.  Waters,  1921-1926,  Cataloger. 

Winona  Williams,  1926-1928,  Cataloger. 

Relation  of  the  Library  to  the  College 

This  subject  has  been  a  topic  for  many  heated  discussions 
during  the  past  few  years.  Modern  teaching  methods  have 
placed  new  demands  upon  the  library.  Standards  for  librarians 
have  been  raised  and  library  organizations  are  working  for 
greater  professional  recognition  in  all  fields  of  library  work 
Louis  R,  Wilson,  Dean  of  the  Graduate  Library  School,  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  in  an  article  in  School  and  Society,  August, 
1935,  entitled  "The  role  of  the  library  in  higher  education  in  the 
South, ' '  puts  at  the  head  of  this  list  of  suggestions  for  improve 
ment: 

College  and  university  administrators  in  the  South  have  been 
slow  in  recognizing  the  value  of  making  the  headship  of  their 
libraries  the  very  responsible  position  that  it  is,  in  granting  their 
librarians  rights  and  privileges  concerning  rank,  vacation,  leaves 
of  absence,  and  retiring  benefits  accorded  the  teaching  staff,  in 
setting  up  budgets  which  they  unfalteringly  maintain  and  in 
demanding  reports  from  their  librarians  which  present  not  only 
an  adequate  record  of  the  library's  performance,  but  plans  for  the 
upbuilding  of  its  collections  in  accord  with  a  well-conceived 
policy  in  which  the  best  judgment  of  the  faculty  is  incorporated. 

While  the  exact  status  of  the  college  library  at  Eastern  in 
relation  to  the  college  through  the  years  has  not  been  recorded 
specifically,   one   may   draw   certain   conclusions   from   existing 


120  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

policies  and  developments.  First,  th,e  library  has  always  been 
considered  an  integral  part  of  the  institution  and  developed  con- 
stantly with  the  idea  of  meeting'  curriculum  requirements,  and 
gradually  increasing  the  materials  for  research  as  well  as  provid- 
ing for  recreational  reading.  Second,  the  librarians  have 
enjoyed  the  same  privileges  and  professional  rating  as  the  teach- 
ing staff.  Third,  the  librarian  is  responsible  directly  to  the 
president  of  the  college  and  regular  reports  are  submitted  to 
him. 

The  selection  of  books  to  be  purchased  for  the  library  has 
been  on  a  faculty-library  cooperative  basis  since  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  library  committee  in  1918.  This  committee  meets 
each  month,  thereby  keeping  the  librarian  advised  as  to  faculty 
needs  and  making  possible  the  dissemination  of  library  policies 
by  their  reports  to  faculty  department  meetings. 

Instruction  for  students  in  the  use  of  books  and  the  library 
began  early  in  the  history  of  the  institution.  In  1907  a  course 
in  Library  Administration  was  begun  under  the  direction  of 
Miss  Ada  Barter  and  has  been  continued  as  a  part  of  the  regular 
curriculum  of  the  Normal  School  and  later  of  the  Teachers  Col- 
lege. The  fact  that  Eastern  offered  the  first  classes  in  the  State 
in  library  instruction  has  been  mentioned  as  a  matter  of  pride 
in  the  various  school  bulletins.  For  many  years  there  was  mere- 
ly an  orientation  course  for  freshmen  to  instruct  them  in  the 
mechanics  necessary  for  the  intelligent  use  of  the  library  for 
their  own  work  and  pleasure. 

In  1928  two  additional  courses  were  offered  under  the 
English  department,  which  included  general  information  that 
would  aid  the  graduate  of  the  English  department  to  assume  the 
duties  of  part-time  librarian  in  a  small  high  school. 

In  1930  Eastern  was  designated  as  one  of  the  Kentucky 
colleges  for  training  high  school  librarians  to  meet  the  standards 
of  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools, 
for  part-time  librarians,  or  teacher-librarian  with  .six  to  twelve 
hours  of  library  science.  Beginning  with  the  summer  ses- 
sion of  1930,  eight  two  hour  courses  were  offered  in  library 
science,  with  Miss  Clara  Davies,  whose  training  had  been  in 
school  library  work,  employed  as  full-time  instructor  in  library 
science. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  121 

At  the  end  of  the  summer  session  in  1933  all  courses  in  li- 
brary science  except  one  were  discontinued.  Library  science  166 
was  included  in  the  catalog  as  a  required  course  for  freshmen, 
and  plans  for  teaching  it  were  completely  reorganized.  Certain 
lessons  were  planned  and  taught  by  each  member  of  the  regular 
library  staff.  In  this  way  it  was  possible  to  motivate  the  work 
in  terms  of  the  daily  demands  in  the  library,  and  to  make  assign- 
ments in  cooperation  with  other  faculty  members,  thereby  giving 
freshmen  the  practical  help  needed  and  also  giving  librarians  an 
opportunity  to  become  better  acquainted  with  teaching  methods 
and  with  students.  In  1935  the  library  staff  published  these  les- 
sons under  the  title  of  "A  Guidance  Outline  for  Library 
Science ' ',  to  be  used  as  a  text  for  this  course. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  library  routine  of  reference  and 
circulation  service  of  book  selection  and  order  work,  of  catalog- 
ing and  taking  inventories,  of  mending  and  general  housekeep- 
ing duties,  the  members  of  the  library  staff  are  engaged  in  biblio- 
graphic service  to  the  faculty,  as  far  as  time  permits.  A  classi- 
fied list  of  "books  purchased"  is  mimeographed  semi-annually 
for  faculty  distribution.  More  than  thirty  book  lists  on  various 
subjects  of  immediate  college  interest  have  been  prepared  and 
are  kept  on  file  in  quantities  to  supplement  the  regular  College 
and  Training  School  work.  A  verticle  file  is  kept  for  current 
material  and  a  picture  file  is  constantly  being  built  up  according 
to  the  topics  needed  for  class  use. 

One  might  elaborate  in  detail  concerning  the  things  that 
have  been  done  to  make  the  library  "an  intelligent  community 
center  for  students  and  faculty",  but  recognition  should  be 
given  and  tribute  paid  to  four  persons  whose  vision  and  tireless 
efforts  have  built  up  this  position  for  Eastern's  library.  If 
Carlyle  's  statement  that  ' '  History  is  the  essence  of  innumerable 
biographies"  be  accepted,  there  would  be  a  long  honor  roll.  A 
comprehensive  history  of  Eastern's  library,  however,  would  be 
told  in  these  four  biographies. 

Mrs.  Ada  Barter  Dunn,  the  first  librarian,  organized  the 
library  according  to  professional  standards  and  established 
pleasant  relations  for  faculty-library  cooperation.  Under  Miss 
Estelle  Reid's  direction  the  library  showed  substantial  growth 


122  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

and  the  maintenance  of  high  professional  standards.  It  was  her 
interest  in  the  John  Wilson  Townsend  Kentucky  library  that  led 
to  the  purchase  of  these  books.  But  the  real  growth  of  any  col- 
lege library  is  proportionate  to  the  love  of  books  and  the  value 
placed  on  their  use  by  the  college  administration.  Therefore, 
the  biographies  of  President  T.  J.  Coates  and  President  H.  L. 
Donovan  would  tell  the  story  of  increased  appropriations  for 
books,  building  and  equipment,  the  recognition  given  to  the 
library,  and  the  encouragement  for  the  faculty-library  coopera- 
tion in  keeping  abreast  with  the  best  educational  practices. 


CHAPTER  VII 

THE   CAMPUS 
By  Jacob  D.  Farms 

The  outstanding  beauty  of  Eastern's  campus  lies  in  the 
gently  rolling  blue  grass  slopes,  with  the  stately  forest  trees  of 
maple  and  oak  and  an  occasional  pine. 

The  records  of  the  college  indicate  the  keen  vision  and  sound 
judgment  of  those  in  whose  care  the  administration  of  the 
school  has  been  entrusted.  The  development  of  the  physical 
plant  from  a  most  humble  beginning  to  its  present  proportions 
has  been  attended  with  almost  meticulous  care  in  protecting  the 
original  property  of  the  school,  and  by  adding  to  it  from  time 
to  time  when  such  additions  would  be  advantageous  for  one 
reason  or  another. 

The  site  for  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School 
"was  not  offered  by  the  City  of  Richmond,  strictly  speaking,  but 
by  a  corporation  known  as  the  Walters  Collegiate  Institute," 
which  had  possession  of  the  property  formerly  owned  and  oper- 
ated by  Central  University.  At  that  time  this  site  contained 
about  thirty-five  acres  with  the  University  Building,  Memorial 
Hall  and  a  little  gymnasium,  which  later  burned.  The  other 
buildings  here  then  were  the  one  known  now  as  the  Industrial 
Arts  Building,  and  four  brick  cottages  called  "faculty  row." 
These  were  leased  at  first  and  finally  purchased,  the  cottages  in 
1901,  and  Walters  Collegiate  Institute  in  1914.  This  building  has 
tilled  various  needs  from  time  to  time,  serving  for  music,  for  ag- 
riculture, for  rural  school,  for  library,  and  since  for  industrial 
arts.  For  a  time  the  four  cottages  fulfilled  their  original  purpose 
as  homes  for  members  of  the  faculty,  but  later  they  served  as 
dormitories  for  students.  One  was  used  a  while  for  home  eco- 
nomics ;  the  first  cafeteria  was  operated  in  another ;  and  the  first 
hospital  rooms  on  the  campus  were  equipped  in  one.  Finally 
numbers  1  and  2  were  razed  in  the  spring  of  1927,  and  num- 
bers 3  and  4  have  served  respectively  as  homes  for  the  college 
physician  and  the  superintendent  of  buildings  and  grounds  since 
that  date. 


124  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

From  the  appropriation  of  $150,000  made  by  the  State  in 
1908  were  erected  Roark  Building1,  Sullivan  Hall,  without  the 
annex,  and  the  Power  Plant,  which  also  housed  the  Manual 
Training  Department. 

Memorial  Hall  was  first  used  as  a  girl's  dormitory,  but 
since  Sullivan  Hall  was  built  it  has  been  used  as  a  boy's  dormi- 
tory. Sullivan  Hall  annex  was  built  in  1912,  and  from  a  second 
appropriation  by  the  State  the  north  wing  of  Burnam  Hall  and 
the  annex  to  Memorial  Hall  were  built.  Sullivan  Hall  accom- 
modates 150  and  Memorial  Hall  130  students.  Early  there  was 
felt  the  need  for  a  training  school  building,  and  Roark  Build- 
ing, or  a  part  of  it,  was  first  used  in  that  capacity.  But  as  the 
school  grew,  the  model  school  needed  a  building  designed  espe- 
cially for  its  needs  and  uses,  and  Cammack  Building  was  erected 
in  1918,  the  corner  stone  being  laid  with  ceremonies  June  15, 
1917.  Half  of  the  second  floor  of  this  building  was  used  for  the 
library  till  1923,  when  the  first  part  of  the  present  library  was 
erected  from  funds  derived  from  Eastern's  part  of  the  inherit- 
ance tax  from  the  Bingham  estate.  The  corner  stone  was  laid 
September  1,  1923. 

During  these  years  the  Board  of  Regents  added  to  the  prop- 
erty of  the  school.  When  the  need  for  a  school  farm  was  felt, 
land,  known  as  the  Whitaker  place,  a  short  distance  on  the 
Barnes  Mill  pike,  was  purchased  in  1912.  The  name  was 
changed  to  Stateland  Farm.  Ten  years  later  the  land  known 
as  the  Gibson  place,  adjoining  the  campus  proper  was  purchased, 
and  its  name  changed  to  New  Stateland  Farm.  In  order  to  give 
outlet  to  Lancaster  pike,  properties  known  as  the  Bond  place 
and  the  Pursifall  place  were  later  purchased ;  and  for  protec- 
tion from  possible  undesirable  buildings  being  erected  near  the 
campus  the  Miller  property  on  South  Second  street  was  pur- 
chased in  1927.  The  Thompson  Burnam  property  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  the  campus  was  purchased  in  March.  1912.  as  a 
home  for  the  president.  This  building  was  erected  in  the  1880 's 
as  a  home  for  the  chancellor  of  Central  University  and  was  later 
sold  to  private  individuals.  The  land  known  as  the  Patton  Lots, 
immediately  to  the  rear  of  said  building,  had  been  purchased 
several  years  earlier.  No  other  properties  than  these  mentioned 
have  been  purchased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  125 

The  little  gymnasium  acquired  at  the  beginning  and  located 
where  the  library  now  stands  burned  Friday,  August  28,  1920. 
Another  gymnasium  was  erected  in  1922  south  of  the  site  of  the 
old  one.  In  the  meantime  temporary  provisions  were  made  for 
the  classes  in  physical  education  in  the  basement  of  Memorial 
Hall  and  the  Training  School  Building.  This  gymnasium  served 
till  1931  when  the  Weaver  Health  Building  was  opened  for 
use,  the  corner  stone  of  which  was  laid  in  November,  1930. 

Great  need  was  felt  for  an  administration  building  and 
auditorium,  many  years  before  they  were  built.  Should  they 
be  combined  in  one  building "1  It  was  finally  decided  to  erect 
the  administration  building  first  and  the  auditorium  later,  the 
former  being  erected  in  1927  and  the  latter  completed  in  1929. 
The  auditorium  is  a  rear  extension  of  the  administration  build- 
ing. Eastern  has  one  of  the  best  college  auditoriums  in  the 
country.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,800.  In  the  meantime 
additional  dormitory  space  was  required  and  Burnam  Hall  was 
completed  in  1928.     It  will  accommodate  285  students. 

A  need  for  a  model  rural  school  was  felt  years  before  it 
was  finally  built.  As  early  as  1921  recommendations  were  made 
for  it,  but  was  not  built  till  1929.  It  really  is  a  model  construc- 
tion, and  its  proximity  to  the  campus  makes  it  all  the  more 
serviceable. 

Buildings  must  be  named,  and  it  is  a  rather  appropriate 
way  to  honor  the  lives  and  works  of  people.  The  names  of  the 
buildings  already  erected  when  the  site  was  secured  remained 
the  same — University  Building  and  Memorial  Hall.  Roark 
Building  was  named  for  the  school's  first  president,  Ruric  Nevel 
Roark,  after  his  death  in  1909.  Sullivan  Hall  was  named  for 
the  first  local  regent,  Mr.  Jere  A.  Sullivan,  who  was  instrumental 
in  the  establishment  of  normal  schools  in  Kentucky.  When  the 
training  school  building,  which  also  housed  the  library  for  a 
time,  was  erected,  it  was  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Cammack, 
one  of  the  first  regents,  who  is  still  serving  in  that  capacity.  Also 
when  New  Stateland  Farm  was  purchased  the  spacious  dwelling 
thereon  was  used  as  a  dormitory  for  boys  and  was  named  Cam- 
mack  Hall  in  honor  of  Mr.  Cammack.  The  name  was  later 
dropped.    The  library  is  called  the  John  Grant  Crabbe  Library 


126  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

in  honor  of  Eastern's  second  president,  but  it  was  not  so  named 
until  1929,  though  it  was  erected  in  1923.  Burnam  Hall  was 
named  in  honor  of  Judge  A.  R.  Burnam,  who  served  in  the 
Senate  of  the  General  Assembly  and  helped  Eastern  secure  its 
first  appropriation  of  any  consequence.  The  administration 
building  was  named  the  Thomas  Jackson  Coates  building  in 
honor  of  the  third  president,  while  the  auditorium  was  named 
the  Hiram  Brock  Auditorium  in  honor  of  Senator  Hiram  Brock, 
who  had  given  such  splendid  service  as  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Regents.  When  the  Health  Building  was  erected  another 
regent  was  honored  for  his  loyalty,  interest  and  devotion  to  the 
school,  and  it  was  named  the  Charles  W.  Weaver  Health  Build- 
ing. Some  criticism  has  been  made  because  of  naming  some  of 
the  buildings  for  men  still  living.  In  all  fairness  and  justice 
to  them  it  should  be  said  that  no  man  for  whom  a  building  was 
named  was  present  at  a  meeting  when  the  matter  was  discussed 
and  voted  upon  and  that  no  one  of  them  in  any  way  has  ex- 
pressed a  desire  for  such  honor.  In  practically  all  of  these 
buildings  hang  portraits  of  the  men  in  whose  honor  they  are 
named. 

For  the  most  part  there  is  harmony  in  materials  and  archi- 
tecture in  all  of  the  buildings.  The  porticoes  of  slightly  varying 
type  and  dimensions,  with  their  lovely  classic  stone  Grecian 
columns  of  Doric,  Corinthian,  or  Ionic  type,  and  the  red  brick 
walls  with  stone  trimmings,  all  serve  to  produce  a  pleasing 
harmony. 

Those  who  have  lived  and  served  at  Eastern  for  a  long  time 
find  it  interesting  to  think  back  over  the  years  and  note  the 
physical  changes  on  the  campus  which  have  come  about.  Unless 
they  have  an  indelible  mental  picture  or  a  photograph  of  scenes 
of  yesterday,  they  are  likely  to  think  of  things  always  as  they 
appear  today.  This  is  perhaps  a  worthy  trait,  especially  when 
the  scenes  have  been  improved  and  made  lovely.  The  older  peo- 
ple recall  and  tell  with  much  glee  how  il  was  sometimes  difficult 
to  keep  up  with  the  business  office  as  it  was  moved  so  often;  how 
the  library  was  moved  from  building  to  building;  how  the  gym- 
nasium facilities,  music,  home  economics,  and  even  the  dining 
halls  and  the  cafeteria  were  frequently  moved;  and  how  the 
changing  of  classrooms  often  caused  confusion.     All   of   these 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  127 

numerous  changes  and  removals,  of  course,  were  made  to  bring 
about  a  more  nearly  perfect  and  better  functioning  plant  for 
efficient  .service. 

In  t lie  more  lasting  things  growth  comes  about  slowly  and 
does  not  spring  full-limbed  as  did  Venus.  Often  much  needed 
and  desirable  helps  and  appurtenances  must  remain  only  in 
the  mind  until  an  opportunity  or  an  occasion  presents  itself  for 
their  possession. 

For  years  little  could  be  done  toward  beautifying  the  cam- 
pus with  shrubs,  flowers,  trees,  walks  and  drives.  These  were 
not  forgotten,  however,  and  in  time  they  began  to  appear.  In 
1910  the  Board  of  Regents  voted  "to  drain  the  campus  pond", 
"to  spread  rocks  on  the  campus  roads",  and  to  .spend  "the  sum 
of  '$1,430"  on  campus  improvements.  Tarvia  was  placed  on 
the  campus  roads  first  in  1920.  The  first  concrete  walks  were 
laid  in  1921.  An  interesting  event  was  the  erection  and  dedi- 
cation of  the  flag  pole  in  front  of  University  Building  on  May 
6.  1920.  Governor  Edwin  P.  Morrow  was  the  speaker  for  the 
occasion. 

Very  early  Olmstead  Brothers,  Landscape  architects  of 
Brookline,  Massachusetts,  were  employed  to  study  the  entire 
campus,  to  make  plans  and  drawings  and  to  submit  these  with 
suggestions  regarding  walks  and  drives,  locations  for  future 
buildings,  and  the  plantings  of  shrubs  and  flowers.  The  same 
firm  was  called  upon  once  or  twice  in  succeeding  years. 

In  the  spring  of  1921  President  Coates  recommended  to 
the  Board  of  Regents  that  "some  shrubbery  should  be  planted 
on  the  campus"  and  asked  that  " Hillenmeyer  Brothers,  land- 
scape gardeners  of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  come  to  the  campus, 
study  the  grounds  and  advise  what  should  be  planted."  Accord- 
ingly, shrubbery  was  planted  about  Memorial  Hall,  the  Library, 
Burnam  and  Sullivan  Halls,  the  Power  Plant,  the  President's 
Home,  cottages  3  and  4,  and  a  little  about  the  Roark  and  Cam- 
mack  bulidings  and  the  present  Industrial  Arts  Building.  Again 
in  the  fall  of  1927  the  same  firm  was  invited  to  visit  the  campus 
and  "make  suggestions  and  recommendations."  No  plantings, 
however,  were  made  at  that  time. 

In  the  winter  of  1928-29,  with  whatever  help  there  was  at 


128  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

hand,  some  attempts  at  planting  and  beantification  were  started, 
which  have  been  continued  until  the  present.  New  plantings 
were  made  by  removing  old  shrubs,  dividing  them  and  respacing 
them  to  obtain  pleasing  effects.  With  the  exception  of  two 
major  purchases  which  shall  be  mentioned  later,  this  plan  has 
continued  with  very  little  money  being  spent  for  plants  and 
shrubs.  And  in  such  manner,  with  some  propagating  which 
has  been  done,  more  than  three  thousand  plants,  shrubs  and 
trees  have  been  added  to  the  campus.  Friends  of  the  college 
have  given  plants  and  flowers  from  time  to  time  from  their  own 
gardens.  A  list  of  these  donors  will  not  be  given  for  fear  some 
names  might  unintentionally  be  omitted. 

Only  a  few  years  ago  the  plot  of  ground  lying  immediately 
behind  Roark  Building  and  continuing  toward  the  Auditorium 
was  cleaned  of  its  rocks,  bricks,  tin  cans,  iron  pipes,  old  wire, 
etc.  The  old  bus  shed  thereon  was  also  removed.  On  this  spot 
a  lily  pool  was  built,  flower  beds  were  prepared,  and  a  rock 
garden  was  constructed.  Probably  in  no  one  place  has  more 
signal  improvement  been  made. 

When  the  Weaver  Health  Building  was  planned,  Mr.  W.  G. 
Dickinson,  landscape  architect  of  Peabody  College,  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  was  engaged  to  come  to  the  campus  to  make  recom- 
mendations for  its  location.  His  recommendations  were  ac- 
cepted. He  also  planned  the  landscaping  of  the  building,  but 
after  his  tragic  and  untimely  death  in  1932,  Hillenmeyer  Broth- 
ers, of  Lexington,  Kentucky,  were  employed  to  do  the  work. 
While  some  slight  changes  were  made  in  Mr.  Dickinson's  plans, 
a  most  satisfactory  piece  of  work  was  done  by  this  firm. 

In  December,  1932,  the  faculty,  the  administrative  staff,  the 
students,  the  janitors,  in  fact  everybody  connected  with  the 
college,  made  a  voluntary  contribution  amounting  to  $129.10  for 
the  purchase  of  trees  for  the  campus.  Many  of  the  old  trees 
planted  fifty  or  more  years  ago  were  decaying  and  several  had 
to  be  removed.  So  nearly  one  hundred  splendid  nursery  trees 
of  various  kinds  were  purchased  from  Hillenmeyer  Brothers  and 
on  the  afternoon  of  December  7  classes  were  dismissed  and  every- 
body in  the  college  helped  plant  them,  the  work  being  done  in 
the  main  by  county  delegations  and  other  organizations.  Un- 
fortunately permanent  markers  were  not  placed  for  these  trees. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  129 

With  Federal  aid  three  new  tennis  courts  were  constructed 
in  1935  south  of  Burnam  Hall,  bringing,  with  the  two  asphalt 
courts  south  of  Memorial  Hall  and  the  two  clay  courts  north  of 
Sullivan  Hall  Annex,  the  total  number  to  seven.  Also,  during 
1934-36,  with  other  Federal  aid  there  have  been,  or  are  being 
built  the  following :  A  splendid  concrete  drive  through  the 
campus;  a  spacious  and  beautiful  addition  to  the  library,  which 
more  than  doubles  its  capacity  and  which  contains  a  reading 
room  that  for  sheer  lovliness  is  not  to  be  surpassed  bj^  anything 
else  on  the  campus;  a  Greek  amphitheatre  across  the  drive  and 
nearly  opposite  the  library;  and  a  concrete  stadium  and  field 
gymnasium,  which  will  seat  about  four  thousand  people. 

So  lies  Eastern's  campus.  Whether  in  the  tender  green  of 
unfolding  buds  of  spring ;  or  in  the  lush  fullness  of  summer ;  or 
in  the  golden  hues  of  radiant  autumn ;  or  in  the  silvery  shimmer 
of  ice  and  snow  of  winter,  it  is  always  inviting,  always  lovely, — 
a  magnificent  monument  to  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth. 
Not  cold  and  dead  it  lies,  but  glowing  and  vibrant  with  life,  a 
Pierian  spring  from  which  Kentucky 's  older  sons  and  daughters 
may  drink  the  satisfying  and  soul-filling  waters  to  quench  the 
thirst  of  Kentucky's  younger  sons  and  daughters. 


E.  S.  T.  C— 5 


CHAPTER  VIII 

EXTRA-CURRICULAR  ACTIVITIES 
By  Roy  B.  Clark 

The  activities  of  the  students  of  Eastern  outside  of  their 
regular  classes  developed  along  with  the  institution.  Originat- 
ing from  a  felt  need  of  the  students  and  faculty,  they  gradually 
changed  until  at  the  close  of  the  three  decades  which  this  volume 
commemorates  they  are  completely  transformed.  In  the  type 
of  student  clubs  distinct  progress  has  been  made  in  harmony 
with  the  growth  in  size  and  prestige  of  the  college. 

When  the  Normal  School  was  established,  no  immediate 
plans  were  made  for  literary  societies,  then  the  most  common 
type  of  student  organization.  The  students  were  for  the  most 
part  mature  men  and  women  and  experienced  teachers,  who  were 
concerned  with  renewing  their  certificates  or  securing  more 
advanced  ones.  They  would  not  feel  the  need  of  extra-curric- 
ular activities  as  much  as  younger  and  less  mature  students 
would.  It  seems  that  music  was  the  first  form  of  student 
activity  engaged  in  outside  of  the  regularly  scheduled  classes. 
Soon  after  taking  up  his  duties  as  director  of  the  Model  School, 
Col.  E.  H.  Crawford  organized  a  drum  corps  of  fifteen  members 
with  Joe  Hollenkamp  as  drum  major.  Col.  Crawford  may  also 
be  said  to  have  initiated  the  literary  societies,  for  on  March  21, 
1907,  two  of  the  "forsensic  sections"  of  his  classes  gave  the  first 
public  debate.  The  subject  debated  was  woman  suffrage,  the 
opponents  of  the  franchise  for  women  winning  the  decision  of 
the  judges.  But  although  woman's  right  to  vote  was  not  main- 
tained, women  played  an  important  part  in  the  early  student 
activities.  At  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  the  Roark  Build- 
ing the  Normal  Female  Quartet  sang.  And  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
which  was  active  from  the  beginning  of  the  life  of  the  Normal 
School,  has  left  its  impress  on  the  lives  of  the  girls  who  have 
come  and  gone  from  Eastern.  It  was  organized  in  1907  by  Mrs. 
Lena  Gertrude  Roliug,  and  is  the  first  existing  student  society  to 
become  affiliated  with  a  national  organization.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
which  was  also   organized  very   early,   has   not  had   quite   the 


132  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

steady,  unbroken  record  that  the  Y.  "W.  C.  A.  has,  but  during 
the  last  decade  it  has  been  active  and  influential. 

In  the  year  1910  a  definite  step  was  taken  toward  organized 
extra-curricular  activities.  The  high  school  presented  its  an- 
nual play  at  the  opera  house.  A  Science  Club  was  organized, 
which  was  made  up  of  the  members  of  the  science  classes,  and 
which  gave  programs  consisting  of  lectures,  papers,  debates, 
round-table  discussions,  and  demonstrations.  It  was  in  1910 
also  that  the  Glee  Club  came  into  being,  a  club  which  in  the 
summer  term  of  that  year  had  fifty  members.  The  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky Review  (Vol.  IV,  No.  4)  for  1910  also  lists  three  clubs 
sponsored  by  the  English  Department.  One  was  a  Shakespeare 
Club,  which  studied  one  of  the  great  dramatist's  plays  each  term. 
Another  was  a  Current  Literature  Club,  which  discussed  living 
writers,  current  magazines,  and  strong  editorials.  The  third 
society  announced  was  the  Euric  Nevel  Roark  Debating  Club. 
Two  student  publications  and  three  musical  organizations  sprang 
into  existence  also  during  this  same  year.  A  monthly  maga- 
zine called  The  Student  was  to  appear  every  month  except 
August  and  was  to  cost  fifty  cents  a  year  for  single  subscrip- 
tions. This  publication  continued  for  several  years.  The 
senior  class  annual,  The  Bluemont,  was  the  other  publication. 
It  seems  to  have  come  out  only  one  }Tear.  The  three  musical 
organizations  launched  were  the  Choral  Club,  the  Rubenstein 
Club,  and  the  Euterpean  Club.  The  first  one  was  a  mixed 
chorus  open  to  anyone  who  could  cany  a  tune.  The  Rubenstein 
Club  was  composed  of  fourteen  women.  The  Euterpean  Club 
was  mentioned  only  once,  and  probably  ceased  to  exist  the  year 
after  it  was  organized. 

The  three  literary  clubs  also  seem  to  have  died  out  imme- 
diately, for  a  system  of  compulsory  membership  of  five  newly 
organized  literary  societies  was  also  undertaken.  These  five  so- 
cieties, organized  under  the  direction  of  the  head  of  the  English 
Department  and  with  the  advice  of  the  president,  were  to 
accommodate  all  students  in  the  Normal  School.  They  were 
named  llie  Carpediem.  the  Cynthian,  the  Excelsior,  the  Peri- 
clesian,  and  the  1'topian,  and  were  sponsored  by  members  of 
the  faculty.     The  sponsors,  however,  were  too  numerous  and 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         133 

the  records  of  the  societies  are  too  imperfect  to  attempt  to  give 
an  accurate  list  of  the  teachers  who  assumed  such  responsibility. 

These  societies  were  so  conducted  as  to  arouse  a  spirit  of 
friendly  rivalry.  "To  be  progressive  as  well  as  popular  at 
Eastern,"  says  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  "one  must  be  a 
Carpedien,  a  Periclesian,  an  Excelsior,  a  Utopian,  or  a  Cyn- 
thian. "  The  societies  met  every  week  and  were  under  the 
management  of  a  Literary  Council  made  up  of  five  presidents 
and  the  five  critics  of  the  societies.  Occasionally  inter-society 
entertainments  were  given,  but  the  chief  feature  was  the  annual 
contest,  consisting  of  declamations,  orations,  and  a  debate. 
A  sixth  society,  the  Union,  was  organized,  but  it  seems  to  have 
been  short-lived.  So  was  the  Mirrow-Holclers,  a  dramatic  club 
organized  the  same  year.  This  club  started  with  twelve  charter 
members  selected  by  competition  from  about  forty  contestants. 
But  no  other  mention  of  it  is  made  after  its  organization. 

Many  of  these  organizations  were  mere  ephemerae,  born  of 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  moment  or  of  the  individual  instructor. 
The  Shakespeare  Society,  the  Current  Literature  Club,  the 
Ruric  Nevel  Roark  Debating  Society,  the  Rubenstein  Club,  the 
Euterpean  Club,  and  the  Union  Literary,  all  seemed  to  have 
been  only  temporary,  for  they  left  no  impress  upon  the  student 
activities  or  upon  the  publications  of  the  time.  The  five  literary 
societies  in  which  membership  was  required  continued  for  about 
ten  years.  In  1919  a  sixth  society  was  organized  which  was 
called  the  "Washingtonian.  This  club  seems  to  have  been  pro- 
vided because  the  membership  in  the  other  clubs  was  becoming 
somewhat  large  and  unwieldly.  Still  another  literary  society 
was  provided  for  those  students  in  town  who  found  it  difficult 
to  attend  the  night  meeting.  It  was  called  the  Philomathean 
(or  Daylight)  Society  and  was  made  up  of  members  of  the 
other  societies.  The  regular  meetings  were  held  in  the  after- 
noon. Students  attending  this  society  did  not  lose  membership 
in  their  original  societies. 

It  seems,  however,  that  when  the  fall  term  opened  in  1919, 
the  policy  concerning  membership  in  the  literary  societies 
changed,  for  with  the  opening  of  the  year  1920  only  three  lit- 
erary societies  are  mentioned  in  The  Review — the  "Washing- 
tonian, the  Periclesian,  and  the  Carpediem.     And  to  stimulate 


134  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

voluntary  membership  in  these  societies,  the  school  offered 
medals  in  oratory,  reading,  declamation,  and  debate  for  the 
winners  in  the  annual  inter-society  contest.  Other  changes  also 
had  taken  place  since  the  first  general  organization  of  student 
clubs  in  1910.  The  Science  Club,  which  was  listed  in  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review  annually,  had  by  1918  become  de- 
funct, and  was  no  longer  mentioned.  The  senior  class  annual. 
The  Bluemont,  was  issued  only  once,  for  in  1911  one  number 
of  The  Student  was  issued  as  the  Senior  Annual.  In  1915  this 
monthly  publication  also  came  to  an  end,  and  for  a  time  the 
students  and  faculty  jointly  published  The  Review.  This  ar- 
rangement continued  through  four  volumes,  XII  to  XV.  Num- 
ber 1  of  Volume  XIII  was  dedicated  to  the  boys  in  France, 
and  Number  3  of  Volume  XV  was  issued  as  the  Senior  Class 
Annual.  By  the  begining  of  the  next  volume,  however,  the 
publication  of  the  Review  was  entirely  taken  over  by  the  faculty. 

The  restlessness  following  the  "World  "War  and  the  general 
readjustment  of  social  and  mental  attitudes  made  themselves 
felt  in  the  changes  that  took  place  in  the  student  activities.  The 
literary  societies  that  had  been  in  existence  for  ten  years  were 
now  no  more.  But  the  traditional  type  of  society  was  continued 
by  two  newly  organized  literary  societies,  the  Kuric  Nevel  Roark 
Society  for  the  Normal  School  students  of  high  school  rank  and 
the  Horace  Mann  Society  for  those  of  college  rank.  A  few  years 
later,  the  Neon  Krypton  Literary  Society,  another  club  of  college 
students,  wa.s  organized,  but  it  had  hardly  become  established 
before  the  traditional  type  of  literary  society  began  to  experience 
difficulty  in  continuing  its  existence.  "With  the  general  change 
in  student  attitudes  and  the  passing  of  one  phase  of  student 
social  life,  the  students  of  Eastern  found  this  type  of  club  no 
longer  adequate  for  their  needs,  and  its  end  was  hastened  by  the 
discontinuance  of  required  membership. 

A  new  type  of  society  was  coming  in — one  of  national  scope 
and  organization  and  in  keeping  with  the  newer  spirit.  In 
March,  1921,  the  Little  Theater  Club  was  organized  by  Miss 
Rucie  Miller  of  the  Speech  Department  with  the  assistance  of 
Prof.  W.  II.  Mkesell  of  the  University  of  Kentucky.  This  club 
had  live  charter  members:  Misses  Kathryn  Baker,  Pauline 
Teats,  and  Sarah   Strong,  and  Messrs.  Sam  Denny  and  Henry 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  135 

Holbrook.  Since  then  it  lias  become,  under  the  leadership  of 
Miss  Pearl  Buchanan,  one  of  the  most  active  and  prominent 
clubs  on  the  campus.  The  next  year  two  other  student  activities, 
still  active  and  growing  in  reputation,  came  into  existence. 
These  were  the  senior  class  annual,  The  Milestone,  and  the  college 
paper,  the  Eastern  Progress.  The  Milestone  is  purely  a  senior 
class  project,  and  each  year  an  editor-in-chief  and  a  business 
manager  are  elected  by  the  senior  class.  The  college  paper  is  an 
all-college  project,  and  on  its  staff  are  students  from  all  the 
classes  on  the  college.  It  has  as  yet  no  fixed  and  regular  way  of 
continuing  its  existence  from  year  to  year.  Thus  far  the  editor- 
in-chief  and  advertising  manager  have  been  chosen  in  at  least 
three  ways.  Sometimes  they  have  been  elected  by  the  entire 
student  body,  sometimes  appointed  by  the  president  of  the  col- 
lege, and  sometimes  chosen  by  the  retiring  editorial  staff.  But 
it  has  grown  in  excellence  and  prestige.  In  1928,  it  became  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Intercollegiate  Press  Association  and 
in  1930  and  1931  its  representatives  attended  the  national  con- 
vention of  the  College  Press  Association.  In  1930-31  it  was  the 
recipient  of  a  coveted  honor  when  a  loving  cup  given  by  the  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky,  Leader  was  awarded  to  it  for  being  the  best 
college  newspaper  in  Kentucky. 

Up  to  1920,  there  seems  to  have  been  no  inter-collegiate 
organization  to  serve  as  an  additional  motive  for  student  activi- 
ties, though,  of  course,  there  had  been  intercollegiate  contests. 
In  the  spring  of  1920,  however,  efforts  were  made  to  organize 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  Oratorical  Association,  with  Asbury 
College,  Berea  Normal  School,  Cumberland  College,  Eastern, 
Sue  Bennett  College,  and  Union  College  as  charter  members. 
But  it  was  not  until  the  spring  of  1921  that  a  contest  was  held, 
three  colleges  then  participating — Cumberland,  Eastern,  and 
Sue  Bennett.  The  association  was  not  long  lived,  for  by  1926 
Eastern  did  not  belong  to  any  active  intercollegiate  oratorical 
association.  In  the  spring  of  1929,  however,  she  joined  with 
Berea  College  and  Asbury  College  in  a  Tri-College  Oratorical 
Association.  At  the  annual  spring  contest  in  1930  Eastern's 
representative,  AVilliam  McGibney,  won  first  place.  This  as- 
sociation in  the  spring  of  1931  took  the  name  of  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Oratorical  Association,  so  that  it  may  in  one  sense  be 


136  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

considered  a  revival  of  the  earlier  association.  The  annual  con- 
test provides  for  orations  only,  and  issues  two  medals,  one  for 
men  and  one  for  women.  In  1930  the  selection  of  contestants 
from  Eastern  for  the  annual  contest  was  taken  over  by  the  East- 
ern Discussion  Club,  one  of  the  recently  established  clubs  with 
selective  membership. 

For  several  years  some  of  the  student  organizations  had  a 
somewhat  irregular  existence.  In  1924  the  ladies'  glee  club 
was  named  the  Madrigal  Club,  and  although  it  continued  its 
existence,  not  until  1929,  did  it  become  an  active  and  prominent 
student  organization.  Membership  is  limited  and  determined 
by  tryouts  conducted  by  the  director,  Miss  Mary  Murphy.  The 
Men's  Glee  Club  was  also  only  partially  active  until  1929,  when 
it  was  reorganized.  Since  that  time  it  has  risen  in  prominence 
as  a  student  organization.  As  in  the  Madrigal  Club,  member- 
ship is  limited  and  determined  by  tryouts  conducted  by  its  con- 
ductor, Mr.  James  E.  Van  Peursen.  These  clubs  have  in  past 
years  assisted  in  the  May  Festival,  broadcast  programs,  and 
given  concerts  at  the  convention  of  the  Kentucky  Educational 
Association  at  Louisville.  They  have  jointly  given  two  of  Gil- 
bert and  Sullivan's  operas — H.  M.  S.  Pinafore  and  Trial  by 
Jury,  Flotow's  Martha:,  and  Easter  Programs.  In  the  same 
way  the  College  Orchestra,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Van  Peur- 
sen, had  developed  into  a  musical  unit  that  is  recognized  as  an 
important  organization  in  the  life  of  the  college. 

The  College  Band  and  the  Canterbury  Club  should  also  be 
mentioned  here.  Although  there  had  been  a  baud  recruited 
among  the  students  which  occasionally  played  at  athletic  games, 
it  was  not  until  the  Boys'  Band,  sponsored  by  the  Exchange  club 
of  Richmond,  was  merged  with  this  band  and  the  combined 
organization  placed  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Sidney  A.  Grif- 
fith, who  had  been  the  conductor  of  the  Boys'  Band,  that  a  per- 
manent organization  was  effected.  Because  of  the  fact  that  it 
assists  in  many  of  the  activities  of  the  college  and  has  broadcast 
concerts  in  Louisville  and  played  at  the  convention  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Educational  Association,  and  that  it  now  gives  half-hour 
programs  over  the  radio  from  Eastern's  studio,  it  has  become  an 
attraction  to  the  students  who  are  interested  in  that  type  of 
music.     It  is  growing  in  prestige  and  skill  as  a  band.     The  Can- 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         137 

terbury  Club,  which  is  an  English  Club,  has  also  not  been  con- 
tinuous in  its  active  existence  since  its  organization  in  1924-1925 
by  Prof.  R.  A.  Foster,  who  was  then  head  of  the  English  Depart- 
ment. A  year  or  two  after  its  organization  it  became  inactive 
until  its  reorganization  in  1927.  At  that  time  it  was  made  an 
honorary  society  with  membership  limited  to  those  students  who 
are  majors  and  first  minors  in  English  and  whose  grades  in 
English  average  B  or  higher.  In  1934,  however,  membership 
was  open  to  all  seniors  whose  major  field  was  English.  It  main- 
tains an  active  organization  during  the  winter  and  spring  semes- 
ters, and  is  becoming  more  firmly  established  in  the  life  of  the 
college.  In  the  year  1934-1935  the  club  undertook  to  sponsor 
an  annual  anthology  of  student  creative  writing,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1935  the  first  number  of  Belles  Letters  appeared.  The 
Rural  Life  Club  is  another  of  the  societies  which  subsequent  to 
their  organization  have  not  been  continuously  active,  but  since 
its  reorganization  in  1931  it  seems  to  be  more  firmly  established. 
Membership  is  open  to  all  students  who  are  interested  in  rural 
life  and  its  problems. 

Several  departmental  clubs  have  been  organized  since  1926. 
They  are  in  harmony  with  the  present  tendency  among  student 
organizations  in  that  they  are  more  restricted  in  their  appeal 
and  in  their  scope  than  the  literary  society  was.  Their  value  is 
more  readily  seen  for  this  reason,  and  they  thus  have  a  distinct 
professional  tendency.  They  are  for  the  most  part  open  to  all 
students  who  are  interested  in  the  type  of  work  or  the  particular 
field  they  represent.  Within  the  space  of  less  than  five  years 
seven  of  such  clubs  were  launched  and  a  few  more  are  now  being 
organized.  The  Home  Economic  Club  is  open  to  students  who 
are  taking  a  major  or  minor  in  home  economics.  Membership 
in  this  club  is  by  election.  The  Physical  Education  Club  is 
open  to  students  who  are  taking  a  major  or  a  minor  in  physical 
education.  Membership  in  this  club  is  also  by  election.  An 
Eastern  Club,  sponsored  by  and  subsidiary  to  the  Physical  Edu- 
cation Club  is  open  to  those  students  who  have  earned  an  "E" 
in  inter-collegiate  athletics.  The  Sigma  Lambda  Society  was 
organized  for  students  taking  a  major  or  a  minor  in  foreign 
language.  Sigma  Tau  Pi  is  open  to  students  who  are  enrolled 
in  one  or  more  courses  in  the  Department  of  Commerce.     New 


138  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

members  are  placed  on  probation  for  nine  weeks.  This  club  and 
the  Foreign  Language  Club  both  have  membership  by  invitation. 
Alpha  Zeta  Kappa,  the  successor  to  the  Public  Discussion  Club, 
is  for  those  students  who  are  interested  in  the  intelligent  discus- 
sion of  public  questions.  Membership  is  by  election.  The  Caduceus 
Club  is  open  to  those  students  who  are  doing  pre-professional 
work  in  medicine,  dentistry  and  nursing.  Membership  is  also 
by  election.  The  Pencil  and  Brush  Club  was  organized  with  a 
charter  membership  of  all  those  students  enrolled  in  art  classes, 
if  they  wished  to  be  so  considered.  The  Elementary  Council  is 
open  to  students  who  are  taking  a  major  or  a  minor  in  elemen- 
tary education,  and  the  Social  Science  Club  is  the  organization 
for  all  students  taking  a  major  or  a  minor  in  social  science.  The 
last  of  the  departmental  clubs  to  be  organized  is  the  World  Af- 
fairs Club.  It  admits  to  its  membership  majors  and  minors  in 
geography  and  geology,  but  it  is  also  affiliated  witli  a  national 
organization  and  is  thus  enabled  to  secure  speakers  of  note  at  a 
nominal  cost.    Membership  is  by  invitation. 

Two  other  organizations  deserve  mention  here,  not  because 
they  are  similar,  but  because  they  were  both  organized  during 
recent  years  and  because  they  furnish  opportunity  for  students 
to  follow  their  varied  interests.  They  are  the  Pep  Club  and  the 
Messiah  Chorus.  The  former,  as  its  name  indicates,  has  as  its 
chief  aim  the  fostering  of  college  spirit  during  athletic  contests. 
The  latter  has  its  appeal  to  lovers  of  music.  In  the  Autumn  of 
1932  a  chorus  was  organized  for  the  rehearsing  of  the  great 
oratorio  by  Handel  and  the  joint  presentation  during  the  Christ- 
mas season  by  this  chorus  and  the  Messiah  chorus  of  Berea  Col- 
lege. The  singers  of  Richmond  also  participate  in  this  chorus, 
and  the  annual  event  is  one  of  the  musical  treats  of  the  year. 

There  is  another  type  of  student  organization  different  from 
the  conventional  literary  society  and  from  the  departmental 
club,  but,  in  the  past  at  least,  conducted  in  a  way  somewhat  like 
that  of  the  literary  society.  This  is  the  organization  maintained 
by  each  of  the  different  classes.  There  were  regularly  scheduled 
meetings  sometimes  as  often  as  once  a  week,  at  which  meetings 
miscellaneous  programs  were  o-iVOn  somewhat  like  those  of  the 
literary  societies.  In  this  way  they  have  continued  the  tradition 
of  the  older  type  of  club ;  but  since  1928  there  has  been  a  gradual 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  139 

departure  from  this  type  of  class  meeting.  The  classes  now  have 
monthly  meetings,  but  there  are  still  some  miscellaneous  literary 
programs  given,  particularly  by  the  junior  college  classes. 

An  important  .step  in  Eastern's  extra-curricular  activities 
was  taken  when  early  in  1935  the  first  national  honorary  Greek 
letter  fraternity  was  established.  Such  a  step  was  for  several 
years  advocated  by  some  students  and  faculty  members.  It  was 
believed  that  the  presence  on  Eastern's  campus  of  chapters 
of  such  societies  would  encourage  wider  student  participation  in 
extra-curricular  affairs  and  lend  dignity  and  honor  to  scholastic 
achievement.  These  organizations  are  not  merely  social  fraterni- 
ties, but  professional  or  departmental  clubs,  which  require  cer- 
tain achievements  for  membership  in  them.  It  was  this  type  of 
club  that  the  Committee  on  Clubs,  Societies  and  Forensics  in  the 
second  semester  of  the  year  1930-1931  recommended  for  Eastern, 
to  be  organized  as  the  need  for  them  was  felt  and  as  members 
might  become  eligible.  The  committee  felt  that  such  organiza- 
tions would  create  an  interest  in  the  extra-curricular  activities 
by  challenging  students  to  qualify  for  them.  The  larger  depart- 
mental clubs  would  serve  as  feeders  for  the  more  restricted 
societies.  It  was  not  then,  however,  deemed  advisable  by  the 
administrative  officers  to  introduce  such  Greek  letter  honor 
societies  because  of  the  fact  that  Greek  letter  social  fraternities 
and  sororities  are  prohibited  at  Eastern  by  the  Board  of  Regents 
and  the  president.  But  in  1934  the  Board  of  Regents  authorized 
the  organization  of  national  honorary  Greek  letter  fraternities 
or  societies,  and  in  February,  1935,  Pi  Omega  Pi.  the  national 
honorary  society  for  teachers  of  commerce,  organized  Alpha  Beta 
Chapter  at  Eastern  with  a  charter  membership  of  eighteen. 
Three  months  later  Delta  Alpha  chapter  of  Kappa  Delta  Pi  was 
established  with  a  charter  membership  of  sixteen.  This  organi- 
zation is  a  national  honorary  fraternity  for  students  in  educa- 
tion. 

The  present  outlook  for  the  clubs  is  promising  hut  not 
wholly  satisfactory.  Most  of  the  clubs  are  active  and  give  a 
kind  of  training  and  experience  not  obtained  from  the  curricula. 
The  varied  nature  of  these  organizations  makes  an  appeal  wide 
enough  for  the  whole  student  body.  But  there  still  seems  to  be 
a  lack  of  something,  for  the  students  do  not  identify  themselves 


140  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

with  one  or  more  of  these  societies  in  as  large  numbers  as  may 
reasonably  be  expected.  There  are  a  few  reasons  for  this  condi- 
tion, but  they  do  not  remove  an  unsatisfactory  situation.  In 
two  recent  investigations  of  the  status  of  extra-curricular  student 
participation  at  Eastern  it  was  found  that  during  the  first 
semester  less  than  fifty  per  cent  of  the  students  belong  to  even 
one  club,  including  the  inter-collegiate  athletic  teams  and  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  During  the  second  semester 
the  percent  is  considerably  smaller.  There  is  a  tendency,  more- 
over, for  a  few  students  to  be  active  in  too  many  outside  organ- 
izations. Attempts  have  been  made  by  the  faculty  to  remedy 
both  of  these  conditions,  but  neither  has  been  satisfactorily 
handled  thus  far.  The  first  and  most  important  cause  of  this 
situation  is  the  great  change  in  the  student  body  from  year  to 
year  and  even  from  semester  to  semester.  The  building  up  of 
student  sentiment  or  of  traditions  in  clubs  is  thus  made  very 
difficult.  Besides,  the  tendency  of  students,  who  are  almost 
invariably  those  who  stay  from  year  to  year,  to  take  part  in  too 
many  extra-curricular  activities  is  encouraged  by  this  constant 
change  in  the  student  body.  The  second  cause,  almost  equally 
important,  is  the  large  number  of  freshmen  in  proportion  to 
upper-classmen  and  the  greatly  increased  enrollment  during  the 
second  semester.  Freshmen,  because  they  have  not  aligned 
themselves  with  any  particular  field,  do  not  feel  special  interest 
in  a  departmental  organization.  During  the  second  semester, 
when  the  clubs  are  well  under  way,  it  is  probable  that  many  of 
the  new  students  are  overlooked,  and  perhaps  less  interested 
than  those  who  attended  the  first  semester  also,  because  they  are 
in  college  for  only  one  semester. 

The  conditions  described  may  be  partially  remedied  by  a 
more  thorough  campaign  in  the  fall  semester  for  new  members 
by  those  clubs  that  are  non-departmental,  such  as  the  religious 
organizations  and  the  literary  society,  and  by  more  systematic 
solicitation  of  new  members  at  the  beginning  of  the  second  semes- 
ter. But  there  are  other  ways  by  which  the  situation  may  be 
partly  remedied  and  perhaps  the  extra-curricular  activities  be 
placed  on  a  higher  plane  than  Ihey  are  at  present.  One  sug- 
gested remedy  is  an  all-student  organization  whicli  would  so 
operate  as  to  make  all  students  feel  that  they  were  connected 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         141 

with  it,  even  on  first  enrollment  in  the  college.  Eastern,  with 
its  goodly  array  of  special  group  clubs,  lacks  a  student  organiza- 
tion. The  nearest  approach  to  an  all-student  association  Eastern 
has  had  was  the  Open  Forum  Committee.  This  committee  was 
the  chief  instrument  in  initiating  any  action  of  general  student 
interest,  but  any  student  at  the  Open  Forum  meetings  could 
initiate  an  action.  It  was  usually  elected,  one  member  from 
each  class,  but  occasionally  it  was  appointed  by  the  president  of 
the  college.  The  Open  Forum,  under  the  sponsorship  of  Dr. 
Anna  Achnieb,  who  was  instrumental  in  securing  its  organiza- 
tion, served  an  important  purpose  during  its  existence.  It  was 
instrumental  in  the  establishing  of  a  scholarship  award  for  each 
semester,  for  beginning  a  student  loan  fund,  and  for  various 
other  projects  of  benefit  to  the  students.  Some  students,  how- 
ever, felt  that  it  was  not  really  an  all-student  organization,  and 
in  1929  a  rival  student  association  sprang  up  but  did  not  remain 
in  existence  long.  President  Donovan  then  appointed  a  com- 
mittee of  students  and  faculty  members  to  study  the  subject  of 
an  all-student  organization,  and  make  recommendations  to  the 
students  and  to  the  faculty.  Dr.  W.  J.  Frazier,  president  of  the 
Colorado  State  Teachers  College  at  Greeley,  an  authority  on  the 
subject  of  student  organizations,  was  invited  to  address  the 
students  and  faculty  and  to  confer  with  the  committee.  After 
working  in  the  spring  and  fall  of  1929,  the  committee  was  ready 
with  a  constitution  and  by-laws  for  a  proposed  Student  Union, 
which  was  voted  on  by  the  students.  The  affirmative  margin 
was  so  small,  however,  that  President  Donovan  felt  it  inadvis- 
able to  undertake  introducing  it  at  the  time.  At  present  there 
is  no  student  organization.  The  national  honorary  fraternities 
have  not  been  established  long  enough  to  make  their  influence 
felt,  but  it  is  hoped  that  they  will  stimulate  wisely  student  par- 
ticipation in  extra-curricular  activities. 

Eastern  now  has  a  varied  group  of  extra-curricular,  activi- 
ties. Almost  all  the  departments  of  the  college  are  represented 
in  these  clubs,  and  new  clubs  are  organized  as  there  appears  to 
be  a  demand  for  them.  These  clubs  are  different  from  the  tradi- 
tional literary  society  in  purpose  and  type  of  activity  they  fur- 
nish, but  it  is  believed  that  they  meet  the  needs  of  the  students 
of  a  teachers'  college  better  than  the  older  type  of  club  would 


142  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

now.  It  is  believed  that  they  better  serve  the  professional 
interests  of  the  students  than  the  literary  societies  did,  for  they 
furnish  a  specific  type  of  training"  and  at  the  same  time  give 
practice  in  speaking,  committee  procedure,  arranging  programs, 
conducting  meetings,  and  general  social  intercourse — a  kind  of 
training  that  was  claimed  for  the  literary  society.  What  fur- 
ther changes  will  be  made  in  the  extra-curricular  activities  at 
Eastern  cannot  be  predicted,  but  it  may  at  least  be  said  that  they 
ought  in  some  way  to  secure  a  larger  percentage  of  student  par- 
ticipation in  them  and  to  place  a  check  on  the  number  of  such 
activities  any  one  student  may  participate  in.  If  extra-curric- 
ular activities  can  be  justified  at  all,  it  is  on  the  basis  of  their 
furnishing  a  type  of  training  and  a  form  of  social  activity  not 
secured  by  the  curricula ;  and  if  so,  the  more  nearly  complete 
student  participation  is  the  more  nearly  will  they  perform  their 
function. 


CHAPTER  IX 

STUDENT  LIFE 

By  Mary  Frances  McKinney,  May  C.  Hansen, 

Mrs.  Gladys  Tyng 

Student  life  at  Eastern  during  the  first  three  decades  of  the 
school 's  existence  involves  so  many  different  phases,  so  many 
different  activities,  and  so  many  changes,  that  writing  a  well- 
balanced  and  accurate  history  of  it  becomes  a  very  complex  task. 

Student  Housing 
When  Eastern  first  opened  its  doors  to  the  Normal  School 
students  in  January,  1907,  Memorial  Hall,  a  building  of  the  old 
Central  University  plant,  was  used  as  the  women's  dormitory. 
Men  students  had  rooms  in  town,  and  both  men  and  women,  as 
well  as  many  of  the  faculty  members,  ate  in  the  dining  hall  estab- 
lished in  the  basement  of  Memorial  Hall.  After  the  main  build- 
ing of  Sullivan  Hall  was  completed  in  1909,  the  women  moved 
into  the  new  building,  the  dean  of  women  established  her  office 
there,  and  the  men  were  allowed  to  move  into  the  then  deserted 
Memorial  Hall.  The  dining  hall  remained  in  the  men's  dormi- 
tory until  the  completion  of  the  annex  to  Sullivan  Hall,  when 
more  desirable  quarters  were  available  in  the  basement  of  that 
building. 

As  the  school  grew  in  size,  and  the  available  dormitory 
space  was  used,  students  were  forced  to  find  rooms  in  the  homes 
of  Richmond,  until  a  new  housing  unit  was  built.  Then,  for  a 
brief  time,  practically  the  entire  resident  student  body  would 
move  to  the  campus,  only  to  overflow  the  halls  and  move  into 
town  again  within  a  few  years,  until  another  dormitory  unit 
was  completed. 

The  north  wing  of  Burnam  Hall,  now  known  as  "Old  Bur- 
nam, "  was  completed  in  1921  and  furnished  rooms  for  125  more 
women,  presided  over  by  an  assistant  dean  of  women,  who  lived 
in  the  hall.  The  basement  of  this  building  was  then  used  as  the 
quarters  for  Eastern's  first  cafeteria.  The  construction  of  the 
annex  to  Memorial  Hall  about  the  same  time  and  the  erection,  in 


144  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

1926,  of  the  central  and  south  wings  to  Burnam  Hall  (New 
Burnam),  together  with  the  present  cafeteria  kitchens,  bakery, 
and  storerooms,  complete  the  story  of  Eastern's  dormitories  to 
1936. 

At  the  present,  one  of  the  outstanding  needs  of  the  school 
is  a  new  men 's  dormitory.  Memorial  Hall,  including  the  annex, 
houses  but  130  men,  and  is  old  and  in  a  poor  state  of  repair. 
More  men  now  room  in  town  than  on  the  campus.  The  women's 
dormitories  accommodate  the  women  students  quite  comfortably. 

No  history  of  student  residence  would  be  complete  without 
the  stories  of  several  groups  who  have  not  lived  in  the  regular 
dormitories.  Many  a  woman  student  of  Eastern  in  the  early 
days  thinks  of  her  college  home  as  one  of  the  "cottages."  These 
cottages  were  really  two-story  brick  residences,  four  in  number, 
which  were  also  inherited  from  the  Central  University  plant. 
Two  of  them  still  stand  and  are  occupied  by  the  superintendent 
of  buildings  and  grounds  and  the  college  physician  respectively. 
These  houses  have  been  used  as  faculty  residences  and  as  dormi- 
tories for  women  students,  and  one  was  used  for  several  years  for 
the  home  economics  laboratories  and  demonstration  house.  "When 
these  cottages  were  occupied  by  women  students,  one  mature  and 
trustworthy  woman  was  put  in  charge.  Her  duties  were  those 
of  a  house  mother  and  dean  of  women  combined.  For  many 
years  these  houses  were  heated  by  open  grates.  The  rooms  were 
larger  than  most  dormitory  rooms  and  were  usually  occupied 
by  three  or  four  women.  Two  of  these  buildings  were  razed 
when  Burnam  Hall  was  built,  because  they  stood  directly  in 
front  of  it. 

Another  group  whose  memories  of  college  residence  is  not 
of  the  dormitories,  is  the  group  of  men  who  work  on  the  college 
farm  and  occupy  rooms  in  one  of  the  two  or  three  small  cottages 
just  back  of  the  lovely  old  residence  which  was  the  home  of  the 
former  owner  of  this  farm.  These  cottages  are  spoken  of  col- 
lectively, by  the  students  who  occupy  them,  as  "Poverty  Hall." 
They  are  very  convenient  for  the  men  who  must  work  early  or 
late  on  the  farm. 

A  third  group  who  have  not  lived  in  the  dormitories  is  made 
up  of  the  students  who  room  in  town.  As  has  been  pointed  out. 
this  group  has  changed  in  number  and  character  with  the  size 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  145 

of  the  school  and  the  available  dormitory  space.  But  there  is 
one  group  that  has  always  roomed  in  town.  That  is  the  married 
group.  Some  few  of  these  students  have  wanted  bedrooms,  but 
the  majority  have  wanted  "light-housekeeping  rooms,"  or  in 
latter  years  they  dignify  them  by  the  title  of  "apartments." 
Most  frequently  these  accommodations  consist  of  a  bedroom  and 
a  small  kitchenette,  though  frequently  a  student's  funds  will 
permit  only  a  four-in-one  type,  which  is  a  single  room  that  serves 
as  living  room,  bedroom,  dining  room,  and  kitchen.  Married 
students  often  bring  their  families  with  them,  and  when  these 
families  have  more  than  two  or  three  members  they  usually  have 
larger  quarters,  sometimes  renting  an  entire  house.  This  is 
most  often  done  by  students  who  expect  to  be  in  residence  more 
than  one  year. 

Still  a  fourth  group  is  made  up  of  those  students  who  live 
in  Richmond  or  Madison  County,  or  who  commute  daily  from 
their  homes  in  adjoining  counties.  This  division  has  always 
been  relatively  large,  and  today  the  roads  through  the  campus 
and  the  adjoining  streets  are  lined  with  their  cars.  Several 
groups  come  and  go  by  special  bus,  the  schedules  of  which  are 
made  to  fit  the  students'  schedules. 

Life  within  the  dormitories  and  in  the  residence  houses  in 
town  has  changed  with  the  administration  of  the  several  deans 
of  women  and  deans  of  men  and  with  the  changing  of  social 
attitudes. 

Social  Activities 

Student  life  at  Eastern  in  the  early  days  was  quite  in  keep- 
ing with  the  spirit  of  the  times.  The  student  social  activities 
were  such  as  one  might  expect  in  an  age  when  there  were  no 
automobiles,  no  movies,  no  radios,  and  when  the  dance  had  not 
by  any  means  reached  its  present  status.  The  chaperon  was 
ever  present  with  instructions  to  guard  carefully  the  students 
under  his  or  her  care  from  any  contaminating  influence.  Miss 
Maude  Gibson  was  called  upon  at  one  time  to  chaperon  a  married 
student  with  his  wife  and  child  to  a  fish  supper  in  a  downtown 
restaurant. 

In  the  days  when  life  was  not  so  complex  as  it  is  now,  there 
were  various  simple  activities  which  contributed  to  the  social 


146  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

side  of  life  at  Eastern.  Each  evening  after  supper  the  students 
were  permitted  to  promenade  from  six  to  seven,  keeping  strictly 
to  the  walk,  with  the  assurance  that  the  dean  of  women  would  be 
met  at  frequent  intervals.  Practically  the  entire  student  body 
and  many  of  the  faculty  engaged  rather  regularly  in  this  recrea- 
tion. 

President  Crabbe  followed  the  practice  of  standing  on  the 
steps  of  the  south  entrance  of  Roark  Hall  during  the  periods 
between  classes  and  hastening  the  students  as  they  moved  be- 
tween Roark  and  University  Halls,  by  repeating  rhythmically, 
"All  right,  students,  file  and  to  the  right,  single  file  and  to  the 
right,"  etc.,  in  the  meantime  keeping  time  by  clapping  his  hands 
and  bestowing  upon  the  group  his  famous  smile. 

Then  there  were  such  innocent  pleasures  as  candy  pulls. 
Almost  any  evening  during  the  week,  if  one  chanced  to  look 
through  the  chemistry  laboratory  windows  in  the  Roark  build- 
ing, he  might  see  Professor  G.  D.  Smith  leaning  over  a  huge  cal- 
dron of  boiling  molasses  candy,  with  twenty  or  thirty  boys  and 
girls  in  the  offing  waiting  to  pull  the  delectable  amber  fluid  and 
then  end  the  evening  very  happily  with  such  games  as  clap  in — 
clap  out,  skip  to  M'Lou  and  post  office. 

Again,  a  popular  type  of  party  in  the  early  years  was  the 
corn  huskings  in  the  fall,  held  on  the  college-owned  Stateland 
Farm.  The  chief  entertainment  at  these  affairs  were  the  con- 
tests in  which  both  men  and  women  participated.  Refreshments 
of  apples  and  cider  and  the  walk  to  and  from  the  farm  on  moon- 
lit October  nights  were  sufficient  reward  for  the  labor  expended. 
At  one  of  these  parties  Madame  Piotrowska  wandered  away  from 
the  group,  lost  her  way  in  the  dark,  and  Dr.  Crabbe  bad  to  go  in 
search  of  his  Professor  of  German. 

After  the  organization  of  the  five  Literary  societies  which 
enjoyed  such  long  and  popular  lives,  much  of  the  social  life  was 
centered  about  these  organizations.  One  of  their  weekly  meet- 
ings in  each  month  was  given  over  to  a  "social."  Plays,  games, 
and  farces  were  the  most  popular  forms  of  entertainment.  Fre- 
quently, one  society  entertained  another  society,  sometimes  as 
the  price  of  losing  a  debate  or  an  oratorical  contest. 

Dancing  and  card  playing  were  sternly  forbidden  in  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  147 

early  days.  (As  late  as  1924  women  on  the  faculty  were  not  al- 
lowed to  wear  bobbed  hair.)  There  is  a  record  of  one  student 
from  the  city  of  Richmond  who  was  expelled  for  having  in  his 
possession  a  deck  of  playing  cards.  An  occasional  game  of 
flinch  or  rook  might  be  indulged  in  with  impunity,  but  it  was 
a  long  time  before  card  playing  as  .such  was  tolerated  among  the 
faculty  and  student  body.  The  scent  of  liquor  on  the  breath 
and  smoking  anywhere  on  the  campus  were  sufficient  grounds 
for  expulsion  from  school.  One  faculty  member  who  served  the 
school  in  the  early  period  recalls  how  the  hosts  or  hostesses  of 
guests  who  smoked  carefully  drew  their  shades  before  their 
visitors  could  "indulge  in  a  timid  cigarette/' 

It  is  rather  interesting  to  note  the  evolution  of  the  dance  at 
Eastern.  The  social  gatherings  which  were  the  forerunners  of 
the  dance  were  known  as  plays  and  games,  and  consisted  of  the 
old-fashioned  singing  games  interspersed  with  blind  man's  buff, 
Rachel  and  Jacob,  and  others  of  similar  nature.  As  the  school 
became  more  sophisticated  an  occasional  grand  march  was  per- 
mitted as  something  which  added  zest  to  the  parties,  and  eventu- 
ally, the  Virginia  reel  and  square  dances  were  introduced  with 
appropriate  music.  Occasionally  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  were 
spent  in  social  dancing.  The  gatherings  then  became  dignified 
by  the  title  "Rhythmic  (lames"  and  took  place  each  Saturday 
evening  from  seven  to  nine.  This  went  most  satisfactorily  for  a 
period  of  several  years  with  a  gradual  increase  in  the  length  of 
time  given  the  dance  until  the  games  were  crowded  out  entirely 
and  this  type  of  social  reached  its  present  status,  dignified  by 
the  name  of  formal  dance,  with  imported  orchestras  and  formal 
attire — a  far  cry  indeed  from  the  days  of  blind  man's  buff. 

Dances  at  present,  both  formal  and  informal,  are  sponsored 
by  the  various  extra-curricular  organizations.  In  the  last  few 
years  the  social  committee  representing  the  college  has  given 
several  informal  and  strictly  student  dances  following  basket- 
ball games.  Occasionally  some  organization  gives  a  Dutch  dance 
or  other  type  of  informal  dance. 

All  formal  dances  are  sponsored  by  different  organizations 
for  a  dual  purpose  :  first,  to  provide  a  source  of  entertainment: 
and  second,  to  make  money  for  other  activities  of  the  organiza- 


148  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

tion.  These  dances  are  held  in  the  small  gymnasium  under  the 
general  supervision  of  the  social  committee,  although  the  club 
giving  the  dance  is  directly  responsible.  Many  really  beautiful 
events  have  taken  place  under  this  plan;  some  of  the  junior 
proms  have  been  unusually  striking  in  beauty  and  in  the  elabo- 
rateness with  which  they  were  planned. 

The  form  of  social  entertainment  that  has  been  most  con- 
sistently continued  at  Eastern  is  the  reception,  given  either  by 
the  president  and  his  wife,  or  by  the  school  itself,  and  sponsored 
by  the  social  committee. 

The  first  receptions  at  Eastern  were  held  in  the  old  Central 
University  gymnasium  which  stood  on  the  site  now  occupied  by 
the  library.  These  functions  were  formal  and  semi-religious  in 
character.  Professor  Booth  pronounced  the  invocation,  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Roark  received  the  guests,  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  and 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  assisted  in  entertaining.  Simple  refreshments, 
usually  a  lemon  punch,  were  served.  There  were  two  of  these 
receptions  annually,  in  the  fall  and  in  the  spring.  Indeed,  social 
functions  were  then  more  or  less  frowned  upon.  Training  teach- 
ers in  subject  matter  and  method  was  an  altogether  serious  busi- 
ness and  practically  no  attention  was  given  to  the  development 
of  the  social  graces. 

It  was  President  Crabbe's  custom  to  entertain  the  faculty, 
students,  and  citizens  of  Richmond  at  an  annual  reception  on  the 
lawn  in  front  of  Roark  Hall.  These  receptions  were  character- 
ized by  dignity  and  beauty.  Japanese  lanterns  were  hung 
among  the  maple  trees  and  a  large  and  graceful  basket,  which 
had  been  made  by  Mrs.  Stanton  Hume  and  filled  with  pink  ramb- 
ler roses,  adorned  an  enormous  round  table.  Individually 
molded  ices  and  cakes  were  served  by  white-jacketed  servants, 
while  an  orchestra  played  exquisite  music. 

President  and  Mrs.  Coates  held  a  reception  for  faculty  and 
students  each  semester.  For  a  while  these  receptions  were  held 
in  the  president's  home.  Mr.  Coates  usually  stood  in  the  small 
reception  room  at  the  left  while  Mrs.  Coates  and  some  of  their 
sons  and  daughters  received  the  guests  in  the  larger  room  across 
the  hall.  As  the  student  body  grew  in  numbers,  these  receptions 
were  held  in  various  places, — in  Roark  Hall,  where  different 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         149 

members  of  the  faculty  received  in  the  various  classrooms,  on 
the  lawn  in  front  of  Roark  Hall,  in  Sullivan  Hall,  and  much 
later  in  Burnam  Hall.  Every  member  of  the  faculty  was  ex- 
pected to  stand  in  the  receiving  line  and  shake  the  hand  of  each 
student. 

President  Coates  initiated  the  custom  of  giving  a  reception 
to  the  senior  class  during  commencement  week.  At  several  of  these 
receptions,  the  members  of  the  senior  class  lined  up  and  marched 
into  the  president's  home,  going  down  the.  receiving  line  in  regu- 
lar order.  Several  times  the  seniors  wore  their  caps  and  gowns. 
Later,  this  practice  was  dropped  and  the  receptions  became  more 
colorful  with  the  senior  girls  dressed  in  dainty  summer  gowns. 

Since  the  student  body  has  become  so  large,  all  social  func- 
tions in  the  nature  of  receptions  are  held  out  of  doors  during  the 
summer.  If  for  any  reason  the  reception  is  held  indoors,  the 
students  are  sectioned  into  groups  and  invited  for  different 
hours  of  the  evening.  It  is  now  the  custom  to  have  one  grand 
reception  for  all  at  the  beginning  of  the  summer  school.  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Donovan,  assisted  by  some  of  the  faculty,  receive  the 
students  on  the  lawn  in  front  of  Burnam  Hall.  Refreshments 
may  be  served  from  tables  on  the  lawn  or  in  the  recreation 
room  of  Burnam  Hall. 

Excursions 
Trips  and  out-of-door  parties  of  all  kinds  have  always  found 
favor  with  Eastern  students  and  faculty.  The  Richmond  ceme- 
tery was  once  a  favorite  destination  for  strolling  groups  and 
couples  on  Sunday  afternoons,  and  was  used  by  the  students 
much  as  a  city  park  would  have  been  used.  Many  an  Eastern 
swain  has  bent  his  knee  before  a  tombstone  rather  than  a  chair 
to  ask  for  the  heart  and  hand  of  the  lady  of  his  choice.  Reported 
misconduct  and  changes  in  the  social  world  were  finally  respon- 
sible for  the  decline  in  popularity  of  the  cemetery  as  a  social 
center. 

Lake  Reba  (the  city  reservoir)  and  a  grove  a  mile  or  two 
from  Richmond  on  the  Barnes  Mill  road  were  always  popular 
places  for  picnics  and  wiener  roasts.  The  former  place  con- 
tinues to  be  the  most  favored  picnic  ground  at  present.  Some- 
times the  trips  to  these  places  were  under  the  direction  of  Profes- 


150  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

sor  G.  D.  Smith,  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  specimens  for  his 
botany  and  biology  classes;  at  other  times  they  may  have  been 
sponsored  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  by  one  of  the 
literary  societies,  or  by  some  other  organization. 

