Full text of "The Times documentary history of the war"

See other formats

Ctmes

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY
OF THE WAR

VOL. XI

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY
OF THE WAR

VOLUME XI

NAVAL— PART 4

LONDON
PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE

1920

v.ll

PREFATORY NOTE

THE abbreviation J.R.U.S.I. refers to certain extracts from
the very useful and well-informed articles, entitled ' The
War: its Naval Side/ which appeared periodically during
the war in the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution.
The Editor of the Naval Section of the DOCUMENTARY
HISTORY has to thank the Council of that Institution for
their courtesy in allowing such extracts to be made from
these articles as may suit the purpose of that Section. The
significance of all other abbreviations used in this volume
has already been explained in earlier volumes of the Naval
Section.

CONTENTS

PACK

MARCH 1915 i

APRIL 1915 . . . . . . . . . . 308

INDEX . . . . . . . .... 505

MAPS
GALLIPOLI AND THE DARDANELLES . . . . . .114

AREA OF JAPANESE NAVAL ACTIVITIES . . . . . . 275

vii

MARCH 1915

THE KING VISITS THE GRAND FLEET

The following announcement appears in yesterday's Court Times,
Circular :— March

The King, attended by Commander Sir Charles Cust, I^1^*
Bart., R.N., and Vice- Admiral Sir Colin Keppel, arrived at
the Palace early this morning, on his return from a visit to a
portion of the Grand Fleet.

The King has sent the following message to Admiral Sir Times,
John Jellicoe on return from his visit to His Majesty's March 4,
Fleet :- I9I5-

' I much appreciate the kind message you sent me. It has
given me great pleasure and satisfaction to have been able
to visit a portion of the Grand Fleet under your Command.
I have been on board representative ships of all classes, and
am much impressed by the state of their efficiency and the
splendid spirit which animates both officers and men. I
have not the slightest doubt that my Navy will uphold its
great traditions/

[The message of Admiral Jellicoe to which the foregoing is a reply
was not published at the time, and it has been ascertained by inquiry
at the Admiralty that no record of it has been preserved in that
Department.]

ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET SIR A. K. WILSON

House of Commons, March i, 1915-

MR. NIELD asked if Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Knyvet Hansard.
Wilson now holds any appointment, or occupies any and, if
so, what position at the Admiralty ; and is he empowered to

NAVAL 4 A I

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

exercise authority over the Admirals of the Navy now in
command at sea ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Sir Arthur Wilson is, I am glad to say,
closely associated with the Board in an advisory capacity.

ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE (BONUS)

House of Commons, March i, 1915.

MR. SHIRLEY BENN asked what bonus, if any, the Royal
Naval Reserve men are entitled to receive on the completion
of their term of service ?

DR. MACNAMARA : In ordinary circumstances the gratuity
paid to Royal Naval Reserve men on completion of twenty
years' service is £50. If, however, the question relates to war
service, I may add that while serving during hostilities Royal
Naval Reserve men are credited with a war retainer of £i
a month, one-half of which must be banked for their benefit
after their discharge. If a man is discharged before com-
pleting ten months' war service, he receives a minimum sum
of £5 in respect of that portion of the retainer which is banked
for him. If he is retained for more than twelve months he
receives, in addition to his war retainer, thirty days' pay on
discharge. During war service a man, if invalided, becomes
entitled to the pension or gratuity applicable to active service
men.

OSBORNE COLLEGE (SICKNESS)

LORD C. BERESFORD asked whether sickness is still rampant
at Osborne College ; what is the number of cadets that are at
present on the sick list, and the nature, if any, of the different
illnesses ; and what steps the Admiralty are taking for moving
the cadets to more healthy surroundings ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The number of cases on the sick list
at Osborne on Saturday was 136, namely, influenza, 106 ;
measles, 12 ; conjunctivitis, 10 ; pneumonia, 5 ; mumps, 2 ;
tonsilitis, i. Steps have been taken, pending the rearrange-
ment of the College, to transfer the cadets of one extra term
to Dartmouth, where extra accommodation is available and
more is about to be constructed.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Can the right hon. gentleman see

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

his way to get this place evacuated ? The cadets have been
ill ever since they have been in the place. It was hastily
done up, and there is a great deal of consternation among the
parents.

DR. MACNAMARA : I think the Noble Lord knows that
Osborne has been under our consideration for some considerable
time past. For the moment we are keeping five terms there
instead of six, which will assist in some degree.

MR. ASQUITH AND MR. BONAR LAW ON THE
GERMAN SUBMARINE BLOCKADE

MR. ASQUITH : . . . I should, for a few moments, like to ibid.
call the attention of the Committee to one or two aspects of
the war which of late have come prominently into view. I
will refer first to the operations which are now in progress
in the Dardanelles. It is a good rule of war to concentrate
your forces on the main theatre, and not to dissipate them in
disconnected and sporadic adventures, however promising
they may appear to be. That consideration, I need hardly
say, has not been lost sight of in the counsels of the Allies.
There has been, and there will be, no denudation or impair-
ment of the forces which are at work in Flanders, and both
the French and ourselves will continue to give them the fullest
and, we believe, the most effective support.

Nor — what is'equally important — has there, for the purpose
of these operations, been any weakening of the Grand Fleet.
The enterprise which is now going on, and so far has gone on in
a manner which reflects, as the House will agree, the highest
credit on all concerned, was carefully considered and conceived
with very distinct and definite objects — political, strategic,
and economical. Some of these objects are so obvious as not
to need statement, and others are of such a character that
it is perhaps better for the moment not to state them. But I
should like to advert for a moment, without any attempt
to forecast the future, to two features in this matter. The
first is, that it once more indicates and illustrates the close
co-operation of the Allies — in this case the French and our-
selves— in the new theatre, and under somewhat dissimilar
conditions to those which have hitherto prevailed. We

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

welcome the presence of the splendid contingent from the
French Navy that our Allies have supplied, and which is
sharing to the full in both the hazards and the glories of
the enterprise.

The other point on which, I think, it is worth dwelling for
a moment is that this operation shows in a very significant
way the copiousness and the variety of our own Naval resources.
In order to illustrate that remark, take the names of the ships
which have been actually mentioned in the despatches we have
published — the Queen Elizabeth, the first ship to be com-
missioned of the newest type of what are called super-
' Dreadnoughts/ with guns of a power and a range never
hitherto known in naval warfare. Side by side with her is
the Agamemnon, the immediate predecessor of the Dread-
nought, and in association with them are the Triumph, Corn-
wallis, Irresistible, Vengeance, and Albion, representing, I
think I am right in saying, three or four different types of the
older pre-' Dreadnought ' battleships, which have been so
foolishly and so prematurely regarded in some quarters as
obsolete or negligible, all bringing to bear the power of their
formidable 12-in. guns on the fortifications with magnificent
accuracy and with deadly effect. ^When, as I have said, these
proceedings are being conducted," so far as the Navy is con-
cerned, without subtraction of any sort or kind from the
strength or effectiveness of the Grand Fleet, I think a word of
congratulation is due to the Admiralty for the way in which
it has utilised its resources.

I pass from that to another new factor in these military and
naval operations- — the so-called German blockade of our coast.
I shall have to use some very plain language. I may, perhaps,
preface what I have to say by the observation that it does not
come upon us as a surprise. This war began on the part of
Germany with the cynical repudiation of a solemn treaty on
the avowed ground that, when a nation's interests require it,
right and good faith must give way to force. The war has been
carried on on their part with a systematic — not an impulsive
or a casual — but a systematic violation of all the conventions
and practices by which international agreement had sought to
mitigate and regularise the clash of arms. She has now —
I will not say reached the climax, for we do not know what may
yet be to come — but she has taken a further step, without any
4

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

precedent in history, by mobilising and organising, not on the
surface, but under the surface of the sea, a campaign of piracy
and pillage. Are we — can we — and here I address myself for
the moment to the neutral countries of the world — are we to sit
quiet, or can we sit quiet, as though we were still under the very
protection of the restraining rules and the humanising usages
of civilised war ? We think we cannot. The enemy, borrow-
ing what I may, perhaps, call for this purpose a neutral flag
from the vocabulary of diplomacy, describes this newly
adopted measure by a grotesque and puerile perversion of
language as a blockade. What is a blockade ? A blockade
consists in sealing up the war ports of a belligerent against
sea-borne traffic, by encircling their coast with an impenetrable
ring of ships of war. Where are these ships of war ? Where is
the German Navy ?

An HON. MEMBER : In the Kiel Canal.

MR. ASQUITH : What has become of those gigantic battle-
ships and cruisers on which so many millions of money have
been spent, and in which such vast hopes and ambitions have
been invested ? I think, if my memory serves me, they have
only twice during the course of these seven months been seen
upon the open sea. Their object in both cases was the same —
murder, civilian outrage, and the wholesale destruction of
property in undefended seaside towns, and on each occasion
when they caught sight of the approach of a British force they
showed a clean pair of heels, and they hurried back at the top
of their speed to the safe seclusion of their mine-fields and their
closely guarded forts.

LORD ROBERT CECIL : Not all.

MR. ASQUITH : Some had misadventures on the way. The
plain truth is, the German Fleet is not blockading, cannot
blockade, and never will blockade our coasts. I propose now
to read to the Committee the Statement which has been
prepared by His Majesty's Government, and which will be
public property to-morrow, which declares, I hope in
sufficiently plain and unmistakable terms, the view which we
take, not only of our rights, but of our duties. It is not very
long, and I think I had better read it textually.

' Germany has declared that the English Channel, the

north and west coasts of France, and the waters round the

British Isles are a " war area/' and has officially notified

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

that " all enemy ships found in that area will be destroyed,
and that neutral vessels may be exposed to danger/' This
is in effect a claim to torpedo at sight, without regard to the
safety of the crew or passengers, any merchant vessel under
any flag. As it is not in the power of the German Admiralty
to maintain any surface craft in these waters, this attack
can only be delivered by submarine agency. The law and
custom of nations in regard to attacks on commerce have
always presumed that the first duty of the captor of a
merchant vessel is to bring it before a Prize Court, where it
may be tried, where the regularity of the capture may be
challenged, and where neutrals may recover their cargoes.
The sinking of prizes is in itself a questionable act, to be
resorted to only in extraordinary circumstances and" after
provision has been made for the safety of all the crew or
passengers (if there are passengers on board). The
responsibility for discriminating between neutral and
enemy vessels, and between neutral and enemy cargo,
obviously rests with the attacking ship, whose duty it is
to verify the status and character of the vessel and cargo,
and to preserve all papers before sinking or even capturing
it. So also is the humane duty of providing for the safety,
of the crews of merchant vessels, whether neutral or enemy,
an obligation upon every belligerent. It is upon this basis
that all previous discussions of the law for regulating
warfare at sea have proceeded.

' A German submarine, however, fulfils none of these
obligations. She enjoys no local command of the waters
in which she operates. She does not take her captures
within the jurisdiction of a Prize Court. She carries no
prize crew which she can put on board a prize. She uses
no effective means of discriminating between a neutral
and an enemy vessel. She does not receive on board for
safety the crew of the vessel she sinks. Her methods of
warfare are therefore entirely outside the scope of any of
the international instruments regulating operations against
commerce in time of war. The German declaration sub-
stitutes indiscriminate destruction for regulated capture.

' Germany is adopting these methods against peaceful
traders and non-combatant crews with the avowed object
of preventing commodities of all kinds (including food for

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the civil population) from reaching or leaving the British
Isles or Northern France. Her opponents are, therefore,
driven to frame retaliatory measures in order in their
turn to prevent commodities of any kind from reaching
or leaving Germany. These measures will, however, be
enforced by the British and French Governments without
risk to neutral ships or to neutral or non-combatant life,
and in strict observance of the .dictates of humanity.

' The British and French Governments will therefore hold
themselves free to detain and take into port ships carrying
goods of presumed enemy destination, ownership, or origin.
It is not intended to confiscate such vessels or cargoes
unless they would otherwise be liable to condemnation.

' The treatment of vessels and cargoes which have sailed
before this date will not be affected/

That, Sir, is our reply. I may say, before I comment upon it,
that the suggestion which I see is put forward from a German
quarter that we have rejected some proposal or suggestion
made to the two Powers by the United States Government,
I do not say anything more than it is quite untrue. On the
contrary, all we have said to the United States so far is, that
we are taking it into careful consideration in consultation with
our Allies. Now, the Committee will have observed, from the
statement I have just read out of the retaliatory measures we
propose to adopt, the words ' blockade ' and ' contraband/
and other technical terms of international law, do not occur,
and advisedly so. In dealing with an opponent who has
openly repudiated all the principles, both of law and of
humanity, we are not going to allow our efforts to be strangled
in a network of juridical niceties. We do not intend to put
into operation any measures which we do not think to be
effective, and I need not say we shall carefully avoid any
measures which violate the rules either of humanity or of
honesty. Subject to those two conditions, I say to our enemy
— I say it on behalf of the Government, and I hope on behalf
of the House of Commons — that under existing conditions
there is no form of economic pressure to which we do not
consider ourselves entitled to resort. If, as a consequence,
neutrals suffer inconvenience and loss of trade we regret it,
but we beg them to remember that this phase of the war was
not initiated by us. We do not propose either to assassinate

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

their seamen or to destroy their goods, but what we are doing
we do solely in self-defence. If, again, as is possible, hardship
is caused to the civil and non-combatant population of the
enemy by the cutting off of supplies, we are not doing more in
this respect than was done in the days when Germany still
acknowledged the authority of the law of nations, sanctioned
by the first and the greatest of her Chancellors, and practised
by the expressed declarations of his successor. We are quite
prepared to submit to the arbitrament of neutral opinion in this
war in the circumstances in which we have been placed. We
have been moderate and restrained, and we have abstained
from things which we were provoked and tempted to do, and
we have adopted the policy which recommends itself to reason,
common sense, and to justice.

This new aspect of the war only serves to illustrate and to
emphasise the truth that the gravity and the magnitude of the
task we have undertaken does not diminish, but increases, as
the months go by. The call for men to join our fighting forces,
which is our primary need, has been and is being nobly re-
sponded to here at home and throughout the Empire. That
call, we say with all plainness and directness, was never more
urgent or more imperious than to-day, for this is a war not
only of men, but of material. Take only one illustration. The
expenditure upon ammunition on both sides has been on a
scale and at a rate which is not only without precedent, but is
far in excess of any expert forecast. At such a time patriotism
has cast a heavy burden on the shoulders of all who are en-
gaged in trades or manufactures which, directly or indirectly,
minister to the equipment of our forces. It is a burden, let me
add, which falls, or ought to fall, with even weight on both
employers and employed. Differences as to remuneration or
as to profit, or as to hours and conditions of labour, which in
ordinary times might well justify a temporary cessation of
work, should no longer be allowed to do so. The first duty
of all concerned is to go on producing with might and main
what the safety of the State requires, and, if this is done, I
can say with perfect confidence the Government on its part
will ensure a prompt and equitable settlement of disputed
points, and, in cases of proved necessity, will give, on behalf
of the State, such help as is in their power.

Sailors and soldiers, employers and workmen in the in-
8

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

dustrial world are all at this moment partners and co-operators
in one great enterprise. The men in the shipyards and the
engineering shops, the workers in the textile factories, the
miner who sends the coal to the surface, the dockyard labourer
who helps to load and unload the ships, and those who em-
ploy and organise and supervise their labour, are one and all
rendering to their country a service as vital and as indispensable
as the gallant men who line the trenches in Flanders or in
France, or who are bombarding fortresses in the Dardanelles.
I hear sometimes whispers, hardly more than whispers, of
possible terms of peace. Peace is the greatest of all human
blessings, but this is not the time to talk of peace. Those
who talk of peace, however excellent their intentions, are, in
my judgment, victims, I will not say of wanton, but of grievous
self-delusion in the stress and tumult of the tempest which
is shaking the foundations of the earth. The time to talk of
peace is when the great tasks in .which we and our Allies em-
barked on this long and stormy voyage, are within sight of
accomplishment. Speaking at the Guildhall at the Lord
Mayor's banquet last November, I used this language, which
has since been repeated almost in the same terms by the Prime
Minister of France, and which, I believe, represents the settled
sentiment and purpose of the country. I said : —

'We shall never sheath the sword, which we have not lightly
drawn, until Belgium recovers in full measure all, and more than all,
she has sacrificed ; until France is adequately secured against the
menace of aggression ; until the rights of the smaller nationalities of
Europe are placed upon an unassailable foundation, and until the
military domination of Prussia is wholly and finally destroyed/

What I said early in November, now, after four months, I
repeat to-day. We have not relaxed, nor shall we relax, in
the pursuit of every one and all of the aims which I have
described. These are great purposes, and to achieve them we
must draw upon all our resources, both material and spiritual.
On the one side, the material side, the demand presented in
these votes is for men, for money, for the fullest equipment
for the purposes of war. On the other side, which I have
called the spiritual side, the appeal is to those ancient, inbred
qualities of our race which have never failed us in times of
stress, qualities of self-mastery, self-sacrifice, patience, tena-

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

city, willingness to bear one another's burdens, a unity which
springs from the dominating sense of a common duty, un-
failing faith, inflexible resolve.

MR. BONAR LAW : . . . There is only one other subject on
which I wish to address the House, and that is what the
right hon. gentleman has said as to the intentions of our
Government and of our Allies in regard to what the Germans
have called the ' English blockade/ but what he has called
by its true name, ' a campaign of piracy and murder/ It is
not the time for, and we have long passed the stage of, fight-
ing Germany with our tongue. There is no object in pointing
out their atrocities. We have had enough of that, and the
world realises it. What we have got to do now is to show
them that their atrocities are in vain, and that we will use
every weapon in our hands to bring to an end this horrible
war. In times of peace we have heard plenty, and here in
the House of Commons there has been a great deal said and
written, about securing peace, and, even what seemed more
practicable, about making rules to mitigate the horrors of
war. What happened ? War comes, and one of the belli-
gerents ignores utterly from the first every one of the rules,
even those which they had accented, which are to mitigate
these horrors of war. As the Prime Minister said, they
began by the violation of Belgium. They continued by in-
flicting on the civil population of Belgium horrors which not
only are a disgrace to humanity, but which were clearly
forbidden by the recognised rules of war. They seized private
property ; they fired on hospital ships ; and they strewed
mines in the open sea, all contrary to every recognised rule
of war.

If these international rules are to be of any use how are
they to be — I will not say enforced — but to have any sanction ?
From what quarter can it come ? It must come, if it comes
at all, from neutral States. What have we found ? Against
any one of these violations of international law not a single
protest was lodged by any neutral Power. I do not say that
in condemnation of neutral Powers. That is not my busi-
ness. What is .the lesson we must draw from it ? It is surely
that if these rules are disregarded by one of the belligerents and
no attempt even is made to enforce them, it is folly, and
criminal folly, for another belligerent to allow its hands to
10

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

be tied. I do not mean by that that we are to imitate them
in methods of inhumanity and brutality, but I do say that
we are entitled and we are bound to bring to bear our full
power without regard to those juridical niceties of which the
Prime Minister has spoken.

The use of sea power has always, been attended with this
danger, which does not apply to military operations on land ;
that it is contrary to the interests and therefore irritates
neutral countries. Our fathers, in a struggle not more deadly
than this, faced that danger, and on account of it they never
for a moment gave up a single one of the rights which sea
power gives. Throughout this war pressure by sea has been
greater than ever before. I may say, also, that never before
has that power been exercised with such a keen regard, not
only for the rights, but for the interests and the suscepti-
bilities of neutrals. From the beginning that has been so ;
but now we are at the parting of the ways. We are face to
face with a position where one Power, after starting a cam-
paign of piracy, actually proposes to use that method as a
lever by which to compel us to abandon recognised rights
which sea power gives us. The thing is impossible. It could
not be considered by any Government, and as I understand
what the Prime Minister has said — it is exactly what I hoped
he would say, and what I intended to suggest that this country
ought to say — it is that nothing of any kind will be allowed
to go in or come out of Germany, the entrance or exit of
which it is in our power to prevent. That, as I understand
it, is the declaration. We owe it to ourselves ; we owe it
to the men who on land and sea are risking and giving up
their lives for us ; we owe it to our Allies, to France, for
instance, for which nation it is not enough to be sure that
we are going to win ultimately, but which is exposing every
day the flower of its people to death and for whom the issue
is a quick end to this war ; we owe it to our people ; we owe
it to our Allies, and in taking that course the Government
will have, not the support of the House of Commons only,
but it will have the support to the end, of the whole
of the people of this country when they determine that
no power which is in their hands will be left unused
to bring at the earliest moment this terrible conflict to
an end.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

MERCHANT SEAMEN AND WAR RISKS

The Board of Trade are establishing a simple and inex-
pensive insurance system for covering the personal effects of
masters, officers, and seamen of merchant ships against war
risks, which will come in" force at all the principal ports next
Wednesday [March 3].

On and after that date any master, officer, or seaman of
a British merchant ship who wishes to insure his personal
effects against war risks can obtain at the Mercantile Marine
Office at any of the principal ports a Certificate of Insurance
valid for six months.

A leaflet giving full particulars can be obtained at the
Mercantile Marine Office at any of the principal ports.

THE DARDANELLES AND SMYRNA

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following
announcement : —

The operations in the Dardanelles are again delayed by
unfavourable weather.

A strong north-easterly gate is blowing, with rain and
mist, which would render long-range fire and aeroplane
observation difficult.

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following
announcement : —

The operations in the Dardanelles were resumed at eleven
o'clock last Monday morning (March i), when His Majesty's
ships Triumph, Ocean, and Albion entered the Straits and
attacked Fort No. 8 and the batteries at White Cliff. The
fire was returned by the forts and also by field guns and
howitzers.

An air reconnaissance made by naval seaplanes in the
evening reported that several new gun positions had been
prepared by the enemy, but that no guns had been erected
in them.

The seaplanes also located a line of surface mines. During
Monday night a force of mine-sweepers, covered by destroyers,

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

swept within a mile and a half of Cape Kephez, and their
work, which was carried out under fire, is reported to have
been excellent.

The casualties sustained during the day were slight, and
amounted to only six wounded.

Four of the French battleships operated off Bulair, and
bombarded the batteries and the communications.

The operations at the entrance to the Straits already
reported have resulted in the destruction of nineteen guns
ranging from 6 inches to n inches ; eleven guns below
6 inches ; four Nordenfeldt guns ; and two searchlights. The
magazines of Forts Nos. 6 and 3 were also demolished.

A further report received states that yesterday (Tuesday)
the Canopus, Swiftsure, and Cornwallis engaged Fort No. 8.
A heavy fire was opened on them by Fort No. 9, together
with field batteries and howitzers. Fort No. 9 was damaged
and ceased firing at 4.50 P.M. The battleships withdrew at
5.30 P.M., and although all three ships were hit, the only
casualty was one man slightly wounded. Seaplane recon-
naissance was impossible on account of the weather. Mine-
sweeping operations continued throughout the night. The
attack progresses.

The Russian cruiser Askold has joined the Allied Fleet off
the Dardanelles.

The Secretary of the Admiralty regrets to announce that
the following casualties occurred in His Majesty's ship Albion
during the attack on the Dardanelles Forts on the ist instant :

OFFICER
Wounded. — Mr. Alfred W. Barber, Boatswain, R.N.

MEN

Wounded. — Bennetts, James Ninnif, Seaman R.N.R.,
O.N. 3104 C. ; Kirby, John, Petty Officer, O.N. Dev/i468g8
(R.F.R. A.3934) ; Lock, William John, Leading Seaman
(C.G.), O.N. Po/i52282 ; Skedgell, Albert George, Petty
Officer, O.N. Dev/i88766.

(Official.}

Paris, March 3.

The bombardment of the Dardanelles was continued
yesterday. A French division under Rear- Admiral Guepratte

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

operated in the Gulf of Saros, with the forts and the Bulair
lines as its objective. The Suffren effectively bombarded the
Sultan Fort. The Gaulois set fire to the barracks of Fort
Napoleon. The garrisons evacuated the works. The Bouvet
seriously damaged the bridge over the river Kavak.—

Renter.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : To-day the enemy fleet continued
firing on the battery Sedd-el-Bahr at fairly long intervals.
Enemy attempts to land reconnoitring parties at separate
points were frustrated. Finally five enemy armoured ships,
which had been firing at some of our other batteries without
effect, were hit by seven shells fired from them and compelled
to retire.

Constantinople, March 3.

The enemy fleet yesterday bombarded for three hours the
Dardanelles unsuccessfully, and was forced to retreat by the
active fire of our batteries. At the same time an enemy
fleet consisting of four French cruisers and a number of
torpedo-boats unsuccessfully bombarded our position in the
Gulf of Saros ; our aviators successfully bombarded the
enemy's vessels.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Yesterday a part of the enemy fleet
bombarded a few of our batteries for half an hour at the
entrance of the Dardanelles, without results.

In regard to yesterday's bombardment of the Dardanelles,
it is further announced that the enemy fleet fired over 600
shells without achieving any result. The shells from the
Turkish battery carried away the after-mast of one of the
ships flying the Vice- Admiral's flag, and repeatedly hit enemy
ships. The night before last enemy torpedo-boats attempted
to penetrate into the Straits, but were compelled by the
batteries to retire. According to a private wire from the
' Milli ' Agency one torpedo-boat was sunk.

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following
announcement : —

The attack upon the fortresses of the Dardanelles was
14

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

continued yesterday. The Admiral has not yet reported the
results obtained within the Straits.

Outside His Majesty's ship Dublin demolished an observa-
tion station on the Gallipoli Peninsula, and His Majesty's
ship Sapphire bombarded guns and troops at various points
in the Gulf of Adramyti.

Six modern field guns near Fort B have been destroyed,
bringing the total number of guns demolished up to forty.

French battleships have bombarded the Bulair Forts and
wrecked the Kavak bridge.

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement :— March 8,

Further reports have now been received from Vice- Admiral
Garden on the operations of March 3 and subsequent days.

No action was possible on the 3rd till 2 P.M., when,
although the weather was still unfavourable, Irresistible,
Albion, Prince George, and Triumph resumed the attack on
Fort Dardanos (E) and the concealed guns in its neighbour-
hood. These were less active than before, and were dealt
with by the ships with more certainty. A useful seaplane
reconnaissance located several encampments and two per-
manent batteries.

On March 4 the weather became fine, and the sweeping
and bombarding operations within the Straits continued
steadily. Meanwhile demolition parties, covered by detach-
ments of the Marine Brigade of the Royal Naval Division,
were landed at Kum Kale and Sedd-el-Bahr to continue the
clearance of the ground at the entrance to the Straits. The
party at Sedd-el-Bahr discovered and destroyed four Norden-
feldts. Some skirmishing ensued on both banks, and the
enemy were found to be holding the villages in force.

On this day, also, farther down the coast, Sapphire silenced
a battery of field guns north of Dikili in the Gulf of Adramyti,
and the defences of Besika were shelled by Prince George.

The following casualties were sustained on the 4th :
nineteen killed, three missing, twenty-five wounded.

On March 5 the attack was begun by indirect fire from
Queen Elizabeth upon the defences at the Narrows. This
attack was supported in dealing with howitzers by Inflexible

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and Prince George. Fire was confined to forts Rumilieh
Medjidieh Tabia, Hamidieh II. Tabia, and Namazieh (marked

l[See on the Admiralty Map1 J, L, and T), which are armed as

P- "40 follows :—

J. 2 ii in. L. 2 14 in. T. I n in.

4 9.4 in. i 10.2 in.

5 34 in. ii 9.4 in.

3 8.2 in.

3 5-9 in-
Queen Elizabeth fired twenty-nine rounds with satisfactory

results. The magazine in Fort L, which is an important
fort armed with the best and heaviest guns, blew up. The
other two forts were damaged. The fire of the Inflexible
and Prince George was observed from inside the Dardanelles
by Irresistible, Canopus, Cornwallis, and Albion. Although
these vessels were much fired at by concealed guns, they
were not hit.

Sapphire again fired on troops in the neighbourhood of
the Gulf of Adramyti, and destroyed a military station at
Tuzburna.

On March 5 also the Commander-in-Chief East Indies,
Vice- Admiral Sir Richard Peirs^e, arrived with a squadron of
battleships and cruisers off Smyrna. A methodical bombard-
ment of Fort Yenikale was carried out during the afternoon
for two hours in favourable conditions of weather. Thirty-
two hits were secured, inflicting considerable damage on the
fort, and there were two heavy explosions, apparently of
' magazines. Euryalus, which flew the flag of the Vice-
Admiral, shot with remarkable accuracy from her after
9.2-in. guns. Fire was not returned.

The bombardment at closer range has now begun, the
weather conditions being good. The reduction of the Smyrna
defences is a necessary incident in the main operation.

Times, The Secretary to the Admiralty is authorised to make

March 9, the following announcement : —

I9I5- The operations against the Dardanelles are progressing,

favoured by fine weather.

Vice- Admiral Garden reports that on the 6th of March

Queen Elizabeth, supported by Agamemnon and Ocean, began

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to attack forts Hamidieh I. Tabia and Hamidieh III.
(marked on the Admiralty Map U and V), by indirect fire
across the Gallipoli Peninsula, firing at 21,000 yards. These
forts are armed as follows : —

U 2 14-111. guns. V 2 14-in. guns.

7 9.4-in. guns. i 9.4-in. gun.

i 8.2-in. gun.
4 5-9-in. guns.

Queen Elizabeth was replied to by howitzers and field guns,
and three shells from field guns struck her without causing
any damage. Meanwhile inside the Straits Vengeance, Albion,
Majestic, Prince George, and the French battleship Suffren
fired on Suandere and Mount Dardanos batteries (marked F
and E on the Admiralty map), and were fired on by a number
of concealed guns. Fort Rumilieh Medjidieh Tabia (marked J
on Admiralty map), which had been attacked on the previous
day, opened fire and was engaged and hit by 12-in. shells.
The majority of the ships inside were struck by shells, but
there was no serious damage and no casualties.

On the yth of March, the weather continuing calm and
fine, four French battleships (Gaulois, Charlemagne, Bouvet,
and Suffren) entered the Straits to cover the direct bombard-
ment of the defences of the Narrows by Agamemnon and
Lord Nelson. The French ships engaged Mount Dardanos
battery and various concealed guns, silencing the former.
Agamemnon and Lord Nelson then advanced, and engaged the
forts at the Narrows at 14,000 to 12,000 yards by direct fire.
Forts Rumilieh Medjidieh Tabia (J) and Hamidieh I. Tabia (U)
replied. Both were silenced after heavy bombardment.
Explosions occurred in both forts. Fort L has not fired since
the explosion on the 5th. Gaulois, Agamemnon, and Lord
Nelson were struck three times each ; damage not serious.
Lord Nelson had three men slightly wounded.

While these operations were in progress the Dublin con-
tinued to watch the Bulair Isthmus. She was fired at by
4-in. guns and struck three or four times.

Owing to the importance of locating the concealed guns
the seaplanes have had to fly very low on occasions. On
the 4th instant a seaplane (pilot Flight-Lieutenant Garnett,
observer Lieutenant-Commander Williamson) became un-

NAVAL 4 B 17

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

stable and nose-dived into the sea, both officers being injured.
Flight-Lieutenant Douglas, reconnoitring at close quarters in
another seaplane, was wounded, but managed to return
safely. On the 5th, seaplane No. 172 (pilot Flight-Lieutenant
Bromet, with Lieutenant Brown) was hit no fewer than
twenty-eight times, and seaplane No. 7 (pilot Flight-Lieu-
tenant Kershaw, with Petty Officer Merchant) eight times in
locating concealed positions. The Ark Royal is equipped
with every appliance necessary for the repair and maintenance
of the numerous aircraft she carries.