In  the  first  years  of  the  school,  those  who  liked  the  out-of- 
doors  took  frequent  and  delightful  trips  to  the  "mountains." 
A  trip  of  that  sort  was  quite  an  undertaking.  Having  no  auto- 
mobiles, the  students  left  on  the  midnight  train  for  Berea,  and 
hiked  from  the  station  to  East  or  West  Pinnacle  to  see  the  sun 
rise  over  the  mountains.  They  then  cooked  bacon  and  coffee 
over  an  open  fire  and  roamed  the  hills  until  time  to  catch  the 
return  noon  train  at  Berea.  Hiking  costumes  were  not  per- 
mitted on  the  train,  so  the  girls  wore  their  gymnasium  suits, 
which  consisted  of  full  black  bloomers  and  middy  blouses  dis- 
creetly hidden  from  view  by  long  full  skirts.  They  were  per- 
mitted to  leave  their  skirts  at  a  farm  house  at  the  foot  of  the 
mountain,  donning  them  again  when  they  started  for  the  train. 
Many  of  these  trips  were  organized  and  managed  by  professor 
G.  D.  Smith.  He  always  took  numerous  pictures  of  the  groups, 
and,  when  he  had  developed  the  films,  sold  the  prints  to  the 
students.  He  also  organ'zed  and  directed  several  trips  to  the 
Kentucky  Natural  Bridge. 

Another  type  of  amusement  consisted  of  barge  trips  on  the 
Kentucky  Elver,  which  took  place  on  moonlit  summer  nights  for 
the  enjoyment  of  faculty  and  students.  Mr.  Allen  Zaring  of  the 
Zaring  Milling  Company,  like  Cinderella's  fairy  godmother, 
furnished  the  means  of  transportation,  except  that  instead  of 
using  a  pumpkin  coach,  he  used  his  orange-colored  mill  wagons 
to  transport  the  students  to  and  from  the  barge  landing  at 
Boonesborough.  However,  while  these  trips  were  innocent 
enough  in  themselves,  it  was  rumored  that  dancing  was  indulged 
in  occasionally  and  secretly,  and  the  barge  trips  were  abolished 
for  a  while. 

After  Hie  establishment  of  the  separate  Geography  and 
Geology  Dcparlnienl  in  1928,  and  the  enlargement  and  enrich- 
ment of  ils  curriculum.  Dr.  L.  G.  Eennamer  and  ^\ I i ss  Mary 
Frances  IVTcKinney  of  thai  department  organized  a  regular  series 

of  trips  which  were  taken  each  summer.     These  trips  were  made 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  151 

by  bus  for  one,  two  or  three  days,  and  included  any  students 
who  cared  to  take  them.  They  were  both  social  and  instructional 
in  character.  They  were  regularly  advertized  in  the  catalogue, 
and  used  as  an  added  attraction  to  bring  students  to  the  summer 
school  at  Eastern.  They  included  one  or  more  trips  each  summer 
to  Cumberland  Falls,  Cumberland  Gap  and  the  Creech  Coal 
Mine  at  Wallins  Creek,  Natural  Bridge,  the  Blue  Grass  Area, 
Mammoth  Cave,  and  an  all-day  barge  trip  down  the  Kentucky 
Kiver  to  Valley  View  and  return.  These  trips  were  very  popular 
and  worth  while  until  the  depression  depleted  student  resources 
so  greatly  that  they  could  no  longer  be  afforded. 

Other  pleasure  excursions  include  trips  taken  by  bus  loads  of 
students,  who  frequently  follow  their  athletic  teams  to  neighbor- 
ing colleges,  and  week-end  trips  taken  by  certain  groups  to  Cum- 
berland Falls  and  Herrington  Lake.  Many  other  trips  that  are 
primarily  instructional  in  nature,  but  are  necessarily  social  in 
character  have  also  been  taken  within  the  last  decade.  These 
include  visits  made  by  the  chemistry  classes  to  see  the  chemical 
and  industrial  plants  at  Cincinnati,  by  the  government  classes 
to  legislative  sessions  and  state  institutions  at  Frankfort,  by 
geography  and  home  economics  classes  to  study  the  T.  V.  A. 
project  at  Norris,  Tennessee,  by  geology  and  biology  classes  for 
the  collection  and  study  of  specimens,  by  the  musical  organiza- 
tions to  give  programs  over  the  radio,  or  before  the  K.  E.  A., 
and  by  athletic  teams  for  games  that  are  played  away  from 
home.  Students  also  attend  the  K.  E.  A.  in  large  numbers,  some- 
times in  groups,  but  most  frequently  as  individuals. 

No  story  of  the  excursions  taken  by  Eastern  students  ami 
faculty  would  be  complete  without  making  a  record  of  the  trip 
taken  in  1934  to  Frankfort  to  urge  the  Legislature  to  pass  a  tax 
measure  that  would  give  support  to  Eastern  and  to  all  the  other 
educational,  penal,  and  charitable  institutions  of  the  State.  The 
entire  student  body  and  faculty,  totaling  some  1,400  individuals 
made  this  trip  by  two  special  trains,  leaving  in  the  early  morn- 
ing and  returning  in  the  early  evening.  After  arriving  in 
Frankfort,  Eastern  students  and  faculty,  led  by  the  college 
band,  joined  the  other  organizations  in  a  parade  through  the 
streets  of  Frankfort,  up  to  and  into  the  capitol  building. 


152  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Outdoor  Campus  Programs 

One  of  the  very  prominent  campus  activities  during  the 
administration  of  Dr.  Crabbe  was  the  annual  May-day  festival. 
The  date  for  these  festivals  seems  not  to  have  always  been  the 
first  day  of  May,  but  the  first  Friday  in  the  month.  They  were 
gala  occasions  in  which  every  one  participated  from  the  oldest 
and  most  decrepit  school  marm  or  master  enrolled  to  the  youngest 
first  grader,  and  from  the  president  of  the  college  to  the  janitors. 
The  children  of  the  training  school  with  their  critics  and  practice 
teachers  rehearsed  for  weeks  upon  the  songs,  pageants,  and 
dances  in  which  they  participated.  These  programs  were  given 
on  the  campus  in  the  ravine  between  Roark  and  Sullivan  Halls. 
A  temporary  platform  was  usually  provided  for  the  leading 
officers  and  others.  These  programs  were  veritable  three-ring 
circuses  with  several  dances  in  progress  at  the  same  time.  Nor- 
mal school  students  participated  in  the  elaborate  pageants  and 
musical  programs.  Costumes  for  the  children  and  the  students 
were  very  elaborate,  colorful,  and  costly,  both  in  time  and  money. 
Despite  the  fact  that  it  almost  invariably  rained,  ruining  May- 
pole streamers  and  crepe  paper,  cheese  cloth  and  more  costly 
costumes,  and  driving  the  audience  and  cast  into  University 
Building,  the  same  amount  of  hard  work  and  enthusiasm  was 
expended  on  the  preparation  of  the  next  year's  program. 

The  typical  May-day  festivities  in  the  afternoon  were  not 
by  any  means  the  whole  of  these  programs.  The  classrooms 
and  halls  of  both  the  Model  School  and  Normal  School  buildings 
were  covered  with  exhibits  of  the  students'  work.  The  Rich- 
mond city  schools  always  dismissed  for  this  program,  but  the 
critic  teachers  taught  until  noon  for  the  hordes  of  parents  and 
other  visitors  who  flocked  to  the  campus  that  day.  These  visitors 
entertained  themselves  until  noon  by  examining  the  exhibits, 
observing  classes,  and  attending  the  chapel  program.  At  noon 
visitors,  students,  and  faculty  all  had  lunch  on  the  campus, 
spread  on  the  fresh  young  grass  in  the  shade  cast  by  the  tender 
new  leaves  of  the  many  campus  trees. 

After  the  regular  May-day  program  in  the  afternoon,  a 
baseball  game  was  scheduled,  though  this  game  was  frequently 
canceled   because   of  darkness   or   rain.      The   evening   found   a 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  153 

tired  faculty  and  student  body,  together  with  their  visitors,  as- 
sembled in  the  auditorium  of  the  University  Building  to  receive 
enthusiastically  the  efforts  of  a  group  of  amateur  actors  in  a 
play,  sponsored  by  one  of  the  literary  societies  or  some  other 
organization. 

No  institution,  outside  the  school  itself,  has  exercised  more 
influence  upon  Eastern  Students  of  the  past  than  the  Kedpath 
Chautauqua.  This  institution  first  came  to  Eastern  and  to  Rich- 
mond in  the  summer  of  1912  and  continued  through  the  summer 
of  1932. 

About  the  first  of  July  each  year,  a  general  superintendent 
with  a  service  crew  of  some  three  or  four  young  men  arrived  in 
Richmond.  They  proceeded  to  decorate  the  streets  with  strings 
of  triangular-shaped  flags  strung  across  the  street  from  tele- 
phone pole  to  telephone  pole,  and  to  tack  up  long  lines  of  red 
arrows  pointing  to  the  campus  and  to  the  Redpath  tent.  Then 
every  student  who  could  spare  the  time,  went  out  to  the  baseball 
field  to  see  them  erect  their  giant  tent,  the  stage,  the  canvas 
fence,  ticket  booth,  and  lemonade  stand,  and  to  help  them  set  up 
the  folding  benches  and  chairs.  These  young  men  of  the  crew 
were  college  boys  who  were  working  during  the  summer  months, 
and  they  soon  made  friends  with  Eastern  boys  and  girls. 

One  has  to  have  lived  in  a  world  that  knew  nothing  of 
radios,  talkies,  and  automobiles  that  make  possible  frequent 
trips  to  Louisville,  Lexington,  or  Cincinnati  for  an  evening's 
entertainment,  to  appreciate  fully  what  the  chautauqua  meant 
to  the  people  of  that  period  and  to  understand  why  it  later 
passed  out  of  existence.  Tickets  were  sold  to  students  at  half 
the  price  they  were  sold  to  the  citizens  of  Richmond  and  Madi- 
son County,  and  every  one  who  could  possibly  get  the  necessary 
$1.50  bought  a  ticket  and  went.  Students  were  encouraged  to 
attend  and  usually  did  so.  For  seven  whole  days,  both  after- 
noon and  evening,  they  were  allowed  to  have  dates  for  attending 
Chautauqua  and  they  took  full  advantage  of  their  opportunities. 
The  people  of  Richmond  and  Madison  County  attended  in  large 
numbers.  It  was  the  cultural  opportunity  of  the  year.  Many 
of  them  came  for  the  morning  programs,  which  were  usually  for 
children,  and  spent  the  entire  day.     Others  came  for  the  after- 


154  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

noon  program  and  stayed  for  the  evening  performance,  bringing 
picnic  suppers  with  them.  They  supplemented  these  with  ice 
cream  cones,  and  quantities  of  lemonade  bought  on  the  grounds. 
The  early  programs  were  excellent,  declining  in  quality  as 
the  decreasing  attendance  made  fewer  funds  available.  But 
there  were  given  from  those  platforms  some  of  the  best  programs 
ever  given  in  Richmond :  speakers  upon  many  varied  and  inter- 
esting topics,  music  (instrumental  and  vocal),  bands,  opera, 
plays,  light  opera,  and  always  a  magician.  Many  of  the  out- 
standing men  (including  William  Jennings  Bryan)  and  women 
of  this  and  other  countries  have  played  their  parts  on  the  Red- 
path  Chautauqua  stage  before  an  Eastern  audience  and  left 
their  imprint  upon  her  student  body. 

Social  Activities  of  Various  Student  axd 
Faculty  Organizations 

Much  of  the  very  essence  of  student  life  at  Eastern  has  been 
centered  around  the  activities  of  the  various  student  organiza- 
tions. The  Utopian  Literary  Society,  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  Wren  Jones  Grinstead,  gave  at  least  two  Greek  plays.  Later 
the  Sigma  Lambda  (Foreign  Language  Club),  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mrs.  Janet  Murbach  and  Miss  Mabel  Pollitt  gave  Trojan 
Women  two  different  years.  The  first  presentation  of  this 
tragedy  was  given  on  the  steps  and  terrace  in  front  of  the 
library,  and  the  second,  given  after  the  erection  of  the  Admin- 
istration Building,  used  the  entrance  steps  and  portico  of  that 
building  as  the  setting. 

Before  the  organization  of  the  Little  Theatre  Club,  most  of 
the  efforts  at  dramatic  productions  were  done  by  the  various 
literary  societies  or  by  the  senior  classes.  Since  the  birth  of  that 
club,  however,  it  has  sponsored  many  of  the  plays  and  pageants 
given  on  Eastern's  campus.  Rehearsals  for  these,  with  all  the 
attendant  work,  associations  and  training,  have  left  their  impress 
upon  the  lives  of  the  members  of  this  club,  sometimes  in  the  form 
of  courtships  and  marriages  for  the  various  members  of  a  cast. 
This  el  ul)  has  all  em  pi  ed  some  very  ambitious  tasks.  One  of  the 
finesl  pieces  of  work  it  lias  done  was  in  the  spring  of  1935,  when 
it  presented  Twelfth  Xiijhl. 


Easteen  Kentucky  State  Teachees  College  155 

Since  the  reorganization  of  the  music  department  under 
President  Donovan's  administration,  the  various  musical  organ- 
izations have  done  outstanding  work.  The  band  and  orchestra 
have  played  for  various  school  programs,  athletic  games,  radio 
broadcasts,  and  at  various  community  and  civic  events.  The 
glee  clubs  have  likewise  made  an  appreciable  contribution  to  stu- 
dent life.  Their  programs  for  the  baccalaureate  and  commence- 
ment have  been  outstanding,  and  their  Palm  Sunday  vesper 
service,  established  in  1930,  is  becoming  one  of  the  beautiful 
traditions  of  Eastern.  At  least  two  band  concerts  and  festivals 
by  the  combined  bands  of  Berea,  Transylvania,  and  Eastern  have 
been  given  at  each  of  the  three  schools. 

Pajama  parties  and  other  informal  social  events  for  the 
girls  in  the  dormitories  are  very  popular.  For  the  last  six  years, 
the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  has  entertained  all  the  girls  at  such  a  party  on 
the  last  evening  they  are  on  the  campus  before  the  Christmas 
holidays  begin.  An  open  wood  fire  in  the  recreation  room  is 
the  center  around  which  this  party  is  held. 

The  Open  Forum,  during  the  years  that  it  led  such  an 
active  existence,  played  an  important  part  in  the  student  life  on 
the  campus.  That  organization  brought  to  the  college  eight  dif- 
ferent art  exhibits  of  original  paintings,  etchings,  and  block 
prints.  Five  of  these  exhibits  were  from  the  Metropolitan  Art 
Museum,  and  were  displayed  for  several  days  in  the  halls  of 
Roark  Building.  This  organization  was  also  responsible  for 
increased  interest  in  scholarship.  Two  plaques,  upon  whose 
surfaces  are  engraved  the  names  of  the  outstanding  students 
in  scholarship  during  those  years,  now  hang  in  the  library.  The 
Open  Forum  worked  upon  the  question  of  student  government 
at  Eastern,  but  this  effort  proved  abortive. 

The  Open  Forum  was  responsible  for  the  establishment  of 
the  Student  Loan  Fund.  A  nucleus  of  less  than  one  hundred 
dollars,  the  accumulated  profit  from  several  plays,  had  been 
left  in  the  hands  of  the  business  agent  of  the  college  to  be  used 
for  students  "in  emergencies."  From  this  nucleus  the  fund 
has  grown  to  more  than  three  thousand  dollars.  Most  of  this 
amount  has  come  from  contributions  from  the  Regents  of  the 
college,  from  the  faculty,  from  alumni  and  students,  and  from 


156  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

interested  friends  of  the  college.  One  hundred  twenty-five  mem- 
bers of  one  freshman  class,  under  the  sponsorship  of  Dr.  Anna 
A.  Schnieb,  the  founder  of  the  Open  Forum,  each  contributed 
one  dollar,  which  the  student  had  either  earned  or  saved.  A 
number  of  different  organizations  have  given  various  types  of 
benefits  for  this  fund,  or  have  contributed  the  surplus  in  their 
treasuries  at  the  end  of  the  year. 

This  fund  is  now  incorporated  with  all  the  rights  pertaining 
to  such  an  organization.  Students  make  application  for  loans 
in  writing.  These  applications  are  then  presented  and  the 
student  appears  before  the  committee.  Satisfactory  security 
must  be  offered,  the  scholarship  and  character  of  the  applicant 
must  be  good,  and  there  must  be  reasonable  assurance  that  the 
student  will  have  a  position  upon  the  completion  of  his  work  in 
the  college.  Many  students  have  found  it  possible  to  complete 
some  unit  or  the  whole  of  their  college  work  because  of  this  fund. 
Proof  of  the  wise  administration  of  the  fund  is  found  in  the  fact 
that  while  many  students  have  been  helped  during  the  thirteen 
years  of  the  existence  of  the  fund,  less  than  two  hundred  dollars 
has  not  yet  been  repaid. 

Other  student  organizations  like  the  Elementary  Council 
Sigma  Tau  Pi  (Commerce  Club),  the  World  Affairs  Club  (a 
member  of  the  International  Relations  Clubs,  sponsored  by  the 
Carnegie  Foundation  for  International  Peace),  and  the  Rural 
Life  Club  have  entertained  from  year  to  year  with  various  social 
affairs,  teas,  banquets,  and  dances.  Some  of  these  clubs  have 
brought  speakers  of  national  and  international  prominence  to 
the  campus.  More  has  been  done  in  this  line  of  endeavor  dur- 
ing the  past  six  or  eight  years  than  previously. 

For  many  years  the  president  of  the  college  has  appointed 
a  faculty  committee,  whose  responsibility  it  is  to  invest  an  appro- 
priation, taken  from  the  student  fees,  in  cultural  programs. 
This  committee  has  been  known  by  various  titles,  as  the  Lyceum 
Committee,  or  the  Fine  Arts  and  Entertainment  Committee,  but 
its  duties  have  varied  less  than  its  name.  This  committee  lias 
brought  to  the  campus  many  good  programs,  speakers  on  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  music  of  all  types,  dancers,  and  plays.  Some 
of  the  outstanding  talent  brought  to  the  students  by  this  means 
includes  the  Ben  Greet  Players;  The  Ted  Shawn  Dancers;  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  157 

Coffer-Miller  Players;  the  Stuart  Walker  Players;  Louise  Stall- 
ing^; The  Theatre  Guild  Production  of  Elizabeth  the  Queen; 
Ralph  Warren  Soule,  tenor;  The  Cincinnati  Little  Symphony 
Orchestra ;  the  Russian  Chorus ;  the  opera,  Barber  of  Seville; 
the  opera,  Hansel  and  Gretal;  the  Pavleyonkrainsky  Balett ;  and 
the  Herbert  Petrie  Quartet,  known  as  the  White  Huzzars. 

Another  faculty  committee  whose  efforts  have  had  a  great 
influence  upon  the  student  body  is  the  Social  Committee.  For 
many  years  the  duties  of  this  committee  concerned  the  super- 
vision of  such  socials  as  were  given  by  the  college.  The  policy 
of  the  committee  was  changed  in  1930.  At  that  time,  Miss  Eliza 
Hughes  was  made  chairman,  and  in  addition  to  faculty  members 
serving,  each  student  organization  appointed  a  representative 
to  the  committee.  In  addition  to  the  duties  it  had  previously 
had,  the  new  student-faculty  committee  was  given  the  responsi- 
bility of  formulating  a  social  policy  and  calendar  for  the  school 
year.  Out  of  the  work  of  this  group  grew  the  present  code  for 
the  scheduling  and  conduct  of  dances,  and  the  present  program 
of  social  entertainment  sponsored  by  the  college. 

Because  the  committee  was  so  large  that  it  became  unwieldy, 
the  number  of  faculty  members  was  reduced  in  1933  and  the 
student  representatives  were  limited  to  two — a  man  and  a  woman 
— from  each  of  the  four  college  classes.  This  committee,  out  of 
its  appropriation  from  year  to  year,  has  purchased  sufficient 
linens,  silvers,  glass  and  china  to  take  care  of  the  serving  of 
refreshments  at  various  college  functions. 

After  President  Donovan  came  to  Eastern,  he  conceived  the 
plan  of  having  an  annual  barbecue  during  the  second  summer 
term  of  each  year.  This  has  since  become  an  annual  project  of 
the  social  committee.  The  enrollment  is  relatively  small  at  that 
time  and  the  barbecue  is  really  a  large  family  party.  Invita- 
tions are  limited  strictly  to  the  faculty  and  employees  of  the 
college  and  their  families,  and  to  the  students  and  their  families. 
One  of  the  finest  things  about  this  social  event  is  the  opportunity 
that  it  gives  the  families  of  the  summer  school  students  to  join 
with  the  student  body  and  faculty  in  an  evening's  pleasure. 

A  faculty  and  student  committee  slaughter  and  roast  a  beef, 
the  cafeteria  force  prepare  the  remainder  of  the  food,  and  the 


158  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

faculty  serve  this  repast  to  their  gue.sts  from  long  tables  on  the 
picnic  grounds  on  the  college  farm.  Barrels  of  ice  water  and 
lemonade  and  huge  freezers  of  ice  cream  are  also  served  by 
faculty  members  to  an  appreciative  group  of  visitors. 

A  week  or  ten  days  before  the  barbecue,  the  students  are 
divided  into  groups,  usually  on  a  county  or  district  basis.  These 
groups  each  prepare  some  sort  of  ' '  stunt ' ',  most  frequently  some 
burlesque  or  farce,  and  after  the  supper  has  been  served  and 
consumed,  the  evening  is  given  to  the  presentation  of  the  stunts. 
The  winning  group  is  rewarded  with  a  goodly  number  of  ice- 
cold  watermelons,  so  that  that  group  has  another  evening  of  fun 
together  at  the  time  it  collects  and  consumes  the  reward  of  its 
labors.  Many  of  these  programs  have  been  highly  entertaining, 
and  all  have  afforded  hilarious  good  times  to  both  the  partici- 
pants and  the  audience.  Fortune  has  smiled  upon  this  partic- 
ular bit  of  good  times  at  Eastern;  only  one  time  has  rain  run 
the  merrymakers  inside  for  their  suppers  and  program. 

Religious  Life  of  the  Students 
Although  the  school  is  a  state  institution  and  not  a  "church 
school"  in  the  sense  that  it  is  denominational,  there  has  always 
been  a  very  definite  place  for  religion  and  religious  organizations 
on  Eastern's  campus.  Students  here  come  principally  from 
eastern,  northern,  and  central  Kentucky.  This  territory  is  one 
in  which  the  Protestant  churches  predominate.  As  a  result, 
most  of  the  students  at  Eastern  are  members  of,  or  have  a  pref- 
erence for,  one  of  these  denominations.  There  have  always 
been,  however,  some  students  who  are  affiliated  with  the  Catholic. 
Episcopalian,  and  Jewish  groups. 

A  rather  large  percentage  of  students,  while  in  school  here, 
take  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  the  church  of  their  choice. 
Some  few  transfer  their  memberships  for  the  period  of  their 
residence  here,  but  this  number  is  not  Large.  In  the  first  years 
of  the  life  (if  the  school,  when  the  student  body  as  a  whole  was 
older  than  the  present  one.  and  when  there  were  fewer  other 
forms  of  social  life,  the  percentage  taking  an  active  part  in  the 
work  of  the  churches  was  probably  larger  than  it  is  at  present. 
This  participation  probably  reached   its  height   during  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  159 

administration  of  President  Crabbe.  Both  he  and  Mrs.  Crabbe 
were  very  ardent  church  members  and  took  an  outstanding  part 
in  the  religious  life  of  the  town.  President  Crabbe  expected  and 
required  his  faculty  and  .students  to  do  likewise.  During  this 
period  most  of  the  chapel  programs  were  religions  in  character, 
and  no  program  of  any  type  was  held  on  the  campus  without  an 
invocation  and  a  benediction.  Religious  speakers  and  workers 
were  entertained  by  the  school  frequently  and  for  several  days 
at  a  time.  At  least  one  revival,  strictly  for  students  and  con- 
tinuing for  two  weeks,  was  held  in  the  auditorium  in  University 
Hall.  The  leader  was  one  Reverend  Lamar  from  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  a  very  emotional  man,  who  conducted  his  services  as 
the  typical  revivals  were  conducted  at  that  time.  The  faculty 
were  required  to  attend  and  sit  on  the  stage  with  the  evangelist, 
and,  incidentally,  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  meeting. 

The  Baptist  Church  has  probably  received  the  greatest  par- 
ticipation from  the  student  body  in  the  last  six  or  eight  years. 
There  are  usually  more  students  of  Baptist  preference  enrolled 
in  the  college  than  from  any  other  denomination,  and  this  church 
has  been  very  active  in  its  work  with  these  young  people.  For 
three  years  the  Southern  Baptist  Board  maintained  a  student 
secretary  on  the  campus.  This  secretary  was  always  a  young 
woman,  who  was  enrolled  as  a  student  carrying  a  partial  college 
schedule  and  devoting  the  remainder  of  her  time  to  the  work  of 
her  church  on  the  campus.  The  organization  in  this  church  for 
college  students  is  known  as  the  Baptist  Student  Union,  and  has 
a  large  and  active  membership.  All  the  churches  have  Sunday 
School  classes  organized  especially  for  student  groups.  These 
young  people  participate  also  as  teachers  in  the  Sunday  Schools 
Knd  as  members  and  officers  of  the  various  young  people's  socie- 
ties. Most  of  the  faculty  are  now,  and  have  always  been  inter- 
ested and  valuable  workers  and  leaders  in  church  organizations. 

In  addition  to  their  affiliation  with  the  local  church  organ- 
izations, the  students  have  always  maintained  one  or  two  non- 
denominational  religious  organizations.  These  are  the  Young 
AVomen's  Christian  Association  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association.  The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  was  established  under  the  spon- 
sorship of  Miss  Lena  Gertrude  Rolling,  a  member  of  the  Model 


160  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

School  faculty,  in  1907,  and  has  been  in  continuous  existence 
since  that  time.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  organized  some  time 
within  the  next  year  or  two,  although  the  exact  date  is  not  now 
known.  Professor  G.  D.  Smith  and  Professor  I.  H.  Boothe  were 
the  organizers  and  sponsors.  This  organization  ceased  to  exist 
during  the  years  of  the  World  War,  clue  to  two  facts :  first,  the 
lack  of  men  on  the  campus,  and,  second,  the  disfavor  into  which 
that  organization  came  during  the  War.  For  a  few  years  it  was 
replaced  by  an  organization  known  as  the  Men's  Club.  Then  in 
1928,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  reorganized  under  the  leadership  of 
Dr.  J.  T.  Dorris.  Previous  to  1930  the  two  associations  were 
wholly  separate  in  organization  and  works.  Since  1930,  while 
still  maintaining  different  organizations,  and  membership  in 
national  and  state  affiliations,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
have  joint  services  and  share  jointly  the  responsibility  of  the 
projects  undertaken. 

These  organizations  have  long  been  active  in  benevolent 
work.  During  the  past  decade  they  have  paid  the  hospital  and 
medical  expenses  of  several  deserving  students  who  had  to  have 
medical  or  surgical  treatment  but  were  not  able  to  pay  for  it. 

In  1910  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  had  a  Christmas  tree  and  party  for 
ten  or  twelve  of  the  unfortunate  children  of  the  city  of  Rich- 
mond who  had  come  under  their  observation.  This  tree  and 
party  have  been  held  annually  since  that  time  and  have  grown, 
both  in  the  number  of  children  invited  and  in  the  gifts  given, 
until  the  Christmas  of  1935,  when  one  hundred  children  were 
present.  Most  of  the  faculty  and  many  non-member  students 
contribute  to  the  support  of  these  organizations  and  to  the  work 
they  do. 

One  of  the  beautiful  services  at  Eastern  that  has  already 
become  a  traditional  part  of  the  life  of  the  college,  since  its 
inauguration  in  1930,  is  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.-Y.  M.  C.  A.  Christmas 
Vesper  Service — The  Hanging  of  the  Greens.  This  service  is 
held  in  the  lobby  of  Burnam  Hall  and  is  participated  in  by  a 
hundred  students.  A  candle  procession  and  the  ceremony  of 
decorating  the  hall  wilh  ropes  and  wreathes  of  Christmas  greens 
are  integral  parts  of  the  services. 

In  1930  these  two  organizations  held  their  first  "Retreat" 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  161 

at  the  state  Y.  M.  C.  A.  camp  near  Valley  View  on  the  Kentucky 
River,  This,  week-end  spent  tog-ether  each  spring  by  the  outgo- 
ing- and  incoming  cabinets  is  used  for  inspirational  services  and 
for  the  planning  of  the  coming  year's  program.  These  programs 
in  addition  to  the  two  projects  already  described,  include  plans 
for  the  conduct  of  weekly  vesper  services  on  the  campus,  the  con- 
duct of  daily  ten-minute  devotional  services,  the  bringing  of  out- 
standing religious  leaders  to  the  campus,  the  encouragement  of 
character  development  through  the  annual  giving  of  the  Student 
Service  Award,  the  social  service  work  among  Eastern  students, 
and  a  Freshman  Week  guidance  and  social  program. 

For  years  these  organizations  have  sent  from  one  to  six  or 
eight  delegates  to  the  Southern  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Conference  at  Blue 
Ridge,  North  Carolina,  and  several  times  they  have  been  repre- 
sented at  national  conferences  held  in  some  of  the  larger  cities 
of  the  United  States. 

Student  Labor 

Eastern  has  always  employed  students  to  do  much  of  the 
work  on  the  campus.  The  number  of  students  so  employed  has 
grown  with  the  growth  of  the  student  body  and  the  increasing 
need  for  services  of  various  kinds.  In  like  manner  the  rate  paid 
per  hour  for  services  has  changed. 

A  faculty  committee  on  student  labor  determines  the  poli- 
cies that  shall  operate  in  the  employment  of  students.  Briefly, 
these  are :  first,  a  scholarship  standing  of  one  point ;  second,  good 
conduct ;  third,  loyalty  to  the  college  and  its  activities ;  fourth, 
efficiency  in  the  work  done.  Consideration  is  also  given  to  the 
actual  need  of  the  student  for  some  means  of  earning  part  of  his 
expenses. 

The  number  of  students  now  working  for  the  college  average 
about  one  hundred  twenty-five.  These  students  are  employed 
on  the  office  staff,  in  the  dormitories,  in  the  library,  in  the  cafe- 
teria, in  the  laboratories,  on  the  campus,  and  on  the  college  farm. 
Most  of  these  students  earn  twenty,  twenty-five,  0r  thirty  cents 
per  hour,  depending  upon  the  type  of  work  done,  and  work  from 
six  or  eight  to  twenty-five  hours  per  week.  Many  young  men 
or  women  have  been  enabled  to  attend  college  here  because  of 
this  opportunity  to  earn  a  part  of  their  expenses.     Service  in  the 

E.  s.  T.  c— 6 


162  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

college  cafeteria  and  bakery  shop  is  performed  wholly  by  student 
labor.  For  years  two  young  men  have  acted  in  turn  as  night- 
watchman  on  the  campus,  making  the  change  at  midnight. 

During  the  years  1934,  1935,  and  1936,  the  United  States 
Government,  through  the  F.  E.  R.  A.  and  the  N.  Y.  A.  organiza- 
tions, has  provided  funds  to  employ  from  one  hundred  to  one 
hundred  ten  other  students.  These  students  are  employed 
under  the  regulations  sent  out  by  the  directors  of  these  organiza- 
tions. Most  of  these  students  are  employed  in  clerical  or  secre- 
tarial work  or  are  are  used  to  supplement  the  staff  employed  by 
the  college  in  places  where  student  labor  is  used.  These  funds 
have  made  it  possible  for  many  deserving  students  to  attend 
college  during  the  years  when  the  financial  conditions  of  their 
families  would  otherwise  have  made  this  impossible. 

In  addition  to  employment  on  the  campus  and  farm,  many 
students  find  work  independent  of  the  college.  They  serve  in 
restaurants  and  hotel  dining  rooms,  clerk  in  stores,  tend  fur- 
naces, mow  lawns,  or  find  other  work  to  do  in  the  homes  of  Rich- 
mond. The  people  of  the  city  cooperate  nicely  with  the  school 
in  the  employment  of  students  and  probably  use  almost  as  much 
student  help  as  the  college  itself  does.  Many  of  these  students 
receive  their  pay  in  the  form  of  room  and  board. 

Student  and  Faculty  Relationships 
One  of  the  most  permanent  and  satisfying  aspects  of  campus 
life  at  Eastern  is  found  in  the  student-faculty  relationships.  In 
the  first  years  of  the  school  a  number  of  faculty  homes  were 
always  open  to  students  and  they  seem  to  have  been  centers  in 
which  students  gathered  for  parties  and  other  social  eA'ents.  One 
only  has  to  travel  through  central  and  eastern  Kentucky  and 
talk  with  men  and  women  who  were  students  at  Eastern  in  those 
days  to  realize  how  much  these  contacts  meant  to  them. 

In  recent  years,  although  the  faculty  and  student  body  have 
grown  greatly  in  size,  these  relationships  have  continued.  A 
number  of  faculty  members  regularly  entertain  certain  groups 
of  students  in  their  homes,  to  dinners  and  to  teas  and  parties  of 
various  kinds.  Others  of  the  faculty  who  do  not  live  in  their 
own  homes  in  Richmond  often  entertain  groups  of  students  and 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  163 

friends  elsewhere — at  hotels  for  dinner  and  at  teas  and  parties 
in  the  recreation  room  of  Bnrnam  Hall.  Sometimes  members 
of  the  faculty  take  students  to  Lexington,  Louisville,  Cincinnati, 
and  other  places  for  special  programs  of  various  sorts. 

Many  students  have  been  helped  through  unhappy  situa- 
tions by  members  of  the  faculty.  Sometimes  counsel  in  the 
solution  of  a  difficult  problem  has  been  all  that  was  needed.  At 
other  times  a  lift  over  a  financial  difficulty  has  been  necessary. 
"Whatever  the  need,  members  of  the  faculty  have  always  been 
willing  to  assist  worthy  students. 

The  college  under  President  Donovan  has  adopted  the  slo- 
gan, "Eastern  is  a  friendly  college."  It  is  the  policy  of  East- 
ern, therefore,  to  foster  a  social  atmosphere  that  is  conducive  to  a 
happy  college  life.  Students  are  taught  that  wholesome  friend- 
ships made  in  college  often  become  valuable  business  and  profes- 
sional assets  in  actual  life.  With  these  objectives  in  mind  stu- 
dents and  faculty  are  encouraged  to  maintain  such  relations  as 
are  not  only  productive  of  the  highest  scholastic  attainment,  but 
are  also  conducive  to  the  development  of  those  social  graces  that 
are  desirable  in  a  varied  and  changing  world  of  human  rela- 
tionships. 


CHAPTER  X 

THE  COLLEGE  FARM 
By  Ashby  B.  Carter 

Statel-and 
Since  relatively  few  state  teachers  colleges  own  and  operate 
farms,  the  question  is  often  asked,  why  should  Eastern  attempt 
to  operate  a  farm  ?  The  answer  to  this  question  may  be  found 
in  the  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  under  date  of  October 
6,  1911.  The  reading  of  the  transcript  which  follows  will  indi- 
cate the  foresight  and  the  interest  in  the  welfare  of  rural  people 
displayed  by  those  who  administered  the  affairs  of  the  institution 
in  the  early  days  of  its  existence.  These  minutes  read  as  fol- 
lows: 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Kentucky  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs,  presented  resolutions  to  the  Board,  and  Section 
Two,  which  refers  to  the  Normal  Schools,  was  approved,  and  Dr. 
Crabbe  asked  to  thank  the  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs  for  their 
stand. 

The  Resolution  is  as  follows:  "We  urge  the  Board  of  Regents 
of  our  State  Normal  Schools  to  make  such  provisions  as  may  be 
necessary  to  thoroughly  prepare  students  attending  these  insti- 
tutions, to  successfully  teach  Elementary  Domestic  Science  and 
Agriculture  in  the  Public  Schools  of  Kentucky." 

From  the  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Regents  under  date  of 
July  19,  1912,  the  following  paragraphs  are  taken : 

The  following  committee  was  appointed  to  take  options  on 
a  prospective  farm  for  school  use,  adjacent  or  accessible  to  our 
present  campus,  price  suggested,  $25,000.00  for  100  acres. 

Committee — President  Crabbe,  Treasurer  Turley,  and  Superin- 
tendent Hamlett. 

This  committee  is  to  make  a  report  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment  to  the  Board  of  Regents  which  is  to  be  convened  at  the 
call  of  the  Chairman. 

Pursuant  to  the  work  of  this  committee  President  Crabbe 
recommended  to  the  Board  of  Regents,  for  the  two-year  period 
ending  July  1,  1914,  the  expenditure  of  $25,000.00  for  a  farm 
and  $8,000.00  for  a  barn  and  its  equipment.  Subsequently 
(September  5,  1912)  "President  Crabbe  recommended  the  pur- 
chase of  the  Whittaker  Farm  of  116.45  acres,  located  on  the 
Barnes  Mill  Pike,  cost  $18,280.00."  This  recommendation  was 
approved,  and  the  purchase  made. 


166  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

As  further  evidence  of  Eastern's  appreciation  of  the  advan- 
tages of  operating  a  farm  in  connection  with  other  phases  of  the 
school  activities,  the  following  abstract  is  taken  from  the  Year 
Book  of  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School,  of  July,  1913 : 

The  compelling  movement  abroad  in  the  land  for  vocational 
teaching,  experiencial  knowledge,  and  teaching  based  on  prac- 
tice, was  fully  appreciated  by  some  of  Kentucky's  foremost  think- 
ers and  educators,  and  in  1912  through  the  influence  and  votes  of 
right-thinking  legislators,  a  law  was  passed  appropriating  money 
for  the  establishing,  maintaining  and  promoting  of  departments 
of  Agriculture,  Manual  Training,  and  Domestic  Science  in  the 
teachers'  schools,  the  Normals.  In  accord  with  the  intent  of  the 
law,  Eastern  purchased  a  typical  Madison  County  Farm  of  112 
acres,  lying  near  the  school.  The  official  name  of  the  Farm  is 
Stateland.  Stateland  is  not  an  experiment  station,  nor  yet  a 
financial  venture.  The  actuating  cause  for  its  existence  is  to  put 
Agriculture,  Manual  Training,  and  Household  Economy  on  the 
same  basis  as  the  other  sciences  and  academic  subjects,  to  afford 
contact  method  of  teaching  teachers  to  teach;  it  is  a  working 
model  of  a  small  farm,  a  real  demonstration  farm  for  both  stu- 
dents and  the  public.  It  will  be  a  simple  business  to  market  all 
products  to  the  best  advantage,  to  dormitories,  and  to  the  buying 
public.  There  are  many  reasons  why  a  farm  like  this  should  not 
return  a  profit  in  dollars  and  cents.  These  must  be  patent  to 
thinking,  foreminded  people.  While  no  one  will  be  disappointed 
if  Stateland  shows  no  credit  balance,  yet  the  farm  is  to  be  run  on 
a  self-supporting  basis.  Stateland  is  an  integral  part  of  Eastern 
Kentucky,  it  is  ever  open  and  aboveboard,  and  at  all  times,  invites 
the  general  public. 

The  purposes  and  objectives,  as  outlined  in  the  foregoing, 
answer  in  a  very  explicit  and  definite  manner  the  question  pro- 
pounded in  the  opening  paragraph  of  this  chapter.  How  well 
the  enterprise  has  succeeded  in  fulfilling  these  objectives  is 
largely  a  matter  of  conjecture.  Especially  is  this  true  in  trying 
to  appraise  the  intangible  values  of  the  farm,  such  as  laboratory 
demonstrations  and  participation  exercises  provided  by  those  in 
charge  of  agricultural  teaching.  However,  with  such  teachers 
as  Professors  Gr.  D.  Smith,  J.  S.  Pullen  and  Rex  Cox,  the  student 
body  was  surely  favorably  impressed  with  the  type  of  work  done 
at  Stateland. 

A  study  of  the  financial  statements  of  the  farm  for  the  ten- 
year  period  that  it  remained  in  the  possession  of  Eastern  show 
an  average  annual  deficit  of  approximately  $500.00.  This  would 
indicate  to  the  layman  that  the  enterprise  was  an  abject  failure, 
but  the  sale  price  of  the  Farm  not  only  wiped  out  all  deficits,  but 
left  a  net  profit  of  $2,407.27 ;  and,  in  addition  to  this,  there  was 
a  Livestock  and  Equipment  Inventory  of  $2,956.75. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  167 

In  a  report  from  the  Farm  Manager  to  President  Coates, 

under  date  of  December  1,  1920,  is  the  following: 

Stateland  has  been  used:  (1)  To  provide  a  laboratory  for 
agricultural  classes;  (2)  To  supply  milk  and  vegetables  to  the 
school  Dining  Hall;  (3)  To  demonstrate  proper  farm  operations; 
(4)  To  provide  work  for  those  students  who  desired  that  type  of 
work. 

A  letter  of  recommendations  from  the  Farm  Manager  to 
President  Coates  under  date  of  April  6,  1922,  contains  the  fol- 
lowing paragraph : 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  present  Dairy  Herd  is  inade- 
quate to  the  needs  of  the  Sullivan  Hall  Dining  Room.  The  Farm 
can  easily  support  twelve  or  fifteen  cows,  and  I  believe  it  would 
prove  a  profitable  investment  to  increase  the  herd  to  at  least 
twelve  cows.  The  present  number  is  eight, — seven  of  which  are 
giving  milk.  Some  of  these  have  proven  unprofitable  and  it 
would  be  a  good  policy  to  weed  out  the  "boarders"  and  replace 
them  with  cows  of  higher  merit.  I  should  like  to  see  all  replace- 
ments and  additions  of  purebred  stock.  For  our  needs  I  believe 
the  Holstein  is  the  cow  for  the  School  to  own.  Our  milk  records 
clearly  show  that  the  Holsteins  that  we  now  own  are  the  most 
profitable  cows  in  the  Herd. 

This  recommendation  is  of  significant  interest,  in  the  light 
of  the  livestock  inventory  taken  July  1,  1920,  which  shows  two 
purebred  Holstein  cows,  two  grade  Holstein  cows,  four  grade 
Jersey  cows,  two  calves,  one  and  two  weeks  old,  and  one  grade 
Holstein  bull. 

New  Stateland  Farm 

In  the  late  fall  of  1922,  Stateland  was  sold,  and  shortly 
thereafter  the  Gibson  farm,  adjoining  the  campus,  was  pur- 
chased. The  increased  acreage  and  accessibility  to  the  class 
rooms  suggested  an  expansion  of  operation  plans  for  the  newly 
acquired  farm.  It  was  but  a  simple  matter  to  transfer  the  live- 
stock and  other  farm  equipment  to  the  new  farm.  This  change 
was  made  in  mid-winter,  and  only  those  who  happened  to  be  on 
the  ground  at  the  time  can  fully  realize  the  handicaps  and  priva- 
tions endured  the  remainder  of  the  winter  of  1922. 

The  Gibson  farm,  at  the  time  of  its  purchase,  was  a  typical 
example  of  what  usually  happens  to  a  highly  fertile  and  easily 
tillable  farm  in  the  hands  of  tenant  operators.  It  may  not  be 
amiss  to  say  that  it  was  heavily  mortgaged  and  that  the  owners 
were  forced,  as  the  debt  burden  increased,  to  resort  to  "mining" 
practices.     With  the  exception  of  a  small  plot  of  about  twelve 


168  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

acres  of  blue  grass  sod,  the  entire  farm  was  under  the  plow. 
One  field  of  twenty-five  acres  had  been  cropped  to  corn  for  seven 
constructive  years,  and  nothing  in  the  way  of  a  cover  crop  dur- 
ing the  winter  was  used. 

The  fences  were  in  .such  bad  condition  that  it  was  almost 
impossible  to  restrain  the  livestock  in  any  single  field.  The 
buildings  were  even  in  a  more  deplorable  condition.  In  nearly 
every  instance  leaky  roofs  were  found.  Doors  were  either  un- 
hinged or  completely  wrecked.  Hedges  had  been  allowed  to 
grow  untrimmed  for  years.  Weeds,  apparently,  had  been  utter- 
ly disregarded,  for  the  farm  was  found  to  be  badly  infested  with 
some  of  the  most  obnoxious  weeds,  such  as  cocklebur,  sourdock, 
burdock,  jimson  weed  and  even  wild  onion. 

The  problem  of  renovating  and  rejuvenating  the  newly  ac- 
quired farm  was  one  that  required  a  vast  amount  of  supervision, 
as  well  as  painstaking  effort.  This  was  all  the  more  trying, 
since  a  hard  and  fast  rule  was  laid  down  that  the  farm  as  a  unit 
must  be  self-sustaining.  All  expense  in  the  way  of  labor,  inci- 
dental repairs,  and  general  maintenance  has  been  paid  out  of 
proceeds  from  the  farm  each  year.  Over  and  above  this,  it  has 
shown  a  modest  annual  profit. 

Two  later  additions  of  seventeen  and  one-half  acres  each, 
the  Bond  and  Persifall  tracts,  extended  the  farm  frontage  on  the 
Lancaster  pike,  and  expanded  the  farm  unit  to  approximately 
175  acres.  New  Stateland  is  virtually  a  part  of  the  campus; 
in  fact,  the  Weaver  Health  Building,  the  Rural  School,  and  the 
new  Stadium,  all  occupy  sites  that  were  once  a  part  of  the  Gib- 
son farm.  In  the  future  it  is  highly  probable  that  other  mag- 
nificent structures  will  be  located  on  the  farm.  The  newly  estab- 
lished R.  0.  T.  C.  Unit  will  doubtless  utilize  portions  of  the  place 
for  drill  purposes. 

A  minor  activity  developed  on  the  premises  of  New  State- 
land  is  the  slaughter  of  meat  animals  for  the  dining  halls.  Hogs 
raised  for  this  purpose  are  slaughtered,  and  young  beef  animals 
are  bought  and  finished  at  the  farm.  Much  of  the  work  in  con- 
nection will]  this  enterprise  is  done  by  student  labor. 

A  young  orchard  has  been  planted,  both  as  a  source  of  fruit, 
for  the  dining  halls  and  as  a  laboratory  for  students  interested 
in  the  culture  of  orchard  fruits. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  169 

The  college  gardens  are  located  on  the  farm.  These  embrace 
an  area  of  ten  to  fifteen  acres.  A  great  variety  of  vegetables  are 
grown,  assuring  the  dining  halls  of  an  abundance  of  fresh  vege- 
tables throughout  the  growing  season.  Surpluses  are  usually 
canned  for  winter  use. 

The  farm  carries  a  flock  of  400  white  Leghorn  chickens. 
Modern  poultry  houses  have  been  built  and  equipped  with 
standard  equipment,  thus  giving  opportunity  for  adequate 
demonstration  and  practice  work  with  poultry. 

New  Stateland  Farm  has  been  developed  primarily  as  a 
dairy  farm,  and  from  the  modest  herd  transferred  from  State- 
land  on  January  1,  1923,  there  has  been  developed  one  of  the 
most  outstanding  herds  of  registered  Holsteins  to  be  found  in 
the  South.  In  1928  a  modern  dairy  barn  was  constructed,  mak- 
ing it  possible  to  house  comfortably  thirty-three  cows,  in  addi- 
tion to  providing  calf  and  bull  pens. 

Since  the  development  of  the  dairy  herd  has  been  the  one 
enterprise  on  the  farm,  that  may  be  described  with  justifiable 
pride,  an  account  of  it  should  be  given  somewhat  in  detail.  The 
records  show  that  the  first  acquisition  of  registered  Holsteins 
was  made  in  February,  1920,  when  Johanna  Woodcrest  Undeeda 
2nd.,  from  George  Button  and  Sons,  of  Franklin,  Kentucky,  and 
Jewel  Pontiac  Butter  Boy,  from  the  C.  M.  Bottema  Herd  of 
Indianapolis,  Indiana  where  purchased.  These  two  cows  are 
mentioned  because  they  represent  the  foundation  units,  and  some 
of  their  blood  is  still  to  be  found  in  the  herd. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  the  livestock  inventary  of 
July  1,  1920,  as  including  ownership  of  a  grade  Holstein  bull. 
Realizing  the  necessity  of  purchasing  a  registered  Holstein  bull, 
steps  were  taken  early  in  the  year  1921,  to  secure  the  service  of 
a  sire  with  the  backing  of  high  production,  such  as  would  justify 
mating  with  the  two  registered  cows  already  owned.  As  a 
choice,  Knapp  Pontiac  Butter  Boy  De  Kol  was  purchased  from 
George  Peabody  College,  of  Nashville,  Tennessee.  This  sire 
was  continued  in  servecie  until  June,  1924,  when  Sarcastic  Allen 
De  Kol  was  purchased  from  Berea  College,  of  Berea,  Kentucky. 
The  next  sire  in  service  in  the  College  herd,  Richland  Hartog, 
was  donated  to  the  College,  June  1,  1936,  as  a  baby  calf,  by 


170  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

R.  M.  Barker,  of  Carrollton,  Kentucky.  This  young  bull,  a 
grandson  of  Tritonia  Pietertje  Ormsby,  made  a  distinct  contri- 
bution in  both  type  and  production.  Unfortunately,  this  sire 
reacted  to  the  tuberculin  test  in  January,  1929,  and  it  was  not 
until  his  daughters  came  into  production  and  were  carried  to 
test,  that  the  full  worth  of  this  young  sire  was  appreciated. 

At  this  point  it  becomes  important  to  mention  the  acquisi- 
tion of  an  aged  cow,  Arclale  Hengerveld  Colantha,  which  had  an 
advanced  registry  record  and  was  sired  by  the  famous  bull,  Flint 
Hengerveld  Lad.  This  cow  subsequently  gave  birth  to  a  male 
calf  whose  sire  was  Richlawn  Hartog.  Production  records  show 
that  this  happened  to  be  one  of  those  fortunate  "nicks"  that 
breeders  so  often  seek.  Ardale's  son,  Eastern  Hengerveld 
Pontiac  Lad,  followed  Richlawn  Hartog  in  service,  leaving,  all 
told,  seven  daughters  that  were  ultimately  to  come  into  produc- 
tion. The  service  of  this  bull  was  lost,  as  was  that  of  his  prede- 
cessor, very  early  in  life,  as  a  reactor  to  the  tuberculin  test — in 
fact,  before  he  reached  the  age  of  eighteen  months. 

In  January  1930  the  herd  was  entered  in  the  Herd  Improve- 
ment Registry  Test,  of  the  Holstein-Fresian  Association  and  has 
been  enrolled  continuously  in  this  test  ever  since.  As  a  result, 
improvement  in  production  has  been  achieved  that  is  highly 
gratifying.  A  more  complete  report  of  these  results  will  appear 
in  a  later  paragraph. 

As  the  registered  granddaughters  of  old  Arclale  finished  a 
lactation,  it  became  increasingly  apparent  that  her  son,  Eastern 
Hengerveld  Pontiac  Lad,  was  highly  prepotent.  His  tragic 
end,  therefore,  was  more  deplorable,  since  it  cut  short  the  career 
of  a  sire  of  such  astounding  promise.  A  comparison  of  the  dams' 
production  with  that  of  this  sire's  daughters,  shows  an  average 
increase  of  130  pounds  of  butterfat  over  that  of  the  dams.  The 
advanced  registry  of  the  Holstein-Fresian  Association  has  given 
this  bull  an  index  of  706,  which  places  him  well  up  among  the 
best  ten  percent  of  proven  sires  in  the  II.  I.  R.  Testing. 

During  the  fall  of  1930  Dr.  Bruce  R.  Pajme,  of  George  Pea- 
body  College,  visited  the  college  farm  and  expressed  his  approval 
of  (lie  Large  frame  type  cows  resulting  from  the  farm's  breed- 
ing program.     This  expression  from  an  authority  like  Dr.  Payne, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  171 

who  has  years  of  experience  in  breeding  Holsteins  and  a  keen 
discernment  in  blending  brood  lines,  was  much  appreciated. 
Acting  upon  his  recommendation  that  further  improvement  in 
both  production  and  type  could  be  achieved  by  bringing  in  the 
blood  of  Iowana  Sir  Ollie,  Knapp  De  Kol  Ormsby  Abbekerk  was 
secured  from  the  Knapp  Farm,  at  Nashville,  Tennessee.  This 
bull,  carrying  three  crosses  of  Iowana  Sir  Ollie,  had  already  at- 
tained distinction  in  the  show  ring;  and  as  events  subsequently 
developed,  he  was  indeed  a  fortunate  selection. 

All  of  Knapp  's  daughters  show  improvement  in  type ;  and, 
up  to  the  present  time,  these  daughters,  eleven  of  which  have 
finished  a  lactation,  average  77  pounds  of  fat  better  than  their 
dams. 

It  should  be  noted  that  as  production  reaches  a  higher  level, 
it  becomes  increasingly  difficult  to  find  a  sire  of  prepotent  charac- 
ter, that  is  good  enough  to  cary  production  to  a  level  above  the 
four-hundred-pound  mark,  which  is  the  present  average  at  State- 
land.  The  goal  is  an  average  of  500  pounds  of  fat-per-cow- 
per-year,  and  while  it  may  take  five  more  years  to  reach  this 
goal,  it  is  not  believed  to  be  utterly  impossible.  If  the  500-pound 
mark  be  reached,  it  will  mean  the  acquisition  of  sires  that  have 
the  backing  of  high  production  on  both  sides  of  their  pedigree. 

In  selecting  a  sire  to  follow  Knapp,  Mount  Riga  Sir  Rue 
Homestead,  a  son  of  Sir  Inka  Rue,  was  purchased  from  Clark 
Griffith,  of  Big  Cabin,  Oklahoma.  This  sire  has  nine  daughters 
in  the  herd,  three  of  which  are  in  milk.  If  all  of  these  are  as 
good  as  the  first  one  to  finish  a  lactation,  it  will  be  felt  again  that 
a  wise  selection  was  made. 

Lyons  Mutual  Duke,  owned  by  the  Kentucky  Experiment 
Station,  is  now  in  service  at  New  Stateland,  and  breeders  are 
quite  favorably  impressed  with  the  beautiful  daughters  now  ap- 
pearing in  the  herd,  sired  by  Duke.  Professor  Fordyce  Ely, 
of  the  University  of  Kentucky  advised  the  selection  of  this  bull, 
and  as  Duke's  daughters  finish  a  lactation,  a  production  level  in 
excess  of  their  dams  is  expected.  Seven  of  Duke's  sons  have  al- 
ready been  chosen  by  breeders  in  the  State  as  future  herd  sires. 

The  six  years  of  Herd  Improvement  Registry  Testing  is  an 
achievement  that  should  prove  an  inspiration  to  other  breeders. 


172 


Three  Decades  op  Progress 


The  annual  reports  from  the  Advanced  Registry  in  tabulated 
form  below  .show  notable  accomplishment  in  a  very  concise 
manner. 


Year 

Cows 

Days 
in  Milk 

Class 

Pounds 
of  Milk 

Average 
of  fat 

Pounds 
of  fat 

1930 

15 

32S 

C 

8,507 

3.1 

267.6 

1931 

17 

336 

C 

9,777 

3.2 

314.3 

1932 

18 

315 

c 

10,443 

3.5 

365.8 

1933 

15 

323 

c 

10,106 

3.5 

358.0 

1934 

19 

324 

c 

11,098 

3.6 

402.6 

The  official  report  for  the  year  1935  has  not  been  received, 
but  the  barn  records  indicate  that  the  production  record  will  be 
slightly  above  that  of  1934.  This  is  all  the  more  gratifying 
when  it  is  noted  that  eight  of  the  cows  enrolled  during  1935  are 
milking  in  either  their  first  or  second  lactation.  As  indicated  by 
the  classification,  no  cow  included  in  the  above  tabulation  was 
milked  more  than  twice  a  day. 

in  bringing  this  chapter  to  a  close,  it  becomes  desirable  to 
express  a  word  of  appreciation  for  splendid  services  rendered 
by  the  student  workers  in  the  dairy,  for  practically  all  of  this 
work  has  been  clone  by  them.  A  survey  of  student  labor  records 
will  show  a  host  of  young  men  who  have  done  part-time  work  in 
the  dairy.  Space  does  not  permit  mentioning  all  of  them  by 
name,  but  those  who  have  remained  long  enough  to  actually 
finish  their  scholastic  work  leading  to  a  degree  should  be  given. 
In  the  early  morning  hours  there  have  been  heard  along  with  the 
rattling  milk  cans  ami  pails  the  lively  song  and  the  merry  whistle 
of  1  lie  following  young  men:  Delaine  Roberts,  Albert  Wilson, 
Claude  Farley,  Alton  Smith,  Allington  Craee.  James  l'atton. 
Leland  Wilson,  Colonel  Hammonds,  Charles  Hart,  Clyde  Farley, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         173 

Raymond  Layne,  Jesse  LaMonda,  Rupert  Reese,  Z.  T.  Rice, 
Vaughn  LeMaster,  Gilbert  Carter,  Dan  Conly,  Z.  A.  Horton, 
Clarence  Starnes,  John  Tarter,  Virgil  Tarter,  Oscar  Graham, 
Henry  Triplett,  Bill  Ramsey,  Ira  Smith,  Carl  Hancock,  S.  L. 
Switzer,  Boyd  Long,  and  Floyd  Cammack. 


CHAPTER  XI 

HEALTH,  PHYSICAL  EDUCATION  AND  ATHLETICS 
By  Jacob  D.  Farris  and  Thomas  E.  McDonough 

Health 

Apparently  whatever  idea  of  a  health  program  at  Eastern 
may  have  been  in  the  minds  of  those  in  charge  of  affairs  re- 
mained unexpressed  for  many  years.  Evidently  the  health  of 
the  student  body  must  have  been  good,  and  probably  little  need 
arose  for  very  much  attention  being  paid  to  health.  Even  dur- 
ing the  epidemic  of  influenza  during  the  World  War  there 
appear  to  have  been  no  distressing  conditions  here.  However, 
in  June,  1919,  Dr.  Wilson  and  Dr.  Wittenberg  were  sent  to  East- 
ern by  the  Kentucky  State  Board  of  Health  to  vaccinate  for 
pneumonia  all  students  who  were  willing  to  be  immunized 
against  this  disease,  and  the  Board  of  Regents  also  authorized 
the  securing  of  the  "services  of  a  nurse  for  one  month  or  longer 
if  necessary. ' '  This  marked  the  beginning  of  the  health  service 
for  students  at  Eastern.  In  August,  1919,  Miss  Bertha  Conway, 
of  Ashland,  Kentucky,  was  employed  as  a  nurse  and  ' '  general 
assistant  to  the  Dean  of  Women."  The  following  year  a  nurse 
was  employed  regularly  to  look  after  the  health  of  the  students. 
From  this  time  on  a  nurse  has  been  on  duty.  In  1923  Miss  Mar- 
garet McCrystal  succeeded  Miss  Conway.  Then  Miss  Joy  Frazer 
came  in  1925  and  remained  until  Miss  Edna  White,  the  nurse  at 
present,  was  employed  in  1927. 

The  Board  of  Regents  in  June,  1922,  appointed  a  committee 
from  their  number  to  investigate  the  manner  in  which  other  sim- 
ilar institutions  handle  the  health  problems  and  to  report  a  plan 
at  the  next  meeting.  Subsequently  the  committee  reported  its 
study  on  the  subject  but  apparently  nothing  was  done  about  the 
matter  at  that  time. 

As  early  as  April,  1926,  the  Board  recommended  that  a 
physician  be  employed  to  look  after  the  health  of  the  students, 
and  in  1927,  Dr.  J.  W.  Scudder  was  employed  as  college  physi- 
cian. Some  equipment  for  a  physician's  office  and  a  "hospital 
office"  (as  it  was  called)  was  purchased  in  1927.     The  hospital 


176  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

was  first  housed  in  Cottage  2  of  Faculty  Kow  and  the  college 
physician  lived  in  Cottage  3.  When  Cottage  2  was  razed  in 
1927  two  corner  rooms  on  the  second  floor  of  Sullivan  Hall  and 
one  in  Memorial  Hall  were  equipped  to  be  used  as  hospital  rooms. 
In  Sullivan  Hall  the  rooms  directly  under  these  were  used  as 
office  and  private  rooms  for  the  nurse.  This  arrangement  exists 
today  and  the  college  physician  still  lives  in  Cottage  3. 

The  Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  Vol.  XI,  No.  4,  August,  1917, 
mentions  for  the  first  time  courses  in  health,  described  as  follows : 

Health  Hygiene  and  Sanitation 

Hygiene  (Educational)  Health  preservation  and  promotion, 
communicable  diseases  in  schools;  discovery  and  treatment  of 
chronic  health  defects.  First  aid  to  the  Injured— a  lecture  and 
demonstration  course  of  instruction  in  handling  emergencies. 

In  1919-20  Miss  Anna  Lee  Davis,  teacher  of  Home  Econom- 
ics, was  designated  to  teach  a  class  in  Health  Education.  In 
the  spring  of  1925,  it  was  recommended  that  a  teacher  of  health 
be  employed.  Miss  Joy  Frazer,  the  school  nurse  in  1925,  taught 
a  class  in  Home  Nursing.  Also  at  this  time  Mr.  A.  B.  Carter 
offered  a  course  in  health  (Sanitary  Science).  This  seems  to 
have  been  the  first  definite  step  toward  the  teaching  of  health. 

A  rather  interesting  policy  was  adopted  in  January,  1923. 
The  Board  of  Regents  voted  to  "take  out  accident  insurance  on 
basketball  and  baseball  players  to  the  amount  of  $200.00  to 
$300.00,  same  to  be  paid  out  of  athletic  fund."  Then  such  a 
policy  was  an  innovation,  but  now  it  is  commonly  practiced  in 
many  colleges,  though  not  at  Eastern. 

When  Dr.  Donovan  came  to  the  presidency  of  Eastern  in 
1928  an  expanded  program  of  health  and  physical  education  was 
emphasized.  Thomas  E.  McDonough  was  employed  as  Director 
of  Physical  Education  and  Dr.  J.  D.  Farris  as  College  Physician 
and  Director  of  Health.  The  work  was  made  a  distinct  division 
of  the  college  curriculum  and  was  divided  into  three  definite 
phases,  namely,  Physical  Education,  Health  Education,  and 
Health  Service.  Situ-e  then  a  student  may  major  or  minor  in 
this  field  of  study  as  in  any  other  department  of  the  college. 
There  arc  now  more  than  twenty-live  courses  in  Health  ami 
Physical  Education  open  to  students. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


177 


The  entire  program  was  greatly  enlarged  and  accelerated 
upon  the  completion  of  the  "Weaver  Health  Building  in  1931. 
The  need  for  such  a  building  had  been  felt  for  many  years  and 
had  been  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Regents  several  years 
prior  to  1929,  when  it  was  definitely  decided  upon.  Its  careful 
planning  and  construction ;  its  swimming  pool  and  large  and 
small  gymnasium;  its  lockers  and  shower  rooms  for  women  and 
men ;  its  laundry,  boxing  and  wrestling  rooms,  and  handball 
courts;  its  classrooms  and  laboratory  for  teaching,  are  hardly 


WEAVER   HEALTH   BUILDING 


equaled  elsewhere  in  the  entire  country.  The  Health  Building 
fulfills  a  great  need  in  the  lives  of  all  the  students  who  come  to 
Eastern.  One  of  the  highest  compliments  paid  to  the  work  that 
it  attempted  was  expressed  by  a  county  health  officer  when  he 
said  that  he  could  tell  when  he  visited  his  schools  whether  the 
teacher  had  been  a  student  at  Eastern. 

Miss  Marie  Roberts,  who  was  for  a  long  time  clean  of  women 
and  who  has  been  intimately  associated  with  the  health  problems 
of  Eastern  longer  than  anyone  else  here  at  present,  states  that 
there  have  been  epidemics  of  measles  and  influenza  of  serious 
proportions  among  the  students ;  that  there  have  been  times 
when  the  entire  space  of  cottages  and  the  entire  second  fioor  of 
Sullivan  Hall  were  used  as  hospital  rooms;  that  one  year,  in 


178  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

particular,  about  one-third  of  the  student  body  had  measles,  and 
that  an  epidemic  of  one  kind  or  another  came  to  be  expected  each 
year. 

While  there  are  from  nine  to  twelve  thousand  calls  to  the 
Health  Service  annually,  there  has  never  been  a  student's  death 
on  the  campus.  And  though  there  have  been  cases  of  measles, 
mumps,  chicken  pox,  influenza,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria, 
etc.,  there  has  been  no  epidemic  of  any  contagious  disease  during 
the  past  eight  years.  For  this  record  the  splendid  cooperation 
of  the  students  with  the  health  program  has  undoubtedly  been 
responsible. 

Physical  Education 

Physical  Education,  known  as  physical  culture  in  the  early 
times  and  later  called  in  turn  Physical  Welfare  and  Recreation, 
had  its  early  beginnings  at  Eastern  in  1910.  The  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky Review  for  1910  (Vol.  IV,  No.  4)  included  under  the 
Department  of  Education  a  course  in  "School  Games  and 
Plays.'''  "This  course  is  introduced  to  meet  one  of  the  latest 
and  most  popular  demands.  Those  who  elect  to  take  this  course 
will  find  it  one  of  the  most  effective  means  of  disciplining  the 
school  as  well  as  practical  and  valuable  means  of  studying  and 
building  character."  Physical  Culture  was  offered  in  the  Train- 
ing School  as  evidenced  in  the  following  supplement  of  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review  for  July,  1910: 

"The  course  of  Physical  Culture  will  be  found  in  R.  Anna 
Morris  Physical  Education.  The  work  by  grades  is  outlined  on 
pages  14,  15,  16.  This  outline  will  be  followed  as  nearly  as 
practicable. 

General  Directions : 

Do  not  under  any  circumstances  permit  the  children  to  keep 
their  wraps,  overshoes,  or  rubbers,  in  the  school  room. 

Open  windows  before  exercise  but  avoid  draft.  Close  them 
after  exercises  are  over. 

Do  not  talk  more  than  is  absolutely  necessary;  pupils  soon 
learn  what  is  required  without  continual  talking. 

Be  alive  and  energetic  yourself  and  you  will  inspire  your 
pupils. 

Insist  that   your  pupils  take  all  positions  correctly. 

Insist  that  the  position  at  all  times  be  taken  quickly  and 
simultaneously. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  179 

Do  not  take  a  new  exercise  every  lesson;  practice  old  ones 
well. 

When  children  rise  for  readings  or  recitations,  have  them 
stand  in  correct  position." 

These  instructions  guided  the  physical  education  in  all  eight 
grades. 

The  college  Preparatory  Courses  as  early  as  1910  required 
Physical  Education  including  gymnasium  practice  under  the 
personal  supervision  of  Director  Clyde  Wilson. 

The  philosophy  of  Plays  and  Games,  in  all  probability 
synonymous  with  physical  education,  was  depicted  in  a  course 
explanation.  "No  one  questions  the  value  of  play  in  education. 
Too  much  stress  cannot  be  placed  upon  it.  Much  of  the  school 
work  in  the  primary  grades  can  be  accomplished  through  play. 
It  furnishes  the  motive  for  real  interest.  Little  children  become 
easily  fatigued,  and  frequent  periods  for  relaxation  and  full 
play  should  be  provided  in  the  program  of  the  classroom." 

In  1911  the  Department  of  Physical  Education  offered 
a  course  in  Swedish  Gymnastics  based  upon  the  Ling 
System.  The  text  followed  was  Progressive  Gymnastic  Days 
Orders  by  Dr.  Evebuske.  Exercises  on  apparatus,  dumbell  exer- 
cises, athletic  games  and  track  work  were  the  activities  stressed 
in  the  classes.  Two  hours  a  week  (beginning  with  cold  or  in- 
clement weather)  were  required  for  all  normal  students. 

In  1912  Miss  Jean  B.  Hurst,  teacher  of  expression  and  phys- 
ical culture,  took  over  the  wrork  for  women.  At  that  time  both 
the  Elementary  and  Intermediate  State  Certificate  courses  in- 
cluded a  requirement  of  one  hour  of  physical  culture.  Three 
days  of  Emerson's  Swedish  Gymnastics,  two  days  of  basketball 
and  gymnastic  rhythm  work  were  activities  offered  to  women. 
The  courses  for  men  included  gymnastics  and  seasonal  activities, 
such  as  football,  track,  basketball,  baseball,  and  tennis. 

In  1917,  under  Physical  Culture  for  AVomen,  two  terms  of 
work  were  required  in  Physical  Culture.  The  regulation  gym- 
nasium costume  for  women  was  a  plain  white  middy  blouse,  full 
bloomers  made  of  black  serge,  black  hose  and  black  gymnasium 
shoes.  The  chief  purposes  of  the  courses  for  women  at  that  time 
were  "to  correct  physical  defects,  to  develop  poise,  strength, 
ease  and  grace  in  bodily  movements,  to  afford  pleasant  recreation 


180  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

and  to  give  the  student  a  supply  of  suitable  material  for  work 
in  the  public  schools."  Much  time  was  given  over  to  play- 
ground work,  captain  ball,  basketball  and  other  competitive 
games.  Folk  dancing,  singing  games,  and  special  rhythmic 
work  were  also  offered. 

Mr.  Charles  F.  Miller  was  in  charge  of  physical  education 
for  men  in  1917.  The  war  conditioned  the  physical  education 
for  men,  as  evidenced  by  the  following  statements  from  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review  for  1917  (Vol.  XI,  No.  1)  : 

The  greatest  thing  desired  in  this  department  is  prime  phys- 
ical condition  called  fitness — fitness  for  anything  a  person  may 
be  called  upon  to  do." 

The  aim  of  physical  training  is  to  develop  man  to  his  highest 
efficiency  and  to  what  nature  intended  him  to  be.  Careful  and 
systematic  exercise  of  the  body  is  a  necessity  to  the  fully  trained 
teacher  if  he  would  build  up  a  reserve  of  bodily  energy  from 
which  he  may  draw  in  time  of  need.  A  feeble  body  weakens  the 
mind.  If  you  desire  that  your  pupils  should  improve  in  mental 
abilities,  let  them  improve  the  corporeal  strength  which  is  subject 
to  their  direction.     Let  their  bodies  have  continued  exercise. 

In  1918  Miss  Anetta  Hardin  was  teacher  of  Expression  and 
Physical  Culture  for  Women.  Miss  Anna  Lee  Davis,  teacher  of 
Health  Education,  and  Miss  Mary  Ann  McMillan,  teacher  of 
Expression  and  Physical  Education  for  Women  came  to  Eastern 
in  1919. 

The  Kentucky  Legislature  enacted  in  1920  a  physical  educa- 
tion law  which  gave  added  impetus  to  physical  education  par- 
ticularly in  the  Normal  Schools  and  University.  The  law  pro- 
vided for  physical  education  as  a  part  of  a  school  course  in  all 
schools  of  the  State.  "This  law  provides  that  the  State  Univer- 
sity and  all  other  State  Normal  Schools  shall  provide  courses  in 
physical  education,  and  after  July,  1921,  all  graduates  from 
teacher  courses  in  these  institutions  shall  have  completed  one  or 
more  courses  in  physical  education." 

Miss  Katherine  Hammond  was  instructor  of  Physical  Edu- 
cation for  women  in  1920.  Mr.  George  Hembree  took  over  the 
athletic  and  physical  education  instruction  the  same  year.  Phys- 
ical Education  was  required  for  the  advanced  certificate  course 
for  four  terms  three  times  a  week. 

Miss  Lorna  Bre.ssie  was  added  to  the  Physical  Education 
staff  in  1922.     The  old  gymnasium,  which  burned  to  the  ground 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  i8l 

in  1920,  was  replaced  by  a  "new  frame  building  of  appropriate 
size,  with  hardwood  floor."  The  building  had  only  fair  accom- 
modations and  when  used  as  an  auditorium  it  seated  1,100 
people.  It  contained  modern  equipment  and  the  largest  basket- 
ball floor  in  the  State  at  that  time. 

By  1922  the  beginnings  of  a  modern  curriculum  of  physical 
education  was  well  under  way.  Three  physical  education 
courses  were  offered  in  the  normal  department  and  thirteen 
courses  in  the  Teachers  College.  The  catalogs  from  year  to  year 
gave  many  minor  changes,  such  as  the  addition  or  subtraction  of 
courses  and  many  changes  in  the  staff.  Miss  Eliza  Hughes  was 
an  instructor  in  1923-24  and  after  a  leave  of  four  years  returned 
to  her  present  position.  Miss  Ruth  Perry,  Miss  Hortense  Lewis, 
and  Miss  Helen  Russell  taught  physical  education  in  successive 
years  during  Miss  Hughes  absence.  The  physical  education 
faculty  was  further  augmented  in  1928  by  adding  Mr.  Thomas 
E.  McDonough  and  Miss  Gertrude  Hood  to  the  staff. 