The Secretary of the Admiralty also makes the following
announcement : —

The Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, Sir Richard Peirse,
has made a further report on his operations before Smyrna,
from which it appears that, having bombarded Fort Yeni-
kale on the 5th and severely damaged it, he proceeded on
the morning of the 6th to sweep his way in through the mine-
fields until he drew the fire of several subsidiary batteries,
one containing four 6-in. guns near Paleo Tabia Point, another
five approximate 4.7-in. guns 150 feet up the hillside, and
three field guns in earthworks at Chiflik Guardhouse. There
were also several smaller guns concealed along the shore to
the eastward. These were engaged by the ships at from
7000 to 8000 yards.

The batteries replied vigorously, but after one hour's fire
on each were silenced. In the afternoon the ships steamed
into closer range and engaged Paleo Tabia battery and other
batteries on the hill. Fire was continued until all were
silenced. Eiiryalus and one of the battleships were each hit
by 6-in. projectiles, and the mine-sweepers were hit by frag-
ments of shell that burst near.

Our casualties were slight. The operations are continuing.

Paris, March 5.

An official communique issued by the Ministry of Marine
states that the battleships continued methodically yesterday
their operations in the Dardanelles.
18

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Despite a violent north-westerly wind, numerous trawlers
kept up the work of dragging from the entrance of the Straits
to Soun Shalbac and Bannessu points. The observation
stations at Gaba Tepe (outside the Straits, on the northern
coast) were destroyed by the fire from a cruiser, and the
Turkish batteries were shelled.

The French cruiser D* Entrecasteaux demolished the sema-
phore lighthouse at Arsoun. The battleship Jaureguiberry
destroyed the Turkish oil depot at Said (near Gaba Tepe).

On March 5, three ironclads, stationed in the Gulf of C.O.,
Saros, bombarded by indirect fire across the peninsula of March 13,
Gallipoli the Turkish forts on the point of Kilid-Bahr which,
on the European side of the Straits, command the Narrows
between that point and the point of Chanak. The fire was
controlled by four ironclads stationed at the entrance of the
Dardanelles. The effects of this bombardment were very
satisfactory. The magazine of one of the forts blew up.
No vessel was struck. On the 6th, the ironclad Queen
Elizabeth, stationed in the Gulf of Saros, bombarded by in-
direct fire the two great works on the Asiatic side which
defend the passage in the neighbourhood of Chanak, Fort
Hamidieh I. Tabia, and Fort Hamidieh III. Sultanieh. At
the same time ironclads entering the Straits carried on
the direct bombardment of the works of Dardanos on the
Asiatic side and of Suandere on the European side. On
the 7th the French ironclads Suffren, Gaulois, Charlemagne,
and Bouvet, and the British ironclads Agamemnon and Lord
Nelson entered the Straits. While the British ironclads
bombarded at long range the forts of the Narrows between
Chanak and Kilid-Bahr, the French ironclads covered them
by firing at the batteries of Dardanos and Suandere and at
concealed guns, which were silenced. The Fort Rumilieh
Medjidieh Tabia on the European side, and the Fort
Hamidieh I. Tabia on the Asiatic side replied to the British
ironclads, but were also silenced. On the 8th the Queen
Elizabeth, supported by four ironclads, entered the Dardanelles
and bombarded the Fort Rumelieh Medjidieh Tabia, to the
south of the point Kilid-Bahr, with her 15-in. guns. The
operations were hampered by bad weather.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Paris, March 6.

A communiqub issued by the Ministry of War says :—
In view of the situation at the Dardanelles, and in order
to be prepared for any eventuality, the Government has
decided to concentrate an expeditionary force in Northern
Africa. The troops will be ready to embark the moment
the signal is given, and will be despatched to any point where
their presence may be required by circumstances.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Yesterday two enemy armoured
ships and a cruiser bombarded the forts on the coast of
Smyrna during three hours, without any success whatever.
To-day at eight o'clock one French and three English war-
ships, followed by five large mine-sweepers, again shelled
the forts of Smyrna for an hour and a half. Seven shots
from our batteries hit the enemy armoured ship which had
first opened fire. A mine-sweeper was sunk. During to-day's
and yesterday's bombardment we had four killed and seven
wounded in all. Yesterday and to-day the enemy fleet did
not attempt any serious action against the Straits of the
Dardanelles. It is confirmed that the enemy aeroplane
which fell into the sea had been damaged by the fire of our
batteries.

Amsterdam, March 9.

A telegram from Berlin says that an official communi
issued by the Turkish Main Headquarters yesterday says : —

On Sunday three hostile armoured ships intermittently
bombarded without result for three hours at long range the
forts at Smyrna and afterwards retired. This morning the
ships continued for an hour an unsuccessful fire. Both
bombardments did no damage and caused no losses.

In the afternoon four British warships intermittently
bombarded our batteries on the Dardanelles outside the range
of our batteries. The warships, without attaining success,
retired to Tenedos. The hostile cruiser in the Gulf of Saros
which bombarded the regions of Karab and Bulair was hit
in the bridge by two shells.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : No change of importance has taken K.V.,
place in the general situation. This afternoon six enemy March;,
armoured ships bombarded our batteries in the Straits of X9i5.
the Dardanelles. Our batteries replied with success.

Constantinople.

The special correspondent of Wolff's Telegraph Bureau ibid.
telegraphs from the Dardanelles : Yesterday's development
of the artillery action in the outer Dardanelles shows clearly
that on the English side it is realised more and more that
it will be difficult to obtain results without enormous sacri-
fices. I watched yesterday's bombardment at Dardanos
from the immediate proximity. Two cruisers, which 'kept
constantly changing their positions, dropped shells in the
neighbourhood of the village and into the sea, but not into
the Turkish battery, which replied and scored three hits
without itself suffering the loss of a single man. In conse-
quence of this, the English fired to-day from a greater dis-
tance, from which can be gathered that they are more anxious
to spare themselves than to strive for success. The Turkish
officers and men are filled with a confident spirit.

Constantinople.

The following additional details concerning to-day's bom- ibid.
bardment are reported by Headquarters. The enemy fleet
was reinforced by the English ships Majestic and Irresistible,
but a French armoured cruiser was put out of action and an
English armoured cruiser damaged by the fire of our batteries.
In consequence of our bombardment the enemy ships retired
at 3.15 and ceased firing. Our batteries did not suffer any
damage whatever.

Amsterdam, March 6.

According to a Constantinople telegram the latest official Times,
communique on the operations in the Dardanelles is as March 8,
follows :— 1915-

Yesterday evening an enemy fleet, under a strong fire,
attempted to land troops at some points on the coast near

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Kum Kale, out of range of our artillery. At first we let the
enemy proceed, but later replied to their fire. Sixty enemy
soldiers who disembarked near Sedd-el-Bahr, fled to their
boats and retreated, leaving behind twenty dead and wounded.
Four hundred enemy soldiers who came ashore near Kum
Kale were driven away, losing some eighty dead and wounded.
We lost six men killed and twenty-five wounded in the two
fights. Two airmen who flew across the Gulf of Saros fell
into the sea, and their seaplane disappeared in the water.
In the other theatres of war there is nothing important to
report.

Main Headquarters, Berlin, March 8.

The special correspondent of the Lokalanzeiger at the
Dardanelles, telegraphing on the bombardment at ten o'clock
in the morning, states that five large warships appeared in
the Straits at high speed, and that they commenced the
bombardment without following any special plan.

The English fire about sixty shells at one battery every
hour, and scarcely a shot finds it§ mark. The heaviest Turkish
guns on both sides of the Straits 'have not once replied to
this waste of powder by the English. The English have less
luck in their attempts to land troops, and wherever they
appear they are driven back to the water with important
losses. The feeling of the people here is splendid. Up to
now at least 5000 shells of the heaviest calibre have been
fired by the enemy. The results obtained are only the
destruction of two ancient works at the entrance to the
Straits, which were defended by old guns. The forts proper
of the Dardanelles are quite intact.

Constantinople .

The special correspondent of Wolff's Telegraph Bureau
telegraphs from the Dardanelles : Saturday (March 6) brought
a fresh development of the conflict ; fire was opened in the
usual manner from a great distance against the batteries of
Dardanos as well as against Fort Medjidieh, which replied
and scored some hits notwithstanding the distance. Soon
after the beginning of the action an English Dreadnought

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

joined in the action by firing indirectly from the Bay of Saros
over the hills of the point on the European side. The corre-
spondent notices from his point of observation, situated within
the fighting area of Fort Hamidieh, that the shells dropped
partly on the European shore, partly into the water, where
they burst. In the afternoon some stray shots passed over
Fort Hamidieh and dropped in a field, where they sent up
huge columns of earth. The Turkish batteries replied to
the fire with a few well-aimed shots, and forced the English
ship to retire. In the evening a shell splinter pierced the
roof of an empty house without causing injury to anybody.
In the village of Tchanak Kale the population is perfectly
calm.

Constantinople, March 9.

Headquarters reports: To-day three enemy ironclads K.D.,
bombarded intermittently and without result our infantry March 9,
positions near Fort Sedd-el-Bahr. Enemy mine-sweepers,
which tried to approach our mine-fields under cover of a fog,
were driven off by our batteries.

REGULATIONS FOR TRAVELLERS TO HOLLAND

Persons desiring to travel to Flushing or Rotterdam, via Times,
Folkestone or Tilbury, on and after Monday, March 8, are March 2,
reminded that they must first obtain a permit from the I9I5-
Home Office. Applications for permits may be made in
person on and after Thursday, March 4, at the Permit Office,
Downing Street, S.W. Applications must be made at least
three days before the date of sailing. Permits will be issued
with as little delay as possible, but the Office cannot guarantee
their issue in any definite time in cases where inquiry is
necessary.

All applicants will be required to produce their passports,
with their photographs attached and their certificates of
registration, if any, and must furnish the names and addresses
of two British subjects to whom reference can be made.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

They must also produce satisfactory evidence as to the object
of their journey. Employes of firms, or persons acting on
behalf of firms or other persons, must, in addition, produce
certificates from their employers as to the nature of the
business on which they are proceeding abroad. In the case
of persons living at a distance from London a preliminary
application may be made in writing.

NAVAL PRIZE BOUNTY

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 2nd day of March

Present,
The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

L.G., WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial

March 2, from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
I9I5- Admiralty, dated the igth day of February 1915, in the

words following, viz. :—

' i. Whereas by the Naval Prize Act, 1864, it is enacted
that if Your Majesty is pleased in relation to any war
to declare, by Proclamation or Order in Council, Your
intention to grant Prize Bounty to the Officers and
crews of Your Majesty's Ships of War, then such of the
Officers and crews of Your Majesty's Ships of War as are
actually present at the taking or destroying of any armed
Ship of any of Your Majesty's enemies shall be entitled
to have distributed among them as Prize Bounty a sum
calculated at the rate of £5 for each person on board the
enemy's Ship at the beginning of the engagement :

1 2. And whereas a state of war exists between Your
Majesty and the German Empire, the Dual Monarchy of
Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire :

' 3. We beg humbly to submit that Your Majesty may
now be graciously pleased, by Your Order in Council, to
declare Your intention to grant Prize Bounty to the
Officers and crews of Your Majesty's Ships of War.

' 4. We further beg humbly to submit that Prize

Bounty as ascertained under the provisions of the Naval

Prize Act, 1864, should be paid by the Lords Commis-

sioners of Your Majesty's Treasury into the account of

;] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Your Majesty's Paymaster-General at the Bank of England
for distribution under our direction among the Officers and
crews of Your Majesty's Ships of War entitled thereto in
the shares in that behalf to be specified hereafter by Your
Order in Council.

' The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Trea-
sury have signified their concurrence in this proposal/

His Majesty, having taken the said Memorial into con-
sideration, was pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy
Council, to make a Declaration in the terms mentioned, and
to approve of what is thereinafter proposed. And the Right
Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty are
to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.

EMERGENCY ENGINEERING DUTIES

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 2nd day of March, ibid.

Present,

The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial
from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, dated the 2ist day of February 1915, in the words
following, viz. : —

' Whereas by Section 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that all
pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature thereof,
payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's Naval or
Marine Force to a person being or having been an Officer,
Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in such manner,
and subject to such restrictions, conditions, and pro-
visions, as are from time to time directed by Order in
Council :

' And whereas by Order in Council, bearing date the
8th day of August 1911, Your Majesty was pleased to
sanction the payment of allowances to Officers actually
borne for the performance of Engineering Duties, subject
to their having passed certain courses in Engineering :

' And whereas these courses have been suspended during
the present state of hostilities, and it is therefore neces-

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

sary to make provision for the performance of Engineer-
ing Duties by Officers who may not have passed the
specified courses, but who should nevertheless be eligible
to receive the authorised allowances :

' We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to sanction the payment during the period of
hostilities of the allowances authorised for the perform-
ance of Engineering Duties to such Officers, subject to
such conditions as regards practical training as we may
deem necessary.

1 The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have signified their concurrence in this proposal/

His Majesty, having taken the said Memorial into con-
sideration, was pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy
Council, to approve of what is therein proposed. And the
Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
are to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.

DENTAL SURGEONS IN R.N.V.R.

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 2nd day of March
19*5.

Present,
The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial
from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, dated the 25th day of February 1915, in the
words following, viz. : —

' Whereas by section 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that all
pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature thereof,
payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's Naval or
Marine Force to a person being or having been an Officer,
Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in such manner,
and subject to such restrictions, conditions, and provi-
sions, as are from time to time directed by Order in
Council :

' And whereas by the Naval Forces Act, 1903, it is
26

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

enacted that the Admiralty shall have power to raise and
maintain a force to be called the Royal Naval Volunteer
Reserve, and that any Volunteer enrolled under this Act,
when serving for training afloat or called out for actual
service, shall be deemed to be serving in Your Majesty's
Naval or Marine Force within the meaning of the Naval
and Marine Pay and Pensions Act, 1865 :

' And whereas we deem it expedient, under the
authority conferred on us by the said Naval Forces Act,
1903, to establish temporarily a rank of Royal Naval
Volunteer Reserve Officer to be entitled Dental Surgeon :

1 We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to sanction the establishment temporarily of this
rank accordingly, under the regulations set forth in the
accompanying Schedule.

'The Lords Commissioners of. Your Majesty's Trea-
sury have signified their concurrence in these proposals.

SCHEDULE

' REGULATIONS FOR THE ENTRY OF DENTAL SURGEONS
FOR TEMPORARY SERVICE IN THE ROYAL NAVAL
VOLUNTEER RESERVE.

' i. Relative Rank . To be that of Surgeon R.N.V.R.

' 2. Pay . . . To be at the rate of £i a day.

'3. Widows' Pensions, etc. Compensation for injury and

Pensions and Allowances to
widows, children, etc., to be
on the same scale, and pay-
able under the same condi-
tions, as those applicable to
Surgeons R.N.V.R/

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ANTIVARI BOMBARDED

Sir J. Roper Parkington, Consul-General for Montenegro,
has received the following official telegram from Cettinje :—

' Yesterday at three o'clock in the morning, five Austrian
warships entered the port of Antivari and bombarded both
town and port. Some valuable stores were burnt, and the
Royal yacht, which was at anchor, was sunk. One civilian
was killed and several wounded/

THE ORDER OF THE BATH

House of Lords, March 2, 1915.

LORD LATYMER rose to ask His Majesty's Government
whether they would be willing to approach His Majesty the
King with a view to the amendment of the Statutes governing
the appointment to the First Class of the Order of the Bath
so as to admit thereto officers of the Royal Marines.

The noble Lord said : My Lords, on a recent occasion
(November 24, 1914) 1 1 drew attention to the disabilities and
disadvantages under which the Royal Marines labour in
comparison with His Majesty's other Forces, and I then
mentioned that one of those disadvantages was that Marine
officers are debarred from obtaining the highest class of the
Order of the Bath — namely, the G.C.B. On that occasion I
alluded to only a few of the disabilities under which the
Marines labour. I shall have, I hope, later on, when the
present stress and strain is over, some other opportunity of
bringing to the notice of the House these manifest disabilities
and disadvantages. When I brought forward my request for
the appointment of a Committee to inquire into these matters,
I was asked to postpone the Motion, and in accordance with
that docility with which we are affected on this side of the
House I gave way. But, as I say, I hope on another occasion
to bring the matter forward again, and to press successfully
the Motion for the appointment of a Committee of Inquiry.

But to-day I propose to deal with one particular point
only — namely, the exclusion of Royal Marine officers from
any chance of ever obtaining the highest class of the Order
of the Bath. It seems, on the face of it, an incredible thing
28

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

that this should be so. I do not know what possible reasons
can be adduced for the exclusion. The Royal Marines, as
we know, is one of the finest bodies of men that we possess.
They are, I believe, the only Infantrymen in the world who
are also Artillerymen. They won Gibraltar for us, and they
may, for all I know, at this moment be winning Constanti-
nople. Yet Marine officers are excluded from admission to
the First Class of the Order of the Bath. Why ? I shall
be curious to hear the answer. I think every noble Lord
who heard the reply of the Government which was given to
me on the former occasion was satisfied that it was very
inadequate. In fact, the noble Lord who replied took no
notice at all of what I had said about the highest class of
the Order of the Bath. He did not answer that point in
any way. He afterwards had the courtesy, however, to send
me a statement upon the matter, the first paragraph of which
reads as follows : — ' From the terms of the accompanying
Statute it would appear that officers of the Royal Marines
are excluded from appointment to the First Class, or Knights
Grand Cross, of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath/
If there ever was a time when our troops of all kinds ought
to be encouraged in every possible way, it is the present.
And although this may not seem a very great matter, we
must remember that all officers whether in the Navy, the
Army, or the Marines are most sensitive on such points.
What affects Marine officers is not that they cannot obtain
this honour, but the slur which is cast upon them by being
excluded from it. I therefore urge that the Government
should give their attention to this small matter, the putting
right of which would, I venture to say from my knowledge
of many officers in the Marines, encourage them immensely.

I do not know what the reasons, if any, are why this
extraordinary omission from the Statute came to be made.
It certainly cannot be alleged that it is due to inadvertence,
because at the time of the late Queen's Jubilee a special
Statute was passed enabling one particular Marine officer to
be made a G.C.B. I venture to say that that exception
proves that the rule ought not to exist. For if there was an
officer of the Royal Marines who was worthy to have the
G.C.B. in 1887, there certainly must be cases of other officers
similarly entitled to the honour. As I have said, the

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

exclusion of Marine officers was not the result of inadvertence.
There must be some extraordinary reason for it — a reason
very much wrapped up, low down, and difficult to get at.
As a small encouragement to this worthy body of men, who
have gone all over the world and always done their duty
wherever they may have been, I ask His Majesty's Govern-
ment to approach His Majesty with a view to the Statutes
in question being amended so as to admit officers of the Royal
Marines to be appointed to the First Class of the Order of
the Bath.

EARL BEAUCHAMP : My Lords, my noble friend who
generally attends to Admiralty affairs in your Lordships'
House is unfortunately laid up by the prevailing illness and
unable to attend, but on his behalf I have pleasure in replying
to the noble Lord's question. It appears that under the
Statutes which govern the Order of the Bath, General officers
of the Royal Marines are not eligible for the Grand Cross ;
and as was said by the noble Lord just now, when an appoint-
ment was made in 1887 a special Statute was passed for the
purpose. That special Statute, however, applied to the
particular individual and was not made of general application.
The explanation is that until now General officers of the
Royal Marines have had, generally speaking, no military
command open to them ; it is only recently that they have
been considered with Generals of the Army in the selection
to certain commands, and there is one Royal Marine officer
now in command in Sierra Leone. The fact that on the
last occasion the noble Lord met with no satisfaction on this
point is, I am afraid, due to my noble friend who "replied not
knowing that this question was going to be raised. He
therefore had no information at his disposal without making
inquiries into the subject. As it is, His Majesty's Government
have no reason to be anything but obliged to the noble Lord
for having drawn this apparent anomaly to their attention,
and I can assure him that this matter will be considered,
together with a whole lot of difficult questions of a similar
kind.

The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, I am glad that Lord
Latymer has brought this matter forward, and it was with
pleasure that I listened to the reply of the noble Earl on
behalf of His Majesty's Government. It was obvious that
30

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

when once attention was drawn to this extraordinary anomaly
no one in authority would attempt to defend it. It is a
commonplace with all of us what a valuable corps the Royal
Marines are, and that they, and they alone, of the King's
Forces should be debarred, in the persons of their senior
officers, from receiving the highest reward of the Order of
the Bath was certainly an anomaly which could not be
upheld. I was glad also to gather from what the noble Earl
said that there are other questions in connection with the
Royal Marines which are going to be considered by the
Board of Admiralty.

The officers of the Royal Marines are in a position of
quite extraordinary difficulty. After a life spent in valuable
service at sea and on land, and just as the Marine officer
rises to the top of his profession so are all avenues of employ-
ment closed to him. It was for that reason that the Board
of Admiralty over which I had the honour to preside, when
the new scheme of naval training was brought in fourteen
years ago, settled that entry to the Royal Marines should be
the same as that of officers of the Navy — through Osborne
and Dartmouth. By that means, and by that means alone,
the Board of Admiralty at that time thought that officers of
the Royal Marines could be delivered from that professional
cul-de-sac in which they always found themselves just as
they arrived at the height of their experience and power ;
because the Army naturally did not consider itself responsible
for finding employment for the senior officers of the Marines,
and the only employment for those senior officers which the
Navy had to offer were commands of a naval character for
which Royal Marine officers had not been trained. Therefore
it was that we hoped, by this common entry of all officers
of all branches serving in the King's ships, we should be
able to give an open career to the principal and most able
officers of Marines just as to the principal and most able
officers of the Navy.

Circumstances over which the Board of Admiralty had no
control have, however, rather interrupted our intentions,
because the expansion of the Navy has been so great that all
officers who were educated at Osborne and Dartmouth have
necessarily been taken for the Navy and none have been
left for the Marines. Therefore entry for the Marines from

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

outside had again to be allowed in order that the ranks of
the officers of the Marines might be filled. I am glad, however,
that His Majesty's Government are going to look into this
whole question of officers of the Royal Marines, and that
they have given us a practical pledge that they will, at a
time which seems good to them, approach His Majesty with
a view to throwing the highest honour of the Order of the
Bath open to officers of the Royal Marines as well as to
officers of the Navy and the Army.

OPERATIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

Constantinople, March 9.

KD., Headquarters reports as follows: As the English were

March 9, attempting a fresh advance along the river Karun in Irak
I9I5- they suffered a fresh reverse. Three battalions of English

infantry with two quick-firing field guns and two mountain
guns, a machine-gun section, and one squadron, attempted
on March 3 to attack our positions in the neighbourhood of
Ahvaz. After our troops and volunteers had undertaken a
counter-attack, and the enemy had lost four hundred killed
and wounded and left a large number of prisoners in our
hands, he fled through the river in disorder towards his ships,
which were moored to the southward of Berder and Nassrie.
Among the dead are an English major and four other officers.
Our booty consists of three guns with all their gear and
munitions, five hundred rifles, two hundred horses, and a
great quantity of medical stores. Our losses are insignificant.

NOTICES TO MARINERS
(No. 149 of the year 1915)

NORTH SEA
Caution with regard to Mined Areas

Former Notice (No. 1706 of 1914) hereby cancelled.

L.G., Caution. — Mariners are again warned that a system of

March 5, mine-fields has been established by H.M. Government upon
I9I5- a considerable scale.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

All vessels are strongly advised to obtain a London Trinity
House pilot when navigating between Great Yarmouth and
the English Channel.

It is dangerous for ships to cross the area between the
parallels of 51° 15' and 51° 40' North latitude and the meridians
of i° 35' and 3° oo' East longitude.

The Southern limit of the area in the North Sea which
has been rendered dangerous by the enemy's mines is now,
so far as is known at present, the parallel of 51° 54' North
latitude.

Remarks. — Although these limits are assigned to the
danger areas, it must not be supposed that navigation is
necessarily safe in any part of the southern waters of the
North Sea.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrogmpher.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, yd March 1915.

[NOTE. — The following is the Notice to Mariners cancelled above,
together with the previous Notice which it cancels in its turn : —

NOTICE TO MARINERS
(No. 1706 of the year 1914)

NORTH SEA
Caution with regard to Mined Areas

Former Notice (No. 1626 of 1914) hereby cancelled

Caution. — A system of mine-fields has been established by H.M. L.G.,
Government, and is being developed upon a considerable scale. Nov. 6,

It is dangerous henceforth for ships to cross the area between the 1914-
parallels of 51° 15' and 51° 40' North latitude and the meridians of
i° 35' and 3° oo' East longitude.

The Southern limit of the area in the North Sea which has been
rendered dangerous by the enemy's mines is now, so far as is known at
present, the parallel of 51° 54' North latitude and not as stated in the
former Notice ; this extension is owing to the enemy's mines having
drifted from their positions.

Remarks. — Although these limits are assigned to the dangerous
NAVAL 40 33

L.G.,

Oct. 13,
1914.

L.G.,

March 5,

igzs-

1 [See
Naval 3,
p. 24.]

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

areas, it must not be supposed that navigation is necessarily safe in any
part of the southern waters of the North Sea.

Authority.— The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographcr.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, $rd November 1914.

NOTICE TO MARINERS
(No. 1626 of the year 1914)

NORTH SEA
Caution with regard to Mined Areas

In confirmation of the Public Notice, which has already been issued
to the Press, the following information is now promulgated.

Caution. — H.M. Government have authorised a mine-laying policy
in certain areas, and a system of mine-fields has been established and
is being developed upon a considerable scale.

It is dangerous henceforth for ships to cross the area between the
parallels of 51° 15' and 51° 40' North latitude and the meridians of
i° 35' and 3° oo' East longitude.

The Southern limit of the area in the North Sea in which mines have
been laid by the enemy is, so far asjs known at present, the fifty-second
parallel of North latitude.

Remarks. — Although these limits are assigned to the danger areas,
it must not be supposed that navigation is necessarily safe in any part
of the southern waters of the North Sea.

Authority. — Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, qth October 1914.]

(No. 154 of the year 1915)

UNITED KINGDOM
Pilotage Stations established at certain Ports on account of

Defensive Mine- fields

Former Notice (No. 16 of 1915 x) hereby cancelled
With reference to the extension of the system of Mine
defence, notice is hereby given that Pilotage is now com-
pulsory at the following ports for all vessels (including fishing
34

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

vessels) which have a draught of over eight feet, and that it
is highly dangerous for any vessel to enter or leave such
ports without a pilot. Fishing and other small vessels having
a draught of over eight feet are to assemble at the Pilotage
stations, and will be conducted into and out of port in groups.

(1) FIRTH OF FORTH. — All incoming vessels are only per-
mitted to enter the Firth of Forth during daylight hours ;
they are to pass between the Isle of May and Anstruther
Wester, thence they must steer a direct course for Kinghorn
Ness. On approaching Inchkeith, the Pilot vessel in the
North channel is to be closed, and a pilot embarked.

Vessels are warned that they should on no account pass
to the southward of a line joining the north point of the
Isle of May and Kinghorn Ness, until in the longitude of 3° W.,
when course may be shaped for the centre of North channel.

Outward bound vessels should steer to pass the longitude
of 3° W. in latitude 56° 06' 30" N., then shape course to pass
between Anstruther Wester and the Isle of May.

The above orders apply to vessels proceeding to any port in
the Firth of Forth, whether to the eastward of Inchkeith or not.

(2) MORAY FIRTH. — All vessels bound to Cromarty or
Inverness must call for a pilot at Wick or Burghead.

Outgoing vessels are to discharge their pilots at one or
the other of these places.

It is dangerous for any vessel to be under way to the
south-westward of a line joining Findhorn and Tarbat Ness
without a pilot.

(3) SCAPA FLOW. — All entrances are dangerous.

Examination services have been established in the en-
trances to Hoxa and Hoy sounds : vessels wishing to enter
must communicate with the Examination vessel and follow
the instructions received from her very carefully.

The only vessels permitted to enter Hoy Sound from the
westward are those bound for Stromness : vessels cannot
enter Scapa Flow from Stromness.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, qth March 1915.

-———-- — — — — 35

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ADMIRALTY CONTRACT (GERMAN DRAFTSMAN)

House of Commons, March 3, 1915.

Hansard. SIR WILLIAM BULL asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

. whether he is aware that a firm of constructional engineers
under contract with the Government have in their employ
a German draftsman whose services they are still retaining ;
that this man has been employed on drawings and plans of
an existing East Coast aerial station ; that, after having
been removed from the works, he still continued to do his
work for the firm from his private house : and that this
man communicates with his friends in Germany through a
neutral country ; and what action it is proposed to take ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The firm referred to had a draftsman
on their staff — a German subject. We made inquiry into
the matter, insisting that none but natural born British
subjects should be employed on our work. We were in-
formed by the firm that they were no longer employing the
man in their office, but that they had given him work, which
had no connection with the Admiralty or any other Govern-
ment Department, at his own home. I understand that the
man is no longer in the employment of the firm in any capacity
whatever.

ENGINEER-LIEUTENANTS (PAY)

ibid. LORD CHARLES BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty whether engineer-lieutenants under the old scheme
receive only us. a day, while lieutenants (E) under the new
scheme receive us. a day and an additional 45. a day specialisa-
tion pay ; and, if so, whether he will take steps to redress
this inequality ?

DR. MACNAMARA: The answer to the first part of the
question is in the affirmative as regards the initial rates only.
It is not proposed to alter the existing scales.

ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE

ibid. LORD C. BERESFORD asked why engineer officers of the

Royal Naval Reserve have not been called up for service in
the Royal Navy during the present war ?
36

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DR. MACNAMARA : The necessity for calling out com-
missioned engineer officers of the Royal Naval Reserve has
not yet arisen. As the noble Lord is probably aware, a certain
number are employed in merchant ships taken up.

H.M.S. CLAN MACNAUGHTON

•

MR. FALLE asked if His Majesty's ship Clan Macnaughton ibid.
was surveyed after her guns were put aboard ; and, if so,
was she passed and by what authority ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Clan Macnaughton, a nearly new
vessel of the Clan Line, classed by the British Corporation
Registry, was fitted out for His Majesty's service at Tilbury
under the supervision of naval, constructive, and engineering
officers deputed to act for that purpose. The armament
placed in the vessel was light in comparison with her size,
and all necessary stiffening to take it was fitted. Investiga-
tions as to the loading and the stability of the vessel were
made at the Admiralty, and instructions were issued to the
commanding officer of the ship. The Admiralty are satisfied
that the vessel was in good condition and seaworthy, and
that she possessed ample stability.

STOKER RATINGS

SIR CLEMENT KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of ibid.
the Admiralty whether he can see his way to grant warrant
rank to stoker ratings instead of requiring these ratings to
seek promotion for their services as mechanicians ?

DR. MACNAMARA: The Admiralty do not see their way
to the adoption of the hon. member's suggestion. As is
indicated by the terms of his question, opportunities for
promotion to warrant rank already exist.

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE : Has the right hon. gentleman
read the statements made by Admiral Beatty and Admiral
Sturdee in their despatches,1 published to-day, and does he 1 [See
not consider, in view of these statements, that some recogni- Naval 2
tion ought to be made of the stokers ? an

DR. MACNAMARA : As to the fine work done by the stokers ^ I24
the Admiralty are entirely aware of it.

SIR C. Ki&LOCH-CooKE : I asked whether there would
be some recognition of their work ?

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ROYAL DOCKYARDS

House of Commons, March 3, 1915.

Hansard. SIR CLEMENT KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of

the Admiralty whether it is proposed to make any conces-
sion to the masons and bricklayers employed in the Royal
dockyards ; and, if not, will he say why these trades were
overlooked in the recent concessions announced ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The case of bricklayers and masons
was considered with those of the other classes of employes,
but, having regard to all the circumstances, it was not con-
sidered that any further increase in the rates for this class
was warranted at present.

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE : Is the right hon. gentleman
aware that the masons and bricklayers do not know of this ?

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE asked whether the same conces-
sions will be conceded to men of all trades working in His
Majesty's gun- wharves as have been given to men employed
in His Majesty's dockyards ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The concessions granted in the replies
to the 1914 petitions to tradesmen in His Majesty's dock-
yards will be conceded to corresponding grades in naval
ordnance establishments, including the gun-wharves.