New  Stateland  Field  was  completed  in  1930  and  the  Weaver 
Health  Building  was  occupied  in  the  spring  of  1931.  This 
modern  plant,  housing  two  gymnasiums,  a  swimming  pool,  a  box- 
ing room,  handball  courts,  locker  rooms,  classrooms,  and  a  phy- 
sician's suite,  has  offered  ample  opportunity  for  a  broad  phys- 
ical education  program.  Eastern's  required  program,  there- 
fore, which  was  first  recreational  in  nature,  has  slowly  taken 
form.  The  first  four-year  major  curriculum  of  Health  and  Phys- 
ical Education  was  completed  in  1930  and  has  been  under  con- 
stant revision. 

The  Department  of  Health  and  Physical  Education  was 
granted  a  divisional  status  in  1933.  Eastern,  in  projecting  her 
broad  program  of  Health  and  Physical  Education,  has  been 
guided  by  the  following  policies  and  standards  and  has  actually 
practiced  them : 

1.  The  administration  of  health,  and  physical  education,  in- 
cluding athletics,  is  the  responsibility  of  the  institution  and  is 
under  its  complete  control. 

2.  All  health  and  physical  education,  including  athletics  is 
organized  under  one  administrative  division. 

3.  The  chairman  of  the  division  of  health  and  physical  edu- 
cation is  directly  responsible  to  the  president  and  Board  of 
Regents  of  the  institution. 

4.  The  chairman  of  the  division  and  his  staff  are  all  educa- 


182  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

tors  with  advanced  training  and  are  expert  in  at  least  one  phase 
of  the  health  and  physical  education  program. 

5.  Health  education  at  Eastern  has  been  organized  to  include 
three  phases:  A,  Health  Supervision;  B,  Health  Service;  C, 
Health  Instruction. 

6.  A  full  time  physician  is  chairman  of  the  Division  of  Health 
and  Physical  Education.  The  present  chairman,  Dr.  J.  D.  Farris, 
is  a  well  trained  and  experienced  educator. 

7.  Physical  education  is  organized  to  include:  A,  Required 
or  service  courses;  B,  Intramurals;  C,  Intercollegiate  activities; 
and  D,  Professional  Courses  in  health  and  physical  education. 

8.  Intramural  sports  are  organized  and  administered  as  a 
phase  of  physical  education. 

9.  Intercollegiate  athlete,  is  rcogniied  as  possessing  great 
educational  possibilities  and  is  a  part  of  the  broad  program  of 
physical  education. 

10.  A  committee,  appointed  by  the  President,  acts  in  ad- 
visory capacity  and  shapes  policies  of  the  department. 

All  members  of  the  faculty  or  collegiate  staff  of  health  and 
physical  education  teach  in  the  training  school. 

Thus  it  is  seen  that  Eastern's  required  program  of  physical 
education  has  evolved  from  a  program  whose  chief  aim  was  rec- 
reational in  nature  to  a  program  devised  to  meet  teacher-train- 
ing needs.  Every  student  graduating  from  the  institution  must 
have  four  credit  hours  of  physical  education.  These  courses  are 
offered  to  freshmen  and  sophomores.  The  chief  aims  of  the 
required  program  are : 

1.  To  equip  the  prospective  teachers  with  material  which 
in  turn  will  be  taught  to  the  children  of  the  state; 

2.  To  develop  in  the  student  an  appreciation  and  proper 
attitude  toward  physical  education  activities; 

3.  To  equip  the  prospective  teachers  with  activities  which 
will  be  suitable  to  take  up  their  leisure  time; 

4.  To   develop   a   posture   consciousness   and   organic   vigor; 

5.  To  develop  social  attitudes,  through  promoting  fair  play, 
developing  leadership,  teaching  of  safety  consciousness  and  those 
traits  which  make  for  good  citizenship. 

The  professional  courses  of  health  and  physical  education 
have  for  their  chief  aims  the  development  of  specialists  in  the 
field,  wlio  will  be  equipped  to  organize,  supervise,  and  adminis- 
ter programs  in  the  rural  and  urban  schools  and  communities  of 
the  State. 

In  conclusion  il  mighl  be  said  that  Eastern's  philosophy  of 
health  and  physical  education  is  portrayed  on  Hie  bronze  placque 
which  graces  one  of  the  walls  at  the  east  entrance  of  tbe  Weaver 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  183 

Health  Building'.     The  words  on  this  tablet  expressing  the  pur- 
pose to  which  the  building  was  dedicated  are : 

To  the  development  of  the  body; 

To  the  ideal  that  the  physical  body  should  be   kept  sacred; 

To  the  ideal  that  the  strong  body  may  be  kept  strong;  that 
the  weak  body  may  be  made  strong; 

To  the  promotion  of  the  idea  of  play  and  recreation  as  as- 
pects of  the  finest  living  and  that  man  may  learn  to  use  properly 
and  profitably  leisure  time; 

To  the  end  that  youth  may  renew  the  games  of  childliood 
and  learn  new  games  to  carry  over  into  mature  age; 

To  the  end  that  the  care-free  joy,  the  utter  abandon,  and  the 
spontaneity  of  youth  may  serve  to  help  defer  old  age; 

To  the  highest  ideals  of  good  sportsmanship  including  a 
high  born  love  and  justice  and  fair  play;  a  frank  and  uncompro- 
mising opposition  to  falsity  and  injustice  and  cheating; 

To  the  ideal  that  the  enjoyment  of  and  the  participation  in 
all  games  and  plays  and  sports  shall  come  to  everyone  and  not 
merely  to  a  few  who  play  on  teams; 

To  the  promotion  of  better  health  and  the  prolongation  of 
life  to  the  end  that  citizenship  may  have  greater  happiness  and 
increased  capacity  for  service  and  productiveness; 

To  the  program  of  health  and  physical  education  based  upon 
the  nature  of  man  and  the  evident  needs  in  American  life  and 
devoted  to  the  health,  happiness  and  character  of  the  American 
people; 

To  health  instruction  based  upon  scientific  materials,  pro- 
gressively arranged  throughout  the  Elementary  School,  the  High 
School,  and  the  College  and  directed  toward  personal  accom- 
plishment and  social  ideals; 

To  the  training  of  teachers  in  health  and  physical  education 
that  they  may  teach  the  children  of  the  Commonwealth  more  ef- 
fective health  habits   and  ideals; 

To  the  use  of  Eastern  and  the  people  she  serves,  to  the  ideals 
for  which   she   stands   and   the   scholarship   which    she   promotes. 

Athletics 

From  the  earliest  times  the  subject  of  athletics  was  some- 
what of  a  controversial  matter  at  Eastern.  According  to  the 
minutes  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  it  was  some  times  debated  as  to 
whether  athletics  should  be  permitted  or  sponsored  by  the  insti- 
tution. Athletic  activities  at  Eastern  grew,  however,  as  the 
students  and  administration  felt  the  need  for  them.  As  a  result 
the  institution  has  enjoyed,  from  the  beginning,  a  varied  pro- 
gram of  athletic  sports.  The  Eastern  Kentucky  Review  for 
1910  (Vol.  IV,  No.  4)  states: 

The  athletic  interests  of  the  school  are  guarded  and  safe- 
guarded by  a  Committee  of  the  Faculty  and  a  Committee  of  Stu- 
dents. The  Normal  encourages  health,  sports,  and  all  clean  ath- 
letics.   The  interests  is  growing  more  and  more  intelligent.    There 


184  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

is  a  splendid  athletic  field  near  the  gymnasium.  The  affairs  of  the 
athletic  association  are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Baseball  de- 
veloped much  interest  and  enthusiasm  this  year.  Basketball  has 
made  a  good  beginning.  A  fine  tennis  club  does  excellent  work 
with  bright  prospects  for  a  great  tournament.  You'll  like  the 
spirit. 

The  earliest  athletic  contests  were  carried  on  by  women,  and 
basketball  games  were  played  with  other  institutions  of  the  State 
as  early  as  1907.  The  facilities  for  contests  and  sports  were 
splendid  for  that  day  and  time.  An  early  Review  states  :  "The 
gymnasium — a  large,  well  ventilated  building  (which  was  one 
of  the  original  buildings  on  the  campus) — is  equipped  with  ap- 
paratus, running  track,  shower  baths,  and  lockers.  The  gym- 
nasium is  in  process  of  overhauling  and  additional  equipment 
has  been  purchased  for  the  coining  year."  Mr.  Clyde  H.  Wilson 
was  Instructor  in  Manual  Arts  and  Physical  Education  and 
Director  of  Gymnasium  and  Athletics. 

In  1910,  according  to  the  Review,  football  was  introduced 
and  interclass  contests  were  promoted.  "It  was  the  policy  of 
the  school  to  encourage  clean  and  healthful  rivalry  in  athletics, 
both  in  interclass  and  intercollegiate  contests.  All  students  phys- 
ically qualified  are  afforded  an  opportunity  to  try  out  for  the 
different  teams,  provided  their  studies  are  not  neglected  as  a 
consequence."  Managers  elected  from  the  student  body  and 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of  Athletics  arranged 
schedules  for  the  different  sports.  In  1911  the  girls  basketball 
teams  won  the  local  championship ;  the  boys  basketball  team, 
with  a  schedule  of  ten  games,  made  a  good  showing ;  the  baseball 
team  was  very  successful;  and  a  track  and  field  team  competed 
for  the  first  time  in  the  interscholastic  meet  at  Lexington. 

During  1912-13  Eastern's  sports  were  under  the  able  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Charles  A.  Keith,  who  created  added  interest  hi  all 
sports.  Eastern's  fine  baseball  tradition  had  its  beginning  at 
that  time.  Even  though  baseball  has  been  dropped  from  time 
to  time  by  sister  institutions,  Eastern  has  always  persisted  in 
sponsoring  baseball.  Her  all-time  record  will  compare  well  with 
any  other  college  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Ben  II.  Barnard  was  in  charge  of  athletics  from  1913  to 
1917.  Eastern  teams  held  their  own  and  were  highly  respected 
by  their  opponents  in  the  State  during  this  period. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  185 

Aside  from  these  fine  records,  Eastern,  being  a  school  for 
the  training  of  teachers,  lias  never  given  as  much  emphasis  to 
intercollegiate  athletics  as  some  of  the  liberal  arts  colleges  have. 
The  faculty  has  always  controlled  the  sports  program  under  the 
direction  of  an  athletic  committee,  whose  duties  were  defined  in 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  Review  for  1917  (Yo].  XI,  No.  4)  : 

1.  The  Committee  shall  have  general  supervision  over  all 
athletic  games,  exhibitions  and  contests,  and  shall  have  control 
over  arrangements  for  such  games,  exhibitions,  and  contests  with- 
in the  school  or  with  other  schools  and  associations. 

2.  It  shall  decide  what  candidates  are  eligible  for  mem- 
bership on  teams  or  for  admission  to  athletic  games,  exhibitions, 
and  contests,  and  it  shall  exclude  from  competition  those  whom 
it  finds  below  the  standard  in  their  studies — as  fixed  by  the 
faculty  rule — or  ineligible  for  any  other  cause. 

In  1917,  due  to  rather  unusual  emergencies  caused  by  the 
"World  War,  the  athletic  policy  was  changed  to  meet  the  new 
conditions.     The  Review  for  11)17  (Vol.  XI,  No.  4),  states: 

Because  of  the  unusual  present  conditions,  the  policy  hereto- 
fore pursued  regarding  athletics  for  men  may  prove  to  be  inap- 
propriate or  inadvisible.  As  it  is  the  aim  of  the  school  to  adhere 
strictly  to  catalog  announcements,  we  shall  go  no  further  than  to 
say  that  on  the  opening  of  the  fall  term  of  1917-18  such  athletic 
activities  will  be  organized  as  will  provide  adequately  for  the 
recreational  needs  of  the  men  of  the  school  and  will  contribute 
most  directly  to  their  professional  training.  The  wishes  of  the 
men  students  themselves  will  be  considered  as  far  as  it  is  at  all 
practicable  to  do  so  in  the  determination  of  the  form  of  athletics 
to  be  pursued. 

During  the  period  1917-20  .Air.  Charles  F.  Miller  and  Mr. 
Clyde  F.  McCoy  directed  the  destinies  of  Eastern's  athletic 
teams.  Mr.  George  Hembree  took  over  the  coaching  of  all 
athletics  for  men  and  women  in  the  fall  of  1920. 

Eastern  was  prevented  from  joining  the  collegiate  athletic 
associations  because  the  standing  of  normal  schools  among  col- 
leges at  that  time  (1920)  was  not  recognized.  In  1921,  however, 
efforts  were  made  to  organize  an  Eastern  Kentucky  Athletic  As- 
sociation. A  constitution  and  by-laws  were  drawn  up  to  govern 
this  association  and,  in  1922,  Eastern  took  steps  to  qualify  for 
membership  in  it  by  establishing,  as  a  basis  for  participation 


186  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

in  intercollegiate  or  intramural  athletics,  a  system  of  rules  based 
on  those  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Athletic  Association.  As 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Athletics,  Professor  A.  B.  Carter 
helped  to  write  the  constitution  for  the  inter-collegiate  associa- 
tion and  the  rules  governing  Eastern's  participation  in  athletics. 
The  organization  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Athletic  Association 
was  an  important  step  in  the  raising  of  standards  of  inter-col- 
legiate athletics,  and  Eastern  operated  under  it  until  her  entry 
into  larger  and  older  associations. 

Eastern  has  had  in  all  sports  some  athletic  teams  that  were 
successful  in  wining  a  large  percentage  of  their  games.  In  the 
season  1924-25  the  girls  basketball  team  won  ten  out  of  thirteen 
games  played  and  the  baseball  team  won  seven  out  of  ten  games. 
In  1927,  the  football  team  had  its  best  season. 

Eastern  qualified  for  membership  in  the  Southern  Intercol- 
legiate Athletic  Association  in  1928.  The  move,  while  an  im- 
portant step  in  the  development  of  athletics,  worked  a  real  hard- 
ship on  the  school's  athletic  teams.  Before  this  time  freshmen 
and  even  students  in  the  normal  school  (secondary  in  rank) 
were  permitted  to  play  on  the  varsity  teams.  Much  of  the  best 
material  was  often  drawn  from  the  former  group.  But  in  the 
S.  I.  A.  A.  all  of  this  was  changed  and  the  material  for  the  build- 
ing of  good  athletic  teams  was  restricted. 

While  Eastern's  football  teams  have  not  had  brilliant 
records  in  the  past,  there  has  been  a  steady  improvement  in  the 
caliber  of  ball  played  under  the  able  coaching  of  Mr.  George 
Hembree,  assisted  by  Mr.  Gumbert,  until  1929-30,  and  of  Mr. 
Chas.  T.  Hughes,  assisted  in  turn  by  Mr.  Frank  Phipps,  Mr. 
Alfred  Portwood,  and  Mr.  Tom  Samuels,  from  1929  to  1935. 
Eastern  basketball  teams,  for  the  most  part,  have  won  a  large 
percentage  of  their  games.  On  two  occasions  in  recent  years 
these  teams  have  held  the  best  records  in  the  Kentucky  Inter- 
collegiate Athletic  Conference.  In  1929-30.  1930-31,  1931-32, 
11)32-33  the  varsity  loam  made  a  sufficiently  good  record  to  be 
invited  1<»  participate  in  the  annual  S.  I.  A.  A.  tournament  at 
Jackson,  Mississippi,  hi  1931-32  the  Eastern  basketball  team 
was  a  runner-up  in  the  Kentucky  intercollegiate  tournament  at 
Winchester,  Ky.,  and  in  1936  Eastern  played  in  the  final  game 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  187 

for  the  state  championship,  being  defeated  by  the  Western.  Ken- 
tucky State  Teachers  College. 

Eastern's  freshman  teams,  organized  for  the  first  time  in 
1928,  have  fared  well,  and  in  football  have  won  more  than  three- 
fourths  of  the  games  played.  In  1931,  under  Coach  Alfred 
Portwood,  the  freshman  football  team  won  every  game  and 
claimed  the  state  championship. 

Freshman  basketball  teams  were  even  more  successful.  Dur- 
ing the  season  of  1928-29,  under  Coach  Thos.  E.  McDonough,  the 
freshman  team  won  seventeen  out  of  nineteen  games  played. 
Since  that  time  under  Mr.  George  Gumbert  and  Mr.  Alfred  Port- 
wood  the  freshman  basketball  teams  have  continued  to  be  com- 
parable to  the  best  in  the  State.  This  period  also  saw  the  enrich- 
ment of  the  program  by  including  tennis,  track,  golf,  and  swim- 
ming in  the  varsity  sports  program.  Eastern's  golf  team  did 
not  lose  a  match  in  1935  and  consequently  claimed  the  state 
championship.  Swimming  has  flourished  more  as  a  recreational 
and  intramural  sport  due  to  the  lack  of  swimming  facilities  in 
our  conference  schools. 

Eastern  has  benefited  much  from  membership  in  the 
S.  I.  A.  A.  and  the  program  has  been  toward  a  more  wholesome 
type  of  athletics.  The  greater  emphasis,  even  from  1921  to  1935, 
was  not  on  varsity  athletics  but  on  a  wider  student  participation. 
In  1922,  with,  the  completion  of  the  new  gymnasium,  later  dubbed 
the  "barn",  because  of  the  architecture  of  the  wooden  structure, 
better  opportunity  was  afforded  for  a  broader  program.  In 
1930  and  1931  the  Stateland  Athletic  Field,  a  natural  bowl  con- 
taining a  gridiron  and  cinder  track,  was  completed.  The  com- 
pletion of  the  "Weaver  Health  Building  was  the  next  achieve- 
ment. 

Ground  was  broken  in  the  fall  of  1935  for  the  building  of  a 
combination  stadium  and  field  house.  This  plant,  modern  in  all 
respects,  will  seat  4,000  spectators  and  contains  locker  rooms, 
first  aid  room,  offices,  ecpiipment  room,  laboratories,  study  room, 
and  dormitory.  The  building  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in 
the  fall  of  1936.  With  these  splendid  facilities  Eastern  is  ap- 
proaching the  ideal  of  universal,  voluntary  participation  in 
athletics.  The  ultimate  aim  of  the  athletic  program  of  Eastern, 
therefore,  is  not  only  to  afford  recreational  and  healthful  activi- 


188  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

ties  to  the  students  but  also  to  send  out  teachers  and  coaches  well 
equipped  to  develop  a  play  spirit,  which  is  the  rightful  heritage 
of  the  boys  and  girls  of  the  Commonwealth. 

In  1935  to  further  augment  the  program  of  Physical  Edu- 
cation greater  emphasis  than  ever  before  was  placed  on  the 
varsity  athletic  program.  Mr.  Rome  Rankin,  assisted  by  Mr. 
Tom  Samuels,  was  placed  in  charge  of  football,  basketball,  and 
track,  and  with  the  support  of  the  faculty  and  administration, 
has  undertaken  to  place  Eastern's  athletic  teams  on  a  par  with 
her  natural  competitors. 

Eastern's  scholastic  standing  is  above  reproach.  She  is 
working  toward  the  highest  standard  of  achievement  in  athletics 
and  in  endeavoring,  through  ethical  methods,  to  place  teams  in 
the  field  which  will  be  a  credit  to  the  institution.  The  college, 
in  her  desire  to  win  a  fair  proportion  of  her  games,  has  not  and 
will  not  forget  that  athletics  are  not  ends  in  themselves.  On 
the  other  hand,  it  will  ever  keep  in  mind  that  good  sportsman- 
ship, health  and  wholesome  recreation  are  the  desired  objectives 
in  a  well  administered  program  of  athletic  activities. 

Eastern  had  contributed  many  outstanding  figures  not  only 
to  the  coaching  profession  but  to  professional  baseball  as  well. 
The  following  men  and  many  other  graduates  have  been  success- 
ful coaches :  Earle  Jones,  Talton  Stone,  Marshall  Hurst,  E.  C. 
Word,  Beckham  Combs,  Jesse  Moberly,  Fred  Dial,  Allington 
Crace,  Robert  Guy,  Bill  Melton,  Ben  Adams,  Zelda  Hale,  Her- 
man Hale,  Lawrence  Hale,  Little  Hale,  T.  C.  McDaniels,  Jr.. 
Ben  Hord,  Clifton  Dowell,  "Wilfred  Gaines,  Robert  Davis,  Virgil 
Fryman,  Henry  Hacker,  Charles  Hart,  Alton  Smith,  Herbert 
Tuclor,  Clark  Chestnut,  Talmadge  DeWitt,  C.  B.  Ellison,  Alfred 
Cox,  James  Allen,  Charles  Allphin,  Ernest  Young,  and  Clarence 
Sutter. 

Eastern's  baseball  teams  have  contributed  some  outstanding 
men  to  professional  baseball.  Earle  Combs,  of  the  New  York 
Yankees;  Clyde  Hatter,  of  the  Louisville  Colonels,  Detroit 
Tigers,  and  Milwaukee  Brewers;  Node  Ballou,  of  the  Chatta- 
nooga Lookouts,  Washington  Senators,  Brooklyn  Dodgers  and 
San  Francisco  Se;ils,  have  made  notable  records  in  their  chosen 
fields.  Jack  Rader  played  in  the  Western  League  and  Henry 
Phillips  has  been  the  property  of  the  Cincinnati  Reds  and  Brook- 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  189 

lyn  Dodgers.  Eastern  at  present  lias  two  or  three  other  pros- 
pects now  in  college  who  are  looking  forward  to  a  professional 
baseball  career.  Charles  Bryant,  a  pitcher,  is  the  most  promis- 
ing prospect. 

Honors  have  been  bestowed  upon  Eastern's  basketball  and 
football  men.  Zelda  Hale  was  named  a  guard  on  the  all 
S.  T.  A.  A.  team  at  Jackson,  Mississippi,  in  1932.  Richard  Green- 
well,  captain  of  the  1935  football  team,  has  deserved  honorable 
mention  on  all  state  teams  in  1933  and  1934  and  was  selected 
on  the  Louisville  Courier- Journal's  all  state  team  in  1935.  John 
Killen,  a  sophomore,  was  selected  on  the  all  state  United  Press 
team  for  1935  and,  with  Bud  Limb,  warranted  honorable  men- 
tion on  the  Little  All  American  Team  selected  by  the  Associated 
Press  in  1935.  Roy  Pille,  a  senior  health  and  physical  educa- 
tion major  and  a  stellar  football  player  and  track  man,  has 
been  selected  by  the  Olympic  Tour  Committee  to  be  the  guest 
of  the  German  Olympic  Committee  during  the  1936  games  in 
Berlin.  Mr.  Pille  was  selected  as  one  of  twenty-seven  men  from 
colleges  and  universities  in  the  United  States  to  attend  the 
"international  Sports  Congress",  which  will  be  sponsored  by 
the  German  Government.     He  will  attend. 

Eastern  is  proud  of  the  achievements  of  her  athletes  and 
hopes  to  build  an  athletic  reputation  which  will  be  respected  by 
all  colleges  in  the  State. 


CHAPTER  XII 

THE  GROWTH,  TRAINING,  AND  TENURE  OF  THE 
FACULTY 

By  William  J.  Moore 

In  this  chapter  are  presented  certain  facts  regarding'  the 
men  and  women  who  have  served  Eastern  as  teachers  during  the 
three  decades  of  her  existence.  An  attempt  has  been  made  to 
include  all.  Owing  to  somewhat  incomplete  and  inadequate 
records,  it  is  doubtful  if  this  ha.s  been  fully  accomplished. 

The  first  Board  of  Regents  of  Eastern  was  named  on  May  9, 
R>06.  Quite  naturally,  one  of  the  first  problems  confronting  the 
new  board  was  the  selection  of  a  faculty  for  the  new  school.  In 
the  minutes  of  its  first  meeting  held  on  June  2,  1906,  are  found 
the  following: 

J.  W.  Cammack  was  appointed  a  Committee  to  ascertain 
whether  Prof.  E.  C.  McDougle  of  Henderson,  Tennessee,  was 
subject  to  employment  as  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Rich- 
mond State  Normal  School. 

The  Presidency  of  the  Eastern  State  Normal  School  was 
tendered  to  Doctor  R.  N.  Roark. 

P.  W.  Grinstead  was  appointed  a  Committee  to  ascertain 
whether  Miss  Lelia  Patridge  of  Laurel  Springs,  N.  ,).,  was  sub- 
ject to  employment  as  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Richmond 
State  Normal  School. 

The  minutes  of  the  meeting  of  November  8,  1906,  state  that 
J.  A.  Sharon,  Dr.  Virginia  E.  Spencer,  Professor  W.  J.  Grin- 
stead,  Miss  Henrietta  Ralston,  Miss  Lena  G.  Roling,  Miss  Wesa 
Moore,  and  Professor  E.  H.  Crawford  were  elected  members  of 
the  facnltv  of  the  Eastern  State  Normal  School. 

The  Model  School  opened  September  7,  1906,  and  the  Nor- 
mal School  opened  January  15,  1907.  From  records  available  it 
seems  reasonably  certain  that  the  teachers  given  in  TABLE  1 
were  employed  at  Eastern  during  the  school  year  of  1906-1907. 


192 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


TABLE  1.  FACULTY  EMPLOYED  IN  THE  EASTERN  KENTUCKY 
NORMAL  SCHOOL  FOR  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  1906-1907 


Name  of  Faculty 
Member 

Degrees  Held 

Position  Held 

Barter,  Ada 

A.  B. 

Librarian 

Boothe,  I.   H. 

Penhanship 
Lettering 

Cassidy,  Elizabeth 

B.    S.,    A.    B. 

American  History 
Sociology 

Crawford,  E.  H. 

A.  M. 

Director  of  Training 
School 

Greenwood,  Daisy 

English  and  Foresnsics 
Model  School 

Grinstead,  W.  J. 

A.  B. 

Latin  and  French 

Johnson,  J.  R. 

B.  M.  E. 

Mathematics 

Lander,  Alice 

Model  School 

McClelland,  Margaret 

Latin 

McDougle,  E.  C. 

B.   S.,  A.  B., 

Business    Director 

A.  M„  C.  E. 

Natural  Sciences 

Moore,  Wesa 

Model  School 

Ralston,  Henrietta 

Drawing  and  Art 

Roark,  R.  N. 

A.  B.,  A.  M. 

President 
Psychology  and 
Pedagogy 

Roling,  Lena  G. 

Primary  Methods 
Model  School 

Sharon,  J.  A. 

B.  Ped. 

Mathematics 
Review  Course 

Spencer,  Virginia  E. 

A.   B.,   M.  A., 

Dean  of  Women 

Ph.  D. 

German  and  History 

Taylor,  L.  N. 

B.  S. 

Review  Branches 

Taylor,  N.  V. 

B.  S. 

Nature  Study 
Science 

Traynor,  Mary 

Music 

President  Roark  had  received  his  Bachelor  of  Arts  degree 
from  the  National  Normal  University  of  Lebanon,  Ohio.  Avail- 
able records  fail  to  show  where  he  received  his  Masters  degree. 
At  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  presidency  of  Eastern  he  was  a 
fellow  'm  Chirk  University,  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  where  he 
was  working  for  the  Doctor  of  Philosophy  degree.  Records  fail 
to  show  that  lie  over  finished  the  requirements  for  it.  In  speak- 
ing of  \h-.  Roark  in  the  Biennial  Report  of  the  Superintendent 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  193 

of  Public  Instruction,  Dr.  Crabbe  pays  the  following  tribute  to 
one  of  the  greatest  educators  Kentucky  has  ever  known : 

On  April  14,  1909,  the  great  teacher,  big-hearted,  big-brained, 
sympathetic,  the  organizer  and  promoter,  the  loved  President  of 
Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School,  died — called  away  from 
his  monumental  labors  at  Richmond  to  higher  duties.  For  the 
press  I  wrote  this: 

TRIBUTE  TO  DR.  ROARK 

Dr.  Roark  is  dead.  The  news  will  be  heard  in  every  home 
in  Kentucky  with  profound  sorrow.  A  great  and  good  man  is 
gone.  He  was  beloved  by  all  who  knew  him.  By  all  odds  he  has 
been  the  greatest  educational  figure  in  the  state  for  years  and 
has  been  well-known  throughout  the  United  States  as  institute 
instructor,  lecturer,  and  author.  Among  school  men  in  Kentucky 
he  was  in  a  class  by  himself. 

He  was  a  clean  man,  a  gentleman,  and  his  was  a  royal  heart. 
But  he  was  supreme  as  a  teacher,  and  hundreds  of  men  and 
women  throughout  the  breadth  and  length  of  the  Commonwealth 
have  journeyed  to  Lexington  and  Richmond,  merely  to  sit  at  his 
feet  to  drink  in  words  of  wisdom.  Many  a  home  in  his  native 
state  mourns  tonight  because  the  beloved  teacher  and  helpful 
friend  is  no  more.  He  was  my  friend,  and  I  weep  with  the  wife 
and  children  and  countless  friends  who  loved  him.  The  death  of 
Dr.  Roark  is  a  great  misfortune  to  the  schools;  we  could  ill  have 
spared  his  inspiration,  his  counsel,  his  indomitable  courage,  and 
his  clear  vision. 

Mr.  Sharon,  Mr.  Grinstead,  Miss  Cassidy,  Mr.  L.  N.  Taylor, 
and  Mr.  Johnson  had  received  degrees  from  the  University  of 
Kentucky.  Miss  Spencer  had  received  her  Bachelors  and  Mas- 
ters degrees  from  the  University  of  Kansas  and  her  Doctors 
degree  from  the  University  of  Zurich.  Mr.  Crawford  had  been 
educated  at  Baptist  College,  Bardstown,  Kentucky.  Miss  Cas- 
sidy  had  also  been  educated  at  Cornell,  and  apparently  had 
taken  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  degree  from  that  institution,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  Bachelor  of  Science  degree  taken  from  the  University 
of  Kentucky.  Mr.  N.  V.  Taylor  had  received  his  degree  from 
Cornell  University.  Professor  McDougle  had  been  educated  at 
the  National  Normal  University  and  the  Southern  Normal  Uni- 
versity. Both  he  and  Professor  Grinstead  remained  with  the 
institution  for  several  years  and  did  much  in  shaping  the  des- 
tinies and  policies  of  the  institution.  Each  continued  his  educa- 
tion and  received  the  Doctor  of  Philosophy  degree.  Dr.  Mc- 
Dougle was  Dean  of  the  school  for  a  number  of  years.  Miss 
Barter  received  her  degree  from  the  University  of  Illinois. 
Eight  members  of  the  first  faculty  held  no  degrees. 

E.  S.  T.  C— 7 


194 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


The  Size  of  the  Teaching  Staff 
In  TABLE  2  are  presented  data  showing  the  size  of  the 
teaching  staff  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College1 
from  the  school  year  1906-1907  to  the  school  year  1935-1936.. 
inclusive.  The  President  and  the  Dean  have  been  considered  as 
being  a  part  of  the  teaching  staff.  GRAPH  1  presents  the  same 
information. 

TABLE  2.  THE  SIZE  OF  THE  TEACHING  STAFF  AT  THE  EAST- 
ERN KENTUCKY  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE  FROM  THE 
SCHOOL  YEAR  1906-07  TO  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  1935-36,  IN- 
CLUSIVE. 


Second 
Year 

Men 

Women 

Total 

1906-07 

9 

10 

19 

1907-08 

10 

15 

25 

1908-09 

10 

14 

24 

1909-10 

13 

12 

25 

1910-11 

15 

13 

28 

1911-12 

13 

13 

26 

1912-13 

12 

14 

26 

1913-14 

15 

15 

30 

1914-15 

13 

16 

29 

1915-16 

11 

19 

30 

1916-17 

13 

20 

33 

1917-18 

12 

17 

29 

1918-19 

12 

19 

31 

1919-20 

15 

18 

33 

1920-21 

18 

20 

38 

1921-22 

IS 

19 

37 

1922-23 

17 

21 

3S 

1923-24 

13 

21 

34 

1924-25 

23 

29 

52 

1925-26 

26 

29 

55 

1926-27 

35 

32 

67 

1927-28 

34 

36 

70 

1928-29 

3S 

41 

79 

1929-30 

38 

37 

75 

1930-31 

39 

37 

76 

1931-32 

37 

41 

78 

1932-33 

37 

39 

76 

1933-34 

36 

39 

75 

1934-35 

38 

3S 

76 

1935-36 

40 

40 

SO 

1  Hereafter  the  institution  will  be  referred  to  in  this  chapter  as  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  stale  Teachers  College.  In  i*s  early  days  the  official 
name  was  The  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School.  Later,  it  was  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  stale  Teachers  College  ami  Normal  School,  and  still 
later,   tin-   name    first    mentioned   above. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


195 


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196  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Academic  Training 
TABLE  3  shows  that  academic  training  of  Eastern  teach- 
ers, as  expressed  in  degrees  held,  from  the  organization  of  the 
school  to  the  present  time.  An  examination  of  the  table  will 
reveal  that  there  has  been  a  steady  improvement  in  the  qualifica- 
tions of  teachers,  judged  by  this  standard.  The  number  holding 
no  degrees,  or  degrees  of  lower  rank,  has  tended  to  decrease, 
while  the  number  holding'  degrees,  or  degrees  of  higher  rank, 
has  tended  to  increase.  Another  conclusion  is  warranted.  Men 
teachers  have,  as  a  rule,  tended  to  be  better  prepared,  if  higher 
degrees  can  be  taken  as  a  criterion,  than  women  teachers.  This 
tendency  is  quite  perceptible  in  the  early  years,  but  seems  to  be 
less  so  in  later  years.  This  can  be  explained,  to  a  degree,  per- 
haps, on  the  ground  that  most  of  the  training  school  teachers 
have  been  women,  and,  not  until  recently,  has  there  been  any 
great  effort  to  secure  teachers  with  degrees  or  degrees  of  higher 
rank  in  the  training  school.  These  tendencies  are  more  readily 
observed  by  reference  to  TABLE  4,  which  gives  the  training,  as 
expressed  in  terms  of  percentages.  In  the  early  years,  a  large 
per  cent  of  all  teachers  held  no  degree  and  only  a  small  per  cent 
of  all  teachers  held  the  Masters  and  Doctors  degree.  An  exami- 
nation of  the  table  will  reveal  that  during  the  first  year  of  the 
school's  existence,  47.3  per  cent  of  all  teachers  held  no  degree 
and  31.5  per  cent  of  all  teachers  held  the  Bachelors  degree,  while 
only  15.7  per  cent  of  all  teachers  held  the  Masters  degree  and  5.2 
per  cent  held  the  Doctors  degree.  In  sharp  contrast  with  this 
situation,  is  that  for  the  year  1935-36.  In  that  year  only  2.5  per 
cent  of  all  teachers  held  no  degree  and  only  12.5  per  cent  held 
the  Bachelors  degree.  More  than  two-thirds  of  all  teachers,  67.5 
per  cent,  held  the  Masters  degree  and  17.5  per  cent  held  the 
Doctorate.  As  late  as  a  decade  ago,  those  holding  no  degrees 
plus  those  holding  only  the  Bachelors  degree  constituted  more 
than  fifty  per  cent  of  the  entire  faculty.  In  recent  years,  those 
holding  the  Masters  degree  pins  those  holding  the  Doctors  degree 
have  constituted  considerable  more  than  fifty  per  cent  of  the 
entire  faculty. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


197 


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198 


Three  Decades  op  Progress 


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Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


199 


Average  Years  of  Academic  Training 
As  another  method  of  showing  the  improvement  in  academic 
training,  the  average  annual  academic  preparation,  above  second- 
ary leve1,  is  used.  It  is  to  be  understood,  of  course,  that  it  has 
been  impossible  to  get  exact  and  complete  information  regarding 
training  in  every  case.  However,  it  is  likely  that  the  data  are 
sufficiently  complete  and  reliable  to  justify  use  for  this  purpose. 
Such  training  is  shown  in  TABLE  5  and  GRAPH  II. 


TABLE  5.  THE  ACADEMIC  TRAINING,  AS  EXPRESSED  IN  AVER- 
AGE YEARS  OF  ACADEMIC  PREPARATION,  OF  THE  MEM- 
BERS OF  THE  TEACHING  STAFF  OF  THE  EASTERN  KEN- 
TUCKY STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE,  FROM  THE  SCHOOL 
YEAR  1906-07  TO  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  1935-36,  INCLUSIVE. 


Average  Years  of  Academic  Training  Above 

School 

Secondary  Level 

Year 

Men 

'Women 

Total 

1906-07 

3.9 

2.9 

3.4 

1907-08 

3.8 

3.0 

3.3 

1908-09 

3.9 

3.2 

3.5 

1909-10 

4.0 

2.3 

3.2 

1910-11 

4.0 

2.7 

3.4 

1911-12 

4.0 

2.7 

3.3 

1912-13 

4.4 

2.6 

3.4 

1913-14 

4.2 

2.6 

3.4 

1914-15 

4.3 

2.9 

3.5 

1915-16 

5.0 

3.1 

3.8 

1916-17 

4.5 

2.7 

3.4 

1917-18 

4.8 

2.8 

3.6 

1918-19 

4.6 

2.7 

3.4 

1919-20 

4.5 

2.6 

3.5 

1920-21 

4.6 

2.6 

3.5 

1921-22 

4.4 

2.3 

3.3 

1922-23 

4.4 

2.6 

3.4 

1923-24 

4.4 

2.6 

3.3 

1924-25 

4.4 

3.1 

3.7 

1925-26 

4.5 

3.2 

3.S 

1926-27 

4.7 

3.5 

4.1 

1927-28 

4.5 

3.S 

4.1 

1928-29 

5.0 

4.0 

4.5 

1929-30 

5.2 

4.2 

4.7 

1930-31 

5.4 

4.4 

4.9 

1931-32 

5.4 

4.6 

5.0 

1932-33 

5.6 

4.8 

5.2 

1933-34 

5.5 

4.S 

5.1 

1934-35 

5.8 

5.0 

5.4 

1935-36 

5.9 

1 

4.9 

5.4 

200 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


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1928-29 
1929-30 
1930-31 
1931-32 
1932-33 
1933-34 
1934-35 
1935-36 


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Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  20] 

Where  Faculty  Members  of  Eastern,  Past  and  Present, 
Received  Their  Degrees 

Bachelors  Degrees 

TABLE  6  gives  a  list  of  the  institutions  where  Eastern 
faculty  members  received  their  Bachelors  degrees.  It  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  complete  data  were  not  obtainable  for  this 
table  and  those  which  follow.  An  examination  of  TABLE  6 
will  reveal  that  three  institutions,  the  University  of  Kentucky, 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  and  the  Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Teachers  College  are  the  Alma  Maters  of  a  large  number 
of  Eastern  faculty  members.  Six  Eastern  teachers  have  received 
Bachelors  degrees  from  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  and  four  from 
Columbia  University.  With  these  exceptions,  there  seems  to  be 
no  pronounced  tendency  with  respect  to  institutions  where  East- 
ern teachers  received  their  Bachelors  degrees. 


TABLE  6.     WHERE  FACULTY  MEMBERS  OP  EASERN,  PAST  AND 
PRESENT,  RECEIVED  THEIR  BACHELORS   DEGREES 

Number  of  Staff  Members 
of  Eastern  Receiving 
Institutions  Bachelors  Degree 

University  of  Kentucky  43 

Peabody  College  - 26 

Eastern  State  Teachers  College  10 

Ohio  Wesleyan  - 6 

Columbia  University 4 

University  of  Illinois   3 

Georgetown  College  3 

University  of  Michigan  3 

Indiana  University   3 

National  Normal   University   3 

Randolph   Macon   College 2 

Bradley  Polytechnical  Institute  2 

Ohio   Northern   2 

University  of  Chicago - 2 

Oberlin    College    - 2 

University  of  Wisconsin 2 

Cornell  University  2 

East  Indiana  State  Normal  1 

University  of  Nebraska  1 

Southern  Normal  School  1 

Bethany    College    1 

West   Virginia   University    1 

Baptist  College  1 

Kansas  State  Teachers  College  1 

Episcopal   Seminary   1 

Duke    University    1 

George  Washington  University  1 

Western  State  Teachers  College  1 


202  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

TABLE   6    (Continued).     WHERE   FACULTY   MEMBERS   OF 

EASTERN,  PAST  AND  PRESENT,  RECEIVED 

THEIR  BACHELORS  DEGREES 

Number  of  Staff  Members 
of  Eastern  Receiving 
Institutions  Bachelors  Degrees 

Wesleyan   College   - - - 1 

Denison    University    - 1 

Knox  College  — -- 1 

Illinois  College  - - - - 1 

East  Texas  State  Teachers  College 1 

Oxford   University,    England    - 1 

Simmons    University    1 

Hiram  College  - -  1 

Tri   State   College   - - 1 

Carleton  College  - — 1 

State  Teachers  College,  Farmville,  Virginia  1 

Pratt  Institute   - 1 

Highland  Park  College  - 1 

Dartmouth   College   - - - 1 

Valparaiso,   Alabama    1 

Transylvania  University - 1 

Franklin   College   - 1 

Southwestern,   Virginia - - -— 1 

University  of  Louisville   - 1 

Northwestern  University - 1 

Washington  and  Lee  1 

Baldwin  College  - 1 

Jamestown  College  — 1 

Berea 1 

Hope  College - 1 

Vanderbilt   University   1 

Battleground   Academy   1 

Waynesburg  College  1 

Iowa  State  College 1 

University   of   Buffalo    1 

Colorado  University  1 

University  of  Kansas  1 

Central   University 1 

Cedarville    College    1 

James  Millikan  College 1 

Centre   College  1 

Morning  Side  College  1 

Merry ville  College  1 

Union  College  1 

Miami   University   1 

Olivet  College  1 

Masters  Degrees 

TABLE  7  shows  where  staff  members  of  Eastern,  past  and 

present,  received  their  Masters  decrees.  As  can  be  seen  from 
the  table,  Columbia  University,  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers,  and  the  University  of  Kentucky  have  provided  the 
majority  of  Masters  degrees  for  Eastern  faculty  members. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  203 


TABLE  7.  WHERE  EASTERN  TEACHERS,  PAST  AND  PRESENT, 
HAVE  RECEIVED  MASTERS  DEGREES 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Masters  Degrees 

Columbia    University    - - = 27 

Peabody  College  27 

University  of  Kentucky IS 

University  of  Illinois  3 

Ohio   State - - 3 

University  of  Wisconsin  - 3 

Cornell    University    2 

Princeton 2 

University  of  Michigan 2 

Bethany  College 1 

Southern  Normal  School 1 

Ohio  Wesleyan 1 

Kansas  State  Teachers  College 1 

Duke  University  1 

Colorado   State   Teachers   College  1 

Oxford  University,  England 1 

University  of  Chicago 1 

Northwestern  University 1 

National  Normal  University 1 

Ohio   Normal 1 

Doctors  of  Philosophy  Degrees 
TABLE  8  shows  where  staff  members  of  Eastern,  past  and 
present,  have  re.  eived  their  Doctors  of  Philosophy  degrees. 

TABLE  S.  WHERE  STAFF  MEMBERS  OF  EASTERN,  PAST  AND 
PRESENT,  RECEIVED  THEIR  DOCTORS  OF 
PHILOSOPHY  DEGREES 

Number  Receiving  Doctor 
Institutions  of  Philosophy  Degrees 

Peabody  College 6 

University  of   Illinois 3 

Columbia    University 2 

University  of  Chicago 2 

University  of  Wisconsin 2 

University  of  Kentucky 2 

Johns   Hopkins 1 

University  of  Vienna 1 

Cornell    University 1 

Clark   University 1 

Duke    University 1 

University   of   Zurich 1 

University  of  Bonn 1 

Special  Degrees 
TABLE    9    shows    where    teachers    of    Eastern,    past    and 
present,  have  received  special  degrees.     The  Bowling  Green  Bus- 
iness University  leads  with  five  special  degrees,  and  is  followed 


204  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

by  the  University  of  Kentucky,  from  which  institution  three 
Eastern  faculty  members  have  received  special  degrees.  With 
these  exceptions,  there  seems  to  be  no  pronounced  tendency 
with  respect  to  institutions  where  Eastern  teachers  have  received 
special  degrees. 

TABLE  9.     WHERE  TEACHERS  OF  EASTERN,  PAST  AND 
PRESENT,    HAVE   RECEIVED    SPECIAL    DEGREES 

Number  Receiving 
Instructions  Special  Degrees 

Bowling  Green  Business  University  -. , 5 

University   of  Kentucky - , o 

Columbia  University 2 

Valparaiso   University 2 

University  of  Michigan 2 

Ohio  Northern 2 

Northwestern    University 2 

Oberlin 2 

University  of  Louisville 1 

Georgetown  College 1 

Taylor   University 1 

Central   University   1 

Berea  1 

Ohio  Normal  1 

Vanderbilt 1 

University  of  Geneva 1 

Emory   University 1 

Hope    College 1 

Boston  University  1 

National  Normal 1 

Cedarville  College 1 

Peabocly  College  1 

University  of  Minnesota 1 

Where  Present  Faculty  Members  of  Eastern  Received 

Degrees 

Bachelors  Degrees 
TABLE  10  shows  where  present  faculty  members  of  Eastern 
have  received  Bachelors  degrees.  From  this  table  it  can  be  seen 
that  the  University  of  Kentucky.  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers,  and  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  are 
the  Alma  Maters  of  a  majority  of  the  present  teaching  staff  at 
Eastern.  Twenty,  who  now  teach  at  Eastern,  have  received 
their  Bachelors  degrees  from  the  University  of  Kentucky,  fifteen, 
from  Peabody,  and  nine,  from  Eastern.  Three  graduates  from 
Ohio  Weslcyjin  University  are  members  of  the  teaching  staff  at 
Eastern,  and  two,  each,  from  Bradley  Polytechnic  [nstitute  and 
Columbia  University. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  205 

table  10.    where  present  staff  members  of  eastern 
have  received  bachelors  degrees 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Bachelors  Degrees 

University   of  Kentucky - 20 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  15 

Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  9 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University  3 

Bradley  Polytechnic  Institute  2 

Columbia  University 2 

East  Texas  State  Teachers  College  1 

Southwestern  University  1 

State  Teachers  College,  Farmville,  Virginia  1 

Marietta  College  1 

National  Normal  University  1 

Eastern  Indiana  State  Normal  School  1 

University   of  Nebraska   1 

Illinois   College - 1 

University  of  Indiana 1 

Oberlin    College    - 1 

Jamestown  College  1 

Waynesburg    College    1 

University  of  Buffalo  1 

University  of  Michigan 1 

Colorado  University  1 

Ohio  Northern  University  1 

Morningside    College    1 

Maryville    College    - 1 

Duke    University 1 

George  Washington  University  - 1 

Western  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  1 

Denison  University 1 

Knox  College  1 

Oxford  University,  England 1 

Simmons  University 1 

Tri  State  College 1 

Hiram  College 1 

Blasters  Degrees 

TABLE  11  shows  where  present  staff  members  received  their 
Masters  degrees.  It  can  be  seen  from  the  table  that  three 
schools,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  Colnmbia  Uni- 
versity and  the  University  of  Kentucky  have  furnished  the 
majority  of  Masters  degrees  received  by  Eastern  faculty 
members. 

TABLE  11.     WHERE  PRESENT  STAFF  MEMBERS  OF 

EASTERN  HAVE  RECEIVED  MASTERS  DEGREES 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Masters  Degrees 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  21 

Columbia    University   19 


206  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Bachelors  Degrees 

University   of   Kentucky   12 

Ohio  State  University  3 

University  of  Michigan  2 

Colorado  State  Teachers  College  1 

Cornell  University 1 

Kansas  State  Teachers  College  1 

University  of  Wisconsin  1 

Duke   University   1 

University  of  Illinois  1 

Oxford  University  (England)  1 

University  of  Chicago  1 

Ohio  Northern  University  1 

Doctors  of  Philosophy  Degrees 
TABLE  12  shows  where  present  staff  members  received  their 
Ph.  I),  degrees.  George  Peabody  College  leads  the  list,  six  of 
those  who  hold  the  doctorate  having  taken  their  degrees  there. 
The  University  of  Illinois  and  the  University  of  Kentucky  have 
each  furnished  two  Ph.  D.  graduates  of  Eastern's  faculty. 

TABLE  12.     WHERE  EASTERN  TEACHERS  HAVE  RECEIVED 
DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY  DEGREES 

Number  Receiving  Doctor 
Institutions  of  Philosophy  Degrees 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  6 

University  of  Illinois  2 

University  of  Kentucky  2 

Columbia    University    1 

University  of  Chicago  1 

Duke  University  1 

University  of  Vienna  (Austria)  1 

Diplomas  from  State  Teachers  Colleges 
TABLE  13  shows  where  present  teachers  at  Eastern  have 
received  diplomas  from  state  teachers  colleges.  Two  institutions, 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  and  the  Western 
Kentucky  State  Teachers  College,  have  given  diplomas  to  more 
than  one-half  of  all  Eastern  faculty  members  receiving  such 
diplomas. 

TABLE  13.     WHERE  EASTERN  TEACHERS  HAVE  RECEIVED 
DIPLOMAS  FROM  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGES 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Diplomas 

Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School  6 

Western  Kentucky  State  Normal  School  5 

Nebraska  State  Normal  School  1 

Louisiana  State  Normal  College  1 

Oskosh  State  Teachers  College 1 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  207 

TABLE  13  (Continued).     WHERE  EASTERN  TEACHERS  HAVE 

RECEIVED   DIPLOMAS   FROM    STATE   TEACHERS 

COLLEGES 

Number  Receiving 
Institutions  Diplomas 

Middle  Tennessee  State  Normal  School  1 

Ohio  State  Teachers  College  1 

La  Crossee  Teachers  College  1 

Mississippi  State  Normal  School  1 

Indiana  State  Teachers  College  1 

Virginia  State  Normal  School  1 

Special  Degrees 

TABLE  14  shows  the  institutions  where  Eastern  teachers 
have  received  special  degrees. 

TABLE    14.     WHERE   EASTERN    TEACHERS    HAVE 
RECEIVED  SPECIAL  DEGREES 

Number  Who  Have  Received 
Institutions  Special  Degrees 

Bowling  Green  Business  University 3 

Columbia  University 2 

Ohio  Northern   University  2 

University  of  Michigan  2 

Oberlin  College  2 

Northwestern    University   1 

College  of  Business  Administration   (Boston  University)....  1 

Emory  University  1 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  1 

University  of  Kentucky 1 

University  of  Louisville   1 

Taylor  University 1 

Valparaiso  University 1 

Vanderbilt    University   1 

The  Length  of  Service  op  Former  Members 

TABLE  15  shows  the  number  of  staff  members  terminating 
service  during  each  year  and  the  average  length  of  service  those 
retiring  have  given  to  the  institution,  from  1908  to  1935.  The 
word  "terminating"  is  here  given  a  broad  meaning.  It  refers 
to  the  separation  of  a  staff  member  from  the  institution  for  any 
reason  whatever.  Perhaps  the  only  conclusions  which  can  be 
drawn  from  this  table  are  (1)  that  in  recent  years  the  annual 
turnover  has  tended  to  become  smaller  and  (2)  those  retiring 
in  recent  years  have,  on  the  average,  been  with  the  institution 
for  longer  periods  of  time. 


208 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


TABLE  15.  THE  NUMBER  OF  STAFF  MEMBERS  OF  EASTERN 
TERMINATING  SERVICE  EACH  YEAR  AND  THE  LENGTH  OF 
SERVICE  GIVEN  TO  THE  INSTITUTION  FROM  190S  TO  1935, 
INCLUSIVE 


School  Year 
Ending  in 

Number  Terminating 

Service  with   Institution 

During  Year 

Average  Length  of  Service 
Those    Retiring    Have 
Given  to  the  Insti- 
tution 

1908 

11 

1.2 

1909 

10 

2.2 

1910 

8 

2.1 

1911 

11 

1.7 

1912 

11 

2.5 

1913 

2 

2.0 

1914 

3 

2.6 

1915 

5 

2.0 

1916 

5 

5.0 

1917 

10 

4.0 

1918 

8 

3.0 

1919 

2 

1.0 

1920 

6 

2.7 

1921 

11 

5.1 

1922 

9 

2.7 

1923 

5 

1.6 

1924 

10 

2.2 

1925 

6 

1.5 

1926 

4 

2.8 

1927 

10 

5.5 

1928 

12 

4.9 

1929 

8 

3.1 

1930 

10 

4.4 

1931 

9 

2.7 

1932 

7 

7.0 

1933 

0 

0.0 

1934 

5 

5.2 

1935 

1 

5.0 

Average 

3.2 

Present  Faculty 
TABLE  16  gives  the  names  of  the  present  faculty  members 
of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College,  the  date  when 
each  was  employed,  and  the  length  of  time  each  will  have  been 
at  Eastern  at  the  end  of  the  school  year  1935-36. 

TABLE  17  gives  a  distribution  of  the  years  of  service  of  the 
present  members  of  the  teaching  staff  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Teachers  College.  No  conclusions  are  drawn  from  these 
two  tables. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


209 


TABLE  16.  THE  NAMES  OF  PRESENT  FACULTY  MEMBERS,  THE 
DATE  WHEN  EACH  WAS  EMPLOYED,  AND  THE  LENGTH  OF 
TIME  WHICH  EACH  WILL  HAVE  BEEN  AT  EASTERN  AT  THE 
END  OF  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  1935-36 


Name  of  Staff  Member 

Date  When  Staff 

Member  Was  First 

Employed 

Length    of   Time 

Member    Will    Have 

Been  at  Eastern 

Donovan,  H.  L.*  

1928 
1928 
1930 
1932 
1931 
1924 
1924 
1923 
1924 
1925 
1912 
1926 
1926 
1920 
1925 
1926 
1932 
1924 
1928 
1919 
1934 
1923 
1926 
1918 
1928 
1928 
1927 
1925 
1927 
1932 
1910 
1928 
1930 
1925 
1912 
1931 
1920 
1930 
192S 
1934 
1929 
1922 
1929 
1926 
1926 

10 

Adams,  Kernev  M. 

Adams,  Mary  L 

8 
6 

Alvis,  Annie  

4 

Barnhill,  Mrs.  M.  E 

Bennett,  Isabel  t  

5 
10 

Bryant,    G.    0 

12 

Buchanan,    Pearl    L 

Burns,    Virgil    

13 
12 

Burrier,    Mary   King    .... 
Caldwell,    C.    E 

11 

24 

Campbell,    Jane    

10 

Carpenter,    Katie    

Carter,  Ashby  B 

10 
16 

Case,  Mrs.  Emma  Y 

Clark,  Roy  B 

11 
10 

Coates,  J.  Dorland  

Cox,  Meredith  J 

4 
12 

Cuff,    Noel    B 

8 

Deniston,   N.    G 

17 

Derrick,   Lucille    

9 

Dix,   Ruth 

13 

Dorris,  J.  T 

10 

Edwards,    R.    A 

18 

Engle,  F.  A 

sy2 

Farris,  J.  D 

8 

Ferrell,   D.    T 

9 

Flovd,  Mary  

11 

Ford,  Edith  G 

9 

Fowler,  Allie  

4y2 

26 

Gibson,  Maude  

Gill,  Anna  D 

8 

Grise,  P.  M. 

6 

Gumbert,   G.   M 

11 

Hansen,  May   C 

Hanson,    Eliza    M 

Hembree,  George  N 

Herndon,  Thomas  C 

Hood,  Gertrude  N. 

Hounchell,    Saul   

Hughes,  Charles  T. 
Hughes,    Eliza  J    

24 
5 

16 
6 

8 

2 

7 

10 

Hummell,  Armin  D. 

Jones,  WT.  C 

Keene,   W.    L 

7 
10 
10 

210 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


TABLE  16  (Continued).  THE  NAMES  OF  PRESENT  FACULTY 
MEMBERS,  THE  DATE  WHEN  EACH  WAS  EMPLOYED,  AND 
THE  LENGTH  OF  TIME  WHICH  EACH  WILL  HAVE  BEEN  AT 
EASTERN  AT  THE  END  OF  THE  SCHOOL  YEAR  1935-36. 


Name  of  Staff  Member 

Date  When  Staff 

Member  Was  First 

Employed 

Length   of   Time 

Member  Will  Have 

Been  at  Eastern 

Keith,  C.  A 

1912 
1928 
1934 
1930 
1925 
1924 
1931 
1928 

1923 
1931 
1924 
1931 
1928 
1928 
1934 
1935 
1923 
1931 
1935 
1929 
1928 
1926 
1934 
1923 
1908 
1935 
1927 
1917 
1920 
1929 
1926 
1931 
1935 
1928 
1920 

24 

Kennamer,  L.  G — 

8 

Kohl,  Lilly   E 

2 

Krick,  Harriette  V. 
Lee,   Cora  

6 
11 

Lingenfelser,  Margaret 
Lutes,  Mrs.  Helen  Hull 
McDonough,  Thomas  E. 
McKinney, 

Mary   Frances 

12 
5 
8 

13 

Mason    Frances    

5 

Mattox,  M.  E 

12 

Mebane,  Eleanor  

5 

Moore,    W.    J - 

8% 

Murback,  Mrs.  Janet  .... 

Murphy,    Mary    C 

O'Donnell,  W.  F 

8 
2 
1 

Park    Smith  

13 

Pugh,   Ellen 

5 

Rankin    Rome  

1 

Richards,  R.  R 

7 

Rumbold    D.  W 

8 

Rush,    Ruby   

10 

Samuels,  Tom   C 

2 

Schnieb,   Anna   A 

Smith    G.  D.          

13 

28 

Stone,    Thomas    

1 

Story,   Virginia   F 

Telford,  Brown  E. 
Tyng,  Mrs.  Julian  

9 
19 
16 

Van  Peursem,  James  E. 
'Walker,   Samuel   

7 
10 

Whitehead,  Mrs.  Guy.... 

Williams,  Anna  C 

Wilson,    Elizabeth    

Wingo,    Germania    

5 

iy2 

s 

16 

*  During  the  school  years  li>21-2.'!,   lie  was  Dean  of  the  institution. 
t  Was  not  at  Eastern  1927-29. 
%  Was  not  at  Eastern  1923-27. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


211 


TABLE  17.  A  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  YEARS  OF  SERVICE  OF 
THE  PRESENT  MEMBERS  OF  THE  TEACHING  STAFF  OF 
THE  EASTERN  KENTUCKY  STATE  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


Years  of  Service  at  Eastern 


1 
2 
3 
■1 
5 
6 
7 
s 

II 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
I'd 
21 
22 
2:\ 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 


Number   of   Staff  Members 


4 
5 
0 
3 
7 
4 
1 

12 
3 

11 
5 
5 
5 
o 
0 

1 
1 
1 
1 
II 
(I 

0 

II 

3 

0 
1 
0 
1 


Total 


SO 


CHAPTER  XIII 

SOME  FACULTY  CHARACTER  SKETCHES 

By  Maude  Gibson 

The  Writer  of  the  following  notes  has  known,  personally  and 
very  pleasantly,  the  following  members  of  the  faculty  of  the  old 
regime.  All  of  them  were  men  and  women  of  noble  aspirations, 
who  worked  zealously  for  the  betterment  of  all  classes  of  people 
through  popular  education.  "Well  did  they  lay  the  foundations 
for  the  great  educational  program  of  today.  As  the  present 
faculty  build  for  tomorrow,  so  they,  with  very  meager  .support, 
blazed  the  trail  for  this  great  center  of  learning,  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  State  Teachers  College. 

Dr.  Virginia  Spencer 

Eastern's  first  dean  of  women  was  Dr.  Virginia  Spencer. 
Before  coming  to  Richmond  she  had  graduated  from  Kansas 
State  University  at  Lawrence,  and  later  had  traveled  and  studied 
abroad.  Her  Doctors  degree  was  received  from  Zurich,  Switzer- 
land. While  doing  work  at  Clark  University,  she  met  Dr. 
Roark,  and  later  became  a  member  of  his  faculty. 

Dr.  Spencer  was  a  fine  German  scholar,  and  the  students 
of  the  Normal  School  had  the  benefit  of  her  instruction  in  word- 
method  German  classes.  She  also  organized  the  ladies  of  the 
town  into  a  German  club,  which  is  yet  pleasantly  remembered 
Every  summer  she  conducted  a  camp  for  young  ladies  some- 
where on  the  Massachusetts  coast,  and  Richmond  mothers  soon 
appreciated  the  great  opportunity  for  cultural  growth  for  their 
daughters,  under  the  guidance  of  this  very  charming  woman. 

Miss  Margaret  T.  Lynch 

Among  prominent  women  in  the  Catholic  world  of  today,  is 
Miss  Margaret  T.  Lynch,  who  is  noAV  secretary  of  Women's  Work 
in  the  Catholic  Church  of  America.  Besides  this  she  is  a  lawyer 
of  recognized  ability  in  New  York  City. 

In  1908  Miss  Lynch  assumed  the  position  of  critic  teacher  in 


214  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

the  Model  Training  School,  where  she  taught  two  years.  She 
and  the  late  Miss  Mary  Sullivan  became  warm  friends  during 
her  stay  in  Richmond.  This  friendship  continued  throughout 
the  years  until  the  recent  death  of  the  latter. 

Dean  Mary  Roark 
Once  having  known  her,  one  can  never  forget  the  queenly 
dignity  of  the  wife  of  Eastern's  first  president,  who  filled  the 
office  of  dean  of  women  for  seven  years  after  the  death  of  Dr. 
Roark.  The  swirling  mass  of  gray-white  puffs  and  ringlets, 
piled  a-top  her  shapely  head  after  the  style  of  a  quarter  of  a 
century  ago,  the  silver  and  purple  of  her  gowns,  her  smiles,  her 
clever  manipulation  of  Sullivan  Hall  folk,  and  her  Browning 
Club,  all  stand  out  in  retrospect.  Mrs.  Roark  had  a  keen  mind, 
and  her  diplomacy  has  never  been  surpassed  in  campus  circles. 
She  wras  a  Presbyterian  of  the  old  school  and  a  devotee  of  ethical 
culture.  In  her  zeal  for  the  good,  the  pure,  and  the  true,  she 
did  not  hesitate  in  her  beautiful  prayers  in  chapel  to  invoke 
Divine  aid  in  getting  her  fellow  faculty  members  to  recognize 
the  higher  planes  of  human  conduct  and  to  walk  therein.  Fre- 
quently in  the  summer  evenings  one  would  see  Dean  Roark 
starting  forth  in  her  low-swung  buggy,  behind  her  pet  horse, 
which  was  of  feather-bed  proportions,  for  an  airing  among  the 
byways  around  Richmond.  She  was  always  accompanied  by 
some  member  of  her  Browning  Club,  that  the}"  might  "Enjoy 
the  Fruits  of  Solitude"  together. 

Miss  Lelia  Patridge 

' '  Good  morning,  Miss  Patridge ! ' '  and  the  class  bowed 
solemnly. 

"Good  morning',  young  ladies  and  gentlemen,''  and  Miss 
Patridge 's  recitation  was  ready  to  begin.  After  the  salutation, 
all  backs  were  straightened,  all  feet  uncrossed  and  placed  firmly 
on  the  floor.  And  woe  unto  the  forgetful  and  negligent  in  this 
matter. 

Miss  Lelia  Patridge  was  the  author  of  Qitiiiaj  Methods,  and 
publisher  of  Talks  on  Teaching  by  Colonel  Francis  Parker,  lec- 
turer and  dramatic  interpreter  of  wide  reputation  in  the  eastern 
slales. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  215 

She  was  a  member  of  the  first  class  to  graduate  from  the  first 
school  opened  for  special  training  of  teachers  in  the  United 
States,  which  was  Framingham  State  Normal,  Lexington,  Mas- 
sachusetts. Following  graduation  she  took  post  graduate  courses 
in  the  University  of  Chicago,  Clark  University,  Worcester,  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  Philadelphia  Kindergarten  school.  She  special- 
ized in  psychology  and  was  a  follower  of  William  James,  with 
whom  she  studied  at  one  time.  Miss  Patridge  believed  in  the 
occult;  she  dreamed  her  dreams  and  saw  her  visions.  Her  psy- 
chic power  to  put  facts  actually  into  a  student's  head,  as  if  the 
tousled  top  were  opened  up  and  great  truths  laid  gently  on  the 
throbbing  brain,  was  a  little  bit  hard  to  grasp.  But  thirty  years 
ago  psychology  was  different.  Behind  a  large,  spasmodically 
fluttering  fan,  which  was  ostensibly  for  the  protection  of  her  eyes 
from  the  glare  of  Sullivan  Hall  lights,  this  very  cultured,  elderly 
woman  softly  slumbered  while  the  Browning  Club  labored  under 
the  guidance  of  Dean  Roark,  with  the  subtle  meanings  of  Brown- 
ingesque  sentence  structure. 

"Into  the  eve  and  the  blue  far  above  us, — so  blue  and  so 
far." 

Madame  Helena  Piotrowska 

Banished  from  her  native  Poland  because  of  her  political 
activities,  Madame  Piotrowska  sought  refuge  in  America.  In 
1910  she  came  to  Eastern,  where  she  was  given  the  position  of 
head  of  the  Modern  Language  Department. 

Intelligent,  witty,  of  wide  and  varied  experiences,  she  was 
a  lady  of  most  colorful  personality.  It  was  a  great  pleasure  to 
know  her  as  long  as  she  was  not  striving  with  national  and  inter- 
national perplexities.  Plots  and  counter-plots ;  journeys  to  Buf- 
falo, New  York,  and  other  centers,  where  Polish  patriots  might 
bo  found,  and  letters  in  code  to  be  deciphered,  made  those  who 
were  closely  associated  with  her  feel  as  if  a  revolution  was  just 
around  the  corner. 

Like  most  foreign  agitators,  Madame  Piotrowska  spoke  many 
languages  fluently,  but  her  attempt  at  English  idioms  kept  the 
student  body  amused.  For  example,  when  she  said  to  her  class 
with  a  profound  sigh  "I  have  worked  so  hard,  I  am  as  tired  as 
kinbee"  or  "Oh,  I  see  Mistair  Johnson  chasing  a  geese  out  on  the 
campus,"  her  hearers  were  certain  to  smile. 


216  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Her  greatest  pleasure,  by  way  of  exercise  and  change,  was 
to  take  long  trips  over  mountain  trails  on  her  bay  horse.  "When 
she  had  mounted,  the  rather  small  animal  was  covered  from  ears 
to  tail  by  her  voluminous  upper  and  nether  Polish  garments. 
But  that  was  Polish  chic,  and  the  horse  did  not  care.  This 
patriotic  lady  was  intensely  interested  in  moonlight  schools,  and 
Mrs.  Cora  Wilson  Stewart  came  frequently  to  confer  with  her 
because  of  her  energy  and  convincing  eloquence  in  speech  mak- 
ing. A  whirlwind  campaign  was  waged  in  Madison  County, 
and  night  schools  were  opened  even  in  Richmond,  under  her 
leadership. 

When  Poland  became  involved  in  the  World  War,  Madame 
Piotrowska  immediately  left  America,  in  company  with  ignace 
Paderewski,  the  great  pianist,  and  his  wife,  to  fight  for  the 
liberty  of  her  homeland.  Her  death  later  was  caused  by  priva- 
tion and  over-work. 

She  was  a  Polish  patriot  and  a  scholar. 

Dr.  E.  C.  McDougle 

Dr.  E.  C.  McDougle,  the  first  Dean  of  Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Normal  School,  was  a  powerful  force  as  an  organizer  and 
a  classroom  instructor.  Specialization  was  unknown  in  those 
early  days;  therefore,  a  good  teacher  could  take  the  leadership 
in  any  department,  from  the  presidency  to  the  janitor's  place. 

Mathematics,  psychology,  history,  and  English  were  taught 
with  equal  energy  and  enthusiasm  by  this  man  who  was  pro- 
claimed to  be  the  ablest  of  his  peers.  One  outstanding  charac- 
teristic of  Dr.  McDougle 's  Avas  that  he  never  forgot  the  name 
of  persons  whom  he  had  taught.  This  fact  endeared  him  to  all 
the  students  of  yesteryear. 

"0!  come,  come,  come,  to  the  church  in  the  wild  wood," 
boomed  down  over  the  maple  trees,  across  the  campus  and  out 
into  endless  space,  when  his  big  bass  voice  sang  it  in  chapel— 
a  voice  which  always  seemed  to  be  calling  to  the  unheeding  who 
might  be  going  to  school  instead  of  going  astray,  the  voice  of 
a  man  who  used  concise  English  and  who  in  a  few  sentences 
could  say  many,  many  interesting  things,  that  was  Dr.  B.  C. 
McDougle. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  217 

President  John  Grant  Crabbe 

"Now,  young  ladies  and  gentlemen,  this  sort  of  conduct 
is  not  pretty,  it  is  not  becoming',  and  if  you  persist  in  so  doing, 
you  can 't  play  in  my  back  yard  any  more. ' ' 

The  meticulously  groomed  Dr.  J.  G.  Crabbe  has  taken  the 
stage ;  and  who  can  describe  his  flashing  personality,  his  vitality 
which  never  seemed  to  lag  for  a  moment?  His  enthusiasm  was 
infectious.  There  was  always  a  play  being  staged.  The  work 
in  both  Normal  and  Model  training  school  during  his  regime 
was  characterized  by  pageants. 

May  Day,  with  all  its  attendent  processions,  flower  girls, 
May-poles,  plays  and  dances,  was  the  bete  noire  of  the  faculty, 
and  the  delight  of  all  Richmond  and  Madison  County  at  the 
same  time.  Another  magnificent  pageant  commemorating  the 
signing  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  staged  upon  the 
campus.  The  costumes  for  the  actors  were  brought  from  Phila- 
delphia. The  splendor  of  the  black  velvet  coats,  red  satin 
breeches,  gold  knee  buckles  and  lace  ruffles  was  most  dazzling. 
The  fluttering  pre-Revolutionarv  ladies  and  gentlemen  were  pho- 
tographed for  a  moving  picture  which  was  shown  at  the  Rich- 
mond opera  house  to  the  great  happiness  of  the  school. 

Dr.  Crabbe  was  an  organizer.  Nothing  pleased  him  more 
than  a  vacation  jaunt  of  his  own  planning,  on  which  he  would 
be  accompanied  by  twenty  or  twenty-five  ladies  of  his  faculty. 
One  to  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles  and  San  Diego,  California, 
was  exceptionally  delightful  and  worth  while ;  but  there  were 
endless  shorter  excursions  which  were  a  great  pleasure  to  the 
travelers. 

He  helped  the  farmers  organize,  and  they  held  institutes  in 
tents  at  Newby,  White  Hall,  Kingston,  and  other  neighboring 
towns.  Members  of  the  faculty  stayed  at  night  in  the  tents  and 
discussed  farm  problems  with  the  country  folk. 

His  faculty  meetings  prostrated  his  fellow  workers,  because 
he  insisted  upon  the  thorough  study  of  Thorndyke's  Methods 
of  Teaching  and  Monroe's  History  of  Education.  Papers  had 
to  he  written  and  read ;  there  were  discussions,  and  even  grades 
for  the  best  efforts  were  handed  out,  all  of  which  caused  any- 
thing but  angelic  feelings  and  comments  becoming  pedagogues. 


218  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"Now  ladies  and  gentlemen  you  are  dismissed;  always  turn 
to  the  right,  and  keep  off  the  grass,  and  goodbye." 

Professor  G.  D.  Smith 

Twenty-five  years  ago  Professor  Smith's  classroom  was  the 
Mecca  for  all  worn-out  teachers  who  came  to  school  for  physical 
as  well  as  intellectual  repairs.  His  numerous  social  events  fur- 
nished much  extra-curricular  activity  for  the  entire  school.  He 
was  for  many  years  the  -sponsor  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  He  con- 
ducted a  literary  society,  he  took  sight-seeing  parties  to  all  his- 
toric spots  in  this  section  of  the  State,  and  he  gave  two  or  three 
social  affairs  each  term  in  his  own  home  for  his  students.  His 
field  trips  were  interesting  to  see,  as  Professor  Smith,  with  fifty 
or  more  people  of  all  sizes  and  shapes,  headed  for  East  Pinnacle, 
Boonesborough,  or  Berea,  the  fat,  elderly  ladies  and  gentlemen 
barely  keeping  within  hailing  distance  of  their  very  tall,  more- 
or-less  angular,  energetic  leader. 

For  those  who  were  the  victims  of  nostaglia,  there  was 
always  a  taffy  pulling  in  the  offing  down  in  Professor  Smith's 
department.  As  one  bright  youth  remarked,  "I  have  pulled 
enough  taffy  to  encircle  the  globe  twice,  since  I  have  been  in 
Bug  Smith's  department." 

The  friendliness  of  Eastern  is  not  a  myth.  It  started  in 
those  days  when  Richmond  was  a  very  small  town.  There  were 
no  movies,  but  few  entertainments  at  the  old  opera  house,  few 
automobiles,  and  no  way  to  jaunt  about  the  county  except  on 
horse-back.  All  student  entertainments  had  to  be  furnished 
upon  the  campus,  under  the  direction  of  a  faculty  member. 

Professor  Smith  worked  day  and  night  in  his  efforts  to  build 
up  a  large  student  body,  and  hosts  of  former  Easternites  will 
hold  him  in  happy  remembrance  as  the  years  go  by. 

Professor  and  Mrs.  J.  G.  Koch 

There  was  a  charming  romance  in  faculty  circles  in  those 
early  days,  when  the  foundations  of  Eastern  were  being  laid. 

Miss  Marianna  Deverel,  of  Irish  birth,  who  had  received  her 
training  a1  Oshkosh  State  Normal  School,  Wisconsin,  was  now 
the  critic  teacher  of  the  first  and  second  grades  in  the  Model 
School.   She  married  Professor  John  G.  Koch,  the  music  teacher, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  219 

who  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of  Music  in  Cincinnati.  The 
wedding  was  beautiful  and  everybody  approved  heartily  be- 
cause both,  the  contracting  parties  were  popular  and  much  loved. 
The  students,  however,  staged  a  charivari  which  was  something 
of  a  sensation.  No  dish  pan,  cooking  pot,  wash  boiler,  or  old  tin 
can  was  too  lowly  to  be  used  in  the  melee.  The  noise  and  din 
of  rejoicing  was  carried  far  across  the  country  to  Clay's  Ferry, 
Newby,  and  Kingston. 

At  a  given  signal,  the  entire  student  body  filed  down  Second 
Street  and  up  Summit  Avenue  to  the  hill  top.  Every  man  was 
in  his  place,  and  with  the  combined  serenaders  and  onlookers 
there  were  about  five  hundred  present.  The  frightened  bride 
and  groom  took  refuge  in  the  tallest  house  on  the  Summit,  on 
the  topmost  floor,  in  the  farthest  corner,  while  youthful  enthusi- 
asm surged  and  swirled  in  great  glee  below. 

The  noise  finally  broke  upon  the  ears  of  Dr.  Crabbe,  who 
came  like  a  whirlwind  in  his  wrath,  and  put  the  army  to  flight, 
after  declaring  that  "Never  in  the  history  of  the  school,  should 
such  a  disgraceful  thing  happen  again."  But  later  in  the  eve- 
ning the  boys  and  girls  got  cake  and  cider. 

Professor  J.  R.  Johnson 

The  department  of  mathematics  was  headed  by  Professor 
J.  R.  Johnson,  a  graduate  of  Kentucky  State  University,  when 
the  personnel  of  Eastern's  first  faculty  was  completed.  Beside 
his  teaching,  he  was  the  school  surveyor  of  roads,  land,  etc. 
Also,  he  managed  Memorial  Hall  affairs,  where,  as  dean  of  men. 
he  looked  after  the  temporal  comforts  of  the  youth. 

The  hospitality  of  Professor  and  Mrs.  Johnson  was  so  boun- 
tiful and  so  gracious  that  no  truthful  chronicler  can  fail  to 
make  note  of  their  contribution  to  the  welfare  and  happiness 
of  their  associates. 

Mrs.  Johnson,  who  was  also  a  teacher  in  the  department  of 
music  and  a  leader  in  musical  affairs  in  Richmond  as  well,  did 
much  by  way  of  bringing  town  and  gown  together  through  vari- 
ous concerts  and  social  functions. 

Feminine  pulchritude  and  masculine  strength  in  those 
vague  regions  up  the  Big  Sandy  River,  which  were  the  stamping 
ground  of  his  youth,  were  subjects  upon  which  Professor  John- 


220  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

son  liked  to  converse  in  his  reminiscent  moods.  In  other  words, 
he  was  ever  the  loyal  friend  of  the  mountain  people,  and  they 
knew  it.  What  he  said  was  law  and  gospel  to  the  boys  and  girls 
who  hailed  from  the  Kentucky  highlands. 

Professor  I.  H.  Booth 

"Let  me  live  in  a  house  by  the  side  of  the  road  and  be  a 
friend  to  man. ' ' 

The  man  who  wanted,  above  all  else,  to  be  a  friend  to  the 
other  fellow,  was  Professor  I.  H.  Booth.,  who  was  one  of  the  first 
graduates  to  go  forth  from  the  halls  of  Eastern  Normal  School. 
Later  he  returned  as  teacher  of  arithmetic  and  penmanship.  In 
his  life  Mr.  Booth  had  the  fulfillment  of  his  wish.  Because  of 
his  innate  friendliness,  he  was  a  valuable  field  agent  among  the 
mountain  people.  He  visited  the  sick  among  the  students  and 
rounded  up  the  well  ones  and  sent  them  off  to  Sunday  School — 
preferably  the  Methodist,  but  any  denomination  was  encour- 
aged. He  wrote  letters  home  to  the  fathers  and  mothers  for 
worried,  homesick  students,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  saw  that 
the  timid  mountaineer  parents  were  properly  cared  for  when 
they  came  to  visit  their  children. 

In  these  days  of  consolidated  schools,  good  high  schools, 
good  roads  and  automobiles,  young  people  think  and  act 
more  maturely.  The  need  of  so  much  personal  attention  has 
passed  forever,  for  which  there  is  reason  to  be  thankful.  In  the 
early  times,  however,  there  was  a  real  need  for  just  the  work 
Professor  Booth  did  so  quietly,  so  quietly  that  few  people  knew 
about  it,  and  he  never  asked  for  any  remuneration  whatsoever 
for  his  extra  activities. 

Mrs.  Pattie  Miller  Hume 

The  first  Domestic  Science  teacher  (it  is  now  Home  Eco- 
nomics) was  not  very  tall,  though  she  stood  up  straight  on  her 
high-heeled  shoes,  before  a  class  of  both  men  and  women,  and 
gave  her  instructions. 

Away  back  there,  strong  men  and  mighty  ones,  went  through 
the  drill  of  washing  dishes,  hanging  out  tea  towels,  and  all  the 
other  chores  which  a  good  housewife  is  supposed  to  turn  off  with 
great  dexterity. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  221 

Right  here,  let  it  be  affirmed,  the  teacher  of  whom  this  is 
written  was,  and  is  yet,  a  delicatessen  artist.  In  plain  English 
she  could  cook  food  which  was  fit  to  serve  any  king — even 
Edward  VIII. 

This  lady,  Mrs.  Hume,  was  the  official  decorator,  as  well  as 
the  domestic  science  teacher.  She,  with  her  committee,  made 
literally  miles  of  festoons  of  roses,  wisteria,  vines,  leaves  and 
other  decorative  pieces  to  be  used  in  the  lovely  pageants,  which 
were  staged  in  Dr.  Crabbe's  administration.  Her  canopies, 
booths,  chariots,  banqueting  tables,  all  put  out  under  the  trees 
on  the  campus,  were  the  town  talk  from  one  June  until  the  fol- 
lowing month  of  roses. 

Mrs.  Hume  yet  resides  in  Richmond,  where  she  has  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  only  lady  faculty  member  emeritus.  She 
is  frequently  seen  at  chapel,  and  she  also  attends  all  formal 
social  functions.  Though  she  has  stopped  teaching,  Mrs.  Hume 
is  very  busy  with  her  work  in  the  society  of  Colonial  Dames  and 
many  other  social  and  patriotic  activities. 

President  T.  J.  Coates 
Thomas  Jackson  Coates  was  president  of  Eastern  from  1916 
to  his  death  on  March  17,  1928.  On  July  29,  1928,  a  memorial 
program  was  held  in  honor  of  President  Coates.  On  that  occa- 
sion Professor  R.  A.  Edwards,  of  the  Training  School,  paid  a 
beautiful  tribute  to  Eastern's  deceased  president,  With  Mr. 
Edward's  permission  a  part  of  his  paper  is  given  here: 

Twelve  years  ago  he  came  to  the  presidency  of  this  institu- 
tion. At  that  time  the  school  was  small,  but  his  vision  was  large. 
Apparently  in  the  prime  of  life,  he  was  optimistic  and  alert, 
cheerful  and  full  of  courage,  farsighted  and  tactful.  His  hand 
was  steady,  his  step  was  quick,  his  eye  was  clear,  his  cheek  was 
ruddy,  and  his  hair  was  black  as  a  raven's  wing.  A  little  time, 
much  toil,  and  what  a  change! 

That  which  was  his  has  been  reincarnated  in  the  institution 
he  loved,  and  more — whatever  one's  theory  may  be  concerning 
life  hereafter  or  the  transmigration  of  the  soul,  this  much  we 
know  to  be  true:  That  every  life  in  proportion  to  its  influence 
makes  some  contribution  to  the  lives  of  those  about  him.  One's 
associates,  one's  colleagues  in  a  common  endeavor,  and  especially 
the  pupils  who  sit  before  a  teacher  in  school,  become  a  part  of 
that  individual,  assimilating  and  modifying  mental  factors  that 
play  a  part  in  building  more  complex  attitudes  and  ideals,  those 
intangible  concomitants  which  are  passed  on  from  generation  to 
generation,  and  which  with  man's  accumulation  of  learning  form 
pur  social  heritage, 


222  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

When  a  life  such  as  this  one  we  eulogize  today  has  been 
filled  with  good  works  for  his  fellow  man,  then  the  extent  of 
its  contribution  to  the  social  heritage  is  immeasurable,  and  the 
limit  of  time  it  will  carry  on  into  the  future  is  endless.  Truly 
a  great  life  is  immortal  in  more  ways  than  one. 

Always  he  put  the  school  before  self.  A  compliment  to  the 
school  thrilled  him  with  joy;  a  criticism  cut  him  to  the  quick. 
Nor  did  he  consider  himself  the  school.  His  heart  was  bound  up 
in  the  student  body,  the  faculty,  those  with  whom  he  worked 
and  for  whom  he  worked.  Their  achievements  were  his  glory, 
but  their  failures  he  excused  without  censure,  and  he  strengthened 
them  with  the  hand  of  a  father. 

That  teacher  who  showed  signs  of  weakness  and  who  needed 
support  was  the  one  he  complimented  most  graciously.  When  he 
discovered  that  an  instructor  was  in  any  degree  unpopular  with 
the  student  body,  he  made  it  a  point  to  praise  that  instructor 
to  the  students  in  highest  terms.  Many  burdens,  not  rightfully 
his,  did  he  bear  upon  his  own  shoulders.  No  teaching  staff  ever 
received  more  sympathetic  support.  No  school  executive  was 
ever  more  loyal  to  his  faculty. 

It  may  be  said  that  one  mark  of  an  educated  man  is  that 
he  reserves  final  decision  on  a  proposition  until  all  available  in- 
formation concerning  the  subject  has  been  reviewed.  This  was 
characteristic  of  President  Coates.  He  could  make  a  decision 
quickly,  but  he  always  had  an  open  mind,  and  his  opinions  were 
subject  to  change  when  sufficient  evidence  warranted  it.  Using 
a  quaint  aphorism,  he  would  often  say,  'Let  all  the  evidence  be 
fotched  in.'  It  may  be  seen  how  this  characteristic  in  an  execu- 
tive who  was  called  upon  each  day  for  many  decisions  and  opin- 
ions might  inspire  confidence  in  his  colleagues.  Always  there 
was  assurance  that  right  would  prevail.  When  all  facts  were 
marshaled  before  the  President,  his  action  was  based  upon  the 
weight  of  evidence,  and  was  not  determined  by  any  preconceived 
notion  or  mental  set. 

He  has  been  known  to  say  that  when  his  feeling  dictated 
one  course,  and  reason  pointed  out  another,  he  always  tried  to 
submerge  his  feeling  and  to  follow  reason. 

Another  quality  worthy  of  mention  at  this  time  is  toler- 
ance, which  is  not  a  characteristic  of  the  average  person.  Thai 
individual  who  does  not  steel  himself  against  new  ideas  and  new 
truths,  who  recognizes  in  the  researches  of  higher  education  a 
contribution  to  civilization,  and  who  at  the  same  time  is  tolerant 
and  patient  with  the  weaknesses  of  man  and  the  prejudices  of 
the  indoctrinated  masses,  is  either  a  much  enlightened  man,  or 
a  very  good  Christian,  or  both. 

It  may  be  said  to  the  credit  of  this  school  as  a  real  college, 
that  considerable  academic  freedom  has  been  enjoyed  by  the 
teaching  staff.  No  member  has  been  cast  out  or  burned  at  the 
stake  for  exercising  freedom  of  thought  or  freedom  of  speech ;  and 
no  instructor,  to  my  knowledge,  has  infringed  upon  this  liberty 
beyond  the  bounds  of  prudence  and  good  authority. 

Only  one  precaution  was  emphasized  by  the  President:  that 
nothing  should  be  "said  or  done  that  might  stir  up  criticism  and 
injure  the  institution.  He  had  a  liberal  mind,  but  was  always 
tactful  and  careful.  One  guiding  principle  of  his  conduct  was 
that  one  should  never  argue  with  a  friend.  Always  he  strove  to 
protect  the  name  of  the  school,  and  to  keep  it  respected  by  the 
people  it  served  and  whose  instrument  it  is. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  223 

Another  trait  which  was  outstanding  in  his  make-up,  and 
which  inspired  many  of  his  faculty  to  supreme  effort,  was  that 
of  incessant  work,  consecration  to  the  task  before  him,  and  con- 
stant application  to  the  many  and  varied  problems  of  administra- 
tion. In  this  respect  he  set  an  example  for  everybody  on  the 
campus.  He  was  an  indefatigable  worker.  Each  day  of  his  life 
was  the  same,  and  there  was  no  end  to  the  day.  Often  he  con- 
tinued his  labors  far  into  the  night,  and  while  his  disciples  slept, 
he  toiled  on.  Rest  and  recreation  were  practically  unknown  to 
him.  He  did  not  know  how  to  play.  Such  intense  application  to 
labor  was  no  doubt  responsible  for  much  of  his  success  in  life. 
It  is  reflected  in  the  thoroughness  of  the  tasks  he  performed.  But 
also  it  may  be  said  that  his  own  life  was  shortened  thereby.  He 
burned  the  candle  at  both  ends — rapidly  and  suddenly  it  burned 
out.  During  the  last  year  or  two  of  his  life  it  was  evident  that 
the  flame  was  flickering.  He  was  not  entirely  the  same  that  he 
had  been.  His  wonderful  store  of  native  vitality,  strong  as  the 
rock-ribbed  hills  that  gave  him  birth,  supported  his  master  in- 
tellect for  three  score  years  and  more,  but  finally  it  was  ex- 
hausted.    He  had  given  his  life  to  the  school  and  for  the  school. 

Shortly  after  President  ('nates'  death  Professor  W.  L. 
Keene,  of  the  English  Department,  composed  a  beautiful  poem, 
"White  Silence",  in  honor  of  Eastern's  beloved  president.* 
With  Mr.  Keene 's  permission  this  poem  is  included  in  this 
chapter. 

WHITE    SILENCE 

The  night  he  died  white  silence  shrouded  deep 

The  little  world  he  loved.     The  campus  ground 
Lay  dim  with  brooding  trees,  close  guarded  round 

With  somber  shadowed  buildings  still  as  sleep. 
Snowflakes  falling  soft  as  whispered  breath 

Enfolded  all  the  earth.     No  other  sound 
Disturbed  the  quietness.     In  grief  profound 

His  little  world  its  vigil  kept  with  death. 

Alone  with  death — and  memories  of  how 

He  walked  these  silent  ways  late  hours  of  night, 

One  arm  behind  his  back,  the  restless  care 
Of  endless  toil  a  fever  on  his  brow: 

Heroic,  tragic,  lonely  in  the  light. 

The  pale  cold  moonlight  on  his  silver  hair. 

Roscoe  Gilmore  Stott 

Just  another  humorist,  lecturer,  writer,  and  songster  from 
Indiana  is  what  he  might  be  called.  Indiana  is  noted  for  pro- 
ducing interesting  people  who  do  many  interesting  things, 
and   Mr.    Stott  was   not   the   least    of   these.      During   his   stay 


*  Considerable  snow  had  fallen  only  a  short  time  before  President 
Coates  passed  away  in  the  Pattie  A.  Clay  Infirmary.  His  death  was  on 
Saint  Patrick's  Day,  1928,  which  was  his  birthday. 


224  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

on  the  campus  he  kept  the  place  in  a  gale  of  laughter.  His  fund 
of  humor  never  seemed  to  be  exhausted.  Like  the  widows  meal 
barrel,  it  was  ever  replenished  by  unseen  hands.  He  is  yet  on 
the  lecture  platform  and  upon  his  very  rare  visits  to  Richmond, 
the  school  takes  a  holiday,  while  the  old  timers  shake  hands  and 
swap  yarns  with  a  valued  friend. 

R.  A.  Foster 

Dr.  Foster  belongs  to  the  land  of  make-believe — the  land 
of  poetry,  art  and  music,  and  beautiful  dreams.  He  is  now 
teaching  at  Ohio  University,  Athens,  Ohio,  but  everyone  knows 
there  is  a  lovely  poem  in  the  offing  while  he  labors  in  the  interest 
of  education.  While  at  Eastern,  his  classroom  was  the  charmed 
spot  for  all  the  young  people  who  had  ambitions  in  a  literary 
way.  Here,  surrounded  by  his  students,  the  children  of  his 
brain  were  presented  in  a  manner  which  impressed  themselves 
as  some  great  sermon  affects  the  mind.  He  had  a  way  of 
appealing  to  all  sorts  and  types  of  people — no  matter  what  their 
interest  might  be.  Athletes,  pre-medical  students,  all  of  them, 
came  away  from  his  classes  feeling,  somehow,  as  if  they  had 
heard  something  of  real  value  while  there.  It  was  a  real  loss 
to  Eastern  and  the  State  as  well,  when  Dr.  Foster  decided  to 
cast  his  lot  with  the  Buckeyes. 

Dr.  Wren  Jones  G-rinstead 
During  the  early  days  of  Eastern,  Dr.  Wren  Jones  Grin- 
stead  was  an  outstanding  personage  on  the  campus.  Both  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Grinstead  were  people  of  charming  manners  and  much 
physical  beauty,  and  naturally  they  were  social  leaders  among 
the  faculty  folk.  Perhaps  a  few  years  in  Australia,  immediately 
following  graduation  from  Transylvania  University,  added  to 
the  cosmopolitan  air  which  seemed  to  surround  these  young 
people.  Be  that  as  it  may,  when  they  left  Richmond  to  take 
np  their  residence  in  Philadelphia,  where  Dr.  Grinstead  became 
a  member  of  the  education  staff  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Eastern  suffered  a  great  loss.  There  was  a  sense  of  lone- 
someness  among  their  friends.  Eastern  does  not  forget  the  in- 
teresting events  which  the  students  in  the  Latin  classes  staged 
in   the  chapel,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Grinstead,  nor  shall 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  225 

his  kindly,  genial  attitude  toward  his  fellow  workers  ever  be 
forgotten.  In  retrospect,  one  might  say  that  Dr.  Grinstead  was 
in  his  happiest  moments  when  engaged  in  a  friendly  battle  of 
words  over  some  weighty  matter  like  class  absences  or  methods 
of  grading  while  in  faculty  meetings.  Elegant  diction  and  deli- 
cate shades  of  meaning  in  English  sentences  abounded,  even 
floated  in  the  air  when  these  verbal  contests  waged  about  the 
ears  of  the  less  eloquent  ladies  who  were  trying  to  sleep  off  their 
worries. 

Mrs.  Mary  B.  Deane 

In  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  wherever  her  former 
students  abide,  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Deane  is  fondly  remembered.  For 
many  years  she  was  a  member  of  the  science  facility  at  Eastern, 
where  physical  geography  was  her  special  department.  She  had 
traveled  widely  throughout  North  America  in  the  interest  of  her 
work,  and  her  collection  of  unusual  and  valuable  material  was 
a  delight  to  her  students  as  well  as  a  great  asset  to  the  institu- 
tion. 

Aside  from  her  teaching,  Mrs.  Deane  was  interested  in 
forensies  and  stage  craft.  Many  a  student  of  yesterday  was 
proud  to  march  under  the  banner  of  the  Carpediem  literary 
society,  which  produced  speakers  and  actors  of  pronounced 
ability.  This  lady  had  lived  through  the  War  between  the 
States,  which  she  did  not  forget,  She  ever  held  aloft  her  ban- 
ners in  memory  of  her  suffering  people.  She  was  a  fine,  proud, 
Southern  woman,  who  was  always  ready  to  stage  a  good  fight  in 
defense  of  her  religious  or  political  convictions. 

As  she  grew  in  years,  Mrs.  Dean's  greatest  desire  was  to  die 
while  at  her  work  on  the  campus  which  had  been  her  home  so 
long.  This  wish  was  granted  her  one  morning  when,  with  a 
smile  and  a  wave  of  her  hand,  she  left  her  classroom  for  a  breath 
of  air.  In  a  few  moments  someone  told  her  students  that  their 
good  friend  had  passed  out  into  that  boundless  eternity  from 
which  no  one  ever  returns. 

At  the  eventide  of  a  glorious  spring  day,  when  the  air  was 
redolent  with  the  breath  of  flowers  and  shrubs,  Mrs.  Dean  crossed 
the  threshold  of  Bnrnam  Hall.  Overhead  a  tiny  thread  of 
silver  moon  and  the  evening  star  trembled  in  the  purple  after- 

E.  S.  T.  c— 8 


226  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

glow  of  the  setting  sun.  A  soft  wind  was  whispering  among  the 
maples,  and  far  down  on  the  campus  could  be  heard  the  last  call 
of  the  robins  and  blue  birds  as  they  settled  down  to  rest.  Al- 
together it  was  a  fitting  farewell  to  this  wonderful  woman,  whose 
devotion  to  the  Old  South,  the  beautiful,  tragic  Old  South  of 
those  other  days,  never  faltered  nor  failed. 


CHAPTER  XIV 
THE  ALUMNI 
By  Lucile  Derrick  and  Sam  Beckley 
In  the  spring'  of  1907,  less  than  a  year  after  its  formal  open- 
ing, the   Eastern  Kentucky   State   Normal   School   awarded   its 
first  certificates  to  the  five  students  who  had  completed  the  pre- 
scribed work  at  the  new  institution.     By  the  end  of  the  next 
year,   1908,  the  graduating  class  counted  a   one  hundred  per 
cent  gain,   and  ten   certificates  were   awarded.     It   was   in   the 
following  year,  1909,  that 

the  first  commencement  exercises  of  the  Normal  were  held  in 
the  Chapel  Hall  oh  the  evening  of  July  13.  The  room  was  well 
decorated  for  the  occasion  and  a  large  crowd  was  present. 

The  students  of  the  graduating  class  and  the  members  of 
the  Faculty  assembled  in  one  of  the  classrooms  and  at  eight 
o'clock  marched  into  the  chapel  to  the  beautiful  strains  of  music 

The  faculty  took  seats  on  cue  side  of  the  platform  and  the 
Class  on  the  other  side  .  .  . 

And  it  was  the  eleven  students  of  this  class  who  extended 

to  the  class  of  next  year  the  hearty  wishes  of  a  good  cheer  for 
hard  work  and  tough  examinations,  and  bequeaths  to  them  the 
privilege  of  attending  an  annual  banquet  and  the  satisfaction  of 
receiving  a  "sheep-skin"  on  the  night  of  the  Commencement.1 

These  felicitations  and  privileges  were  passed  on  in  1910 
by  50  graduates,  in  1911  by  26,  in  1912  by  22,  in  191-3  by  50,  in 
1914  by  59,  in  1915  by  34,  in  1916  by  59,  and  in  1917  by  79.  In 
1918,  due  to  the  call  to  service  in  the  World  War,  the  number 
of  graduates  dropped  to  32  and  in  1919  to  18.  By  1920,  the  in- 
crease began  again  and  in  that  year  32  were  given  certificates; 
in  1921,  35;  in  1922,  53;  in  1923,  78;  and  in  1924,  127. 

The  following  year,  1925,  Eastern  proudly  conferred  her 
first  degrees  upon  thirteen  applicants.  This  year  marked  the 
smallest  degree  class  in  the  history  of  the  institution.  By  June 
of  the  following  year,  1926,  twenty-seven,  over  twice  the  number 
of  the  previous  year,  were  ready  to  receive  degrees.  In  1M27,  23 
degrees  were  conferred;  in  1928,  35;  in  1929,  63;  in  1930,  55;  in 


1  Student,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School,   Richmond,  Kentucky, 
Vol.  2,  No.  11,  July,  19  09. 


228  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

1931,  70;  in  1932,  106;  and  in  1933,  118.  In  1934,  ten  years  from 
the  year  that  Eastern  granted  127  two-year  certificates  represent- 
ing the  highest  mark  of  attainment  at  that  time,  she  conferred 
125  degrees  representing  completion  of  four  years  of  train- 
ing.    In  1935,  139  students  received  degrees. 

In  the  eighteen  commencements  preceding  the  first  granting 
of  degrees  a  total  of  780  graduates  with  two  years  of  training 
were  sent  forth.  In  the  eleven  years  of  granting  degrees  repre- 
senting fonr  years  of  training,  774  students  have  been  graduated. 
Of  course,  a  number  of  the  two-year  graduates  have  returned 
and  completed  fonr  years  of  training.  Excluding  these,  the 
total  number  of  individuals  still  remains  well  over  a  thousand. 

Also  it  is  interesting  to  note  how  the  ratio  of  men  graduates 
to  the  number  of  women  lias  changed.  In  1926  the  graduating 
class  consisted  of  41  per  cent  men  and  59  per  cent  women. 
Even  as  late  as  1931,  the  number  of  women  was  20  per  cent 
higher  than  that  of  men.  By  1935,  however,  the  men  claimed 
49.2  per  cent  of  the  class  enrollment,  and  the  women  50.7  per 
cent.  This  year,  1936,  ma}'  see  the  number  of  men  even  sur- 
passing that  of  the  women. 

Many  of  these  graduates  have  done  graduate  work  in  the 
leading  graduate  schools  of  the  country,  and  are  now  holding 
positions  of  leadership  and  responsibility.  While  the  larger 
numbers  are  found  in  the  school  classrooms,  many  are  filling 
superintendents',  principals',  supervisory,  and  various  adminis- 
trative positions.  Not  a  few  have  given  their  talents  and 
energies  toward  helping  to  bring  to  others  richer  and  fuller  lives 
through  other  professions  than  teaching.  Eastern  is  proud  of 
her  sons  and  daughters  wherever  they  are,  whether  they  are 
giving  to  the  youth  of  the  land  whatever  they  have  to  impart  of 
cull urc  and  knowledge,  or  helping  to  relieve  the  physical  suffer- 
ing of  mankind,  or  carrying  to  less  fortunate  races  their  own 
ideals  of  spiritual  and  cultural  standards,  or  assisting  in  the 
development  of  some  worthy  engineering  or  mechanical  feat. 
1(  is  not  possible  in  mention  here,  individually,  the  many  praise- 
worthy and  noble  achievements,  although  they  deserve  all  the 
glory  and  honor  that  Eastern  can  bestow. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  229 

The  graduates  have  maintained  their  own  organization 
known  as  the  Alumni  Association  since  it  was  first  initiated  by 
the  class  of  1909.     It  was 

On  July  14th  the  members  of  the  Class  of  '09  met  at  the  call 
of  Class  President  Starns  in  the  parlors  of  Memorial  Hall  and 
organized  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School.  This  is  the  first  organization  of  its  kind  within 
the  Normal  School,  and  the  members  of  the  present  graduating 
class  [Leslie  Anderson,  S.  P.  Chandler,  H.  L.  Davis.  O.  B.  Fallis, 
C.  H.  Gifford,  Cam  S.  Holbrook,  J.  C.  Jones,  Elizabeth  W.  Morgan, 
Ila  Pettus,  Cathryn  V.  Scott,  D.  H.  Starns]  became  its  charter 
members.     .     . 

In  the  election  of  officers,  D.  H.  Starns  was  made  President, 
S.  B.  Chandler,  Vice  President,  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Morgan,  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer,  and  the  Association  started  on  its  forward 
career  among  the  many  other  similar  associations  of  the  country. 

The  purpose  of  this  Association  is  to  establish  a  closer 
and  more  intimate  connection  between  the  graduates  of  the 
Normal  School.2 

The  Association  constitution  was  revised  in  1928  and  in  1934-35 
by  appointed  committees,  and  these  revisions  were  adopted  by 
the  Association  membership.  The  organization  each  year  elects 
its  president,  first  and  second  vice  presidents,  and  they  in  turn 
appoint  the  secretary-treasurer,  who  serves  without  salary,  but 
who  must  lie  on  the  college  campus. 

According  to  the  only  information  available,  it  seems  that 
the  alumni  banquet  held  on  the  campus  each  spring  has  been  an 
annual  affair  of  commencement  week.  Previous  to  1932  the 
yearly  meeting  of  the  Association  members  has  been  held  in  the 
afternoon  preceding  the  banquet.  In  that  year  the  custom  nf 
having  the  business  meeting  follow  the  banquet  was  inaugurated. 
It  is  at  these  meetings  that  the  officers  of  the  organization  are 
elected  for  the  ensuing  year.  It  has  long  been  the  custom  to 
have  the  banquet  program  composed  largely  of  alumni  speakers. 

Also  many  Eastern  graduates,  along  with  ex-students  and 
faculty  members,  have  met  each  year  in  some  form  of  social 
gathering  at  the  meeting  of  the  K.  E.  A.  in  Louisville.  These 
meetings  have  been  formal  and  informal  dinners,  recep- 
tions, luncheons,  and  breakfasts.  Regional  organizations  also 
have  served  to  hold  the  graduates  together  in  closer  personal 
and  professional  relationships. 


2  Student,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal   School,   Richmond,  Kentucky, 
Vol.   2,  No.   11,  July,   1909. 


230  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Recently  it  was  found  that  some  classmates  had  not  seen 
each  other  for  twenty-five  years.  In  that  space  of  time  many 
tilings  can  happen.  Twenty-five  years  can  alter  gay,  young, 
visionary  graduates  into  men  and  women  seasoned  by  ex- 
perience and  balanced  by  judgment.  Such  the  ten  gradu- 
ates of  the  class  of  1908  found  when  they  returned  from 
various  parts  of  the  United  States  to  the  campus  in  1933 
for  their  reunion  after  a  quarter  century  of  separation. 
In  1934  the  class  of  1909  was  invited  to  return  as  honor  guests, 
and  five  of  them  found  it  possible  to  do  so.  In  1935.  nine  mem- 
bers of  the  class  of  1910  met  together  at  Eastern.  At  the  same 
time  the  degree  class  of  1925  called  its  members  back  for  a  re- 
union after  a  decade  of  absence.  These  quarter-century  and 
decade  reunions  are  now  established  as  a  permanent  policy  of 
the  institution.  In  addition  to  being  honor  guests  of  commence- 
ment week  at  the  College,  the  alumni  have  charge  of  the  chapel 
program  preceding  commencement,  when  each  honor  guest  ap- 
pears on  the  program.  At  least  one  of  the  group  is  also  chosen 
to  speak  at  the  Alumni  banquet  on  the  following  evening. 

Several  of  the  other  classes  from  time  to  time  have  held  their 
own  reunions  at  times  and  places  convenient  to  them.  One  class 
has  held  at  least  one  reunion  yearly  since  graduation.  It  is 
hoped  that  these  classmates  may  continue  to  keep  this  close  con- 
tact with  each  other.  A  member  of  the  class  of  1913  reports 
that  their  last  reunion  was  in  1916.  How  happy  Eastern  will 
be  to  welcome  them  back  home  and  see  them  all  together  again 
in  1938! 

It  would  be  exceedingly  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  meas- 
ure and  record  what  Eastern's  graduates  have  done  and  are 
doing  for  their  Alma  Mater.  Among  concrete  evidences  stand 
the  brick  pillars  at  the  entrances  to  the  buildings  on  Lancaster 
Avenue,  gifts  of  the  classes  of  1913,  1914,  1916,  l!>23.  and  1924. 
Over  the  library  mantels  stand  the  beautiful  bronze  friezes  given 
by  the  class  of  1!)22.  In  the  niches  along  the  stairways  of  the 
Administration  Building  stand  busts  of  Henry  (lay  (a  gift 
of  the  class  of  1932),  of  Lincoln  (a  gift  of  the  class  of  1933),  of 
Wilson  (a  gift  of  the  class  of  1934),  and  of  Lindbergh  (a  gift 
of  the  class  of  1935).  The  class  of  1931  left  its  contribution  to 
the  Studenl   Loan  Fund.     The  beautiful  plaque  in  the  entrance 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  231 

to  the  Administration  Building  is  a  gift  of  the  class  of 
1935.  Another  plaque,  a  gift  of  the  class  of  1922,  hangs  in  the 
library.  Two  pictures  have  been  reported  to  be  gifts  of  classes, 
but  to  date  the  definite  classes  making  the  donations  have  not 
been  ascertained.  Inside  the  Administration  Building  hangs 
the  portrait  of  the  late  President  Coate.s — a  gift  of  the  entire 
Alumni  Association.  The  liberal  support  of  Eastern's  graduates 
lias  also  helped  to  make  possible  the  new  stadium.  But  far  more 
difficult  to  measure  and  yet  far  more  valuable  has  been  the 
whole-hearted  .support,  the  constant  loyalty  and  the  enthusiastic 
cooperation  which  they  have  ever  manifested  for  their  Alma 
Mater. 

And  now,  as  Eastern  is  completing  her  thirtieth  year  of 
teacher-training,  she  is  looking  forward  to  graduating  the  largest 
class  in  her  history.  She  will  soon  place  her  banner  at  their 
head  and  lead  them  in  academic  procession  to  their  places  in  the 
front  of  the  auditorium,  beautifully  decorated  in  their  honor. 
Amid  the  cheers  of  over  a  thousand  friends  she  will  confer  upon 
them  their  cherished  degrees.  Then  to  the  strains  of  "Alma 
Mater"  she  will  send  them  forth,  and  her  lamp  will  continue 
to  light  the  way  for  them  as  they  take  their  places  among  her 
other  sons  and  daughters. 

Appendix  F  contains  the  two-year  alumni  previous  to  1925, 
and  Appendix  G  contains  a  directory  of  the  four-year  graduates 
to  date.  Due  to  lack  of  information  and  present  addresses  for 
a  large  number  of  the  two-year  graduates,  it  was  found  impos- 
sible to  give  individual  and  detailed  training  and  experience  data 
as  are  given  for  the  degree  graduates.  It  is  hoped,  however, 
that  such  information  can  be  collected  and  made  available  in  the 
very  near  future  and  that  a  complete  and  descriptive  directory 
of  the  two-year  graduates  can  be  published. 


232 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


OLD   CENTRAL   UNIVERSITY 


Founder!  in  Richmond  in  1874  by  the  Kentucky  Synod 
of  the  Southern  Presbyterian  church.  The  campus  and 
properties  of  Central  University  were  later  transferred 
to  the  Commonwealth  of  Kentucky  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School, 
now  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College. 
This  building-  is  now  occupied  by  the  Model  High  School 
of   the  college. 


CHAPTER  XV 

CENTRAL  UNIVERSITY 
By  Jonathan  T.  Dorris 

As  was  particularly  indicated  in  Chapter  II,  another  higher 
institution  of  learning-,  called  Central  University,  existed  in 
Richmond  prior  to  the  founding'  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Teachers  College.  It  is  proper,  therefore,  that  this  book  contain 
an  account  of  the  earlier  school,  since  its  existence  largely  deter- 
mined the  location  of  the  later  institution  and  especially  since 
its  campus  and  buildings  became  the  possessions  of  the  Teachers 
College. 

The  University  was  a  denominational  school  established  in 
the  early  1870 's  by  those  Presbyterians  of  the  State  who  had 
objected  to  certain  political  policies  of  their  General  Assembly 
during  and  immediately  after  the  Civil  War,  and  who  finally 
became  a  separate  organization  without  schools  and  without 
places  of  worship.  It  is  fitting,  therefore,  that  a  brief  statement 
be  given  concerning  the  circumstances  which  produced  a  division 
in  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of  Kentucky. 

The  Schism  in  the  Presbyterian  Church1 
When  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
convened  in  Philadelphia  in  May,  1861,  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  had  already  been  formed  and  the  Civil  War  begun. 
The  Assembly  was  strongly  pro-Union,  and,  in  recognition  of  the 
seriousness  of  the  situation,  it  passed  a  resolution,  by  a  vote  of 
156  to  66,  fixing  the  next  fourth  of  July  as  a  day  of  prayer  for 
the  United  States  and  declaring  the  Church's  obligation  to  sup- 
port the  Federal  Government  during  the  struggle  of  the  Con- 
federacy for  independence.  This  action  of  the  majority  of  the 
Assembly  was  regarded  by  the  minority  as  contrary  to  the  con- 
stitution and  tradition  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  which  they 
said,  had  always  stood  for  the  separation  of  church  and  state 


1  The  writer  has  published  a  much  longer  account  of  Central  University 
in  the  April,  19:J4,  number  of  the  Kentucky  Historical  Society  Register,  which 
also  contains  a  complete  list  of  the  faculty  and  graduates  of  the  University 
and  the  bibliography  used  in  preparing  the  account.  One  hundred  reprints 
were  published. 


234  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

and  for  aloofness  from  political  controversies.  Fifty-eight  dis- 
senters, thereupon,  entered  a  formal  protest  against  the  action 
of  the  assembly.  It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  the  Southern 
Presbyterians  admitted  their  differences  with  the  Northern 
Presbyterians  on  the  subject  of  slavery  as  well  as  on  the  subject 
of  political  affiliations. 

During  the  Civil  "War  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  Con- 
federacy comprised  only  those  synods  in  the  eleven  seceded 
States.  The  synods  in  the  slave  States  which  did  not  secede 
remained  loyal  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  North.  The  Ken- 
tucky synod,  for  example,  in  1861,  deplored  the  separation  and 
declared  its  adherence  "with  unbroken  purpose  to  the  Presby- 
terian Church  in  the  United  States  of  America."  It  did  not 
take  this  stand,  however,  until  it  had  disapproved  the  action  of 
the  General  Assembly  at  Philadelphia  in  committing  the  Church 
to  the  support  of  the  Union.  The  General  Assembly  did  not 
allow  this  disapproval  to  pass  unnoticed.  At  its  next  meeting 
(1862)  it  condemned  the  synod's  criticism  and  thereby  further 
irritated  a  large  majority  of  the  Kentucky  membership,  whose 
disaffection  increased  to  the  end  of  the  conflict. 

Now  that  the  Civil  War  was  over  and  the  Union  preserved, 
the  actual  division  in  the  Kentucky  synod  might  not  have  oc- 
curred if  the  General  Assembly  had  not  continued  its  policy  of 
sanctioning  actions  of  the  Federal  Government  and  trying  to 
make  all  units  of  the  Church  conform  to  the  Assembly's  man- 
dates. 

Finally  the  Kentucky  Synod  (October,  1S66\  disregarded 
the  will  of  the  Assembly  by  seating  certain  condemned  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Louisville  Presbytery.  This  caused  Dr.  Pobert 
J.  Breckinridge  and  thirty-odd  other  commissioners  who  were  in 
sympathy  with  the  Assembly  to  withdraw  from  the  synod.  The 
remaining  delegates  (about  108)  .still  declared  their  loyalty  to 
the  Presbyterian  Church  North,  but  they  continued  to  protest 
against  the  policies  of  its  General  Assembly.  The  separation  in 
the  synod,  however,  was  soon  entirely  effected,  for  in  1867  the 
northern  Assembly  declared  the  seceders,  that  is.  ])r.  Brecken- 
ridge  and  his  followers,  to  be  the  true  synod  of  Kentucky. 
There  were  now  two  Presbyterian  synods  in  Kentucky.  The 
one  sympathizing  with  the  late  Confederacy  hastened  to  recog- 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  235 

nize  the  separation  declared  by  the  northern  General  Assembly 
and  in  November,  1867,  applied  to  the  southern  Presbyterian 
Church  for  union  with  it.  being  admitted  in  1868.  Now  a  ques- 
tion arose  concerning-  the  ownership  and  use  of  the  property 
belonging  to  the  Church  before  the  separation. 

A  New  University  Founded 

Prior  to  the  division  of  the  Presbyterians  in  Kentucky, 
Centre  College  and  the  Presbyterian  Seminary  in  Danville,  Ken- 
tuck}',  were  the  higher  institutions  of  learning  under  the  control 
of  the  synod  of  the  State.  Centre  College  had  been  founded  in 
1819  by  certain  conservative  religious  elements  in  the  State, 
who  were  not  in  sympathy  with,  the  very  liberal  ecclesiastical 
views  of  President  Horace  Holley  and  his  administration  of 
Transylvania  University  at  Lexington.  The  young  college  was 
so  badly  in  need  of  funds  that,  in  1824,  it  gave  the  synod  the 
right  to  elect  its  board  of  trustees  for  the  synod's  contribution  of 
<$20,0U0.  The  charter  of  the  college  was  properly  amended  by 
the  State  Legislature  to  include  this  arrangement.  Henceforth 
Centre  College  was  virtually  under  the  control  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian synod  of  Kentucky. 

As  one  might  expect,  when  the  Presbyterians  of  the  State 
divided,  each  synod  claimed  the  right  to  elect  the  trustees  of 
Centre  College,  and  proceeded  to  do  so.  The  Northern  General 
Assembly,  of  course,  recognized  the  trustees  of  its  synod.  The 
Southerners,  having  a  considerable  majority  in  the  State,  under- 
took to  have  the  Legislature  modify  the  charter  of  the  college 
.so  as  to  give  their  synod  the  right  to  elect  the  trustees;  but 
their  measure  failed  in  the  Senate.  Then  they  resorted  to  the 
courts,  refusing  at  the  same  time  to  join  the  other  synod  in  some 
form  of  joint  control  of  the  college,  or  in  a  division  of  its  assets. 
But  in  every  effort  the  courts  "gave  the  college  to  the  original 
synod  ...  as  having  steadfastly  adhered  to  the  original 
General  Assembly, "  whose  synodical  contract  with  the  college 
in  1824  was  declared  valid. 

The  southern  Presbyterians  of  Kentucky  now  determined  to 
found  a  college  of  their  own.  Accordingly,  in  May,  1872,  a  num- 
ber of  ministers  and  laymen,  many  of  whom  had  been  students 
at  Centre  College,  organized  the  Alumni  Association  of  Central 


236  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

University.  Soon  thereafter  a  charter  was  obtained  providing 
for  Central  University,  whose  government  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  those  who  had  endowed  it,  who  would  later  become  its 
graduates,  and  whom  the  Alumni  Association  might  thereafter 
elect.  The  only  control  given  the  synod  was  the  election  of  a 
teacher  of  ethics  and  morals  and  the  privilege  of  establishing 
a  school  of  theology  as  a  part  of  the  University.  It  might  also 
control  one  of  the  six  preparatory  schools  authorized  by  the 
charter.  This  made  the  institution  only  nominally  ecclesiastical 
and  denominational. 

The  charter  of  the  University  provided  that  the  Alumni 
Association  should  elect  from  its  members  a  Board  of  Curators, 
who  would  be  responsible  for  the  educational  policies,  and  a 
Board  of  Trustees,  who  would  be  responsible  for  the  business 
interests,  of  the  institution.  The  curators  were  to  elect  a  Chan- 
cellor, who  was  to  be  the  chief  executive  of  the  University  and 
chairman  of  both  Boards.  The  charter  also  called  for  an  en- 
dowment of  at  least  $150,000.  In  due  time  subscriptions  total- 
ing $220,000  were  obtained,  $101,000  of  which  was  subscribed 
by  citizens  of  Richmond  and  Madison  County,  whose  early  sub- 
scription of  $50,000,  in  the  words  of  the  first  chancellor.  "  an- 
swered the  discouragements  of  those  who  urged  the  impossibility 
of  the  enterprise,  and  gave  life  and  success  to  the  work." 

Notwithstanding  the  activity  of  the  citizens  of  Richmond, 
who,  of  course,  hoped  that  their  fair  city  would  be  chosen  as  the 
site  of  the  University,  the  Alumni  Association  and  contributors 
to  the  endowment  fund  voted,  May  13,  1873,  to  locate  the  insti- 
tution at  Anchorage.  Shortly  after  this  a  temporary  organiza- 
tion for  the  school  was  made  in  Louisville;  but  a  little  later  An- 
chorage was  abandoned  and  other  bids  for  the  University  were 
considered.  Bardstown  and  Paris  Avere  contestants,  and  even 
Danville  was  mentioned.  Richmond,  however,  Avas  the  strongest 
bidder,  and  when  a  permanent  organization  Avas  made  at  thai 
place  laic  in  1873,  it  Avas  chosen  as  the  location  for  the  Univer- 
sity. Then  and  there  it  might  be  said,  the  subsequent  location 
of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  Avas  largely 
determined. 

At   the  lime  the  Association  selected  Richmond  as  the  loca- 
tion for  the  University,  it  elected  the  Boards  of  Curators  and 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  237 

Trustees,  and  instructed  them  to  open  the  institution  for  instruc- 
tion in  September,  1874.  The  task  which  these  boards  had  to 
perform  on  such  short  notice  was  a  difficult  one  indeed,  since 
a  severe  financial  panic  had  broken  over  the  Nation  in  1873. 
But  the  seemingly  impossible  task  was  performed,  and  Septem- 
ber 22,  1874,  found  the  University  ready  to  begin,  with  a  hand- 
some four  story  building,  a  student  body  and  a  faculty  and 
other  necessities  for  college  and  secondary  education.  The  first 
exercise  was  the  dedication  of  the  new  building  and  the  in- 
augural addresses  of  the  chancellor  and  the  president.  The 
program  was  held  in  the  chapel  provided  for  such  occasions. 
""Wind  and  weather  were  favorable,"  according  to  the  Rich- 
mond Kentucky  Register,  "the  day  was  bright  and  beautiful, 
and  a  more  auspicious  beginning  could  not  have  been  asked." 

The  opening  address  was  delivered  by  Chancellor  Robert  L. 
Breck,  who  sketched  higher  educational  movements  in  Kentucky 
from  Daniel  Boone  until  his  own  time,  when  the  occasion  seemed 
to  warrant  the  establishment  of  another  higher  institution  of 
learning.  His  closing  words  rang  out  as  follows:  "AVe  stand 
today  in  triangular  position  towards  the  two  institutions  [Centre 
College  and  Transylvania  University]  we  have  reared  in  the 
past,  in  which  we  have  left  our  labors  and  our  means  .  .  .  AVe 
have  no  quarrel  with  those  institutions;  we  enter  the  great  and 
open  field  in  generous  emulation.  AVe  fling  to  the  breeze  our 
banner  bearing  the  words  we  have  put  on  the  tablet  in  front  of 
this  edifice,  Lex,  Rex — Crux,  Lux.  AVe  have  no  sectarian  or 
partisan  ends  to  accomplish  here.  These  are  our  only  distinctive 
principles :  The  Law  is  our  King,  ike  Cross  is  our  Light — prin- 
ciples brought  with  us  out  of  the  experience  of  the  past,  and 
especially  out  of  the  struggle  from  which  we  have  just  emerged; 
principles  which  are  the  foundation  of  all  civil  and  religious 
liberty.  AVe  ask  a  fair  judgment  of  what  we  have  done  and 
patience  in  the  perfection  of  our  work." 

The  Curators  had  elected  Rev.  J.  AV.  Pratt,  D.  D.,  president 
of  the  faculty  of  the  college  in  Richmond,  who  followed  Chan- 
cellor Breek  with  his  inaugural  address.  Dr.  Pratt  was  not  only 
a  scholar,  but  he  was  also  a  teacher  of  many  years'  experience, 
and  had  held  before  coming  to  Richmond  a  professorship  of 
English  in  the  University  of  Alabama.     His  address  was  a  most 


238  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

scholarly  oration,  which  would  have  done  credit  to  a  savant  of 
any  university  in  America.  After  reviewing  the  whole  field  and 
the  processes  of  higher  education,  he  suggested  a  vision  and  pro- 
gram for  Central  University  worthy  of  the  most  enthusiastic  sup- 
port. His  stirring  appeal  for  funds  was  supported  with  lucid 
illustrations  from  history,  and  his  long  inspiring  peroration  un- 
doubtedly carried  his  audience  to  heights  of  confidence  in  the 
future  of  the  University. 

According  to  the  Keniuclnj  Bcgister  of  Richmond  for  Sep- 
tember  25,  1874,  "At  the  close  of  President  Pratt's  address  the 
audience  was  dismissed,  to  be  reassembled  in  the  evening  at  7 
o'clock."  At  that  time  Hon.  AV.  C.  P.  Breckinridge,  President 
of  the  Alumni  Association,  addressed  the  people,  and  "At  9 
o'clock  the  assembly  was  dismissed,  and  Central  University  wan 
launched  upon  the  great  tide,  freighted  with  the  hopes  of  many 
anxious  hearts." 

The  University 

Xo  catalog  of  Central  University  was  published  in  1S74. 
the  year  of  its  opening.  Instead,  long  narrow  sheets,  or  bills, 
announced  a  College  of  Philosophy,  Letters,  and  Science,  a  Col- 
lege of  Law  and  a  Preparatory  Department,  in  Richmond :  a 
College  of  Medicine,  in  Louisville ;  and  a  few  other  points  of 
interest  about  the  University.  Not  until  1875  was  a  catalog 
published  giving  more  information  about  the  institution. 

The  faculty  of  the  liberal  arts  college  and  its  preparatory 
department  consisted  of  eleven  men,  including  the  chancellor, 
who  also  taught.  Two  of  the  number  were  in  charge  of  the 
preparatory  work,  but  they  were  surely  assisted  by  regular  mem- 
bers  of  the  college  staff,  since  there  were  eighty-one  students  in 
the  academy  and  only  thirty-six  in  the  college.  Only  four 
students  registered  in  the  College  of  Law  and  K>:>  in  the  College 
of  Medicine,  making  a  total  of  224  in  attendance  the  firsi  year. 

The  members  of  the  faculty  were  well  prepared,  for  that 
time  ;il  least.  The  chancellor  and  president  had  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity;  six  others  had  the  Mas- 
ter's degree;  and  the  remaining  three  held  the  Bachelor's  degree. 
In  later  years  the  academic  training  of  the  faculty  was  much 
higher.      In    the    middle    nineties,    for    example,    there    were    live 

teachers  who  had  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  239 

According  to  Chancellor  Breck,  Thomas  William  Tobin,  of 
the  chair  of  physics,  "shed  greater  luster  upon  the  University" 
than  any  other  instructor.  He  was  an  Englishman  and  "a 
Queen's  Medalist  in  the  British  Government's  School  of  Mines 
and  Art."  This  gifted  young  man  came  to  Richmond  in  1877 
and  remained  three  years,  during  which  he  exhibited  extraordi- 
nary ability  as  a  teacher,  as  a  speaker,  and  even  as  an  inventor 
in  the  field  of  physics.  The  catalog  for  1877-78  gives  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  "sine  pendulum"  which  Tobin  had  invented.  The 
four  pages  devoted  to  this  scientific  apparatus  were  taken  from 
the  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  of  Philadelphia. 

On  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Pratt  in  1879,  Rev.  J.  V.  Logan, 
1).  D.,  the  synod's  Professor  of  Ethics  and  Biblical  Literature 
of  the  University,  was  chosen  president  of  the  College  of  Philos- 
ophy, Science  and  Letters.  Dr.  Logan  remained  in  that  posi- 
tion until  the  end  of  the  institution  in  Richmond.  He  and  Rev. 
L.  G.  Barbour,  M.  A.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy, 
served  the  University  throughout  its  existence.  Other  teachers 
who  served  the  University  for  long  periods  were  J.  T.  Akers, 
Ph.  D.,  who  was  Professor  of  Languages  from  1884  to  1901; 
and  W.  M.  Wilson,  M.  A.,  Professor  of  Greek  Language  and 
Literature,  who  came  in  1874  and  remained  until  1892.  The 
student  body  was  always  small,  and,  since  the  teachers  usually 
remained  a  long  time,  there  existed  a  wholesome  relationship 
between  student  and  teacher  that  was  productive  of  the  best 
results. 

Only  the  salaries  of  the  teachers  in  Richmond  will  be  con- 
sidered. To  be  sure,  they  were  never  large.  The  meager  income 
of  the  school  kept  them  small.  Even  at  their  highest,  which 
was  in  the  nineties,  they  ranged  from  about  $700  to  $1,200  a 
year,  paid  quarterly.  The  most  the  chancellor  ever  received  was 
$1,600.  During  the  last  two  or  three  years  of  the  school's  exist- 
ence, when  funds  were  becoming  less  adequate,  the  teachers' 
salaries,  with  perhaps  one  exception,  were  reduced.  AVhen  the 
amounts  which  were  irregularly  paid  the  chancellor  for  the  last 
three  years  are  averaged,  it  appears  that  he  received  about  $1,400 
a  year  during  that  time.  The  free  use  of  the  four  two  story  brick 
residences,  built  on  the  campus  in  1874,  must  not  be  forgotten: 
but   not   every  teacher  enjoyed  that   privilege.     The   residence 


240  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

built  for  the  chancellor  in  the  early  eighties  is  new  a  rather 
spacious  home  for  the  president  of  the  Teachers  College. 

The  equipment  of  the  University  was  only  fair.  It  could 
not  have  been  entirely  satisfactory  with  the  limited  funds  avail- 
able. Yet  it  compared  favorably  with  that  of  many  of  its  con- 
temporaries. The  main  building,  now  called  University  Hall, 
was  a  four  story  structure  containing  the  chapel,  library,  labora- 
tories, and  classrooms.  It  was  built  in  1871  at  a  cost  of  about 
$30,000,  and  is  even  now  one  of  the  most  handsome  buildings  on 
Eastern's  campus.  At  present  it  houses  the  Junior  and  Senior 
High  Schools  of  the  Teachers  College.  The  dormitory,  prepara- 
tory school,  and  gymnasium,  built  in  1883,  1890,  and  1899,  re- 
spectively, will  be  mentioned  later. 

There  were  only  about  1,000  books  in  the  library,  in  the 
beginning,  and  they  had  been  donated.  This  number  increased 
rather  slowly  through  other  donations,  the  largest  of  which  was 
the  library  of  Rev.  R.  W.  Landis,  of  Danville,  Kentucky.  This 
gift,  in  1881,  of  nearly  3,000  volumes,  though  mostly  on  theology, 
was  greatly  appreciated,  as  was  indicated  in  the  catalogs  for 
many  years  thereafter.  The  librarian  was  a  regular  member  of 
the  faculty. 

The  first  catalogs  were  non-committal  on  the  subject  of 
admission  to  the  College  of  Philosophy,  Letters  and  Science. 
By  the  eighties,  however,  rather  specific  conditions  were  an- 
nounced, winch  included  a  certificate  of  good  moral  character 
and  of  honorable  dismissal  where  the  student  came  from  another 
institution.  In  addition  to  this  the  applicant  was  obliged  to 
stand  an  examination  in  courses  previously  pursued.  In  1890 
the  catalog  announced  admission  without  examination  where  the 
student  was  a  graduate  of  a  recognized  high  school.  This  cata- 
log listed  seven  public  high  schools  and  seven  private  academies 
in  the  State  wdiose  graduates  were  admitted  without  exami- 
nation. Apparently  this  list  of  accredited  preparatory  schools 
increased  very  slowly. 

In  this  connection  it  might  be  noted  that  college  students 
were  required  to  take  two  general  written  examinations  every 
year,  one  a.1  the  close  of  each  semester.  The  final  grade  was 
"determined  from  the  record  of  recitations  and  the  marks  of 
examinal  ion  papers. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


241 


The  curriculum  of  the  college  was  rather  limited.  Latin, 
Greek,  mathematics,  logic,  physics,  English,  rhetoric,  French, 
ethics,  phychology,  chemistry,  German,  evidences  of  Christian- 
ity, mineralogy,  and  astronomy  are  listed  in  the  first  catalog. 
Not  until  1886  were  electives  offered  and  then  only  in  the  last 
two  years.  The  catalogs  thereafter  mention  courses  in  history, 
political  science,  commercial  science,  and,  beginning  in  1892, 
military  science.  The  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  and  of  Science 
were  conferred  at  the  outset,  and  in  1921  an  arrangement  was 


THE   PRESIDENT'S   HOAIE 


made  to  confer  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters  when  English 
and  history  were  substituted  for  Greek  and  part  of  the  mathe- 
matics and  science.  On  the  satisfactory  completion  of  an  addi- 
tional year's  work  and  an  acceptable  thesis  in  any  one  of  those 
three  departments,  the  candidate  received  the  Master's  degree, 
providing  he  had  at  least  an  average  of  eighty-five  in  his  studies 
for  the  Bachelor's  degree.  The  customary  honorary  degrees 
were  also  conferred. 

Honors  and  prizes  were  awarded  for  merit  in  scholarship. 
The  policy  of  awarding  medals  was  applied  in  every  division  of 
the  University  throughout  its  history.     The  honor  students  were 


242  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

classed  in  two  divisions:  those  who  received  grades  of  95-100 
and  those  who  received  grades  of  90-95  in  their  studies.  A 
student  was  mentioned  in  the  ''Honor  Boll"  even  though  he 
received  a  high  grade  in  only  one  subject.  Those  students  who 
averaged  ninety  or  more  and  those  who  averaged  ninety-five  or 
more,  respectively,  had  magna  cum  laude  and  swnma  cum  laude 
inscribed  on  their  diplomas. 

The  College  of  Law  had  a  president,  as  did  the  other  col- 
leges, and  at  least  one  other  instructor.  The  enrollment  was  so 
small  that  it  was  discontinued  in  1880,  there  being  only  one 
student  enrolled  the  previous  year.  It  was  opened  again  in 
October,  1897,  and  continued  until  the  end  of  the  University  in 
Richmond  ;  but  its  enrollment  never  exceeded  eight  students  at 
any  time.  The  teachers  were  practicing  attorneys  of  Richmond. 
The  plan  to  establish  a  theological  seminary  in  Richmond  did 
not  materialize ;  instead  the  officers  and  friends  of  the  University 
assisted  in  the  establishment  of  the  Louisville  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  1893. 

Since  a  teachers'  college  superseded  the  University  in 
Richmond,  some  mention  should  be  made  of  the  efforts  of 
Central  University  to  prepare  teachers  for  the  public  schools. 
The  first  effort  of  this  sort  appears  to  have  been  made  in  1890 
when  a  course  for  teachers  was  announced  as  "beginning  each 
year  [on]  March  1st,  and  continuing  ten  weeks.''  Three  years 
later  a  special  four  weeks'  summer  course  was  offered.  In  1896 
the  University  again  expressed  its  desire  to  draw  closer  to  the 
great  body  of  public  school  teachers  in  order,  as  it  announced, 
to  "make  common  cause  with  them  in  developing  and  perfecting 
our  Public  School  System."  "To  give  evidence  of  its  desire  to 
extend  its  usefulness  among"  teachers  it  offered  courses  running 
"from  March  1st  to  May  1st,"  and  intended  "primarily  for  the 
teachers  of  the  country  schools  ..."  Other  arrangements  were 
also  announced  as  being  made  to  prepare  teachers  for  high  school 
positions.  Thus  it  is  seen  thai  the  first  work  in  training  public 
school   teachers  in    Richmond   was  done  by   Central    University. 

Il  is  important  to  note  that  the  University  became  C0-educa- 
tional  in  the  nineties.  Al  first  the  movement  was  experimental 
and   only  young  women    1'ioni    Madison   County  were  admitted. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  243 

The  plan  was  regarded  so  favorably  that  the  institution  was 
made  entirely  co-educational  in  March,  1898. 

The  first  graduating  class  was  in  1876  when  four  students 
were  awarded  degrees  by  the  College  of  Philosophy,  Letters  and 
Science.2  Two  of  these  graduated  from  the  University's  College 
of  Law  the  next  year.  The  graduating  classes  were  never  very 
large.  The  average  was  slightly  more  than  twelve,  since  the 
total  for  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  was  302,  according  to  the 
available  records.  This  number  does  not  include  those  receiving 
the  Master's  degree,  of  whom  there  were  from  one  to  two  (at 
one  time  three)  nearly  every  year  beginning  in  1884.  Some- 
time in  the  eighties  diplomas  began  to  be  awarded  those  students 
who  had  completed  the  work  in  any  of  the  departments  of  the 
college  but  did  not  have  enough  credits  for  a  degree. 

Space  permits  only  a  brief  statement  of  the  medical  schools 
in  Louisville.  The  College  of  Medicine  was  established  in  1874 
and  the  College  of  Dentistry  in  1886.  It  appears  that  these  col- 
leges always  maintained  a  high  standard  of  instruction  and 
equipment,  which  might  be  expected  since  their  staffs  comprised 
as  good  physicians,  surgeons  and  dentists  as  Louisville  afforded. 
Students  attended  from  all  over  the  United  States  and  even 
abroad.  It  appears  also  that  there  was  not  the  difficulty  in 
financing  the  Louisville  schools  that  was  experienced  in  main- 
taining those  in  Richmond.  This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
receipts  from  tuition  were  greater  in  Louisville  and  also  to  the 
additional  fact  that  the  instructors  in  Louisville  were  practicing 
their  respective  professions,  as  is  so  often  true  with  teachers  in 
medical  schools. 

Over  ail  these  units  of  Central  L  niversity — colleges  of  art, 
law,  medicine,  and  dentistry,  and  the  four  preparatory  schools — 
there  was  one  coordinating  administrative  body,  viz.,  the  Boards 
of  Curators  and  Trustees  (after  1884  Curators  only),  whose 
chancellor  was  the  chief  executive  of  the  whole  system.  Each 
college  had  its  own  president  and  each  preparatory  school  its 
own  principal,  whose  duties,  of  course,  were  those  common  to  the 
office  of  president  or  principal  in  such  an  educational  system. 
There  were  also  in  the  background  the  Alumni  Association  of 


2  It  appears  that  French  Tipton,  who  later  edited  a  newspaper  in  Rich- 
mond until  his  death  in  1901,  received  a  diploma  from  the  College  of  Law 
in  1875. 


244  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Central  University  and  (after  1884)  the  synod  of  the  Presby- 
terian Clrurch  South,  which  were  the  primary  sources  of  admin- 
istration in  the  University.  The  duties  of  the  chancellor  took 
him  occasionally  to  each  of  these  institutions,  whose  condition  he 
reported  to  his  superiors. 

Student  Life  axd  Activities 

The  students  of  Central  University  enjoyed  privileges  com- 
mon to  college  life  at  that  time.  The  administration  always 
manifested  concern  for  their  spiritual  and  moral  welfare.  They 
were  "required  to  attend  daily  morning  prayers  in  the  chapel, 
and  public  divine  service  in  some  of  the  churches,  at  least  once 
on  each  Sabbath."  When  parents  did  not  indicate  what  church 
they  desired  their  sons  to  attend  the  faculty  determined  the 
choice.  An  early  catalog  states  that  the  chancellor  was  expected 
to  "give  special  attention  to  the  religious  wants  of  the  students, 
preaching  to  them,  and  otherwise  laboring  for  their  good  ..." 

A  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  was  organized  during 
the  year  1880-81.  It  had  "regular  weekly  devotional  meetings," 
and  soon  maintained  a  "reading  room  supplied  with  a  good 
selection  of  periodic  literature."  Its  Student's  Hand  Boole 
appears  among  the  list  of  college  publications. 

Two  literary  societies  were  organized  the  first  year;  they 
were  known  as  the  EpipJujllidian  and  the  Walters.  The  latter 
soon  took  the  classical  name  of  Philalethean.  A  wholesome 
rivalry  existed  between  them,  which  was  keenest  when  inter- 
society  contests  occurred.  Medals  were  awarded  and  the  win- 
ners represented  the  University  in  State  contests.  The  organ- 
izations enjoyed  the  use  of  well  furnished  halls. 

In  1892  the  societies  formed  an  Inter-Society,  with  a  con- 
stitution to  govern  their  relations,  especially  in  Literary  contests 
and  in  the  management  of  student  publications.  The  training 
received  in  these  activities  was  very  practical.  The  constitutions 
and  by-laws  of  the  three  organizations  were  well  prepared  and 
comprehensive  in  their  scope.  The  hues  for  non-performance 
of  duty  were  rather  severe.  A  member,  for  example,  who  failed 
to  subscribe  in  due  time  for  one  of  the  student  publications  was 
obliged    to   pay   double    the   subscription    price:    and    a    business 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  245 

manager  of  this  publication  who  failed  to  publish  the  name  of  an 
expelled  member  of  a  society  was  fined  three  dollars  for  every 
omission . 

In  1883  the  students  began  the  publication  of  a  monthly 
magazine  called  the  Atlantis.  It  was  to  cooperate  in  the  man- 
agement of  this  student  enterprise  that  the  literary  societies 
formed  the  Inter-Society.  The  Atlantis  contained  such  student 
and  faculty  contributions  as  merited  publication.  On  the  whole, 
it  was  a  very  creditable  magazine. 

On  February  13,  1897,  appeared  the  first  issue  of  the  Central 
News,  a  college  weekly  newspaper,  usually  of  four,  sometimes 
more,  pages.  It  resembled  very  closely  the  Eastern  Progress 
now  published  on  the  same  campus.  Apparently  when  the 
Central  News  began,  the  Atlantis  became  more  nearly  what  it 
was  originally  intended  to  be — "a  magazine  of  college  litera- 
ture1'. The  students  printed  the  Central  News  on  their  own 
press,  which  they  operated  on  the  campus. 

By  1895  the  senior  class  of  the  University  was  publishing  a 
year-book,  or  annual,  called  the  Cream  and  Crimson.  It  im- 
proved from  year  to  year  in  form  and  content,  the  last  volumes 
being  especially  creditable. 

There  was  the  usual  interest  in  athletics.  It  was  not  until 
the  school  year  1889-90,  however,  that  anything  like  a  gym- 
nasium was  provided.  This  was  a  small  two  story  brick  build- 
ing the  upper  story  of  which  was  fitted  up  as  a  gymnasium.  The 
lower  floor  was  used  by  the  Preparatory  Department.  As  might 
be  supposed,  this  equipment  for  physical  training  was  inade- 
cpiate.  In  1899  another  building,  purposely  planned  "for  the 
pleasure  and  health  of  the  students,"  was  constructed.  It  was 
called  the  Miller  Gymnasium  in  honor  of  its  chief  donor,  Mrs. 
Sarah  A.  Miller,  of  Richmond.  The  other  building  was  used 
thereafter  by  the  Preparatory  Department  and  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association.     This  gymnasium  burned  in  1920. 

The  University  employed  a  director  of  physical  training, 
and  apparently  won  her  share  of  the  games  with  other  .schools. 
Her  greatest  rival,  as  might  be  guessed,  was  Centre  College  ati 
Danville.  When  a  "C.  U."  team  played  Centre  College  the 
interest  was  intense;  and  when  "C.  U."  won    her  team  was 


246  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"toasted  and  feasted"  in  great  fashion.  Such  was  the  case  in 
1893  when  Central  University  defeated  Centre  College  for  the 
state  championship  in  football  by  a  score  of  20  to  18.  This  game 
was  on  a  neutral  field  in  Lexington,  and  was  described  by  the 
Louisville  Courier  Journal  as  "the  greatest  football  game  which 
ever  took  place  in  Kentucky  in  point  of  interest  if  not  in  sport 
.  .  ."  The  "Cream  and  Crimson"  of  Richmond  had  given  the 
"Orange  and  White"  of  Danville  their  first  defeat  in  three 
years. 

The  interest  in  physical  training  was  augmented  by  mili- 
tary training,  which  was  introduced  in  1892.  The  work  was 
directed  by  a  regular  army  officer  detailed  by  the  United  States 
War  Department.  In  time  there  were  two  companies  of  infantry 
and  one  of  artillery  on  the  campus  at  Richmond.  They  were 
officered  by  juniors  and  seniors  wh,o  had  qualified  while  they 
were  underclassmen.  The  uniforms,  arms,  and  cannon  added 
much  color  to  campus  life.  The  visiting  committee  of  the  synod 
reported  in  October,  1895,  that  "It  was  gratifying  to  note  a 
decided  drift  of  sentiment  away  from  inter-collegiate  ball  con- 
tests toward  military  drill  ..."  The  Central  University  bat- 
talion made  an  "excellent  showing  ...  in  the  reproduction  of 
the  battle  of  Perryville,  which  took  place  in  Louisville,"  in  the 
autumn  of  1900. 

During  the  early  eighties  social  fraternities  appeared. 
Chapters  of  Zeta  Sigma  Nu,  Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon,  Phi  Delta 
Theta,  and  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  were  organized.  Some  other 
student  organizations  were  the  Mandolin  Club,  the  Athletic  As- 
sociation, the  Bicycle  Club,  the  Ananias  Club,  the  Cotillion 
Club,  the  Epicurean  Club,  the  Lawn  Tennis  Association,  and 
the  Students'  Club. 

Until  1883  students  were  obliged  to  depend  entirely  upon 
the  good  will  of  the  citizens  of  Richmond  for  lodging  and  meals. 
Members  of  the  faculty,  of  course,  often  shared  their  homes  with 
students.  In  L882  the  synod,  realizing  the  need  of  more  satis- 
factory accommodations,  authorized  the  chancellor  "to  raise 
$15,000  to  erect  a  dormitory  on  the  grounds  of  the  University 
.  .  ."  By  (he  opening  of  school  the  next  year  a  modern  student 
home      l'oi-  that   time  at   least — costing,  with  furnishings,  about 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  247 

$20,000,  was  ready  for  use.  The  dormitory  was  named  Memorial 
Hall  in  commemoration  of  the  hundred  years  of  service  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  State. 

Space  forbids  any  lengthy  account  of  "college  life''  at  Cen- 
tral. Suffice  it  to  say  there  were  the  usual  variations  in  interest 
and  excitement  so  often  concomitant  with,  regular  student  activ- 
ities. With  literary  society  and  class  rivalries,  with  spirit 
engendered  by  athletic  contests,  with  friction  occasioned  by  con- 
flicts between  "town  and  gown,"  and  with  the  natural  exuber- 
ance of  youth,  the  atmosphere  of  Richmond  was  often  saturated 
with  such  evidences  of  "college  life"  as  were  common  to  the  last 
quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century.  AVhen  it  is  related  that  the 
colors  of  the  sophomores  were  torn  from  the  flagstaff  on  Uni- 
versity Hall  one  morning  in  March,  1900,  by  the  three  other 
classes,  in  spite  of  stubborn  resistance,  and  that  the  colors  of  the 
seniors  were  torn  from  the  same  high  point  on  the  following 
morning  by  freshmen  and  juniors,  after  they  had  overcome  the 
valiant  sophomores  and  seniors,  one  wonders  in  what  condition 
the  building  must  have  been  left,  and  whether  the  University 
did  not  need  a  hospital  corps  with  its  military  unit.  And  again 
Avhen  it  is  related  that,  after  such  a  victory  as  that  in  football 
over  Centre  College  in  1893,  the  students  simply  "took  the  city 
of  Richmond" — the  citizens  apparently  very  willing — and  gave 
such  a  demonstration  that  college  halls  and  town  shops  and 
stores  reverberated  for  days  with  triumphant  shouts  over  the 
"Battle  of  Lexington,"  one  appreciates  something  of  the  spirit 
at  Central  University  which  was  so  often  vociferously  expressed 
in  the  full  virility  of  young  manhood. 

The  University  High  Schools 

The  charter  of  the  University  provided  for  six  preparatory- 
schools.  Only  four,  however,  were  ever  established.  The  first 
began  its  existence  on  the  campus  at  Richmond  in  1871.  Its 
students  shared  in  the  privileges  of  the  University.  Four  years 
of  study  were  offered,  including  courses  in  English,  Latin,  Greek, 
and  mathematics.  In  time  the  curriculum  was  enlarged  to  in- 
clude history  and  bookkeeping. 

In  1890  another  high  school,  known  as  Jackson  Collegiate 


248  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Institute,  was  established  at  Jackson  in  Breathitt  County.  This 
school  served  a  much  felt  need  in  that  part  of  the  State  and  soon 
became  an  institution  of  considerable  consequence.  Besides  the 
regular  preparatory  subjects  it  offered  both  primary  and  inter- 
mediate grade  work.  One  of  the  most  valuable  features  was  the 
"Normal  Course"  for  the  training  of  teachers.  Nine  students 
are  reported  in  1892  as  having  finished  the  normal  course,  and 
twenty  in  1898.  In  1897  the  Jackson  sch.ool  Avas  given  the  name 
of  "The  S.  P.  Lees  Collegiate  Institute,''  in  honor  of  Mrs.  S.  P. 
Lees  of  New  York  City,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  had  been 
donating  generously  to  the  support  of  the  institution. 