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS (SEPARATION
ALLOWANCES)

ibid. SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty whether he is aware of the hardships that follow
the non-granting of separation allowances to the wives of
men who have reached warrant rank in the Royal Navy ;
and whether he can see his way to give the same privileges
in this respect to warrant officers, Royal Navy, as is now
given to men who have reached that rank in the Royal
Marines ?

DR. MACNAMARA : This matter is under consideration
by the Select Committee.

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE : Is the right hon. gentleman
aware that he gave me the same answer some months ago ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not think it could be the same
some months ago. We made representations to the Select
38

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Committee, and I issued a memorandum which included that
point.

MERCHANT SERVICE (INSURANCE AGAINST
WAR RISKS)

MR. PETO asked the President of the Board of Trade ibid.
whether he will state the terms on which masters, officers,
and seamen in the British merchant service are to be enabled
to insure their eifects against war risks ; and whether life
policies will be granted at the same rate of premium per cent. ?

The PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (MR. RUNCI-
MAN) : A certificate of insurance covering the personal effects
of masters, officers, and seamen against war risks can be
obtained at the Mercantile Marine Office at any of the prin-
cipal ports in the United Kingdom. The insurance is for
an amount limited to a maximum, ranging from £100 for the
eifects of a master to £5 for the effects of a seaman, subject
to proof of loss, and is valid for six months. The premium
is at present at the rate of 2 per cent, for six months. I am
sending the hon. member a copy of a handbill which gives
full details of the scheme. The Government have decided
to pay compensation on the scale applicable to officers and men
employed in Fleet auxiliaries in the case of any British master,
officer, or seaman on a British merchant ship who is killed
or injured by mines, torpedoes, or other hostile operations.
This scheme, which is in effect a free life insurance, will date
back to the beginning of the war.

H.M.S. NIGER (CASUALTIES)

House of Commons, March 4, 1915.

MR. PETO asked the First Lord of the Admiralty what was Hansard.
the number of casualties in connection with the sinking by
torpedo of His Majesty's ship Niger, guardship at the Downs,
and by whose orders this vessel maintained a stationary
position ; and when it is intended to hold a court of inquiry
into the loss of this vessel ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
(DR. MACNAMARA) : The casualties were fourteen lost and
three wounded, of whom one died subsequently. My right

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

hon. friend cannot discuss the conduct of naval operations.
A court of inquiry has been held, and he has no statement to
make.

ROYAL MARINES

House of Commons, March 4, 1915.

Hansard. SIR CLEMENT KiNLOCH-CooKE asked what is the position

of men serving in the Royal Marines who have completed
their time for pension during the period of hostilities and are
serving on in their regiment ; and will pensions be paid from
the date when their period of service expired or only from the
date of final discharge at the end of the war ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Marines whose period of service expires
while they are serving on a foreign station may, at the dis-
cretion of the Commanding Officer on the station under the
Royal Marines Act, 1847, be detained for a period of two years.
During the continuance of the present war it is open to the
Admiralty under the Royal Marines Act, 1914, to retain also
for a similar period the services of those Marines whose period
of engagement expires while they are serving at home. No
awards of Long Service pensions can be made until the men are
discharged, but applications for the award of Good Conduct
Medal or Good Conduct Gratuity earned by service will be
considered. The further service will be taken into account
when the pensions are awarded at the close of the -war, and
pensions earned by service up to the date of completing time
for pension will be regarded as secured except in cases of con-
viction for mutiny or felony or of dismissal from the Service
with disgrace.

H.M.S. VIKNOR AND CLAN MACNAUGHTON

ibid. LORD CHARLES BERESFORD asked whether, since the loss

of His Majesty's ships Viknor and Clan Macnaughton, there
is a doubt as to the seaworthiness of similar ships being
employed as armed cruisers, notably when the bunkers
become empty ; whether the Admiralty can see their way
to give these ships more ballast, there being no cargo ; and
whether mounting guns on the upper deck under these cir-
cumstances renders this class of ship top-heavy ?

DR. MACNAMARA : In the case of each vessel taken up
40

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and fitted as an armed merchant cruiser, the most careful
attention has been paid to the loading and stability of the
vessel. Actual stability tests have been carried out in all
necessary cases, and instructions have been issued to the
commanding officers of the vessels as to the extent to which
they might be loaded and the precautions to be observed in
working out the coal. In cases in which investigations
showed it to be necessary, ballast was added, and in all cases,
having regard to these instructions, the Admiralty are
satisfied as to the lading of the vessels and as to their stability
in all conditions of lading. The armaments carried by the
ships are very light in comparison with the size of the vessels,
and the weights added in this respect were fully taken into
account when their stability was investigated and the in-
structions issued. None of the vessels when taken over were
new, and all of them had been employed on their merchant
cruises. The mounting of the guns has not rendered the
vessels top-heavy, and no further ballast for stability pur-
poses is necessary.

MR. HINDS asked how many lifeboats and what other life-
saving apparatus the S.S. Clan Macnaughton carried ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Clan Macnaughton carried six life-
boats as well as four other boats, the total carrying capacity
of which was sufficient for all on board. She was further
supplied with a large number of lifebelts, and two liferafts,
each capable of supporting fifty men.

ROYAL NAVAL RESERVES

MR. GOLDSTONE asked the Parliamentary Secretary to the
Admiralty how many men belonging to the engineering staff
of the Royal Naval Reserve are now engaged on board His
Majesty's ships ; whether the supply is sufficient to meet the
present requirements of the Navy ; and whether he is aware
of the dissatisfaction in this branch of the Service with exist-
ing rates of pay and prospects of promotion ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not think that it would be desirable
to give detailed information as to the numbers of the Royal
Naval Reserve engine-room staff employed in His Majesty's
ships. Entries of men continue to be made in this branch,
and the supply is sufficient to meet present requirements. I

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

am not aware that the facts are as suggested in the concluding
part of my hon. friend's question.

HIS MAJESTY'S TRAWLERS

House of Commons, March 4, 1915.

Hansard. MR. CLOUGH asked whether the Secretary to the Admiralty

can see his way to advance the pay of the coxswains of His
Majesty's trawlers to 35. 6d. per day and £i per month war
retainer so as to place them on the same scale of pay as the
A.B. Trawler Reserve ; and whether he can arrange for them
to obtain their food from the Service at Service prices ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The retainer paid to the Royal Naval
Reservist is given in respect of his liability to be called up
from civil life on mobilisation, and unless he elects to allot
half of it to his dependants it is set aside for payment to him
on resuming his civil occupation. It is therefore not appro-
priate to the conditions under which naval ratings of the
general Service are engaged. When employed in trawlers the
latter are eligible to receive the allowance recently conceded
of is. 3d. a day (chief petty officer and petty officer) or is. a
day (A.B. and leading ratings) hard lying money in addition to
their substantive, non-substantive, and badge pay All men
of whatever class serving in trawlers receive a victualling
allowance of is. 5d. a day. As regards the last sentence of my
hon. friend's question, I understand that arrangements of the
nature indicated are already made so far as is practicable.

MINED VESSELS (COMPENSATION TO
DEPENDANTS)

ibid. MR. TICKLER asked if the Secretary to the Admiralty can

recommend the payment of compensation to the wives and
children of skippers and mates who have lost their lives
through their vessels being blown up with mines since the war
began, as the Government has already expressed their inten-
tion to pay such compensation from the i8th February 1915 ?
MR. RUNCIMAN : It is the intention that the scheme for
the payment of compensation in the event of death or injury
in the case of masters, officers, and seamen on British merchant
ships, which was announced on the igth February, should be
42

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

retrospective and date back to the beginning of the war. The
question whether the scheme should be extended to fishing
vessels is now being considered.

INTERNMENT OF PRISONERS (LIBERATION OF

SHIPS)

MR. WATT asked the Under-Secretary of State for War ibid.
whether any of the nine vessels x chartered and utilised for 1 [See
the internment of prisoners has yet been freed ; and, if not, Naval 3,
on what dates it is anticipated that all will be liberated and P- 3°9J
the money saved to the country ?

The UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR (MR. TEN-
NANT) : Two of these ships have been liberated. It is
anticipated that more will be set free by the end of April,
and the remainder from time to time as other accommodation
becomes available.

MR. PETO : What is the monthly cost to the country
of using these ships ?

MR. TENNANT : Obviously I cannot answer that without
notice.

INTERNED STEAMERS (FREIGHT CHARGES)

MR. NEVILLE asked the President of the Board of Trade ibid.
what is the highest freight per ton of coal charged for the
use of any of the interned steamers lately made available for
the coastal trade ; x and what is the average freight per ton * [See
charged for such interned steamers as compared with the Naval 3,
average freight per ton charged for the use of similar steamers ^ ?°9'
other than the interned steamers ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : From the Tyne to London the highest
freight paid in the case of an interned steamer was 135.,
which was is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. below rates on outside steamers.
The present rate on interned steamers is I2s., and on outside
steamers 145. 6d. to 155. 6d. The average rate to London
during February was 135. 6d. for outside steamers and
los. lod. for interned steamers.

MR. NEVILLE asked the President of the Board of Trade
how many of the gentlemen who form the committee which
regulates the freights to be charged for the use of the interned

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

steamers in the coastal trade are representatives of ship-
owners, distributing merchants, and consumers, respectively ?
MR. RUNCIMAN : The methods by which freights are
charged for the use of the interned steamers in the coasting
trade are regulated by the Government.

ARMY ACT AMENDMENT BILL

House of Commons, March 4, 1915.
As amended, considered.

The following Section shall be inserted in the Army Act
after Section 184 : —

NEW CLAUSE. — (Relations between Military and Naval Forces

Acting Together)

1840. (i) Where an officer or petty officer in the Navy
is a member of a body of His Majesty's naval forces acting
with or is attached to any body of His Majesty's military
forces under such conditions as may be prescribed by regula-
tions made by the Admiralty and Arrrty Council, then, for the
purposes of command and discipline and for the purposes
of the provisions of this Act relating to superior officers,
he shall, in relation to such body of His Majesty's military
forces as aforesaid, be treated and have all such powers
(other than powers of punishment) as if he were a military
officer or non-commissioned officer as the case may be.

(2) Where any officer or soldier is a member of a body
of His Majesty's military forces acting with or is attached
to any body of His Majesty's naval forces under such condi-
tions as may be so prescribed as aforesaid, then, for the
purposes of command and discipline and for the purposes
of the provisions of this Act relating to superior officers,
the officers and petty officers of such naval body shall, in
relation to him, be treated and have all such powers (other
than powers of punishment) as if they were military officers
or non-commissioned officers.

(3) The relative rank of naval and military officers,
petty officers, and non-commissioned officers shall, for the
purposes of this section, be such as is provided by the
King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions for the
time being in force.

Proposed clause brought up, and read the first time.
44

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Motion made, and Question proposed, ' That the clause
be read a second time/

The UNDER-SECRETARYOF STATE FOR WAR (MR. TENNANT) :
The object of this amendment is to provide for the mutual
relations between naval and military forces acting together
and to confer reciprocal powers of command upon military
officers or non-commissioned officers and naval officers and
petty officers over a naval force and military force respectively,
when such forces are acting together. At present two such
forces acting in the same place have no defined relation to one
another, and a deadlock might ensue from the absence of any
definite designation of any officer as the officer in command
of all the forces. A military force is, of course, subject to the
Army Act, and a naval force to the Naval Discipline Act, and
at present a naval officer has no power of command or dis-
cipline over soldiers acting with or attached to a naval force,
and similarly a military officer has no power of command or
discipline over naval ratings acting with or attached to a
military force.

The amendment is devised to meet this difficulty, and a
corresponding amendment to the Naval Discipline Act is being
made by the Admiralty in a Naval Discipline Bill x which has * [See
recently been introduced. As regards carrying out discipline, P- 66.]
the intention is to confer only the power of arrest, the military
or naval offenders being dealt with under the Army Act or
Naval Discipline Act respectively, for trial and punishment.
The relative rank, for purposes of precedence of naval and
military officers, petty officers, and non-commissioned officers
is provided in the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instruc-
tions. The effect of the provision is therefore to bring about"
temporarily and within definite limits a coalescence of the two
forces. The provision only applies to joint operations on land,
and must be brought into force by a Joint Order specially
made by the Admiralty and Army Council for the purpose.
The relations between two forces (military and naval) when
the military are embarked on board ship is already provided
for under Section 88 of the Naval Discipline Act and an Order
in Council made thereunder.
Question put, and agreed to.

Clause read a second time and added to the Bill.
Bill read the third time, and passed.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SUBMARINE SHELLED BY FRENCH WARSHIP

Paris, March 5.

Times, The following official statement was issued here this

March 6, evening : —

I9I5- A warship belonging to the flotilla of the second French

light squadron yesterday fired upon a German submarine of
the U-2 type in the Channel. The submarine was hit by
three shells before it dived and disappeared without leaving
any trace. — Renter.

ZEPPELIN DAMAGED

Amsterdam, March 5.

ibid. According to reliable information received here Zeppelin

L 8 was seriously damaged yesterday when descending at
Tirlemont, and had to be dismantled for repairs. — Renter.

Amsterdam, March 6.

Times, A Brussels telegram states that advices of yesterday's date

March 8, from Berlin say :—

I9I5- A Zeppelin yesterday, while returning from a successful

reconnoitring flight, got among some trees while landing in
the darkness, and suffered not inconsiderable damage, so that
it appeared advisable to dismantle the airship. This was
executed with the utmost speed by men of the airship column.
The airship will be remounted in Germany. — Renter.

Amsterdam, March 8.

Times, The correspondent of the Telegraaf at Tirlemont has sent

March 9, the following details of the recent accident to Zeppelin L 8,
I9I5- which came down at Tirlemont and had to be dismantled for

repairs : —

At ii o'clock on Thursday evening two Zeppelins appeared
above Tirlemont. The motors of one of them were evidently
out of order, as sharp explosions could be heard coming from
the airship.

At 3 o'clock in the morning L 8 was about to land on a
46

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

field in the village of Wommerson. It was flying low and its
cars smashed off the tops of seven poplars a few metres above
the ground. One of the cars was wrenched off, and was
buried deep in the clayey soil. The airship was smashed right
in half, and, as the ballonets at both ends were still intact,
the dirigible assumed the shape of a capital V.

The correspondent further learned that seventeen of the
crew of forty-two were killed, and were buried the same
morning near the place where the airship landed. The
machinery of the Zeppelin was completely destroyed, and the
dirigible was dismantled on the spot. Her silk covering and
the aluminium framework were at once sent to Germany.
The correspondent adds that it will be utterly impossible to
repair L 8. — Reuter.

Paris, March 14.

It is reported from Belgian sources that the Zeppelin Times,
which was brought down on March 4 in the neighbourhood of March
Tirlemont was not, as stated by the Germans, wrecked by a
gale, but by an aeroplane attack made by two French machines
and two English. The crew numbered forty-one, of whom
nine were found dead and twenty-nine injured. Twelve of the
latter died the following day. The debris of the airship were
loaded on twenty-two lorries and taken to Germany.

The Journal reports that seven aeroplanes flew over
Poperinghe yesterday afternoon and dropped ten bombs.
There were ten victims, military and civil.

M. AUGAGNEUR AND THE FRENCH FLEET

The French Minister of Marine, M. Augagneur, in the Times,
course of a conversation with the Paris correspondent of the March 5,
United Press of America, which is published as a copyright I9I5-
message by the Exchange Telegraph Company, said : —

Not another ship shall reach Germany if we can help it,
and I think we can. We have observed from the start all the
rules of civilised warfare. Germany has broken all, putting
herself on the same plane as savages. Well, we will starve
her out. People say that Germany has secretly built many

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

large submarines, but I know better. I know within two or
three exactly how many she has, and neither England nor
France is in the least frightened. Germany may sink a ship
now and then — that is inevitable — but, in the ultimate end,
what good will it do her ? The outcome of the war will not
be changed one single iota. The threat to torpedo merchant-
men is of the same brand as the threats to destroy London
and Paris with Zeppelins. What if Zeppelins actually visited
Paris or London ? They might kill one, two, or even three
hundred non-combatants, but what of it ? The achievement
would merely add to their record of savagery, but the final
result would, in no way, be affected.

Our Mediterranean Fleet is waiting for the enemy to pick
up courage enough to show itself. That is its principal duty ;
but, since the beginning of the war, our ships have been
promenading up and down the Mediterranean, sometimes
challenging the enemy at his very door, but each time he sees
us coming he turns tail and flees. We have also done much
work in keeping the sea open for the transport of troops from
Algeria and of British troops from Suez east of Gibraltar.
Our sailors are in the pink of condition and spoiling for a
chance to meet the enemy. ^ We would not ask for anything
better than that the Ausfrians should give battle at the
entrance to the Dardanelles. That is what we have been
trying to bring about since the war started.

As to the advance on Constantinople, we shall not give
up until the city falls. We do not expect to open the Dar-
danelles without an effort, but we shafl. get through in good
time. Just how long that will be I cannot say, because it
depends on many things. The hardest work will be from the
middle of the Dardanelles to the Sea of Marmora. Once
through there, which is merely a question of time, there will
remain comparatively little to accomplish.

GERMAN SUBMARINE SUNK IN CHANNEL

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

March 6, announcement :-

1915.

Yesterday afternoon the German submarine U 8 was sank

in the Channel off Dover by destroyers. The officers and
men were taken prisoners.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — March 9,

A report has now been received from Rear-Admiral the I915
Hon. Horace Hood on the sinking of the German submarine
U 8 off Dover at 5 P.M. on the 4th of March.

From this it appears that the submarine was finally
destroyed by the destroyers Gurkha and Maori. Other
destroyers which took part in the hunt were Viking, Nubian,
Mohawk, Falcon, Kangaroo, Cossack, Leven, Fawn, Syren,
and Ure.

The operations were directed by the officer commanding
the flotilla, Captain C. D. Johnson, and were marked by skill
and promptitude.

German wireless news, issued from Berlin on Saturday Times,
(March 6) states : — March 8,

With regard to the loss of the submarine U 8, the papers
remark that the destruction of one U-boat after a three weeks'
U-boat war cannot be called an important triumph for the
English.

ANOTHER STEAMER TORPEDOED

March 8.

The Secretary of the Admiralty regrets to announce that P.B.
the S.S. Bengrove, 2389 tons, owned by Messrs. Joseph Hoult
and Co., Liverpool, with a cargo of coal from Barry, was
sunk probably by torpedo from submarine off Ilfracombe at
2 P.M. on Sunday (March 7).

The crew of thirty-three were all saved. They took to
their boats and were picked up by the S.S. Paignton, and
landed at Ilfracombe.

RUSSIAN OPERATIONS IN BLACK SEA

Naval General Staff, Petrograd, March 8.

On 7th March our fleet bombarded Zunguldak, Kozlu, Times,
and Kilimli, destroying all structures and plant for the output March 9,
and shipment of coal.
NAVAL 4 D 49

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The bombardment was followed by a terrific explosion
and fire. Four batteries were silenced. Eight steamers and
a large sailing vessel were destroyed. Our casualties were
three wounded.

Constantinople.

K.V., Headquarters reports : Whilst the light division of our

March 9, fleet was occupied the day before yesterday, in carrying on a
I9I5» reconnoitring expedition on the Russian coast, the Russian

fleet bombarded the harbours of Kilimli, Zunguldak, Kozlu,
and Eregli. In Zunguldak the French hospital and fifteen
houses in the French quarter were destroyed, the Greek vessel
Takssiara was sunk in the harbour. An enemy torpedo-
boat, which attempted to approach the harbour, was hit by
the fire of our batteries and withdrew. In Eregli fifty old
wooden houses in the Greek quarter were set on fire by shell
fire. The manager of a Russian navigation company, who is
of Greek nationality, was wounded, and his two children
and his wife were killed. An Italian vessel and the ship
Neva were taken by the Russians, also the vessels Heibeli Ada
and Pressia, and sunk in the harbour ; the crews were saved.
As a result of the bombardfhent of these four places, which
lasted six hours, seven persons were slightly wounded among
the soldiers and inhabitants.

PILOTS (COMPENSATION)

House of Commons, March 8, 1915.

Hansard. MR. JOYCE asked the President of the Board of Trade under

what conditions of compensation pilots are placed who, in
the performance of their duties, are either killed or injured by
mines, torpedoes, or other hostile operations during the war ;
and is he aware that in several cases up to the present time
pilots have been on board of ships that have been either mined
or torpedoed ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : Compensation in accordance with the
scale laid down for officers and men on Fleet auxiliaries would
be payable in respect of British pilots on British merchant
ships who are killed or injured by mines, torpedoes, or other
hostile operations during the war.
50

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

MR. JOYCE : Does not the right hon. gentleman know that
the pilots have to go on board neutral ships as well as British
ships, and, in the event of such neutral ships being mined or
torpedoed, and injury thus caused to the pilot, may I ask
whether any compensation would be given ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : I will consider that point sympathetically.
There are difficulties about those on board neutral vessels,
but if neutral vessels are performing services to us we ought
obviously to treat those who pilot them as we treat those on
our own vessels.

Mr. JOYCE : Is the right hon. gentleman not aware that
pilots are placed in a very peculiar position, as they have to
give their services to every ship that comes along ?

ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE

MR. PETO asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether, ibid.
in the case of those officers on the permanent list of the Royal
Naval Reserve who prior to the war had seen no naval service,
their present time in active service will count as qualifying for
the annual retainer ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The answer is in the affirmative.

MINE SWEEPING (TRAWLERS)

MR. TICKLER asked the Secretary to the Admiralty (i) if he ibid.
is aware that several of the owners of steam trawlers whose
vessels have been requisitioned for mine sweeping have refused
to sign their charters, as the hiring amounts offered are in-
sufficient to adequately recompense them for the loss of their
services and the owners have never received payment for their
hire nor anything for the stores ; whether he will cause inquiry
to be made into this state of affairs ; and (2) whether he is
aware that the owners of the fishing vessels at the various ports
have readily placed their vessels at the disposal of the Admiralty
for mine-sweeping and other purposes, and that the terms for
hiring the trawlers have not in all cases been satisfactory to
the owners ; will he state how, if the vessels are lost, the
amount to be paid is calculated ; if, upon the return of the
vessels to their owners in a damaged condition, the Admiralty
will pay the costs of the necessary repairs to enable them to be
used for their original purpose of fishing ; and will the autho-

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

rities promptly settle the agreed amounts for such repairs and
renewals ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As regards rates of hire, in all cases in
which claims have been rendered payment has been made at
the Admiralty rates of hire. I understand that there have
been cases where owners would not render claims on this basis
fearing they might thereby prejudice their application for
reconsideration. They have been asked to forward claims
upon which payment would be made to them without pre-
judice to any representations which they might hereafter wish
to make. As regards payment for stores, these have in point
of fact been passed in nearly all cases. As regards vessels
lost, the amounts payable have been fixed on the basis of the
value of the hull and outfit, and the machinery and boilers, as
ascertained by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, with a depre-
ciation on the residual value for each complete year of the
vessel's age. The terms of the charter party provide that
the vessel, her outfit and machinery shall, at the cost of the
Admiralty, be handed back to the owners in the same condition
as when they were taken up, ordinary wear and tear alone
excepted. I am aware that some objection has been taken to
the rate of hire and to the amounts to be paid in the event of
loss. Arrangements will be made to give trawler owners an
early opportunity of stating their views.

SHORTAGE OF CARGO SHIPS

House of Commons, March 8, 1915.

Hansard. SIR JOHN LONSDALE asked the Prime Minister whether,

having regard to the existing deficiency in the number of
ships available for the purposes of British commerce, the
Government will adopt measures, and if necessary obtain
legislative power, to prevent British ships from carrying
cargoes of foodstuffs and other materials to any ports in
Europe except those of the United Kingdom or the Allied
Powers unless by special permits from the Board of Trade,
such permits to be issued only in cases where satisfactory
guarantees are forthcoming that the goods carried to neutral
ports are not destined for and will not reach enemy countries ?
MR. RUNCIMAN : My right hon. friend has asked me to
answer this question. I do not think that the adoption of
52

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the particular measures suggested in the question would
produce a satisfactory result, but the hon. baronet may rest
assured that all practicable steps are taken and will be taken
to prevent goods destined for enemy countries being carried
in British ships.

COURTS-MARTIAL (ROYAL NAVY)

COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the Admiralty ibid.
whether he will state the name and class of the fifteen ships
which were lost in twenty-five years of the last century,1 and i [See
in the case of which there were survivors, but no court-martial Naval 3,
was held ; and if he will state the date of the loss in each case, P- 358.]
together with the information as to whether the ships were
wrecked, sunk, burned, or captured ?

MR. CHURCHILL : The ships whose names are included in the
following list are mentioned in the return of ships lost other-
wise than in action from 1815 to 1840, dated 4th August 1891.
An exhaustive search made in the Record Office has failed to
disclose the minutes of any court-martial in their cases : —

Ships.

Date when Lost.

Sylph Sloop

January I7th, 1815 .

Wrecked.

Dominica

Schooner

August I5th, 1815

Wrecked.

Comus

November 4th, 1816 .

Wrecked.

Bermuda

Sloop

March, 1821

Foundered.

Confiance

Sloop

April 2ist, 1822

Totally lost.

Arab

Sloop

December I2th, 1823

Wrecked.

Delight

Sloop

February 23rd, 1824 •

Lost in cyclone.

Partridge

Sloop

November 27th, 1825

Stranded.

f Algerine

Sloop

January Qth, 1826 .

Upset in squall.

f Redwing

Sloop

1827 (date unknown)

Supposed foundered.

Acorn

Sloop .

April I4th, 1828

—

Contest

Gunboat

April I4th, 1828

;

Success

Frigate .

November 29th, 1829

Wrecked.

* Kangaroo

Surv. schooner

December i8th, 1829

Wrecked.

* Wolf

Sloop

March loth, 1830

Wrecked.

f Recruit

Brig .

1832 (date unknown)

Totally lost.

f Calypso

Packet .

1833 (date unknown)

Supposed foundered.

* Pike .

Schooner

1836

—

f Pincher

Schooner

March 6th, 1838

Capsized.

Rapid

Brig .

April I2th, 1838

Wrecked.

f Briseis

Packet .

1838 (date unknown)

Totally lost.

Tribune Sloop

November 28th, 1839

Wrecked.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

None of the above vessels were captured. Those marked f are
noted as ' known to have capsized or have never been heard
of/ In the case of those marked * the column in the return
headed ' Result of Court of Inquiry or of Court-martial '
contains a statement of a finding. This is consistent with
there having been a court-martial of which the minutes have
been lost, or with there having been, as suggested in the return,
a Court of Inquiry, but no court-martial. In the remaining
cases mentioned in the above list there is no reason for sup-
posing that there were no survivors. In the case of all the
other ships mentioned in the return dated 4th August 1891,
minutes of a court-martial were found.

ADMIRALTY COMMUNIQUES

House of Commons, March 8, 1915.

Hansard. LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

if arrangements will be made whereby Admiralty communiques
should be issued much earlier in the day, when possible, than
is at present the case, as, in consequence of the method of
publication now adopted, evening newspaper readers are
heavily handicapped ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The time at which it is possible to com-
municate news to the Press depends upon a large variety of
circumstances, including the time of receipt, the degree of
pressure of work in the Department, the necessity of awaiting
verification, and so on. It would be a mistake to suppose
that the times at which information is given out are decided
upon with a view to the convenience of any particular class of
paper.

COASTGUARD RATINGS

ibid. COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty whether promotion among the men in the Coast-
guard has been suspended since the list of promotions was
issued last August ; whether in other branches of the Navy
the promotions have been accelerated by the war ; and, if so,
whether he can see his way to mitigate the hardship inflicted
on deserving men who have passed their examinations for
promotion ?

DR. MACNAMARA : — Promotion amongst the Coastguard
54

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ratings serving ashore has been suspended since the begin-
ing of the war in the interests of those who are serving afloat,
in order that those on shore should not be promoted over
the heads of those who, without any option, have been em-
barked, and are thus outside the Coastguard organisations
and are serving under the Regulations for active service
ratings in the Fleet. Any acceleration occasioned by the
war in the advancement of ratings in the Fleet, applies tem-
porarily to the majority of the Coastguard who are serving
afloat ; but at the end of the war, Coastguard ratings advanced
in the Fleet will, on returning to the Coastguard service,
revert to their Coastguard rates, and the large number of
vacancies caused by the discharge of men retained beyond
the age limit, and of men wishing to take their pension, will
be filled by promotions from the Coastguard as a whole.

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS (PENSIONS AND
ALLOWANCES)

SIR CHARLES NICHOLSON asked the First Lord of the ibid.
Admiralty if his attention has been called to the fact that
widows of men who had declared an allotment in their favour
and who died while serving in His Majesty's ships between
the 4th August and 2ist September, are receiving pensions
only from the date of widowhood, whereas other widows are
receiving allotment plus separation allowance for six months
before drawing their pensions, the position of the earlier
widows being therefore considerably worse than that of
those whose husbands were lost on and after the 22nd Sep-
tember ; and whether steps will be taken to treat both classes
equally ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The question is under the considera-
tion of the Select Committee.

SIR CHARLES NICHOLSON asked the First Lord of the
Admiralty if he will give further consideration to the cases
of the widows of men lost in His Majesty's ship Good Hope,
who had not the same opportunities as other men of making
out allotments ; is he aware that a number of these men were
Reservists, who went off suddenly without having time to
make adequate provision for their wives ; and whether, in
these circumstances, arrangements will be made immediately

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to pay arrears of pay to dependants and to consider their
cases further in view of the fact that many widows have
drawn no money at all from the Admiralty from the 2nd
August until a few weeks since, when they received a small
portion of their pensions ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The matter is under the consideration
of the Select Committee.

NAVAL DISCIPLINE BILL

House of Commons, March 8, 1915.
Order for Second Reading read.

Motion made, and Question proposed, ' That the Bill be
now read a second time/

SIR F. BANBURY : I think we ought to have some explana-
tion of this Bill. The Government, no doubt, have some
reason for bringing it in, but it does seem to me a rather
extraordinary time to introduce a Bill which deals with the
discipline of the Navy. I was under the impression that
the discipline of the Navy was all that could be desired. If
it is not, and if it is necessary to amend the Naval Discipline
Bill, surely something of this^sort ought to have been done
before the war began. I am vglad that the right hon. gentle-
man (Mr. G. Lambert) is in his place, because it will give
me the opportunity of obtaining from him some of the reasons
why this Bill is introduced. I remember once we were told
that what the House of Commons suffered from was that we
had the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to
rule the night. It is now daytime, and I do not know why
we have not had the greater light to explain the Bill. But
I will ask the lesser light, if he will stay for a moment, a few
questions. I want to know why it is necessary to bring in
a Bill of this sort at the present moment, whether it is wise
to alter the discipline of the Navy during the war, and how
it is that in Clause i the penalty of death is done away with.
As I read the Bill, if there is a mutiny on the ship the death
penalty could not be inflicted. It is possible I have misread
the Bill, but, if I have not, it might be amended in Com-
mittee. It is a serious thing to alter the rules of discipline
in the Navy at the present time, and I think we ought to
have an explanation from the Government.
56

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

LORD C. BERESFORD : I should like to ask one or two
questions about this Bill. I do not think there is anything
much in it except for the First Clause, which says :

' A sentence of death shall not be passed on a person
subject to the Naval Discipline Act for striking, or with
any weapon attempting to strike, or drawing or lifting
up any weapon against, his superior officer, and accord-
ingly for Section 16 of that Act the following section shall
be substituted.'

The clause further says :

' Every person subject to this Act who shall strike or
attempt to strike, or draw or lift up any weapon against,
or use or attempt to use any violence against, his superior
officer, whether or not such superior officer is in the execu-
tion of his office, shall be punished with penal servitude
or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned/

If that threatening attitude of a junior officer to his superior
be accompanied by mutiny, I imagine that the Naval Disci-
pline Act holds as it was, and that the penalty of death
would still be enforced. But a man may lose his temper and
strike, or attempt to strike, an officer or a senior petty officer.
The death penalty for such an offence would be outrageous,
but if that action be accompanied by mutiny — which we
should all agree is the greatest possible offence you can have
on a ship — the whole sentiment of the Service would be
averse to having the penalty of death abrogated. I should,
therefore, like a clear exposition of the clause.

The ATTORNEY -GENERAL (Sm J. SIMON) : The noble
Lord will appreciate that my right hon. friend the Parlia-
mentary Secretary to the Admiralty (Dr. Macnamara) prefers
to explain the clauses of this Bill, and I do not want to take
upon myself that which he is prepared to do. Clause i, if
my recollection serves me rightly, provides that the penalty
pf death shall not attach to the offence of striking, or raising
a weapon for the purpose of striking. The phraseology is
familiar to those who know the Naval Code. As long as
there is the possibility of the penalty of death attaching to
an offence against naval discipline, it can only be dealt with
by the machinery of court-martial. It is quite impossible
for the officer commanding a ship to exercise disciplinary

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

punishment, or deal summarily with an offence which in-
volves that possible consequence. Of course, in a very grave
case, such as that of striking, which was directly associated
with mutiny, of course, a court-martial would be inevitable,
because mutiny is a more serious offence than striking. On
the other hand, if it be only some explicable, or mistaken,
action, then it is better not to make a court-martial, with
all its formalities, an absolute necessity, but to deal with
the offence summarily. That is the object of the clause.
I think the noble Lord will see that the clause, while it
maintains the traditions of good discipline in the Navy, on
the other hand adds considerably to the machinery which
he knows so well.

LORD C. BERESFORD : I understand exactly what the right
hon. and learned gentleman has said, and I think he sees my
point also. This ought to be put in the clause, as you may
have a very great amount of confusion at a moment of ex-
treme urgency and some lamentable occurrence, such as
mutiny through irritation, in which the penalty of death ought
never to be relaxed. It would appear that, under this clause,
under all circumstances the penalty for mutiny would be penal
servitude and not death. Jt should be made more clear,
unless indeed the Government are of opinion that the penalty
of death should be done away with altogether.

SIR J. SIMON : Oh, no.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Then it should be made more clear
in the clause.

THE PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
(DR. MACNAMARA) : The House will see that the Bill proposes
certain amendments of naval law which are recognised as
necessary and expedient as a result of war conditions. We
propose to take the opportunity afforded by this amending
Bill to make some further alterations, not necessarily the
result of war conditions, but which appear to be desirable as
a result of experience. I will state quite broadly the principles
on which we are altering the Act of 1866, and I will take care
to answer the question put by the noble Lord as to how far
the death penalty is relaxed.

LORD C. BERESFORD : When ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Now. Under Section 16 of the Act of
1866, the maximum penalty for striking, or with any weapon
58

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

attempting to strike or drawing or lifting up any weapon
against a superior officer in the execution of his office, is death.
As the noble Lord knows, that section deals with certain
other offences which are punishable with regard to the maxi-
mum sentence by penal servitude. The maximum penalty for
attempting to strike otherwise than with a weapon, or for
using or attempting to use violence against, an officer being in
the execution of his office is penal servitude. The maximum
penalty for striking or attempting to strike, or drawing or
lifting any weapon against, or using or attempting to use
violence against a superior officer, not being in the execution
of his office, is penal servitude. All this is provided for in
Section 16 of the Act of 1866. We propose to substitute
the following for Section 16 : —

The broad effect is that penal servitude will be the maximum
penalty in all cases contemplated by Section 16, and the death
penalty disappears. It has this other aspect to which I will
call attention : Death no longer being the maximum penalty,
it is open to the commanding officer to deal with the case
summarily, if in his judgment the circumstances justify, and
to award, as he can do under his proper authority, to three
months' imprisonment or detention. Of course, he can also
apply for a court-martial if he thinks the circumstances justify
it. The noble Lord will know that the gravity of striking cases
varies very considerably. The offence sometimes arises between
men very nearly related in rank who fall out on some small
point of difference of opinion and dispute. We desire to have
the power of discrimination as to the method of trial. We
desire to place it in the discretion of the commanding officer
to deal with such cases by summary jurisdiction ; otherwise,
of course, there must be a court-martial, and in any case the
maximum penalty is to be penal servitude. I gather the
noble Lord wants to know whether the death penalty will still
remain in any other part of the Naval Discipline Act, 1866.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Certainly it will remain as the maximum penalty for mutiny
or incitement to mutiny, for spying, for treacherously aiding
the enemy, for misconduct in the presence of the enemy, and
for desertion of post in the presence of the enemy. I think these
are all, but I am not quite sure, and, at any rate, in those cases
the death penalty will remain, as these offences are not affected
by this clause. I think I have made the object of this First
Clause perfectly clear, that in those cases mentioned, where the
death penalty has been the maximum penalty, it will no longer
be so, but penal servitude will be the maximum penalty for
all purposes arising under Section 16 now to be amended by
Clause i of this Bill.

As regards Clause 2 of the Bill, I wish to point out that,
under the existing law, the punishment for absence without
leave is limited to ten weeks' imprisonment or detention.
Undoubtedly that is sufficient in time of peace, but absence
without leave in time of war is a much more serious offence—
indeed, it is almost as serious as desertion — and therefore, in
Clause 2, we propose to amend Section 23 of the original Act
so as to make it possible, where it seems desirable, to impose a
maximum penalty of two years' imprisonment in war time
only.

Section 46 of the original Act sets out a number of places
other than those on the high seas in which men of the Fleet
may be assembled, and it enacts that all offences committed
in such places may be tried and punished under the Naval
Discipline Act, whether they are offences against common law
or against naval law. Clause 3 of this Bill adds to the list of
such places, the addition being necessary as a result of modern
developments in the work of the Fleet. The precise alteration
proposed is that we shall add to the list of places mentioned in
Section 46 of the original Act these words —

' or in any other premises held by or on behalf of the
Crown for naval or military purposes, or in any canteen
or other place frequented by seamen which may be pre-
scribed by the Admiralty/

Then we propose an addition to Section 46, to cover a situation
concerning which there has been some doubt — the taking
into custody, trial and punishment, by naval law, for an
offence against naval discipline, of a person after he has
60

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

actually left the Service. We propose to extend this proviso
by adding these words :

' That, except in cases of offences of mutiny or desertion,
proceedings under the Naval Discipline Act must be in-
stituted within three months after the person affected has
ceased to be a member of the Service/

We adopt this provision from Sub-section (i), Section 158,
of the Army Act. Section 56 of the original Act sets forth the
authorities having power to try offences, and it enacts that the
power vested by the section in an officer commanding a ship
may under certain circumstances devolve on others who may
be in command for the time being of detached parties. We
propose to amend Section 56 to cover all possible cases not
fully provided for in the original Act where devolution of
authority now appears necessary, and consequently we shall
amend Section 50, which sets forth the persons having power
to arrest offenders. These particular proposals are the
explanation of the necessity for Clauses 5 and 7 of the proposed
Bill. I come to the next point. Under the Act of 1866 there
are cases where imprisonment may be accompanied by subse-
quent dismissal from the Service, and there are cases where
imprisonment cannot be so accompanied. We propose to
add to Sub-section (7) of Section 53 of the original Act, which
reads, ' the punishment of imprisonment may be inflicted for
any term not exceeding two years/ these words —

' and may be accompanied with a sentence of dismissal

from His Majesty's Service/

Clause 6 therefore gives discretion in every case to accompany
imprisonment with dismissal. Take, for instance, a charge
of embezzlement. It is not now necessarily punishable by
dismissal from the Service. I think I am right in saying you
cannot accompany the punishment of two years' imprison-
ment for embezzlement with dismissal.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Except by court-martial.

DR. MACNAMARA : I am speaking of the punishment of
two years' imprisonment. We say that in every case there
shall be discretion to say that a sentence of imprisonment not
exceeding two years may be accompanied with a sentence of
dismissal from His Majesty's Service. That is the justification
for Clause 6.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : Does that mean that a man may be
dismissed without a court-martial on a sentence inflicted by a
commanding officer ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Yes, up to two years.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : Over two years or under two years ?
Is any officer to have power to sentence a man to two years'
imprisonment and to accompany that sentence with an order
of dismissal from the Service without a court-martial ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I think the summary jurisdiction of
an officer only goes up to three months' imprisonment, but
if a Court awards two years' imprisonment then we propose
it shall be in its discretion to accompany it with a sentence
of dismissal.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : You are now speaking of a court-
martial ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Yes.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : Then this applies only to sentences
by court-martial ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I think so, as at the present time the
summary jurisdiction does not go beyond three months.
But a court-martial may award up to two years' imprison-
ment for particular offences. It may not say now that the
men shall be dismissed from the Service, but we think it
desirable that in future it should have that power. I come
next to Clause 8. Here we have the necessity for an amend-
ment of the original Act which has been revealed by war
experience. Under Section 59 of the original Act a court-
martial must be held on board ship ; that is an established
rule from which there is no variation. We propose to add
these words —

' Unless the Admiralty or the officer who ordered the
court-martial in any particular case for reasons to be
recorded on the proceedings otherwise direct, in which
case the court-martial shall be held at such convenient
place on shore as the Admiralty or the officer who ordered
the court-martial may direct.'

The reason for that modification will be obvious. In war
time it may be necessary for a ship on which a court-martial
is being held to go to sea in the middle of the hearing, and
therefore that is an impracticable method of dealing with
62

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

these cases. Again, you may have to hold a court-martial
where for the moment there may not be a ship at all, and in
view of these possible disabilities we propose the addition
to Clause 8, which I have just read to the House.

MR. T. M. HEALY : Is that against the wish of the accused ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not know whether he would have
the power to appeal under any other regulation, but if I
were asked the question on the matter off-hand I should say
' Yes/

MR. T. M. HEALY : He might desire to be tried by his own
officer on his own ship.

DR. MACNAMARA : The Regulations will not give him
that power. As he has not got that power, we are taking
nothing away in that respect.

COMMANDER BELLAIRS : Are you taking power to try a
man by court-martial anywhere — in London, for instance ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The hon. Member will see the provi-
sion in the Bill is this —

' Unless the Admiralty or the officer who ordered the
court-martial in any particular case for reasons to be
recorded on the proceedings otherwise direct, in which
case the court-martial shall be held at some convenient
place on shore as the Admiralty or the officer who ordered
the court-martial may direct/

That is the proposal. I put that forward as very urgently
necessary, or it may be necessary as a result of experience.

SIR JOHN JARDINE : Will the ordering of the court-
martial to take place at any place on shore include the case
of foreign States ? For instance, supposing a ship is near
or at the coast of an allied State, can the Admiralty or the
officer commanding' order the court-martial to be held on
shore ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I am not sure, and I do not wish to
give any answer of which I am not quite sure. In Clause 9
we propose to insert a provision, the absence of which has
caused trouble. We propose to adopt the practice already
in vogue in the Army under Section 163 (i) (d) of the Army
Act. We propose to take power to produce the Navy List
or the Gazette, as evidence of the status and rank of an officer,
and to make these documents legal evidence. Section 73

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY -NAVAL

of the original Act provides that where a sentence has been
passed by court-martial and the offender is serving it, a
second court-martial can impose punishment to commence
at the expiration of the previous sentence ; but if the offender
is undergoing sentence as the result of summary punishment,
then the court-martial cannot impose a sentence until the
end of the summary punishment.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Are there to be two courts-martial ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not say that. If the offender is
undergoing punishment for one court-martial, the next
court-martial can make the sentence commence at the end
of the first ; but if he is undergoing punishment awarded by
the summary jurisdiction, the court-martial sentence must
begin after the end of that punishment.

LORD C. BERESFORD made an observation which was
inaudible in the Reporters' Gallery.

DR. MACNAMARA : Certainly. In any case the sentence
of court-martial could not begin if the offender is undergoing
summary punishment. It would have to begin at the moment,
whether he serves the whole of the summary punishment or
not. We propose to take power, in regard to persons already
undergoing summary punishment, that if a court-martial is
then held for some other offence the court-martial punish-
ment may commence at the close of the sentence of summary
punishment. We propose to take that power by substitut-
ing the words * under this Act ' for the words ' by court-
martial ' in the original Act. Let me explain the reason for
that. Supposing you have a man in detention barracks
for an offence for which he has been punished by summary
jurisdiction, and supposing that, while there, he commits
an offence by striking a superior officer, he is court-martialled
and under the existing law his punishment by court-martial
would have to commence at once. We think it might be
desirable to let him finish in that case the punishment in-
flicted by the summary jurisdiction and commence the court-
martial punishment at the end of it.

LORD C. BERESFORD : It is only three months.

DR. MACNAMARA : I know, but we think it better he should
finish the punishment and then commence the punishment
inflicted by the court-martial. That is the reason for the
alteration of the words ' by a court-martial ' into ' under this
64

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Act/ Clause n makes an interesting proposal which will
specially commend itself to everybody. We propose to take
power to enable the coming into operation of a sentence to
be suspended until the order of committal is issued. That
will be effected by the words in Clause n : —

' The case may at any time and shall, at intervals of
not less than three months, be reconsidered "by the Admir-
alty or committing authority, and if on such recon-
sideration it appears to the Admiralty or committing
authority that the conduct of the offender since his
conviction has been such as to justify a remission of the
sentence, the Admiralty or the committing authority
shall remit the whole or any part of it.'

That power will be valuable in the case of good men who,
perhaps after a time of great strain, have done something
very wrong for the first time in their career. It introduces
a kind of probation into the service, which will be of great
value in enabling a man to regain his character if by his
subsequent good conduct he wipes out the offence for which
he has been sentenced. It would also have another effect,
although I hope, believe and trust that this will not often
arise. If such case arose, it would enable the awarding
officer to deal effectively with a man who may conceivably
commit an offence and thus secure detention or imprison-
ment with a view to escaping from distasteful duty. The
provision will have a twofold effect. It will enable an order
to be made suspending the sentence until the man has per-
formed the distasteful duty, although I believe the most
likely application of it will be to enable a man to restore his
character. The new proposal deals also with the possible
case of the imposition of a new sentence during the time the
actual operation of the previous sentence was in suspense.
Clause 12 deals with the change of the place of confinement
of a prisoner. Under Section 75 of the original Act of 1866,
it is for the Admiralty or the Commander-in-Chief on a
foreign station to make an order in writing if any change is
sought to be made in the place of confinement of any offender
in prison or sentenced to be in prison, or detained under the
Naval Discipline Act . The necessity of obtaining the approval
of the Admiralty at home or the Commander-in-Chief of a

NAVAL 4 E 65

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

foreign station may involve undesirable delay, so we propose
to add to the original Act in Section 75 the words empowering
also ' the Senior Naval Officer present ' to exercise the power
which the original Act gives.

LORD C. BERESFORD made an observation which was
inaudible in the Reporters' Gallery.

DR. MACNAMARA : No, I think the Commander-in-Chief
at a foreign station will have the only power to determine
that. We do not affect his jurisdiction. Under Clause 13
of the Bill we propose to add to Section 90 of the original Act
a provision affecting both the Army and the Navy, so that
when bodies belonging to either of the Forces are serving with
or attached to the other Force, they may be properly subject
to the disciplinary control of the senior officer, irrespective
of the Force to which he may belong. At present an officer
in one Force is not a superior officer within the meaning of the
Naval Discipline Act as regards members of the other Force
of a lower rank than himself. Under Clause 13 regulations
will be framed which will define the conditions in which such
power may properly be exercised. Here we are adopting a
new provision similar in character to one which has already
been added to the Army (Annual) Bill for the purposes of the
Army. Section 90 of the original Act makes provision re-
specting hired ships in His Majesty's service in time of war,
and invests the commanding officer of every such hired vessel
with the powers which an officer commanding has, in the
matter of naval discipline, in respect of the members of the
crew of the ship he commands. Under Section 90 of the ori-
ginal Act, if it should arise that a hired ship in His Majesty's
service in time of war went to sea, and a deserter, for instance,
was left behind, no provision is clearly made for the punish-
ment of such a person. He has signed on for a particular
ship, whereas the naval rating agrees to serve in His Majesty's
Navy. The distinction between the two terms of service
would create, and possibly has created, a difficulty in the sort
of case I have suggested. In the case of the deserter belonging
to the hired ship his commanding officer has gone, and there
is no jurisdiction for bringing him to trial. We propose,
therefore, that in the absence of the officer commanding the
hired ship, the offender may be dealt with by the officer com-
manding the ship or vessel, or station, in which he may, for
66

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the time being, be held in custody. I am sorry to nave to go
into such detail, but I think the subject demands it. I have
stated fully the consequences of the clauses in this Bill and
their full purpose. The Bill makes an interesting rectification
which I have to state to the House. Under the Statute Law
Revision Act, 1893, the Preamble to the Naval Discipline
Act, 1866, was struck out. These words have been used as a
Preamble to every Naval Discipline Act since 1661. These are
the words : —

' Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to
the government of the Navy, whereon, under the good
Providence of God, the wealth, safety and strength of the
Kingdom chiefly depend/

then follow the words,
' be it enacted/

and so on. Those words were proposed to be struck out and I
have no doubt were struck out, literally and legally, by the
Statute Law Revision Act, 1893. Notwithstanding that
fact, I have to stand here and say that that Preamble has ever
since appeared in the Naval Discipline Act. Clause 15 of this
Bill proposes to give due and proper authority for the retention
of those words. Clause 15 further gives due and proper
authority for the continuance in Section 86 of the original Act
of the definition of the terms ' Admiralty ' and * Lord of the
Admiralty/ which definition, curiously enough, was similarly
struck out by the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, but which
definition, singularly enough, has continued to appear in print
ever since. We now propose in the Bill before the House to
give proper authority for its retention.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : I am quite certain that every one
who values the history and traditions of the Navy will welcome
the announcement that the famous and moving Preamble
used in every old Naval Discipline Act is to be restored by
this Bill to its proper position. As regards the general
question, I would like to make one observation. There is a
tendency on the part of His Majesty's Government to use too
freely the indulgence which the House is anxious to give to
them in these difficult times. It was a misfortune for the
House, and especially for those Members who have already
spoken, that they were obliged] to intervene before there had

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

been any statement from the Minister as to what this Bill was
about or what the meaning of these clauses was. The right
hon. gentleman very courteously offered his apology to the
House. He had been taken by surprise by the rapidity with
which business had passed, and he made a very full and frank
statement the moment he was ready to rise. I suggest to him
that in a Bill of this character, under present circumstances,
there is more than usual reason for following a not unusual
practice and prefacing to the Bill a memorandum explaining
its provisions. The statement which the right hon. gentleman
has just made is just that class of statement which, in ordinary
times, Ministers, in order to suit their own convenience and
to save their own time, put into a memorandum and not into a
speech, and the fact that the House is treating Ministers with
exceptional indulgence under present circumstances is not a
reason for Ministers failing to supply the House with the in-
formation they can in the way that is most convenient to the
House. I hope the right hon. gentleman and his colleagues
will receive that very gentle and mild protest in the spirit in
which it is made, and, if they have occasion to introduce
legislation of this kind, will circulate a memorandum with the
Bill which will give the House an explanation which the Bill
itself does not afford.

On one or two specific points raised by the right hon.
gentleman I should like to make some observations. First
in regard to Clause i, which amends Section 16 of the previous
Act. Section 16 of the original Act is one of a series of seven
sections grouped together, and my hon. friend (Sir F. Banbury)
and my noble friend (Lord C. Beresford) feared that Clause i
applied not merely to Section 16, but to Section 10, the first
of the sections of the original Act so grouped under a single
heading. The right hon. gentleman has made it quite clear
that that is not the intention of the Board of Admiralty. I
hope he will satisfy himself before he proceeds with the Bill
in Committee that he has done nothing in the new Bill to alter
Section 10. I speak as a layman and subject to correction on
points of drafting, but I think it would be worth while that
Clause i should be especially stated as modifying Section 16 and
having no reference to the other sections of the original Act.

DR. MACNAMARA : That is our view, but the point is a very
good one.
68

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : It will be satisfactory if that is done.
Then I. turn to Clause 3, which is intended, as explained by
the right hon. gentleman, to extend the provisions of the
original Act which relate to offences committed on board ship
and in other places over which the Admiralty has jurisdiction
to places of a type not described or covered in the original Act,
but in which the Admiralty now has jurisdiction.

DR. MACNAMARA : Sailors congregate there, but we have
not the jurisdiction without altering the Naval Discipline Act
which we have in respect to places already mentioned in the
Act.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : I quite understand their desiring to
take this power in respect of other premises held by or on
behalf of the Crown for naval or military purposes, or in any
canteen. But then you go on to say, ' or other place fre-
quented by seamen/ Those are extremely wide words. I
do not know what they are intended to cover, but they would
apply to the whole City of London.

DR. MACNAMARA : Take a Royal Naval air station.

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : Does not that show that this Bill
requires very careful consideration in Committee, and that
there is at least a possibility that the Admiralty are doing a
great deal more than they are prepared to defend, and, I
hope, a great deal more than they intended ? A Naval air
station would be a place under the jurisdiction of the Ad-
miralty, and it would be premises held by or on behalf of the
Crown. But do they mean to apply these words to any
public-house in London where seamen who are in London
happen to be ? Do they mean to apply them to any street in
London where a group of seamen may happen to be ? The
words are so wide that I think the right hon. gentleman must
give us a much more exact definition of what I believe the
Admiralty want, and what I think they are entitled to ask,
than is given in the words as they are here. The one illustra-
tion which the right hon. gentleman has given is one on which
every one will agree. The words are so wide that wherever you
find half a dozen sailors, if there was no naval establishment in
the neighbourhood, I believe they would cover that case, and I
think that is more than the Admiralty ought to have, and I
believe it is more than they have any intention of demanding.

I would make one other observation on Clauses 8 and 9.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The right hon. gentleman said this Bill was not absolutely
strictly limited to the new needs arising out of the war, but
was in part intended for subsequent regulation of the Navy
during times of peace. I am not quite certain how far he
includes Clauses 8 and 9 under the one or the other category.
He suggests, in regard to Clause 8, the difficulty of holding
courts-martial on board ship in time of war, but it seems
rather odd that we should legislate in Clause 8 about courts-
martial, and in Clause 9 about the Navy, at the very moment
when the Government have abandoned the uniform practice
of the Service of holding courts-martial, and have abandoned
the publication of the Navy List. The action of the Admir-
alty in legislation and in administration does not seem quite
consistent, and I should have thought the right hon. gentle-
man, since he neither publishes a Navy List nor will hold
courts-martial, might leave Clauses 8 and 9 to be considered
at leisure when perhaps the Board will once again give us a
Navy List and resume the practice of holding courts-martial.
MR. T. M. HEALY : I desire, without in any way criti-
cising the Bill itself, to ask a few questions from the draft-
ing and legal point of view. I think the measure as a whole
is satisfactory, but there are one or two questions I wish to
ask. The Government pfoposes to re-enact the words of
the Act of 1893, which I am wholly in sympathy with ; but
I wish to ask for general information whether this Bill has
been drafted by the ordinary draftsmen of the Government
or by some special person connected with the Admiralty.
There is a clause in every Statute Law Revision Bill which
provides that, notwithstanding repeal, Acts shall still remain
in force as if they never had been repealed, unless in a given
eventuality. It is plainly the opinion of the lawyers of
successive Governments who have been advising the House
that the repeal of the Act of 1892 had no eifect, because not-
withstanding the repeal they had used the Preamble in every
subsequent Naval Discipline Act. Why, then, twenty years
after, should we suddenly discover that this repeal has actually
taken place ? I have known the Courts to hold, notwith-
standing formal repeal in the Statute Law Revision Act,
that in fact the repealed section was still in full operation.
Therefore I feel that this question is one of great nicety, and
it is not merely for the purpose of criticising this Bill that
70

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

I raise this point, but only by reference to the fact that if
you once re-enact this provision every lawyer will say the
Navy has found it necessary to re-enact this provision and
that the repeal had come into effect notwithstanding that
the Preamble had been used in every successive annual
Statute. It is only because of the general effect of this
proposed repeal that I make this criticism.

Here is another observation of the same kind. There is
remarkable provision in Clause 16, Sub-section (2), which I
think, perhaps claiming some small experience of watching
Acts of Parliament, is novel.

' A copy of the Naval Discipline Act, with every such
enactment, would be inserted in the place so assigned and
with the omission of any portion of that Act directed by
the Schedule to this Act to be omitted from that Act, and
with the substitution of references to His Majesty for
references to Her Majesty shall be prepared and certified
by the Clerk of the Parliaments and deposited with the
Rolls of Parliament, and His Majesty's printers shall
print in accordance with the copy so certified all copies
of the Naval Discipline Act which are printed after the
commencement of this Act/

I am not clear that certain portions of that order are
necessary, because if you look at the Interpretation Act you
will find that the demise of the Crown is provided for, and
surely it is no more necessary in a Naval Act to provide for
the case of ' His ' for ' Her ' in the case of the demise of the
Crown than in the case of any other Act, and therefore I
suggest that unless there is some special reason connected
with the Navy, this provision is wholly unnecessary. But
what is the necessity for the provision in regard to the King's
printers ? This constantly arises in connection with the
Army Bill. Year after year the new Act is brought into
force by the same system of draftsmanship which is, I take
it, in existence in connection with the Army Act, but has
any one ever seen the provision that the Clerk of the Parlia-
ments shall deposit a certified copy with the Rolls of Parlia-
ment ? Is not this an entire novelty in procedure in con-
nection with the Acts of Parliament, and if it be a novelty
what is the necessity for it ? I quite grant that the Govern-

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ment have, in connection with this war, to do a vast number
of things for which changes are desirable which are neces-
sitated as cases arise, but in the technique of the printing of
Acts of Parliament the war has not created any change, and
it has not created any change in regard to the printing of
Bills and the Rolls of Parliament. Unless some precedent
or some special necessity can be cited, I shall enter my protest
as a humble student of Statutes against any provision of
this kind.

As regards courts-martial, from what the right hon.
gentleman has said there is no change whatever made as
regards the status of prisoners in the Third Clause of the Bill.
I think it is a mere matter of convenience in providing as
to the places where courts-martial may be held. While that
is so, I would suggest that, as a rule, everybody thinks of
the accuser, and of the convenience of the Department, but
there are few to speak on behalf of prisoners and accused
persons. It is therefore all the more necessary in time of
war, when you will not allow wages to be paid under certain
circumstances in public-houses, to provide that you shall
not appear to degrade the administration of justice by bring-
ing a sailor suddenly into a certain place because there is no
other place where he can be tried. I do not object if it
becomes an absolute necessity, and if strong necessity can
be shown, but I think that in the case of such a grave and
reverend assembly as a court-martial it is far better that it
should continue to proceed in a place, I will not say of more
respectability, but of more orderliness of character. If you
once lay down that a court-martial may meet in a canteen, or
other rough and ready place of that kind—

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : I would ask the hon. and learned
gentleman to look at the clause. I do not understand Clause
3 to deal with places where a court-martial may be held,
but rather to deal with the offences which are punishable
under the Act.

MR. HEALY : If that is so, of course my observation falls
to the ground, and I am obliged to the right hon. gentleman.
I simply rose to refer to a drafting point, and I trust that
the Government will give it consideration before next
stage.

Question put, and agreed to.
72

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NAVAL MARRIAGES BILL

House of Commons, March 8, 1915.

Order for Second Reading read. Hansard.

Motion made, and Question proposed, 'That the Bill be
now read a second time/

MR. GEORGE LAMBERT (CiviL LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY) :
This is a Bill which has been rendered necessary by the war,
and its duration, I may say, is limited to the duration of the
war. At the present time the banns for naval marriages are
published on board ship, and the marriage therefore just
takes place in a parish where a marriage can be solemnised.
While the fleets are at sea men cannot be spared so long as
to go down to some parish in the country, and therefore the
proposal of this Bill is that a marriage may take place in
any legal place where marriages may be solemnised in the
United Kingdom — that is to say, if the Fleet may be coming
into Hull or some other port sailors may go there to be married.
In other words, if Jack cannot go to Jill, Jill may come to
Jack, and if the formalities have been duly complied with
the marriage may be solemnised in any place of worship
licensed for that purpose. There is another provision in
the Bill — the extension of the time for the validity of banns.
Now a marriage must be solemnised within three months of
the publication of the banns. Sometimes sailors cannot get
away for that time. We propose in this Bill that the period
over which the banns may remain valid should be twelve
months instead of three. This is a war emergency Bill,
and I hope the House will give it a Second Reading.

Question put, and agreed to.

AIR ATTACK ON OSTEND

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — March 9,

Wing-Commander Longmore reports that an air attack on
Ostend was carried out yesterday afternoon by six aeroplanes
of the Naval Wing. Of these, two had to return owing to
the petrol freezing.

The remainder reached Ostend, and dropped eleven bombs

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

on the submarine repair base and four bombs on the Kursaal,
the headquarters of the military.

All machines and pilots returned.

It is probable that considerable damage was done. No
submarines were seen in the basin.

The attack was carried out in a fresh N.N.W. wind.

THE CASE OF THE S.S. PAKLAT

We have received through the Press Bureau copies of
communications which have passed between the Foreign
Office and the United States Ambassador in London on the
subject of the seizure of the German steamer Paklat, which
was arrested by British warships last autumn while conveying
German refugees from-Tsing-tau to Tientsin.

The German communication took the form of a Note
Verbale forwarded through the United States Embassies in
Berlin and London, and dated Berlin, March 8 (1915).

' Before the siege of Tsing-tau was started, the German
steamer Paklat had been ordered by the Governor of Tsing-tau
to transport the women and children from there to Tientsin.
The steamer was given a certificate by the Governor as to
the purpose of her trip, and -she was carrying the white flag.
None the less, she was stopped during her voyage by British
men-of-war and was brought to Wei-hai-wei. At the latter
place, the women and children had to embark on a small
freight steamer, while the steamer Paklat was taken to Hong-
Kong, where the Prize Court there has pronounced her
confiscation.4'"

* This procedure against the ship involves a serious viola-
tion of the international law, according to which vessels
entrusted with humanitarian missions are exempt from
seizure by hostile marine forces (see also Article 4 of the
Eleventh Convention of The Hague concerning certain
restrictions in the exercise of the right of capture in maritime
war, of October 18, 1907).!

* [The Paklat was condemned by the Prize Court at Hong-Kong on
April 22, 1915.]

t [The terms of this Article are as follows : — Vessels employed on re-
ligious, scientific, or philanthropic missions are likewise exempt from
capture.]

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

' The German Government energetically protest against
the violation of this rule of international law which is in the
interest of humane warfare, and ask the speedy release of
the steamer Paklat.

' It would be grateful to the American Embassy if the
latter would cause the foregoing to be brought to the attention
of the British Government/

Sir Edward Grey replied on March 30, through Mr. Page,
the American Ambassador in London, as follows : —

' I duly received the Note which you were good enough
to address to me on the i8th instant, transmitting a Note
Verbale from the German Government, in which they protest
against the seizure and condemnation of the German S.S.
Paklat, as being in contravention of Article 4 of Convention
No. XL, signed at The Hague in 1907.

' So far as His Majesty's Governmental^ aware, judgment
on the vessel has not yet been pronounced by the British
Prize Court at Hong- Kong, before which she was brought for
adjudication on the 2nd December last. The further hear-
ing of the case was then adjourned on the application of the
owners of the ship, in order to permit of a full consideration
of their contention that she was exempt from condemnation
in virtue of the provisions of the Convention quoted above.

' His Majesty's Government are of opinion that the ship
is liable to condemnation, since Article 4 of the Convention
to which the German Government refer does not apply to
cases such as that now under consideration. This appears
to be made clear by the extract from the Report on the
labours of the Fourth Commission (sub- Annexe 10 to Protocol
of Seventh Plenary meeting), of which I have the honour to
enclose a copy. In the view of His Majesty's Government
the conveyance of women and children from a fortress which
was about to be besieged (an action which would have the
effect of increasing the power of resistance of the fortress)
cannot be regarded as a philanthropic mission within the
meaning of the Article ; and it would indeed appear that the
Paklat might more properly be considered as being employed
on a service connected with the operations of war, which
would, as the Report points out, be sufficient to deprive a
vessel of any privileges which she might otherwise be entitled
to under the Article in question. The question whether the

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ship is exempt from condemnation in virtue of these provisions
is, however, essentially one for the Prize Court to determine
after due consideration of the circumstances of the case.