A  third  high  school,  known  a,s  Hardin  Collegiate  Institute, 
was  established  at  Elizabethtown  in  1892.  It  resembled  the  one 
at  Jackson  but  it  never  became  so  prominent.  A  "Teacher's 
Normal  Course,"  was  offered  and  the  Institute  was  not  long  in 
obtaining  a  suitable  building  for  its  work.  In  1896  the  Board 
of  Curators  established  a  fourth  preparatory  school  at  Middles- 
boro.  This  institution,  known  as  the  Middlesboro  University 
High  School,  occupied  a  handsome  building  of  some  forty 
rooms,  which  the  citizens  of  the  town  gave  the  University. 

The  striking  feature  of  all  these  preparatory  schools  was  the 
training  in  military  science,  as  the  work  was  often  called.  It 
appears  that  the  Federal  Government  furnished  the  guns,  belts, 
etc.,  and  the  citizens  sometimes  furnished  the  uniforms.  Cen- 
tral University  evidently  believed  in  military  training. 

Union  with  Centre  College 
There  were  speculations  at  the  outset  that  Central  Uni- 
versity  would  not  exist  very  long.  Chancellor  Breck  wrote  a 
short  wh,ile  after  his  resignation  that  "much  angry  dissension 
was  stirred  up  by  competitive  struggles  for  the  location,  which 
afterwards  made  difficult  the  work  of  those  to  whom  the  organi- 
zation was  committed,  and  embarrassed  the  University  through- 
out the  earlier  years."  The  panic  of  187o  and  the  financial 
depression  of  the  ensuing  years  were  also  obstacles  in  the  way 
of  a  new  enterprise  supported  voluntarily.  As  might  he  ex- 
pected, the  courts  were  resorted  to  in  the  collection  of  some  sub- 
scriptions. Undoubtedly  the  lean  years  following  the  panic  of 
1873  reduced   payments. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  249 

Chancellor  Breck,  being  in  poor  health  and  believing  that 
some  one  else  could  direct  the  administration  better,  resigned  in 
1880.  By  that  time  the  institution  was  in  a  very  precarious 
condition.  Attendance  had  declined  every  year  since  the  open- 
ing, and  there  was  on  hand  "not  a  dollar  of  invested  funds" 
and  only  a  small  amount  of  unpaid  notes  and  subscriptions.  In 
Richmond  were  one  large  college  building  and  four  residences 
for  teachers,  all  of  which  the  University  had  acquired  at  the 
beginning.  In  Louisville  was  a  fair  equipment  for  a  medical 
college. 

The  Rev.  L.  H.  Blanton,  Pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Paris,  Kentucky,  succeeded  Dr.  Breck.  It  requires  little 
effort  to  appreciate  the  great  task  which  confronted  Dr.  Blanton 
when  he  came  to  Richmond  in  1880.  For  twenty-three  years  he 
had  been  a  minister,  the  most  of  that  time  in  Paris,  where  he 
owned  his  home  and  received  a  salary  in  excess  of  what  he 
received  part  of  the  time  as  chancellor  of  the  University.  It 
must  be  said  that  whatever  growth  and  achievement  the  Uni- 
versity enjoyed  during  tire  remainder  of  its  existence  were  due 
in  large  measure  to  his  energy  and  ability.3 

Chancellor  Blanton  began  at  once  to  devise  means  of  creat- 
ing a  substantial  endowment.  With  the  support  of  the  synod, 
he  had  subscriptions  totaling  $50,000  by  1882,  when  he  sus- 
pended further  efforts,  as  he  said,  on  account  of  "the  severe 
drought  and  consequent  failure  of  crops"  of  that  year.  It  was 
not  long,  however,  until  he  began  solicitations  again  but  with 
only  fair  results. 

The  new  administration  experienced  an  increase  in  attend- 
ance. In  two  years  the  enrollment  doubled,  with  163  of  these 
students  at  Richmond.  The  faculty  was  also  enlarged,  and 
apparently  the  University  was  growing  in  public  favor.  But 
the  necessary  endowment  remained  unachieved.  Mr.  S.  P. 
Walters  had  offered  $25,000  to  endow  a  chair  in  mathematics  on 
condition  that  $50,000  additional  be  subscribed.  This  worthy 
citizen  of  Richmond  had  been  a  generous  supporter  of  the  Uni- 
versity from  the  start  and  remained  so  until  his  death  in  1885. 
Notwithstanding  the  encouragement  occasioned  by  the  Walters' 


3  Dr.    Blanton   served   as   chaplain   in    the   Confederate   army   under    Gen. 
John  C.  Breckinridge  and  Gen.  Simon  Bolivar  Buckner. 


250  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

offer,  the  campaign  moved  slowly  and  only  some  $30,000  was 
subscribed,  and  this  sum,  apparently,  was  in  the  form  of  one- 
thousand-dollar  scholarships. 

While  this  campaign  to  increase  the  endowment  was  going 
on,  a  closer  contact  between  the  synod  and  the  University  was 
consummated.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  institution  was 
the  creature  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Central  University 
and  the  synod  of  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Church  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  also  that  the  charter  allowed  the  synod  only  the 
privilege  of  choosing  a  teacher  of  morals  and  ethics  and  of  estab- 
lishing a  school  of  theology  in  the  University.  Chancellor  Blan- 
ton  very  early  manifested  a  desire  to  bring  about  a  closer  rela- 
tionship between  the  University  and  the  synod,  which,  he  be- 
lieved, would  contribute  more  to  the  prosperity  of  the  institution 
than  existing  conditions.  At  his  suggestion,  therefore,  the 
synod  adopted  the  policy  in  1882  of  appointing  a  committee  to 
visit  the  University  annually  and  report  its  condition  to  the 
synod.  The  catalog  for  each  year  thereafter  published  the 
report  for  that  year. 

This  synodical  contact  undoubtedly  proved  beneficial  to  the 
University,  but  it  was  merely  the  first  step  in  the  direction  of  a 
still  closer  relationship  between  the  University  and  the  synod. 
It  will  also  be  recalled  that  to  the  Alumni  Association  was  re- 
served the  privilege  of  choosing  the  Boards  of  Curators  and 
Trustees  of  the  institution,  thereby  making  the  University  only 
nominally  denominational.  This  was  to  avoid  the  church  con- 
trol, which  existed  in  the  administrative  structure  of  Centre 
College,  and  which  the  southern  Presbyterians  believed  was 
responsible  for  their  loss  of  that  institution.  But  so  great  was 
the  need  of  money  in  the  early  eighties  th.at  a  desire  arose  to 
allow  the  synod  the  privilege  of  electing  a  hoard  to  administer 
the  affairs  of  the  University.  It  was  argued  that,  with  the 
synod  in  control  of  the  electorate,  more  funds  could  be  obtained 
for  I  lie  insl  il  u(  ion. 

It  is  significant  to  note  that  between  1880  and  1884  a  gesture 
w;is  made  to  bring  about  a  union  between  the  University  and 
Centre  College.  Apparently,  a  few  people  had  come  to  believe 
that  "a  consolidation  with  Centre  was  approaching  and  that  it 
would  he  an  advantage  il'  both  schools  were  on  a  similar  basis.*' 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  251 

The  synodical  visitations  provided  in  1882  might  be  regarded, 
though  perhaps  not  intended  to  be  such,  as  an  initial  step  in  that 
direction.  At  any  rate,  an  agreement  was  made  in  1881  between 
the  University  and  the  synod  whereby  the  charter  was  amended 
to  provide  for  the  synod's  election  of  a  board  of  fifteen  curators 
to  take  the  place  of  the  other  two  boards.  The  synod,  however, 
was  obliged  to  choose  two-thirds  of  the  curators  from  the  mem- 
bership of  the  Alumni  Association.  But  no  longer  was  the  Uni- 
versity "nominally  denominational";  thereafter  the  influence 
of  the  synod  in  the  affairs  of  the  University  was  considerable. 

There  now  existed  a  relationship  between  Central  Univer- 
sity and  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Synod  of  Kentucky  similar 
to  that  established  in  1821  between  Centre  College  and  the 
Presbyterian  Synod  of  the  State.  The  Southern  Presbyterians 
had  regarded  such  relations  as  contributing  to  their  predicament 
during  their  controversies  with  the  Northern  Presbyterians  of 
the  State,  and  had  refused  to  allow  synodical  control  of  the  Uni- 
versity at  the  time  of  its  organization.  But  now  that  policy  was 
practically  abandoned,  and  henceforth  the  southern  synod  was 
a  potent  factor  in  determining  the  destiny  of  Central  University, 
as  the  older  synod  had  influenced  Centre  College. 

Following  the  reorganization  of  the  forces  supporting  the 
University,  there  was  a  period  of  prosperty,  which,  promised,  for 
a  time  at  least,  to  insure  the  institution  an  indefinite  existence. 
But  the  panic  of  1893  cut  short  this  prosperity.  Subscribers  to 
the  endowment  defaulted  in  their  payments,  and  losses  to  the 
school  aggregated  $50,000 

The  University  felt  this  blow  keenly ;  but  there  were  other 
conditions  even  more  discouraging.  By  the  late  nineties  com- 
petition from  the  other  Blue  Grass  colleges  began  to  tell  on  the 
Richmond  school,  which  was  the  youngest  institution  of  all. 
Furthermore,  with  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  century,  the  vision 
of  the  magnitude  of  the  task  of  higher  institutions  of  learning 
impressed  the  leaders  in  the  college  field  with  the  necessity  of  an 
ever  increasing  demand  for  funds.  As  one  might  expect,  there- 
fore, Presbyterians  in  Kentucky  came  to  appreciate  the  urgent 
need  of  uniting  their  resources  in  the  support  of  one  higher  insti- 
tution of  learning.  But  which  should  it  be,  Central  University 
or  Centre  College!     Notwithstanding  Central's  worthy  achieve- 


252  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

ments,  Centre's  longer  history  and  numerous  and  illustrious 
alumni  caused  her  to  be  regarded  by  many  as  the  school  which 
should  survive.  This  meant,  of  course,  that  Danville  would  gain 
and  Richmond  lose  in  the  union.  The  citizens  of  Richmond 
could  not  know  then  that  this  loss  would  make  possible  their 
gain  of  a  state  teachers'  college  in  1906,  which  would  surpass 
anything  that  Central  University  was  ever  likely  to  become. 

The  one  great  factor,  however,  in  bringing  many  friends  of 
Central  University  to  the  point  where  they  approved  con- 
solidation was  the  difficulty  of  financing  the  central  school  in 
Richmond.  The  others  apparently  could  get  along  with  local 
support,  and  where  deficits  occurred,  as  in  the  case  of  the  school 
at  Jackson,  there  were  friends  who  always  came  to  the  relief. 
The  tuition  of  the  Louisville  colleges  helped  them  to  be  self-sus- 
taining; but  it  was  not  so  at  Richmond,  where  the  enrollment 
fell  off  every  year  after  1893. 

The  total  amount  for  all  purposes — buildings,  grounds,  etc. 
— subscribed  to  the  University  during  its  existence  was  well 
under  $500,000,  but  much  of  it  apparently  was  never  paid.  The 
accounts  show  charges  of  subscriptions  with  no  credits  of  pay- 
ments on  the  principals.  The  rate  of  interest  paid  on  sub- 
scription notes  was  sometimes  as  low  as  th.ree  per  cent.  From 
June,  1895,  to  July,  1901,  there  was  only  $104,076  cash  received 
from  every  source,  and  the  closed  account  for  this  period  shows 
a.  deficit  of  $85.46.  During  these  last  six  years  the  Richmond 
school  had  been  run  on  about  $17,000  a  year,  and  yet  it  was  the 
main  unit  of  a  University! 

AVhen  the  whole  situation  is  understood,  one  is  not  surprised 
to  find  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  consolidation  of  Central  Uni- 
versity and  Centre  College  crystallizing  into  action.  Confer- 
ences back  in  the  nineties  had  been  held  looking  toward  the 
union  of  the  two  institutions.  At  one  time  representatives  of 
Centre  College  refused  to  accept  a  proposition  to  raise  $70,000 
in  .Madison  County  to  meet  the  expense  and  the  loss  to  Danville 
of  moving  Centre  to  Richmond.  Centre  College  adherents,  most 
naturally,  never  entertained  a  union  of  that  sort.  They  were 
determined  that,  if  consolidation  was  to  be  effected,  Danville 
would  be  the  recipient.     During  the  school  year  of  1900-01  the 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  253 

movement  toward  union  developed  rapidly.  Finally  the  boards 
and  some' friends  of  the  two  institutions  held  a  joint  meeting" 
and  apparently  unanimously  agreed  upon  th,e  terms  of  union. 

The  main  provisions  of  the  agreement  were  that  the  mov- 
able assets  of  Central  University  should  become  the  property  of 
Centre  College,  which  would  assume  the  name  of  The  Central 
University  of  Kentucky.  (The  name  Centre  College  was  restored 
by  the  Legislature  in  1918.)  In  brief,  Central  University  at 
Danville  assumed  all  the  responsibilities  which  had  formerly 
rested  on  both  institutions.  The  act  of  consolidation  further 
provided  that  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  new  university 
should  consist  of  an  even  number  of  persons,  one-half  of  whom 
should  be  elected  by  the  Northern  and  the  other  by  the  Southern 
synod. 

Thus  forty  years  after  the  action  of  the  General  Assembly 
at  Philadelphia,  which  was  the  entering  wedge  that  ultimately 
divided  the  Presbyterians  of  Kentucky  and  which  was  also  the 
beginning  of  a  movement  that  finally  produced  Central  Uni- 
versity, the  spirit  of  unification  had  gained  sufficient  strength 
to  rally  the  cohorts  of  Kentucky  Presbyterianism  to  reunite  their 
resources  in  the  support  of  one  first  class  higher  institution  of 
learning.  The  citizens  of  Richmond  felt,  of  course,  that  they 
suffered  an  irreparable  injury  in  the  union,  but  to  them  were 
left  buildings  and  grounds  which  in  five  short  years  attracted  a 
school  whose  resources,  advantages  and  economic  worth  soon 
became  more  than  a  satisfactory  compensation  for  the  loss  of 
Central  University. 


APPENDIX 


A 

THE  TRAINING  SCHOOL  STAFF— 1906-1936 
By  Richard  A.  Edwards 

Col.  Edgar  Hesketh  Crawford.     January,  1907  to  190S.     Director. 

A.  M.  Baptist  College,  Bardstown,  Ky. 
Ira  Waite  Jayne.     190S-09.     B.  A.     Director. 
E.  George  Payne.     1909-10.     Director. 

Ph.  D.,  University  of  Bonn. 
President  J.  G.  Crabbe.     1910-1916.     Director. 

A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University. 
President  T.  J.  Coates.     1916-1918.     Director. 

A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Southern  Normal  School,  Bowling  Green,  Ky. 
Richard  A.  Edwards.     191S-1936.     Director. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;    A.  M.,   Columbia  University.     On 
leave  1924-25. 

M.  E.  Mattox.     1924-25.     Acting  Director. 

B.  S.,  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 


David  Caldwell  MacBryde.     1907-1911.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  Washington  and  Lee  University. 
Howard  Dwight  Billman.     1911-12.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth  College. 
J.  H.  Hoskinson.     1912-1914.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  A.  M.,  Indiana  University. 
Paul  A.  Greenamyer.     1914-1915.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  Oberlin  College. 
Homer  W.  Dutter.     1915-1917.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  Indiana  University. 
C.  H.  Moore.     1917-1S.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  M.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
G.  L.  McClain.     1920-1922.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
Samuel  AValker.     1930-1935.     Principal  of  High  School. 

A.  B.,  Maryville  College;   A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
J.  Borland  Coates.     1931-1935.     Manual  Arts  and   Science. 

Principal  of  High  School  1935-1936. 

B.  S.,   Eastern   Kentucky    State   Teachers   College;    M.    S.,    George 
Peabody  College. 

Mrs.   Mary   Logan    Sanderson.     1907-1909.     High   School   Assistant   and 
I'ri'crplress.      A.    15. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  257 

C.  R.  Bush.     1909-10.     A.  B.     High   School  Assistant. 
Robert  W.   McCullough.     1910-11.     High   School   Assistant. 

Ph.  B.,  Baldwin  University. 
Sussie  M.  Ames.     1913-1915.     High  School  Assistant. 

A.  B.,  Randolph  Macon  Women's  College. 
Ella  M.  Hanawalt.     1915-1920.     High  School  Assistant. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Michigan. 

Van  Greenleaf.     1918-1920.     High  School  Assistant. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Jesse  Newell.     1920-21.     High  School  Assistant. 

B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Eugenia  Lemon.     1921-22.     High  School  Assistant. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Louisville. 
Cora  K.  Lee.    1925-1936.     English. 

Graduate  of  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  B.  S.,  George 

Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 
Ruby  Rush.     1926-1936.     Latin. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 
Rachel  Acree.     1927-1929.     Household  Arts. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
Elizabeth  Maddux.     1929-30.     Household  Arts. 

B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Mary  L.  Adams.     1930-1936.     Household  Arts. 

B.  S..  University  of  Kentucky;  M.  A.,  Columbia  University. 

Virgil  Burns.     1930-31.     Social  Studies. 

Graduate  of  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal   School;    A.   B.,  LTni- 
versity  of  Kentucky;   A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 

Wilson  K.  Boetticher.     1930-31.     Science. 
Ph.  B.,  University  of  Chicago. 

P.  M.  Grise.     January,  1930-1936.     English. 

A.   B.,  Western  Kentucky   State  Teachers  College;    A.   M.,   George 
Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 

G.  O.  Bryant.     1930-1936.     Mathematics.     Graduate  AVestern  Kentucky 
State  Normal  School;    A.  B.,  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky. 

Eliza  Hanson.     1930-31,  Grade  VI;    1931-1936,   Social   Studies. 

Graduate    Eastern    Kentucky    State    Normal    School;    A.    B.,    Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky;  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College. 


Daisy  Greenwood.     January,  1907-.     Grades  VII-VIII. 
Margaret  T.  Lynch.     1907-1910.     Grades  VII-VIII. 
Jenny  Lind  Green.     1910-1913.     Grades  VII-VIII. 

Graduate  Illinois  State  Normal  University. 
Minnie  Ullrich.     1911-12.     Grades  V-VI;   1913-14,  Grades  VII-VIII. 

Graduate  Milwaukee  State  Normal  School. 

E.  S.  T.  C— 9 


258  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Emma  Hemlepp.     1914-1916.     Grades  VII-VIII. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Nancy  F.  Boudinot.     1916-17.     Grades  VII-VIII. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Marguerite  Hinckley.     1917-1921.     Grades  VII-VIII. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Wisconsin. 
Edith  LeVake.     1922-23.     Grades  VII-VIII. 

Graduate  Platteville  State  Normal  School,  Wisconsin. 
Mary  Frances  McKinney.     1923-1926.     Grades  VII-VIII,  and  IX. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky   State  Normal   School;    B.   S.,   George 

Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 


Wesa  Moore.     1906-07,  Grades  IV-V-VI;    1907-1910,  Grades  V-VI. 
Margaret  Black.     1910-11.     Grades  V-VI. 

Graduate  Western  Illinois  State  Normal. 
Carolyn  B.  Jacobi.     1911-12.     Grades  V-VI. 

Graduate  Oshkosh  State  Normal  School,  AVisconsin. 
Estelle  Heald.     1913-191S.     Grades  V-VI. 

Graduate  State  Normal  College  of  Ohio  University. 
Vernon  Horn.     1918-1920,  Grades  V-VI;    1920-21,  Grades  VII-VIII. 

A.  B.,  Wesleyan  College,  Georgia. 
Florence  Lewis.     1920-1922.     Grades  V-VI. 

Graduate  Sue  Bennett  Memorial  School. 

Mrs.  Gladys  P.  Tyng.  1922-1925,  Grades  V-VI;  1-326-1929,  Grade  VI; 
1920-21,  Grades  III;  1921-22,  Grades  VII-VIII.  On  leave  1925-26. 
Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  B.  S.,  George 
Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 

May  Powell.  1924-25,  Grades  VII-VIII;  1925-26,  Grades  Va-VI;  1926- 
1929,  Grade  V.  1927-28,  on  leave  first  semester;  Grade  IV,  second 
semester.  Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  B.  S., 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 

Rebecca  Thompson.     Second  semester,   1926-27,   IV;    1927-2S,  Grade  V. 

B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Annie  Kate  Lockard.     1929-30.     Grade  V. 

B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Katberine  Conroy.     1929-30.     Grade  VI. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
Anna  A.  Cox.     1930-31.     Grade  V. 

Graduate  South-West,  Missouri,  State  Normal  School;   B.  S.,  M.  A., 

Columbia  University. 
Annie  C.  Alvis.     1931-1936.     Grade  VI. 

A.    I',..    State   Teacbers    College,    Farmville.    Va.;    A.    M.,    Columbia 

University. 

Alice  Lander.  January,  1907,  Grades  VI-VII;  1907-1909,  Grades  III-IV. 
Graduate    Eastern    Kentucky   State   Normal   School. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  259 

Bert  Shortt.     1909-10.     Grades  III-IV. 

Hulda  A.  Dilling.     1910-1916.     Grades  III-IV. 

Graduate  Oshkosh  State  Normal  School,  Wisconsin. 
Pearl  Jordan.     1916-1920.     Grades  III-IV. 

Graduate  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Germania      Wingo.        1920-1925,      Grades      III-IV;       1925-26,      IV-Vb; 

1928-1936,  IV.     On  leave,  first  semester,  1924-25;    second  semester, 

1925-26;   1927-28;   1930-31.     Graduate     Farmvilie,  Va.,  State  Normal 

School;   B.  S.,  M.  A.,  Columbia  University. 
Frances    Potter.      1924-1926,    Grades    II-IIIb;     first    semester,    1926-27, 

Illa-IVb. 

A.  B.,   North-East   Missouri    State   Teachers   College. 

Lena  McClister.     Second  semester,  1925-26,  Grades  IVa-V;   first  semes- 
ter,  1926-27,  Ila-IIIb. 

B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Maude  Taylor.     1927-28.     Grade  III. 

A.  B.,  Kentucky  Wesleyan  College. 
Elizabeth  Wilson.     1928-1936.     Grade  III. 

B.  S..  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 
Ellen  Pugh.     1930-1936.     Grade  IV. 

A.  B.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;   A.  M.,  Ohio  State  University. 


Lena  Gertrude  Roling.     1906-07,  Grades  I-II-III;   1907-1909,  III. 

May  Barrett.     1909-10.     Grades  III. 

Marianna  Deverell.     1910-1912.     Grades  III. 
Graduate  Illinois  State  Normal  University. 

May  C.  Hansen.  1912-1924,  Grades  III;  1924-1928,  I;  second  semester, 
1929-30,   II. 

On  leave,  1920-21;   192S-29;    1st  semester,  1929-30;    1930-31. 
Graduate   Oshkosh    State   Normal    School;    B.    S.,    George   Peabody 
College   for   Teachers;    A.   M.,   Columbia   University. 

May  K.  Duncan.  2nd  semester,  1922-23,  Grade  II;  1st  semester,  1923- 
1924,  III-IV:  2nd  semester,  1923-24,  II.  Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky 
State  Normal  School. 

Virginia  Story.  2nd  semester,  1926-27,  Grade  III;  1927-1936,  II.  On 
leave  2nd  semester,  1929-30.  Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School.     B.  S.,  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 

Margaret  Lingenfelser.  2nd  semester,  1926-27,  Grade  II;  1st  semester, 
1927-28,  IV;  1928-1936.  I;  Kavanaugh  Rural  School,  1923  to  Jan- 
uary, 1927.  A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College; 
A.  M.,  Columbia  University. 

Mariam  Noland.  Rural  School  on  the  Campus,  January,  191S,  to  June, 
1922;  Kavanaugh,  1922-23.  Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School. 


260  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Mayme  Ewing.     Kavanaugh,  1921-22. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Hettie  Leathers.     Kavanaugh,  1922-192(3. 

A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College. 
Bernice  Champ.     Kavanaugh,  January,  1927,  to  January,  1929;   Junior 

High  School,  2nd  semester,  1928-29. 

A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College;   A.  M.,  Columbia 

University. 
Katie     Carpenter.       Kavanaugh,      1926-1929;      Rural      Demonstration 

School,  1929-1936.     A.   B.,   Eastern  Kentucky   State  Teachers  Col- 
lege; A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
Jamie  Bronston.     Green's  Chapel,   1923-1925. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  A.  B.,  University 

of  Kentucky. 
Mrs.  Tom  Baxter.     Green's  Chapel,  1923-24. 
Minnie  Pigg.     Green's  Chapel,  1924-1928. 

Graduate  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Emily  Jones.     Kavanaugh,  1927-28;   Green's  Chapel,  192S-29. 

Graduate  of  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School. 
Mrs.  Emma  Y.  Case.     Green's  Chapel,  1925-1929. 

A.   B.,   Eastern   Kentucky   State   Teachers   College;    A.   M.,   George 

Peabody  College  for  Teachers. 


Anna  C.  Williams.     1934-1936.     Nursery-Kindergarten. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky. 
Anne  Shropshire.    1934-1935.     Nursery-Kindergarten. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky. 


B 

BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  FORMER  MEMBERS  OF 
THE   TEACHING   STAFF   AT   EASTERN 

By  William  J.  Moore,  Maude  Gibson,  May  C.  Hansen 

Below  are  given  short  biographical  sketches  of  former  staff  mem- 
bers of  Eastern.  Because  of  incomplete  records,  some,  no  doubt,  have 
not  been  included.  The  data  here  given  do  not  go  beyond  the  time  the 
instructor  left  Eastern.  Since  members  of  the  training  school  are 
included  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  they  are  omitted  here. 

ALBERS,  VERNON  M.  A.  B.,  Carleton  College,  Northfield,  Minn- 
esota; A.  M.,  University  of  Illinois;  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Illinois; 
part-time  assistant,  department  of  physics,  University  of  Illinois,  four 
years;  full-time  assistant,  University  of  Illinois,  one  year  and  two 
summer  sessions.  Dr.  Albers  was  teacher  of  physics  at  Eastern  dur- 
ing the  school  year  1928-29 

BACH,  HALLIE  DAY.  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  B.  S. 
Pratt  Institution,  Brooklyn,  New  York;  student  assistant,  University 
of  Kentucky  library;  assistant,  Girls  High  School,  Brooklyn,  New 
York;  assistant,  Morris  High  School,  New  York  City;  assistant  libra- 
rian at  Eastern,  1930-31. 

BARNARD,  BEN  H.  A.  B.,  B.  S.;  manual  arts  and  director  of 
athletics,  1913-1917. 

BARNES,  PAUL  A.  Certificate  and  diploma,  Cincinnati  College 
of  Music,  one  year  at  Heidelberg  University,  Tiffin,  Ohio;  certificate 
as  pianist  from  Arnold  School  of  Music,  Tiffiin,  Ohio;  certificate  and 
diploma  from  Cincinnati  College  of  Music  as  teacher  of  public  school 
music;  pupil  of  A.  J.  Gantvoort  in  composition  and  orchestration; 
pupil  of  Albino  Garno  in  piano;  supervisor  of  music  in  Cincinnati; 
director  of  music  at  Eastern  1921-22  and  1924-25. 

BARTER,  ADA.     Librarian,  from  1907  to   1911. 

BEALL,  MARY.  Diploma,  Mt.  Sterling  High  School;  A.  B.,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky;  instructor  in 
mathematics  in  high  school  for  four  years;  critic  teacher  of  mathe- 
matics at  University  of  Kentucky  for  three  years;  instructor,  in  edu- 
cation, University  of  Kentucky,  one  summer  term;  is  author  of  A 
Comparison  of  the  Curriculum  of  the  High,  Schools  of  Kentucky. 
She  was  mathematics  teacher  at  Eastern  1928-29. 

BELL,  JANE.     Home  economics,  1924-25. 
BILTON,    JEAN    FARLAND.     Drawing,    1907-09. 
BOLDRICK,    CLARA.     Graduate,    St.    Catherine's    Academy;     stu- 
dent, Art  Institute  of  Chicago;    student   at  Teachers   College,    Colum- 


262  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

bia  University;  studio  work,  two  years;  instructor  of  art,  Somerset 
High   School,   two  years;    art  teacher  at  Eastern,   1923-27. 

BOOTHE,  I.  H.  Graduate,  Zanerian  Art  College;  student,  National 
Normal  University;  student,  Southern  Normal  School;  diploma,  East- 
ern Kentucky  Normal  School,  1910;  graduate  of  Valparaiso  University 
with  Bachelor  of  Pedagogy  degree;  teacher,  public  schools  in  Ohio 
for  ten  years;  public  schools  of  Kentucky  for  fourteen  years;  pen- 
manship and  lettering  at  Eastern,  1906-07;  field  agent  and  penman- 
ship, 1909-10;  field  agent  and  director  of  review  courses,  1911-12;  com- 
mon school  branches  and  penmanship,  1913-16;  mathematics  and  pen- 
manship, 1916-18;  commercial  department,  191S-24;  mathematics, 
1924-28. 

BOTTS,   ETHEL.     Mathematics,   1926-27. 

BRESSIE,  LORNA.  Geography  and  physical  education,  1922-23; 
geography,  1923-24. 

BROCK,  H.  H.  A.  B.,  Transylvania  University;  correspondence 
department  of  Eastern,  1927-32. 

BRONSON,  MAURINE  MAYE.  Carleton  College,  one  year;  B. 
Music,  Northwestern  University  Conservatory  of  Music;  voice  under 
Alta  Miller;  piano  under  Mark  Wessel;  composition  and  theory  with 
Carl  Beecher;  operative  coaching  under  Oscar  Saeger,  New  York; 
pupil  of  Madame  Yvonne  Course,  Paris,  France,  and  Herbert  Wither- 
spoon,  Chicago;  instructor  of  voice  and  director  of  music,  Carr-Bur- 
dette  College,  two  and  one-half  years;  instructor  of  voice,  Greenbriar 
College,  one  year;   teacher  of  music  at  Eastern,  1930-32. 

BRUNER,  JAMES  D.  A.  B.,  Franklin  College;  Ph.  D.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University;  Litt.  D.,  Georgetown  College;  assistant  profes- 
sor and  professor,  Romance  Languages,  University  of  Chicago,  1S94-99; 
associate  professor  and  professor  of  Romance  Languages,  University 
of  North  Carolina,  1901-10;  five  years,  president  of  Chawon  College; 
two  years,  President  of  Daughters'  College;  author,  Chateaubriand's 
Les  Aventurer  du  Dernier  Abencerage,  Feuillet's  Le  Roman  du 
Homme  Pauvre,  Victor  Hugo's  Hernani.  Corneille's  Le  Cid.  and  Vic- 
tor Hugo's  Dramatic  Characters  and  Phonology  of  the  Pictorcsc  Dia- 
lect; teacher  of  English  and  French  at  Eastern,  1917-21. 

BURNAM,  ELIZABETH.  Graduate,  Madison  Institution;  four 
years  at  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music,  Boston,  Massachusetts; 
instructor  under  C.  A.  White,  Signora  De  Fabrites;  one  year,  teacher  of 
voice  and  French,  Rainhardt  College,  Waleska.  Georgia;  teacher  of 
voice  and  French  at  Eastern,  1921-23. 

CAMPBELL,  FALLEN.  Student  at  Eastern  Normal  School; 
rural  school  teacher;  county  superintendent,  Breathitt  County,  Ken- 
tucky;  director  of  Extension  at  Eastern. 

CARPENTER,  FLORA.  Miss  Carpenter  taught  drawing  at  East- 
ern 1909-11.     She  was  author  of  "Stories  Pictures  Tell." 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  263 

CASSIDY,  ELIZABETH.    American  history  and  sociology,  1906-09. 

COATES,  T.  J.  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  degrees,  Southern  Normal 
School,  Bowling  Green,  Kentucky;  certificate  from  Cook  County  Nor- 
mal School  and  Emmons  Blaine  School,  Chicago;  sometime  student 
Normal  Department  of  State  College,  Lexington,  Kentucky;  graduate 
Lexington  Business  College;  country  school  teacher,  five  years,  Pike 
County;  six  years,  principal  graded  school,  Greenville,  Kentucky; 
twelve  years,  superintendent,  city  schools,  Richmond,  Kentucky;  six 
years,  state  supervisor  of  rural  education;  instructor  in  more  than 
one  hundred  county  institutes  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Ohio; 
author  of  Elementary  State  Course  of  Study,  The  History  of  Educa- 
tion in  Kentucky,  and  Codification  of  the  Kentucky  School  Laws. 
From  1916  to  1928  Mr.  Coates  was  President  of  Eastern. 

COMPTON,  J.  0.  B.  C.  S.,  Bowling  Green  Business  University; 
student,  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  teacher,  three  years 
public  and  high  schools  of  Kentucky;  head  of  commercial  department, 
Oklahoma,  1916-1917;  taught  storthand  and  typewriting  at  Eastern 
from  1919  to  1920. 

COMSTOCK,   WALLACE   H.     Manual   arts,   1917-1918. 

COOPER,  HOMER  E.  A.  B.,  West  Virginia  University;  A.  M., 
Columbia  University;  Ph.  D.,  Columbia  University;  rural  teacher, 
four  years;  village  supervising  principal,  three  years;  superintendent 
of  Point  Pleasant,  West  Virginia,  four  years;  superintendent,  Blue- 
field,  West  Virginia,  four  years;  head,  extramural  instruction  depart- 
ment and  instructor  of  educational  administration,  University  of 
Pittsburg,  three  years;  head  of  extramural  instruction  department 
and  assistant  professor,  educational  administration,  one  year;  super- 
intendent, Maryland  Casualty  Company  Training  School,  Baltimore, 
two  years;  made  following  school  surveys:  Village  and  city  schools 
of  Nasean  County,  New  York,  1916;  St.  Paul,  Minnesota  1917;  Phila- 
delphia, 1920;  Kittanning,  Pennsylvania,  1920;  Maysville,  Kentucky, 
1927;  author,  Cost  of  Training  Teachers;  Dean  of  faculty  and  educa- 
tion teacher  at  Eastern  from  1924  to  1928;  Dean  of  faculty  1928  to 
1921;   acting  President  of  Eastern  for  a  while. 

COX,  REX  W.  B.  S.,  College  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Illi- 
nois; M.  S.,  Cornell  University;  teacher,  accredited  high  schools, 
three  years;  instructor,  State  Agriculturel  School,  Madison,  Georgia, 
two  years;  instructor,  State  Normal  School,  Fort  Hays,  Kansas;  agri- 
culture and  rural  economics  teacher  at  Eastern  from  191S  to  1924. 

CRABBE,  J.  G.  A.  B.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  A.  M.,  Ohio 
Wesleyan  University;  Ped.  M.,  Ohio  University;  Berea  College, 
LL.  D.;  Ped.  D.,  Miami  University;  LL.  D.,  State  University  of  Ken- 
tucky; eighteen  years,  superintendent  of  city  schools  Ashland,  Ken- 
tucky; State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Kentucky;   President  of  Eastern  from  1910  to  1916. 


264  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

DAVIES,  CLARA  A.  B.  S.,  Kansas  State  Teachers  College; 
graduate  student  in  library  science  in  Columbia  University  and  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago.  Miss  Davies  was  instructor  of  library  science  at 
Eastern  during  the  school  year  1931-32. 

DAVIS,  ANNA  LEE.  Graduate,  Bowling  Green  High  School; 
graduate,  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal  School;  B.  S.,  George  Pea- 
body  College;  teacher,  home  economics,  Waller  County  High  School, 
Jasper,  Alabama,  1915-16;  teacher  of  home  economics  and  health  at 
Eastern  from  1917  to  1920. 

DEANE,  MARY  B.  A.  B.,  Episcopal  Seminary;  student,  Ken- 
tucky University,  Valparaiso,  University  of  Chicago,  University  of 
Michigan,  and  Cornell  University;  seven  years,  instructor,  Jessamine 
College;  three  years,  instructor,  Lincoln  Memorial  University.  Mrs. 
Deane  was  instructor  at  Eastern  from  1911  to  her  death  in  192S. 
During  the  time  she  taught  grammar,  English,  geography,  and 
geology. 

DETTWILLER,  DAISY  D.  Graduate,  Kentucky  Classical  and 
Business  College;  graduate,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College; 
six  years  teacher  in  graded  schools;  four  years  teacher,  Paris  City 
schools;  assistant  Dean  of  Women,  1922-23. 

FOGLESONG,  MARGARET.     Assistant  in  English  1909-1910. 

FORSTER,  KATHERINE.     English  teacher  at  Eastern  1908-11. 

FOSTER,  ELINOR.  Graduate,  junior  college  course,  Ward 
Belmont  College,  Nashville;  B.  S.  and  M.  A.,  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  student  assistant,  Peabody  College  library  and  demonstra- 
tion school  library,  Peabody  College;  assistant,  Teachers  College  Li- 
brary, Columbia  University,  summer  192S.  Miss  Foster  was  teacher  of 
library  science  and  assistant  librarian  at  Eastern  from  192S  to  1930. 

FOSTER,  R.  A.  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  graduate  scholar- 
ship, Princeton  University;  A.  M.,  Princeton;  teacher,  rural  school, 
1911;  principal,  Central  grammar  school,  Somerset,  Kentucky,  1914-15; 
assistant  principal  and  teacher  of  English,  high  school,  Peekskill. 
New  York,  1917;  instructor,  U.  S.  Army  Schools,  191S;  teacher  of 
English  and  mathematics,  high  school,  Owensboro,  Kentucky,  1919; 
principal,  Morton  Elliott  Junior  College,  Elkton,  Kentucky,  and 
teacher  of  Latin  and  English,  1919-21.  Mr.  Foster  was  teacher  of 
English  at  Eastern  from   1921  to   1927. 

GILBERT,  MARY.     Latin,   1915-16. 

GILKEY,   J.   E.     Commercial   branches,    1909-1910. 

GREEN,  LOUISE  A.  M.  A.,  University  of  Wisconsin,  1922.  Ph.  B., 
University  of  Chicago,  191S;  primary  supervisors'  course.  University 
of  Chicago,  1917;  social  education,  Columbia  University,  1921;  gradu- 
ate, Wilson  Normal  Scbool  of  Washington,  D.  C,  1915,  teacher  in 
Broaddus  College,  West  Virginia,  1920.  Miss  Green  was  teacher  of 
education   at  Eastern,   1922-23. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  265 

GREER,  NANCY.  Student,  Ward  Belmont  College;  B.  S.,  George 
Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  M.  A.,  George  Peabody;  two  years, 
head  of  English  department,  Coffee  High  School,  Florence,  Alabama; 
English  teacher  at  Eastern  1930-31. 

GRINSTEAD,  WREN  JONES.  A.  B.  and  A.  M„  University  of 
Kentucky;  graduate  English  course,  College  of  the  Bible,  Lexington, 
Kentucky;  Greek  certificate,  University  of  Tennessee;  four  quarters' 
graduate  study,  University  of  Chicago;  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin; one  year's  graduate  work,  Columbia  University;  special  lecturer 
in  Biblical  Criticism,  College  of  the  Bible,  Melbourne,  Australia; 
three  years,  rural  teacher  in  schools  of  Nebraska  and  Kentucky;  in- 
structor in  Esperanto,  University  of  Tennesese;  fellow  in  Education, 
University  of  Wisconsin;  teacher  in  Latin,  Teachers  College,  Colum- 
bia University.  Doctor  Grinstead  taught  Latin,  French  and  other 
subjects  at  Eastern  from  1906-1927. 

HAMMOND,  KATHERINE.  Graduate.  Sargeant  School  of  Phys- 
ical Education,  Boston,  Massachusetts;  two  years,  teacher  in  girl's 
school,  "House  in  the  Pines"  at  Norton,  Massachusetts;  two  years, 
physical  director  of  education  in  city  schools  of  Charleston,  West  Vir- 
ginia; four  summers,  instructor  at  Sargeant  Summer  Camp;  instruc- 
tor at  Sargeant  Normal  School  Camp;  director  of  physical  education 
for  women  from  1920  to  1924  at  Eastern. 

HARDIN,  RUTH  ANETTE.  Graduate,  Skidmore  School  of  Arts, 
Saratoga  Springs,  New  York;  special  course  in  physical  education  at 
New  York  State  College  for  Teachers;  private  teacher  of  expression 
and  director  of  juvenile  dramatic  class  at  Albany;  teacher  of  expres- 
sion and  physical  culture  for  women  at  Eastern  1918  to  1919. 

HARMON,  ELLA  MAUDE.  Graduate,  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School,  1914;  A.  B.  in  History,  University  of  Kentucky,  1918; 
summer  school  student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1921;  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, 1922;  teacher,  Perryville  High  School,  1916  to  1917  and  1920 
to  1922;  teacher  of  Latin  and  history  at  Eastern  from  1922  to  1924. 

HIGGINS,  HERBERT  T.  Diploma,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Nor- 
mal School  and  Teachers  College;  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky; 
rural  teacher,  one  year;  graded  school,  Pulaski,  Kentucky,  two  years; 
principal,  county  high  school,  Parksville,  Kentucky,  one  year;  manual 
training  instructor,  Ashland  City  Schools,  Ashland,  Kentucky,  one 
year;  manual  training  instructor,  Anchorage,  Kentucky,  three  years; 
director  of  vocational  education,  Pensacola,  Florida,  two  years.  Mr. 
Higgins  was  teacher  of  industrial  arts  at  Eastern  192S  to  1929. 

HILLEGAS,  M.  B.    Psychology,  190S  to  1909. 

HOUNCHINS,   JENNIE.     English,   1912  to   1914. 
HUME,   MRS.    STANTON   B.     Graduate,    Bellwood    Seminary   and 
Kentucky  Presbyterian  Normal  School;    student,  Cincinnati  School  of 
Domestic  Science,  under  Miss  Gamon;   student  of  Miss  Anna  Barrows, 


266  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Columbia  University;  student  of  Miss  Tamphere  and  Mr.  Lane,  New 
Hampshire;  student,  summer  school,  Peabody  College;  handwork  and 
domestic  science  teacher  at  Eastern,  1910  to  1914;  1914  to  1932  hand- 
work and  industrial  arts. 

HUMPHREY,  ELIZABETH.  Vocal  Music  at  Eastern,  1910  to 
1911. 

HURST,  JEANIE  B.  Expression  and  physical  culture  for  women, 
1913  to  1918. 

JAGGERS,  R.  E.  Diploma,  Western  Kentucky  State  Teachers 
College;  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky;  Ph.  D.,  Cornell; 
rural  teacher;  principal,  graded  school;  superintendent  of  city  schools; 
assistant  director  of  Extension,  University  of  Kentucky;  teacher  of 
education  and  principal  of  Normal  School  at  Eastern,  1926  to  1928; 
teacher  of  education  and  director  of  extension,  1932  to  1934. 

JAYNE,  W.  L.  A.  B.,  Georgetown  College;  teacher  in  rural 
schools,  four  years;  principal,  Pollard  Graded  Schools,  five  years; 
principal,  Sandy  City  Graded  Schools,  four  years;  president  of  Ken- 
tucky State  Association  of  County  Superintendents,  two  years;  prin- 
cipal, Quicksand  Graded  High  School,  two  years;  institute  instructor; 
1920  to  1922,  rural  education  teacher  at  Eastern;  1922  to  1924,  direc- 
tor of  the  rural  training  school.  Mr.  Jayne  was  the  Republican  nom- 
inee for  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of  Kentucky  in 
1923. 

JOHNSON,  J.  R.  B.  M.  E.,  State  University  of  Kentucky;  in- 
structor in  mechanical  engineering  and  mathematics,  Kentucky  State 
College,  1893-1901;  assistant  professor  of  mathematics,  Kentucky  State 
College,  1901-1905;  professor  of  mathematics  and  mechanics,  Nevada 
State  University,  1905-1907;  sometime  dean  of  men  at  Eastern;  in- 
structor of  mathematics  at  Eastern  1906-1916. 

JOHNSON,  MRS.  J.  R.  Pupil  of  R.  de  Roode,  1887-1895;  five 
years  teacher,  Smith's  Classical  School,  Cynthiana,  Kentucky;  some- 
time teacher,  Paris  Classical  Institute;  five  years,  teacher,  Lexing- 
ton; teacher,  two  years,  Nevada  State  University;  teacher  of  piano 
and  history  of  music  at  Eastern,  1913-1914. 

KOCH,  JOHN  G.  Graduate  in  public  school  music  of  Metropoli- 
tan College  of  Music,  Cincinnati;  New  School  of  Methods,  Chicago; 
one  year,  Teachers  College,  University  of  Cincinnati;  graduate,  music 
department,  Cornell  University;  seven  years,  supervisor  of  music  at 
Loveland,  Milford  and  Franklin,  Ohio;  teacher  of  music  at  Eastern, 
1913-1917. 

LAWRENCE,  A.  J.  B.  C.  S.,  Bowling  Green  Business  University; 
A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  two  summers  at  University  of  Chicago; 
instructor,  one  year,  Mattins  Ferry,  Ohio,  high  school;  head  of  com- 
merce department,  Owensboro,  Kentucky,  high  school;  commercial  ed- 
ucation teacher  at  Eastern  from  1926  to  1930. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  267 

LEWIS,  CHARLES  D.  Elementary  and  secondary  training,  pri- 
vate schools;  B.  Ped.,  Kentucky  State  University;  student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky;  teacher,  rural  schools,  1895-97;  Theodore  Harris 
Institution,  Pineville,  Kentucky,  1901-1902;  professor  of  rural  edu- 
cation and  director  of  extension  training-,  Eastern  Kentucky  Normal 
School,  1921-22;  member,  summer  faculty,  Peabody  College  for  Teach- 
ers, 1917;  author,  The  Waterboys  and  Their  Cousins,  Forms  and 
Methods  in  Arthimetic,  School  Reorganization  and  Finance  in  Ken- 
tucky, A  Study  of  Pupils  from  Rural  and  Town  Schools  Working 
Together  in  the  High  School. 

LEWIS,  HORTENSE.  Graduate,  Kentucky  College  for  Women; 
graduate,  Sargent  School  of  Physical  Education;  teacher  of  physical 
education   for  women  at  Eastern,   1925-26. 

LOGAN,  JAMES  V.     A.  B.;   English  at  Eastern,  1925-27. 

LOWRY,  LOUISE  L.  B.  S.  and  M.  A.,  Northwestern  University, 
reader  and  assistant  in  mathematics,  Northwestern  University,  one 
year;  teacher  of  mathematics  and  science,  Roycemore  School,  Evans- 
ton,  Illinois,  one  year;  Chicago  Public  High  Schools,  one  semester; 
mathematics  teacher  at  Eastern,  1930-31. 

McClelland,  margaret.    Latin,  1906-07. 

McDOUGAL,  ERNEST  CLIFTON.  B.  S.,  National  Normal  Uni- 
versity; A.  B.,  Southern  Normal  University;  Ph.  D.,  Clark  University; 
three  years  teacher  of  science,  Southern  Normal  University;  five 
years  professor  of  Belles  Lettres  and  Pedagogy,  National  Normal 
University;  some  time  president  of  Southern  Normal  University;  five 
years  President  of  Georgia  Robertson  Christian  College;  instructor  of 
institutes  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  and  West  Virginia;  business 
director  and  natural  science  at  Eastern,  1906-1909;  grammar  and 
pedagogy,  1909-10;  pedagogy,  1911-15;  Dean,  pedagogy,  psychology, 
and  education,  1915-21. 

McKEE,   LELIA.     Piano,   voice,   violin,    1907-08. 

MESNER,  E.  D.     Psychology,  1927-28. 

McMILLAN,  MARY.  Expression  and  physical  education  for 
women  at  Eastern,  1919-20. 

MARSTELLER,  WILLIAM  FISH.  Graduate,  Walters  Collegiate 
Institute;  graduate  of  University  of  Geneva  with  degree  Licencie  es- 
sciences  sociales;  lecturer  in  social  sciences  at  Eastern,   1910-1912. 

McCOY,    CLYDE.     Director   of  athletics,   at   Eastern,    1919-20. 

MURPHY,  EDNA  LORD.  Graduate,  Ferry  Hall,  Lake  Forrest; 
teacher,  Ferry  Hall;  teacher,  Miss  Davis  School,  Morristowh;  assist- 
ant to  superintendent,  Southern  Industrial  Classes,  Norfolk,  Virginia; 
assistant  to  principal  of  Harcourt  Place  School,  Gambler,  Ohio;  grad- 
uate, Stout  Institute;  teacher  of  home  economics,  Iowa  State  College; 
teacher  of  home  economics  at  Eastern,  1912-1913. 


268  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

NEELEY,  WINNIE  DAVIS.  Diploma,  Alabama  College;  B.  S., 
George  Peabody;  one  year  graduate  work,  George  Peabody  College 
for  Teachers;  student  instructor  in  mathematics,  Alabama  College, 
one  year;  teacher  in  rural  schools,  several  summers;  teacher  of  sixth 
grade,  Dotham  City  School,  Dotham,  Alabama,  one  year;  instructor 
in  English,  county  high  school  of  Molton  and  Birmingham,  Alabama, 
six  years;  critic  teacher,  Alabama  College  Training  School,  two 
years;  instructor  in  English,  county  high  school  of  Molton  and  Bir- 
mingham, Alabama,  six  years;  critic  teacher,  Alabama  College  Train- 
ing School,  two  years;  instructor  of  English,  Alabama  College,  two 
summer  terms;   English  teacher  at  Eastern  from  1924-1930. 

NETTINGA,  CORNELIA.  A.  B.  and  B.  Mus.,  Hope  College;  music 
teacher  at  Eastern,  1932-1934. 

NEWMAN,  FRANCES  E.  Graduate,  Morganfield  High  School; 
A.  B.,  Randolph-Macon  College;  B.  S.,  School  of  Library  Science,  Col- 
umbia University;  student  assistant,  Randolph-Macon  College,  two 
years;  student  assistant,  School  of  Engineering,  Columbia  University, 
one  year;   assistant  librarian  at  Eastern,  1928-1929. 

MILLER,  CHARLES  P.  Graduate,  Louisville  High  School;  man- 
ual training  at  Eastern,  1918-1920. 

MILLER,  MAUD  M.  Commercial  department  at  Eastern,  1918- 
1919. 

MILLION,  ISSIE  D.  Student  of  Joseph  Meiler  and  Signor 
Griseppe  Randeggor,  Hamilton  College;  pupil  of  Sol  Marcosson,  Cleve- 
land Conservatory  of  Music;  instructor  of  music  at  Eastern,  1918- 
1922. 

MILLER,  RUCIE.  Graduate,  Suevina  College;  graduate,  Louis- 
ville Conservatory  of  Music,  department  of  dramatics,  art  and  ex- 
pression; student,  Pludelah  Rice,  Elizabeth  Rice,  Rachel  Noal  France, 
of  Boston;  Blanche  Townsend,  of  New  York;  Leland  Powers,  Boston; 
two  years,  director  of  dramatic  art  and  expression  in  city  school  of 
Franklin,  Kentucky;  teacher  of  expression  and  dramatic  arts  at  East- 
ern, 1920-1923. 

MIMMS,  LORA  B.     Drawing  and  Music,  at  Eastern,  1907-190S. 

MOORE,  BESS.  Student,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  Col- 
lege, four  years;    assistant  librarian  at  Eastern,   1927-30. 

MURRAY,  MARY  LAVINIA.  English  teacher  at  Eastern  from 
1908-1909. 

MYERS,  NANCY.  Student,  Stetson  University;  A.  B.,  Berea  Col- 
lege; A.  M.,  Columbia  University;  special  student,  University  of  Besan- 
con,  France,  1921;  taught  English  and  French  for  four  years,  and 
for  two  years  was  head  of  French  department,  Blue  Mountain  Col- 
lege, Blue  Mountain,  Mississippi;  teacher  of  French  and  English  at 
Eastern,  1923-25. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  269 

MYERS,  SHILO  SHAFFER.  Elders  Ridge  College;  New  Eng- 
land Conservatory  of  Music;  supervisor  of  music  in  public  schools  of 
Knoxville,  Tennessee;  director  of  music,  Miami  University,  and  Ohio 
State  Normal  College;  instructor  in  public  school  music  and  methods 
of  teaching  and  supervising,  Ohio  Northern  University;  director  of 
music  at  Eastern,  1916-1921. 

PATRIDGE,  LELIA  E.  Graduate,  Framingham,  Massachusetts 
State  Normal  School,  Boston  Institution  of  Physical  Education,  and 
Philadelphia  Kindergarten  Training  Class;  course  in  child  study  un- 
der Dr.  G.  Stanley  Hall  at  Clark  University;  student  at  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago;  author  of  Quincy  Methods  and  editor  of  Talks  on 
Teaching;  teacher,  six  years,  in  Philadelphia  Normal  School;  teacher 
four  years,  in  Chicago  Normal  School,  under  Colonel  Parker;  in- 
structor in  psychology  and  literature  in  Stetson  University,  Deland, 
Florida;  teacher  in  Model  School  at  Eastern,  1908-1909;  supervisor  of 
practice  teaching,  1910-1911;  methods  teacher  and  director  of  rural 
school,   1911-1921. 

PEARSON,  EUGENE.  A.  B.,  Vanderbilt  University;  graduate 
work,  University  of  Kentucky;  one  summer  at  Peabody  College;  one 
summer  session  at  Columbia  University;  principal,  county  high  school, 
Cedar  Hill,  Tennessee,  two  years;  principal,  city  high  school,  George- 
town, Kentucky,  two  years.  Mr.  Pearson  was  teacher  of  English,  at 
Eastern  from  1926-1930. 

PEARSON,  NORMA.  B.  A.,  M.  A.,  and  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Wis- 
consin; teacher  of  science,  Sparta  High  School,  two  years;  assistant 
in  botany,  University  of  Wisconsin,  two  years;  instructor  in  botany 
and  chemistry,  Catlay  College,  one  year;  instructor  in  biology,  Beloit 
College,  three  years;  research  assistant,  plant  pot-biology,  University 
of  Wisconsin,  two  years;  Dr.  Pearson  taught  in  the  department  of 
biology  at  Eastern  from   1929-1931. 

PERRY,   RUTH.     Physical   education   for   women,    1924-1926. 

PHIPPS,  FRANK.     Assistant  coach  at  Eastern  from  1929-1934. 

PIOTROWSKA,  HELENA.  Graduate,  Buffalo  High  School;  grad- 
uate, Buffalo  Teachers'  Training  School;  life  certificate,  State  of  New 
York;  six  years,  teacher  in  Buffalo  public  schools;  A.  B.,  Cornell 
University;  German  teacher  at  Eastern,  1909-1911;  French  and  Ger- 
man,   1911-1913;    French,    German,    and    Psychology,    1913-1917. 

POLLITT,  MABEL  H.  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky; 
additional  graduate  work  in  American  Academies  of  Rome  and 
Athens;  principal,  Lewis  County  High  School,  Vanceburg.  Kentucky, 
two  years;  instructor  and  assistant  in  department  of  ancient  lan- 
guages, University  of  Kentucky,  six  years;  professor  and  acting  head 
of  department  of  ancient  languages,  Georgetown  College,  one  year; 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  Eta  Sigma  Phi  fraternities;  author,  Life  of  James 
Kennedy    Patterson,    President     University    of    Kentucky.     1S69-191S. 


270  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Miss  Pollitt  was  teacher  of  Latin  and  other  languages  at  Eastern 
from  1927-1934. 

PORTWOOD,  ALFRED  E.  Diploma,  Midway  High  School;  A.  B., 
University  of  Kentucky;  freshman  backfield  coach,  fall  1929,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky;  physical  education  and  assistant  coach,  at  Eastern, 
from  1930-1936. 

PULLEN,  J.  S.  Graduate  of  Murray  Institute,  Murray,  Ken- 
tucky; B.  S.,  Battle  Ground  Academy;  sometime,  student  of  Louisi- 
ana State  University  and  Tulane  University;  three  years,  teacher  in 
Kentucky,  three  years,  teacher,  Training  School,  Centerville,  Louisi- 
ana; from  1912-1918,  teacher  of  agriculture  and  rural  economics  at 
Eastern. 

RALSTON,   HENRIETTA.     Drawing   and   art,   1906-1908. 

RAMEY,   MURRAY.     Manual  training,   from   1908-1912. 

REID,  MARY  E.  Edmonton  High  School;  graduate,  Liberty  Col- 
lege, Glasgow;  special  course  in  library  administration,  University  of 
Nashville,  one  year;  Carnegie  Library,  Nashville,  one  year;  librarian 
at  Eastern  from   1911-1929. 

RICE,  JANE  V.  Graduate,  Richmond  High  School;  B.  S.,  Iowa 
State  College,  Ames,  Iowa;  demonstration  agent,  Bradley  County, 
Tennessee,  1917-191S;  teacher,  home  economics,  Central  High  School, 
Cleveland,  Tennessee,  1918-1919;  sometime,  graduate  student,  Pea- 
body    College;    home    economics    teacher    at    Eastern    from    1920-1922. 

RICHARDSON,  NANCY.  A.  B.,  North  Carolina  College  for 
Women;  assistant  librarian,  Richard  J.  Reynolds  High  School,  "Win- 
ston-Salem, North  Carolina;  assistant  cataloger,  Peabody  College; 
graduate,  department  of  library  science,  Peabody  College;  cataloger, 
summer  session,  Arkansas  State  Teachers  College,  Conway,  Arkansas; 
assistant  librarian  and  library  science  teacher  at  Eastern  from  1930- 
1934. 

ROARK,  R.  N.  President  of  Eastern  1906-1909;  psychology  and 
pedagogy.  Dr.  Roark  was  the  first  president  of  Eastern.  (More  de- 
tailed information  is  given  about  him  elsewhere  in  this  volume.) 

ROARK,  MRS.  R.  N.  Student,  four  years,  Nebraska  University 
and  Oberlin  College;  B.  S.,  National  Normal  University;  student.  Col- 
orado College;  B.  A.,  National  Normal  University;  teacher,  four  years, 
National  Normal  University;  three  years,  Vice-President,  Glasgow 
Normal  School;  sometime,  teacher,  Kentucky  State  College;  acting- 
President,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  School,  1910.  From  1910- 
1916,  sbe  was  Dean  of  Women  at  Eastern. 

ROBERTS,  KATHERINE.  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  French 
and   English  at   Eastern,   L925-28;   French  1928-1929. 

ROBINSON.  J.  R.  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky: 
teacher,  Walton  lli.nh  School.  19UH-19HI;  Caldwell  High  School,  Rich- 
mond, 1910-1912;    principal,  Madison  County  High   School,  Waco,   1912- 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  271 

1918;  graduate  student,  Chicago  University,  summer  1922;  history 
and  mathematics,  at  Eastern,  1919-1920;  Extension  department,  1920- 
1922;   registrar  and  history  teacher,  1922-  1927. 

RUSSELL,  HELEN  H.     Physical  education  for  women,   1926-1928. 

SCHRIVNER,  PEARL.  Life  certificate,  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School,  class  1919;  assistant  librarian  at  Eastern  1920  to  1921. 

SCUDDER,   J.   W.      M.   D.,   physiology   and   hygiene,    1927    to   192S. 

SHARON,  J.  A.  B.  Ped.,  University  of  Kentucky;  mathematics 
and  review  courses,  1906-1907;  director  of  state  certificate  course,  1907 
to  1909;  American  history  and  civics,  1909  to  1912. 

SHARP,  J.  W.     Vocal  music,  1907  to  1909. 

SLATER.  EVELYN.  Graduate  of  Holmes  High  School,  Coving- 
ton, Kentucky;  four  years  business  experience  with  Cincinnati  bank- 
ing concerns;  B.  S.,  University  of  Kentucky;  one  year,  graduate  work, 
University  of  Kentucky;  one  semester,  substitute  work,  Cincinnati 
public  schools;  foods  instructor,  East  Nigert  High  School,  Cincinnati; 
home  economics  teacher  at  Eastern  from  1927  to  1932. 

SPENCER,  VIRGINIA  E.  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Kansas; 
Ph.  D.  University  of  Zurich,  Switzerland;  Dean  of  Women,  and  teacher 
of  German  and  history  from  1905  to  1909. 

SQUIRES,  R.  DEAN.  A.  B.,  Central  University,  Richmond,  Ken- 
tucky; three  terms,  Teachers  College,  Columbia;  University  of  New 
York,  1912,  1913,  1914;  three  years,  teacher  public  schools,  Montgom- 
ery County,  Kentucky;  one  year,  superintendent  of  a  township  con- 
solidated school,  Indiana;  nine  years,  superintendent,  city  schools, 
Carlisle,  Kentucky. 

STEWART,  J.  O.,  Jr.  A.  B.  and  honorary,  A.  M.,  Cedarville  Col- 
lege; Cincinnati  College  of  Music,  one  year;  collegiate  diploma,  Cin- 
cinnati Conservatory  of  Music;  teacher  of  voice,  New  Philadelphia, 
Ohio,  one  year;  State  Normal  School,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  three 
years;  Norfolk,  Virginia,  one  year;  supervisor  of  public  school  music, 
Miami  and  Montgomery  Counties,  Ohio,  two  years;  author  of  several 
articles  on  public  school  music.  Mr.  Stewart  was  director  of  music 
at  Eastern  from  1922  to  1931. 

STOTT,  ROSCOE  G.  A.  B.,  Franklin  College;  two  years  teacher 
in  Franklin  College;  two  years  teacher  in  Drury  College;  a  year's 
graduate  work  in  the  University  of  Chicago;  assistant  in  English  in 
Michigan  State  Agricultural  College;  magazine  writer  of  verse,  stor- 
ies, and  humor;  English  teacher  Eastern  from  1910  to  1917. 

STRADER,  EDNA  LOUISE.  B.  S.,  James  Millikan  University; 
graduate  work,  University  of  Illinois;  graduate  work,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity; five  years,  high  school  instructor  in  Illinois;  home  econo- 
mics teacher  at  Eastern  from  1915  to  1917. 

SULLIVAN,  KATHLEEN  B.  Student  six  years,  Campbell-Hager- 
man    College,    Lexington,    Kentucky;    graduate,    Union    College,    1912; 


272  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

B.  S.  in  home  economics,  University  of  Kentucky,  1916;  engaged  in 
extension  work  during  summer  of  1915;  home  economics  teacher  at 
Eastern  from  1917  to  1921. 

SULLIVAN,  M.  R.  A.  B.,  Georgetown  College;  graduate  student, 
University  of  Kentucky;  teacher  of  economics  and  history  at  Eastern 
1925  to  192S. 

TAPP,  HAMBLETON.  A.  B.,  Centre  College;  assistant  in  Eng- 
lish, Centre  College;  principal  of  consolidated  graded  and  high  school, 
Stone,  Kentucky;  graduate  work,  George  Peahody  College  for  Teach- 
ers;  teacher  of  English  at  Eastern,  1925  to  1928. 

TAYLOR,  L.  N.  B.  S.,  University  of  Kentucky;  review  branches 
1906  to  190T. 

TAYLOR,  N.  V.  B.  S.,  Cornell;  nature  study  and  science,  1906  to 
1907. 

TRAYNOR,  MARY.     Music  at  Eastern,  1906-07. 

WADE,   C.   M.     Agriculture   at   Eastern,    1924-26. 

WATERS,  CARRIE  M.  Courses  in  library  economy,  Nashville 
Carnegie  Library;  one  year,  head  of  reference  department,  and  nine 
years,  head  of  cataloguing  department  in  Carnegie  Library,  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee;   assistant  librarian  at  Eastern  from  1921-26. 

WATSON,  C.  F.     A.  B.,  teacher  of  physiography,  1909-1910. 

WESLEY,  L.  G.  A.  B.,  Union  College;  correspondence  depart- 
ment at  Eastern,   1927-32. 

WILLIAMS,   WINNONA.     Cataloger   at   Eastern   from    1926-2S. 

WILSON,  C.  H.  Manual  training  teacher  and  physical  educa- 
tion at  Eastern,  1911-12. 

WOLCOTT,   HELEN  B.     M.   A.,   teacher   of   sociology,   1914-1S. 

WOODS,  RUTH.  B.  S.,  State  Teachers  College,  Kirksville,  Mis- 
souri; graduate  work  in  Columbia  University;  instructor  in  voca- 
tional home  economics,  Trenton,  Missouri;  assistant  in  home  econo- 
mics, summer  term,  State  Teachers  College,  Kirksville,  Missouri; 
home  economics  teacher  at  Eastern  1922-23. 

ZELLHOEFER,  EDNA.  Graduate,  Illinois  State  Normal  Univer- 
sity; A.  B.,  University  of  Illinois;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University;  in- 
structor in  English,  Sparland  High  School,  LeRoy  High  School,  and 
Rockford  High  School,  Illinois;  instructor  in  English  in  high  school, 
La  Crosse,  Wisconsin;  teacher  of  English  at  Eastern,  1922-32. 

WRIGHT,  MARY  EVA.     Music  teacher  at  Eastern  from  1915-1917. 


c 

BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  THE  PRESENT  STAFF 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  FACULTY  OF  EASTERN 

By  William  J.  Moore,  Maude  Gibson,  May  C.  Hansen 

Below  are  given  short  biographical  sketches  of  faculty  members 
who  are  serving  Eastern  at  the  present  time.  Members  of  the  train- 
ing school  staff  are  included  elsewhere,  and,  for  that  reason,  are  omit- 
ted in  the  list  below. 

DONOVAN,  H.  L.  Diploma,  Western  Kentucky  Normal  School; 
A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  M.  A.,  Teachers  College,  Columbia 
University;  graduate  student,  University  of  Chicago;  Ph.  D.,  Peabody 
College;  LL.  D.,  University  of  Kentucky;  rural  teacher,  one  year; 
elementary  school  principal,  Paducah,  Kentucky,  three  years;  super- 
intendent of  schools,  Wickliffe,  Kentucky,  two  years;  assistant  super- 
intendent of  schools,  Louisville,  Kentucky,  five  years;  army  psycholo- 
gist, one  year;  superintendent  of  schools,  Cattletsburg,  Kentucky, 
one  year;  Dean  of  Eastern,  two  years;  professor  of  elementary  educa- 
tion, Peabody  College,  three  years.  Dr.  Donovan  is  a  member  of  the 
N.  E.  A.  and  the  K.  E.  A.  Honorary  fraternities  of  which  he  is  a  mem- 
ber are:  Phi  Delta  Kappa,  Kappa  Delta  Pi,  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He 
served  as  president  of  the  American  Association  of  Teachers  Colleges 
in  1934.  Dr.  Donovan  is  author  of  several  articles  on  educational  sub- 
jects.    He  has  been  president  of  Eastern  since  1928. 

ADAMS,  KERNEY  M.  Diploma,  Eastern  Kentucky  Normal  School 
and  Teachers  College;  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  Cornell 
University;  two  years  of  additional  graduate  work  at  Harvard  LTni- 
versity;  teacher,  rural  schools  of  Kentucky;  teacher  of  history,  Altoona 
High  School,  Altoona,  Pennsylvania,  two  years.  From  192S  to  1932, 
Mr.  Adams  was  director  of  Extension  at  Eastern  and  did  part-time 
teaching  in  the  department  of  social  science.  Since  1932  he  has  been 
a  full-time  staff  member  in  the  department  of  social  science,  and  is  at 
present  associate  professor  of  history.  Mr.  Adams  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Historical  Association,  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, the  K.  E.  A.,  the  N.  E.  A.,  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social 
Sciences,  and  the  Southern  Historical  Association. 

BARNHILL,  MRS.  MARY  E.  Diploma,  Western  Kentucky  State 
Normal  School;  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  M.  A.,  Ohio  State 
University;  LL.  B.,  University  of  Louisville;  graduate  student,  Ohio 
State  University;  teacher  in  the  English  department  at  Eastern  since 
1931.  At  present  she  is  associate  professor  of  English.  Mrs.  Barnhill 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  the  N.  E.  A.,  Modern  Language  Associa- 
tion, National  Association  of  Teachers  of  English,  Filson  Club,  Kappa 


274  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Delta  Pi,  Pi  Lambda  Theta,  American  Association  of  University 
Women. 

BENNETT,  ISABELLE.  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  B.  S.  in 
Library  Science,  Columbia  University;  assistant  librarian  at  Eastern, 
1924  to  1927;  instructor,  Universtiy  of  Kentucky,  summer  term,  1929; 
assistant  instructor  in  School  of  Library  Science,  Columbia  University, 
1928-29.  She  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  K.  L.  A.  She  has 
been  at  Eastern  since  1929. 

BUCHANAN,  PEARL.  A.  B.,  Southwestern  University;  one  sem- 
ester graduate  work,  University  of  Oklahoma;  one  semester  graduate 
work,  Northwestern  University;  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  two  years,  head  of  English  department,  State  Preparatory 
School,  Claremore,  Oklahoma;  one  year,  teacher  of  English  and  dra- 
matics, Henryetta  High  School,  Henryetta,  Oklahoma;  one  semester, 
teaching  fellowship,  George  Peabody  College;  four  years,  teacher  of 
speech  and  dramatics,  Senior  High  School,  Muskogee,  Oklahoma; 
one  semester  assistant  instructor  in  reading.  State  Normal  School, 
Ada,  Oklahoma ;  present  position  since  1923.  Miss  Buchanan  has  con- 
tributed articles  dealing  with  speech  instruction  to  educational  peri- 
odicals. She  is  a  member  of  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  N.  A.  T.  S., 
S.  A.  T.  S.,  Kentucky  Speech  Association,  Pi  Gamma  Mu,  Alpha  Psi 
Omega,  and  is  assistant  editor  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Southern  Asso- 
ciation of  Teachers  of  Speech.  At  present  she  is  associate  professor 
of  English. 

BURNS,  VIRGIL.  Diploma,  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal 
School  and  Teachers  College;  ten  months'  training  in  Bowling  Green 
Business  University;  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  Colum- 
bia University;  rural  teacher,  three  years;  principal,  Golden  Pond 
Graded  School,  Trigg  County,  one  year;  superintendent,  Kuttawa 
City  Schools,  four  years;  present  position  since  1924;  history  teacher 
at  Eastern,  1924  to  1925;  education  and  history,  1925  to  1927;  civics, 
1927  to  1928;  social  science  teacher  and  critic,  192S  to  1931;  since 
1934,  assistant  professor  of  history  and  government.  ■  Mr.  Burns  is  a 
member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  Kappa  Delta  Pi,  American  Political 
Science  Association,  Southern  Historical  Association,  Madison  County 
Historical  Association,  and  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Sciences. 
Mr.  Burns  has  done  additional  graduate  work  at  Columbia  University 
and  has  finished  the  main  requirement   for  the  doctorate. 

BURRIER,  MARY  KING.  Diploma,  Hamilton  College:  B.  S.. 
M.  S.,  University  of  Kentucky;  Columbia  University,  two  summer 
terms  (if  graduate  work;  home  demonstration  agent,  Bourbon  County, 
Kentucky,  six  months;  supervisor  of  home  economics,  Fayette  County. 
Kentucky,  one  and  a  half  years;  home  economies  and  science  teacher, 
Pikeville  College,  Pikeville,  Kentucky:  home  economics  and  science 
teacher,  .Midway  High  School,  four  years;  since  1925,  teacher  of  home 
economics,  at  Eastern;   at  present,  assistant  professor  of  home  eeono- 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  275 

mics.     Miss  Burrier  is  a  member  of  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  A.  H.  E.  A., 
Phi  Upsilon  Omicron. 

CALDWELL,  C.  E.  B.  S.,  National  Normal  University;  B.  A., 
Marietta  College;  A.  M.,  Ohio  State  University;  one  year  additional 
graduate  work,  Ohio  State  University;  superintendent,  accredited 
schools  in  Ohio,  eleven  years;  instructor  in  mathematics,  Marietta 
College,  summer  sessions;  present  position  since  1912;  member  of  the 
K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  and  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science.  At  present 
Mr.  Caldwell  is  associate  professor  of  mathematics. 

CAMPBELL,  JANE.  Bachelor  of  Music,  Taylor  University;  A.  B., 
Eastern  Indiana  State  Normal  School;  graduate  work,  Eastern  Indi- 
ana State  Normal  School;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University;  teacher  of 
public  school  music,  Taylor  University,  one  year;  teacher  of  music, 
Central  High  School,  Indiana,  four  years;  music  critic,  Eastern  Indi- 
ana State  Normal  School,  two  years;  present  position  cince  1926; 
Ecole  Normal  De  Musique,  Paris;  student  of  Nadai  Bonlanger.  Miss 
Campbell  is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.  and  the  K.  E.  A.  At  present 
she  is  assistant  professor  of  music. 