' I must confess that I have received the protest of the
German Government in this case with considerable astonish-
ment. It will be within your Excellency's recollection that
1 [See the French vessel Amiral Ganteaume,1 which was conveying
Naval i, refugees to England, was torpedoed by a German submarine
PP- 344-5-] in the English Channel some months ago. No opportunity
was given to the passengers to escape in the ship's boats,
and it was not owing to any act of the commander of the
submarine that the lives of all on board were not lost.

' I cannot refrain from calling your Excellency's attention
to the difference in the treatment accorded to these two
vessels. The Paklat was taken into a British port and the
refugees on board forwarded to their destination, the vessel
being brought for adjudication before a British Prize Court,
where the owners are being afforded every opportunity of
putting forward their claim to exemption from condemna-
tion ; the Amiral Ganteaume was torpedoed at sight without
any regard to the laws of war or the dictates of humanity.

' In view of the protest of the German Government, their
contention would appear to b"e that they are entitled to sink
without notice a French merchant ship carrying refugees and
at the same time to protest against the validity of the capture
of a German ship engaged on a similar errand being investi-
gated and decided by a Prize Court. I am content to leave
this contention without further comment/

The following is a translation of the French text of the
extract from the Second Hague Convention, in interpretation
of Article 4, appended to Sir Edward Grey's reply : —

' The terms of this article, which originated in a motion by
the Italian delegates, are in conformity with the usage for
which the La Perouse Expedition furnishes one of the best-
known precedents. The consecration of the principle of
immunity could not give rise to any objections, and was
adopted unanimously. It did not appear necessary to state
afresh in the text the conditions upon which enjoyment of
this immunity depends. It is clear that this favour is granted
only on condition of non-participation in operations of the
war ; in order to avoid all difficulties the State whose flag
76

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

is flown by the ship in question will have to abstain from
implicating it in any service of a warlike nature. The favour
granted to the vessel confers upon it 'a sort of neutral char-
acter, which continues until the end of hostilities, and debars
it from changing its destination/

NOTICES TO MARINERS

(No. 164 of the year 1915)

NORTH SEA, RIVER THAMES, AND ENGLISH CHANNEL

(Information with regard to Lights, Light Vessels, and Pilotage)

Former Notice (No. 1823 of 1914 *) hereby cancelled

I. A light-vessel with * No. 9' painted on the sides and L.G.,
showing a Gp. Fl, (4) white light is moored off Beachy Head March 9.
in latitude 50° 39' 25" North, longitude o° 09' 20" East. This I9I5<
vessel will be withdrawn as soon as possible without further
notice. With the above exception, the main coast lights

and fog-signals on the English coast between Selsea Bill
and Deal are now in the same condition as they were previous
to the outbreak of the war.

II. The following Orders as to Compulsory Pilotage
between the Downs and Great Yarmouth made under the
Defence of the Realm (Consolidation) Regulations, 1914, will
come into operation at 6 A.M. on the loth March 1915.

1. All ships (other than British ships of less than
500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise and not
carrying passengers) whilst bound from, and whilst navi-
gating in the waters from the Downs Pilot Station to
Gravesend or vice versa, must be conducted by pilots
licensed by the London Trinity House.

2. All ships (other than British ships of less than
500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise and not
carrying passengers) whilst bound from, and whilst
navigating in the waters from the Downs Pilot Station
to Great Yarmouth or vice versa, must be conducted by
pilots licensed by the London Trinity House.

3. All ships (other than British ships of less than

* [This notice will be found in Naval 2, p. 419, but its number ' 1823 of
1914 was there inadvertently omitted.]

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

3500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise and when
not carrying passengers) whilst bound from, and whilst
navigating in the waters from Gravesend to Great Yar-
mouth or vice versa, must be conducted by pilots licensed
by the London Trinity House.

4. All ships (other than British ships of less than
3500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise and
when not carrying passengers) whilst navigating in the
waters from Gravesend to London Bridge or vice versa,
must be conducted by pilots licensed by the London
Trinity House.

5. The Trinity House Pilot Station at Dungeness
having been discontinued, pilotage is therefore not com-
pulsory between the Downs Pilot Station and Dungeness,
except for ships bound into or out of the Harbours of
Dover and Folkestone.

III. By 6 A.M. on the loth March 1915, Trinity House
Pilot Stations will be established at the under-mentioned
places, and merchant vessels not under compulsion of pilotage
are very strongly advised to take pilots :—

(a) The Downs, where ships proceeding north can

obtain pilots capable of piloting as far as Great Yarmouth ;

and also pilots for the River Thames, and for Folkestone

and Dover harbours. The pilot steamers attached to the

Downs Station will cruise in the vicinity of a position

two miles south-east of Deal Pier.

(6) Great Yarmouth, where ships from the North Sea

bound for the River Thames or the English Channel can

obtain pilots capable of piloting as far as the Downs.
The pilot steamer attached to the Great Yarmouth

Station will cruise between the Corton Light-vessel and

the South Scroby Buoy.

(c) The Sunk Light-vessel, where ships crossing the
North Sea between the parallels of 51° 40' and 51° 54'
North latitude, but no others, can obtain pilots for the
River Thames and the Downs.

(d) Pilots can also be obtained at London and Har-
wich for the Downs and Great Yarmouth (including the
River Thames and approaches).

Note.— The pilot stations at Dover and St. Helens (I.W.)
will be discontinued on the same date.
78

;] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The pilots referred to in this Notice are the pilots
licensed by the London Trinity House and no others.
IV. RIVER THAMES. — All traffic into and out of the river
Thames must pass through the Edinburgh Channels, or
through the Black Deep south of the Knock John and Knob
Light buoys, and through the Oaze Deep, until further notice.
No vessels are to remain under way in the above-men-
tioned Channels inside the Sunk Head Light-buoy, or within
a line joining the positions of the South Long Sand and East
Shingles buoys, between the hours of 10 P.M. and 4 A.M.

Vessels at anchor within these limits must not exhibit any
lights between the hours of 10 P.M. and 4 A.M.
All other Channels are closed to navigation.
Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, 8th March 1915.

(No. 165 of the year 1915)
ENGLAND — EAST COAST
River H umber — Pilotage

Former Notice (No. 108 of 1915) 1 hereby cancelled

Mariners are hereby warned that, under the Defence of L.G.,
the Realm (Consolidation) Regulations, 1914, the following March 12,
instructions respecting Pilotage of the River Humber are now I9I5-
in force : — * \.See

Until further notice, the outer pilot station of the Humber a™ ? '
Pilotage District will be in the neighbourhood of the Bull
Light-vessel.

All vessels proceeding into or out of the Humber must be
navigated by way of Hawke and Sunk roads, passing to the
northward of the Bull Light-vessel.

All vessels, irrespective of draught, size and nationality,
bound to or from any place above Grimsby must be conducted
by licensed pilots over the whole or any part of the waters
between Hull and the Outer Pilot Station.

In .the cases of British vessels employed in the Coasting

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Trade of the United Kingdom, of British fishing vessels, and
of British vessels of less than six feet draught of water, if
bound between Grimsby and the sea, pilotage by licensed
pilots will not be insisted upon.

During the hours of official night, and during fog, no
vessel should enter or remain within a radius of 5 miles from
the Spurn Light-vessel.

A vessel should not approach the Humber unless there is
sufficient time available to enable such vessel to obtain a
pilot, if one is necessary, and to proceed to her destination or
to a position in which she is permitted to anchor, before the
commencement of official night.

No vessel should anchor whilst awaiting a pilot.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, Sth March 1915.

AMERICAN COTTON CARGOES

•s-

Washington, March 8.

In order to meet the temporary conditions arising out of
the fact that certain Americans have already contracted for
delivery of American cottons in neutral countries in Northern
Europe, Sir Cecil Spring Rice has made a statement to the
effect that, ' while there is no question of the confiscation of
cotton cargoes that may come within the scope of the Order
in Council to be issued, the following arrangement has been
arrived at in London as to cotton consigned to neutral ports :

' (i) All cotton for which contracts for sale and freight
engagements were already made before March 2 will be
allowed free passage (or bought at contract price if stopped)
provided that the ships sail not later than March 31.

' (2) Similar treatment will be accorded to all cotton
insured before March 2, provided it is put on board not later
than March 16.

' (3) All shipments of cotton claiming the above protection
to be declared before sailing, and documents are to be handed
80

•

i] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to, and certificates obtained from, Consular officers and other
authorities fixed by the Governments. Ship cargoes con-
signed to enemy ports will not be allowed to proceed/

Regarding the last sentence it is explained that where
shipment was made before the announcement of the British
intention to stop all supplies for Germany, the cotton cargo
will be taken by Great Britain at invoice value. — Renter.

BRITISH SHIPS (TRANSFER RESTRICTION) BILL

House of Lords, March 9, 1915.

Order of the Day for the Second Reading read. Hansard.

The UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES (LORD
ISLINGTON) : My Lords, the short Bill to which I ask your
Lordships to give your approval this evening is an emergency
measure and is to have effect only during the continuance of
the war, the object of the Bill being to make quite clear that
no British ship may be transferred from the British Register to
a foreign flag without the consent of the Government. During
the periods of peace ships can be sold to foreigners like any
other commodity, and are merely regarded as being removed
from the British Register and transferred to that foreign
country. But it has been brought home more and more as
the war proceeds that it is necessary to exercise a very strict
control on the transfer of British ships to any foreign flag.
We do not want, by allowing transfer to a neutral flag, either
directly or indirectly to offer advantage to our enemies.

This Bill is merely an extension of an Act already in force
which was passed some months ago to prohibit the export
from the United Kingdom of any British ship. It is an
extension because it not only prohibits the transfer of a
British ship from any port in the United Kingdom but also
from any abroad, except subject to the consent of the Govern-
ment ; and when it is in operation instructions will be given
to our Consuls in those foreign ports to see that it is strictly
enforced. Anybody who attempts to transfer without such
consent will be subject, as may be seen in a clause in the
Bill, to a severe penalty. By the schedule, British India
and our Dominions are excluded from the Bill, but concurrent
legislation is being passed to the same effect in each of those
parts of the world. The Bill is necessary to make the legal

NAVAL 4 F 8 1

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

position quite clear. It will have but little effect in practice,
because the Board of Trade last December issued a notice
to all owners inviting them to state whether they had in
contemplation the sale of any ships, and the Board of Trade
found that owners have been most willing to recognise the
necessity during the war of a strict restriction of transfer.
Therefore very little trouble has ensued. Speaking generally,
I may say in regard to this Bill that no hardship will fall on
the shoulders of a British shipowner during the continuance
of the war by this restriction. The Bill has already passed
through all its stages without amendment in another place,
and with, indeed, little discussion ; and I would ask your
Lordships not only to give it a second reading this evening
but to allow it to pass through its other stages.

Moved, That the Bill be now read 20. — (Lord Islington.)

On Question, Bill read 20, .

Committee negatived : Then (Standing Order No. XXXIX
having been suspended) Bill read 30 and passed.

INTERNATIONAL LAW

House of Commons, March 9, 1915.

Hansard. SIR WILLIAM BULL asked the Prime Minister (i), in view

of the fact that, because of the absence of common and
universal agreement thereto, neither the Declaration of Paris,
1856, nor The Hague Conventions, 1907, nor the Declaration
of London, 1909, have become part of the Law of Nations, do
His Majesty's Government propose to repudiate and to with-
draw from all obligation to be bound by those instruments ;
and (2) having regard to the fact that the second article of the
Declaration of Paris of 1856 declares that the neutral flag
covers enemy's merchandise with the exception of contraband
of war, and that His Majesty's Government nevertheless
propose to detain and take into port neutral ships carrying
enemy goods, and therefore in effect repudiate that article of
the Declaration of Paris, whether His Majesty's Government
propose to denounce and repudiate the Declaration itself ?

THE PRIME MINISTER : The answer to these questions is
in the negative. All that is necessary to be done in order to

i carry out the decision recently announced will be effected by

is! 1 an Order m Council which is about to be issued.1
82

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NAVAL DISCIPLINE BILL

Considered in Committee.

[MR. MACLEAN in the chair.]
CLAUSE i. — (Punishment for Striking, etc., Superior Officer)

A sentence of death shall not be passed on a person subject ibid
to the Naval Discipline Act for striking, or with any weapon
attempting to strike, or drawing or lifting up any weapon
against, his superior officer, and accordingly for Section 16
of that Act the following section shall be substituted : —

' Every person subject to this Act who shall strike or
attempt to strike, or draw or lift up any weapon against,
or use or attempt to use any violence against, his superior
officer, whether or not such superior officer is in the
execution of his office, shall be punished with penal servitude
or such other punishment as is hereinafter mentioned/

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR.
MACNAMARA) : I think it is due to the Committee to explain
precisely what the scope of this clause is. I endeavoured
to explain yesterday that it relates to Section 16 of the original
Act only. That section provides that the maximum penalty
for striking or attempting to strike a superior officer with a
weapon when engaged in the execution of his office is death,
and that the maximum penalty is penal servitude for striking
or attempting to strike otherwise than with a weapon, or for
using or attempting to use violence against a superior officer
in the execution of his office, and that penal servitude is
the maximum penalty for striking or attempting to strike
without a weapon, or using or attempting to use violence
against a superior officer not being engaged in the execu-
tion of his office. For that Section 16 we substitute this
Clause i, which makes in every such case penal servitude
the maximum penalty. As I pointed out, there might be
cases in which the matter might be dealt with summarily,
and the commanding officer could give a maximum of two
months' imprisonment. Of course, he might ask for a court-
martial and proceed to make a charge, and the noble Lord
(Lord C. Beresford) and, I think, the right hon. gentleman
(Mr. Chamberlain) asked how that would affect death being

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the maximum penalty in other parts of this Act. That is a
question I wish to bear in mind. Death would remain the
maximum penalty under the Act for misconduct in the pre-
sence of the enemy, and also under Clause 2 (absence without
leave in time of war). Clause 3 (offences punishable under
the Act). I am assured that this modification of Clause 16
does not affect in any way the clauses which I have named.
In these cases death remains the maximum penalty.

LORD C. BERESFORD : May I ask the right hon. gentleman
where he intends to put this in the Naval Discipline Act ?

DR. MACNAMARA : In the 1886 Act there is a line printed
as amended. We shall put that line at the top. We shall,
as the result of the amendment, include these emendations.
In place of Section 15 there will be this Clause i.

Clause ordered to stand part of the Bill.

CLAUSE 3. — (Offences Punishable under the Act)

In Section 46 of the Naval Discipline Act, which defines
the cases in which offences are triable by court-martial, after
the words ' in any arsenal, barrack, or hospital belonging to
Her Majesty ' there shall be inserted the words ' or in any
other premises held by or on^behalf of the Crown for naval or
military purposes, or in any canteen or other place frequented
by seamen which may be prescribed by the Admiralty/

Motion made, and Question proposed, ' That the Clause
stand part of the Bill/

DR. MACNAMARA : I should explain that Section 46 of the
original Act sets out a large number of offences for which
sailors may be punished, whether they are offences against
the ordinary law or naval law. This proposal will apply to
these cases. Both the noble Lord the Member for Ports-
mouth (Lord C. Beresford) and the hon. and learned Member
for Cork (Mr. T. M. Healy) called attention to the phrase,
' or in any other premises held by or on behalf of the Crown
for naval or military purposes, or in any canteen or other
place frequented by seamen which may be prescribed by the
Admiralty/ They objected to these words on the ground
that we were taking rather too wide power. I felt the force
of the criticism, and I am quite sure that hon. Members who
have followed the debate share the general desire which
84

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

was expressed by my hon. friends yesterday. Nevertheless,
in order that there may be no misunderstanding, I propose to
make an amendment on the clause I moved, to leave out
the words, ' or other place frequented by seamen/ and to
insert instead thereof the words ' sailors' home or other
place of recreation placed at the disposal of or used by members
of His Majesty's Navy/ I understand that there may be
cases where we may need jurisdiction in certain circumstances.

MR. HEALY : Will the word ' canteen ' remain in ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Yes, Sir.

MR. HEALY : It is a remarkable thing that the teetotallers
in the House, who are so angry about men in the trenches
having to stand the horrors of war and the stench of shell,
should object to a court-martial being held in a canteen.
I am very glad that the right hon. gentleman has seen his
way to make the change which he has proposed. I would
expect the poor men, who are nearly dead, would be glad
to get a little glass of grog.

LORD C. BERESFORD : I think this addition to the clause
is a very great improvement. The real improvement in it
will be that it will keep the jurisdiction in our own hands
without having to go to the Civil Courts.

MR. CHANCELLOR : I think the hon. Member for Cork
(Mr. Healy) misunderstands the attitude of teetotallers in
regard to these matters. We do not object to any soldier
being given rum if he asks for it. What we object to is that
those who are total abstainers should have intoxicants prac-
tically thrust upon them. We wish that they should be
treated on an equality with others.

Amendment agreed to.

Clause, as amended, ordered to stand part of the Bill.

CLAUSE 6. — (Power to inflict Dismissal in Addition to
Imprisonment)

A sentence of imprisonment may be accompanied by a
sentence that the prisoner be dismissed from His Majesty's
Service, and accordingly at the end of paragraph (7) of Section
53 of the Naval Discipline Act, there shall be inserted the
words ' and may be accompanied with a sentence of dismissal
from His Majesty's Service/

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Motion made, and Question proposed, ' That the Clause
stand part of the Bill.'

Dr. MACNAMARA : I wish to make a correction in an
answer which I gave yesterday * to the right hon. gentleman
the Member for West Birmingham (Mr. Chamberlain). The
right hon. gentleman asked : — ' Does that mean that a man
may be dismissed without a court-martial on a sentence
inflicted by a commanding officer ? ' To that I replied :—
' Yes, up to two years/ Then the right hon. gentleman
asked : — ' Over two years or under two years ? Is any officer
to have power to sentence a man to two years' imprisonment
and to accompany that sentence with an order of dismissal
from the Service without a court-martial ? ' To that I re-
plied : — ' I think the summary jurisdiction of an officer
only goes up to three months' imprisonment, but if a Court
awards two years' imprisonment, then we propose it shall
be in its discretion to accompany it with a sentence of
dismissal.' The former answer I gave is incorrect, and I
take this opportunity of correcting it.

Clause ordered to stand part of the Bill.

CLAUSE 8. — (Place for ^Holding Courts-Martial]

At the end of Section 59 of the Naval Discipline Act,
which requires courts-martial to be held on board ship,
the following words shall be added, ' unless the Admiralty
or the officer who ordered the court-martial in any particular
case for reasons to be recorded on the proceedings otherwise
direct, in which case the court-martial shall be held at such
convenient place on shore as the Admiralty or the officer
who ordered the court-martial may direct.'

Motion made, and Question proposed, ' That the Clause
stand part of the Bill.'

DR. MACNAMARA : The general desirability of not depart-
ing from the established practice of holding a court-martial
on board ship was expressed by the noble Lord. He objected
to the Court being transferred to any out of the way or distant
place. He did not wish an accused person to be dragged to
London. We never had that in mind, and I move as an amend-
ment, after the word ' held,' to insert the words, ' at a port.'

LORD C. BERESFORD : This is a very good amendment.
86

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

No doubt, in the circumstances of this war, it might be neces-
sary to hold a court-martial when a ship was away. In war
time there would be at a port officers qualified to hold courts-
martial. I am sure the Service will be glad of this amend-
ment.

MR. HEALY : May I ask whether the interest of an accused
person will be prejudiced by the shifting of the tribunal ? A
man might prefer to be tried by his own officers. I can
understand a sailor desiring to be tried by his own officers —
men who have known him all the time he has been in the
Service. Is it absolutely clear that a change of the tribunal,
if it takes place, will not prejudice him ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I think the hon. and learned gentle-
man is under a misapprehension. Any rights an accused
man might have under the established law and the King's
Regulations would not be prejudiced by the holding of the
court-martial at a port.

LORD C. BERESFORD : The hon. and learned gentleman
(Mr. Healy) has expressed a view, very kind and sympathetic
to the prisoner. I would point out that men are never tried
by their own officers. They are tried by naval officers.
They can ask for an officer of their ship to come and give
evidence of good character, but accused men are really tried
by officers of other ships. In the case represented by the
hon. and learned Member, there could be no prejudice what-
ever, the Court would be held under the same circumstances
of naval law.

MR. R. M'NEILL : How would the clause as amended
affect the case if the ship was in a foreign port ? Would it be
open to hold the court-martial in a foreign port ? I under-
stand that those on board a British ship are legally on British
territory. I want to know whether the clause as proposed to
be amended will enable a British subject to be tried in a foreign
port ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The question is a very important one.
I think an accused person could? be tried at a Colonial port,
but I do not think he could be tried in a foreign port under
this clause as amended.

MR. PETO : May I suggest that the clause should be
amended so that the court-martial could be held at any port
in His Majesty's Dominions.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DR. MACNAMARA : I will take care that the point shall
have consideration, and, if necessary, whatever amendment
may be desirable shall be made.

MR. R. M'NEILL : It is rather important to make the matter
perfectly clear, because difficult questions might arise in
certain circumstances and in reference to certain points. For
instance, in the case of an Egyptian port it might be difficult
to say whether under the present status of Egypt such a port
was or was not under the jurisdiction of His Majesty. It ought
to be made quite clear exactly where a court-martial could
or could not be held.

DR. MACNAMARA : I agree that the point should be looked
into.

LORD C. BERESFORD : The Court could not be formed in
any foreign port. We should not have any naval officers
there doing duty for the Fleet, but if the right hon. gentleman
puts that in it would make the thing quite clear.

• Question, ' That those words be there inserted/ put, and
agreed to.

CLAUSE 14. — (Discipline on Hired Ships in Time of War)

At the end of paragraph (5) of Section 90 of the Naval
Discipline Act, which relates t6 discipline upon hired ships in
His Majesty's service in time of war, there shall be inserted the
words ' Provided that in the absence of the officer commanding
such hired vessel, the officer commanding the ship or vessel
or station in which such person may for the time being be held
in custody shall have such power as aforesaid/

MR. PETO : The right hon. gentleman has said that Section
go of the original Act, which makes provision in respect of
hired ships in His Majesty's service in time of war, invests the
commanding officer of every such hired vessel with the powers
of a commanding officer in the matter of naval discipline in
respect of members of the crew. I wish that was an absolutely
accurate statement of the effect of Section 90, but the effect
of what the right hon. gentleman says is qualified by the fact
that the hired vessel in question must be either commanded by
an officer of the Navy, or be an armed vessel.

DR. MACNAMARA : I said in His Majesty's service.

MR. PETO : Would not the hired ship be in His Majesty's
service even if it was not an armed ship and did not happen to
88

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

be commanded by a naval officer ? The question has arisen
about the transports and the discipline upon them. It is one
to which I have called the attention of the right hon. gentle-
man, and which has been brought much more authoritatively
to his notice by the memorial of the very large number of
officers commanding these hired transports. I could no doubt
move an amendment, but I did not like to do so. I only take
the opportunity of asking the right hon. gentleman that the
Board of Admiralty should consider very seriously whether
during the remaining period of the war these hired vessels,
which are in fact transports constantly carrying a very large
number of troops, should be commanded by officers of the
Navy or of the Royal Naval Reserve, and therefore brought
under the terms of Section 90 which it is here proposed to
amend. I am quite convinced that if that could be done it
would be an enormous relief to those who have to undertake
this responsible duty of the safe-conduct of His Majesty's
forces over seas.

CLAUSE 15. — (Revival of Parts of Naval Discipline Act1) l [See

So much of the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, as repeals *
the Preamble to, and part of Section 86 of, the Naval Dis-
cipline Act shall cease to have and shall be deemed never to
have had effect.

MR. HEALY : I desire to ask a question on this clause. I
have a most vivid recollection of the Statute Law Revision
Act of 1893. In that Act there is a provision that the Preamble
of the Naval Discipline Act shall stand repealed, and the
Government after twenty-two years propose to repeal that
repeal and declare that the Preamble has never been repealed,
whereas the very forcible draftsmen or printers of the Naval
Discipline Act have never regarded the repeal as having any
effect at all, and they bring in a drag-net clause into every one
of their Bills providing that in spite of that repeal there is to be
no repeal whatever. If there is anything that would produce
want of respect for the law and for lawyers, it is the system
of Statute Law Revision whereby you solemnly repeal all the
laws. I remember when there was a proposal to repeal
Magna Charta, made in this House by some person of a re-
pealing mind who said that it was obsolete, but by a vigorous
effort the proposal was stopped. When I sat on a Committee

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

on Statute Law Revision, of which the present Prime Minister
was a member, there was a proposal made that the priority
of salary of the Lord Chief- Justice should stand repealed, and
the Prime Minister made an emphatic protest against that
repeal taking place, and with great difficulty succeeded in
preserving that most splendid relic of the Constitution. Here
we have the most absolute absurdity demonstrated, not merely
to this House, but to the public, and I ask what respect there
can be for lawyers or for legislation when it is proposed here
to repeal the repeal of a Preamble which every lawyer con-
cerned in it for the last twenty-two years has never deemed to
be repealed at all.

It is certainly one of the most curious instances connected
with legislation. For twenty-two years, notwithstanding the
repeal of the Preamble of the Naval Discipline Act, you have
ignored the repeal, and this couple of sentences has continued,
as I understand, to ornament and adorn the forefront of these
Bills. Why should we now in a time of war suddenly wake up
to the consciousness that this repeal, of which nobody hitherto
has taken the smallest notice, has taken effect. I always wish
to meet Treasury clerks to see what sort of persons they are.
One would like to meet the kind of man who has discovered
this, and who sat up for nights, I suppose, planning that he
would give the House of Commons some judicial entertainment
by suddenly providing that the ghost of this repeal shall be
finally laid by a Statute declaring that the repeal has never
taken place at all. I would like to meet the gentleman re-
sponsible. Read the clause, I think it is a classic instance :

' So much of the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893, as
repeals the Preamble to and part of Section 86 of the Naval
Discipline Act shall cease to have and shall be deemed never
to have had effect.'

Whoever drew that had the courage of his convictions. What
is the fact ? That everybody connected with the Navy has
insisted upon this Preamble continually, as if no repeal had
taken place at all.

Why cannot you leave it so ? Because you have really this
position : So far as my experience in Courts of Law has gone,
every time you said to a Court that the Statute Law Revision
Act has repealed a particular provision, the Courts took no
90

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

notice of it. I remember complaining that no attention was
being bestowed on the revision of the Irish Statute, and, for
my sins, the then Government, about twenty-five years ago,
appointed a man who has mottled and dappled Irish legisla-
tion, so that when you require to consider the effect of bank-
ruptcy laws, land laws, and other things of difficulty and
doubt, nobody can construe the Statute Law Revision, and
consequently the Irish Courts have come to the sensible
resolution that they will pay no heed whatever to the Statute
Law Acts. I remember Lord Chancellor Ashbourne asking
me, ' Why on earth does the House of Commons pass such
Statute Law Acts ? ' and I said that they were intended as a
codification of the law, in order to make the law clear to the
working man. That is the only explanation which I have
ever been able to get of this system of legislation. To pass
this section now would mean a legislative declaration by the
Government that the Statute Law Revision Acts have force,
because they themselves, having refused to recognise the force
of the Statute Law Revision Acts, now find it necessary to
declare, as they do by this clause, that in fact they believe
that they have had force, whereas it was known to every one
that they had no force whatever.

Therefore, when by the blundering of the gentlemen con-
nected with the Statute Law Revision some Act is repealed,
you can always say ' that is a blunder and the drag-net section
will cover it, and therefore no harm has been done/ But
can you do that now ? Because the moment you say, ' Oh,
the Government for twenty-two years never took any notice
of the repeal and they put the Preamble forthwith into the
section/ then it would be said immediately by somebody
that there was a revival and a re-enactment. When you
yourselves have given no effect to the repeal you should not
now prejudice other legislation by this proposal. I have
no doubt whatever of the reason of the repeal. This is only
a dive back to the past. In the old days there used to be a
question that the Preamble could be postponed, and you
could debate that. Then there was a Standing Order passed
that the Preamble should stand proposed with the Question.
Then as Preambles had gone out of fashion, it was possible,
under the Navy Acts, I take it, to have a debate on the
Preamble, and so it came under the notice of the naval law

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

revisor and he abolished it altogether for the sake of what
he thought was parliamentary convenience, and when he
had done that the Navy, with glorious persistency, treats the
repeal as having had no effect whatever. We have lived in
that happy state of things for twenty-two years, and now,
in the midst of a vast war with the Teuton or the Hun, or
whatever he is called, supposed to be threatening at our gates,
we declare that we shall run up the flag once more, and that
the glories of the Navy shall stand blazoned upon our banners,
notwithstanding the repeal of the Preamble of the Naval
Discipline Act. I only hope that the gentleman responsible
in doing what he has done in this case will not leave for future
times a puzzle for lawyers like the puzzle which was pro-
pounded in the case of the fly in the amber, as to how the
mischief he got there.

SIR J. SIMON : Whatever else the Naval Discipline Act
has produced, all of us are grateful that it should have pro-
duced the speech of the hon. and learned gentleman. He
has told us a number of things which we are greatly interested
to know, including the part which he has played in appoint-
ing those officials who in Ireland look after the revision of
the Statutes, and also his opinion of the law. But my imme-
diate reason for rising was this-: he said that he wants to
see the man who will admit that he has got any sort of respon-
sibility for putting this clause in this Bill at this time. I am,
I hope, a reasonably retiring person, but, that request having
been made, I feel it necessary to stand up and say that I
am the man. We have enjoyed the hon. and learned gentle-
man's review of the Statute Law Revision Act, but I am
sorry to say that I do not entirely share his view that it could
have no effect on anything whatever. Ireland, indeed, is a
fortunate country in many ways, but in no way so fortunate
as in matters of this kind ; at any rate, last Monday, in our
own courts here, a judgment was being considered with respect
to which I had to argue. It was given by three judges of
our own High Court, a short time back, in which they agreed
unanimously that a section in another Statute Law Revision
Act had, in fact, altered a very important part of the pre-
rogative of the Crown. I am glad to say that before the Court
of. Appeal we found that to be groundless, and we restored
ourselves to the position in which we were before. There are
92

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

two reasons why this section should be put in, and I hope
they will commend themselves to the House. The first is,
at any rate in the view of those who are responsible for advis-
ing the Admiralty, that there is some doubt as to whether
the Statute Law Revision Act here referred to has not thrown
doubt upon some decisions already given by the Admiralty
authorities in respect of courts-martial. Everybody will
agree that when you are administering naval discipline
through naval courts-martial you do not want a court-martial
to be upset on the ground of a pure technicality. That is one
reason why the clause is put in at this time. There is an-
other reason. Generally speaking, the Preamble of an Act of
Parliament is found very dreary reading, more dreary than
the enacting clause, and the more we get rid of those Pre-
ambles of old Statutes I dare say the better ; but there is
one exception, and it is that which is traditionally to be
found in the Naval Discipline Act. Its pedigree goes right
back to Charles the Second, and it is a simple and splendid
Preamble which existed until the Statute Law Revision Act,
framed by those who cared nothing for these things, cut it
out of the Statute Book. I think it is proper that we should
restore it : —

' Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to

the government of the Navy, wherein under the good

providence and protection of God, the wealth, safety, and

strength of the Kingdom is so much concerned/

I do not think we are in the least to be reproached, even

in the event of war, because, when we had on various urgent

matters to improve and amend the law with respect to naval

discipline, we should, in set terms, restore to the Statute

Book that traditional and splendid expression, ' Wherein

under the good providence of God/ I am the guilty person

who has put in this provision, and I ask the House to accept it.