CARTER,  ASHBY  B.  Diploma.  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  student,  University  of  Richmond,  University  of  Virginia, 
Virginia  Mechanical  Institute;  graduate  student,  George  Peabody 
College  for  Teachers,  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University,  LTniver- 
sity of  Kentucky;  B.  S.  and  M.  S.,  George  Peabody;  rural  teacher, 
Virginia  schools,  two  years:  high  school  principal,  Virginia  schools, 
two  years;  teacher  of  agriculture  and  manual  training.  Tennessee 
high  school,  four  years;  contributor  to  agriculture  journals.  Mr.  Car- 
ter is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  Kentucky  Academy  of 
Science,  American  Country  Life  Association,  Phi  Delta  Kappa.  He 
taught  science  at  Eastern  from  1920  to  1924;  biology  teacher  and  di- 
rector of  farm,  1924  to  192S;  agriculture  and  sanitary  science  192S  to 
1930.     Since  192S  he  has  been  associate  professor  of  agriculture. 

CASE,  EMMA  Y.  Student,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  B.,  East- 
ern Kentucky  State  Normal  School  and  Teachers  College;  M.  A., 
Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  rural  school  teacher,  two  years; 
graded  school  teacher,  two  years;  teacher,  Tucumari  City  School, 
Tucumari,  New  Mexico,  one  year;  principal,  high  schools  in  Kentucky, 
four  years;  from  1925  to  1929  critic  teacher  at  Eastern:  1929  to  1932 
rural  education  teacher;  since  1932  Dean  of  AVomen;  member  of 
K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  Kentucky  Association  for  Deans  of  Women,  Na- 
tional Association  Deans  of  Women,  and  American  Association  of 
LTniversity  Women. 

CLARK,  ROY  B.  Diploma,  State  Normal  School.  Kearney,  Ne- 
braska; A.  B.,  University  of  Nebraska;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University; 
Ph.  D.,  Columbia  University;  rural  teacher,  one  year;  principal  of 
ten-grade  village  school,  Homer,  Nebraska,  four  years;  superintendent 
of  standard  twelve-grade  school,   Sutherland,   Iowa,   one-half  year;    as- 


276  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

sistant  professor  of  English,  State  Normal  School,  Chadron,  Nebraska, 
seven  and  one-half  years;  professor  of  English,  State  Normal  School, 
Natchitoches,  Louisiana,  two  years;  lecturer  in  English,  Columbia 
University,  one  semester;  instructor  in  English,  New  Jamestown, 
North  Dakota,  two  years;  head  of  English  department  and  professor 
of  English  at  Eastern  since  1926.  Member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Mod- 
ern Language  Association,  Sigma  Tau  Delta,  professional  English 
fraternity,  Graduate  English  Union  of  Columbia  University,  National 
Educational  Association,  and  Kentucky  Education  Association. 

COX,  MEREDITH  J.  Diploma,  Warren  Academy;  B.  S.  and 
M.  A.,  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  two  semester's  graduate  work, 
Columbia  University  and  University  of  Wisconsin;  principal,  Hodgen- 
ville  High  School:  instructor  in  science  and  coach,  Hattiesburg  High 
School,  two  years;  professor  of  chemistry,  Berea  College,  one  year; 
present  position  since  1924;  author  of  several  articles  on  chemistry 
and  related  subjects;  additional  graduate  work,  Duke  University  and 
George  Peabody;  member  of  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  and  Phi  Delta  Kappa. 
At  present  Mr.  Cox  is  professor  of  chemistry. 

CUFF,  NOEL  B.  B.  S.,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  George  Peabody  College 
for  Teachers;  teacher  of  Spanish,  David  Lipscomb  College,  two  years; 
teacher  of  English,  Freed-Hardeman  College,  one  year;  principal, 
county  high  school,  Davidson  County,  Tennessee,  two  years;  teacher 
of  psychology,  Appalachain  State  Normal  School,  Boone,  North  Car- 
olina, two  summer  sessions;  teacher  of  psychology,  David  Lipscomb 
College,  two  years.  He  is  a  member  of  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  American 
Psychology  Association,  A.  A.  A.  S.,  Southern  Society  of  Philosophy 
and  Psychology,  Midwestern  Psychology  Association,  Kentucky  Acad- 
emy of  Science,  Pi  Gamma  Mu  and  Phi  Delta  Kappa;  author  of  sev- 
eral articles  on  general  educational,  experimental,  and  child  psy- 
chology. Doctor  Cuff  has  been  at  Eastern  since  192S.  He  is  professor 
of  educational  psychology. 

DENISTON,  N.  G.  B.  M.  T.,  Valparaiso  University;  student. 
Stout  Institute;  student,  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology;  B.  S., 
Bradley  Polytechnic  Institute;  graduate  work,  University  of  Chicago; 
life  certificate  in  Montana  and  North  Carolina;  supervisor  of  Manual 
Training,  Livingston,  Montana,  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana,  and  Mobile, 
Alabama;  head  of  department  of  industrial  arts,  Stanley  McCormick 
School,  Burnsville,  North  Carolina;  head  of  manual  arts  department, 
Mississippi  Normal  College,  Hattiesburg,  Mississippi;  present  posi- 
tion since  1919;  leave  of  absence,  192S  to  1929  with  La  Verne  Noyes 
scholarship;  M.  S.,  Kansas  State  College  for  Teachers  of  Pittsburg. 
He  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1919.  At  present  he  is  associate  profes- 
sor  of  industrial  arts.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  American 
Vocational   Association,   Western   Arts  Association,  and   Phi   Sigma   Pi. 

DERRICK,  LUCILLE.  B.  S.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teacers 
College;    M.    A.,    George   Peabody   College    for   Teachers;    secretary    to 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  277 

director  of  research,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College,  1931 
to  1932;  since  1934,  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  and  assistant 
to  director  of  research.  She  is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A., 
Kappa  Delta  Pi,  and  Pi  Omega  Pi. 

DIX,  RUTH.  Teacher's  diploma,  Bradley  Polytechnic  Institute; 
one  year  and  one  summer  term,  University  of  Illinois;  B.  S.,  Bradley 
Polytechnic  Institute;  A.  M.,  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University; 
teacher  of  home  economics,  high  school,  Colfax,  Illinois,  two  years; 
city  supervisor,  township  high  school,  Pana,  Illinois,  three  years; 
home  demonstration  agent,  Hendricks  County,  Indiana,  two  years; 
present  position  since  1923.  At  present,  associate  professor  of  home 
economics.  She  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  and  the  Home 
Economics  Association. 

DORRIS,  J.  T.  Diploma,  Zanarian  Art  College;  A.  B.,  Illinois 
College;  A.  M.,  University  of  Wisconsin;  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Illinois; 
rural  teacher,  two  years;  Business  College,  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  one 
year;  tutor  in  Whipple  Academy,  Ave  years;  high  school  principal 
and  superintendent  in  Illinois,  twelve  years;  teaching  fellowship  in 
history,  University  of  Illinois,  two  and  one  half  years;  instructor, 
State  Normal  School,  Minot,  N.  D.,  ten  weeks;  instructor,  State  Nor- 
mal University,  Normal,  Illinois,  twelve  weeks.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Historical  Association,  Mississippi  Valley  Historical  As- 
sociation, Southern  Historical  Association,  Illinois  Historical  Society, 
Kentucky  Historical  Society,  Filson  Club,  Madison  County  Historical 
Society,  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Science,  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  and 
Pi  Gamma  Mu;  author  of  several  articles  in  history  and  government; 
sponsoring  committee,  Education  and  Race  Relations;  member  of 
Daniel  Boone  Bicentennial  Commission  and  Pioneer  National  Park  As- 
sociation. Dr.  Dorris  has  been  with  Eastern  since  1926.  At  present 
he  is  professor  of  history  and  government. 

EDWARDS,  R.  A.  A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  Colum- 
bia University;  taught  four  sessions  in  rural  schools  of  Graves  and 
Calloway  counties;  principal  of  Trimble  County  High  School  and 
Bedford  Graded  School,  1910  to  1918;  present  position  since  191S; 
student  in  summer  schools  of  University  of  Minnesota,  University  of 
Tennessee,  and  Peabody  College.  At  present,  Mr.  Edwards  is  profes- 
sor of  education  and  director  of  training  school.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  N.  E.  A.,  National  Society  for  Supervisors  of  Student  Teaching, 
and  the  K.  E.  A. 

ENGLE,  FRED  A.  A.  A.,  Cumberland  College;  A.  B..  University 
of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  University  of  Kentucky;  two  years  of  additional 
graduate  work,  University  of  Kentucky;  rural  teacher,  three  years; 
principal  of  graded  school  of  Knox  County,  Kentucky,  three  years; 
principal  of  Corbin  High  School,  six  years;  teacher  of  biology,  Win- 
chester High  School,  one  and  one  half  years;  teacher,  Cumberland 
College,   one   semester;    teacher,    Sue   Bennett    College,    London,    Ken- 


278  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

tucky,  one  semester;  member  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  Phi  Delta  Kappa, 
and  Kappa  Delta  Pi.  Mr.  Engle  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1928.  At 
present  he  is  assistant  professor  of  mathematics. 

FARRIS,  JACOB  D.  Diploma,  Western  Kentucky  State  Normal 
School  and  Teachers  College;  student,  University  of  Chicago,  one  year; 
A.  M.,  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  M.  D.,  Vanderbilt  University; 
assistant  principal,  Columbia  High  School,  two  years;  principal,  New 
Market  High  School,  Alabama,  four  years;  teacher,  industrial  arts, 
Nashville  Public  Schools,  four  years.  Dr.  Farris  is  a  member  of  Phi 
Beta  Pi,  medical  fraternity,  Alpha  Omega  Alpha,  honorary  medical 
fraternity;  the  N.  E.  A.  and  the  K.  E.  A.  Since  192S  he  has  been 
college  physician  at  Eastern. 

FERRILL,  D.  THOMAS.  A.  B.,  Duke  University;  A.  M.,  Duke 
University;  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  Ireland,  four  months;  A.  M., 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University;  two  years  additional  graduate 
work,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  instructor  in  American 
army  post  school  four  months;  principal,  Alexis  Graded  School,  Gas- 
ton County,  N.  C,  two  years;  instructor  in  history,  Trinity  Park 
School,  two  years;  principal,  Bethesda  High  School,  Durham  County, 
North  Carolina,  three  years;  assistant  in  education,  Duke  University, 
two  years;  professor  of  physchology  and  education.  East  Carolina 
Teachers  College,  summer  term,  192G.  Mr.  Ferrill  is  a  member  of 
the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  and  Phi  Delta  Kappa.  He  has  been  at  Eastern 
since  1927.     At  present  he  is  associate  professor  of  education. 

FLOYD,  MARY.  Diploma  and  A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Teachers  College;  A.  M.,  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University; 
three  terms  of  graduate  work,  University  of  Chicago;  teacher,  graded 
school,  Louisville,  four  years;  principal,  graded  school,  Florida,  one 
year;  instructor  in  history,  Somerset  High  School  and  coach  of 
debate  team  that  won  second  place  in  state  contest,  1924;  B.  S.  in 
Library  Service,  Columbia  University;  from  1925  to  1929,  teacher  of 
history  and  English  at  Eastern:  since  1929  associate  professor  of  his- 
tory and  librarian.  Miss  Floyd  is  author  of  several  articles  on  his- 
tory and  library  science.  She  is  a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  Kentucky 
Library  Association  (director  1933-35),  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  and  the 
A.   A.   U.   W. 

FORD,  EDITH  G.  Diploma,  Louisiana  State  Normal  School, 
Natchitoches,  Louisiana;  B.  C.  S.,  Bowling  Green  Business  University, 
Bowling  Green,  Kentucky;  A.  B.,  George  Washington  University, 
Washington,  D.  C;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky;  city  schools,  Alex- 
andria, Louisiana,  two  years;  high  school,  Beckley,  West  Virginia, 
two  years;  high  school,  Winston  Salem,  North  Carolina,  one  year; 
one  summer  school,  Columbia  University.  Miss  Ford  has  been  at 
Eastern  since  1927.  At  present,  she  is  assistant  professor  of  com- 
merce. She  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  Pi  Omega  Pi,  and 
the   Kentucky   Business   Education   Association. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  279 

FOWLER,  ALLIE.  B.  S.  and  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  teacher,  Somerset  High  School;  teacher,  Western  Kentucky 
State  Teachers  College,  summer  term;  at  Eastern,  since  1932;  at  pres- 
ent, assistant  professor  of  art.  She  is  a  member  of  Kappa  Delta  Pi, 
N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  and  the  Western  Arts  Association. 

GIBSON,  MAUDE.  Graduate,  Lebanon  Normal;  two  years' 
course  in  public  school  art  at  Teachers  College,  Miami  University; 
one  semester  at  School  of  Applied  Design,  New  York;  one  and  one- 
half  semesters  in  art  classes  of  Teachers  College,  Columbia  Univer- 
sity; three  years,  decorator,  Weller  Art  Pottery,  Zanesville,  Ohio; 
one  year,  teacher  at  Clarksville,  Tennessee,  Female  College;  two 
years,  teacher,  Birmingham,  Alabama,  High  School;  Summer  1926, 
studied  great  works  of  art  in  galleries  of  Europe;  present  position 
since  1910.  At  present  Miss  Gibson  is  assistant  professor  of  art.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  and  the  Western  Arts  Associa- 
tion. 

GILL,  ANNA  D.  B.  C.  S..  Bowling  Green  Business  University; 
A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  student,  summer  school,  Gregg  School, 
Chicago,  six  weeks;  University  of  Wisconsin,  twelve  weeks;  Western 
Kentucky  State  Normal  School  and  Teachers  College,  nine  weeks; 
teacher,  high  school,  Mapleton,  Maine,  one  year;  head  of  commercial 
department,  Elkins  High  School,  Elkins,  West  Virginia,  seven  years; 
present  position  since  1928;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky;  one  se- 
mester additional  graduate  work,  Columbia  University.  Miss  Gill  is 
a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  Department  of  Business  Education, 
Southern  Business  Education  Association,  Kentucky  Business  Educa- 
tion Association,  A.  A.  U.  W.,  Kappa  Delta  Pi,  Pi  Omega  Pi.  She  is 
the  author  of  articles  on  business  education.  Since  1930,  she  has 
been  assistant  professor   of  commerce   at   Eastern. 

GUMBERT,  GEORGE.  B.  S.  and  M.  S.,  University  of  Kentucky; 
one  summer  term  additional  graduate  work,  University  of  Kentucky; 
four  months'  officer  in  Material  School;  commissioned  ensign  U.  S.  N. 
during  World  War;  seven  years,  experience  in  Smith-Hughes  agricul- 
ture in  Crittenden,  Calloway,  and  Fayette  counties,  Kentucky;  in- 
structor in  agriculture,  Eastern  Kentucky  Normal  School,  1922.  Mr. 
Gumbert  is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  Alpha  Zeta.  He  has 
been  with  Eastern  since  1925,  and  is  at  present  assistant  professor 
of   Agriculture. 

HANSEN,  MAY  C.  Graduate,  Oshkosk  State  Teachers  College; 
student,  University  of  Chicago;  student,  Columbia  University:  B.  S., 
George  Peabody  College;  M.  A.,  Columbia  University;  teacher,  rural 
schools  of  Wisconsin,  two  years;  teacher,  public  schools,  Washburn, 
Wisconsin,  three  years;  teacher,  public  school.  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin, 
three  years.  Miss  Hansen  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1912.  At  pres- 
ent she  is  associate  professor  of  education.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  A.  C.  E.,  and  A.  A.  U.  W. 


280  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

HEMBREE,  GEORGE  N.  Student,  Eastern  Kentucky  State 
Teachers  College,  one  year;  B.  C.  S.,  Bowling  Green  Business  Univer- 
sity; rural  teacher,  two  years,  undergraduate  work,  University  of 
Illinois,  two  summers;  undergraduate  work,  Peahody  College  for 
Teachers,  one  summer  session;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  National  Physical  Education 
Association,  and  the  Kentucky  Physical  Education  Association. 
1920-22,  he  was  director  of  athletics  and  teacher  of  commerce  at  East- 
ern; 1922-192S,  physical  education;  192S-30,  director  of  athletics. 
Since  1930  he  has  been  assistant  professor  of  health  and  physical 
education. 

HERNDON,  T.  C.  B.  S.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M..  Pea- 
body  College  for  Teachers;  one  year,  graduate  student,  University  of 
Chicago;  two  years,  graduate  student,  Peabody  College  for  Teachers; 
some  time  teacher  at  Bethel  College,  Russellville,  Kentucky;  instruc- 
tor, Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  M.  A.  and  Ph.  D.,  George  Peabody 
College  for  Teachers.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  Amer- 
ican Chemical  Society,  Alpha  Chi  Sigma  (Chemical  fraternity).  Phi 
Delta  Kappa,  and  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science.  During  192S-29 
Mr.  Herndon  was  a  substitute  teacher  at  Eastern.  Since  1930  he  has 
been  professor  of  chemistry. 

HOOD,  GERTRUDE  M.  A.  B.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  A.  M., 
Columbia  University;  physical  education  and  English,  State  Normal 
and  Industrial  School,  Ellendale,  North  Dakota,  1927-2S.  Miss  Hood 
is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  N.  A.  A.  F.,  Women's  Division, 
A.  A.  U.  W.,  A.  P.  E.  A.  Since  1927  she  has  been  assistant  professor 
of  health  and  physical  education  at  Eastern. 

HOUNCHELL,  SAUL.  A.  B.,  Dension  University;  M.  A.  and  Ph. 
D.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers.  From  1916  to  1932  Mr. 
Hounchell  was  teacher  and  principal  at  Oneida  Institute,  in  the  Ken- 
tucky mountains.  He  was  instructor  in  the  English  department  at 
Eastern  in  the  spring  of  1934;  and  instructor  in  English  at  East 
Texas  State  Teachers  College  in  the  summer  of  1934.  Since  1934  he 
has  been  assistant  professor  of  English  at  Eastern.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  K.  E.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  the  National  Council  of  Teachers  of  English, 
Phi  Delta  Kappa,  and   Kappa  Delta  Pi. 

HUGHES,  ELIZA.  Diploma,  New  Haven  Normal  School  of  Gym- 
nastics; three  summer  terms,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  B..  Eastern; 
A.  M.,  Columbia  University;  supervision  and  physical  education.  Paris 
City  Schools,  Paris,  Kentucky,  three  years;  physical  education  teacher 
at  Eastern  1923-24;  studied  at  Doris  Humphrey-Charles  Weidman 
School  of  Modern  Dance,  summer  1935;  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.  and 
the  K.  E.  A.  Since  1927  Miss  Hughes  has  been  with  the  health  and 
physical  education  department  at  Eastern.  At  present  she  is  assist- 
ant  professor  of  health  and  physical  education. 

HUGHES.  CHARLES  T.    Diploma,  Morton-Elliott  Junior  College; 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  281 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  coach,  Harlan  High  School,  two 
years;  principal  and  head  coach,  Harlan  High  School,  one  year;  M.  A., 
University  of  Michigan;  1929-34,  coach  at  Eastern;  1934-35,  coach  and 
physical  education  teacher.  He  is  a  member  of  Phi  Delta  Kappa, 
N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  and  the  National  Health  and  P.  E.  Association. 
At   present   Mr.   Hughes   is   assistant  professor   of  physical   education. 

HUMMELL,  ARNIM  DEAN.  B.  S.,  Knox  College;  M.  S.,  and 
Ph.  D.,  University  of  Illinois;  part-time  instructor  in  physics,  University 
of  Illinois,  one  year.  He  held  the  Knox  College,  Illinois,  scholarship 
for  graduate  work  at  the  University  of  Illinois,  and  was  fellow  at  the 
University  of  Illinois.  He  is  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Epsilon 
Chi  Sigma,  Gamma  Alpha,  American  Physics  Society,  American  Asso- 
ciation of  Physics  Teachers,  IT.  U.  A.  S.,  Kentucky  Academy  of 
Sciences,  N.  E.  A.,  and  K.  E.  A.  He  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1929 
and  is  professor  of  physics. 

JONES,  W.  C.  B.  S.,  East  Texas  State  Teachers  College;  A.  M., 
Colorado  State  Teachers  College;  Ph.  D.,  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  principal,  Wiley  High  School,  Wiley,  Colorado,  two  years. 
He  was  teacher  of  mathematics  at  Eastern,  1926;  chemistry,  1926-27; 
mathematics,  1927-28;  principal,  Normal  School  and  head  of  depart- 
ment of  mathematics,  192S-31;  director  of  research  and  professor  of 
education,  1931-34.  Since  1934  Dr.  Jones  has  been  Dean  of  the  fac- 
ulty, director  of  research,  and  professor  of  education.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  Phi  Delta  Kappa  and  Kappa  Delta  Pi. 

KEENE,  W.  L.     Diploma,  Middle  Tennessee  State  Normal  School; 

B.  S.  and  M.  A.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  rural  teacher, 
three  years;  principal,  consolidated  elementary  and  county  high 
school,  Liberty,  Tennessee,  two  years;  summer  school  instructor.  Mid- 
dle Tennessee  State  Teachers  College,  1925-26;  two  years  of  additional 
graduate  work,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers.  Mr.  Keene  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  E.  A.  and  the  N.  E.  A.  He  has  been  at  Eastern 
since  1926.     At  present  he  is  associate  professor  of  English. 

KEITH,  CHARLES  A.  Student.  University  of  Arkansas  and  the 
University  of  Texas;  B.  A.,  Oxford  University,  England.  1911;  M.  A., 
Oxford  University,  1920;  honorary  Doctor  of  Pedagogy,  Ohio  Northern 
University,  1926;  one  year  and  two  summer  terms'  additional  graduate 
work,  Indiana  University,  1926-27;  two  years,  rural  teacher,  Clark  and 
Howard  counties,  Arkansas;  one  year,  head  of  history  department, 
Little  Rock  High  School.  Arkansas;  one  summer  term,  acting  head  of 
history  department,  Western  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College,  Bowling 
Green;  one  summer  term,  lecturer  historical  subjects,  Ohio  Northern 
University.  Mr.  Keith  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1912.  At  present  he  is 
professor  of  history  and  government,  head  of  the  social  science  depart- 
ment, and  dean  of  men.  He  is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.  and  the 
K.  E.  A.,  and  is  past  president  of  the  K.  E.  A.  For  a  number  of  sea- 
sons he  was  a  lecturer  on  the  Redpath  Chautauqua. 


282  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

KENNAMER,  L.  G.  A.  B.,  Simmons  University,  Texas;  B.  S, 
M.  A.,  and  Ph.  D.,  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  student, 
University  of  Wisconsin,  one  year;  professor,  Abilene  Christian  Col- 
lege, six  years;  professor  of  science,  David  Lispcomb  College,  one 
year;  teacher  of  geography,  Sam  Houston  State  Teachers  College, 
Huntsville,  Texas,  summer  session;  bursar  and  registrar,  Abilene 
College,  three  years;  assistant  in  geography  department,  George  Pea- 
body  College,  two  years.  Dr.  Kennamer  is  a  member  of  Pi  Gamma 
Mu,  Phi  Beta  Phi,  Kappa  Delta  Pi,  Phi  Delta  Kappa,  the  National 
Council  of  Geography  Teachers,  the  Kentucky  Council  of  Geography, 
the  Southern  Council  of  Geography,  the  N.  E.  A.,  the  K.  E.  A.,  the 
Texas  Educational  Association,  the  Southern  Historical  Association, 
and  sponsor  of  the  World  Affairs  Club.  He  has  been  at  Eastern  since 
1928.     At  present  he  is  professor  of  geography. 

KOHL,  LILY  E.  B.  S.,  Tri-State  University;  M.  S.,  University  of 
Chicago.  Miss  Kohl  is  a  member  of  the  American  Home  Economics 
Association,  American  Dietetics  Association,  State  Home  Economics 
Association,  State  Dietetics  Association,  Regional  Dietetics  Associa- 
tion, K.  E.  A.  and  the  N.  E.  A.  Since  1934  she  has  been  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  home  economics  and  manager  of  the  cafetaria  at  Eastern. 

KRICK,  HARRIETTE  V.  A.  B.,  Hiram  College;  Ph.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago.  Dr.  Krick  is  a  member  of  the  American  Association 
for  Advancement  of  Science;  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  Kentucky 
Educational  Association,  National  Education  Association,  and  So- 
ciety of  Sigma  Xi.  Dr.  Krick  attended  the  summer  session,  1935,  of 
the  University  College,  Southampton,  England;  summer  session,  1935, 
of  The  International  People's  College,  Elsinore,  Denmark.  She  has 
unpublished  personal  research  work  at  the  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, London,  England  and  Paris,  France.  Since  1930  she  has  been 
Associate  Professor  of  biology  at  Eastern. 

LUTES,  MRS.  HELEN  H.  Diploma  in  music,  Ohio  State  Teach- 
ers College;  B.  Mus.,  University  of  Michigan.  Mrs.  Lutes  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Sigma  Alpha  Iota  (Professional  Music  Fraternity  for  Women); 
Phi  Sigma  Nu  (Honorary  Musical  Fraternity);  and  the  National  Mu- 
sic Association.  Since  1931,  Mrs.  Lutes  has  been  assistant  professor 
of  music  at  Eastern. 

McDONOUGH,  T.  E.  Diploma,  La  Crosse  Teachers  College; 
student,  Columbia  University,  one  year;  B.  S.  and  A.  M.,  George  Pea- 
body  College  for  Teachers;  director  of  physical  education  and  coach, 
Bluff  ton  City  Schools,  Indiana,  one  year;  supervisor  of  physical  edu- 
cation, city  schools,  Milwaukee,  three  years;  student  instructor,  Col- 
umbia I'niversity,  one  year;  student  instructor,  Peabody  College  and 
Peabody  Demonstration  School,  three  years;  director  of  Life  Boys 
Camp,  New  York,  two  years;  dean  of  Scoutmasters  School,  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  two  years;  first  aid  instructor,  American  National 
Red    Cross,   eight   years.      He   is   a    member   of   Alpha    Sigma   Phi,   Phi 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  283 

Delta  Kappa,  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  National  Physical  Education  Asso- 
ciation (Secretary  Southern  Section  National  Physical  Education  As- 
sociation, 1929),  and  Kentucky  Health  and  Physical  Education  Asso- 
ciation. He  has  been  a  football  and  basketball  official  for  15  years. 
Mr.  McDonough  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1928.  At  present  he  is 
associate  professor  of  health  and  physical  education. 

McKINNEY,  MARY  F.  Diploma,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Nor- 
mal School  and  Teachers  College;  B.  S.  and  M.  A.,  George  Peabody 
College  for  Teachers;  principal,  independent  graded  school  and  high 
school,  Clark  County,  Kentucky,  four  years;  critic  teacher  in  geog- 
raphy and  mathematics,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College, 
three  years.  Miss  McKinney  is  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Council 
of  Geography  Teachers,  National  Council  of  Geography  Teachers, 
National  Geographic  Society,  K.  E.  A.,  and  N.  E.  A.  She  is  the  spon- 
sor of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  at  Eastern.  She  has 
been  at  Eastern  since  1923.  At  present  she  is  associate  professor  of 
geography. 

MASON,  FRANCES.  A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers 
College;  A.  B.  in  Library  Science,  Emory  University.  Miss  Mason  is 
a  member  of  N.  E.  A.,  and  K.  E.  A.,  and  the  Kentucky  Library  Asso- 
ciation. She  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1931.  At  present  she  is  as- 
sistant librarian,  in  charge  of  the  children's  library. 

MATTOX,  MELVIN  E.  Diploma,  Mississippi  State  Normal  School; 
B.  S.  and  A.  M.,  Peabody  College;  three  quarters  of  additional  graduate 
work,  Peabody  College;  rural  teacher,  one  year;  principal  of  village 
and  consolidated  schools,  five  years;  instructor,  Mississippi  State 
Normal,  two  summers;  professor  in  education,  University  of  South 
Carolina,  one  summer;  superintendent  of  training  school,  Eastern 
Kentucky  State  Teachers  College,  one  year.  Mr.  Mattox  is  a  member 
of  the  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  A.  A.  C.  R.,  N.  I.  T.  P.  A.,  A.  K.  R,  Phi 
Delta  Kappa,  and  Kappa  Delta  Pi.  He  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1924. 
At  present  he  is  professor  of  education,  registrar,  and  director  of  ex- 
tension. 

MEBANE,  ELEANOR.  A.  B.,  University  of  Indiana;  M.  A., 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  student,  Art  Institution  of 
Chicago,  one  year;  student,  Chicago  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  two  years; 
student,  Art  Student's  League,  New  York,  one  year;  student,  New 
York  School  of  Fine  and  Applied  Arts,  four  months;  student,  Penn- 
sylvania Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  two  years;  summer  school  of  Modern 
Art,  Chatham,  Massachusetts,  one  month;  pupil  of  Henry  Snell,  sum- 
mer sketch  class,  1934.  Miss  Mebane  is  a  member  of  Phi  Beta 
Kappa,  the  K.  E.  A.  and  the  N.  E.  A.  She  has  been  at  Eastern  since 
1931.     At  present  she  is  assistant  professor  of  art. 

MOORE,  W.  J.  Diploma,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Normal  and 
Teachers  College;  A.  B.,  A.  M.,  and  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Kentucky; 
two  years,  College  of  Law,  University  of  Kentucky;   rural  teacher  five 


284  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

years;  principal,  Corinth  Independent  Graded  School,  two  years; 
principal,  Clay  County  High  School,  Manchester,  Kentucky,  four  and 
a  half  years;  superintendent,  Midway  Public  Schools,  Midway,  Ken- 
tucky, two  and  one-half  years;  member  of  the  lower  house  of  Ken- 
tucky General  Assembly,  1924.  Dr.  Moore  is  a  member  of  Perry's 
Victory  Memorial  Commission,  Phi  Delta  Phi,  Phi  Delta  Kappa,  Kappa 
Delta  Pi,  Pi  Omega  Pi,  Square  and  Compass,  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  K.,  the 
American  Economic  Association,  the  American  Political  Science  Associ- 
ation, the  Southern  Economic  Association,  the  Southern  Business  Edu- 
cation Association,  the  Kentucky  Business  Education  Association,  the 
Royal  Economic  Society,  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Science,  and 
the  Madison  County  Historical  Association.  In  1935  he  was  the  Repub- 
lican nominee  for  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  Ken- 
tucky. He  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1928,  and  is  at  present  profes- 
sor of  economics. 

MURBACH,  MRS.  JANET.  A.  B.,  Oberlin  College;  A.  M.,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky;  graduate  student,  University  of  Paris,  France; 
student,  summer  session,  University  of  California;  teacher  of  French, 
Archbold  High  School,  Ohio,  two  years;  teacher  of  French,  University 
of  Kentucky,  one  year;  one  year,  graduate  study  at  University  of 
Toulouse,  France.  Mrs.  Murbach  is  a  member  of  Beta  Phi  Sorority, 
Modern  Language  Association,  and  the  American  Association  of 
Teachers  of  French.  She  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1929.  At  present 
she  is  associate  professor  of  French. 

MURPHY,  MARY  C.  A.  B.,  Jamestown  College;  M.  M.  (music), 
Northwestern  University;  state  winner  of  At  water-Kent  radio  contest 
in  North  Dakota  in  1930  and  again  in  1932;  leading  role  in  several 
grand  operas  at  Jamestown  College;  Faust,  II  Trovatore,  and  La  Tra- 
viata;  judge  and  critic  at  several  state  music  meets  in  1931-32;  solo- 
ist in  Northwestern  University,  A  Cappella  Choir,  1933-34;  member 
of  Chicago  A  Cappella  Choir  under  Noble  Cain;  broadcaster  for 
N.  B.  C;  soloist  on  several  radio  programs;  teacher  of  music  at 
Eastern  since  1934. 

O'DONNELL,  W.  F.  A.  B.,  Transylvania  College;  M.  A..  Colum- 
bia University;  fourteen  years,  superintendent  at  Carrollton,  Ken- 
tucky; superintendent  of  Richmond  City  Schools  since  1926;  member 
of  the  K.  E.  A,  and  N.  E.  A.;  superinendent  of  student  teaching  1935 
to  1936.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Kentucky  Athletic  Association 
since  192S,  and  president  of  the  Central  Kentucky  Educational  As- 
sociation, 1935-36. 

PARK,  SMITH.  B.  S.,  in  mechanical  and  electrical  engineering, 
University  of  Kentucky;  M.  S.  and  Ph.  D.,  University  of  Kentucky; 
traffic  engineer,  New  York  Telephone  Company,  one  year.  Dr.  Park  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Mathematical  Society,  the  American  Mathe- 
matical Association  (chairman  of  Kentucky  section,  1932-36),  Phi 
Beta    Kappa,   and    Phi    Mu    Epsilon.      He   was   a    member    of   the    1926 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  285 

session  of  the  Kentucky  General  Assembly.  He  is  co-inventor  of  an 
instrument  for  the  determination  of  the  center  ocular  rotation  of  the 
human  eye.  From  1923  to  1928  he  was  physics  teacher  at  Eastern. 
Since  192S  he  has  been  professor  of  mathematics. 

RANKIN,  ROME.  Diploma,  University  of  Michigan,  School  of 
Physical  Education;  diploma,  University  of  Notre  Dame  Coaching 
School;  A.  B.,  Waynesburg  College;  M.  A.,  University  of  Michigan; 
student,  Muskingum  College;  additional  graduate  work,  University  of 
Michigan;  member  of  Phi  Delta  Kappa  and  Sigma  Delta  Psi;  coach 
and  athletic  director  at  Eastern,  1935  to  1936. 

RICHARDS,  R.  R.  Graduate,  Normal  School  Department,  Berea 
College;  undergraduate  student,  University  of  Kentucky,  one  semes- 
ter; A.  B.,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College;  principal  of 
school  and  athletic  director,  Kentucky  Houses  of  Reform,  two  years; 
education  director,  Kentucky  Houses  of  Reform,  two  years;  graduate 
student,  University  of  Kentucky;  M.  B.  A.,  College  of  Business  Ad- 
ministration, Boston  University;  student,  College  of  Law,  Boston  Uni- 
versity; director,  radio  broadcast;  member  of  Pi  Omega  Pi,  N.  E.  A., 
K.  E.  A.,  C.  K.  D.  A.,  Southern  Commercial  Teachers  Association,  and 
the  National  Association  of  Marketing  Teachers.  Mr.  Richards  has 
been  with  Eastern  since  1929.  At  present  he  is  assistant  professor 
of  commerce. 

RUMBOLD,  DEAN  W.  B.  S.,  University  of  Buffalo;  student, 
University  of  Wisconsin,  one  year;  Ph.  D.,  Duke  University;  under- 
graduate assistant,  University  of  Buffalo,  two  years;  graduate  assist- 
ant in  general  zoology,  University  of  Wisconsin,  one  year;  teaching 
fellow,  Duke  University,  two  years;  instructor,  biology  courses,  Sea- 
shore summer  school,  Duke  University,  1927;  instructor,  Culver  Mil- 
itary Academy,  summer  session.  Dr.  Rumbold  is  a  member  of  Phi 
Sigma,  Chi  Beta  Phi,  A.  A.  A.  S.,  American  Society  of  Parasitologists, 
American  Ecological  Society,  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  Ken- 
tucky Academy  of  Visual  Education,  K.  E.  A.  and  the  N.  E.  A.  He 
has  been  at  Eastern  since  192S.     At  present  he  is  professor  of  biology. 

RUSH,  RUBY.  Graduate,  Virginia  Intermont  College,  Bristol,  Vir- 
ginia; A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky;  A.  M.,  Columbia  University; 
rural  teacher,  one  year;  teacher,  high  schools  of  Kentucky,  four  years; 
teacher,  Latin  and  English,  high  school,  Madison,  Florida,  two  years; 
critic  teacher  in  training  school  from  1926-34;  since  1934  assistant 
professor  of  Latin  and  supervising  teacher  in  model  high  school. 

SAMUELS,  T.  C.  Ph.  C.  and  B.  S.,  University  of  Michigan;  phys- 
ical education  teacher  and  athletic  coach  at  Eastern  1934-35;  assist- 
ant  coach,    1935-36. 

SCHNIEB,  ANNA  A.  Diploma.  Indiana  State  Normal  School  and 
Teachers  College;  student,  Indiana  University,  one  year;  A.  B.  and 
M.  A.,  Columbia  University;  diploma,  education  and  psychology, 
Teachers    College,    Columbia    University;     additional    graduate    work, 


286  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Columbia  University  and  University  of  Chicago;  Ph.  D.,  University 
of  Vienna;  six  months'  travel  in  Europe;  city  teacher;  assistant 
principal,  city  normal;  head  of  department  of  education  and  psychol- 
ogy, Williams  Woods  College,  Fulton,  Missouri;  education  and  psy- 
chology, State  Teachers  College,  Cape  Girardeau,  Missouri.  Dr.  Schnieb 
is  a  member  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  the  K.  E.  A.,  A.  A.  A.  S.,  National  Asso- 
ciation of  College  Teachers  of  Education,  A.  A.  U.  W.,  American  Fed- 
eration of  Arts,  and  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science.  She  is  author 
of  several  articles  on  education,  and  psychology.  She  organized  the 
Kentucky  Junior  Academy  of  Science,  and  is  editor  of  its  Bulletin. 
Dr.  Schnieb  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1923,  and  it  at  present  asso- 
ciate  professor   of   education. 

SMITH,  G.  D.  Student,  Muskingum  College,  one  year;  A.  B.,  and 
Honorary  M.  A.,  Ohio  Northern  College;  B.  S.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  College; 
student,  summer  sessions  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan;  Ohio  State  Biolog- 
ical Laboratory,  Cedar  Point,  Ohio;  Carnegie  Biological  Laboratory, 
Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts;  superintendent  of  village  schools  in  Ohio 
six  years;  head  of  science  department,  Central  High  School,  Akron, 
Ohio;  D.  Sc,  Ohio  Northern  College.  Mr.  Smith  came  to  Eastern  in 
1908.     At  present  he  is  associate  professor  of  biology. 

STONE,  THOMAS.  Mus.  B.,  Oberlin;  one  year,  additional  work. 
La  Follette  School  of  Music,  New  York;  private  voilin  teaching  in 
Somerset  Hills,  N.  J.;  member  of  Plainfleld,  N.  J.,  Symphony  Society; 
music  director,  St.  Johns  Mine  Mount,  Bernardville,  N.  J.,  member  of 
N.  E.  A.,  and  the  K.  E.  A.  Mr.  Stone  came  to  Eastern  in  1935.  He  is 
teacher  of  violin. 

TELFORD,  BROWN  E.  Diploma,  Greenbriar  College  for  Women; 
two  terms,  Cincinnati  Conservatory  of  Music;  three  terms,  New  York 
School  of  Music  and  Arts;  one  semester,  New  England  Conservatory 
of  Music,  Boston;  instructor  in  piano,  Madison  Institute,  one  year. 
She  is  a  member  of  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  and  the  K.  M.  T.  A.  Miss  Tel- 
ford has  been  at  Eastern  since  1917.  At  present  she  is  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  music  and  teacher  of  piano. 

TYNG,  MRS.  GLADYS.  Diploma,  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Nor- 
mal School  and  Teachers  College;  B.  S.,  George  Peabody  College  for 
Teachers;  one  semester  additional  graduate  work,  George  Peabody 
College  for  Teachers;  M.  A.,  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University; 
teacher  in  elementary  grades,  three  years,  Guthrie  and  Richmond, 
Kentucky.  She  is  a  member  of  the  K.  E.  A.,  and  the  N.  E.  A.  Mrs. 
Tyng  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1920,  and  for  a  while  was  critic  teacher 
in  the  training  school.  At  present  she  is  associate  professor  of 
education. 

VAX  PEURSEM,  JAMES  E.  A.  B.,  Morningside  College;  Music  P.. 
Oberlin  College;  teacher  of  high  school  music  and  English,  Wa- 
konda,  S.  D.,  one  year;  principal  and  orchestra  director.  Wakomla 
High    School,    four    years;    graduate    student,    New    York    University; 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  287 

member  of  K.  B.  0.  A.,  N.  E.  A.,  K.  E.  A.,  K.  M.  T.  A.,  and  M.  E.  N.  C. 
Mr.  Van  Peursem  is  chairman  of  the  Kentucky  Federation  of  Music 
Clubs.  He  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1929.  At  present  he  is  associate 
professor  of  music. 

WHITEHEAD,  MRS.  GUY.  B.  S.,  and  B.  S.  in  Library  Science, 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers;  member  of  American  Library 
Association,  Kentucky  Library  Association,  N.  E.  A.,  and  K.  E.  A. 
Mrs.  Whitehead  has  been  at  Eastern  since  1931.  At  present  she  is  as- 
sistant librarian  in  charge  of  reference. 


D 

PUBLICATION  OF  THE  PRESENT  FACULTY 

Barn  hill,  Mary  E. 

"Kit  Carson,  Child  of  Kentucky" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,   February,   1933. 

"Daniel  Boone  in  Literature" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  September,  1934. 

Buchanan,  Pearl  L. 

Editorials  and  Book  Reviews 

Southwestern  University  Monthly  Journal,  1914-1915. 

"A    Program    of    Speech    Instruction    for    the    Secondary    School", 
City  School  Board,  Muskogee,  Oklahoma,  1920. 

"Dramatics  in  the  High  School" 
Oklahoma  State  Education  Journal,  1919. 

"Lighting  the  School  Play" 

Oklahoma  State  Education  Journal,  1921. 

Editor  of  News  Letter 

Bulletin  of  Southern  Association  of  Teachers  of  Speech,   1932-33, 

1933-34. 

Assistant  editor  of  Speech  Bulletin 

Publication  of  Southern  Association  of  Teachers  of  Speech, 

1935-1936. 

Burrier,  Mary  King 

"Home  Economics  Education" 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review. 

Carter,  Ashby  B. 

Contributed  Chapter  X  to  this  volume. 

Case,  Emma  Y. 

"The  Value  of  Circulars  in  Supervising  the  Teaching  of  Reading" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  January,  1931. 

Clark,  Roy  B. 

"On  Teaching  Composition" 
The  II triangle,  1925. 

"On  Not  Thinking" 
The  Rectangle,  1927. 

William    Gifford    (A    biographical    and    critical    study)     (Ph.    D. 
Thesis),  Columbia  University  Tress,  1930. 

Contributed  Chapter  IX  to  this  volume. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  289 

Beckley,  Sam,  contributor  to  this  volume. 

Cox,  Meredith  J. 

"The  Chemistry  of  Phytolacca  Decandra" 

Chemical  Abstract  American  Chemical  Society,  1923. 

"Quantitative  Study  of  Plant  Alkaloids" 

Chemical  Abstract  American  Chemical  Society,  1924. 

"A  Problem  in  the  Professionalization  of  Subject  Matter" 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  1927. 

"The  Professionalization  of  Subject  Matter  by  Means  of  Halogens" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education.  November,  1931. 

(Co-author) 

"Professional  Training  of  Science  Teachers — a  Comparative  Study" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,  1932. 

"A  Study  of  Mixed  Ketols" 

Transactions  of  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  August,  1932. 

Cuff,  Noel  B. 

"The  Relation  of  Overlearning  to  Retention"    (Ph.  D.  thesis), 
George  Peabody  College  for   Teachers   Contribution  to  Education, 
1927. 

"The  Interpretation  of  Handedness" 
Journal  of  Experimental  Psychology,  1928. 

"The  Law  of  Use" 

Journal  of  Educational  Psychology,  1929. 

"The  Problem  of  Elimination  from  College" 
School  and  Society,  1929. 

"Vocabulary  Tests" 

Journal  of  Educational  Psychology,  1930. 

"Is  the  I.  Q.  Constant?" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  1930. 

"Prognosis  and  Diagnosis  of  Success  in  College" 
Journal  of  Applied  Psychology,  1930. 

"Relation  of  Eyedness  and  Handedness  to  Psychopathic 

Tendencies" 

Journal  of  Genetic  Psychology,  1930. 

"A  Study  of  Eyedness  and  Handedness" 
Journal  of  Experimental  Psychology,  1931. 

"A  Manoptometer" 

American  Journal  of  Psychology,  1930. 

"What  Freshmen  Read  in  College" 
A.  A.  T.  C.  Quarterly,  1931. 

E.  S.  T.  C— 10 


290  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"Scoring  Objective  Tests" 

Journal  of  Educational  Psychology,  1932. 

"Intelligence  Testing  in  Teachers  College-' 
School  and  Society,  1932. 

"The  Need  of  Character  Education" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  1932. 

"Measurement  in  Education" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  1932. 

"Relationship  of   Socio-Economic   Status   to   Intelligence  and 

Scholarship" 

Kentucky  Personnel  Bulletin,  1933. 

"True-False  Tests" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  1933. 

"Review  of  Nightmare,  Witches,  and  Devils"  (by  Ernest  Jones) 
American  Journal  Psychology,  1933. 

Child  Psychology  Workbook 
Edwards  Brothers,   1934. 

"A  New  Way  to  Score  Tests" 
Educational  Method,  1934. 

"Relationship  of  Social  Status  to  Vocabulary" 
Journal  Genetic  Psychology,   1934. 

"The  Vectors  of  Socio-Economic  Status" 
Peaoody  Journal  of  Education,  1934. 

"A  New  Device  for  Scoring  Tests" 

Proceedings  of  the  Thirtieth  Annual  Meeting,  Association  of  Ken- 
tucky Colleges  and  Universities,  1935. 

"A  New  Device  that  Scores  Tests" 
Journal  of  Educational  Psychology,  1935. 

"A  New  Device  for  Scoring  Tests" 
Kentucky  Personnel  Bulletin,   1935. 

"A  New  Device  for  Scoring  Tests" 
Peaoody  Reflector,  1935. 

"A  New  Device  that  Scores  Tests" 

Educational  Review    (Shanghai,  China),  July,   1935,  Vol.  25,  No.  7. 

"A  New  Way  to   Score  Tests" 

Educational  Review   (Shanghai,  China),  1935. 

"Desirable  Study  Habits  in  Grades  Four  to  Twelve" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  1936. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  291 

"Desirable  Study  Habits" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  February,  1936. 

"What  Should  be  Included  in  Educational  Psychology?" 
Journal  of  Educational  Psychology,   1935. 

"Scoring  Intelligence  Tests  by  Weight" 
Journal  of  Applied  Psychology,  1936. 

"Desirable  Study  Habits  in  Grades  Pour  to  Twelve" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  1936. 

Numerous  Abstracts  in  Psychological  Abstracts. 

Derrick,  Lucile,  contributor  to  this  volume. 

Dix,  Ruth 

"Home  Economics  Education  at  Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers 

College" 

Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  November,  1926. 

Donovan,  H.  L. 

A  State's  Elementary  Teacher-Training  Problem, 
Peabody  College  Contribution  No.  11,  1925. 

Supervision  and  Teaching  of  Reading   (co-author), 
Johnson  Publishing  Company,   1927. 

Learning  to  Spell 
Grades  2-8  (co-author), 
Hall  and  McCreary,  1931. 

"School  Publicity" 

Kentucky  High  School  Quarterly,  April,  1924. 

"How  to  Select  Textbooks" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  July,  1924. 

"The  Content  of  Ordinary  Reading" 

The  Elementary  School  Journal,  January,  1925. 

"Minimum  Essentials  in  Elementary  Education" 

"Silent  Reading" 

Journal  of  Educational  Method,  January,  1925. 

"A  Four-Year  Curriculum  for  the  Preparation  of  Elementary 

Teachers" 

Educational  Administration  and  Supervision,  September,  1925. 

"A   Critical   Analysis   of   Kentucky's   Educational    System" 
The  Kentucky  High  School  Quarterly,  Vol.  XII,  January,  1926. 

"An  Elementary  Survey  of  the  Reading  Process" 

The  Kentucky  High  School  Quarterly,  Vol.  XII,   September,  1926. 

"The  Demonstration  Lesson" 

The  Journal  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  November,  1926. 


292  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

"Reading" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  1926. 

"What  do  People  Read?" 

The  Journal  of  Florida  Education  Association,  January,  1927. 

"A  Review  of  Twenty-Three  Sets  of  Elementary  Readers" 

(co-author) 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  4,  No.  6,  May,  1927. 

"Clinical  Studies  in  Reading" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  March,  1928. 

"Use  of  Research  in  the  Teaching  of  Reading" 

The  Elementary  English  Review,  Vol.  5,  No.  4,  April,  1928. 

"The  Elementary  School  Curriculum" 

K.  E.  A.  Journal,  Vol.  7,  No.  4,  December,  1928. 

"The  Duality  of  the  Teachers  College" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  6,  No.  4,  January,  1929. 

"Origin  and  Development   of  the   Elementary   School" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  7,  No.  2,  September,  1929. 

"A  Faculty  Effort  in  the  Improvement  of  College  Teaching" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  7,  No.  5,  March,  1930. 

"Changing  Conceptions  of  College  Teaching" 

Educational  Administration  and  Supervision,  Vol.  16,  No.  6, 

September,    1930. 

"Kentuckiana" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,   October,   1930. 

"Guy  Whitehead   (A  Study  in  Sincerity)" 
K.  E.  A.  Journal,  November,  1930. 

"Problems  of  College  Teaching" 

Bulletin  of  the  Bureau  of  School  Service,  Vol.  3,  December,  1930. 

"The  Twofold  Purpose  of  the  Teachers  College" 

The  Journal  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  Vol.  19,  No.  9,  December,  1930. 

"Who  Cares?" 

Lexington  Herald  and  Louisville  Courier-Journal   (Kentucky  Acad- 
emy of  Social  Science)   Newspaper  Article,  March,  1931. 

"A  Teachers  College  Program  for  1931" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education.  Vol.  S,  No.  5.  March,  1931. 

"The  Teachers  Colleges  in  the  Service  of  the  Commonwealth" 
Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,  Vol.  3,  No.  8,  April,  1931. 

"Is  it    Public  Indifference  or  Lack  of  Information" 
Lexington  Herald  and  Louisville  Courier-Journal  (Kentucky  Acad- 
emy of  Social  Science),  Newspaper  Article,  August,  1931. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  293 

"What  Freshmen  Read  in  a  Teachers  College" 

American   Association    Teachers   College   Quarterly,   Vol.   1,   No.   1, 

September,   1931. 

"Graft  Blamed  on  School  Law" 

Lexington  Herald  and  Louisville  Courier-Journal   (Kentucky  Acad- 
emy of  Social  Science)    Newspaper  Article,   September,   1931. 

"Educating  the  Teacher  for  the  Progressive  Public  School" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education.  Vol.  9,  No.  5,  March,  1932. 

"Are  There  Too  Many  Teachers  in  Kentucky?" 

Peabocly  Reflector  and  Alumni  News,  Vol.  5,  No.  4,  April,  1932. 

"Higher  Education  in  Kentucky" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,  Vol.  4,  No.  12,  August,  1932. 

"Are  Teachers  Colleges  a  Menace?     A  Reply" 

Educational   Administration   and.   Supervision,   Vol.    18,   No.   8, 

November,  1932. 

"Intelligence  Testing  in  Teachers  Colleges  (co-author) 
School  and  Society,  Vol.  36,  No.  939,  December  24,  1932. 

"Study  Habits  of  College  Students"  (co-author) 

Proceedings  of  the  Association  of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools 

of  the  Southern  States,  1932. 

"Education  for  a  Changing  Civilization" 

Peabocly  Reflector  and  Alumni  Neivs,  Vol.  6,  No.  5,  June,  1933. 

"The  Ability  of  College  Students  to  Predict  their  Grades" 

(co-author) 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  11,  No.  1,  July,  1933. 

"Teacher  Training  for  the  New  Age" 

Educational  Administration  and  Supervision,  Vol.  19,  No.  8, 

November,   1933. 

"Aims  and  Functions  of  the  Public  Schools" 

Bulletin  of  the  Bureau  of  School  Service,  University  of  Kentucky, 

Vol.  6,  No.  2,  December,  1933. 

"Teacher  Education  for  the  New  Age" 

Indiana  State  Teachers  College  Bulletin,  Vol.  27,  No.  4,  May,  1934. 

Journal  of  Louisiana  Teachers  Association,  May.  1934. 

"What  are  We  Going  to  do  with  All  These  Educated  People 

Anyhow?" 

Peabody  Reflector  and  Alumni  News,  Vol.  7,  No.  6,  May,  1934. 

"The  Teachers  College  in  the  Service  of  the  State  and  Nation" 
Peabody  Reflector  and  Alumni  News,  Vol.  7,  No.  10,  November,  1934. 
"Secondary  Education  in  the  New  Deal" 
Peabody  Reflector  and  Alumni  News,  Vol.  7,  No.  11. 


294  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"The  Teachers  College  in  the  Service  of  the  State  and  Nation" 
Proceedings   of    the   American    Association    of    Teachers    Colleges, 
1935. 

"Selection  of  Prospective  Teachers" 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  Vol.  13,  No.  3,  November,  1935. 

"Remodeling  the  Old   Structure" 

Peabody  Reflector,  Vol.  S,  No.  10,  November,  1935. 

Dorkis,  J.  T. 

"The  Oregon  Trail"   (Master's  Thesis) 

Illinois  Historical  Society  Journal.  January,  1918. 

"Thomas  Merritt"    (Necrology) 

Illinois  Historical  Society  Journal,  January,   1919. 

"Pardoning  the  Leaders  of  the  Confederacy" 
Mississippi  Valley  Historical  Review,  June,  192S. 

"President  Lincoln's  Clemency" 

Illinois  Historical  Society  Journal,  January,  1929. 

"Federal   Aid  to  the   Oregon  Trail" 
Oregon   Historical  Quarterly,   1929. 

"A  Museum  in  Every  School" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  June,  1931. 

Syllabus  of  American  Government,  Edwards  Brothers,  1931. 

"Profit   Sharing  in  Government" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  March,  1931. 

"Washington,  the  Champion  of  Republican  Government" 
Kentucky  School,  Journal,  February,  1932. 

"Education  and  Race  Relations" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  November,  1932. 

"Early  History  of  Madison  County,  Kentucky",  by  William   Chon- 

ault    (Edited) 

Kentucky  Historical  Society  Register,  April,  1932. 

"Nathaniel  Hart's  Letter  to  William  Tannehill  on  the  Priority  ot 

Settlement  in  Kentucky"    (Edited) 

Kentucky  Historical  Society  Register.  January,  1933. 

"Cassius  M.  Clay" 

Kentw  ky  Progress  Magazine.   January,   1933. 

"Petition  to  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in  1792  to  Locate  the  Capital 

of  the  State  at  Boonesboro"    (Edited) 

Kentucky  Historical  society  Register.   April,   1933. 

"Pardon   and   Amnesty  during  the  Civil   War  and   Reconstruction" 

(Abstract  of  Ph.   D.   Thesis) 

University   of   Illinois   Publication,   1926. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  295 

"Central  University"    (History) 

Kentucky  Historical  Society  Register,  April,  1934. 

A  Glimpse  at  Historic  Madison  County  and  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
( Brochure ) ,  Richmond  Daily  Register  Co., 
July,  1934. 

"The  Transylvania  Colony" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,  August,   1934. 

"The  Transylvania  Colony" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,  September,  1934. 

Edited    Daniel    Boone    Bicentennial    Number    of   Kentucky    School 
Journal,  September,  1934. 

"The  Daniel  Boone  Bicentennial" 

Kentucky  Progress  Magazine,  August,   1934. 

"The  Daniel  Boone  Bicentennial" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  September,  1934. 

"Pardon  Seekers  and  Brokers:   A  Sequel  of  Appomattox" 
Journal  of  Southern  History,  August,  1935. 

Edited  this  volume  and  contributed  Chapters  II  and  XV  thereto. 

Edwards,  R.  A. 

"A  Handbook  for  Student  Teachers" 
Eastern  Kentucky  Review,   1923. 

"The  Training  School" 

Eastern  Kentucky  Review,  1926. 

A  Manual  for  Observation  and  Method, 
Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1928. 

A  Manual  for  Observation  and  Method   (Rev.  edition) 
Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1929. 

Helps  for  One-Teacher  Rural  Schools, 
Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1930. 

Contributed   Chapter   VI   to   this   "volume. 

Engle,  Fred  A. 

"History  of  Education  of  Clark  County,  Kentucky",   1928. 

"The  Modern  Tendency  in  Arithmetic" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  April,  1932. 

"Modern  Trends  in  Teaching  Arithmetic" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  October,  1934. 

Farris,  J.  D. 

"Health  Education" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  December,  1931. 


296  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"A  Program  of  Health  and  Physical  Education" 
Peabody  Reflector,  August,  1932. 

"Child  Health  and  Protection" 

Bulletin  of  Bureau  of  School  Service,  Kentucky  White  House  Con- 
ference,  December,   1932. 

Contributed  Chapter  VII  and  other  matter  to  this  volume. 

Fekrell,  D.  T. 

"Professional   Preparation    of   Teachers    for    Small    High    Schools" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,  1928. 

"Checking  List  of  the  Functions  of  the  County  Superintendent  of 

Schools" 

(Published  privately),  January,  1931. 

Floyd,  Mary  A. 

"Culture  as  an  Educational  Objective" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  October,  1928. 

"Kentucky  History  in  the  Elementary  Grades" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  May,  1930. 

"Kentucky" 

(An  article  in  Weedon's  modern  encyclopedia)   1931-32. 

"Kentucky.      Bibliography   on    Economic   and    Industrial    History" 
(Privately  published),  1933. 

"Guidance    Outline    for    Library    Science    166;    Orientation    Course 
for  College  Freshmen" 
Swift,  1935. 

Contributed   Chapter   VI   to   this  volume. 

Gill,  Anna  D. 

"Typewriting  in   Kentucky  High   Schools" 

Modern  Biisiness  Education,  Vol.  1,  November,  1935. 

Gibson,  Maude,  contributed  Chapter  XIII  to  this  volume. 

Hansen,  May  C. 

"The  Pre-School  Child" 

Bulletin    of    Bureau    of    School    Service,    Kentucky    White    House 

Conference, 

December,  1932. 

Contributor  to  this  volume. 

Herndon,  Thomas  C. 

"A  Rath  Thermostat" 

Journal  of  Chemical  Education.  May,   1931. 

"A  Study  of  the  Benzaldehyde  Electrode" 

Peabody  College   Contributions   to   Education,   October,   1931. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  297 

"Professional   Training   of   Science   Teachers — A   Comparative 

Study"    (co-author) 

Kentucky  School  Journal.  January,  1932. 

"Administration  of  Chemistry  in  State  Teachers  Colleges" 
Journal  of  Chemistry  Education,  August,  1932. 

"Deficiencies  in  the  Perception  and  Appreciation  of  Color" 
Peabody  Reflector,  March,  1933. 

"Retention  of  Chemical  Facts" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,   1934. 

"A  Benzaldehyde  Electrode" 

Journal  of  the  American   Chemical  Society,  November,  1934. 

"Shall  Science  Take  a  Holiday?" 
Peabody  Reflector.  January,  1935. 

"Professional  Progress  of  Teachers  College  Teachers" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  November,  1930. 

Hounchelx,  Saul 

"An    Abstract    of    the    Principal    Literary    Magazines    of    the   Ohio 

Valley  to  1890"    (Ph.  D.  Thesis), 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers,  1934. 

Hughes.  Charles  T. 

"Review  of  the  book,  'Coaching  High  School  Athletics'  " 
The  Research   Quarterly  of  the  American  Physical  Education  As- 
sociation,  October,   1933. 

Hummell.  A.  D. 

"Ionization  Efficiency  of  Electrons  in  Potassium  Vapor" 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Physical  Society,  November,  1929. 

"A  Simple  Form  of  Boyle's  Law  Apparatus" 
Kentucky  Academy  of  Science  Transactions,  Vol.  V. 

"A  Demonstration  of  Photoelectric  Control" 
Transactions  of  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science.  Vol.  V. 

"Kings  were  Denied  Things",  Kentucky  School  Journal, 
February,  1936. 

Jones,  W.  C. 

"Tenure  of  Presidents  of  State  Teachers  Colleges"  (co-author) 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education.  July,   1931. 

"A   Comparative   Study  of  Certain   Phases   of  the   Status   of   Grad- 
uates of  State  Teachers  Colleges  and  Liberal  Arts  Colleges  in  the 
Teaching  Profession   (Missouri  and  Texas)"    (Ph.  D.  Thesis) 
George  Peabody  College  Contributions  to  Education,  1932. 


"298  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

"Grouping  as  an  Aid  to  Problem  Solving" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,  1932. 

"The  Time  Element  in  Grade  Determination" 
Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  November,  1932. 

Pioneer  Arithmetic  Books,  First  Book,  Second  Book,   Third  Book 

(co-author) 

Pioneer  Publishing  Company,  1928. 

"Study  Habits  of  College  Students"    (co-author) 
Personnel  Bulletin,  No.  6,  January,  1933. 

Proceedings   of  Kentucky  Colleges  and   Universities.  Vol.   3,   1933. 

'The  Ability  of  College  Students  to  Predict  their  Grades" 

(co-author) 

Peabody  Journal  of  Education,  July,   1933. 

"Curriculum  for  Higher  Institutions  of  Learning" 
Report  of  Kentucky  Educational  Commission,  1933. 

'Are  Too  Many  People  Going  to  College  in  Kentucky?" 
Association  of  Kentucky  Colleges  and  Universities  Bulletin,  1934. 

"The  Relation   of   Kentucky   Institutions   of   Higher   Education   to 

the  Educational  Problems  of  the  State" 

Association  of  Kentucky  Colleges  and   Universities  Bulletin,   1934. 

"Selection  of  Prospective  Teachers" 
Peaoody  Journal  of  Education,   1935. 

Contributed  Chapter  III  to  this  volume. 

Keene,  William  L. 

"Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College" 
Peabocly  Reflector.  July,   1931. 

Keith,  Charles  A. 

"Notes  and  Outlines  in  American  History" 
Published  locally,  1917. 

"Notes  and  Outlines  in  American  Government" 
Published  locally,  1916. 

"Outlines  of  Kentucky  History" 
D.  C.  Heath,  1918. 

"Outlines  of  Kentucky  Government" 
Bobbs-Merrill,  1922. 

"The  Racial  Make-Up  of  Europe" 
Eastern  Kentucky  Rcrieic.  1916. 

"A  Tribute  to   Britain" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  1916. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  299 

Kennamek,  L  G. 

"A  Cattle  Ranch  in  New  Mexico" 
Journal  of  Geography,  April,  1923. 

"The  Kentucky  Family" 

McQuiddy  Publishing  Company,  1924. 

The  Callahan  Divide  (Ph.  D.  Thesis), 
Williams  Printing  Company,  1930. 

"Good  Geography  Teaching" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,  1931. 

"Place  of  Geography  in  the  Elementary  School" 
Kentw.fcy  School  Journal,   December,  1932. 

"Teaching  of  Geography" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  January,  1933. 

Kentucky  Supplement   (Geography) 
Silver  Burdett,  1934. 

Kentucky  Supplement   (Geography) 
American  Book  Company,  1934. 

Krick,  Harriette 

"Structure  of   Seedlike  Fructifications   Found   in   Coal   Balls  from 
Harrisburg,  Illinois"   (Ph.  D.  thesis) 
Botanical  Gazette,  April,  1932. 

"Flowers  of  Spring" 

The  Young  American,  May,  1933. 

Mattox,  M.  E.     Contributed  Chapter  IV  to  this  volume. 

McDonough,  Thomas  E. 

"Physical  Education  in  the  Rural  School" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  December,  1931. 

"A    Program    of    Health    and    Physical    Education    in    a    Teachers 

College"   (co-author) 

Peaoocly  Reflector,  August,  1932. 

"A  Program  of  Physical  Education  and  Health" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  December,   1930. 
Contributor  to  this  volume. 
McKinney,  Mary  Frances 

"The  Graph  as  a  Tool  in  Teaching  Geography" 
Kentucky  School  Journal,  December,  1932. 
Contributor  to  this  volume. 

MoOee,  W.  J. 

"School  Reports  and  Records" 

The  Kentucky  High  School  Quarterly,  April,  1927. 


IJOO  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

"Accounting:      A  Prerequisite  to   Successful   Local  Financial 

Administration" 

The  Kentucky  Academy  of  Sorial  Sciences  Articles  in  the  Louisville 

Courier-Journal,  December  24,  1933. 

"Budgeting  in  Kentucky" 

The  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Sciences  Articles  in  the  Louis- 
ville Courier-Joui  nal,  December  17,  1933. 

"Budgetary  Practices  in  Kentucky  State  Government" 
The  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Sciences  Articles  in  the  Louis- 
ville  Courier- Journal.   December   17,    1933. 

"A    Proposed    Plan    for    the    Financial    Administration    of    Public 

Education  in  Kentucky" 

Abstract  of  Ph.  D.  Thesis.     University  of  Kentucky,  1931. 

"The  Budget  and  Financial  Administration  Act  of  1934" 
The  Kentucky  Academy  of  Social  Sciences  Articles  in  the  Louis- 
ville Courier-Journal,  April  8  and  15,  1934. 

"The  Kentucky  Gross  Sales  Tax" 
The  New  York  Times,  July,  1934. 
Contributed  Chapter  XII  and  other  matter  to  this  volume. 

Mukbach,  Janet 

"Some  French  Attitudes" 

Kentucky  School  Journal,  April,  1934. 

Park,  Smith 

"On  Certain  Identities  in  Theta  Functions" 
American  Journal  of  Mathematics,  October,  1931. 

"The  Center  of  Ocular  Rotation  in  the  Horizontal   Plane" 

The  American  Journal  of  Physiology.  June,  1933 

Eye,  Ear,  Nose,  and  Throat  Monthly,  October,  1933 

Journal  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homeopathy.  August,  1934. 

Rumboi.d.  Dean  W. 

"A  New  Trematode  from  the  Snapping  Turtle" 

Journal  of  the  Elisha  Mitchell  Scientific  Society.  July,  1928. 

Schnieb,  Anna  A. 

"Student  Government  in  the  College" 
William  Woods  College,  1919. 

"Articles  in  Teaching  Hygiene,  Geography,  English" 
Missouri,   School  Journal.   1920. 

"Suggested  Content.  Sources,  and  Activities  for  Arithmetic. 
English,  Geography  Grades  I  to  VIII" 
Eastern   Kentucky  Review,  1924. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         301 

"Teaching  Geography  in  the  Elementary  Schools" 
The  Kentucky  Geographic  Journal,  April,  1924, 

"Interpretation  and  Appreciation  of  Subjects  in  Art" 
Privately  published,  1924,  1925,   1926,  1927. 

"Is   Geography   an    Important    Study   Activity   in    the    Elementary 

Schools?" 

Kentucky  School  of  Science,  1931. 

"The  Philosophical  Basis  of  Education  in  Germany" 
Proceedings  of  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  1932, 

"Origin  and  Function   of  the   State  Teachers   College" 
University  of  Vienna,  1932. 

"Family  and  Parental  Education" 

Bulletin  of  the  Bureau  of  School  Service,  Kentucky  White  House 

Conference,  December,  1932. 

"Research  in  the  Undergraduate  College" 

Proceedings  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  August,  1934. 

"Development  of  the  Kentucky  Junior  Academy  of  Science" 
Proceedings  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,  August.  1934. 
Bulletin  Illinois  Academy  of  Science,   September.   1934. 

"Science  Clubs  in  the  High  School" 
Kentucky  Junior  Science  Bulletin,  1935. 

"The   Contributions     to    Child    Psychology    by    the    University    of 
Vienna" 

Proceedings  of  the  Kentucky  Academy  of  Science,   1933. 

Tyng,  Mrs.  Gladys 

Contributor  to  this  volume. 

Wingo,  Gekmania  J. 

"Some  Developments  from  a  Simple  Group  Activity" 
Bureau  of  Publications  of  Teachers  College  for  the  National  Con- 
ference on  Education  Method,  October,  1928. 

Van  Peuksem,  J.  E. 

"A  Study  Outline  of  Public  School  Music",  1936. 

MUSIC  CONTRIBUTIONS: 

Lutes,  H.  H. 

"Yea,  Eastern",  an  Eastern  College  song. 

"Marching  Song",  an  Eastern  College  song. 

Campbell,  Jane 

Music   to   "Alma   Mater",   an   Eastern   College   Song,   composed  by 
Nannie  Evans. 


E 

ALUMNI  OF  THE  MODEL  HIGH  SCHOOL 
By  Richard  A.  Edwards 


T.  J.  Bayer 
Elmer  A.  Deiss 


CLASS  OF  1909 

Shelby  Jett,   Jr. 


May  K.   Phelps 


CLASS  OF  1910 

i  J.  P.   Simmons 


(No  graduates  in  1911) 


Miree  McDougle 
Cecil   Simmons 


CLASS   OF  1912 

Spears  Turley 


Edwin   M.   Cobb 
Madrue  Farris 


CLASS   OF    1913 

Jeptha  Jett 


Kie  Doty 

Verna  B.   Million 


CLASS  OF  1914 

Wilko   Scanlon 
J.  E.  Vermillion 


Mary  Boggs 
Jamie   Bronston 
Anna   V.    Deatherage 
Mary  Allen  Deatherage 
Nannie    Dunn 


CLASS  OF  1915 


Katherine   Enright 
Turley   Noland 
Smith  Park 
Robert   Simmons 


Annie  Mae  Hord 
Mark  A.  Phelps 
Russell  Million 


CLASS  OF  1916 


W.   Kenneth   Ramey 
Lillian  A.  Smith 
William   A.   Wagers 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


303 


Joel  E.  Arbuckle 
Sue  Elizabeth  Chenault 
Frederick  M.   Davison 
James  Gentry- 
Virginia   Hobson 


Isabel  Bennett 
Chester  Clark 
Mabel  Ruth  Coates 
Myrtle    Cornelison 
Mary    Louise    Covington 
Laura  Hord 
Ollie  Hord 
Elizabeth  Hume 
Mary  J.  Jones 
John  B.  Lackey 


Patrick  Allen 
Rowena  Coates 
Willie  Barnes 
Frances  English 
"Virginia  Harrison 
Mary    Katherine    Jasper 
Fannie    Kellems 


Zerelda  Baxter 
Laura  Isabel  Bennett 
Hume  A.   Chenault 
Josephine    Covington 
Lana  Martine  Coates 
W.  D.  Dunaway 
Lenora   Earl   Elmore 
Nancy  C.  Evans 


Henry  Arnold 
William   Blanton 
Goldie  Brown 
Grace  Brady 
Margaret   Chenault 
Mary  Emily  Chenault 
J.    Coleman    Covington 
Clarence   Deatherage 
Margaret   Doty 


CLASS  OF  1917 

Thomas   J.   House 
Dorothy  Myers 
Alice   Lorraine   Petty 
Thomas    Phelps 
Virginia   Shanklin 

CLASS   OF   1918 

Elbridge  Noland 
Sarah  Elizabeth   Sallee 
Samuel   Henderson 
Gladys  R.  Smith 
Bessie   Telford 
Robert  L.   Telford 
Mary   Louise   Terrell 
Amy   D.   Turley 
Sudie    Warren 

CLASS  OF  1919 

Lucille   Minter 
Sarah  V.  Myers 
Edith   Nunn 
Lelia   Price 
Harvey  Smith 
Galen   White 

CLASS   OF   1920 

Richard   Green 
Virginia  Hisle 
Lloyd  Moore 
Edmund  Noland 
Coleman    Oldham 
Eloise    Samuels 
Margaret   Turley 

CLASS  OF  1921 

Geneva   Hord 
John   Jayne 
Diana  Lackey 
Flora  Lane 
Margaret  Lane 
Allie  Dean  Ray 
Ollie  Tye  Williams 
Lucy   Treadway 


304 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


CLASS  OF  1922 


Thomas   Adams 
Sarah  Arbuckle 
Shelby    Carr 
Agnes    Clancy 
Stella   Cross 
Leslie  Evans 
Flora  Evans 
Lillian   Harrod 
Robert  Harrod 
Taylor   Hoskins 
Viola  Hord 


Green  Hogg 
Margaret   Lewis 
Mary  Elizabeth  Luxon 
Travis  Million 
Carolyn   Rice 
Georgia    Smith 
Rachel  Telford 
Bernice  Tudor 
James    White 
Louis  G.  Dudderar 
Dolly   Pickels 


CLASS  OF  1931 


Annie  Bales  Black 

Paul   Herrin 

Davis   Gentry 

Ruby  Christine   Kearns 

Harold    A.    Pelfrey 

Lowell  Pelfrey 

Minnie  Belle   Potter 


Neville    Rowlette 
Edna   Sparks 
John  L.  White 
Roger  Wilson 
Louise  Hurst 
Vivien    Stephenson 


CLASS   OF  1932 


Henry  Baugh 
Sarah  Mason   Black 
Wilma  Bond 
Beulah  Bowles 
Mary  Alice   Burrus 
Lucille   Case 
Jamie   Dudley 
Thomas  Farris 
Nettie   Lusk 
Clarence   Mullis 


Margaret   Park 
Louise  Parrish 
Ella  Mae  Rankin 
Mary  Elizabeth  Rowlett 
E.   T.  Wiggins,  Jr. 
Roy  Young 
Faye  Fuller 
Joe  Clark  Herrin 
Frances    Maude    Honchell 


CLASS  OF  1933 


Datha  Vida  Bond 
Elizabeth    Bennett    Collins 
William  Joe   Collins 
Edward  Congleton 
Robert   Morris   Creech 
Edna    Attilla    Dalton 
Annette  Velinda  De  Jarnette 
Hattie  De  Jarnette 
Mary  Willis  De  Jarnette 


Norma   Garrett 
Elizabeth  Green 
Susan  Russell  Greene 
Alene   Mae   Kearns 
Margaret   Dudley  Neale 
Neva  Katherine  Park 
Tabitha   Phelps   Park 
Amy    Louise    Parrish 
Reba  Virginia  Parsons 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


305 


Morris  Milton  Barnes 
Dorothy  Dean  Carnes 
Mary  Lois   Clark 
Stephen  Cook  Edwards 
George  Waller  Evans 
Jane   Olive  Hendren 
Pearl   Deaver   Hendren 
Bessie  T.  Leer 
James   J.    Neale,   Jr. 


CLASS  OF  1934 

Jane  H.  Robinson 
Mary   Lynn   Stebbins 
Edward  Taylor 
Emilie  Verne  Wiggins 
Mildred   Abrams 
Mary  Ann  Collins 
Woodrow    Cotton 
Iris   Cotton 
Margaret    Steele   Zaring 


CLASS   OF  1935 

J.   Marshall  Arbuckle  John    Earl    Kayse 

T.  J.  Black,  Jr.  J.   Ross   Kirwan 

Margaret    Louise    Culton  William  G.   Moore 

Margaret   Mae   Deatherage  Charles  Edward   Robinette 

Dann  Wood   Denny  Pearl    Mae    Stephenson 

Ruth   Allene   Hammonds  Joe    F.    Taylor 

Mary  Doty   Hunter  Stanley    Wilson 


F 
ALUMNI  DIRECTORY  (1907-1924; 1 

TWO-YEAR  COLLEGE  GRADUATES 

By  Lucile  Derrick  and   Sam  Beckley 


Bailye,  Eva* 
Jeffers,  Jennie 
Mason,   Mabel 


Abner,   James  R. 
Dale,  C.  S. 
Daniel,  William   E. 
Davis,   Ruth  W. 
Gaines,    Alberta 


CLASS  1907 


Rice,  Alma  R. 
Sullivan,  Hattie  M. 


CLASS  1908 

Gray,  Caroline  M. 
Morris,  Emma 
Sullivan,  Flora  J. 
Ward,  W.  B. 
Womack,  Alma 


(Mrs.  Alberta  Gaines  Stevens) 


Anderson,  Leslie 
Chandler,    S.   P. 
Davis,  H.  L. 
Fallis,    0.   B. 
Gifford,   C.  H. 
Holbrook,  Cam   S. 


Baker,  Clyda 
Baker,  Eunice 
Bergmyer,    Margaret    G. 
Boothe,    I.   H. 
Bradford,   H.   T. 
Brooks,  David 
Campbell,  J.  B. 
Caudill,  W.  M. 
Colyer,   Mary  Lee 
Cox,  Lula 
Culton,  Thos.  B. 
Cundiff,   E.   F. 
Davis,  Allen 
Davis,  James  S. 
Evans,  Mattie 


CLASS  1909 

Jones,  J.  C. 

Morgan,   Elizabeth  W. 

Pettus,  Ila 

Scott,   Cathryn   V. 

Starns,  D.  H. 

CLASS  1910 

Farley,  Lela 
Ferguson,    Burdeaux 
Ferguson,  Roscoe  C. 
Gragg,   Everett 
Greenleaf,  Van 
Hamilton,   George   D. 
Houchins,  Jennie* 
Hughes,  Bessie 
Hylton,  Cora 

(Mrs.  Dr.  L.  Whitaker) 
Irvine,  J.  S. 
Jones,   O.  V.* 
Lander,   Alice 
Long,  Agnes 

(Mrs.  H.  T.  Ransdell) 


1  See  the  last  paragraph  of  Chapter  XIV. 
*  Deceased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


307 


McDougle,    Ivan    E. 
McHargue,    Sue    B. 
Maynard,   James   G. 
Moneyhan,  Edith 
Moneyhan,   Edna 

(Mrs.   Edna   Richards) 
Morgan,  Libbie 
Mullikin,   Otis   L. 
Neace,  John  G. 
Prose,  Bertha 
Quails,  Webster 
Richardson,    Edgar 


Roling,  Lena  Gertrude 
Sasser,    Mrs.    Alice 
Scott,   Elizabeth 
Scoville,    Elizabeth 
Sharon,  Lowell 
Sheriff,  Robert 
Tarter,   Gertrude 
Taylor,    Eva 
Tye,  J.  J. 
Webb,  Arnold 
White,  Catherine 


CLASS  1911 


Alcorn,    Nora 

(Mrs.  H.  B.   Owens) 
Amburgey,  M.  D. 
Arnold,  Sue  V. 
Brammer,  John  C. 
Buchanan,  Lelia  Gore 
Carter,    Frank    M. 
Dodson,    Flora 
Dyche,  Emily  Byers 

(Mrs.  J.  L.  Buchanan) 
Elmore,   Mary 
Everage,   Mary 
Faulkner,    Garnet 
Huffaker,  Leona 
Jackson,  Sadie  Rea 
Luttrell,   Paul 


Meece,  V.  F. 
Moore,    George    Mansfield 
Parard,   Marie   Joseph 
Pettus,   Mary  Rebecca 
Pollitt,   Clara  Edna 

(Mrs.   Ernest   F.    Overstreet) 
Reed,   Everett   H. 
Reid,  Homer  Lloyd 
Roberts,    Byron   M. 
Schwartz,    Kathryn   A. 

(Mrs.   Melville   Byrd) 
Tinder,    Delia 
Walker,   Fay   Rowlett 

(Mrs.   Curtis   W.   Reece) 
Ward,  Sara  Ellen 

(Mrs.    Lewis    Clifton) 


CLASS  1912 


Chambers,  Jay  Lea 
Daniels,  Flora  B. 
Evans,    Marvin    N. 
Ewen,   Mabel  Russell 
Glass,   Fannie 
Gullett,  W.  P. 
Hamilton,    Annie    Laurie 

(Mrs.  A.  C.  Sharp) 
Johnson,   Shelia  M. 
Jordan,  Victor  A. 
Keile'y,  Nora  Starke 
Kelley,    Sara  Maude 
Lester,   Lena  Elizabeth 


McNutt,  M.  H. 
Mathis,   Anna 

(Mrs.    Theodore    Oppenheim) 
Moore,  Arvon  T. 
Morriss,  Marian  Anna 

(Mrs.   Joseph  F.   Beattie) 
Rayburn,  Maude  Mae 

(Mrs.  Maude  R.  Wooten) 
Rich,  Ada 

Schirmer,    Margaret   E. 
Thurman,   Ninnie  B. 
Trent,  Ada 
Vaught,  Allie  A. 


308 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


Amburgy,  L.  M. 
Ballard,  May  D. 
Bertram,  Elizabeth  L. 
Bogie,  Annie  Miller 
Boothe,  John  E. 
Broaddus,  K.  E. 
Brock,   Maria 

(Mrs.  Paul  Gordon) 
Bryant,   Ben 
Caywood,  James 
Covington,  Mary  Q. 
Cox,   Ella   K. 

(Mrs.  Ella  Cox  Kelly) 
Crowder,    Mabel 

(Mrs.  B.  L.  Murphy) 
Day,  Angella 
Day,  James  T. 
DeLong,    Emma 
DeLong,   H.   G. 
Dempsey,    Corrine 
Floyd,   Mary  I. 
George,  Edythe  C. 
Gould,  Willie  Anne 
Hale,  Mahala 

(Mrs.   Mahala  Bingham) 
Haley,  C.  F. 
Harris,  O.  H. 
Hendren   Allie   E. 

(Mrs.  Frank  Wheeler) 


CLASS  1913 

Henry,   Elizabeth  B. 
Johnson,   Fannie 
Johnson,   Nell 
Kennard,    Albert 
Lake,  Alma 
Laubisch,   O.  A. 
Lewis,  W.  H. 
Lutes,  S.  B. 
McCarthy,   Anna   M. 
McDougal,   Miree* 
Messman,    Margaret 
Mills,  H.  H. 
Oldham,   Emma 
Osenton,   Mabel 
Quillen,    Marie 
Remy,   Paris   D. 
Scoville,    Magnolia 
Smith,   May 
Sporing,    T.    B. 
Stidham,   C.  B. 
Stigall,   Dumont 
Taylor,   Eddie 
Taylor,  Emma  W. 
Thomson,    Henrietta 

(Mrs.   Henrietta   Collis) 
Ware,    Daisy   Lynn 
Williams,  E.  W. 


Akin,   Paris   B. 
Ammerman,  Mary  Jane 
Ballard,   Leonard  H. 
Bertram,  Anna  L. 
Bowman,    Daphne   H. 
Brown,   Fannie   May 
Caldwell,    L.    C. 
Calico,  Zula  E. 
Chrisman,  J.  Warren 
Clark,   Emsy 
Clark,  L.  A. 
Coons,  Nellie 
Cornelison,  Lula  McKee 
Davidson,   Perry 


CLASS   1914 

Deatherage,   Willie   Mae 
Dempsey,    Evelyn 
Dodsworth,  Vivian  M. 

(Mrs.  John  R.  Roman) 
Donahue,    Annie    M. 
Doty,    Mary* 
Early,  Beulah  Newman 

(Mrs.    Beulah   Davis) 
Early,   Lela 

(Mrs.   Lela  Elliott) 
Gilmore,   Chas.  M. 
Gordon,    Anna    E. 
Gray,   Mary  Frances 
Hacker,   Isaac 


Deceased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


309 


Hale,  Lula  M. 
Harmon,  Ella  Maude 
Hayden,   Maude  Frances 
Hemlepp,    Emma    Theresa 
Horine,   Elizabeth 
Hounchins,  Ollie  Mae 

(Mrs.    Thos.    Gabbert) 
Johnson,   Rowena 
Kirk,  Herschel  R. 
Lipps,    Mattie    Louise 
McWhorter,    Stella 
Martin,   Marguerite 
Myers,   Nancy  B. 
Plummer,  Nancy  K. 
Price,  Florence  Ethel 
Price,   Hobart  V. 
Price,   Odessa  Blains 
Rankin,  Edna  Mae 

(Mrs.    Edna    Rankin    Hurtuk) 


Redwine,    Marcus    C. 
Rice,    Linnie    M. 
Ross,  Mary  E. 
Sams,    Eva    Edith 
Scoville,    Hallie    Mae1 
Scrivner,  Ruth 
Seitz,    Florris 
Skinner,   T.   W. 
Smallwood,    Enoch 
Thompson,    Stella   E. 

(Mrs.  Stella  Lutes) 
Tipton,    Pressit    H. 
Turner,  Ervine 
Vories,  Emma  DeWitt 

(Mrs.  Leland  Meyers) 
Walsh,  Lula 
Whaley,   Nancy  Myers 
Williams,   B.   M. 
Williams,    John    L. 


CLASS 
Barnette,   Rebecca   Jayne 

(Mrs.  Rebecca  Jayne  Ford) 
Bowman,   Betsy 

(Mrs.  Fred  Hupp) 
Cook,   Leland 
Crawford,  Albert  B. 
Duffy,   Cornelia  Read 
Evans,  Mollie  T. 

(Mrs.  Chas.  H.  Stratton) 
Farley,    Minnie  E.* 
Garley,  Ida  Mae 
Gilbert,  Evelyn  C. 
Goodman,  K.   C. 
Hampton,   Daisy 
Harris,    Lelia   Jane 
Hearne,    Hannah   Jane 

(Mrs.  C.  E.  Smith) 
Hickok,  Katherine  C. 
Holliday,  Surrilda 

(Mrs.  Green  Fugate) 
Huguely,    Henry   Wood 


1915 
Lamb,   Naomi   N. 
Land,   Ettabelle 
Liles,   Ella 
Liles,  Eva 
Lutes,  Maude  Alma 
McComis,    Madge    M. 
Maupin,  Amanda  B. 
Moyers,   Fannie 
Phillips,   Rebekah  A. 
Richie,   William 
Smith,   C.   E. 
Vogel,  Clara  Louise 
Wade,   Saline 

(Mrs.  Saline  Wade  Jones) 
Walker,   Belle   McM. 
Ward,   Forest 
Watkins,  Alice  E. 
White,  Bess 
Yates,   Margaret   M. 


Adams,    Louise    Rhorer 
Akers,  Ezra 


CLASS  1916 

Asher,  James  J. 
Baker,  Emma  B. 


Deceased. 


310 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


Bates,  Joseph  B. 
Bedford,    Emma   C. 

(Mrs.  J.  L.  Ransdell) 
Benette,    Verna 
Blackburn,    Lena 
Brady,  Maude  Evelyn 
Cain,   O.  W. 
Cubbage,  Anna  Mary 

(Mrs.  Anna   C.    Sandusky) 
Dietrich,  Lois 

(Mrs.  Lois  D.  Freeman) 
Dobrowsky,    Rose 
Downard,    Mary    Elizabeth 

(Mrs.   Mary  D.   Merrill) 
Early,  Nellie  Katherine 
Gibson,   Ellen   C. 
Goldenburg,   Carrie 
Hays,   Willie 
Hoskins,  Ruth  Gibson 
Jones,    Brilla 
Kelly,  Robert  Lee 
Knox,  Lilly  Ulah 
Lancaster,    Jennie    Mae 

(Mrs.  Turley  Noland) 
Lawson,  Nan  Wood 
Little,   Robert  E. 
Lutes,  Lloyd  H. 
McClure,    Bernice 
McWhorter,    Howard 
Mason,    Matilda 
M  err  it,    Ethel 

(Mrs.    John    Lisle) 
Mills,  L.  H. 


Mills,  S.  A. 
Monahon,  Harry  F. 
Morgan,  Ida 
Nichol,  L.  DeGarmo 
Noe,   Fannie 

(Mrs.  W.    O.   Hendren) 
Noland,    Mariam 

(Mrs.  James  Wilson) 
O'Brien,  Betty 
Ramsey,  Alice 
Roland,  Laura  Beatrice 

(Mrs.  Paris  B.  Akin) 
Ruby,   Golden 
Rucker,   J.   G. 
Rucker,    Lucile 
Shearer,   James   R. 
Shearer,    Lee 
Shearer,    Mollie 
Smith,   Joshua 
Smith,   Prudence  Allen 
Spurlock,    Eugene 
Stone,    Lucille 
Stone,    Stella   Hubble 
Sturgill,  Norah  Marie 

(Mrs.  J.  W.  Wines) 
Taylor,  Hiram  H. 
Thomas,   Albrow   B. 
Turpin,    Mary    Kathryn 
Waters,    Virginia    Henshaw 
Williams,  Mrs.  John  L. 
Wills,   Omar  Robbins 
Wilson,    Lela    Frances 


CLASS 


Adams,  Mattie 

(Mrs.  R.  B.  Smart) 
Allman,  Carrie  A. 
Baughman,   Sadie  S. 
Boothe,  Gertrude 
Bourne,   Mayme 
Bridges,   Olla  Ray 

(Mrs.   Z.   T.    Shirley) 
Bronson,   Jamie 

(Mrs.  Lawton  Long) 
Brophy,    Mary   Irene 

(Mrs.  Charles  Francis  Trent) 


1917 
Burton,  Marietta  E. 
Carpenter,    Katie 
Carter,   Virginia   Watts 
Champion,    Ebon 
Chandler,  Eda  S. 
Clere,   Easter   L. 
Cochran,   Avonia   H. 
Coffey,  Rena 
Cooper,  Anna  E. 
Crowe,  Ida  M. 
Crowe,  Lina  B. 
Dalton,  Lora  I. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


311 


Demmin,  Lillian  W. 
Dilgard,   Louise 

(Mrs.  O.  F.  Straight) 
Dotson,  J.  E. 
Ernest,  Viola   M. 
Ewen,  Mayme 

(Mrs.  G.  W.  Marshall) 
Falin,  Winnie 

(Mrs.  H.  F.  Honk) 
Faris,  Macie  M. 
Galbraith,    McCellan 
Gilkerson,    Florence 

(Mrs.  Clyde  Ramsey) 
Gillispie,   C.  C. 
Goldenbrug,   Mary  G. 
Harris,    Mattie   B. 
Haughaboo,    Susan 

(Mrs.   L.    C.   Caldwell) 
Hedden,  Daphne  M. 
Heflin,    Frances    I. 
Heflin,    Serena 
Henry,   Evelyn   Price 

(Mrs.   Elvin   Langford) 
Hill,  Emery  D. 
Hord,  Anna  M. 
Hubbard,    Dillard 
Jones,   Carrie   B. 

(Mrs.  Carrie  Jones  Pigman) 
Kenny,    Katherine 
Keyser,   Sara   E.    (Mrs.   Sara 

Keyser    Schepperly) 
Lambert,    Linwood    K. 
Lyon,  Rachel  C. 
McKee,    Marta   Y. 

(Mrs.  E.  C.  Dawson) 


McKee,   Miriam 
Marrs,    Grace   A. 
Martin,  Frances 
Martin,    Lloyd    L. 
Moore,   William 
Morgan,   Luther   F. 
Murphy,  Alfred  L. 
Nolan,  Stella 
Parard,  Katherine 
Parker,    Ruth   R. 
Patrick,    Hester 
Perry,    Bernard 
Prather,  A.  P. 
Pratt,    Sara    Mildred 
Roach,   Dora  E. 
Robertson,  Imogen 
Rowland,    Clayton 
Saunders,  Jean 
Schoenfeld,    Effie 
Searcy,  Mary  S. 
Slack,  Ida  Mae 
Sloan,   Myrtle 
Smith,  H.  Woodson 
Smith,  Katie  B. 
Sword,   Adeline   H. 
Tibbals,   Sarah 
Trimble,  Kathleen 
Vikery,  J.  E. 
Vories,   Marion  H. 
Walker,  Ellen 

(Mrs.  Edwin  D.  Smathers) 
Webb,   Dermont   G 
Winn,  Grace 
Feager,    Carroll   N. 


Boudinot,    Nancy 
Boyer,   Martha  K. 
Boyer,   Mary  L. 
Brown,   M.   C. 
Burdett,   Sallie   S. 
Chalkey,    Mary    Lillian 
Chapman,   Mollie  V. 
Cloyd,  Pearl  M. 
Cobb,  Pluma 
Cotton,  Beulah  M. 


CLASS  1918 
Cox, 


Caroline    Lee 
Duncan,  Priscilla  P. 

(Mrs.  Arthur  S.  Chapin) 
Evans.   Nora  Lee 
Everett,   Grace   A. 
Garrett,    Mabel    Cree 

(Mrs.    Stanley   Pullen) 
Gentry,   Minnie   W. 
Gregory,  Anna  Lee 

(Mrs.  Anna  Lee  Quails) 


312 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


Horn,  Anna  M. 
Miller,    Maude    M. 
Miracle,   Jas.   T. 
Montgomery,  Mrs.  L.  H. 
Morton,  Mabel  Hutchinson 
Ogg,  Nina  Rachel* 
Sanford,    Carol   Hudson 
Scott,    Amelia    Jane 


Shearer,   Nancy  William 
Steele,  Flora   C. 
Taphorn,   Mary  Martha 
Trammel,  Ella  May 
Webb,    Bennie   M. 
Wilson,  Huldah 
York,  Lottie  Alice 


Ballinger,   Lucy 
Burchett,   Minnie 
Champion,   Lois 
Greathouse,    Stella 
Gudgel,  Mary  F. 
Hacker,  Mrs.   Mary 
Harlow,   Lora   May 
McDonald,    Linnie 
Miller,   Nina 
Mills,  Otto 


CLASS  1919 

Pettey,  Alice  L. 
Powell,   Rachel  Mae 
Rankin,    Mary   Lou 
Scrivner,    Pearl 

(Mrs.  John  Wilson) 
Shelton,    Mrs.   Nancy 
Sothard,   Mary 
Thomason,    Christine 
Whaley,   Lettie  L. 


Binder,   Josephine 
Callebs,   Mrs.   Dora 
Calico,   Mamie 
Campbell,  Elizabeth  R. 
Capos,  Mary  D. 
Clubb,   Mary  Isabelle 
Coates,   Mabel  Ruth 
Collette,  Gertrude  M. 
Driggs,   Mabel  Loud 
Duncan,    Archie    Cosby 
Gibson,  H.  H. 
Hopkins,    Maggie 
Hughes,  Sibyl 
Jefferson,   Elizabeth 

(Mrs.   O.  B.  Dabney) 
Jett,  Laura  V. 

(Mrs.  W.  A.  Moore) 
Jones,   Lillian   B. 


CLASS  1920 

Meeks,   Eugenia 
Montgomery,    Sudie   F. 

(Mrs.   Richard   Boardman) 
Moore,  Bess  M. 
Moss,  Georgia 
Neal,    Martha    Maye 
Reed,   Curtis 
Risk,  Louisa 
Stroker,  Lelia  E. 
Teater,  Maude 
Templeton,  Lona  M. 
Thomason,    Louvenia 
Tilton,   Jessie  Lee 
Tyng,   Mrs.   Gladys   Perry 
Warren,  Sudie  T. 
Williams,    Lorena 
Williams,    Martha    E. 


CLASS  1921 

Adams,   Mrs.   Elizabeth   Cain  Browning,  Grace 

Baker,    Myrtle   Lee  Clifton,  Louis 

Bisceglia,    Barbara  Coates,   Rowena 


Deceased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


313 


Covington,  Hester  Louise 

(Mrs.    Robert    Caldwell) 
Dettwiller,   Daisy  D. 
Dickerson,  Lily  B. 
Fincel,    Clara   Jane 

(Mrs.  Z.  C.  Long) 
Floyd,    Marie 
Fouch,  T.  E. 
Gilvan,  Bessie  H. 

(Mrs.  Bess  Bromagen) 
Griffin,  Myrtle  G. 

(Mrs.  George  B.  Griffin) 
Hawkins,    Nannie    Belle 
Huddleston,   Pattie   G. 
Jewell,  J.  W. 
Johnson,    Ruth* 
Lackey,    Mary   Elizabeth 
Long,  Mildred  M. 

Adams,  Eunie  Mae 
Adams,  Kearney  M. 
Bell,  Martha  White 
Broaddus,    Ruth    Marie 
Bryant,    Beulah 
Calico,    Mattie 
Clark,  Julia 
Clark,    Myrtle    Marie 
Coates,  Lana  Martine 

(Mrs.    Stuart   Brabant) 
Colyer,   Adeline 
Combs,   Bradley 
Congleton,  Mrs.  Conley 
Crook,    Margaret 
Detwiller,    Josephine 
Farmer,  Edna  S. 
Foster,  Ray  P. 
Fox,  Amelia  Elizabeth 
Gentry,   Sallie 

(Mrs.   Browning  Terrill) 
Gillispie,  Mildred 

(Mrs.   Sam  Denny) 
Griggs,  Mary  Earle 

(Mrs.    Andrew   Turpin) 
Hall,   Maye   Edith 
Harlow,    Pauline 

(Mrs.    Eugene    Thompson) 


McCollum,  Mrs.  E.  E. 
McKinney,    Mary    Frances 
Monson,  Sadie  B. 
Mullich,   Anita 
Reynolds,    Maggie 
Rigney,  Ella 
Roberts,  Delaine 
Schormann,   Huldah 
Stipp,    Maye 

(Mrs.  Lindsey   Cockrell) 
Story,    Virginia 
Turley,   Amy  D. 
Walker,  Lula  Kern 
Watts,   Elsie 

(Mrs.  Frank  Terhune) 
Watts,   Ovie 
Yates,  Emma  Irene 

CLASS  1922 

Hart,  Ethel  E. 
Hays,  Alma 
Higgins,    Herbert 
Hisle,   Virginia   W. 

(Mrs.   James    J.    Shannon) 
Jones,   Mary  Joseph 
Latimer,   Genia  Ruth 
Little,    Daniel   Boone 
McDaniel,   Mamie   Clay 
Moser,  Walter  B. 
Owen,    Naomi    Woodson 
Owens,  Mary  Alma 
Pendleton,   Mattie  E. 
Perkins,   Alice   M. 
Rice,  Zelia 

(Mrs.  A.  T.  Coates) 
Rush,  Paul 
Samuels,   Eloise 
Sandlin,   Christine 
Scott,  Virgil  B. 
Smith,  Anna  May 
Snyder,   Bertha  J. 
Soper,  Ora  Allen 

(Mrs.  F.  O.   Schneider) 
Strother,   Lucille 

(Mrs.  Green  Hogg) 
Taylor,  W.  C. 


Deceased. 


314 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


Tucker,  Gladys  L. 

(Mrs.   Gladys   L.    Miller) 
Turley,  Margaret 
Tyree,  Ralph 
Vosloh,  Helen 


Warner,  Hattie  C. 
Waterfield,    Mary    Louise 
(Mrs.    Elbridge    Noland) 
White,   Joseph  J. 
Willoughby,   Hortense 


CLASS  1923 


Acra,  C.  S. 

Akens,   C.  N. 

Allan,   Alberta 

Allan,  Cordie 

Allan,  Ruth 

Arnett,  Edgar 

Arthur,  Alva 

Boggs,    Edith 

Botts,   Josephine   Chenault 

Campbell,   G.  W. 

Carter,  Margaret  Ann 

Clark,   Delia   May 

(Mrs.  F.  E.  Bales) 
Cochran,   Mrs.  Lutie  D. 
Covington,   Coleman 
Cox,  Ellen 

Cralle,   Myrtle   Margaret 
Davis,   Edna 

(Mrs.  Edna  Davis  Born) 
Deatherage,    Valinda 
Denny,  Sam  J. 
Desha,   Sara  Snell 
Duckworth,   Lucy   M. 
Dunaway,    William    Dailey 
Dunbar,   Verna 
Duncan,    Mrs.    Maye 
Elam,  E.  E. 
Elliott,   Cecile 
Goggin,   Ruth   Esther 
Hanson,  Eliza 
Hill,  N.  M. 
Hord,   Laura  Frances 
Hord,  Ollie 
Hutchinson,    Sara 
James,    Tevis 
Jasper,    Elizabeth 
Jayne,    John 
Kalusy,  Alice  Mae 
Karrick,    Loutica 


Kirk,  Elsa  Frances 

(Mrs.   J.   C.   Towery) 
Lane,    Margaret 
Leathers,    Hettie 

(Mrs.    Ishmael    Triplett) 
Liles,    Lowell 
Lutes,  Esther  Florence 
Martin,   Susan  Mary 
Martin,   Tabitha 

(Mrs.  Virgil   McMullins) 
Moss,   Anna   Britain 
Owens,  Bess  Alice 

(Mrs.   R.   E.   Denton) 
Owens,   Thelma 

(Mrs.  S.  A.  Watts) 
Parks,  Anna  Lee 
Pollitt,   Ethel   Lula 
Prewitt,   John   W. 
Price,   Lela 
Proctor,  Roy  E. 
Ramsey,    Jennie    Elizabeth 
Riley,  Ruth 
Risk,  Margaret 
Ross,   Andrew   J. 
Rouse,    C.   Raymond 
Sammons,    Eugene 
Shearer,  I.  B. 
Shearer,    Morton 
Simpson,    Capitola 
Smiser,  Louise 
Smith,  Gladys 

(Mrs.  R.  W.  Jones) 
Steele,  Ida  McKinley 
Stocker,  Rey 
Stone,    Fern 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Ethel  Tudor 
Telford,  Josephine 
Templeton,  Hobart 
Vice,   Mabel   Ruth 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College 


315 


Vories,  Marjorie 

(Mrs.  Robert  Beatty) 
Waits,   Lucille  Ailine 
Watson,  Mrs.  Bertie  T. 
Watts,   Audie 

(Mrs.   W.   C.   Brown) 


Wells,  Lillian  J. 

Whaley,    Margaret    Katherine 

Wilson,   Maude 

Wood,   J.   Herman 


Arbuckle,    Sara 
Aldridge,    Irene 
Baker,   Eula 
Barberick,  Julia  Anna 
Bodkins,    Callia    Elliott 
Bogie,   Bernie 

(Mrs.  Bernie  Bogie  Mixon) 
Bowman,  Neal  S. 
Boyer,   Willie 
Burke,  "Vesta 
Burns,   Valeria    Catherine 
Bradshaw,    Mary   Stokes 
Bryan,   Robert   Earl 
Campbell,   Clara 
Campbell,  Ethel 
Caudill,    Mrs.    Edith    Rice 
Clancy,  Agnes 
Cochran,    Kathleen 
Cornelison,   Myrtle 
Coughlin,   Josephine 
Crouch,   Elizabeth 
Day,   Mary  Vance 
Dearborn,   Mae 
Denny,  Edwin  R. 
Driggs,   Eloise   Polk 
Ellis,   Cecile   Arthur 
Ellis,    Henry   L. 
Estes,   Bertha   Mae 
Evans,   Ethel   Lee 
Fanning,  Iva  Mae 
Fields,    Davis 
Fox,   Barnett  C. 
Garrett,  Martha 
Goodpaster,   Ella 
Gray,  Elvah  Pearl 
Green,  Flossie  Mae 
Hall,  Helen  Katherine 
Hance,  Willie  Brown 


CLASS  1924 

Harberson,  Jane 
Harmon,  Judson 
Harmon,  Lawrence* 
Harrod,  J.  G. 
Harrod,  Mrs.  J.  G. 
Hayden,   Lunata 
Hiteman,   Elsie 
Hood,  Claude  M. 
Hord,  Geneva  H. 
Hoskins,  Alma 
Hoskins,  Alta 
Hubbard,    Elizabeth 
Huff,    Golda   M. 
Huguely,  Anna   Catherine 
Hyden,   Blanche 
James,  Robbie 
Jayne,  Blanche 
Johnson,    Brayan 
Jones,  Mrs.  John  Spencer 
Jones,    Katherine 
Kaluesy,    Virginia 
Karrick,    Ethel   Mae 
Kelch,  Augusta  E. 
Kennedy,   Blanche 
Kindred,    Frances    Dean 
(Mrs.   Chas.  Eubank) 
Kunkle,   Mabel 
Lacefield,   Ascha   Saunders 
Lane,    Florris 
Lane,   J.   E. 
Lane,    Ruth 
Little,    Fay   Ward 
Lowe,  Lelia  Mae 
Lutes,  Verna 
Mackey,  A.   B. 
Mainous,   Clayton  G. 
McCable,   Valeria 
McDaniel,    Minerva 


*  Deceased. 


316 


Three  Decades  of  Progress 


McKinney,  Georgia 
Million,   Harriet 
Mobley,  Jessie  Y. 
Moffett,   Mary   Catherine 
Moreland,    Lee    Rogers 
Newby,  Emma 
Norton,  Egbert  F. 
O'Neal,  Anna  Katherine 

(Mrs.  Walter  Rice) 
Osborn,  Lou  Elise 

(Mrs.    Albert    Peutrebaugh) 
Patrick,   Grace 
Pennington,   Lacie   Cecila 
Perkins,    Edna 
Perkins,   Ivy 
Pinnell,   Clara  Mae 
Pigg,  Minnie 
Reeves,  Anna  Louise 
Rice,  Carolyn 
Ricketts,   Dorothy  M. 
Robey,   Bess 
Robinson,    Grace 
Rominger,  Virginia 
Routt,   Virginia 
Rowland,   Clarice 
Ruble,  Sunbeam 
Rye,    Elizabeth 
Shelton,   Mrs.  Allie 
Shepherd,   Gladys   Lucille 


Sine,    Pauline 

(Mrs.  Wayne   Smith) 
Smith,    Eddie 

(Mrs.   C.  E.  Word) 
Smith,    Georgiana 
Smith,  Gertrude 
Smith,    Margaret 
Smith,  Ray  E. 
Stapleton,  Eula  Leah 
Stocker,   Bonnie   Mae 
Stokes,   Sue 
Sudduth,   Mary  R. 

(Mrs.    D.    L.    Stoddard) 
Swartz,    Pauline 
Taulbee,   Lillian   Mae 
Taylor,  Julian 
Taylor,  Riffie  B. 
Terrill,  Dorothy 
Ulery,  Ethel 

Urmston,  Katherine  Grace 
Walker,    Blanche 
Webb,  Lela 
Whaley,  Elizabeth 
Williamson,    June 
Williams,   Olive  Rose 
Wilson,  Ella  Bond 
Wilson,   Gertrude 
Witham,  Evelyn 
Word,  C.  E. 


G 

ALUMNI  DIRECTORY  (1925-1936)1 

By  Lucile  Derrick  and  Sam  Beckley 

FOUR-YEAR   GRADUATES 

Aaron,  William  George,*  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Kentucky,   1933. 

Ackerman,  Mrs.  Robert  (nee  Helena  Park),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High 
School  Teacher,  Corinth,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Acra,  C.  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,    1929. 

Adams,  Ben,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Carr  Creek,  Kentucky, 
1932-33;  Gander,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Carr  Creek,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Adams,  Mrs.  Kearney  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Graduate  Teacher, 
Garrard    County,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Adams,  Kearney  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Merchant,  Lancaster,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-35. 

Adams,  Mrs.  Lundy  (nee  Mary  Ann  Patton),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 
High  School  Teacher,  Taylorsville,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Adams,  Mrs.  Marion  F.  (nee  Mary  Katherine  McCord),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1929.    Teacher,  Shelby  and  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  1926-31. 

Adams,  Ollie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Williams- 
port,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Addis,  Frances    (See  Turner,  Mrs.  AV.  R.). 

Adkins,  Claude  D.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Superintendent,  Robertson 
County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Adkins,  Robert  Thompson,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Stu- 
dent,  University  of  Kentucky,   1930. 

Alexander,  Barbara,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Middlesboro,  Ken- 
tucky,  1934-35;    Benham,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Alexander,  Chester  R.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Tennessee,  1930.  Teacher.  Southwest  Baptist  College,  Missouri, 
1930-35. 

Allen,  Carl  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Ellisburg,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Allen,  Harriet  Floretta,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Allen,  Jack,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Prestonsburg,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 


1  See  the  last  paragraph  of  Chapter  XIV. 
*  Deceased. 


318  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Allen,  James  R.,  A.  B.,  Eatsern,  1935.  Teacher,  New  Haven  High 
School,  Boone   County,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Allen,  Mary  Evelyn,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Ferguson, 
Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Allie,  Mrs.  D.  C.  (nee  Thelma  Wagoner),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Gradu- 
ate Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1931.  H.  S.  Teacher,  Boyd 
County,   Kentucky,    1929-35. 

Alsip,  Joe  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Ky.  R.  R.  C.  employee,  1934-35. 
Grade   School   Superintendent,   Packard,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Amis,  Otis  Cecil,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1934;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody  College,  1930.  High  School 
Principal,  Knox  County,  Kentucky,  1929-30;  Grade  School  Prin- 
cipal, Grays,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  City  School  Superintendent,  Mt. 
Vernon,  Kentucky,  1931-35. 

Ammerman,  Mary  Jane,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1929;  University  of  Cincinnati,  1934-35. 
Grade  Teacher,  Irvine,  Kentucky,  1926-27,  Covington,  Kentucky, 
1927-28;  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Covington,  Kentucky, 
1928-35. 

Anderson,  Nelle  Evelyn,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Jones- 
ville,   Virginia,    1934-36. 

Anderson,  Ross  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Island  City,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;    Maxewan,   West  Virginia,   1934-36. 

Angel,  Gertrude  Hayes,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher, 
LaFollette,  Tennessee,  1934-35;  High  School  Librarian,  Williams- 
burg,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Angel,  Green  Berry,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Arbuckle,  Sara  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1926. 

Arnold,  Ansel  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  Assistant  High  School  Principal,  Oddville, 
Kentucky,  1931-32;  High  School  Principal,  Goforth,  Kentucky, 
1932-33;  Assistant  High  School  Principal,  Butler,  Kentucky, 
1933-35;   High  School  Principal,  Butler,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Arnold,  Sue  V.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1931.    Grade  Teacher,  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  1930-33. 

Arvin,  W.  J.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  A.,  College  of  Bible,  Transyl- 
vania University,  1935.  Pastor,  Big  Hill  Avenue  Christian  Church, 
Richmond,    Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Ashby,  Mrs.  William  (nee  Mary  Kathryn  Burns),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933. 
F.  E.  R.  A.   Teacher,   Ashland,   Kentucky,   1934-35. 

Ashcraft,  Lucy   (See  Leaver,  Mrs.   Sidney). 

Ashmore,  Robert  Ben,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacber,  Woodleigh 
School,   Mason   County,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  319 

Atkinson,  Mrs.  Stella  Congleton,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Stu- 
dent, University  of  Kentucky,  1930.  High  School  Teacher,  Irvine, 
Kentucky,  1929-35;  Assistant  High  School  Principal,  Irivne,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-35. 

Bailey,  Robert  J.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  School  Principal,  Smiley, 
Kentucky,   1932-33;    Frazier,   Kentucky,   1934-35. 

Ball,  Mrs.  Dewey  (nee  Bertha  Broaddus),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928.  High 
School  Teacher,  Whitley  City,  Kentucky,  1928-30;  Grade  Teacher, 
Revilo,  Kentucky,  1930-34;  Employee,  K.  E.  R.  A.  Office,  Stearns, 
Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Ball,  Willie  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Forks  of 
Elkhorn,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Ballard,  May  Douglas,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929. 

Ballinger,  Mrs.  Bessie  K.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Consolidated  School 
Principal,   Bethel,    Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Ballou,  Orvilee,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Pleasant 
View,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Ballon,  Mrs.  Raymond  Dempsey  (nee  Anna  Marie  Bogie),  B.  S., 
Eastern,  1933. 

Ballou,  Raymond  Dempsey,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Williamsburg,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Banks,  Edgar,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Whites- 
burg,  Kentucky,  1932-35. 

Barbe,   Emma  Frances,  A.   B.,   Eastern,   1935. 

Barrett,  Mrs.  R.  T.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  Junior  High  School  Teacher, 
Ashland,   Kentucky,  1930-35. 

Baugh,  Henry  M.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935;  Medical  Student,  University 
of   Louisville,   1935-36. 

Bayer,  Jack,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Law  Student,  University  of  Vir- 
ginia,  1933-36. 

Beckley,  Sam  Combs,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Assistant  Director  of  Ex- 
tension, Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers   College,  1935-36. 

Becknell,   Wilma,    B.    S.,    Eastern,   1935. 

Bell,  Ira,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-35.  High  School  Principal,  Garrett,  Kentucky,  1928-29; 
Superintendent,  Wayne  County,  Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Bell,  Mrs.  Julia  Goodpaster,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  Grade  School  Prin- 
cipal, Wayne  County,  Kentucky,  1930-35. 

Bell,  William  Gobel,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  Miami 
University,  1934-35.  High  School  Teacher,  Winchester,  Ohio, 
1934-36. 

Belwood,  Mary  Frances    (See  Fry,  Mrs.  Paul). 
Belue,  Ida  Helen   (See  Garriot,  Mrs.  W.  E.). 


320  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Bender,  Joseph  H.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Employee,  H.  Zussman  & 
Son,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1933-35;  Employee,  Accounting  Depart- 
ment, W.   P.   Clancy   &   Co.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio,   1935-36. 

Bentley,  C.  Frank,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Assistant  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Brock,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  High  School  Principal,  Brock, 
Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Bertram,  Anna  Louise,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student,  Ohio 
State  University,  1929,  Columbia  University,  1930.  Superintendent, 
Lewis  County  Schools,  Vanceburg,  Kentucky,  1923-35. 

Bertram,    Mrs.    Jessie    Shearer,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1934.     High    School 

Teacher,  Mill  Springs,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 
Bevins,    Mrs.    Ben   L.,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1932.     Grade    Teacher,    Huddy, 

Kentucky,   1932-33. 

Bevins,  Billie  Zetta,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929. 

Black,    Anna    Bales,    B.     S.,    Eastern,    1935.      Assistant    Director    of 

Cafeteria,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1935-36. 
Black,  Edward  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 
Blackwell,  Frances    (See  Mclntyre,  Mrs.  Frances). 
Blair,  Mrs.  Virgil   (nee  Sue  Mae  Chrisman),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 
Blanton,    Harvey    Chenault,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1933;    M.    D.,    University 

of   Louisville,    1936. 
Bodie,  Maynard  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 
Bogie,  Anna  Marie   (See  Ballou,  Mrs.  Dempsey). 
Bogie,  Edith,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.    Stenographer,  State  Bank  &  Trust 

Company,    Richmond,    Kentucky,    1934-35;    High    School    Teacher, 

Lynch,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Boleyn,  Betty  Jo   (See  Potter,  Mrs.  Lawrence  Wayne). 

Boiling,  Mrs.  Julia  Peters,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Teacher, 
Crofton,  Kentucky,  1931-33,  Linton,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  K.  E.  R.  A. 
Employee,  Manchester,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Boneta,   Mrs.   Ruth   Bingham,   A.   B.,   Eastern,   1933. 

Bowen,  Maude,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  Grade  Teacher,  Bowen,  Kentucky, 
1930-31;  Assistant  Principal,  Powell  County  High  School,  Stanton, 
Kentucky,  1931-32;  Superintendent,  Powell  County,  Kentucky, 
1932-36. 

Bowman,  Neal  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926.  Superintendent,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  1929-33;  Teacher,  Million,  Kingston,  Salyers- 
ville,  Hawesville,  Newby,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Boxley,  Mary,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky,  1929-35. 

Boxley,  Ruth   (See  Helmick,  Mrs.  Ruth  B.). 

Boyer,  Mildred,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Empolyee,  County  Health  Office, 
New  Castle,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         321 

Boyers,  Cecil,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Boyd,  Kentucky,  1932-33; 
K.  E.  R.  A.  Teacher,  1933-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Okemah,  Okla- 
homa, 1935-36. 

Brabant,  Mrs.  Stuart  (nee  Lana  Martine  Coates),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926. 
High   School   Teacher,   Lancaster,   Kentucky,   1926-27. 

Brackett,  Mrs.  Ben  (nee  Frances  L.  White),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 
Teacher,  Junction   City,  Kentucky,   1931-33. 

Branham,  Mary  Lou,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Louisa, 
Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Broaddus,  Bertha   (See  Ball,  Mrs.  Dewey). 

Broaddus,  Hazel,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930.  High  School  Teacher,  Finch- 
ville,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  Instructor,  Spencerian  Commercial 
School,  Louisville,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Broaddus,  Louise  Ballard,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Union 
City,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Cashier,  State  Theater,  Richmond,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934,  Madison  Theater,  Richmond,  Kentucky,   1935. 

Brock,   Lawrence   Otto,   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1935. 

Brock,  Margaret,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Crescent  Springs,  Kentucky, 
1932-33,  Nursery  School,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1933-35;  Grade 
Teacher,  Woodleigh  School,  Mason  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Brock,  Rey  Stocker,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1933. 

Brooks,  Mollie  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher,  Knott 
County,  Kentucky,  1929-33;  Grade  Teacher,  Gravel  Switch,  Ken- 
tucky,  1933-36. 

Brooks,  Sallie  F.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  Western 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  Summer,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Brodhead,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Broughton,  Daisy,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  straight  Creek, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Brown,  Ada  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Gee,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Brown,    Mrs.   Hubert    (nee   Ada    Mae    Hood),    A.     B.,     Eastern,     1931. 

Teacher,   Ashland,    Kentucky. 
Brown,  Robert  L.,   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1934;    Medical   Student,   University 

of   Louisville,   1934-35. 

Bryant,  Myrtle,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Mt.  Vernon, 
Kentucky,  1934-35;  Superintendent,  Rockcastle  County,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Buchanan,  Pattie  Ree,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Myers, 
E.  S.  T.  C— 11 


322  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Kentucky,    1934-35;    K.  E.  R.  A.    Employee,    Frenchburg,    Kentucky, 
1935-36. 
Buckles,    Mrs.   James    C.    (nee   Geneva   Jane   Hord),   A.   B.,     Eastern, 
1930.     Teacher,    Whitley    City,    Kentucky,    Parksville,    Kentucky, 
Harlan,  Kentucky,  Hardburly,  Kentucky;    Teacher,  Florida. 

Burch,  Lucian,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Tyner, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Burnam,  Curtis  Field,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Employee,  Hemphill 
Noyes  &  Co.,  New  York  City,  1935-36. 

Burnette,  James  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Clarks  Sta- 
tion, Kentucky,  1934-35,  Burks  Branch,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Burns,   Mary  Kathryn    (See   Ashby,   Mrs.  William). 

Bush,  Georgia  Mildred,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1934. 

Bush,   Sallie  T.    (See  Harney,  Mrs.  James  W.). 

Cable,  Eula  Mae  (See  Taylor,  Mrs.  A.  H). 

Cable,  Euphemia   (See  Hieronymus,  Mrs.  Mark). 

Calico,  Hazel  Virginia    (See  Little,  Mrs.  Thomas). 

Callebs,   Mrs.  Dora,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 

Campbell,  Green  Washington,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  M.  A.,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1930.  High  School  Principal,  Corbin,  Kentucky, 
1925-28;    City  School  Superintendent,  Corbin,   Kentucky,  1928-36. 

Campbell,  Odell,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Principal,  Parm- 
leysville,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Campbell,  Walter,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Fourmile,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  High 
School  Principal,  Rockhold,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Canfield,  Kenneth  B.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Salesman,  Canfield  Motor 
Company,   Richmond,   Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Carpenter,  J.  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Merchant,  Waddy  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Carpenter,  Katie  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  M.  A.,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1931.  Critic  Teacher,  Rural  Demonstration  School,  Eastern 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  192S-36. 

Carpenter,  Robert  M.,  B.   S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Carpenter,  Valley,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929.  Grade  Teacher,  Quicksand, 
Kentucky,    1929-30,    Laurel    Hill,    Kentucky,    1930-36. 

Carroll,  Mrs.  Ralph  (nee  Mary  Earle  Moberly),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928. 
High  School  Teacher,  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  1928-30. 

Carson,  Edna  Virginia,  A.  B„  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher. 
Saxton.  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Carter,  Gilbert  William,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1932. 

Carter,  Mrs.  Melba  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student.  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky  and  Peabody  College. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  323 

Carty,  D.  J.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University  o£ 
Cincinnati,  1934.  Superintendent,  Magoffin  County,  Kentucky, 
1933-36. 
Case,  Mrs.  Emma  Y.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College, 
1930.  Critic  Teacher,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1926-29; 
Associate  Professor  of  Education,  Eastern,  1930-32;  Dean  of 
Women,  Eastern,   1932-36. 

Castle,  Fannie  Mae   (See  Hand,  Mrs.  William  G.). 

Cawood,  James  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Junior  High  School  Principal, 
Harlan,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Superintendent,  Harlan  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-35. 

Chadwell,  J.  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Employee,  J.  C.  Penney  Co.,  Cor- 
bin,  Ky.,  1933;  Assistant  Manager,  J.  C.  Penney  Store,  Henderson- 
ville,  North  Carolina,  1934,  Johnson  City,  Tennessee,   1934-35. 

Chadwell,  William  0.,  A.  B.,  Eastern  1926.  High  School  Teacher, 
Everetta.  Kentucky,  1926-27.  Teacher,  Kidville  School,  Clark 
County,  Kentucky,  1927-28;  Springley  Graded  School,  Kenton 
County,  Kentucky,  192S-29;  Forest  Hill  Graded  School,  Kenton 
County,  Kentucky,  1930-32;  Bethlehem  School,  Owsley  County, 
Kentucky,   1932-34. 

Chambers,  Daisy  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Camp- 
ton,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Chambers,  Eleanor   (See  Hamilton,  Mrs.  Ray). 

Chambers,  Henry  Clay,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Evarts,  Kentucky,  1928-29; 
Burnside,   Kentucky,   1930-36. 

Champ,  Mrs.  Bernice   (See  Roberts,  Mrs.  Richard  Whitefield ) . 

Champion,  Bernice  Elmond,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher 
and   Coach,   Cornishville,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Champion,  James  Bruce,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Asst.  Prin.,  Fairview 
High  School,  Mercer  County,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Chandler,  Robert  Edwinn,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Nina,  Kentucky,  1929-30.  Principal,  Woodbine  School.  Whit- 
ley County,  Kentucky,  1931;  Meadow  Creek  School,  Whitley 
County,  Kentucky,  1932;  Barton  High  School,  Whitley  County, 
Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Chasteen,  Grace  Elnora,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Finch- 
ville,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Cheatham,  Sueanna  (See  Simms,  Mrs.  Frank  W.). 

Cheek,  William  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Lawrence  County, 
Kentucky.   1927-29;    Webb,  West  Virginia,   1929-33. 

Chenault,   Katherine,   A.  B.,  Eastern,   1934. 

Chesnut,  Clark  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  Principal,  Hazel  Green  High 
School,  Laurel  County,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 


324  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Chinn,  Hariette  Lorraine,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1933.  Grade  School  Principal,  Wurtland, 
Kentucky,   1932-33;    Siloan,   Kentucky,   1933-35. 

Chrisman,  Sue  Mae    (See  Blair,  Mrs.  Virgil). 

Clark,  Mabel   (See  Jordan,  Mrs.  John). 

Clark,  Minor  Edward,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1935;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1935. 

Clay,  Thelma,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932.  Teacher,  Model  High  School,  Eastern  Kentucky 
Teachers  College,  1932-33;  Nurse,  Schirrman  Hospital,  Ports- 
mouth, Ohio. 

Clayton,  S.  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Morehouse,  Missouri, 
1930-31;  High  School  Principal,  Morehouse,  Missouri,  1931-32;  City 
School  Superintendent,  Morehouse,  Missouri,  1932-35. 

Clift,  Lillian  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  Boulder  Uni- 
versity, Colorado,  1929.  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Ludlow, 
Kentucky,   1927-34. 

Clifton,  Wilburn  Parker,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  D.,  University  of 
Louisville,   1933.     Physician,   1934-3G. 

Coates,  Dellah  Marie   (See  Weisenberg,  Mrs.  L.  B.).* 

Coates,  James  Dorland,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College, 
1931;  Graduate  Student,  Colorado  College  of  Education,  1935. 
Principal,  Buckeye  High  School,  Garrard  County,  Kentucky, 
1927-29;  High  School  Teacher,  Shelbyville,  Kentucky,  1929-30; 
Critic,  Model  High  School,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College, 
1931-35;   Principal,  Model  High  School,  Eastern,  1935-36. 

Coates,  Lana  Martine    (See  Brabant,  Mrs.  Stuart). 

Coates,  Thomas  Henry,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1932.  Instructor,  New  River  State  College,  Montgomery, 
West  Virginia,  1935-36. 

Cobb,  Harry  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Fairbanks, 
Kentucky,  1933-35. 

Cohorn,  Howard,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Franklin 
County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Collins,  Benjamin  I.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student  University 
of  Cincinnati,  1934.  High  School  Principal,  Gander,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;  Instructor,  Chillicothe  Business  College.  Cbillicothe,  Mis- 
souri, 1935-36. 

Collins,   Estelle,   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1933. 

Colvin,  James  YV.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Robertson 
County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

*  Deceased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  325 

Combs,  Beckham,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Whitesburg,  Kentucky,  1929-32;  Superintendent  Knott 
County,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Congleton,  Frank,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Farmer,  Madison  Coounty,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Congleton,  Mrs.  Mary  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1934-35.  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Rich- 
mond, Kentucky,  1930-32;  Senior  High  School  Teacher,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Conley,  Dan,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Franklin 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Connelly,  Mrs.  Ronald  (nee  Ruth  Shaeffer),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 
Grade  Teacher,  Elliston,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  High  School  Teacher, 
Dry  Ridge,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Conrad,  Louise  Bracht,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati.     Grade  Teacher,  Walton,  Kentucky,  1931-34. 

Cook,  D.  B.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  School  Principal,  Louellen, 
Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Cook,  Edward  K.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Living- 
ston, Kentucky,  1932-34;  City  School  Superintendent,  Livingston, 
Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cook,  Effie.  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Methodist  Home, 
Versailles,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Cooper,  Vanburen,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Woodford 
College;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1930;  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina,  1933.  High  School  Principal,  Caroleen, 
North  Carolina,  1929-33;  Superintendent,  Henrietta-Avondale- 
Caroleen  School,  North  Carolina,   1934-36. 

Coppage,  Christine,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Bradfords- 
ville.   Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Cord,  Emma  Harrison,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Win- 
netka,    Illinois,    1930.      Grade   Teacher,    Irvine,    Kentucky,    1928-36. 

Cornett,  Mrs.  Beulah  H.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Burning 
Springs,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cornett,  James  H.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1933.  Teacher  and  Coach,  Buckeye  High  School, 
Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  1930-33;  High  School  Principal, 
Bourne,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Principal,  AVrens  View  School.  Paint 
Lick,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cornett,  Larkin  Custer,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1932. 

Cornett,  Oliver  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Principal,  Foger- 
town,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Cornett,  Willie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930.     Teacher,  Dripping  Springs,  Ken- 


326  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

tucky,  1927-28,  Burning  Springs,  Kentucky,  1930,  Fogertown,  Ken- 
tucky,  1931-34. 

Corum,  Ruth,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.     High  School  Teacher,  Corbin,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cosby,  Sara,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Erlanger,  Ky., 
1933-36. 

Coslow,  Mrs.  Brunette  Money,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  Grade  Teacher, 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  1929-31. 

Cox,  Albert  Bond,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Kings  Mountain,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Cox,  Ernestine,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Spring  Lake, 
Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cox,  Frances,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Anderson  County, 
Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Cox,  Lillian  Pearl   (See  May,  Mrs.  Chas.). 

Cox,  Mrs.  Meredith  J.    (nee  Elizabeth  Highland),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 

Cralle,  Myrtle  Marguerite,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Cov- 
ington, Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Crace,  Allington,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Booneville,  Kyentucky,  1931-33;  Employee,  F.  E.  R.  A.  Of- 
fice, Booneville,  Kentucky,  1934;  County  Agent,  Boone  Count}', 
Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Cross,  Alfred,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Junction 
City,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Cross,  Chester  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Crudden,  Mrs.  Charles  H.,  Jr.  (nee  Mae  Mahaffey),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1930;  M.  A.,  University  of  Michigan,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  1932-33. 

Crumbaugh,  Albert  W.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Assistant  Editor,  Hick- 
man Courier,  Hickman,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Culton,  Martha  Jane,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1933-34.  Secretary  to  Registrar,  Eastern 
Kentucky   Teachers   College,    1934-36. 

Cummins,  Eliza  Anderson   (See  Rankin,  Mrs.  Pat). 

Cummins,  Mrs.  Josephine  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Kentucky,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Danville,  Kentucky. 
1934-36. 

Cuppy,  Florence  Montelle,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Cincinnati.  Grade  Teacher,  Dayton,  Kentucky, 
1927-30.  Cincinnati,  Ohio,   1930-36. 

Dalzelle,  Edith,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Cane  Ridge, 
Kentucky,  1932-33,  Little  Rock,  Kentucky,  1933-35. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  827 

Damron,  George  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.     Teacher,  Cumberland  High 

School,  Praise,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 
Daniel,  Mary    (See  Gabbard,  Mrs.   Thomas,   Jr.). 
Davis,  Mrs.  Allen,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1931.     High  School  Teacher,  Berry, 

Kentucky,   1931-36. 

Davis,  Robert  Edward,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Science  Hill, 
Kentucky,  1932-34;  Educational  Advisor,  C.  C.  C.  Camp,  Garrard, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Deaton,  Thomas,  A.  B„  Eastern,  1935. 

DeJarnette,  Nannie  Belle,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Instructor,  Black- 
stone  College,  Blackstone,  Virginia,  1935-36. 

Denham,  Mitchel,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Consolidated  School  Principal, 
Garrison,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Dennis,  Joe,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Sales  Manager,  Auburn  Motor  Com- 
pany, Lexington,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Teacher,  Fairview  High 
School,  Mercer  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Derrick,  Lucile,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1934. 
Secretary  to  Director  of  Research,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  Col- 
lege, 1931-34;   Assistant  to  Director  of  Research,  Eastern,  1934-36. 

DeWitt,  Raymond  Talmadge,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  M.  A.  Peabody  Col- 
lege, 1935.  Camp  Director  of  Physical  Education,  Tennessee  Ridge, 
Tennessee,  1935;  Director  of  Physical  Education,  Georgia  South- 
western College,  Americus,  Georgia,  1935-36. 

Dial,  Fred,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Duke  University, 
1934.  High  School  Teacher,  West  Hamlin,  West  Virginia,  1930-34; 
Assistant  City  School  Superintendent.  Hamlin,  West  Virginia, 
1934-35. 

Dixon,  Roxie  Mclntyre,  B.   S.,   Eastern,   1935. 

Dixon,  Thelma  (See  Morton,  Mrs.  Casey). 

Doane,  W.  F.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.     High  School  Principal,  Corbin,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Dorris,  Donald  Hugh,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935;  Graduate  Student  and  Stu- 
dent Assistant,  University  of  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Douds,  Harold  Lowen,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh,  1930.  Teacher,  Robertson  County,  Kentucky, 
1929-30;  Teacher,  Pennsylvania,  1931-32. 

Dowell,  E.  Clifton,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Flying  Cadet,  Army  Air  Corps, 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  1934;  Grade  Teacher,  Catlettsburg,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Dryden,  Ray  N.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Superintendent,  Robertson 
County,  Kentucky,  1933-35;  N.  Y.  A.  Employee,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1935-36. 


328  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Dudley,  Florence  Louise,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Stenographer,  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,   London,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Dudley,  Mabel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Special  Study,  Arthur  Jordan 
Conservatory,  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Hazard, 
Kentucky,  1930-31,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Dunbar,  Mary  Lou,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  White  Hall, 
Kentucky,  1932-33;  Teacher,  Crab  Orchard,  Kentucky,  1933-35; 
Grade  Teacher,  Million,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Dunbar,  Ora,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Russell  Springs, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Dunbar,  Verna,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  H.  S.  Teacher,  Kirksville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 

Dunbar,  Mrs.  Virginia  Todd,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Red  House 
High  School,  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Durham,  Margaret,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Secretary  to  District  Super- 
visor of  K.  E.  R.  E.,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Durr,  Haldon,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Hartford, 
Kentucky,  1931-33. 

Duvall,  Rachel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932-36. 

Dyer,  Bennie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Dyer,  Hazel  Tackett,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Dykes,  Norma  Katherine,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student, 
Columbia  University,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
1929-36. 

East,  Lucy  Sloan,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Mill  Springs,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Eastin,  Irvin,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Special  Study,  Actual  Business  Col- 
lege and  Goodyear  Industrial  University,  1934-35. 

Ecton,  Mrs.  Nancy  Gray,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Edwards,  Ida  Frances,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Stenographer,  Frankfort, 
Kentucky,  1933;  C.  W.  A.  Office,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1934;  Sears, 
Roebuck,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1935;  Office  of  District  Supervisor, 
K.  E.  R.  E.,   Ashland,   Kentucky,   1935. 

Edwards,  Mary  Turpin,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Danville, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Egner,  Iva  Faye  (See  Howe,  Mrs.  Charles  D.). 

Elliott,  Esther  Helen,  A.  B..  Eastern.  1931;  Graduate  Student.  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1934,  Miami  University,  1935.  Grade  Teacher, 
Covington,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Elliott,  Irene  J.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  High  School  Teacher,  Jackson, 
Kentucky,   1931-32,   Logan,   West  Virginia,   1932-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         329 

Elliott,  Mabel  K,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1934.  Teacher,  Holmes  Junior  High  School,  Cov- 
ington, Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Ellis,  Henry  Lawrence,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  M.  A.,  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, 1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Louisa,  Kentucky,  1927-29;  City 
School  Superintendent,  Louisa,  Kentucky,  1930-36;  Instructor, 
Morehead,  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  Summer,  1932. 

Ellison,  Clarence,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Principal,  Highland  High 
School,  Lincoln  County,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Ellison,  Evelyn,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929.  Teacher,  Stone,  Kentucky, 
1929-31;   Grade  Teacher,  Waynesburg,  Kentucky,  1931-33. 

Elmore,  Elizabeth  Earle,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Elston,  Mary,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Bedford, 
Kentucky,   1934-35;    Grade  Teacher,  Carlisle,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Epperson,  Mrs.  Helen  Johnson,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher, 
Pikeville,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Estes,  Eubie  Kate  (See  Tiller,  Mrs.  B.  L.). 

Estridge,  Burnam,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Stearns,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932-35;    K.  E.  R.  A.  Employee,  Liberty,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Estridge,  Lucille,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Paint  Lick, 
Kentucky,  1932-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Cantersville,  Kentucky, 
1934-35. 

Evans,  Ethel  Lee,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927.  Teacher,  Cobar,  Bell  County, 
Kentucky,  192S-29,  Hignite,  Bell  County,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Hard- 
burly,  Perry  County,  Kentucky,  1931,  Caxton,  Harlan  County, 
Kentucky,  1931-33. 

Evans,  George  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Superintendent  Mason  County, 
Kentucky,  1933-34;  District  Supervisor,  Kentucky  Emergency  Edu- 
cation, Maysville,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Assistant  Director,  Ken- 
tucky N.  Y.  A.,  1935-36. 

Evans,  Hazel,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Speedwell, 
Kentucky,  1932-34,  Beattyville,  Kentucky,  1934-36 

Evans,  Mrs.  Leslie  (nee  Georgetta  AValker),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 
Grade  Teacher,  Garrard  County,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Evans,  Mabel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Ken- 
tucky,  1932-34,  McKee,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Evans,  Tom  M.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Verne,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;  High  School  Principal,  Carpenter,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Evans,  Mrs.  W.  K.,  Jr.  (nee  Dorothy  Terrill),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 
Teacher,  Bell  and  Shelby  Counties,  Kentucky,  1924-31. 

Eversole,  Mrs.  Anna  Lane,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Boone- 
ville,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Eversole,  Arthur  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1933.     Junior  High   School  Prin- 


330  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

cipal,    Viper,    Kentucky,    1933-35;    Senior    High    School    Principal, 
Viper,    Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Eversole,  Thomas  W.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Principal, 
Valley  View,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Stenographer,  K.  E.  R.  A.  Office, 
Booneville,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Fairchild,  Nell,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Cooper,  Ken- 
tucky, 1935-36. 

Fairchild,  Mrs.  T.  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Boyd 
County,  Kentucky,   1932-33. 

Farley,  Claude  H.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1929-30.  High  School  Principal,  Auxier,  Kentucky, 
1928-30,  Garrett,  Kentucky,  1930-34;  Superintendent,  Pike  County, 
Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Farley,  Curtis,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Benham, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Farley,  Lewis  Clyde,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Chandler,  Okla- 
homa, 1931-32,  McVeigh,  Kentucky,  1933;  High  School  Principal, 
Meta,  Kentucky,  1934,  Hellar,  Kentucky,  1935. 

Farris,  Mrs.  J.  D.   (nee  Zola  White),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929. 

Faulkner,  Glenn,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Saxton, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Faust,  Mrs.  John  (nee  Eula  Fike),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School 
Teacher,  Waco,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Feinstein,  Paul  S.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Director  of  Fine  Arts,  Union 
College,   Barbourville,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Ferrell,  Geneva,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  Kindergarten  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;  Grade  Teacher,  Carlisle,  Kentucky,  1934-35,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Fields,  Cyril  O.,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  School  Principal,  Cum- 
berland, Kentucky,  1933-35. 

Fields,  Davis  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1929;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody  College,  1930.  Grade  School 
Principal,  Grayson,  Kentucky,  1929;  City  School  Superintendent, 
West  Point,  Kentucky,  1930;  Teacher,  Shawnee  High  School, 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  1930-36. 

Fike,  Eula    (See  Faust,  Mrs.  John). 

Fish.  Margaret  Louise,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1935. 

Fitzgerald,  Walter  Louis,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher  and  Coach, 
Bald   Knob  Higb  School,  Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Floyd,  Mary,  A.  B„  Eastern,  1925;  B.  S.  in  Library  Science.  Columbia 
University,    1933;     M.    A.,    Columbia    University,    1929;     Graduate 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         331 

Student,  University  of  Chicago.  Instructor,  Eastern  Kentucky 
Teachers  College,  1925-29;   Librarian,  Eastern,  1929-35. 

Floyd,  Samantha,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  School  Principal,  Lin- 
coln County,  Kentucky,  1933,  Bandy,  Kentucky,  1934;  High  School 
Teacher  and   Librarian,   Nancy,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Folmer,  C.  Fred,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody  Col- 
lege, 1935.  Teacher  and  Librarian,  Lloyd  Memorial  High  School, 
Erlanger,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Ford,   Alice    L.,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1935.      Grade    Teacher,    Troy    School, 

Woodford  County,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 
Forman,    Mary    D.    T.,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1932.      Teacher,    Bethel,    Bath 

County,  Kentucky,  1932-33. 
Foster,   Mrs.   Sadie   D.,   A.    B.,   Eastern,   1932;    Graduate   Student,   Ohio 

LTniversity,  1933. 
Fonts,  John  D.,  B.   S.,  Eastern,   1932;    M.  D.,  University  of  Louisville, 

1935. 
Fowler,   Sudie  B.    (See  McGladdery,  Mrs.  W.  H.). 
Franks,   Evabel,   A.    B.,   Eastern,    1932.     Teacher,    Florence,    Kentucky, 

1932-33. 
Frey,  Lucy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Fry,  Mrs.  Paul  (nee  Mary  Frances  Belwood),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 
Fryman,  Vergil  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;   Graduate  Student,  University 

of  Chicago,    1934.    Teacher   and   Coach,   Washington   High    School, 

Maysville,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 
Gabbard,   Mrs.   Thomas,   Jr.    (nee   Mary   Daniel),   B.    S.,   Eastern,   1930. 

High  School  Teacher,  Stanton,  Kentucky,  1930-31;   Grade  Teacher, 

Island  City,   Kentucky,   1933-34,   Escel.   Kentucky,   1934-36. 
Gaffney,  W.  C,  A.   B.,   Eastern,   1935. 
Gaines,    Charles    Floyd,    A.    B.,   Eastern,    1931.      High    School   Teacher, 

Owenton,    Kentucky,    1931-35;    Ford    Dealer,    Williamstown,    Ken- 
tucky, 1935-36. 
Gaines,   Wilfred   H,   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1933.     High   School   Teacher  and 

Coach,  Perryville,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 
Galbraith,    Shirley,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1929;     Graduate    Student,    Uni- 
versity   of    Kentucky,    1930.      High    School    Teacher,    Brooksville, 

Kentucky,   1929-30. 
Gannaway,  Virginia,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1934.     High  School  Teacher,  Mc- 

Henry,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 
Gantley,  Annabel.   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1935.     Grade  Teacher,   Washington, 

Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Gantley,    Christine    L.,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1933.      Grade   Teacher,    Dover, 

Kentucky,  1932-36. 
Garret,  Carl,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.    Assistant  Education  Advisor,  C.  C.  C. 


332  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Camp,  Cadiz,  Kentucky,  1933-35;   Teacher,  Gleneyrie  High  School, 
Shelby  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Garriot,  Mrs.  W.  E.  (nee  Ida  Helen  Belue),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 
Grade  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1933-34. 

Gatrell,  Mrs.  Samuel  (nee  Mollie  Hays),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High 
School  Teacher,  Ashland,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Gay,  Leslie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Combs,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 

Gilliam,  Ada  Gray,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Corbin,  Ken- 
tucky,  1935-36. 

Gilmore,  Charles  M.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1927.  Special  Study,  Bradley 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Peoria,  Illinois;  High  School  Teacher,  Haz- 
ard, Kentucky,  1925-31;  High  School  Principal,  Hardburly,  Ken- 
tucky,  1931-36. 

Goatley,  Pauline,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Sandy 
Hook,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Goodloe,  Paul  Miller,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Tennessee,   1932-33. 

Goodman,  Keener  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;   Graduate  Student,  Peabody 
College.     Grade  Teacher  and  Principal,  Coxton,  Kentucky,  1928-35. 
Gover,  Mrs.  Roy   (nee  Virginia  Moody),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Gragg,  Elizabeth  Geraldine,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Kindergarten 
Teacher,  Pineville,  Kentucky,  1934;    K.  E.  R.  A.  Employee,  1935-36. 

Graham,  0.  J.,  B.   S.,  Eastern,   1930;    Graduate  Student,  University  of 

Chicago.     Teacher,  Maysville,  Kentucky;    Teacher,  Illinois. 
Gray,  Mrs.   Mary  Robinson,  A.   B.,  Eastern,   1932.     Teacher,  Fairview 

High  School,  Mercer  County,  Kentucky,  1932-35. 
Greene,  Cyrus  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;    Graduate  Student,  University 

of    Kentucky,    1935.      Teacher,    Lusby    Mill    High    School,    Owen 

County,  Kentucky,  1931-34;    High  School  Teacher,  Owenton,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 
Gregory,  Edith  Joyce,  A.  B„  Eastern,  1935. 
Griffith,  Fleming  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.     High  School  Teacher,  White 

Hall,  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1932-33;   Grade  School  Principal, 

Ravenna,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 
Griggs,  Mrs.  John    (nee  Harriet  Million),  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1929.     High 

School  Teacher,  Newby,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 
Grinsteail,   Beverly  M.,   B.   S..  Eastern,   1933.     Grade  Teacher,   Madison 

County,   Kentucky,   1933-36. 
Grow,  Mrs.  Edna  Scott,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 
C s.h wind,    Esther,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1931.      Grade    Teacher,    Erlanger, 

Kentucky,  1931-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         333 

Gullett,  William  Preston,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926.     Merchant,  Stacy  Fork, 

Kentucky,   1926-36. 
Guy,  Robert  L.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.     High  School  Teacher  and  Coach. 

Finchville,    Kentucky,    1932-34;    Teacher,    Mapleton    High    School, 

Mt.  Sterling,  Kentucky,  1934-35;   Principal,  Mapleton  High  School, 

1935-38. 
Hacker,  Henry,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.     High  School  Teacher  and  Coach, 

McRoberts,    Kentucky,    1931-32;    Merchant,    Heidelberg,    Kentucky, 

1932-34;    Teacher,    Spencer    Ridge,    Kentucky,    1934-35;     Farmer, 

Heidelberg,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Hale,  E.  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.     High  School  Teacher,  AVhitesburg, 

Kentucky,   1929-36. 
Hale,  Herman,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.     High  School  Teacher,  Mt.  Olivet, 

Kentucky,  1932-36. 
Hale,  Lawrence,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.    Farmer,  Cody,  Kentucky,  1932-33; 

Teacher,  Mayslick,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 
Hale,  Little  G,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.     High  School  Teacher  and  Coach, 

McKinney,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Hale,  Zelda,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.     Teacher,  Betsy  Lane  High   School, 

Floyd   County,   Kentucky,   1932-33. 
Hall,  Willie  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.     High  School  Teacher,  McKinney, 

Kentucky,   1933-36. 
Haller,  Mrs.    (nee  Jessie  Bell  Pletcher),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930. 
Hamblin,  Sara  Jane,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.     Grade  Teacher,  Typo,  Ken- 
tucky,   1934-35;    Junior    High    School    Teacher,    Shoal,    Kentucky, 

1935-36. 
Hamilton,  G.  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;   Graduate  Student,  University  of 

Kentucky,  1935;   Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1935-36. 
Hamilton,   Hargis,   B.    S.,   Eastern,   1932.     Teacher,   Flat   Gap,   Johnson 

County,  Kentucky,  1933-34. 

Hamilton,  Nancy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Ken- 
tucky,  1932-33. 

Hamilton,  Orville,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Robertson  County, 
Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Hamilton,  Mrs.  Ray  (nee  Eleanor  Chambers),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 

Hamlin,  R.  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  School  Principal,  Coopera- 
tive, Kentucky,   1934-35. 

Hammonds,  Mrs.  Colonel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Bowen,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-33,  Buena  Vista,  Kentucky,  1933-34,  Bryantsville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 

Hammonds,  Colonel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1931,  1935.     High  School  Principal,  Bourne,  Ken- 


334  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

tucky,    1930-33,   Buena   Vista,    Kentucky,    1933-34;    Superintendent, 
Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Hancock,  Carl  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935. 

Hand,  Mrs.  William  G.   (nee  Fannie  Mae  Castle),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931. 