Clause ordered to stand part of the Bill.

CLAUSE 16.' — (Printing and Construction of Naval

Discipline Act)

(i) Every enactment and word which is directed by this
Act to be substituted for or added to any portion of the
Naval Discipline Act shall form part of that Act in the place
assigned to it by this Act, and the Naval Discipline Act,

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and all Acts which refer thereto, shall after the commence-
ment of this Act be construed as if that enactment or word
had been originally enacted in the Naval Discipline Act in
the place so assigned, and, where it is substituted for another
enactment or word, had been so enacted in lieu of that enact-
ment or word, and as if the Naval Discipline Act had been
enacted with the omission of any enactment or word which
is directed by the Schedule to this Act to be omitted from
that Act, and the expression ' this Act ' in the Naval Discipline
Act shall be construed accordingly.

(2) A copy of the Naval Discipline Act with every such
enactment and word inserted in the place so assigned, and
with the omission of any portion of that Act directed by the
Schedule to this Act to be omitted from that Act, and with
the substitution of references to His Majesty for references
to Her Majesty shall be prepared and certified by the Clerk
of the Parliaments and deposited with the rolls of Parliament,
and His Majesty's printers shall print in accordance with the
copy so certified aU copies of the Naval Discipline Act which
are printed after the commencement of this Act.

MR. HEALY : Perhaps the right hon. and learned gentle-
man will give some explanation of Sub-section (2). It is a
most desirable thing in the case of such complicated provi-
sions as these. I only want to know, as in the case of the
Army Act, how it becomes necessary in the Navy Act. If
the right hon. and learned gentleman is not prepared to
reply now, perhaps he will give a reply on the Report stage.

SIR J. SIMON : In the case of the Army Act it has been
for many years the custom to reprint all the amendments
made, so that those who wished to see those amendments
might have them inside the four corners of one document.
That has, in fact, been provided by Statute, and I think you
will find that it is in the Army Act of 1885. The object, in
both cases, is to furnish the document containing the existing
law, complete in itself, and corrected up to date, instead of
persons having to refer to half a dozen different books, in
order to build up for themselves the Statute as it is. The
second sub-section, just as is the first sub-section, is to provide
that we may ensure that there is no mistake as to what is
exactly the existing state of the law, both military and naval.

Clause ordered to stand part of the Bill.
94

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NEW CLAUSE. — (Corporal Punishment]

(1) No person subject to the Naval Discipline Act who is
of or over the age of sixteen years shall be liable to corporal
punishment, but nothing in this sub-section shall be con-
strued as rendering any person liable to such punishment
who would not have been so liable if this section had not
been enacted.

(2) The maximum number of strokes which may be in-
flicted upon a person liable to corporal punishment shall be
twelve.

(3) Section 53 of the Naval Discipline Act is repealed
so far as inconsistent with this section.

SIR W. BYLES : I beg to move this clause on behalf of
my hon. friend the Member for Peterborough (Mr. George
Greenwood). I understand that the object of the proposal
is to bring the law in regard to corporal punishment into
harmony with the practice and regulations of His Majesty's
Navy. I remember long debates in this House about flogging
in the Navy, and I thought that perhaps the right hon.
gentleman would explain how far those punishments have
been abolished. At any rate, the object of this clause is to
make statutory what is already in practice.

DR. MACNAMARA : My hon. friend will remember that
the only corporal punishment now in force in the Navy is
caning. He will remember that flogging has been definitely
suspended since 1881, and it could not be reinstituted except
by the special authority of the Board of Admiralty.

SIR W. BYLES : Is it not abolished by law ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I have stated that it has been suspended
and could not be reinstituted except by the authority of the
Board of Admiralty. There remains the punishment of caning.
That punishment may be administered to boys who are above
the age of fifteen and under eighteen. Here, again, my hon.
friend will remember that in recent years we restricted the
permission to cane. We went into the question very closely,
and set up material restrictions. In 1906 the captain could
delegate the power of caning to the commander, but in that
year strict orders were issued that the caning should only be
imposed under the actual order of the captain. Then, early
in 1913, we issued instructions that caning was to be restricted

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to the serious offences of theft, immorality, drunkenness,
insubordination, and deliberate and continued disobedience of
orders. Further, at that time instructions were issued to the
effect that, in the absence of the captain, the commanding
officer is not to order caning to be inflicted unless the captain be
absent from duty by permission of superior authority for more
than forty-eight hours. It was also laid down that the
punishment is not to be carried out in public. I may say
further, in reply to my hon. friend, that the instructions
provide that the punishment is to be inflicted with a light
and ordinary cane on the clothes. I trust, therefore, that my
hon. friend will not enter upon a discussion at this time.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Does the hon. gentleman want to
do away with corporal punishment altogether ?

SIR W. BYLES : Certainly.

LORD C. BERESFORD : May I point out that I am an
example of corporal punishment. In one school I attended I
was more flogged than the whole of the rest of the boys put
together, and it did me a great deal of good. An impulsive,
energetic, high-spirited boy often gets into more trouble and
rows than the other lads, and he takes his flogging, and the
thing is over. If you are going to punish him in some other
way, if he is a high-tempered, spirited boy, and he is kept
indoors, or otherwise punished, he will resent it, and the
punishment will not have the moral effect which is derived
from the use of the cane. The lad takes his caning, and thinks
no more of it. He takes his punishment like a man, and it
does him a great deal of good. It is true that a boy may be a
thief, and a thief is a cur, and it is a very good thing to flog a
cur at times ; but I am speaking of high-spirited boys who get
into mischief and submit to caning without thinking more
about it. In the Service corporal punishment has been done
away with, but when I joined the Service we had no discipline
and plenty of ' cat/ but now it is thought a good thing to have
plenty of discipline and no ' cat/ When I joined the Service,
if a man offended he was flogged. Often a man would use
rough remarks about the captain, and, if it was discovered, he
was called out. It was a bestial punishment ; it was a
punishment suited to those days when men could not read or
write, and when many of them were convicts, and when many
of them were very bad characters, but it would be absolutely
96

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

horrible now for a man to be tied up and get four dozen.
Times have changed, but I still feel that the cane for the boy
is good. It is not as if I had not had it myself. I had plenty
of it, and I think it did me a great deal of good in those days.

SIR W. BYLES : I do not think that this is the time to
discuss the ethics of flogging, but if it were I could find a good
deal to say in reply to the noble Lord, who, no doubt, is a fine
specimen of the mature honourable man, notwithstanding the
flogging he got in his youth. Neither he nor my right hon.
friend the Parliamentary Secretary have met the point, the
only point I made, namely, that this is an attempt to make
the Statute agree with the practice. The right hon. gentle-
man has explained to us what the practice is in the Navy with
regard to flogging, and I should like him to tell us what can
be the objection to making that practice statutory.

DR. MACNAMARA : Without going into that question, I
am afraid it could not be done in this Bill, which we bring in
as an emergency measure.

SI*R W. BYLES : I beg to withdraw the proposed new clause.

Proposed new clause, by leave, withdrawn.

Bill reported, as amended, considered ; read the third
time, and passed.

THE ABORTIVE ' BLOCKADE '

The Secretary of the Admiralty announces the following Times,
further results of the German submarine ' blockade/ the March 9,
arrivals and departures of vessels mentioned below being I9I5-
those of oversea steamers (over 300 tons) of all nationalities
at United Kingdom ports, excluding vessels used by the
Admiralty for naval and military purposes :

British Merchant

Vessels Lives
Week. Arrivals. Sailings. Torpedoed. Lost.

Jan. 21 to Jan. 27 . . 823 680 I

Jan. 28 to Feb. 3 . . 677 743 61 2O1

Feb. 4 to Feb. 10 . . 754 664 —

Feb. ii to Feb. 17 . . 752 686 I 2

Feb. 18 to Feb. 24 . . 708 673 7 7

Feb. 25 to Mar. 3 . . 805 669 —
1 [Including S.S. Oriole (20 lives).]

NAVAL 40 97

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The vessels which German submarines have unsuccessfully
endeavoured to attack are as under : —

Feb. i. Asturias (tonnage 12,002) ; Owners, R.M.S.P.
Company, Belfast. — Torpedo fired at her 15 miles N.N.E. of
Havre Lightship. Torpedo missed. Asturias is a War Office
Hospital Ship. She has two large Red Crosses lit up at night
by powerful reflectors, also a broad green horizontal band.

Feb. 10. Laertes (4541) ; Ocean Steamship Company,
Liverpool (A. Holt and Co.). — Attacked by gunfire and shot
through funnel. Torpedo also fired and missed.

Feb. 14. Kirkham Abbey (1166) ; Hull and Netherlands
Steamship Company, Hull. — Chased for twenty minutes by
submarine.

Feb. 21. Penhale (3712) ; Penhale Steamship Company,
Falmouth. — While making for Holyhead was chased for three
miles by a submarine.

Feb. 22. Victoria (1689) ; South-Eastern and Chatham
Railway. — Torpedo fired at her, but missed, passing thirty
yards ahead of ship. (Ninety-two passengers, including
twenty-one women and a large number of neutrals.)

Feb. 23. Kalibia (4930) ; Clyde Shipping Company.—
Chased for thirty miles.

Feb. 23. Alex. Hastie (206) ; R. Hastie and Sons, North
Shields. — Approached by submarine, which fouled trawl.

Feb. 24. Hungarian Prince (4765) ; Prince Line. — Attack
attempted by submarine off Beachy Head.

Feb. 25. St. Andrew (2528) ; Fishguard and Rosslare
Railways and Harbours Company. — Hospital ship. Chased
by submarine for four miles off Boulogne at 9.30 A.M.

Feb. 26. Alston (2563) ; Webster and Barraclough, West
Hartlepool. — Reported struck submarine off Dungeness.

Feb. 28. Thordis (501) ; Thordis Steamship Company,
Bolton. — Attacked off Beachy Head at 9.30 A.M. Torpedo
passed under engine-room section of ship. Attacking sub-
marine struck by Thordis.

March 2. Wrexham (1414) ; Great Central Railway.—
Chased by submarine for about thirty miles.

March 4. Ningchow (9021) ; China Mutual Steam Naviga-
tion Company (A. Holt and Co.). — Chased by submarine for
about twenty minutes.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

March 5. Lydia (1175) ; London and South-Western
Railway. — Torpedo fired at vessel by submarine while on
journey from Jersey to Southampton. Torpedo passed forty
feet astern of ship (fifty passengers).

SPECIAL TREATMENT OF U-BOAT CAPTIVES

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement :— March 9,

Since the war began His Majesty's ships have on every
occasion done their utmost to rescue from the sea German
officers and men whose vessels have been sunk, and more
than 1000 have been saved, often in circumstances of diffi-
culty and danger, although no such treatment has ever yet
been shown to British sailors in similar distress.

The officers and men thus taken prisoners have received
the treatment appropriate to their rank and such courtesies
as the Service allows ; and in the case of the Emden were
accorded the honours of war.

The Board of Admiralty do not, however, feel justified
in extending honourable treatment to the twenty-nine officers
and men rescued from submarine U 8.

This vessel has been operating in the Straits of Dover
and the English Channel during the last few weeks, and there
is strong probability that she has been guilty of attacking
and sinking unarmed merchantmen and firing torpedoes at
ships carrying non-combatants, neutrals, and women.

In particular the steamship Oriole is missing, and there is
grave reason to fear she was sunk at the beginning of February
with all hands — twenty.

There is, of course, great difficulty in bringing home
particular crimes to any individual German submarine, and
it may be that the evidence necessary to establish a conviction
will not be obtained until after the conclusion of peace.

In the meantime persons against whom such charges are
pending must be the subject of special restriction, cannot be
accorded the distinctions of their rank, or be allowed to mingle
with other prisoners of war.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

THREE BRITISH STEAMSHIPS SUNK

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

March 10, announcement : —

I9I5- The British steamship Tangistan, 3738 tons, owned by

Messrs. F. C. Strick and Co., London, was sunk by torpedo off
Scarborough at 12.30 A.M., gth March. The crew consisted
of 38 hands ; of these only one survivor is at present known
to have been picked up.

The British steamship Blackwood, 1230 tons, owned by the
Tyneside Line (Limited), North Shields, was sunk without
warning by torpedo from submarine at 6 A.M., gth March, off
Hastings. The crew of seventeen were all saved, and were
landed at Newhaven.

The British steamship Princess Victoria, 1108 tons, owned
by Messrs. M. Langlands and Sons, Glasgow, was sunk without
warning by torpedo from submarine at 9.15 A.M., gth March,
off Liverpool. The crew of thirty-four hands were all saved
and landed at Liverpool.

• U 12. SUNK

Times, It was officially announced yesterday that the German

March ii, submarine U 20 had been rammed and sunk by a British
destroyer, but it appears from a subsequent announcement
made by the Admiralty that it was the U 12, a somewhat
older boat, that met with disaster, and that with her went
down eighteen of her crew of twenty-eight. The following
is the text of the two announcements issued by the Admiralty :

2.35 P.M.

The German submarine U 20 was rammed to-day by Ariel
(Lieutenant-Commander James V. Creagh). The submarine
sank, and the crew surrendered.

8.50 P.M.

Later and more detailed reports have now been received
which establish the fact that the German submarine which
was rammed and sunk by H.M.S. Ariel was U 12, and that
out of her crew of twenty-eight the number saved was ten.

IOO

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

BRITISH COLLIER REPORTED SUNK

March 10.

The British collier Beethoven, bound from Newcastle to ibid.
Gibraltar, either ran on a mine or was torpedoed and sank.
The crew, with the exception of two of its members, was
saved. — German Wireless.

[The Beethoven was safely docked at Avonmouth on
March 7.]

ALIENS AND PILOTAGE

House of Lords, March 10, 1915.

The EARL OF SELBORNE rose to call attention to the Hansard.
reply of Lord Islington on February 24 x on the subject i [See
of certificates of pilotage held by the Germans in the United Naval 3,
Kingdom, and to ask whether the Board of Trade will hence- P- 421.
forth confine the grant of certificates of pilotage for the River
Thames and the coasts of the United Kingdom to natural-born
British subjects.

The noble Earl said : My Lords, there was an old-standing
controversy between many naval officers and the Board of
Trade in past years as to whether the Board should issue certi-
ficates of pilotage to other than natural-born British subjects,
but the Board of Trade up to the time of the war had always
refused to withhold these certificates from aliens. On Feb-
ruary 24 last I asked the noble Lord the Under-Secretary of
State for the Colonies a question as to the number of certificates
of pilotage for the River Thames or for any part of the United
Kingdom held by German or Austrian subjects at the time of
the declaration of war, and his answer was that five pilotage
certificates for the London district and three for the Humber
were held by German subjects. It is obvious that those pilots
may conceivably have been of real use to the German Admiralty,
or they may be during the course of this war. We hope not.
But it cannot be otherwise contended than that the existence
of German subjects with such a knowledge of our coastal waters
might, in conceivable circumstances, be a very important
matter in the eyes of the German Admiralty. I ask His
Majesty's Government whether, in the light of the experience
of this war, the Board of Trade are not prepared to reconsider

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

this question. I do not wish to go into it at length to-night.
I merely desire to ascertain what the attitude of the Govern-
ment is, and whether the Board of Trade are still of opinion
that it is a wise policy to issue certificates for pilotage in respect
of our ports and coastal waters to other than natural-born
British subjects.

The UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES
(LORD ISLINGTON) : My Lords, I am hopeful that the formal
answer which I hold in my hand from the Board of Trade will
sufficiently reply to the question put by the noble Earl, but if
there is any further point, after I have read this answer, upon
which he desires information, I shall be very pleased to explain
it if it lies in my power to do so. So far as the information of
the Board of Trade goes, there are only ten naturalised British
subjects out of a total of 2538 masters and mates holding
pilotage certificates, and of these none are of German or
Austrian birth. The Board have no power to deprive natural-
ised British subjects of rights to which they, in common with
British-born subjects, are entitled. Since December 10, 1914,
all pilotage certificates granted to masters and mates by the
Corporation of Trinity House, London, for the London pilotage
district have been suspended until further notice, and this is
the case also in other district sf

The EARL OF SELBORNE : With great respect to the noble
Lord, he has not answered my question, which was this—
whether the Board of Trade will henceforth confine the
granting of certificates of pilotage for the River Thames and
the coasts of the United Kingdom to natural-born British
subjects.

LORD ISLINGTON : The latter part of my answer met the
question put by the noble Earl — namely, that all grants of
pilotage certificates were suspended on December 10, and will
continue so during the duration of the war. A master or mate
of a ship in possession of a pilotage certificate and who hitherto,
in such possession, could steer his ship into any of the ports
for which he had that certificate, no longer can do so during
the war, and the ship will have to employ a pilot with a
licence.

The EARL OF SELBORNE : That only answers a small part
of my question. What the noble Lord has told me is that the
Board of Trade have suspended for the rest of the war the
zoa

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

issue of such certificates. I am glad to hear it. But I want
to know whether the Board of Trade are prepared for the
future, after the war, to discontinue the grant of certificates
of pilotage to aliens.

LORD ISLINGTON : Under the Pilotage Act, 1913, it was
laid down, in Section 23, that a certificate should not be
granted to a master or mate of a ship unless he is a British
subject. There are, however, exceptions to that under the
1913 Act. If the noble Earl will look at Section 26, I think
it is, he will see that certain renewals of certificates may be
allowed to those who, prior to the year 1906, had such certifi-
cates ; but in a subsequent schedule of the Act it will be found
that in those cases where renewals allowed are to masters and
mates who are other than British subjects they are only
granted over a comparatively limited area. In Section 24,
sub-section (2), there is a long list of ports in respect of which
masters and mates who are aliens are excluded from this
privilege. Under the 1913 Act the only certificates allowed
to aliens are those which the pilotage authorities grant in the
form of renewals to men who had certificates previous to 1906,
and, as I have said, the certificates are confined to a limited
area, the holders being debarred from going into the ports
named in the schedule to the Act.

The EARL OF SELBORNE : I am obliged to the noble Lord
for his answer, and if he will be good enough to send me the
reference I shall be glad.

The EARL OF CAMPERDOWN : The answer given by the
noble Lord the Under-Secretary for the Colonies, as I under-
stood it, related to British subjects, but the question put to
him by the noble Earl was whether the Board of Trade would
in future confine the grant of certificates of pilotage to natural-
born British subjects. That is a much tighter definition,
and refers to quite a different class of men.

LORD ISLINGTON : As I explained in the formal answer
which I gave just now, the Board of Trade have no power
to deprive naturalised British subjects of rights to which
they, in common with British-born subjects, are entitled.

The EARL OF CAMPERDOWN : The noble Earl asked whether
the Board of Trade would hereafter confine these certificates
to natural-born British subjects. That is a point which the
noble Lord has not touched.

103

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

PRIZE MONEY

Hansard. The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, I rise to ask the

noble Marquess the Leader of the House when he will be in
a position to answer the question on the subject of the Prize
Claims Committee which is already on the Notice Paper.*
Since I placed the question on the Paper I have had com-
munications from a good many quarters, which show that I
was not wrong in thinking that this is a matter of very general
interest.

The LORD PRIVY SEAL and SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA (The MARQUESS OF CREWE) : My Lords, I quite agree
that the subject mentioned in the noble Earl's question is
one which excites a great deal of general interest. There is
a sort of historical flavour attaching to Naval Prize which
causes a great number of people to be interested in the
subject besides those immediately concerned. The question
is not only one of importance but it is also one, as I have no
doubt the noble Earl recognises, of considerable complexity,
and it affects more than one Department of the State. But if
the noble Earl will put his question on the Paper for to-morrow
I shall hope to be able to give him an answer by then.

DISASTERS TO TRADING VESSELS (PUBLICATION

OF NEWS)

House of Commons, March 10, 1915.

ibid. MR. HOLT asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether

he has caused the Censor to prevent the publication of news
of damage to or loss of British merchant vessels by mine or
submarine ; and whether, in view of the responsibility in-
curred by shipowners in sending their vessels on dangerous

* [To ask His Majesty's Government whether it is true that they have
set up a Prize Claims Committee to consider of a distribution to individuals,
whose claims have been rejected by the Prize Court, of portions of Prize
Money ; and if so, whether they can inform the House what are its qualifica-
tions, and what cases in respect of what vessels and of what persons are
now under consideration by that Committee ; and whether it is intended
that while all Prize Money is withheld from the officers and men of the
Navy, part of it shall be distributed to persons selected by the Prize Claims
Committee.]
104

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

voyages, he will give an assurance that no information regard-
ing disasters to trading vessels shall be withheld ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE BOARD OF
ADMIRALTY (DR. MACNAMARA) : The Censor is guided in his
action by the instructions he receives from the Admiralty,
and announcements are made by him in accordance with these
instructions. No such news has been suppressed, though the
time of publication necessarily depends upon circumstances of
which the Admiralty alone are the judge. Arrangements are
made whereby the news of damage to or loss of British merchant
vessels is communicated to the owners and Lloyd's at once.
The immediate publication of individual losses would be of
little assistance to the safety of the mercantile marine apart
from the precautionary measures taken by the Admiralty. So
far every loss has been published.

NAVAL OFFICERS (SHORE APPOINTMENTS)

COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the Ad- ibid.
miralty whether he is aware that a number of active list
officers, filling appointments on shore in the Coastguard and
elsewhere, have applied for service afloat, and that the practice
of giving the preference to retired officers deprives these
active list officers of the legitimate opportunity of winning
distinction in the proper sphere of a seaman ; and whether
he can see his way to take any action to meet such cases ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I am informed that many officers filling
shore appointments have been given sea appointments since
war broke out, and that it is not the case that preference is
given to retired officers.

RETIRED NAVAL OFFICERS (WAR SERVICE
AND PENSIONS)

SIR CLEMENT KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the ibid.
Admiralty whether, seeing that time served during the war is
regarded as active service time and that such time counts
towards an increase of half-pay for active list officers, he will
consider the possibility of officers retired from the Navy on .
account of ill-health, and who voluntarily offered their services
during the war, being allowed to count their war service
towards an increase of pension ; is he aware that the majority

105

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of these officers have given up civil employment ; and that,
should the war last any length of time, their chances of obtain-
ing similar work after hostilities are over will be materially
reduced owing to increased age, and especially will this be so
in the case of men nearing their forty-fifth year ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I regret I am unable to see my way to
recommending the adoption of the suggestion of the hon.
Member. Retired officers recalled to service receive a war
bonus of 25 per cent, of their full pay in lieu of counting their
service for increase of pension. This system is undoubtedly
the fairest for officers as a whole. Under the proposal of the
hon. Member some officers would undoubtedly gain, but a very
considerable number would receive no increase in pension
whatever by counting their service under the present general
rules on which the calculation of retired pay is based.

HOSPITAL SHIP ASTURIAS (SUBMARINE ATTACK)

House of Commons, March 10, 1915.

Hansard. SIR JOHN LONSDALE asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

if his attention has been directed to the apology issued by
the German Embassy in Washington for the submarine
attack upon the British hospital ship Asturias off Havre on
ist February ; and if the excuse offered that the distinctive
marks showing the character of the ship were not recognised
has any validity ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The master's report says :— -' It was a
very light and clear evening and at 5.15 broad daylight, and
in no possibility could the character of the ship be mistaken/
The report further says : — ' Apart from the testimony of my
officers, a number of people on board not only saw the course
of the torpedo, but also observed the submarine following in
our wake/

As the submarine was herself seen by several of those in
the Asturias, it is difficult to believe that the ship's distinctive
marks could have been mistaken.

ENEMY SHIPS IN BRITISH PORTS

ibid. MR. ROBINSON asked the President of the Board of Trade

how many German and Austrian steamers and sailing ships
are now lying unused in British ports ; who pays the dock
106

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

dues and watching expenses of these vessels ; and whether
they can all be made use of in view of the shortage of tonnage
existing ?

The PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (MR. RUNCI-
MAN) : All the German and Austrian steamers and sailing
ships which were detained in British ports, with the exception
of a few sailing ships which cannot be usefully employed at
present, are either in use already or will be in use very shortly.
Any expenses properly chargeable against the ships before
the date of employment would, I understand, be payable by
the Admiralty Marshal or other proper officer of the Crown.

MR. ROBINSON : Will my right hon. friend consider care-
fully whether these sailing ships cannot be made use of ?
There are certain vessels between 1800 and 5000 tons lying
in the same port at the present time which might be used.

MR. RUNCIMAN : Yes, sir, if it were possible to make use
of them we should certainly do so, but it is not only a question
of making use of the vessels themselves, but of providing
crews for them. There is at the present moment a great
shortage of sailors, and I am advised that we would not be
able to man any more vessels at our ports. If the supply of
sailors were to alter, we could, of course, reconsider the
matter.

MR. ROBINSON : Will not my right hon. friend, under the
exceptional circumstances, consider the advisability of obtain-
ing Scandinavian sailors ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : We can consider that, but in British
ships we have been rather deprecating the use of alien crews.

ENEMY SUBMARINES (REWARDS FOR
DESTRUCTION)

SIR JOHN LONSDALE asked the Prime Minister if it is the ibid.
intention of the Government to offer adequate monetary
rewards to the officers and seamen of British merchant ships
for the destruction of enemy submarines ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Admiralty are always ready to
mark any act of daring and good seamanship which assists the
naval operations in a fitting manner, but I have no further
statement to make on the subject at present.

107

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SINKING GERMAN SUBMARINES

House of Commons, March 10, 1915.

Hansard. SIR FoRTESCUE FLANNERY asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty whether his attention has been called to the claim

by the merchant vessels Thordis and Alston that they have

sunk enemy submarines, and to the claim of the steam

trawler Alexander Hastie of having performed a similar

service ; and whether the reward of £500 offered by the news-

1 [See paper Syren and Shipping?- for the first sinking by merchant

Naval 3, ships of enemy submarines, and other similar rewards offered,

pp. 464-7.] Can be adjudicated by the Admiralty amongst these rival

claimants to have been the first to sink an enemy submarine,

by examination in dry dock by Admiralty officials, as in the

case of the Thordis, examined by Admiral Sir George Egerton ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The attention of the Admiralty has

been drawn to the three cases mentioned. The case of the

Thordis has already been considered, and the opinion of the

Admiralty has been made known. In the case of the other

two vessels, inquiries are being made, but it is not possible

to say whether any definite conclusion can be come to. The

adjudication of private awards is not a matter which the

Admiralty can officially undertake.

DARDANELLES

C-0-' On the loth inst., during the day, in unfavourable weather,

ioi? 2°' two British warships fired on the defences at Bulair, while two
British battleships bombarded the light batteries commanding
Morto Bay, at the entrance to the Dardanelles.

On the night between the loth and nth mine-sweepers
entered the Straits under the protection of an ironclad and a
cruiser ; they succeeded in traversing the first mine-field in the
teeth of a lively fire from the guns of the defence. On the
nth inst. a French division continued the operations begun
the day before against the defences at Bulair and against the
light batteries placed above Morto Bay.

On the following days mine-sweeping was continued.

Constantinople.

K.V., . Main Headquarters reports : To-day two enemy cruisers
March 10, bombarded our positions in a desultory and half-hearted

fashion near Kum Kale and Sedd-el-Bahr. An enemy mine-

108

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

sweeper, in attempting to approach the mine-field before
Smyrna during the night of March 8, struck a mine and sank.
The enemy fleet bombarded the forts of Smyrna for an hour
yesterday without effect. An enemy seaplane which flew
towards our forts was compelled by the fire of our batteries
to withdraw.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : For three days the enemy has made K.V.,
no attempt against the Dardanelles. During the night of March 12,
March n seven mine-sweepers under cover of a cruiser and a I9I5>
few torpedo-boats approached the line of our mines, but our
light batteries damaged the armoured ships and sank two of
the mine-sweepers. A third mine-sweeper struck a mine and
sank. The enemy's attempt to remove our mine was thus
completely shattered.

Constantinople.

Main Headquarters reports : Last night our batteries sank ibid.
a few mine-sweepers which had approached the mine-field.
To-day the enemy made no attempts against the Dardanelles.
Our warships torpedoed an enemy transport steamer in the
Sea.

Tchanak Kale.

The agent of Wolff's Telegraph Bureau telegraphs from K.V.,
the Dardanelles : March 13,

After a two days' lull the first night action took place in I9I5-
the night from Wednesday to Thursday (March 10 and n) on
a rather larger scale* than usual. At II o'clock an English
cruiser and several torpedo-boats began energetically to
bombard the searchlight at Dardanos. The howitzer batteries
replied, and the whole horizon was lit up and the earth trembled
for miles round. The first action lasted an hour. At two
o'clock in the morning the fight was renewed. At the same
time mine-sweepers were sent out by the English to clear a way
through the mine-field. During the violent fire from both
sides the English cruiser retired from the firing line in con-
sequence of a hit from a howitzer. Three mine-sweepers were
sunk, whereupon the remaining mine-sweepers fled in all haste
pursued by the Turkish fire, without having in any way
accomplished their purpose. There was no loss on the Turkish

109

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

side; the searchlights are intact. In consequence of the
complete failure of the English night attack, there was a lull
on Thursday notwithstanding the clearest weather. The forts
of the middle Dardanelles are intact, all traces of the great
bombardment of Saturday and Sunday have disappeared.
The officers and men are in excellent spirits and very confident.

Constantinople.

K.V., Main Headquarters report ; To-day an enemy armoured

March 14, ship bombarded at long intervals and without results Sedd-el-

I9I5- Bahr and Kum Kale. Last night the enemy attempted again

to approach the mine-field with a light flotilla, but was repulsed

by the fire from our batteries, which damaged a few of the

enemy ships.

OFFICIAL DESPATCHES

Admiralty, 2nd May 1919
Letter from Vice- Admiral S. H. Garden, March 17, 1915

H.M.S. Queen Elizabeth, March 17, 1915.

L.G., SIR, — I have the honour to submit, for the consideration

May 2, of their Lordships, the narrative of events during the opera-

I9I9- tions of the Allied British and French Squadrons against the

defences of the Dardanelles, from the igth February to i6th

March 1915.

^ There was a marked difference in the tactics of the enemy
manning the forts at the entrance when attacked on this occa-
sion to that which they followed on the 3rd November 1914 ;
on that day when a short bombardment was carried out by
Indefatigable, Indomitable, Suffren and V£rite, by a run past
in close order, range 13,000 yards, they replied to our fire
almost at once, and maintained from forts Nos. i, 3, 4, and 6,
till our squadron completed their run. The only projectiles,
however, which fell close were those from the 94-inch guns
in forts Nos. i and 4. Good practice was made by the Allied
Squadron on forts Nos. 3 and 6, in the former of which there
was a large magazine explosion. Information was received
later that the casualties to personnel were high amongst the
enemy, some accounts putting it at 600.

That it was considerable is, I think, shown by the fact
no

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL.

that on the igth February, when the present operations began,
and a deliberate bombardment by our ships took place, no
Turkish fort attempted to reply until late in the afternoon,
when the old battleships were sent close in. They apparently
kept their men in shelters until the desired moment.

Bad weather prevented a renewal until the 26th February,
and then there was this difference. Fort No. i opened fire
on Agamemnon at 10,000 yards as soon as that ship was in
position, and hit her several times. This fort maintained its
fire with great perseverance against Queen Elizabeth, Aga-
memnon, and Gaulois, until the former ship by hitting with
two consecutive 15-inch projectiles dismounted one gun and
put the other out of action, and effectually silenced the fort ;
the surviving personnel quickly made their way down to the
neighbouring village.

On the same day the accurate fire of Irresistible on fort
No. 4 prevented its two 94-inch guns taking any part in the
proceedings. When the ships closed in forts No. 3 and 6
fired a few ineffective rounds.

Although a heavy and prolonged fire at short range was
poured into these forts, 70 per cent, of the heavy guns were
found to be in a serviceable condition when the demolition
parties landed.

The destruction of the guns in fort No. 3 by Irresistible,
and in Nos. 4 and 6 by Vengeance, was most smartly and
effectively carried out on the 26th February and the ist March
by demolition parties from those ships, which were ably
supported by -their detachments of Royal Marines.

In this service the following officers are specially and
strongly recommended : —

Major G. M. Heriot, D.S.O., R.M.L.I., Vengeance.

Lieutenant-Commander (T.) E. G. Robinson, Vengeance.
Lieutenant (T.) F. H. Sandford, Irresistible.

The two latter officers are further very strongly recom-
mended for their conduct in the sweeping operations.

I was present in Inflexible close off Kum Kale on the 4th
March and witnessed the landing operations, which were under
the immediate direction of Rear-Admiral de Robeck and
Brigadier-General Trotman, both of whom were on board
Irresistible in the entrance of the Straits. I consider the

. DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

operations were correctly conducted, and that everything
possible under the circumstances was done.

The skilful manner in which Wolverine (Commander
O. J. Prentis) and Scorpion (Lieutenant-Commander A. B.
Cunningham) ran close inshore after dark, and sent whalers
ashore to bring off the remaining officers and men, is highly
commended.

I desire specially to endorse recommendations made by
the Rear- Admiral and Brigadier-General on the conduct of
Lieutenant-Colonel G. E. Matthews, R. M.L.I., and also of
Major A. E. Bewes, R.M.L.I.

Four Maxim guns, which had been left on Kum Kale Pier,
were recovered by volunteers from Agamemnon — a smart and
plucky piece of work.

The sweeping operations by night between the I2th and
I5th March were conducted with great gallantry under heavy
fire, and, though not completely successful, I consider the
officers and men are deserving of great praise for their
efforts.

It is regretted that a complete list of those who volunteered
for this dangerous duty was lost in Ocean, but a further list
is being prepared and will be submitted as soon as possible.

The attempt made on the night I3th-i4th March was most
determined, and I desire to bring particularly to the notice
of their Lordships the following names : —

Commander W. Mellor, in charge of mine-sweepers.

Lieutenant-Commander J. B. Waterlow, Blenheim.

Lieutenant-Commander J. R. Middleton, Albion.

Lieutenant-Commander E. G. Robinson, Vengeance.

Lieutenant-Commander G. B. Palmes, Egmont.

Lieutenant F. H. Sandford, Irresistible.

Lieutenant B. T. Cox, R.N.R., Prince George.

Acting-boatswain R. G. Young, Cornwallis.

Midshipman J. C. W. Price, Ocean.

Captain of trawler 318.

The six officers first mentioned carried out these duties
on several nights, and I desire to submit that they may be
awarded the highest decoration suitable for their rank and
seniority, and that Commander Mellor and Lieutenant-
Commander Waterlow be promoted now.

In connection with the operation of the night I3th-i4th

1X2

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

March I desire also to bring to their Lordships' notice the name
of Commander G. J. Todd, Amethyst.

Amethyst was hit several times by large projectiles, and
had her steering-gear and engine-room telegraphs put out of
action. Arrangements were quickly made to man the hand-
steering wheel, and improvise engine-room communications.
Both during and after the action Commander Todd was very
ably assisted by Lieutenant James C. J. Soutter, Senior
Lieutenant of Amethyst, who was indefatigable in his efforts.

The services rendered by the Destroyer Flotilla during all
this period have fully maintained the high traditions of that
branch of the service, their boldness in action and untiring
devotion to duty are worthy of the highest praise.

I beg to call special attention to the excellent work done
by the French squadron on every occasion that they have
been called upon, and also to the cordial good feeling which
prevails in the Allied Fleet, due so much to the personality
of that dashing and courteous officer, Contre-Amiral E. P. A.
Guepratte.

I consider it a special duty to call attention to the excellent
work done by Malta Dockyard, under Vice- Admiral A. H.
Limpus, C.B., in supplying every need of the large force off
the Dardanelles in addition to the main French Fleet. Com-
manding officers speak most highly of the great assistance
rendered to them on all occasions at Malta, and the rapidity
with which work is done, which shows that the principle that
the dockyard exists for the benefit of ships is fully understood
and acted upon.

The conduct and ability of the commanding officers has
been of a high order.

The behaviour of officers and men on all occasions has
been most admirable, and in every way as could be expected.

In closing the report on this stage of the operations I wish
especially to bring to the notice of their Lordships the splendid
work done by Rear- Admiral J. M. de Robeck, and the great
assistance I have received from him, together with the valuable
services of Commodore R. J. B. Keyes, C.B., M.V.O., Flag
Commander Hon. A. R. M. Ramsay and Captain W. W. God-
frey, R.M.L.I., War Staff.— I have, etc.,

S. H. GARDEN, Vice-Admiral.

The Secretary the Admiralty.

NAVAL 4 H 113

Distances in Se: Miles from
entrance of Dardanelles - (5)
Soundings in fathoms
Heights in Feet

GALLIPOLI AND THE DARDANELLES

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ENCLOSURE

NARRATIVE OF EVENTS, DARDANELLES, FEBRUARY 19 TO

MARCH 16, 1915

The attack on the defences of the Dardanelles commenced
on the igth February 1915.

Air reconnaissance on the lyth, i8th, and A.M. igth con-
firmed information in our possession with regard to forts
Nos. i, 3, 4, and 6, except that an additional gun was shown
in eastern bastion of fort No. 6.

Seaplanes also reported that some minor earthworks and
trenches appeared to have been extensively prepared for the
defence of possible landing places.

The following ships took part in the operations of the
igth February : —

Suffren (Flag of Contre-Amiral Guepratte).

Bouvet.

Triumph.

Cornwallis.

Inflexible (flag of Vice- Admiral).

Albion.

The Gaulois acted in support of Suffren, while Amethyst
supported Albion.

Seven British mine-sweepers were employed with Albion.

The Vengeance (flag of Rear- Admiral de Robeck) was
ordered to take station as convenient to observe the fire of
her division.

4.30 P.M. Queen Elizabeth arrived with Agamemnon, the
latter taking part at the end of the day.

February 19.

9.51 A.M. — Cornwallis fired first shot on fort No. 4.

10. — Triumph opened fire on fort No. i.

10.32. — Suffren opened on fort No. 6.

10.38. — Ships were ordered to anchor with a view to
improving the practice.

ii. — The Vengeance and Cornwallis were ordered to ex-
change positions; Cornwallis owing to a defective capstan,
being unable to anchor in deep water.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

11.25. — Cornwallis was ordered to spot for Triumph and
for Inflexible if required.

11.45. — Inflexible opened on fort No. i, which was hard to
distinguish, but practice appeared good.

0.14 P.M. — Vengeance opened fire on fort No. 4 — practice
was very good — her third shot appeared to hit close to northern
embrasure.

0.30. — Triumph was ordered to cease fire, as she was unable
to hit fort No. i.

Suffren, at this time, was making excellent practice against
fort No. 6, firing by indirect laying, with Bouvet spotting.

0.52. — Triumph was ordered to open fire with light guns
on men showing signs of activity in a field-work 2 miles north
of Cape Tekeh.

0.55. — A seaplane was ordered up to spot for Vengeance,
but, owing to wireless troubles in seaplane, no results were
obtained.

i. — Inflexible opened fire on fort No. 3, making good practice.

1.56. — It was now considered that the effect produced by
the bombardment at long range was great enough to allow of
ships approaching nearer to the forts, and signal was made
accordingly.

2.12. — Suffren and Triwftiph were ordered to commence
their operations, the Triumph being ordered to engage the
position of the new battery of Cape Tekeh only.

3.53. — Cornwallis was ordered to close fort No. i 'on present
line of bearing/ and open fire when certain of position.

4.10. — There still being no reply from the forts, Vengeance
and Cornwallis were ordered to close and destroy forts.

Forts Nos. 3 and 6 were heavily bombarded by Vengeance
and Cornwallis, assisted by Suffren. Vengeance engaged fort
No. 4 with her secondary armament, while Cornwallis did the
same to fort No. i.

4.40. — Suffren was directed to close the forts.

4.45. — At the same time 'Cease fire, examine forts/ was
signalled to Vengeance.

Fort No. i opened fire on Vengeance and Cornwallis, and
shortly after fort No. 4 also opened fire.

Vengeance and Cornwallis, assisted by Bouvet, engaged
and silenced fort No. i. Fort No. 4 being left unfired at, both
inshore ships were unaware that she had opened fire.
116

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

5. — Inflexible opened fire on fort No. 4, with the immediate
effect of causing her fire to suffer in accuracy.

5.08. — Gaulois also opened fire on this fort.

Agamemnon was ordered to support Vengeance.

5.09. — The ' General recall ' was made — Vengeance requested
permission to continue the action ; this was not approved, as
the light looking towards the land was becoming bad, while
ships showed up well against western sky.

5.30. — Cease firing was ordered and the squadron withdrew.

7. — Albion reported 'No mines or guns encountered — area
has been swept/

The result of the day's action showed apparently, that the
effect of long-range bombardment by direct fire on modern
earthwork forts is slight ; forts Nos. i and 4 appeared to be
hit, on many occasions, by 12-inch common shell well placed,
but when the ships closed in all four guns in these forts opened
fire.

From February 20 to 24.

From the 2Oth to 24th February, inclusive, the weather
was too rough to continue operations, and no reconnaissance
by seaplanes was possible.

February 25.

The weather being favourable, operations were resumed.
No seaplanes took part — the sea being too rough for them to
rise off the water.

The following ships took part : —

Inflexible, Vengeance, Agamemnon, Queen Elizabeth,
Albion, Cornwallis, Irresistible, Triumph, Suffren, Gaulois,
Bouvet, Charlemagne, and Dublin, with eight destroyers
and two submarines.

Ships were in position to commence the long-range bom-
bardment by 10 A.M. — the destroyers forming a screen to
seaward of the battleships.

10.7 A.M. — Agamemnon reported range obtained of fort
No. i.

10.14. — Queen Elizabeth opened fire on fort {No. 3.

10.16. — Fort No. i opened fire on Agamemnon, range
10,000 yards.

117

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

10.18. — Gaulois opened fire on fort No. 6.

10.22. — Agamemnon opened fire on fort No. i.

10.27. — Irresistible opened fire on fort No. 4.

IO-33- — F°rt No. i seemed to be getting the range of
Agamemnon, who was ordered to weigh and proceed farther
out- — Queen Elizabeth being ordered to fire on fort No. i.

Between 10.34 and IO-43- Agamemnon was hit seven
times, but as the shells did not detonate it was not realised
she had been struck ; directly Agamemnon had good way on
fort No. i lost the range.

10.44. — Fort No. i opened an accurate fire on Gaulois,
who immediately replied to it from all her guns, this probably
accounted for the fact that she was able to weigh and proceed
farther out without the fort scoring a single hit.

10.45. — Queen Elizabeth opened fire on fort No. i, and
Dublin was observed firing at a gun near Yeni Shehr.

10.55. — Irresistible reported she obtained range of fort
No. 4, she was ordered to continue slow firing. She opened
a very deliberate, accurate fire on the fort, which kept silent
practically all day.

11.30. — Gaulois was making excellent practice on fort 6.

11.47. — Fort No. i was still firing at Agamemnon and
Gaulois, but shots were going short — its extreme range
appeared to be about 11,000 yards.

Noon. — Queen Elizabeth, whose shooting had been ex-
tremely accurate, appeared to drop a shell right into fort
No. i, and at 0.02 P.M. she reported eastern gun dis-
mounted.

0.15 P.M. — Irresistible reported she thought her tenth round
had damaged northern gun of fort No. 4.

Vengeance and Cornwallis were ordered to prepare for
run i, which was commenced at 12.45 P.M., with all covering
ships firing deliberately on their allotted forts.

0.50. — Queen Elizabeth reported she had hit the western
gun of fort No. i. Agamemnon also claimed to have hit this
gun at 12.55 P-M- Agamemnon at this time was fifing on fort
No. i. Inflexible engaging fort No. 3.

0.55. — Vengeance and Cornwallis opened fire, concentrating
chiefly on forts i and 4. Forts 3 and 6 both opened fire, but
their practice was poor, and few rounds were fired. Forts
I and 4 did not fire during the run.
118

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

By 1.22 Vengeance and Cornwallis had completed run i,
and all ships checked fire.

1.50. — Rear- Admiral, Vengeance, reported ' No. i battery
west gun pointing in the air, right gun not visible, battery
not manned. No. 3 fired at Vengeance — apparently using
black powder — three guns are visible on south-west face.
No. 4, both guns laid horizontal, battery not manned, one
round was fired from western gun. . . .'

2.5. — Centre- Amiral, Suffren, was directed to commence
run 2, and given the following directions : ' Battery No. i
out of action, battery No. 4 was not manned, concentrate
your fire on 3, 4, and 6, especially 4.'

Run 2 was carried out most deliberately, Suffren being
about 3000 yards ahead of Charlemagne — both ships made
excellent practice — the only round fired at them was from
fort No. 6.

The run was completed at 3 P.M.

Covering ships fired very few rounds during this run ; it
was evident that forts were silenced.

3.5. — Mine-sweepers were ordered to close the entrance,
and carry out sweeping operations laid down.

Albion and Triumph were ordered to prepare to close forts
to 2000 yards of southern and northern shore respectively,
keeping way on and carrying out destruction of guns still
intact.

Rear- Admiral in Vengeance being directed to follow them
to direct operations.

While Albion and Triumph were attempting to destroy the
guns of forts i and 6 at close range, fort No. 4 apparently
fired one round from her northernmost gun. The fort was
immediately engaged by Albion and Irresistible. Forts i
and 6 also appeared to fire one round each. These were the
last rounds fired at the ships.

Concealed guns of apparently 6" calibre fired from positions
i mile north-east of Cape Tekeh, and from behind northern
end of Yeni Shehr village. These guns did no damage,
though Gaulois was struck three times on the armour.

Albion, when off Kum Kale, reported two explosions,
probably light ground mines ; these occurred about 100
yards ahead of the ship, and did no damage.

By 4 P.M. the forts were reduced, and the mine-sweepers

119

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

were ordered to enter and commence sweeping. Vengeance,
Albion, and Triumph, with six destroyers, covered these
operations.

The remainder of the fleet returning to Tenedos during
the night of the 25th-26th, mine-sweepers swept the entrance ;
they found no mines. The enemy were reported as burning
the villages at entrance.

February 26.

Albion, Triumph, and Majestic entered Straits between
8 A.M. and 9 A.M., and shelled forts 3 and 6 from inside
entrance, also firing station below De Totts' battery.

Albion, preceded by sweepers, proceeded to a position
12,000 yards from fort 8, from which position fire was opened
on that fort. Majestic supported Albion; these two ships
being under fire from field guns and howitzers from Asiatic
shore, ships remained under way ; enemy scored one hit on
Majestic.

Jed and Chelmer reconnoitred northern and southern
shores during forenoon as far up as the line White Cliffs—
Suandere, both ships being engaged with the enemy's light
batteries ; they sank some large range buoys, and located
several batteries.

Vengeance, from outside Straits, was engaged bombarding
position on Asiatic shore near Achilles' Tomb.

At 2.30 P.M., the enemy apparently having abandoned
Kum Kale and Sedd-el-Bahr, the opportunity was seized to
land demolition parties on both sides — from Vengeance at
Kum Kale, and Irresistible at Sedd-el-Bahr. Parties being
covered by the guns of Vengeance, Irresistible, Cornwallis,
Dublin, and Racoon, forts 3, 4, and 6 were entered and
demolitions carried out, and two new 4" guns concealed near
Achilles' Tomb were destroyed, but owing to lateness of the
landing it was impossible to verify results. Both parties
encountered slight opposition, the enemy being in some force
in Sedd-el-Bahr prevented fort 7 being reached.

On night of the 26th-2yth mine-sweepers entered straits
to continue sweeping in lower area, being covered by Colne,
Jed, and Kennet, who engaged enemy's batteries and sank
more range buoys.

Seaplanes carried out reconnaissances inside Straits in

120

I DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

order to locate batteries, etc. Amongst other details they
reported battery 8 now contains eight guns. Many positions
for guns have been prepared on both shores.

February 27.

Weather broke, north-easterly gale, much rain with low
visibility. Operations inside the Straits much impeded,
small progress made.

February 28.

Heavy north-easterly gale. Operations confined to watch-
ing the Straits.

March i.

Gale having moderated, operations inside Straits were
resumed.

The following battleships entered Straits to engage
howitzers and field batteries : — Vengeance, Ocean, Albion,
Triumph, Irresistible, and Majestic.

Fort 8 and battery at White Cliffs were engaged by Albion
and Triumph, Ocean and Majestic meanwhile engaging guns
near Erenkioi village and on European shore. These proved
extremely hard to locate, and when seen great difficulty was
experienced in obtaining points of aim, the guns being well
concealed.

The action was discontinued at 5 P.M. Ocean, Albion, and
Triumph were each hit on several occasions by projectiles of
6-inch calibre and below without suffering any serious
damage.

Demolition party from Irresistible landed at Sedd-el-Bahr
and completed demolition of fort 6.

The party was attacked during the operation. The fire
from covering ships and destroyers in Morto Bay, however,
was sufficient to disperse enemy.

During the night of ist-2nd March mine-sweepers entered
and swept to within 3000 yards of Kephez Point. They were
covered by destroyers. When abreast of Suandere River
batteries opened fire and sweepers retired, destroyers covering
withdrawal.

No vessels were hit.

121

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

March 2.

Canopus, Swiftsure, and Cornwallis entered the Straits
and engaged forts Nos. 8 and 7, also field guns.

Garrison of fort No. 8 were forced to withdraw, but
material damage to fort could not be determined.

Howitzers and concealed field guns opened a heavy fire,
which could not be silenced. All ships were hit on several
occasions, suffering some material damage.

An observation mine exploded ineffectively ahead of
Canopus.

On the ist-2nd March the French squadron reconnoitred
the Gulf of Xeros, bombarding the forts and earthworks of
the Bulair lines and the bridge over Kavak. French mine-
sweepers swept along the coast. They discovered no mines.

The landing-places in the Gulf of Xeros were also reported
on.

Destroyers and mine-sweepers continued the attack on
the Kephez mine-field, but made no progress in the face of
heavy fire.

March 3.

Weather in the morning unfavourable — foggy.

In the afternoon Albion, Prince George, Triumph continued
the attack on forts 7 and 8 and field batteries. These latter
were not so active as on former days.

Sweeping operations continued at night, covered by
destroyers. Slight progress was made.

Seaplanes carried out useful reconnaissance, without, how-
ever, being able to locate batteries firing at the ships.

March 4.

It being uncertain whether forts Nos. I and 4 were abso-
lutely destroyed, demolition parties were ordered to land and
complete the destruction, being covered by a landing party
of the Royal Marine Brigade, one company of 250 men
each side.

This landing had been postponed for several days, on
account of the weather.

Seaplanes reconnoitred the vicinity of forts and villages
near them in the morning, and reported no movement of
troops.
122

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

At 10 A.M. parties landed at Sedd-el-Bahr and Kum Kale.

Both parties met with opposition. At Sedd-el-Bahr no
progress could be made, and the party withdrew at 3 P.M.

At Kum Kale an attempt was made to reach fort No. 4,
but without success, the enemy being in some force in well-
concealed trenches. Great difficulty was experienced in with-
drawing the advanced party, the enemy gaining possession of
a cemetery near Mendere Bridge, commanding the ground
over which the party had to fall back, and which could not be
shelled by the ships, as our troops were between the cemetery
and the ships.

Seaplanes attempted to locate the enemy's trenches without
success, descending to 2000 feet in their efforts to distinguish
the positions ; one seaplane was hit twenty-eight times and
another eight times.

It was not till the destroyers were sent close in to shell
the trenches that the retirement could be carried out.

After sunset Scorpion and Wolverine ran in and landed
parties, under fire, to search the beach from Kum Kale to
the cliffs below fort No. 4. The former brought off two
officers and five men, who had been unable to reach the
boats.

March 5.

The attack on the forts at the Narrows commenced by
indirect bombardment by Queen Elizabeth.

Three seaplanes were sent up to spot for fall of shot.
One met with an accident, and the second was forced to return
on account of her pilot being wounded by a rifle bullet ; in
consequence, they were not of assistance in the firing.

Queen Elizabeth was under fire from field guns, being
struck on many occasions, without, however, suffering any
great material damage.

March 6.

Indirect attack by Queen Elizabeth continued.

Vengeance, inside the Straits, spotted for Queen Elizabeth.
Albion, Majestic, Prince George, and Suffren engaged forts
No. 7, 8, and 13, with what result could not be discovered.

At night Amethyst, with destroyers and mine-sweepers in
company, proceeded inside Dardanelles to attack the Kephez

123

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

mine-field. Some progress was made, but, as on former
occasions, gunfire drove the mine-sweepers out of the mined
area.

Between the 3rd and 6th March Sapphire was engaged in
the neighbourhood of Mitylene in destroying telegraph
stations, etc.

March 7.

French squadron, consisting of Suffren, Gaulois, Charle-
magne, and Bouvet, entered the Straits and engaged forts
Nos. 7 and 8.

Later Agamemnon and Lord Nelson attacked the forts at
the Narrows by direct fire from ranges between 14,000 and
12,000 yards. After a severe engagement, during which
both ships were hit by heavy projectiles, forts Nos. 13 and 19
were silenced. During this attack the French battleships
kept down the fire from howitzers and field guns.

Dublin at Bulair was engaged with a shore battery.

During the night of the 7th-8th March destroyers attacked
the searchlights at Kephez, but without result, the lights
being extinguished temporarily, but invariably reappearing.

March 8.

Queen Elizabeth entered the Straits to continue the attack
on the Narrows by direct fire. Conditions became vmfavour-
able for spotting, and little was accomplished.

Weather was too misty for seaplanes to do any spotting.

Attack on mine-field was continued at night with mine-
sweepers and picket boats. Batteries opened fire.

March 9.

Albion, Prince George, and Irresistible entered the Straits
and made a thorough search for boats, etc., and shelled look-
out stations. The weather was misty throughout the day.

At night picket boats covered by destroyers attacked the
Kephez mine-field with explosive creeps.

March 10.

Irresistible, Dublin, and Ark Royal off Bulair. The former
bombarded the enemy's positions when guns had been located.
The seaplanes were unable to fly owing to the rough weather.
124

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Ocean and Albion bombarded light gun battery in Morto
Bay, also villages and positions near entrance.

After nightfall seven sweepers, attended by picket boats
fitted with explosive creeps, supported by destroyers Ame-
thyst and Canopus, entered the Straits. The latter opened
fire on the batteries and searchlights protecting the mine-
field off Kephez Point, but was unable to extinguish the
lights. The vessels were subjected to a heavy fire from guns
of and below 6-inch calibre.

Sweepers and picket boats succeeded in getting above the
mine-field with the object of sweeping down with the current.
Picket boats destroyed several cables, but* only one pair of
sweepers got out their sweep and little was effected. Two
trawlers were hit by 6-inch projectiles.

Trawler No. 339 was sunk by a mine.

March n.

Seaplanes carried out reconnaissance for the ships operating
off Bulair.

Ships inside the Straits engaged in watching both shores.

Operations against the Narrows delayed by failure to
clear the mine-field.

Attack on the mine-field at night failed owing to the
sweepers refusing to face the heavy fire opened by batteries
on them and the covering destroyers.

March n.

Daylight operations at a standstill. Weather misty.

French mine-sweepers attacked the mine-field at night
with no success, being driven off by heavy fire.

Aerial reconnaissance reported a line of mines near the
surface extending from Suandere Bay in an E.S.E. direction.
These were examined by a sweeper and picket boats which
attacked the line with creeps and explosive sweeps. The
line subsequently turned out to be an obstruction consisting
of empty observation mines moored by chain cables and
connected by a wire hawser. The latter apparently had a
hemp netting suspended from it. It was evidently an anti-
submarine obstruction.

March 13.

A determined attack on the mine-field was made on the

125

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

night of the I3th March, volunteer officers and men being in
each trawler.

The plan of attack was similar to that on the loth, it being
very essential for the sweepers to get above the mine-field
before getting out their sweeps, as they can make no progress
against the current.

Amethyst and destroyers covered the operations, which
commenced with a bombardment of the lights and batteries
by Cornwallis.

The defence of the mine-field was well organised, and
sweepers and picket boats had to pass through an area lit
by six powerful searchlights, under fire from fort No. 13 and
batteries Nos. 7 and 8, besides numerous light guns estimated
at twenty to thirty on either shore.

The passage was accomplished, but on reaching the turn-
ing point only one pair of trawlers was able to get out the
sweep owing to damage to winches and gear, and loss of
personnel.

Picket boats did excellent service in blowing up cables
with explosive creeps.

Amethyst drew the fire of the batteries at a critical period,
and suffered severely.

March 14, 15, and 16.

Mine-sweepers engaged in clearing up area inside the
Straits in which ships would have to manoeuvre in their
combined attacks against the forts at the Narrows and the
mine- fields at Kephez.

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty communicates the follow-

March 20, ing account of the operations at the Dardanelles on
March 18 :-

Mine-sweeping having been in progress during the last
ten days inside the Straits, a general attack was delivered by
the British and French Fleets yesterday morning upon the
fortresses at the Narrows of the Dardanelles. At 10.45 A.M.
Queen Elizabeth, Inflexible, Agamemnon, Lord Nelson bom-
barded forts J, L, T, U, and V, while Triumph and Prince
George fired at batteries F, E, and H. A heavy fire was opened
on the ships from howitzers and field guns.

At 12.22 the French squadron, consisting of Suffren,
126

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Gaulois, Charlemagne, and Bouvet, advanced up the Dardan-
elles and engaged the forts at closer range. Forts J, U, F,
and E replied strongly. Their fire was silenced by the ten
battleships inside the Straits, all the ships being hit several
times during this part of the action.

By 1.25 P.M. all forts had ceased firing. Vengeance,
Irresistible, Albion, Ocean, Swiftsure, and Majestic then ad-
vanced to relieve the six old battleships inside the Straits.

As the French squadron which had engaged the forts in
the most brilliant fashion was passing out, Bouvet was blown
up by a drifting mine and sank in 36 fathoms north of Eren-
kioi village in less than three minutes.

At 2.36 P.M., the relief battleships renewed the attack on
the forts, which again opened fire. The attack on the forts
was maintained while the operations of the mine-sweepers
continued.

At 4.9 Irresistible quitted the line listing heavily ; and at
5.50 she sank, having probably struck a drifting mine. At
6.5 Ocean, also having struck a mine, both vessels sank in
deep water, practically the whole of the crews having been
removed safely under a hot fire.

The Gaulois was damaged by gun fire. Inflexible had her
forward control position hit by a heavy shell, and requires
repair.

The bombardment of the forts and the mine-sweeping
operations terminated when darkness fell. The damage to
the forts effected by the prolonged direct fire of the very
powerful forces employed cannot yet be estimated, and a
further report will follow.

The losses of ships were caused by mines drifting with
the current which were encountered in areas hitherto swept
clear, and this danger will require special treatment.

The British casualties in personnel are not heavy con-
sidering the scale of the operations ; but practically the
whole of the crew of the Bouvet were lost with the ship, an
internal explosion having apparently supervened on the
explosion of the mine.

The Queen and Implacable, who were despatched from
England to replace ships' casualties in anticipation of this
operation, are due to arrive immediately, thus bringing the
British Fleet up to its original strength. The operations are

127

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

continuing, ample naval and military forces being available
on the spot.

On the i6th inst. Vice-Admiral Garden, who has been
incapacitated by illness, was succeeded in the chief command
by Rear- Admiral John Michael de Robeck, with acting rank
of Vice- Admiral.

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

March 22, announcement :

1915- Unfavourable weather has interrupted the operations in

the Dardanelles, and, as seaplane reconnaissance has not been
possible, the amount of damage done to the forts by the
bombardment of the i8th cannot be ascertained. No great
expectations should, however, be based on this, as owing to
the losses caused by drifting mines the attack was not pressed
to its conclusion on that day. The power of the Fleet to
dominate the fortresses by superiority of fire seems to be
established.

Various other dangers and difficulties have to be en-
countered, but nothing has happened which justifies the belief
that the cost of the undertaking will exceed what has always
been expected and provided^for.

The British casualties in personnel are sixty-one killed,
wounded, and missing.

Admiral de Robeck has telegraphed to the Admiralty :

' I desire to bring to the notice of their Lordships the

splendid behaviour of the French Squadron. Their heavy

loss leaves them quite undaunted. They were led into close

action by Rear- Admiral Guepratte with the greatest gallantry/

In the course of the operations in the Dardanelles on
March 27, March 18, the Allied naval forces had to endure a very intense
1915- fire, and some vessels struck floating mines in the Narrows.

The French and British ironclads violently bombarded the
forts of Kilid-Bahr, of Tchanak-Keleshi, of Suandere, of
Dardanos and of Kephez Point. The results obtained
during this day of fierce combat have cost serious losses.
The Bouvet was sunk by the explosion of a mine ; the Gaulois
is temporarily out of action as the result of injuries caused
128

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

by the enemy's fire. The British fleet has suffered equally ;
two of its ironclads were sunk by mines. Their losses,
painful though they are, will not arrest the progress of the
operations. As soon as news was received of the accident
to the Bouvet the Minister of Marine telegraphed to the
Henri IV., which was on the coast of Syria, to take her place.
The reports which have reached the Minister show the brilliant
part which the French division took in the conflict. It was
our battleships which had the honour of attacking the forts
of the Narrows at close range. The vigour they displayed
was greatly appreciated by the British sailors. The tele-
graphic account sent by Vice-Admiral Guepratte says that
the honour of the flag was fully upheld, although it was
dearly bought by the loss of the Bouvet. The number of
survivors from the vessel is sixty-six, of whom five are officers.
The number of killed and wounded among the other vessels
engaged is very small. The Minister of Marine has sent the
congratulations of the Government of the Republic to Vice-
Admiral Guepratte, and the officers and men of the fleet.
Since March 18 unfavourable weather has caused a suspen-
sion of the operations.

It was after ten days employed in the destruction of the c.O.,
mines at the entrance to the Dardanelles, that the Allied March
Fleets proceeded on March 18 to a general attack on the I9I5-
forts in the Narrows at Chanak. At 10.45 A.M. the Queen
Elizabeth, the Inflexible, the Agamemnon, and the Lord Nelson
bombarded the forts Tekeh, Namazieh, and Hamidieh, while
the Triumph and the Prince George engaged the batteries of
Suandere, of Dardanos and of Kephez Point. The Turkish
howitzers and field guns opened a violent fire on the ships.
At 12. 20 the French division, composed of the Suffren, the
Gaulois, the Charlemagne, and the Bouvet, advanced and
engaged the forts at close range. Kilid-Bahr and Hamidieh
replied at first with vigour, but their fire was gradually sup-
pressed by that of the ten ironclads, which were all more or
less engaged during this phase of the action. By 1.25 A.M.
all the forts had been reduced to silence. The Vengeance,
the Inflexible, the Albion, the Vulcan, the Swiftsure, and the
Majestic, then advanced to relieve the six British ironclads
previously engaged. As the French division was leaving
NAVAL 4 i 129

Times,
March 20,

K.V.,
March 18,

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the Narrows, after a brilliant engagement at close quarters,
the Bouvet struck a floating mine. A formidable explosion
ensued, and the vessel sank in three minutes to the north-
ward of Erenkioi. At 2.35 the relieving ironclads reopened
the attack on the forts, which now resumed firing. At 4.10
the Irresistible struck a mine and listed heavily. At 5.50
she sank in deep water. At 6.5 the Ocean also struck a mine
and sank. Nearly the whole of the crews of these two vessels
were saved. Unhappily this was not the case with the
Bouvet, which sank quite suddenly. The Gaulois and the
Inflexible were injured by the enemy's fire. The bombard-
ment and the mine-sweeping operations ceased as the night
fell. During the following days bad weather prevented our
aircraft ascertaining the damage done by the bombardment
to the enemy's works. The ironclads Queen, and Implacable
have left England to take the place of the ironclads which
were sunk. On the part of the French the Henri IV., which
was stationed off the coast of Syria, has been ordered to
proceed to the Dardanelles, where she will take the place of
the Bouvet, while the Jaureguiberry will temporarily take
the place of the Gaulois. Admiral de Robeck, who has suc-
ceeded Admiral Garden in command of the British fleet
engaged in the operations, lias telegraphed to the Admiralty
as follows :

[For text of Admiral de Robeck's telegram, see p. 128.]