Hardin,  Marvin  R.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  "Washington 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Principal,  Kirkland  High  School, 
Washington  County,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Harmon,  Clarence  D.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Principal,  Morgansburg 
School,  Maysville,  Ky.,  1933-34;  High  School  Principal,  Pine  Knott, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Harmon,  Judson  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1930,  1934.  City  School  Principal,  Whitley  City,  Ken- 
tucky, 1926-29;  Bookkeeper,  Stearns,  Kentucky,  1929-30;  Junior 
High  School  Principal,  Prestonsburg,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  High 
School  Teacher,  Shoopman,  Kentucky,  1931-33;  Member  of  Ken- 
tucky General  Assembly,  1934-35;  Representative  of  Ginn  &  Com- 
pany, Columbus,  Ohio,  1935-36. 

Harmon,  Mrs.  Willa  F.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Fidelity  High 
School,  Shoopman,  Kentucky,  1933-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Pine 
Knott,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Harney,  Mrs.  Clarence  (nee  Elizabeth  Hume),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925. 
Teacher,  Millersburg,  Kentucky,   1924-2S. 

Harney,  Mrs.  James  W.  (nee  Sallie  T.  Bush),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930; 
Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher, 
Clark   County,    Kentucky,    1925-36. 

Harper,  William  R.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Lockport, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Harris,  Annie  Alice,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Garrard  Con- 
solidated Schools,  Floyd  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Harris,  Lelia  Jane,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student.  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1931,  1934,  1935.  Superintendent,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky.  1929-30;  High  School  Teacher,  Mt.  Vernon. 
Kentucky,  1930-34;  K.  E.  R.  A.  Teacher,  Frankfort,  Kentucky, 
1934-35;  Representative,  Frontier  Publishing  Company,  1935-36. 

Harrison,  Rosell  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher.  Beechwood  School. 
Shelby  County,  Kentucky,  1932;  High  School  Teacher,  Junction 
City.    Kentucky.   1934-36. 

Harrod,  Justice  Goebel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  Teacher,  Henderson 
County,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Irvington  Graded  School.  Breckinridge 
County,  Kentucky,  1931-32. 
Hart,  Benjamin  Franklin,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1925:  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  University  of  Chicago.  Teacher,  Ashland, 
Kentucky;  Teacher,  Illinois. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  335 

Hart,  Charles  W.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930.  High  School  Teacher,  Flem- 
ing, Kentucky,  1930-34;  Superintendent,  Nelson  County,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Hatfield,  Edna  Grace,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Cannonsburg,  Kentucky,  1935-38. 

Hayes,  Mollie  E.    (See  Gatrell,  Mrs.  Samuel). 

Hays,  Foster  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Lincoln  County, 
Kentucky,  1932-34,  Bullitt  County,   Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Helm,  Susan  R.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Western 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Simp- 
sonville,   Kentucky,   1929-36. 

Helmick,  Mrs.  Russell  (nee  Ruth  Boxley),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade 
Teacher,  Covington,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Helton,  Vina  Siler,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Gray,  Kentucky, 
Wilton,  Kentucky,  Calvary,  Kentucky,  Woodbine,  Kentucky. 

Hemlepp,  Kathryn  Frances,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher, 
Wylie  School,  Ashland,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Henderson,  Earl  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Bethlehem, 
Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Hendrix,  Dewey,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  Feabody  College,  1935. 
Assistant  High  School  Principal,  Hyden,  Kentucky,  1927-28;  In- 
structor, Witherspoon  College,  Buckhorn,  Kentucky,  1928-36. 

Hendrix,  Robert  B.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Hazard, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Hensley,  Carlo,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1933.  Teacher,  Sibert,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  Employee, 
S.  S.  Kresge  Company,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Herbst,  Miriam,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Junior  High  School, 
Ashland,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Herron,  Shirley  Olive,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Music  Supervisor,  Frank- 
lin County,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Hicks,  Clarissa,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931:  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  Teacher,  St.  Helens  High  School,  Lee  County, 
Kentucky,  1931-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Booneville,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Hieronymus,  James  Harold,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Salesman,  Rich- 
mond, Kentucky,  1933-34;  Accountant  and  Salesman,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Hieronymus,  Margaret,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931:  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1935.  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
1933-36. 

Hieronymus,  Mrs.  Mark  (nee  Euphemia  Cable),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931. 
High  School  Teacher,  St.  Helens,  Kentucky,  1931-34,  Crossville, 
Tennessee,  1934-36. 


336  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Hill,  Don  W.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Field  Representative,  Central  Phar- 
macal  Company,  1935-36. 

Hill,  Edward  George,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935;  Law  Student,  University  of 
Cincinnati,   1935-36. 

Hill,  Gladys,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S.  High  School  Teacher,  Campton, 
Kentucky,  1928-29,  Pine  Mountain  Settlement  School,  1929-36. 

Hill,  Thelma  Brown,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Clark 
County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Hinkle,  Brooks  Allen,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Bourbon  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Hinkle,  Mrs.  Chester  (nee  Garnett  Talley),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade 
Teacher,   Shelbyville,  Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Hobing,  Mrs.  Jack  Hunter  (nee  Mildred  Ann  Mayes),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1932;  Special  Study,  Spencerian  Commercial  College,  Louisville, 
1935.     Grade  Teacher,  Pleasureville,   Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Hogan,  Herbert,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Employee,  A.  A.  A.,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  1935;  High  School  Teacher,  Frankfort,  Ken- 
tucky,  1935-36. 

Hohnhorst,  Anthony,  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1933.  Teacher,  St.  James  High  School,  Lud- 
low, Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Holbrook,  Andrew  L.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher, 
Neon,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Holbrook,  French,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Stevenson,  Kentucky,  1931-32, 
Bays,  Kentucky,  1932;  High  School  Teacher,  Quicksand,  Kentucky, 
1933;    Grade   School    Principal,    Hardshell,    Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Holbrook,  Martha,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher,  Owen- 
ton,  Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Hollar,  Gladys,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Saltwell.  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-34,  Ellisville,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Grade  School  Princi- 
pal,  Ellisville,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Holtzclaw,  Mrs.  J.  B.  (nee  Maude  Wilson),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926. 
Teacher,  Madison,  Garrard,  Mercer  Counties,  Kentucky. 

Honchcll,  Frances,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Fairview  High 
School,  Mercer  County.  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Hood,  Ada  Mae   (See  Brown,  Mrs.  Hubert). 

Hood,  Claude  H.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student.  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932.  Bookkeeper,  Andrew  Steel  Mill,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
1926-27;  High  School  Principal,  Grays,  Kentucky.  1927-28,  Soldier. 
Kentucky,  L928-31;  Grade  School  Teacher,  Brinegar,  Kentucky, 
193 1-32;  High  School  Principal.  Newton.  Kentucky,  1932-33; 
Farmer,  Georgetown,  Kentucky,  1933-35;  Grade  Teacher,  George- 
tuwii.   Kentucky,   L935-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         337 

Hord,  Ben,  Jr.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1935. 
Employee,  Reform  School,  1933;  Teacher,  Boyd  County  High 
School,   Cannonsburg,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Hord,  Geneva  Jane   (See  Buckles,  Mrs.  James  C). 

Horn,  Charles  Allen,   B.   S.,   Eastern,   1935. 

Horn,   Currey,  A.   B.,  Eastern,   1932.     Merchant,   1932-34;    High   School 

Teacher,   Cornishville,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 
Horton,  Herman,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1930;    Graduate   Student,  University 

of    Kentucky,    1933.      Principal,    Grahn    Graded    School,    Grayson, 

Kentucky,    1931-34;    Superintendent,    Grayson    County,    Kentucky, 

1934-36. 
Horton,  Z.  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.     High  School  Teacher,  Winchester, 

Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Hoskins,   Denver,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1934;    Graduate   Student,   University 

of  Kentucky,  1935.     Teacher,  Loyall,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 
Hovisns,  Mrs.  Betty  Martin,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1931;    Graduate   Student, 

University  of   Kentucky,    1935.     High   School  Teacher,   McKinney, 

Kentucky,   1931-36. 
Howard,  Delmon,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.     Junior  High  School  Principal, 

Beaver,  Kentucky,   1934-35;    Grade  School  Principal,  Harold,   Ken- 
tucky,  1935-36. 
Howard,    Raymond    Stanley,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1934.      Farmer,    Owen 

County,    Kentucky,    1934-35;     Teacher,    Owen    County,    Kentucky, 

1935-36. 
Howe,   Mrs.   Charles  D.    (nee   Iva   Paye   Egner),   B.    S.,   Eastern,    1933. 

High  School  Teacher,  Rockhold,  Kentucky,   1933-34. 
Howe,    Charles    Dana,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1933.      High    School    Teacher, 

Peaks  Mill,  Kentucky,  1933-35;   Principal,  Bald  Knob  High  School, 

Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Hubbard,    Elizabeth,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1928.      Grade    Teacher,    Fayette 

County,  Kentucky,  1928-29;  Dietician,  I.  0.  0.  F.  Home,  Lexington, 

Kentucky,  1930-36. 
Hubble,  Marie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.     Grade  Teacher,  Madison  County, 

Kentucky,   1933-36. 
Hudson,  Clara,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1935. 
Hughes,  Eliza,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;    M.  A.,  Columbia  University,  1930. 

Instructor,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1930-36. 
Hume,    Ben   Jeff,   B.    S.,   Eastern,    1935;    Graduate   Student,    University 

of   Kentucky,    1935. 
Hume,  Elizabeth   (See  Harney,  Mrs.  Clarence). 
Humfleet,    Vera    Inez,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1935.      Junior    High    School 

Teacher,    Barbourville,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 
Humphrey,   Clyde   Yv\,   A.   B.,   Eastern,    1930;    M.   A.,   Peabody   College, 


338  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

1934.  Principal,  Johnson  County  High  School,  Oil  Springs,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-33;  High  School  Teacher,  Lexington,  N.  C,  1933-34; 
Instructor,  State  Teachers  College,  Cullowhee,  North  Carolina, 
1934-36. 

Humphrey,  Mrs.  Gertrude  Willis,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher, 
Lexington,  N.  C,  1934-35;  Instructor,  State  Teachers  College,  Cul- 
lowhee, North  Carolina,  Summer,  1935. 

Hurst,  Paul  Marshall,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  192S;  M.  S.,  Kansas  State  Teach- 
ers College,  Pittsburg,  Kansas,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Cincinnati,  1929.  Teacher,  Pensacola,  Florida,  1927-28, 
Holmes  Junior  High  School,  Covington,  Kentucky,  192S-29;  High 
School  Teacher  and  Coach,  Lancaster,  Kentucky,  1929-31;  In- 
structor, Morehead,  Kentucky,  Teachers  College,  1931-33;  High 
School  Teacher,   Ludlow,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Ireland,  Stella  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Isaacs,  Pina  Mae,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Clark  County,  Kentucky, 
1932-36. 

Jackson,  Anna  Mae,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Zoe,  Ken- 
tucky,  1935-36. 

Jacobs,    Richard,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1930.      Teacher,    Harrison    County, 

Kentucky. 

James,  Mrs.  Edith,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1934,  1935,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College, 
1935-36.     Grade  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1931-34. 

Jasper,  Marvin,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Cincinnati,  1932,  1933,  1934.  Teacher,  Crescent  Springs  High 
School,   Kenton   County,   Kentucky,   1931-36. 

Johnson,  Margaret,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Junior  High  School  Teacher, 
Russell,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Johnson,  W.  V.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Jones,  Dixie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Jones,  Mrs.  Fairy  Ballard.  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1928;  M.  A..  University  of 
Kentucky,  1930.  Post  Office  Employee,  Richmond.  Kentucky, 
192S-33;  Teacher,  Wayland,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Part-time  Instruc- 
tor, Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,   1928-33. 

Jones,  Iris  Cornelia,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Million.  Kentucky.  1934-35, 
Erlanger,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Jones.  .Mrs.  John  Spencer,  A.  B..  Eastern.  1927;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Kentucky,  1929-30.  Teacher,  White  Hall  High  School. 
Madison  County,  Kentucky.  1927-31;  High  School  Teacher,  Wood- 
bine, Kentucky,   L932  3  1. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         339 

Jones,  John  Spencer,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1934.  Principal,  White  Hall  High  School,  Madison  County, 
Kentucky,  1927-31;  High  School  Principal,  Woodbine,  Kentucky, 
1931-36. 

Jones,  Luther  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  School  Principal,  Kinver, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Jordan,  Mrs.  John  (nee  Mabel  Clark),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928.  Grade 
Teacher,  Covington,  Kentucky,  1928-29. 

Justice,  R.  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Principal,  Feds 
Creek,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Karrick,  Gladys  Irene,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Cashier,  Eastern  Ken- 
tucky Teachers  College,  1935-36. 

Keith,  Stephen,  Jr.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Attendance  Officer,  Clay 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Kelly,  Edna  Arabella,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1931.  Teacher,  Federal  Industrial  Institute, 
Alderson,  West  Virginia,  1929-30;  Teacher,  Sherman  Institute, 
United  States  Indian  Service,  Riverside,  California,  1930-36. 

Kelly,  Jennie  Elizabeth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Employee,  Office  of 
County  Court  Clerk,  Marion  County,  Kentucky,  1931-33;  High 
School  Teacher,   Lebanon,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Kenny,  Mae  Kirk,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  192S;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Hyden,  Kentucky, 
1928-29;  High  School  Principal,  Thousandsticks,  Kentucky, 
1929-30;   High  School  Teacher,  Prestonsburg,  Kentucky,  1930-36. 

Kincaid,  Josephine  G.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Erlanger, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

King,  Frances,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Renaker, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

King,  Sam,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Ten- 
nessee, 1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Burnside,  Kentucky,  1926-27; 
High  School  Principal,  Bonnyman,  Kentucky,  1927-32,  Combs,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932-34,  Sandy  Hook,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Kirkland,  Mabel,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Teacher,  Forkland  Graded 
School,  Gravel  Switch,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Knarr,  Ruth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Cincinnati.     Grade  Teacher,  Newport,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Knoppe,  Mrs.  Georgina,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Knoppe,  Willard  M.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1934. 

Knox,  B.  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student.  University  of 
Kentucky,  1934,  1935.  Teacher,  Nicholas  County,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Lair,  Ruby,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929. 


340  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

LaMonda,  Mrs.  Jesse  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Can- 
Creek,  Kentucky,  1933-35. 

LaMonda,  Jesse  W.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Mays- 
ville,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  Principal,  Flax  Patch  School,  Carr  Creek, 
Kentucky,  1933-35. 

Lane,  Joseph  Ernest,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  M.  A.,  Peahody  College, 
1927;  Graduate  Student,  Peahody  College,  192S-29.  Instructor, 
Tennessee   Polytechnic   Institute,    1926-36. 

Lane,  Mary  Virginia    (See  Maddux,  Mrs.  Jared). 

Lawhorn,  Mrs.  Charles  F.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Okla- 
lona,   Kentucky,    1932,   Willow   Springs,   Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Lawhorn,  Charles  F.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Dunn- 
ville,  Kentucky,  1932;  Grade  Teacher,  Rich  Hill,  Kentucky,  1933, 
Willow  Springs,  Kentucky,  1934,  Hatter  Creek,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Lawson,  Charles  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Laycock,  J.  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher  and  Assistant 
Coach,   Lynch,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Layne,  Raymond  Lee,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Eastern 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1935-36.  Grade  Teacher,  Edenton, 
Kentucky,  1932-33;  A.  A.  A.  Employee,  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Lea,  Mary  Lillian,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Bracken 
County,  Kentucky,  1931-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Germantown, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Lea,  Orland.  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Brooksville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1931-35;   High  School  Principal,  Millford,  Kentucky.  1935-36. 

Leathers,  Hettie   (See  Triplett,  Mrs.  Ishmael). 

Leaver,  Mrs.  Sidney  (nee  Lucy  Ashcraft),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Lee,  Viola  Higgins,  A.  B..  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher.  Burn- 
side,  Kentucky,  1929-30;  Grade  Teacher,  Pulaski  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-33;  High  School  Teacher,  Kings  Mountain,  Kentucky, 
1933-35,  Eubank,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Leedy,  Clara,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Benham.  Kentucky. 
1935-36. 

Leedy,  W.  0.,  A.  B.,  1935. 

Lemaster,  Vaughan,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Oil 
Springs,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Teacher,  Meade  Memorial  High 
School,    Johnson    County,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Lewis,  Beulah.  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Maysville,  Ken- 
tucky,   1933-36. 

Lewis,  William  Bryan,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  Pea- 
body    College,    1935.     High    School    Teacher,    1934-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         341 

Lewis,  Mrs.  Zylphia  Peters,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Mary- 
dell,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Oneida,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Lingenfelser,  Margaret,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, 192S.  Critics  Teacher,  Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College, 
1927-36. 

Linville,  James  Clyde,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Rock- 
castle  County,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Little,  Mrs.  Daniel  B.  (nee  Fay  Ward),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Super- 
intendent, Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Buena  Vista,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Little,  Daniel  B.,*  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928. 

Little,  Eula  Baker   (See  Payne,  Mrs.  Eula  Baker). 

Little,  Robert  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky.  Teacher,  Garrard,  Jackson,  Leslie,  Lincoln,  Camp- 
bell, Nelson,  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  1916-33. 

Little,  Mrs.  Thomas  (nee  Hazel  Virginia  Calico),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929. 
Grade  Teacher,  Greenup,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Garrard  County, 
Kentucky,  1930-31;  High  School  Teacher,  Paint  Lick,  Kentucky, 
1931-36. 

Lloyd,  Arthur  J.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Windy  High  School, 
Wayne   County,   Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Locke,  Mrs.  Mae  "Wyan,  A.  B,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Pea- 
body  College,  1932;  Special  Study,  Bowling  Green  Business  Uni- 
versity, 1935-36.  High  School  Teacher  and  Librarian,  Paintsville, 
Kentucky,  1929-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Johnson  County,  Ken- 
tucky,  1934-35. 

Long,    Capitola,   A.    B.,   Eastern,    1932. 

Long,  Mrs.  Francis  (nee  Mary  Cox),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade 
Teacher,   Madison   County,   Kentucky,   1931-32. 

Long,  Mrs.  Perry,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 

McAllister,    Mary    Elizabeth,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1935.     Grade    Teacher, 

McRoberts,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 
McCarthy,   Geneva,   B.    S.,    Eastern,    1934.     Grade    Teacher,    Richmond, 

Kentucky,   1934-36. 
McClure,  Clarinda  Helen,  A.  B.,  Eatsern,  1935.    High  School  Teacher, 

Crockett,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
McCollum    Martha    Emilie,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1932.     Teacher,    Madison 

County,   Kentucky,  1932-33. 
McCord,  Mary  Katherine    (See  Adams,   Mrs.   Marion  F.). 
McDaniel,  T.  C,   Jr.,   A.   B.,   Eastern,   1934.     High   School   Teacher  and 

Coach,    Finchville,    Kentucky,    1934-36. 


*  Deceased. 


342  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

McDowell,  Landon,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  F.  E.  R.  A.  Teacher,  Irvine, 
Kentucky,  1934-35;  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Irvine,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

McGibney,  William  Franklin,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student, 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
1933-35.  Grade  Teacher,  Owenton,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  Minister, 
Owen  County,  1932-36. 

McGladdery,  Mrs.  W.  H.  (nee  Sudle  B.  Fowler),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929; 
Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1930-32.  Principal, 
Oddville  High  School,  Cynthiana,  Kentucky,  1929-34;  High  School 
Principal,   Sunrise,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

McGlosson,  Georgiana,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College, 
1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1930-33;  Instructor, 
Western  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1933-34;  Teacher,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

McGuire,  Asa  Franklin,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1929.  Teacher,  Morgan,  Letcher  and  Oldham 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1917-27;  Instructor,  Morehead  Kentucky 
Teachers    College,    1928-30. 

McHargue,  Lester,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1933-35;  Grade  Teacher,  Pine  Hill,  Kentucky, 
1932-33;    High  School  Teacher,  Mt.  Vernon,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Mclntyre,  Mrs.  Frances  Blackwell,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  M.  A.,  Uni- 
versity of  Southern  California,   1933. 

McKinley,  Herschel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Member  of  Kentucky  Gen- 
eral  Assembly,    1934-35. 

McKinney,  Mrs.  David  (nee  Anna  Meredith  Thompson),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1932.    Grade   Teacher,   Independence,   Kentucky,    1932-34. 

McKinney,  David,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1933;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1934-36.  High 
school  Teacher,  Jenkins,  Kentucky,  1929-30;  Assistant  in  Bureau 
of  Business  Research,  University  of  Kentucky,  1932;  Instructor, 
Western  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  Spring,  1935;  Assistant  to 
National  Resources  Commission,  Washington,  D.  C,  Summer, 
1935;  Assistant  in  Bureau  of  Business  Research,  University  of 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

McLaughlin,  Maude  Richie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

McMullin,    Mrs.    Vergil    (nee    Tabitha    Martin »,    A.    B.,    Eastern.    1926. 

High   School   Teacher,    Speedwell,   Kentucky,    1926-29. 
McNamara,  .Mrs.  Nell  Guy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933;    B.   S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Superintendent,  Montgomery  County,  1936. 

McWhoiter,  Mrs.  Tburzia  Quinlan,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher, 
Hazel  Ci-eeii   Mi-h  School,  Laurel  County,   Kentucky,   L935-3.6, 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         343 

Mackey,  Alexander  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College, 
1926;  Graduate  Student,  Vanderbilt  University,  University  of 
Chicago,  Harvard.  High  School  Principal,  Harrison  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1925;  Teacher,  Trevecca  High  School,  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see, 1926-28;  Instructor,  Trevecca  Junior  College,  Nashville,  Ten- 
nessee, 1929-36;   Peabody  College,  Summer,  1929,  1931,  1932. 

Maddox,  Noemi  Wheeler,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Campbellsburg, 
Kentucky,    1931-35. 

Maddux,  Mrs.  Jared  (nee  Mary  Virginia  Lane),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 
Grade  Teacher,  Spring  Lake,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Junior  High 
School    Teacher,    Elizabethtown,    Tennessee,    1935-36. 

Maggard,  Clarence,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Dudley  High  School. 
Bulan,   Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Mahaffey,  Mae    (See   Crudden,   Mrs.   Charles  H.,  Jr.). 

Mainous,  Clayton  George,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student, 
Louisiana  State  University,  1930,  1933,  1934.  Junior  High  School 
Teacher,  Baton  Rouge,  Louisana,  1926-36. 

Marshall,  Clarence  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Principal, 
Ages,  Kentucky,  1929-33;  Superintendent,  Adair  County,  Ken- 
tucky,   1934-36. 

Marshall,  Kenneth  T.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Principal, 
Finchville,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Marshall,  Mrs.  William  Glass  (nee  Mayme  Ewen),  B.  S.,  Eastern, 
1933. 

Martin,  Betty  (See  Hovisus,  Mrs.  Betty  M.). 

Martin,  Lloyd  L.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  High  School  Principal,  Union 
City,   Kentucky,  1930-33,   Crab  Orchard,  Kentucky,   1934-35. 

Martin,  Lydia  Catherine,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Bag- 
dad,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Martin,  Robert  Richard,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  A.  A.  A.  Employee,  Rich- 
mond, Kentucky,  1934-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Sardis,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Martin,  William  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Shep- 
herdsville,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Bookkeeper,  Kraft-Phenix  Cheese 
Corporation,   Lawrenceburg,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Mason,  Frances,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  A.  B.,  in  Library  Science,  Emery 
University,  1931.  Training  School  Librarian,  Eastern  Kentucky 
Teachers    College,    1931-35. 

Massey,  Ruby,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Robertson  County, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Masters,  Flora  Gibson,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Masters,   John,   B.    S.,   Eastern,    1930.    High    School   Principal,   Hager- 


344  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

man,    Idaho,    1930-31,    Grangemont,    Idaho,    1931-33;     High    School 
Teacher,  Taylorsville,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Masters,  William  H.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  School  Principal, 
West  Irvine,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Mattox,  Mrs.  M.  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1925;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody 
College,  1928.   High  School  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1925-28. 

May,  Mrs.  Charles  (nee  Lillian  Pearl  Cox),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  High 
School   Teacher,   Middlesboro,   Kentucky,    1933-36. 

May,  Mrs.  Louise  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher, 
Paintsville,  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

May,  Sweet,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Williamson,  West 
Virginia,  1933-34,  Turkey  Creek,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Junior  High 
School   Teacher,   Hellier,   Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Mayes,  Mildred  Ann    (See  Hobing,  Mrs.  Jack  Hunter). 
Maynard,  James  Garfield,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1934.    High  School  Teacher, 
Catlettsburg,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Melton,  William  V.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Principal, 
Hyden,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Merenbloom,  Derbert,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Medical  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  1934-36. 

Michael,   Gertrude    (See    Moore,    Mrs.    Joseph    P.). 

Miller,  Mrs.  Gladys  Tucker,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  Grade  Teacher, 
Boyle  County,  Kentucky,  1930-31,  Mitchellsburg,  Kentucky,  1931-32, 
Clarksville,   Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Miller,  Mrs.  Lillian  Estes,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Kentucky,  1934-35.  Kindergarten  Teacher,  Lexing- 
ton,   Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Million,  Elise    (See  Weisenburg,  Mrs.  Elise  Million). 

Million,  Harriet   (See  Griggs,   Mrs.  John). 

Mills,  Jennings  Franklin,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926. 

Miniard,  Mrs.  Margaret  Riddle,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher, 
Delphia,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Minter,  Edna  Kellems    (See  Rogers,  Mrs.  Richard). 

Mitchell,   Harold,   A.   B.,   Eastern,   1933. 

Mitchell,  Lucy,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Stenographer,  Eastern  Kentucky 
Teachers   College,   1934-36. 

Moberly,  Jesse  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky.  High  School  Teacher,  Madison  High  School,  Rich- 
mond,   Kentucky.   1929-36. 

Moberly,    Margaret,    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1932.     Grade    Teacher,    .Moberly. 

Kentucky,  1932-34,  Waco,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 
Moberly,  Mary  Earle    (See  Carrell,  Mrs.  Ralph). 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         345 

Montjoy,  Lucy   Simms,  A.   B.,   Eastern,    1935.    Grade   Teacher,   Mount 

Sterling,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 
Moody,   Salem  W.,  A.   B.,   Eastern,   1933;    LL.   B.,   Jefferson   School   of 

Law,  1935.     Teacher,  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Moody,  Virginia  L.    (See  Gover,  Mrs.   Roy). 

Moore,  Mrs.  George  (nee  Nellie  Schellinger),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 
Grade  Teacher,  Wayland,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  High  School 
Teacher,  Wayland,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Moore,  Herman,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Owsley  County,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Greensboro,  North  Carolina,  1934-35; 
Pineville,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Moore,  James  Bose,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Moore,  John  William,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Moore,  Mrs.  Joseph  P.  (nee  Gertrude  Michael),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932; 
Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1932. 

Moores,  Allie  Ruth  (See  Spurlin,  Mrs.  Thomas). 

Moores,  Walter  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1935.  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
1932-36. 

Moores,  Willie  Griggs,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Holmes  Junior  High 
School,    Covington,    Kentucky,    1930-35. 

Morgan,  Charles  Howard,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1934.  Foreman,  New  State- 
land   Farm,   Richmond,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Morris,  Mrs.  Flora  Miller,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Jefferson, 
Owen,    Montgomery,    Morgan    Counties,    Kentucky,    1913-32. 

Morris,  Roger  B.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Double  Springs,  Alabama,  1929-30;  Teacher  and  Director 
of  Athletics,  Pleasant  Hill  Academy,  Pleasant  Hill,  Tennessee, 
1930-36. 

Morris,  Roscoe,*  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 

Morton,  Mrs.  Casey  (nee  Thelma  Dixon),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High 
School  Teacher,   Lilly,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Morton,  Casey,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Jeremiah,  Ken- 
tucky,  1935-36. 

Mullen,  Alberta  Delk,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Ingle, 
Kentucky,  1934-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Nancy,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Mullen,  Harold   Davis,   A.   B.,   Eastern,    1935.     Salesman,   1935-36. 

Mullinix,  Edna  M.   (See  Shearer,  Mrs.  N.  M.). 

Mullins,  Elmer  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1930; 
*  Deceased. 


346  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Graduate  Student,  Peabody  College,  1931.  High  School  Principal, 
Moreland,  Kentucky,  1925-28,  Carr  Creek,  Kentucky,  1928-30; 
Kings  Mountain,  Kentucky,  1930-33;  High  School  Teacher,  Alva, 
Kentucky,    1933-36, 

Muncy,  Clara  P.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky.    Grade  Teacher,  Corbin,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Muncy,  Malta,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Majestic, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Munda,  Davis,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  Farmer,  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
1931-36. 

Murphy,  James  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Casey,  Lincoln 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1925-31. 

Myers,  Anna  Mae,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Nash,  Dorothy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Trinity,  Ken- 
tucky,   1935-36. 

Neikirk,  George  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1927-28.  High  School  Principal,  Sparta, 
Kentucky,  1926-27,  Salt  Lick,  Kentucky,  1928-29;  Superintendent, 
Silver  Grove,  Kentucky,  1929-30.  Berlin,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  In- 
surance Business,  Springfield,  Kentucky,  1931-32;  Employee, 
State  C.  W.  A.,  1934;  Attendance  Officer,  Washington  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1935-36. 

Nelson,  Clara  Mae,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Stamping  Ground,  Ken- 
tucky,   1934-36. 

Norris,  Gladys,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  F.  E.  R.  A.  Teacher,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1934-35;   Grade  Teacher,  Million,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

North,  Elizabeth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1932. 
High  School  Principal,  Cropper,  Kentucky,  1926-30;  Instructor, 
Western  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  Summer,  1926,  Morehead, 
Kentucky,  Teachers  College,  Summer,  1932;  Teacher,  Danville, 
Kentucky,  1932-33;  Principal,  Pikeville  College,  Kentucky.  1933-36. 

Oakes,  Newton,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Oldtown,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Ogg.   William  E.,  A.  B.,   Eastern,   1930. 

Oldham,  Louise  D.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Powell,  Mont- 
gomery Counties,  Kentucky,  1925-34. 

Onstott,  Gladys  Lucy,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Special  Study.  Western 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1935.  Grade  Teacher  and  Librarian, 
Moreland,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Osborn,  Emma,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher.  Dry  Ridge 
Kentucky,    L932-36. 

Osborn,    Scott    Compton.    A.    B.,    Eastern,    1935.     High    School    Teache 
Wayland,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         347 

Osborne,  John  S.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Pulaski  County, 
Kentucky,   1932-33,   Floyd   County,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Otto,  Herman  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Harlan  County,  Ken- 
tucky,   1929-30. 

Owens,  Carolyn  Elizabeth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Owens,  Ethel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody  Col- 
lege, 1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Junction  City,  Kentucky,  1930-33, 
Boyle  County,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Owens,  Mildred,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1932-33,  1934,  1935.  Junior  High  School  Teacher, 
Maysville,  Kentucky,  1931-33;  High  School  Teacher,  Sardis,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-35;  High  School  Teacher  and  Librarian,  Minerva, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Park,  Alliegordon,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  B.  S.  in  Library  Science,  Pea- 
body  College,  1932.  Assistant  Librarian,  Eastern  Kentucky 
Teachers  College,  Summer  1933;  High  School  Librarian,  Ben- 
ham,   Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Parks,  Bessie  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Nicholasville, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Parman,   Oscar,  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1930. 

Parrish,  Virginia  Norval,  A.  B..  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Sardis,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Parsley,  Jarvis  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Consolidated  School  Prin- 
cipal,  Laurel   County,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Parsley,  Zada  Moore,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Patton,  James  L.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher  and  Principal,  Salyers- 
ville,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Patton,  Mary  Ann   (See  Adams,  Mrs.  Lundy). 

Paxton,  Airs.  Elmer  J..  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  Columbia  University.  Teacher,  Shelby,  Madi- 
son Counties,  Kentucky,  1929-34. 

Payne,  Mrs.  Eula  Baker,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Special  Study  in  Com- 
merce, Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1926-27.  Stenographer 
for  C.  C.  Wallace,  Attorney,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1927-30,  Ameri- 
can Legion,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  Kindergarten  Teacher, 
Berea,  Kentucky,  1934. 

Paynes,  James  Andrew,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1930-33.  Superintendent,  Harrison  County, 
Kentucky,   1927-36. 

Paynter,  Charles,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1931.  High  School  Principal,  Milford,  Kentucky, 
1928-30,  Brooksville,  Kentucky,  1930-34;  Superintendent,  Bracken 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 


348  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Pearson,  Ethel  Bogie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Estill,  Madison, 
Knott  Counties,  Kentucky,  1924-31. 

Pearson,  Mrs.  Sadie  Tinsley,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932. 

Pearson,  William  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1930.  Teacher,  Knott,  Nicholas,  Madison,  Estill 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1923-31. 

Peele,  Emily  Frances,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Woodford  County,  Ken- 
tucky,   1930-36. 

Pelley,  Thomas  Lee,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927.  Teacher,  Holmes  Junior 
High  School,  Covington,  Kentucky,  1927-36. 

Pelphrey,  Nell,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  Summer,  1933,  1934,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Lan- 
caster, Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Pennington,  John  Edgar,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Wehbville,  Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Perkins,  Mrs.  Park  Valentine  (nee  Alice  Isabel  Roach),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 

1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Harvard  School,  Toledo,  Ohio,  1931-32,  Stick- 
ney  School,  Toledo,  1932-34,  Sherman  School,  Toledo,  1934-36. 

Peters,  Grova  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Harlan  County, 
Kentucky,  1934-35,  Patterson  School,  Dayton,  Ohio,  1935-36. 

Peters,  Julia  Anne   (See  Bowling,  Mrs.  Julia  Anne). 

Peters,  Zylphia   (See  Lewis,  Mrs.  Zylphia  P.). 

Pettit,  Charles  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Law  Student,  University  of 
Cincinnati,  1932-33.  County  Judge,  Grant  County,  Kentucky, 
1934-35. 

Phillips,  Clyde  Sidney,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Pletcher,  Jessie  Bell   (See  Haller,  Mrs.  Jessie  Bell). 

Plummer,  Charles  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Student,  Palmer  School  of 
Chiropractic,  Davenport,  Iowa,  1932,  Smith's  School  of  Chiro- 
practic, Davenport,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky.    Chiropractor,   Covington,    Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Pope,  Mason,  B.  S.,  Eastern.  1932;  Medical  Student,  University  of 
Tennessee,  1932-33. 

Potter,  Mrs.  Lawrence  Wayne    (nee  Betty  Jo  Boleyn),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 

1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Bolyn,  Kentucky,  1932-33. 

Powell,  Mrs.  Ida  May,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher.  Jessa- 
mine County,  Kentucky,  1891-1936. 

Powell,  Opal,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Teacher.  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
1933-35. 

Powers.  .Mary  Elizabeth,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1934.  K.  E.  R.  A.  Library 
Project.  Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Grade  Teacher, 
Whites,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         349 

Powers,  Ralph  D.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Windy, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Prather,  John  Gibson,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Associate  Editor, 
Richmond  Daily  Register,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Prewitt,  Daniel  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  Summer,  1932,  1933,  1934.  Grade  School  Super- 
intendent, Packard,  Kentucky,  1932-35;  Junior  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Hazard,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Prewitt,  Neal  Henri,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Har- 
lan,  Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Price,  Ernestine,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Price,  Lelia  M.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Madison  County,  Ken- 
tucky,  1922-32. 

Price,  Orville,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927.  Teacher.  Leslie,  Letcher,  Carter 
Counties,   Kentucky,   1927-33. 

Prim,  Harold  Edward,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Cold 
Springs,  Kentucky,  1934-35,  Bellevue,  Kentucky,  1936. 

Quails,  Daniel  Webster,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1931.  High  School  Principal,  Peaks  Mill,  Kentucky, 
1925-26,  Berry,  Kentucky,  1927-2S;  Superintendent,  Olive  Hill, 
Kentucky,   192S-31,   Houstonville,   Kentucky,   1931-36. 

Rader,  C.  R..  A.  B.,  Eastern,   1934. 

Radford,  Betty  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Asheville, 
North  Carolina,  Teachers  College,  1934;  Grade  Teacher,  Middles- 
boro,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Granite  Falls,  North  Carolina,  1930-32, 
Black  Mountain,  North  Carolina,  1933-35,  Henderson,  North  Caro- 
lina,  1935-36. 

Raleigh,  Vera  V.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1934. 
Instructor,  East  Tennessee  Teachers  College,  Winter  Quarter,  1934, 
Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,   Spring,   1934. 

Ramey,  Bernice,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Ramsey,  Anna,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Bell  Point,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932,  Flossie,  Kentucky,  1933,  Griffin,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Ramsey,  Beulah.  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Ekron,  Ken- 
tucky,   1934-36. 

Ramsey,  Charles  P.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  Superintendent,  Clay  County 
High  School,  Manchester,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Livingston,  Ken- 
tucky, 1931-32;  Supervisor  and  Agent,  Great  Southern  Life  Insur- 
ance  Company,   1932-36. 

Ramsey,  Jennie  Elizabeth,  B.  S..  Eastern,  192S;  M.  A.,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity,  1935.     High  School  Teacher,   Benham,   Kentucky.   192S-36. 

Ramsey,  William  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Lin- 
coin  County,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 


350  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Rankin,  Mrs.  Pat  (nee  Eliza  Anderson  Cummins),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1928;  Graduate  Student.  Peabody  College,  1931,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1933.  High  School  Teacher,  McKinney,  Kentucky,  1928-30; 
Grade  Teacher,  Lancaster,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  High  School 
Teacher,  Lancaster,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Rankin,  Robert  Harry,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Eastern  Junior 
High  School,  Louisville,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Ransdall,  Edith,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Campbellsburg, 
Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Ray,  Charles  P.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Clay,  Pulaski,  Madison 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1924-34. 

Redmond,  Mattie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1930.  Teacher,  Anderson,  Henry,  Woodford 
Counties,    Kentucky,    1924-33. 

Rees,  Riley  A.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Farmer,  Bracken  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Rees,  Rupert  S.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932,  1934.  Junior  High  School  Principal,  Prestons- 
burg,  Kentucky,  1931-32;  Grade  Teacher,  Bracken  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Regenstein,  Alma,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1934,- 1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Corbin,  Kentucky, 
1930-33,    Shelbyville,    Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Rettig,  Catherine  Louise,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Lewis- 
burg,    Kentucky,    1935-36. 

Reynolds,  Mrs.  Charles  (nee  Lena  Begley),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930; 
Graduate  Student,  Peabody  College.  High  School  Teacher,  London, 
Kentucky,   1930-36. 

Reynolds,  Coleman,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1929;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1931.  High  School  Principal,  Finchville,  Kentucky, 
1928-32;    Superintendent,  Jackson  County,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Rice,  David  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher,  Pulaski,  Madison  Coun- 
ties, Kentucky. 

Rice,  Lawrence  K,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student.  Univer- 
sity of  Cincinnati,  1928,  University  of  Kentucky,  1929.  1933. 
Teacher,  Breathitt,  Leslie  Counties,  Kentucky,  1927-33.  Member, 
Kentucky   General   Assembly,    1936. 

Rice,  Myra  Dee,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Rice.  Z.  T.,  Jr.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Richards,  Mrs.  Edna  Moneyhon.  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher, 
Bracken,  Bell,  Kenton  Counties,  Kentucky,  1910-33. 

Richards,  R.  R.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  B.  A..  Boston  University, 
1933.       Instruct,, r    Eastern    Kentucky    Teachers    College,    1929-32; 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College  351 

Teaching  Fellow,  Boston  University,  1932-33;    Instructor,  Eastern, 
1933-36.     . 
Richardson,  James  R.,  Eastern,   1930;    LL.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1934.      Attorney,   Richmond,    Kentucky,    1934-36. 

Riddell,  Elizabeth   (See  Van  Horn,  Mrs.  Robert  M.). 

Riddell,  Laura,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Ravenna,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Rigsby,  Mrs.  Mildred  White,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  Peabody  Col- 
lege, 1933.  Teacher,  Roles  Junior  High  School,  Ashland,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-33,  Ashland  Senior  High  School,  1933-36. 

Rigsby,  Ralph  Harold,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1933. 

Riley,  Oni  Audrey,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Independence, 
Kentucky,   1932-33;    High  School   Teacher,  Independence,   1933-36. 

Riley,  Ruth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, Summer,  1931,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, 1926-27;  Teacher,  Holmes  Junior  High  School,  Covington, 
1927-36. 

Roach,  Alice  Isabel   (See  Perkins,  Mrs.  Park  Valentine). 

Roberts,  Delane  0.,  A.  B..  Eastern.  1928;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1929,  1930.  Grade  School  Principal,  Kings 
Mountain,  Kentucky,  192S-30,  Evarts,  Kentucky,  1930-33;  Super- 
intendent, Kings  Mountain,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Roberts,  Marion  Stamper,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Cubage,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Roberts,  Mrs.  Richard  AVhitefield,  Jr.  (nee  Bernice  Champ),  A.  B., 
Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  Columbia  University,  192S.  Critic  Teacher, 
Eastern  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  192S-29,  North  Carolina  Col- 
lege for  Women,  Greenesboro,  North  Carolina,  1929-30;  Instructor, 
Florida  State  College  for  Women,  Tallahassee,  Florida,  1930-31. 

Robertson,  Imogene,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Teacher,  Central  High 
School,  Chattanooga,  Tennessee,   1934-36. 

Robinette,  Gertrude  Maggard,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Le- 
burn,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Robinson,  Kate,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.* 

Robinson,  Mary  E.    (See  Gray,  Mrs.  Mary  E.). 

Roe,  Mrs.  Eugene  (nee  Virginia  Routt),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Gradu- 
ate Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  M.  A.,  University  of  Minne- 
sota. Teacher,  Mercer,  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  1926-29; 
Instructor,  Morehead  Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1930. 

Roe,  Mrs.  James  Alvin  (nee  Nora  Virginia  Sloas),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930. 
Grade  Teacher,  Ashland,  Kentucky,  1930-31. 

*  Deceased. 


352  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Roe,  James  Alvin,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1930,  1931.  High  School  Principal,  Sunrise,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-34,  Renaker,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Rogers,  Opal  Garnett,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher,  Adair,  Grant, 
Garrard,  Kenton  Counties,  Kentucky,  191S-27. 

Rogers,  Mrs.  Richard  (nee  Edna  Kellems  Minter),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929. 
Grade  Teacher,  Richmond,  Kentucky,  1929-30. 

Rose,  Chester  A.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Principal,  Pleas- 
ant View,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  Superintendent,  Whitley  County, 
Kentucky,  1933-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Gatliff,  Kentucky, 
1934-35;    High  Schcol  Principal,  Williamsburg,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Ross,  Mrs.  Emma  Baker,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student, 
Columbia  University,  1927,  192S,  University  of  Chicago,  1930. 
Teacher,  Jefferson,  Perry,  Harlan  Counties,  Kentucky,  1912-33. 

Ross,  Evelyn  F.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  Summer,  1930,  1932,  1934,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Corbin,  Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Routt,  Virginia   (See  Roe,  Mrs.  Eugene). 

Rowlett,  Jane  Katherine   (See  Threkeld,  Mrs.  O.  F.). 

Roysdon,  Mrs.  Gertrude  Bell,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Rutledge,  Harold  Hunt,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Medical  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  1932-36. 

Rutledge,  Louise,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Salyer,  Amanda  Patrick,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Kentucky,    1934.      Grade    Teacher,    Lexington,    Kentucky,    1931-36. 

Salyers,  Robert  K.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1932,  1933.  Advertising  Manager,  Moore  Corpora- 
tion, Joliet,  Illinois,  1929-33;  Executive  Secretary,  K.  E.  A.  Inter- 
pretation Commission,  1933-34;  Research  Assistant.  President's 
Office,  University  of  Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Sams,  Alma,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Irvine,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Schaeffer,  Ruth   (See  Connelly,  Mrs.  Ronald). 

Schatzman,  Mrs.  C.  E.  (nee  Huldab  F.  Wilson),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930. 
High  School  Teacher,  Norwood,  Ohio,   1930-31. 

Schellinger,  Nellie   (See  Moore,  Mrs.  George). 

Schneider,  Grace,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Southern  Junior 
High  School,   Louisville,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Scott,  Mildred  Mae.  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Portsmouth. 
Ohio,    L931-36. 

Scrivner,  Sue,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Richmond.  Ken- 
tucky,   1931-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         353 

Sharp,  Foyster,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1933,  1935.  High  School  Principal,  Kirksville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932-34;  Superintendent,  Campton,  Kentucky,  1934-35; 
High  School  Principal,  Pleasant  View,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Sharp,  Gleneva,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Shearer,  Jessie   (See  Bertram,  Mrs.  Jessie). 

Shearer,  Mrs.  N.  M.   (nee  Edna  M.  Mullinix),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926. 

Shearer,  Robert  C,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Shearer,  William  Morton,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1926,  1935.  Teacher,  Holmes  Senior  High 
School,  Covington,   Kentucky,   1925-36. 

Shelton,   Mary   Frances,   B.   S.,   Eastern,    1935.     Grade  Teacher,   Clark 

County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Shepherd,  Clarence  Cecil,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.     High  School  Teacher, 

Alva,    Kentucky,     1933-34;     Principal,    Morgansburg    Consolidated 

Schools,    Maysville,    Kentucky,    1934-35;     High    School    Teacher, 

Shoopman,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Short,  Frances  Elvira,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  Ohio 
State  University. 

Shute,  Olive,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Ashland,  Kentucky, 
1932-35. 

Sirnms,  Mrs.  Frank  W.  (nee  Sueanna  Cheatham),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 
Grade  Teacher,  Texas,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Simpson,  Gladys,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Sims,  John  Orlie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  James- 
town, Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Singleton,  Mayme,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Stanford, 
Kentucky,  1933-34;  Superintendent,  Lincoln  County,  Kentucky, 
1934-35. 

Sizemore,  Elmer  E.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Les- 
lie County,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Skidmore,  Fannie  Farley,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher, 
Livingston,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Skinner,  Lucretia,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher,  Paint 
Lick,  Kentucky,  1929-31,  Buckeye  High  School,  1931-33,  Mount  He- 
bron, Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Skinner,  Thomas  W.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky.  Teacher,  Henry,  Fulton,  Boone,  Owsley,  Letcher, 
Mercer,  Pike,  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  1909-33. 

Sloan,  Myrtle  Mae,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody 
College,   1935. 

Sloas,  Nora  Virginia   (See  Roe,  Mrs.  James  Alvin). 

E.  S.  T.  C.— 12 


354  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Slusher,  Thelma,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  Summer,  1932,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Midway,  Ken- 
tucky,   1930-34. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Alton,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930.  Teacher,  Casey,  Madison 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1927-31. 

Smith,  Anna  May,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.     Grade  Teacher,  Pineville,  Kentucky,   1930-35. 

Smith,  Edna  Julia,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Teacher,  Madison,  Boyd, 
Estill  Counties,   Kentucky. 

Smith,  Eva,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1931,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Cropper,  Kentucky, 
1930-31;  Grade  Teacher,  Danville,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Smith,  Frona  Virginia  (See  Yates,  Mrs.  C.  B.). 

Smith,  Ira  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Inez,  Kentucky, 
1933-34;  Principal,  Ruddles  Mill  High  School,  Paris,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Smith,  Karl  Norfleet,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Mae  Blackaby,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher,  Henry, 
Harlan  Counties,  Kentucky. 

Smith,  Mary  E.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Smith,  Oval,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Burning 
Springs,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Smith,  Robert  Luther,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky.  Teacher,  Whitley,  Johnson,  Letcher,  Perry 
Counties,  Kentucky,  and  Ohio,  1920-32. 

Smith,  Ruby  Mae  (See  Gentry,  Mrs.  Ralph) 

Smith,  William  Alton,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1934,  1935.  High  School  Principal,  Waco, 
Kentucky,  1929-33,  Union  City,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Soper,  Mrs.  Oma  Smith,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;  M.  A.,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Russell,  Kentucky,  1926-29; 
Grade  School  Principal,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Sparrow,  John  Carl,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935;  Graduate  Student.  University 
of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Eminence,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Sparrow,  Mrs.  Marguerite  Culton,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  School 
Principal,  Irvine,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Spears,  Chester,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Attendance  Officer,  Jenkins, 
Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Spurlin,  Ann,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Spring  Lake,  Ken- 
tucky,  1933-34,  Ludlow,   Kentucky,   1934-36. 

Spurlin,  Mrs.  Thomas   (nee  Allie  Ruth  Moores),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927; 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         355 

Graduate   Student,  University  of  Kentucky,   1928,   1929.     Teacher, 
Bracken,  Campbell  Counties,   Kentucky,   1925-31. 

Spurlock,  H.  L„  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  High  School  Principal,  Oneida, 
Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Stacy,  General,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky.     Teacher,  Perry  County,  Kentucky,  1918-32. 

Stamper,  Maynard,  B.  S.,  Eastern,   1934.     High  School  Teacher,  Eliza- 

bethtown,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 
Starns,  Clarence  William,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.     High  School  Teacher, 

Campton,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Starns,  W.  Gayle,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Peabody 
College,  Summer,  1933,  University  of  Kentucky,  1934,  1935.  High 
School  Teacher,  Owenton,  Kentucky,  1932-33,  M'aysville  Senior 
High  School,  1933-34;  Junior  High  School  Principal,  Maysville, 
Kentucky,  1934-35;  Assistant,  Department  of  Kentucky  University 
Extension,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Staton,  Lee  Roy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Boston  Uni- 
versity, 1932-33.  Teacher,  Gulfport,  Mississippi,  1929-32;  Auto- 
mobile Dealer,  Gulfport.   1934-36. 

Stennett,  Mabel  O.,  A.  B..  Eastern,  1929.  High  School  Teacher,  Rus- 
sell, Kentucky,  1929-32. 

Stephens,  Mrs.  Claybourne  (nee  Irene  Patton),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 
High  School  Teacher,  Prestonsburg,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Stephens,  Claybourne,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Principal, 
Prestonsburg,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Stephens,  Maude,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Special  Study,  Fugazzi  Business 
School.  Grade  Teacher,  Walnut  Grove,  Kentucky,  1932-34;  High 
School  Teacher,   Shopville,  Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Stephenson,  Lillian  G.    (See  Waters,  Mrs.  Lawrence). 

Stephenson,  Vivian,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Stevens,  W.  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934:  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky.  Principal,  Fairview  High  School,  Mercer  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 

Stewart,  Mary  Elizabeth,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1934.  Kindergarten  Teacher,  Richmond,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-34;  High  School  Teacher,  Burkesville,  Kentucky, 
1934-35. 

Stidham,  C.  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Principal,  Proctor, 
Kentucky,  1933-34. 

Stigers,  Mrs.  William   (nee  Irene  Thomas),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Stocker,  Jean  Alice,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Ohio  Uni- 
versity, 1932. 


356  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Stocker,  Mossie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Columbia 
University,  1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Jenkins,  Kentucky, 
1930-31,  Richmond,   Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Stone,  Talton  K.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1934.  High  School  Teacher  and  Coach,  Harlan  County,  Kentucky, 
1926-28;  High  School  Principal  and  Coach,  Carrollton,  Kentucky, 
1928-36. 

Stratton,  Garland,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  M.  A.,  University  of  Ten- 
nessee, 1931.     High  School  Teacher,  Pikeville,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Sutter,  Clarence  Homer,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher 
and  Coach,  Pandora,   Ohio,  1935-36. 

Switzer,   Samuel  Lloyd,  B.   S.,  Eastern,   1935. 

Talbott,  Ruth  Waugh,  B.  S..  Eastern.  1935;  Graduate  Student,  Ohio 
University,  1935-36. 

Taliaferro,  Ella,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Talley,  Garnett   (See  Hinkle,  Mrs.  Chester). 

Taphorn,  Mary  Martha,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Cincinnati,  1933,  Miami  University,  1935.  Grade 
Teacher,  Covington,  Kentucky,  1930-36. 

Tarter,  John,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  Grade  Teacher,  Casey  County, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Tarter,  V.  K.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student.  University  of 
Kentucky,  1934.  Principal,  Fidelity  High  School.  Shoopman,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-35,  Sardis,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Tate,  Flora   (See  Troisi,  Mrs.  Paul). 

Taulbee,  Calloway,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student.  Ohio 
State  University,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  McArthur.  Ohio, 
1934-36. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  A.  H.  (nee  Eula  Mae  Cable),  A.  B..  Eastern.  1934.  High 
School   Teacher,  Beattyville,   Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Clara,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Laurel 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  High  School  Teacher.  East  Bern- 
stadt,   Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Ethel  Tudor,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S.  Teacher,  Madison, 
Pulaski  Counties,  Kentucky,  1918-32. 

Taylor,  Inez,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher.  St.  Helens, 
Kentucky,   1935-36. 

Taylor,    Logan,   A.    B.,    Eastern,    1934.      K.  E.  R.  A.    Employee,    London, 

Kentucky,  1934-35. 
Taylor.    Roy    R.,   A.   P.,   Eastern,    1934.      High    School   Teacher.    Laurel 

County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 
Taylor.    Sam    R,    A.    B..    Eastern,    1933.      Superintendent,    Lee    County, 

Kentucky,  1933-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         357 

Taylor,  Willie  Mae,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky. 

Telford,  Josephine  L.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  Teacher,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  1932-36. 

Telford,  Margaret,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1930;  Graduate  Student,  Columbia 
University,  1930,  1931,  1933.  High  School  Teacher  and  Librarian, 
Erlanger,  Kentucky.  1930-32;  Grade  Teacher,  Richmond,  Ken- 
tucky, 1932-36. 

Terrill,  Dorothy  (See  Evans,  Mis.  W.  K.,  Jr.). 

Terrill,  Olive,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Jen- 
kins, Kentucky,  1931-34. 

Tevis,  Edward,  A.  B..  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Principal,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  1931-32;  F.  E.  R.  A.  Employee,  Madison  County, 
Kentucky,  1934. 

Thacker,  Waller  B.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  F.  E.  R.  A.  Teacher,  Law- 
renceburg,  Kentucky,  1934-35. 

Thomas,  Blanche  Lee,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Thomas,   Mary   Irene    (See   Stigers,   Mrs.   William). 

Thompson,  Anna  Meredith   (See  McKinney,  Mrs.  David). 

Thompson,  Mrs.  Forest  S.  (nee  Elizabeth  Sellers),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1929;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1930,  1931,  1932. 
Assistant  High  School  Principal,  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
1929-30,  Pendleton   County,   Kentucky,  1930-34. 

Thompson,  Forest  S.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  Summer,  1930,  1931,  1932.  High  School  Prin- 
cipal, Madison  County,  Kentucky,  1929-30,  Pendleton  County, 
Kentucky,  1930-34;  Proprietor  Mutual  Realty  Company,  Williams- 
town,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Thomas,  Pearl  Nettie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Hazel  Green 
High  School,  East  Bernstadt,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Threkeld,  Mrs.  O.  F.  (nee  Jane  Rowlett),  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1932.  Grade 
Teacher,   Madison   County,  Kentucky,   1932-33. 

Tiller,  Mrs.  B.  L.  (nee  Eubie  Kate  Estes),  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1927.  High 
School  Teacher,  Wheatley,  Kentucky,  1927,  Maysville,  Kentucky, 
1928,  Vanceburg,  Kentucky,  1929-31;  Grade  Teacher,  Owenton, 
Kentucky,  1931-32;  High  School  Teacher,  Gratz,  Kentucky,  1932-33; 
Grade  Teacher,   Owenton,   Kentucky,   1933-35. 

Tipton,  Arthur  T.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Teacher.  Beatty- 
ville,    Kentucky,    1933-36. 

Tolbert,  Mattie,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Bethel,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-34;   High  School  Teacher,  Owenton,  Kentucky.  1934-36. 

Tolbert,  Willena,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  Bedford, 
Kentucky,  Milton,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 


358  Three  Decades  of  Progress 

Triplett,  Henry,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930;  M.  D.,  University  of  Tennessee, 
1933.     Physician,  Corbin,   Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Triplett,  Mrs.  Ishmael  (nee  Hettie  Lethers),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1925; 
Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  192S.  Grade  Teacher, 
Richmond,  Kentucky,  1925-26;  Junior  High  School  Teacher,  Rich- 
mond, 1926-27;    Teacher,  Lackey,  Kentucky,  1927-28. 

Triplett,  Ishmael,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927;    Graduate   Student,  University 

of    Kentucky,    1927.      High    School    Principal,    Lackey,  Kentucky, 

1927-28;     City     School     Superintendent,     Prestonsburg,  Kentucky, 
1928-36. 

Troisi,  Mrs.  Paul  (nee  Flora  Tate),  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930.  Grade 
Teacher,  Carr  Creek,  Kentucky,  1930-31,  Woodford  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1931-32. 

True,  Roy,  B.  S.,  Eastern.  1933.  Principal,  Bald  Knob  High  School, 
Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Superintendent,  Franklin 
County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Tudor,  Mrs.  Herbert,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Teacher,  Buena  Vista  High 
School,  Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Tudor,  Herbert,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Camp 
Dick  Robinson,  Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  1933-34,  Buena  Vista, 
Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Tudor,  Tabitha,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Teacher,  Jessamine,  Madison 
Counties,  Kentucky,  1924-33. 

Turley,  J.  D.,  Jr.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  Eastern 
Kentucky  Teachers  College,  1935.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Carr  Creek,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Teacher,  Male  High  School, 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Turner,  Mrs.  W.  R.  (nee  Frances  Addis),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  High 
School  Teacher,  Wheelwright,  Kentucky,  1934-35;  Grade  School 
Principal,  Ligon,   Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Tussey,  Bonnie  Olga,  B.  S.,  Eastern.  1933.  High  School  Principal, 
Letter  Box,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Tye,  Elbert,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 

Tyng,  Dorothy  Perry,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935;  Student,  Laboratory  Techni- 
cal School,  Public  Health  Department,  Louisville,  Kentucky,  1935. 
Commercial  Chemist,  Louisville,  Kentucky,  1936. 

Ueltschi,  Ida  Elsie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1933,  1934.  Critic,  Caney  Junior  College,  Pippapass, 
Kentucky,  1933-34,  Pikeville  Junior  College.  1935. 

Underwood,  Glenn  G..  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher, 
Olive   Hill,   Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Vaughn.  Mary  Hnnna.  li.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Middles- 
l)oni,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         359 

VanArsdall,  C.  S.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Employee,  Kentucky  State 
Reformatory,  1935-36. 

Van  Home,  Mrs.  Robert  M.  (nee  Elizabeth  Riddell),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1932.     High  School  Teacher,  Irvine,  Kentucky,  1932-36. 

Vickers,  Eula,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Pineville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Wagers,  Mrs.  Lawrence  (nee  Lillian  G.  Stephenson),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1928.     Teacher,  Lee,  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  1926-33. 

Wagers,  Lawrence,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1928;  M.  D.,  University  of  Ten- 
nessee, 1933.     Physician,  Manchester,  Kentucky,  1933-35. 

Wagoner,  Dorothy,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Wagoner,  Thelma   (See  Allie,  Mrs.  D.  C.). 

Waldrop,  Claude  C,  B.  S..  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  Univer- 
sity of  Kentucky,  1935.  High  School  Teacher  and  Coach,  Paint 
Lick,  Kentucky,  1931-32;  Attendance  Officer,  Owenton,  Kentucky, 
1934-36. 

Walker,  Georgetta  Owsley   (See  Evans,  Mrs.  Leslie). 

Ward,  Stella,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1934.  High 
School  Teacher,  Finchville,  Kentucky,  1930-32;  Supervisor  of 
Rural  Schools,  Johnson  County,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  High  School 
Teacher,  Paintsville,  Kentucky,  1933-34;  Instructor,  Union  Col- 
lege, 1935-36. 

Warren,  Challis  H.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  M.  A.,  University  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1935.  High  School  Principal,  Valley  View,  Kentucky, 
1932-33,  Newby,  Kentucky,  1933-36. 

Warren,  Mrs.  Mayo  Honchell,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher, 
Newby,  Kentucky,  1933-34. 

Washburn,  Cecil,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1932.  High  School  Teacher,  Blue  Diamond,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-35,  Principal,  1933-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Matewan, 
West  Virginia,  1935-36. 

Washington,  Mary,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1930.  Teacher,  Russell  County, 
Kentucky,  1925-32. 

Watkins,  Willie  Moss,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929.  Superintendent,  Casey 
County,  Kentucky,  1926-36. 

Watson,  Ruby,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student.  University  of 
Kentucky,  1935.  Kindergarten  Teacher,  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
1934-35. 

Watson,  Susie,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Masonic  Home 
School,  1934-36. 

Watts.  John  Brown,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926.  Teacher,  Breathitt,  Jack- 
son Counties,  Kentucky,  1932. 


360  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Weaver,  Mildred  Ethel,  B.  S„  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Washington.     Teacher,  Colorado,  1929-36. 

Webb,  Lee  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Coach  Operator,  South  Eastern 
Greyhound  Lines,  1933-35. 

Webb,  Lela,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  M.  A.,  Peabody  College,  1929. 
Teacher,  St.  Mary's  College,  Dallas,  Texas,  1929-30;  Junior  High 
School  Principal,  Scoville,  Kentucky,  1931-33;  High  School 
Teacher,  Burning  Springs,  Kentucky,  1933-34,  Manchester,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-36. 

Webster,  Franklin,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Weisenberg,  Mrs.  L.  B.,  Jr.*  (nee  Dellah  Marie  Coates),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1933. 

Weisenburg,  Mrs.  Elise  Million  (nee  Elise  Million),  A.  B.,  Eastern, 
1931;  Special  Study  in  Commerce,  Eastern,  Kentucky  Teachers 
College,  1932-33.     Stenographer,  Richmond,  Kentucky,   1933-36. 

Welch,  Lawrence  V.,  A.  B..  Eastern,  1931.  High  School  Teacher,  Ox- 
ford, Kentucky,  1931-32,  Sadieville,  Kentucky,  1932-33. 

Wells,  Lillian  Jackson,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  B.  S.,  Wrest  Tennessee 
Teachers  College,  1934.  Grade  School  Principal,  Jessamine 
County,  Kentucky,  1926-27;  High  School  Principal,  Vicco,  Ken- 
tucky, 1927-28;  High  School  Teacher,  Largo,  Florida,  192S-30; 
Clerical  Work,  Boston,  Massachusetts,  1930-31;  Salesman,  Fron- 
tier Printing  Company,  Boston,  Massachusetts,  1931-32;  Grade 
School  Principal,  Dell,  Arkansas,  1932-33;  High  School  Teacher, 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  1933-34;  Teacher,  Vocational  School,  Tulla- 
homa,  Tennessee,  1935. 

Wells,  Mrs.  Marion  Terrill,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928.  High  School  Teacher, 
Richmond,  Kentucky,  1930-31;  Deputy  Circuit  Clerk,  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  1932-34;  Stenographer,  Madison  County  Circuit 
Court,  1934-36. 

Wells,    Thelma    K.,    B.    S.,    Eastern,    1933.      Stenographer,    Richmond, 

Kentucky,     1933-34;     F.  E.  R.  A.     Teacher,     Richmond.     Kentucky, 

1934-35;   High  School  Teacher,  Kirksville.  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Wheatley,   Ruth   Wayne,   B.   S.,  Eastern  1935.     High   School   Teacher. 

Shepherdsville,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Wheeldon,  Cecil  G.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.     High  School  Principal,  Mc- 

Kinney,  Kentucky,  1931-36. 
Wheeler,    Allie    Hendren,    A.    B.,    Eastern.    1926.      Teacher,    Garrard, 

Perry,  Madison  Counties,  Kentucky,  190S-24. 
White,  Bessie  Mae,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926.     High  School  Principal,  Odd- 

ville,    Kentucky.    1926-27:     Grade    Teacher,    Pineville,    Kentucky, 

1927-2S.   Covington.    Kentucky,   1928-36. 

*  Deceased. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         361 

White,  Fay,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935.  High  School  Teacher,  Boyd  County, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

White,  Frances  L.   (See  Brackett,  Mrs.  Ben). 

White,  Gleala,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1934.  Grade  School  Principal,  Cuzick,  Kentucky, 
1932-34,    Valley    View,    Kentucky,    1934-36. 

White,  J.  J.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1930;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1931,  1934.  High  School  Teacher,  California,  Ken- 
tucky, 1930-36. 

White,  J.  Taylor,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933;  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Gradu- 
ate Student,  Peabody  College,  1935. 

White,  Mary  Mildred  (See  Rigsby,  Mrs.  Mildred  White). 

White,  P.  J.,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1928,  Teacher,  Mercer  County,  Kentucky, 
1925-31. 

White,  Sara  Margaret,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;   A.  B.,  Eastern,  1935. 

Whitehouse,  Elmer  Clay,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931.  Farmer,  1932-33;  Em- 
ployee, Brown  &  Williamson  Tobacco  Company,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky,  1934-36. 

Whitenack,  Rachel  Minor,  B.  S.,  PJlastern,  1935.  Teacher,  Kenton 
County,   Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Whittaker,  Rawdy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1934,  1935.  High  School  Principal,  Cumberland, 
Kentucky,    1931-32,    Cornishville,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Wiggins,  Ernest  Theodore,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.  Shipping  Clerk,  Wig- 
gins Chemical  Company,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1935-36. 

Wilder,  Andrew  Howard,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Wiley,  Ellis,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933.  Grade  Teacher,  Boyd  County,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-36. 

Williams,  Granville  Baker,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  Tennessee,  1934.  High  School  Principal,  Waynes- 
burg,  Kentucky,  1934-36. 

Williams,  Mabel,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1933.  High  School  Teacher,  Ashland, 
Kentucky,   1932-36. 

Willoughby,  Beulah,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1927.  Teacher,  Breathitt,  Knott 
Counties,  Kentucky. 

Willoughby,  Hortense,  A.  B.,  Eastern.  1930.  High  School  Teacher, 
Richmond,  Kentucky,  1930-36. 

Willoughby,  Thelma,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934. 

Wilson,  Albert,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1928;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1932.  Salesman,  Johnson  Motor  Company,  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  1931;  High  School  Teacher,  Newby,  Kentucky,  1931-32, 
Campton,  Kentucky,  1932-33;  Farmer,  Madison  County,  Kentucky, 
1933-36. 


362  Three  Decades  op  Progress 

Wilson,  Ben  F.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  B.  A.,  Boston  University,  1934. 

Accountant,  Hartshorn  &  Walter,  Boston,  Massachusetts,  Summer, 

1934;   Instructor,  Military  Academy,  Gulf  port,  Mississippi,  1934-35; 

Accountant,  Humphrey  Robinson  &  Company,  Louisville,  Kentucky, 

1935-36. 

Wilson,  Huldah  F.   (See  Schatzman,  Mrs.  C.  E.). 

Wilson,  Leland,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934;  Graduate  Student,  University  of 
Kentucky,  1934-35.  High  School  Teacher,  Harlan,  Kentucky, 
1935-36. 

Wilson,  Maude  (See  Holtzclaw,  Mrs.  J.  B.). 

Wilson,  Mrs.  V.  C.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933. 

Wilson,  Vernon  C,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1932.  Grade  School  Principal,  Pres- 
tonsburg,  Kentucky,  1932-35;  High  School  Teacher,  Wheelwright, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Wimble,  Blanche,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1934.  Grade  Teacher,  Danville,  Ken- 
tucky, 1934-35;  Assistant  to  Dr.  M.  E.  Huffman,  Dentist,  Danville, 
Kentucky,  1935-36. 

Winburn,  Hobert,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1929;  Graduate  Student,  University 
of  Kentucky,  1931,  1932.  High  School  Teacher  and  Coach,  Virgie, 
Kentucky,  1929-36. 

Womack,  Dorothy,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932;  Graduate  Student,  Ohio  State 
University,    1935.      Grade    Teacher,    Ashland,    Kentucky,    1932-36. 

Womack,  Lillian  Agnes,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931.  Grade  Teacher,  Ashland, 
Kentucky,  1931-36. 

Wood,  Jesse  H.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1928;  M.  A.,  University  of  Tennessee, 
1929;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Chicago,  1930,  University 
of  North  Carolina,  1935.  Instructor,  University  of  Tennessee, 
1929-36. 

Word,  Carroll  Emerson,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student,  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky,  1931,  1932.  High  School  Teacher  and 
Coach,  Augusta,  Kentucky,  1926-36. 

Work,  Charles,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  M.  D.,  Vanderbilt  University,  1935. 

Wright,  Ray,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1931;  M.  A.,  University  of  Kentucky, 
1933.  Junior  Scientific  Aid,  Aeronautical  Laboratory,  Langley 
Field,  Hampton,  Virginia,  1935-36. 

Yager,  Katherine  Elizabeth,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1926;  Graduate  Student, 
Columbia  University.     Teacher,  Oldham  County,  Kentucky. 

Yager,  Thomas  Clarence,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  192S;  Graduate  Student, 
University  of  South  Carolina.  Teacher,  Columbia,  South  Caro- 
lina, 1928-33;  Manager,  National  Reemployment  Service,  1933-34; 
Sales  Representative,  National  Cement  Company,  Birmingham, 
Alabama,  1934-35. 

Yates,  Mrs.  C.  B.  (nee  Frona  Virginia  Smith),  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1932. 


Eastern  Kentucky  State  Teachers  College         363 

Young,  Alice  McClellan,  A.  B.,  Eastern,  1931. 

Young,  Frances  Arline,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1933;  M.  A.,  Ohio  University, 
1935;  Graduate  Student,  University  of  Kentucky,  1934.  Super- 
visor of  Teacher  Training,  Caney  Junior  College,  Pippapass,  Ken- 
tucky, 1933-34;  Supervisor  of  Primary  Schools,  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, 1935-36. 

Young,  Ernest  Irvine,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1935.     High  School  Teacher  and 

Coach,  Beattyville,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Zachary,    Mrs.    John    L.    (nee    Kathleen    Allen),   B.    S.,    Eastern,    1935. 

Grade  Teacher,  Liberty,  Kentucky,  1935-36. 
Zachary,  John  L.,  B.  S.,  Eastern,  1934.     Grade  Teacher,  Casey  County, 

Kentucky,  1934-36. 


H 

COLLEGE  SONGS 

ALMA  MATER 
Hail  to  thee,  our  Alma  Mater, 
Faithful  guide  of  youth, 
Holding  high  amid  the  darkness 
Duty,  light,  and  truth; 
Still  above,  the  skies  attend  thee, 
Still  thy  stately  columns  stand, 
Still  thy  sons  and  daughters  love  thee, 
Sing  thy  praises  o'er  the  land. 

All  the  earth's  resplendent  beauty 

Nature  gathered  here, 

Rolling  lawns  and  trees  and  grasses 

On  thy  hillsides  fair; 

Happy  days  within  thy  shadow, 

Friends  and  comrades  we  have  won, 

Fill  our  hearts  with  exaltation 

For  thy  work  so  nobly  done. 

When,  beloved  Alma  Mater, 

Memory  recalls 

Other  days  of  youth  and  laughter 

In  thy  gracious  halls; 

When  thy  sons  and  daughters  scattered 

Turn  again  to  thee, 

Still  thy  lamp  is  brightly  lighting 

Us  afar,  that  we  may  see. 


— Words  by   Nancy   Evans 
— Music  by  Jane  Campbell 


MARCHING    SONG 

Verse 
March  on,  oh  Eastern  sons 
And  her  co-eds  so  fair, 

For  the  glory  of  Eastern,  this  song  rings  true; 
We  shall  go  marching  on  the  way  for  you. 
Defeat  or  victory,  to  old  Eastern  this  song  we  sing; 
March!    March  on,  while  singing  our  song, 
On  and  on  together. 

Chorus 
Maroon  and  white  is  waving, 
And  our  joyful  voices  praise  thee. 
On  and  on,  our  marching  song 

Is  "Fight,  fight,  maroon  and  white",  for  we  shall  sing: 
Oh,  Eastern  will  shine  tonight,  Eastern  will  shine. 
On  and  on,  for  this  is  our  marching  song. 
Maroon  and  white  we  love  you. 
Don't  give  up  until  we  conquer, 
March  on  together,  march  on  forever, 
For  Eastern — March  on,  march  on. 

— Helen  Hull  Lutes 


YEA  EASTERN! 
Yea!     Eastern,  let's  win  this  fight! 
Rally,  maroon  and  white! 
We've  got  the  spirit,  you've  got  the  speed; 
These  two  with  grit  are  all  that  we  need. 

So!      Carry  and  pass  that  ball! 

Show  them  our  boys  beat  all! 

Show  them  we're  right  with  main  and  might; 

The  way  to  win  is  fight!    fight!    fight! 

— Words   by  Mary  K.   Burns 
—Music   by   Helen   Hull   Lutes