Petrograd, March 19.

It is officially confirmed that the Russian squadron has
approached the north part of the Bosphorus, and that its
arrival has caused a great panic in Constantinople. — Renter.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Early yesterday a portion of our
fleet bombarded the wharf and practice ground for torpedo
boats west of Theodosia in the Crimea and set it on fire.
Early to-day the enemy fleet opened a violent fire against the
Dardanelles forts, which replied successfully. At 2 o'clock in
the afternoon the French armoured ship Bouvet was sunk.

130

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : To-day at 11.30 in the forenoon ibid.
fourteen enemy armoured ships opened fire against the
Dardanelles batteries. At three o'clock in the afternoon a
part of the armoured ships withdrew beyond reach of our
fire. Eight armoured ships continued the bombardment until
5 o'clock at very long intervals. In addition to the French
ironclad Bouvet an enemy torpedo-boat was sunk. An English
armoured ship of the Irresistible class was put out of action,
another of the Cornwallis class was damaged and compelled to
retire from the fighting line.

Constantinople.

The report already published by the Milli Agency, of the K.V.,
destruction of the English line-of-battle ships Irresistible and March
Africa, is now confirmed by the Turkish headquarters, which I915*
report as follows on the matter : The English line-of-battle
ships Irresistible and Africa, which were reported yesterday as
being seriously damaged, were sunk at midnight by fire from
the batteries.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Yesterday at 11.30 in the forenoon ibid.
the enemy fleet composed of sixteen armoured ships, among
which were four French ships, three cruisers, and several
torpedo-boat destroyers, opened fire against the forts of the
Straits. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon a part of the enemy
fleet withdrew beyond reach of the fire of our batteries. Eight
armoured ships continued the bombardment at long intervals
until 6 o'clock, when they ceased firing and retired. Besides
the French ironclad Bouvet, an enemy torpedo-boat was sunk.
An English armoured ship of the Irresistible class was seriously
damaged, and took such a heavy list to port that her guns
appeared to be dipping in the water. The ship was incapable
of carrying out any manoeuvre whatever. Another ironclad,
the Africa, was likewise damaged, heeled on one side, and
withdrew with great difficulty. The damage caused by our
fire, some of which also hit other ships, could not be
ascertained. The stiff fight, which lasted seven hours, ended
in the victory of our forts. With exception of slight injury to
a few of our earthworks, we suffered no damage.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

K.V., Headquarters reports that complete quiet reigned to-day

March 20, in the Dardanelles and confirms the reports of the correspondent

I9I5- of the Milli Agency concerning the destruction of the English

armoured ships Irresistible and Africa and the damage to

another armoured ship, as will as the destruction of an enemy

torpedo boat. The material damage caused to the forts is

very slight. Our batteries are constantly ready for action.

The loss in men is unimportant.

The correspondent of the Milli Agency learns that the
enemy armoured ship which was being towed to Tenedos in a
damaged condition sank with her towship. The crew of the
ship was saved by other craft off Tenedos. The armoured ship
in question was French.

Constantinople.

ibid. Headquarters reports : From our observations it is estab-

lished with absolute certainty that during the battle in the
Dardanelles the French armoured ship Bouvet was struck by
two shells of large calibre before she went down. Five of
our shells hit the Queen Elizabeth and four the Inflexible. We
had only a long-range gun damaged on our side. Our loss
in men amounted to about twenty killed. To-day the enemy
made no attempt against the Dardanelles.

Letter from Vice-Admiral De Robeck

Queen Elizabeth, March 26, 1915.

SIR, — I have the honour to enclose a detailed narrative of
the operations in the Dardanelles on the i8th March 1915.

With regard to the general results of this attack, although
the principal forts remained silent for considerable intervals,
only a portion of their armaments can be considered disabled.
The tactics employed by the enemy when the bombardment
by the fleet becomes heavy are to desert their guns and retire
to bomb-proof shelters. When they consider a favourable
opportunity offered, they re-man the guns and open fire
again.
132

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

But taking into consideration the accuracy of fire of the
ships and the number of explosions which occurred in the
forts, both material and personnel must have suffered con-
siderably. Throughout the greater part of the day the
fleet appeared to have a marked advantage as regards gun-
fire, so much so that the mine-sweepers were called in at
2 P.M. Soon after they were inside it was, however, evident
from the amount of fire from howitzers and field guns that
they would not be able to proceed into the mine-field at
Kephez Point, and beyond sweeping in the area where Bouvet
sank the sweepers effected nothing.

Up to the time Bouvet was mined everything had proceeded
satisfactorily, the ships receiving little damage by the enemy's
gunfire, although the annoyance from concealed batteries
on both sides of the Straits was very great. It was evident
that some of these batteries were directing their fire on the
control positions of the ships. In this way the Inflexible lost
two very fine officers who were in her fore control, viz.,
Commander Rudolf H. C. Verner and Lieutenant Arthur
W. Blaker.

During the period the second division battleships Ocean,
Irresistible, Albion, and Vengeance were bombarding, the
situation again looked satisfactory.

Inflexible reported shortly after 4 P.M. that she had struck
a mine, and she was* ordered out of the Dardanelles. I submit
that it reflects great credit on Captain Phillimore and his
ship's company that Inflexible was able to reach shoal water
off Tenedos.

It was only after Wear had returned from Irresistible at 4.50
P.M. that it was realised that the latter had also struck a mine.
As soon as I was informed of this I ordered Ocean to take her
in tow. This was, however, impossible, as will be seen from
the reports of Ocean and Irresistible. It was also apparent
that the area in which the ships were operating was too
dangerous, and I therefore determined to withdraw the ' B '
(advance) line and break off the engagement. Whilst these
orders were being carried out Ocean was also struck by a
torpedo or mine.

Eventually the ships withdrew at dark, the destroyers
having taken off the ships' companies of both Ocean and
Irresistible.

i33

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The conduct of all ranks was reported to be excellent and
up to the best traditions of our Service. The saving of valu-
able lives by

Wear,
Colne,
Chelmer,
Jed, and
Kennet,

was a brilliant and gallant performance on their part. I
would submit the names of —

Captain Christopher P. Metcalfe, H.M.S. Wear, '
Commander Claude Seymour, H.M.S. Colne,
Lieutenant-Commander Hugh T. England, H.M.S. Chelmer,
Lieutenant-Commander George F. A. Mulock, H.M.S. Jed,

and
Lieutenant Charles E. S. Farrant, H.M.S. Kennet,

for their Lordships' favourable consideration ; and if I single
out one for specially meritorious service, it is Captain Chris-
topher P. Metcalfe, H.M.S. Wear, of whose conduct I cannot
speak too highly.

I would also bring to their Lordships' notice the excellent
conduct of the officers in charge of picket boats.

These young officers, who were under fire all day, performed
most valuable service.

I received every assistance from my staff.

The advice and initiative of my Chief of Staff, Commodore
Roger J. B. Keyes, was of the greatest value. He left in
Wear, shortly before 5.30 P.M., to see whether it was possible
to save Ocean or Irresistible, but their condition made it im-
practicable.

Though the squadron had to retire without accomplishing
its task, it was by no means a defeated force, and the with-
drawal was only necessitated owing to the mine menace, all
ranks being anxious to renew the attack.

As a result of this bombardment it is considered impera-
tive for success that the area in which ships are manoeuvring
shall be kept clear of mines, also that the mine-sweepers be
manned by naval ratings, who will be prepared to work under
heavy fire. In some cases their crews appear to have no
objection to being blown up by mines, though they do not
i34

] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

seem to like to work under gun-fire, which is a new element
in their calling.

A reorganisation of the mine-sweepers' personnel is com-
pleted, and they are now manned for the most part by naval
ranks and ratings. — I have, etc.

J. M. DE ROBECK,

Vice- Admiral.
The Secretary of the Admiralty.

ENCLOSURE

REPORT OF OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT BY THE ALLIED BRITISH
AND FRENCH FLEETS OFF THE DARDANELLES ON MARCH
17 AND 18, 1915

(All times are local, i.e., two hours fast on G.M.T.)

The attempts to clear the mine-field at Kephez Point during
the dark hours having failed, it became necessary to carry this
out by daylight.

The plan of operations was fully explained to captains of
ships on the i6th, and issued to them on the iyth March.

Sweeping operations against Kephez mine-field were sus-
pended during the nights of the I5th-i6th, i6th-i7th, and
I7th-i8th, trawlers during this time being employed in thor-
oughly sweeping the area in which the ships would have to
manoeuvre.

It was considered impracticable for ships to be at anchor
inside the Dardanelles, owing to the heavy howitzer fire which
can be brought to bear on them ; subject to the necessity of
occasionally moving, so as to throw off the enemy's fire, ships
remained stationary on the i8th, in order that the gun-fire
of the fleet might be as accurate as possible.

The morning of the i8th was fine, though it was at first
doubtful whether the direction of the wind — which was from
the south — would allow the operations to take place under
favourable conditions for spotting ; there was also a slight
haze over the land ; this, however, cleared, and the wind
having fallen the signal was made at 8.26 A.M. that operation
would be proceeded with, commencing at 10.30 A.M.

March 18.

At 8.15 A.M. the Commander of the British mine-sweepers

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

reported area between 8000 and 10,000 yards range was
traversed by sweepers on the night of the I7th-i8th without
result.

8.45. — Senior Officer of mine-sweepers reported that they
had swept as far as White Cliffs, ' eleven cutters showed signs
of working — no mines have been caught in the sweep/

8.50. — Signal was made to French Admiral that Vice-
Admiral did not wish him to approach nearer than 500 yards
to the position of the reported mines situated at S.E. of
Suandere Bay.

9.7. — It was reported that Mosquito had sunk three electric
mines, none of which exploded ; these were evidently empty
mine-cases which were used to form a boom defence below
Suandere Bay, and which had been broken up by our explo-
sive creeps.

9.10. — Destroyers, fitted with light sweep, were ordered to
sweep in ahead of the fleet.

10.30. — Ships reported — ' Ready for action ' — and Line ' A '
proceeded in the following order : —
Prince George (on port beam).
Agamemnon.
Lord Nelson.
Queen Elizabeth.
Inflexible.
Triumph (on starboard beam).

Destroyers with sweeps preceded Line ' A ' into the Dar-
danelles. Each battleship had one picket boat in attendance
on her to deal with floating mines, and Wear was also in attend-
ance on Queen Elizabeth.

Dartmouth was ordered to patrol the north coast of Gallipoli
to fire on any batteries she could locate, and which were firing
on the fleet inside the Straits.

Dublin demonstrated against Besika Bay and watched
Yeni Shehr.

ii. — Ships were engaging field guns and howitzers firing
from the Asiatic shore.

11.15. — Four steamers were observed in the middle of the
stream off Chanak ; these made off up the Straits about
fifteen minutes later.

11.25. — Queen Elizabeth opened fire on fort No. 19 ; Aga-
memnon, Lord Nelson, and Inflexible opening fire shortly
136

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

afterwards in the order named. All line ' A ' were firing by
11.36 A.M.

11.40. — Triumph was firing at fort No. 8 at a range of
10,400 yards.

Line ' A ' was now being subjected to a heavy fire from
howitzers and field guns. One battery of the former, using
four guns of about 6-inch calibre, which fell well together, was
particularly annoying. The forts also opened fire, but the
range, about 14,400 yards, was evidently too great for them,
and they fired only a few shots, none of which took effect.

11.50. — A big explosion was seen in fort No. 20, on which
Queen Elizabeth was now firing. Agamemnon and Lord Nelson
were apparently making good practice against forts Nos. 13
and 17.

About this time the fire from the heavy howitzers was less
intense, but there were still a large number of smaller guns
firing on ships of line ' A ' all of whom were struck several
times at this period.

0.6 P.M. — Suffren, Bouvet, Gaulois, Charlemagne (who formed
the first line ' B '), were ordered to pass through line * A ' and
engage the forts at closer range.

The wind at this time was blowing almost straight from
the ships to Chanak, making spotting difficult from aloft.

Suffren led the French Squadron through line ' A ' well
ahead of Bouvet, and by 0.32 P.M. she came under fire from,
and engaged the forts. Fort No. 13 was firing four guns, and
forts Nos. 19, 7 A, 9, and 8 all opened fire, and possibly 16 as
well.

The action now became general, both lines ' A ' and ' B '
engaging the forts, and, at the same time, the lighter batteries.

Fort No. 7A was very persistent, and seemed hard to hit.

0.47. — Agamemnon was being made the target for most
of the lighter guns. She turned 32 points, and the batteries
lost the range.

Inflexible was also under heavy fire, and a picket boat along-
side her was sunk.

0.52. — Some large projectiles were falling into the water
about 500 yards short of the line ' B.'

Forts Nos. 13, 19, 7 A, and 8 were all firing ; their practice
was good, chiefly directed against line ' B/ Prince George and
Triumph.

137

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

0.56. — Inflexible s fore bridge observed to be on fire,
blazing fiercely.

About this time a heavy explosion occurred in fort No. 13.

1.15. — Line ' B ' under a heavy fire, Suffren apparently
hit several times ; Fort No. 8 had now ceased firing.

1.25. — There was a slight lull in the firing, Lord Nelson,
however, being straddled by a 6-inch battery.

Gaulois and Charlemagne were making good practice on
forts Nos. 13 and 16.

1.25. — Inflexible quitted line to extinguish fire and clear
control top, which had been wrecked by a shell, and all per-
sonnel therein disabled.

1.38. — Seaplane reported Fort No. 16 firing ; 19 hit ; 17
hit but firing ; new battery at Kephez Point not manned ;
battery south of Suandere River firing.

1.43. — There was little firing ; mine-sweepers were ordered
to close. The French Squadron were ordered out of the
Straits, also Prince George and Triumph, the ships relieving
them being formed up just inside the Straits.

1.54. — Suffren leading line ' B ' out of Straits, with Bouvet
immediately astern. A large explosion occurred on the star-
board side of the latter, abaft the after-bridge, accompanied
by dense masses of reddish-black smoke. Bouvet capsized to
starboard and sank within two minutes of the first explosion.

From the Queen Elizabeth it appeared that the explosion
was not due to a mine, but possibly to a large projectile ; it
was also considered that a magazine explosion had occurred,
as she was previously observed to be on fire aft, and she sank
so rapidly ; there appears little doubt that her magazine blew
up, but whether it was exploded by a mine, gun-fire, or by an
internal fire, is not clear.

British boats were quickly on the scene, but the whole
episode occupied so short a time that few of the crew could
have reached the upper deck ; only sixty-six, were picked up.

Suffren stood by till all the survivors were picked up, the
remainder of her line proceeding out of harbour.

The enemy fired a few shells at the boats picking up sur-
vivors, without, however, obtaining any hits.

2,15. — Queen Elizabeth and Lord Nelson were practically
the only ships firing, the forts being silent. About this time
the enemy again opened fire with their 6-inch howitzer battery.
138

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

2.31. — Seaplane over forts at i P.M. reported troops at
Kephez Point. Forts Nos. 13, 16, 17, and 19 all manned and
firing ; Suandere also firing.

2.32. — New line ' B ' passed through line ' A ' to engage
forts at closer range. This line consisted of Vengeance, Irresis-
tible, Albion and Ocean, with Swiftsure and Majestic in support.

2.52. — Line 'B' was engaged with -forts, of which only
No. 19 was firing at all rapidly.

3.7. — Large explosion behind fort No. 13 ; from the
volume of smoke it appeared that an oil tank had been set
on fire.

3.14. — A heavy explosion was observed alongside Irresis-
tible, evidently a big shell.

All forts were now firing rapidly, but inaccurately.

Fort No. 19 apparently concentrating on Irresistible, Queen
Elizabeth in consequence opened salvo firing on it.

3.32. — Irresistible was observed to have slight list.

4.11. — Inflexible reported ' struck a mine ' ; she proceeded
out of the Straits.

4.14. — Irresistible apparently unable to move, and with a
noticeable list. Wear was ordered to close her and ascertain
what was the matter, signalling communication having broken
down.

Irresistible was ordered to proceed out of the Straits, if able
to do so, and Ocean to prepare to take Irresistible in tow.

Wear was seen to go alongside Irresistible, and subsequently
returned to Queen Elizabeth at 4.50 P.M. with 28 officers and
582 crew of Irresistible on board her. It was then ascertained
for the first time that Irresistible had struck a mine, both
engine-rooms being immediately flooded.

As the ship was helpless, her commanding officer decided
to remove a portion of the crew, retaining the executive officer
and ten volunteers to work wires, etc., should it be found
possible to take her in tow.

The operation of removing the crew was carried out in
a perfectly orderly manner, the ship being under fire the
whole time from forts Nos. 7 and 8 and batteries near
Erenkioi.

4.50. — When it was learnt that Irresistible had also struck
a mine, orders were given for line ' B ' to withdraw.

5.10. — Wear, having disembarked crew of Irresistible, was

139

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ordered to close Ocean and Irresistible, and direct the former
to withdraw if she was unable to take the latter in tow.

5.50. — Survivors on board Irresistible were removed to
Ocean, the captains of both ships being of opinion that it was
impracticable to take Irresistible in tow, she being bows on
to the Asiatic shore, listing badly, at right angles to the course
for going out, and there appearing to be insufficient room to
manoeuvre between her and the shore.

It was therefore determined to leave her till dark, when
an attempt would be made to tow her out with destroyers and
mine-sweepers, arrangements being meanwhile taken to tor-
pedo and sink her in deep water should there be any chance
of her grounding ; this was always a possibility, as she was
in the dead water off White Cliffs with a light breeze blowing
up the Straits.

Irresistible having been abandoned, it was decided, in view
of the unexpected mine menace, to abandon the mine-sweep-
ing of the Kephez mine-field, it being inadvisable to leave
heavy ships inside the Straits to cover the mine-sweepers.

6.5. — Ocean, while withdrawing, struck a mine and took
a quick list to starboard of about fifteen degrees.

At the same time a shell, striking the starboard side aft,
jambed the helm nearly hard~a-port.

The list becoming gradually greater, her commanding
officer determined to, disembark the crew : this was done in
the destroyers Colne, Jed, and Chelmer, under a heavy cross
fire from forts Nos. 7 and 8 and batteries at Erenkioi. Chelmer
was twice struck while alongside Ocean.

Destroyers Wear, Racoon, Mosquito, and Rennet also stood
by Ocean.

When all were reported clear of the ship, the captain em-
barked in Jed and lay off till dark ; he then returned to her
to make absolutely certain no one was left on boarxl and that
nothing could be done to save her.

His opinion being that nothing could be done, the ship was
finally abandoned in the centre of the Straits at about 7.30 P.M.

The captains of Ocean and Irresistible, after reporting to the
Vice-Admiral Commanding, returned to the Dardanelles to
join the destroyers, which, with six mine-sweepers, had been
ordered to enter the Straits after dark to endeavour to tow
Irresistible into the current and prevent Ocean drifting out of
140

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

it. No trace of either ship could be found ; this was con-
firmed by Jed at n P.M. after an exhaustive search. Canopus
at daylight also reconnoitred, and found no trace of either.
There is no doubt both ships sank in deep water.

The squadron anchored at Tenedos for the night, Canopus
and Cornwallis being on patrol with destroyers at the entrance
of the Straits.

The damaged ships were dealt with as follows : —

Inflexible anchored north of Tenedos.

Gaulois grounded on north of Drepano Island — damage
due to gun-fire.

On the morning of the igth instant, Contre-Amiral Gue-
pratte informed me that the Suffren was leaking forward ; it
had been necessary to flood the fore magazine on account of
fire, and a heavy shell had started a leak.

Inflexible, Suffren, and Gaulois will therefore require to go
to Malta for repairs.

J. M. DE ROBECK,

Vice- Admiral.
March 24, 1915.

DESTROYER OPERATIONS, MARCH 17 AND 18, 1915

(All times are local.)

Basilisk, Grasshopper, Racoon, and Mosquito covered the
operations of the mine-sweepers on the night of the I7th-i8th
March, being engaged during this service with shore batteries
on both sides of the Straits.

At 6 A.M. on the i8th March, Mosquito saw and sunk three
carbonite mines floating near Morto Bay — none exploded.

10 A.M. — Colne and Chelmer sweeping ahead of line 'A/
During this time Colne' s whaler was struck by a 4-inch shell.

Wear was in attendance on Queen Elizabeth throughout
the day, being in consequence frequently under fire. When
Bouvet sank, Wear closed and lowered whaler to pick up
survivors, being under fire at the time. Basilisk, Grasshopper,
Racoon, Mosquito, Ribble, Kennet, Colne, and Chelmer also
closed, but were too late to pick up any survivors.

2.45 P.M. — Destroyers closed Gaulois, who was in distress
outside the Straits, Colne, Chelmer, Mosquito, and Kennet

141

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

transferring some of her crew to Suffren, Dartmouth, and Lord
Nelson.

4.10. — When Irresistible was observed to be in distress,
Wear was ordered to close her. Wear went alongside and
took off practically the whole crew under heavy fire, trans-
ferring them at 4.50 P.M. to Queen Elizabeth.

She then returned and, after sounding round the Irresistible,
remained in the vicinity of the damaged ships until nightfall,
when she rejoined Queen Elizabeth to report.

Colne, Chelmer, Racoon, Mosquito, Rennet, and Jed stood
by Irresistible, having come in from entrance of Straits.

6.5. — When Ocean struck a mine, Racoon, Mosquito, Colne,
Chelmer, Jed, Kennet, and Wear stood by under heavy cross
fire, Colne, Chelmer, Jed, and Kennet going alongside to remove
the crew.

7.15. — Colne found no signs of Ocean ; enemy still firing
on Irresistible.

8.30 to 11.30 P.M. — Jed carried out a thorough search, but
could find no trace of Ocean or Irresistible.

Damage sustained by destroyers : —

Chelmer, while alongside Ocean, struck and holed by centre
stokehold, which was flooded. She went alongside Lord
Nelson, where her own mat and that belonging to Lord Nelson
were placed over the hole. She shortly afterwards proceeded
to Tenedos, escorted by Colne.

Racoon, while standing by Irresistible, was damaged by
concussion of large shell under starboard quarters and some
shrapnel bullets.

J. M. DE ROBECK,

Vice- Admiral.
March 24, 1915.

MINE-SWEEPING OPERATIONS, MARCH 17 AND 18, 1915

Night of March 17 and 18.

British and French mine -sweepers continued sweeping
area below the line Suandere River — Kephez Light.

They reported : ' No mines found/

March 18.

Mine-sweepers ordered to enter and commence sweeping
142

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

at 2 P.M. Of these two pairs got sweeps out, when abreast of
White Cliffs, about 3.30 P.M. ; they were under fire.

No progress was made beyond this point, as it was not
considered advisable to leave heavy ships inside the Straits
to cover their operations, Inflexible having already struck a
mine.

J. M. DE ROBECK,

Vice- Admiral.
March 24, 1915.

THE AUGUSTE CONSEIL TORPEDOED

The steamer Auguste Conseil, belonging to the Societe des C.O.,
Affreteurs Rennes, was torpedoed on March n at 4.30 A.M. March 20,
22 miles south of the Start by the submarine U 29. The
whole of the crew were rescued by a Danish ship and landed
at Falmouth.

THE GUADELOUPE SUNK

The mail steamer Guadeloupe of the Transatlantic ibid.
Company, which had left Rio de Janeiro on February 18,
bound for Dakar, was sunk by the auxiliary cruiser Kron-
prinz Wilhelm near the island of Fernando Noronha. The
passengers (143 in number) and the crew were landed at Per-
nambuco by English steamer Churchill.

NAVAL DISCIPLINE BILL

House of Lords, March n, 1915.
Order of the Day for the Second Reading read.

The FIRST COMMISSIONER OF WORKS (LORD EMMOTT) : Hansard.
My Lords, this Bill to amend the Naval Discipline Act consists
for the most part of emergency provisions, but the opportunity
has been taken to add one or two other desirable alterations
in the law which are needed at the present time. The Bill was
passed in another place with general good will and with only
one or two very small alterations. It is entirely a question of
detail, and I will explain briefly the various clauses to your

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Lordships. Clause i deals with Section 16 of the present Act.
In Section 16 it is provided that if any one in the Navy strikes
a superior officer who is in the execution of his office, he is
liable to the punishment of death ; but if he strikes a superior
officer when that superior officer is not in the execution of his
office, then he is liable to penal servitude. The effect of Clause
i of this Bill will be that penal servitude will be the punish-
ment for both offences. As a matter of fact, for the last
hundred years no death sentence has been carried out in
connection with any offence of this kind, and I think it is
generally agreed that penal servitude is a severe enough
penalty. There is another advantage. At present, even in a
case that is not at all serious, if a man in the Navy strikes a
superior officer who is in the execution of his office, he must be
tried by court-martial, but if this clause is carried it will be
possible for a slight offence to be dealt with summarily.

Clause 2 deals with the question of absence. In time of
war it is quite clear that absence may be almost, if not quite,
as bad as desertion. The utmost penalty at present that can
be given, even in time of war, for absence without leave is
ten weeks' imprisonment, but this clause will enact that im-
prisonment for two years may be given as a punishment for
absence. Clause 3 deals with an amendment of Section 46
of the original Act. Section 46 defines places in which
offences are triable by courts-martial, and mentions ' Her
Majesty's dockyards, victualling yards, steam factory yards,
or on any gun-wharf, or in any arsenal, barrack, or hospital
belonging to Her Majesty/ Modern conditions make it
advisable that the places mentioned in Section 46 should be
extended. Accordingly it is proposed to add to them the
words ' or in any other premises held by or on behalf of the
Crown for naval or military purposes, or in any canteen or
sailors' home, or any place of recreation placed at the disposal
of or used by officers or men of His Majesty's Navy which may
be prescribed by the Admiralty/

In Clause 4 is reproduced a provision similar to that in
Section 158 of the Army Act. It enables a man who has
ceased to be subject to the Naval Discipline Act to be tried for
an offence committed while he was still under the Act, but it
is enacted that the liability shall not, except in the case of the
offence of mutiny or desertion, extend beyond three months
144

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

after he has left the Service. Clause 5 and Clause 7 are
related. Clause 7 slightly extends the class of officers who can
try offences summarily, and Clause 5 will enact that a warrant
for arrest may be given not only by the officer in command
of the Fleet or the squadron or the captain of a ship or senior
officer present at the port, as is now the case, but also by an
officer having, by virtue of Sub-section (3) of Section 56 of the
Naval Discipline Act, power to try offences. Clause 6 deals
with the power to inflict dismissal in addition to imprison-
ment. I think this is a very desirable change in the law. In
effect, it will not apply to cases summarily tried, inasmuch
as by the King's Regulations an officer in command of a ship
can only recommend dismissal to the Admiralty. Therefore
the effect will be that in cases of court-martial the court-
martial will have the power to add a sentence of dismissal to
any punishment that is inflicted.

Clause 8 deals with the places where a court-martial may
be held. At present I believe a court-martial must be held
on a ship. This clause will enable the Admiralty or the officer
who ordered the court-martial in any particular case, for
reasons to be recorded on the proceedings, to direct that a
court-martial shall be held at a port at such convenient place
on shore as the Admiralty or the officer who ordered the
court-martial may direct. That will be a very beneficial
change. In the case of Admiral Keppel a special Act of
Parliament had to be passed in order that he might be tried
on shore. It is obvious that a difficulty may arise and it may
be convenient to hold the court-martial elsewhere than on
board ship. Clause 9 enables the Navy List or Gazette to be
evidence of the status of an officer. That is a matter of no
great importance as regards most of the officers in the Navy,
but there are so many auxiliary ships at the present time that
it may be of considerable convenience in the future. Clause
10 deals with the question of two sentences running one with
the other. In the case of a man who has been tried summarily
and is in detention at the time, if he is tried and convicted for
another offence the punishment for his later offence cannot be
made to run from the time when the punishment for his first
offence ceases. In the case of a man who has been tried by
court-martial it can, but not in the case of a man tried sum-
marily. This clause will remove that difference.
NAVAL 4 K 145

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

A question which was the subject of a special Bill as
applying to the Army, introduced by the noble and learned
Viscount on the Woolsack yesterday and passed through all its
stages by your Lordships' House, is dealt with in Clause n,
and I think it will be of particular value in the Navy. The
clause deals with two cases. First, the case of a man who,
under the stress of war, may have committed an offence. The
power of suspension will enable him to have a chance of purging
that offence. It also deals with the case of a shirker, a man
who apparently prefers imprisonment to going, say, to the
North Sea at the present time. It will enable any one con-
victed of an offence of that kind to be sent to the North Sea
before he undergoes his punishment. Clause 12 makes a very
small change in the law in reference to the officer who can
order a change of place of confinement. Clause 13 is com-
plementary to the Army Act (Amendment) Bill, and deals
with cases where naval and military forces are serving to-
gether. Clause 14 makes a very necessary change in the law.
In the case of an officer in command of a hired ship going
away and leaving a man in detention who is to be tried, there
are many cases in which no one is left at the port where the
man is in custody to try him. This clause will add to the
class of people who are able -to try a man of that kind. The
officer commanding the ship, or vessel, or station in which
such person may for the time being be held in custody will,
under this clause, have the power to try him.

Clause 15 will replace without any sort of doubt the well-
known and beautiful Preamble of the Naval Discipline Act,
and it will also revive the definition of the Admiralty which
enables two Lords of the Admiralty to act. Clause 16 is a
common form in all amendments of the Naval Discipline Act.
Its principal effect is that when amendments of this Act are
made an authoritative print of the Act with the amendments
is immediately published. It is obviously very desirable that
an important Act of this kind should be kept up to date in
this way, so that those who are interested may know exactly
what the law is. I have now described briefly what this Bill
purports to do. There are a few small amendments to be
moved, and if your Lordships will agree, after reading the
Bill a second time, to put it through the rest of its stages to-day,
those amendments could be moved on Third Reading.
146

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Moved, That the Bill be now read za. — (Lord Emmott.)
The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, we have not had the
time that we should have liked in which to examine the details
of this Bill, but I know that in the circumstances that could
not be helped. So far as I have been able to follow the ex-
planations of the noble Lord and to examine the details of the
Bill, I do not think there is anything in it of which we should
otherwise than approve, but if hereafter on further considera-
tion there are points of criticism which arise, we should not
feel ourselves precluded from raising them in some future
session. I should not like, however, to sit down without ex-
pressing my delight that the First Lord of the Admiralty and
his Board have had the historical sense to restore that Preamble
which, born at the end of the seventeenth century, was
temporarily smothered at the time of the revision of the
Statutes by some legal luminary who possessed more learning
than imagination. I am very glad indeed to see that that
act of literary vandalism is now being obliterated.

On Question, Bill read 2a.

Committee negatived : Then (Standing Order No. XXXIX
having been suspended) Bill read 30.

The LORD CHANCELLOR : The noble Earl who has just
sat down congratulated my noble friend on the successful
determination of the Admiralty to save the historic Preamble
of the Naval Discipline Act from the ruthless hand of the
Statute Law Revision Committee ; but, unfortunately, Clause 15
as it stands in the Bill does not do that. The clause as drawn
proposes to repeal a supposed repeal of the Preamble. There
has been no such repeal. It was part of the policy of the
Statute Law Revision Committee to get rid of all unnecessary
Preambles. As it could not be known beforehand which were
necessary and which were unnecessary, power was taken in
the Statute Law Revision Act of 1893 to repeal such Preambles
as might prove to be unnecessary. But in so far as the Pre-
amble to the Naval Discipline Act in question was concerned,
the Committee never exercised their power. The clause
which the Admiralty have introduced into this Bill proceeds
on the hypothesis that something has been repealed which has
not been repealed, and restores it. What the Admiralty have
overlooked is the power to repeal, which remains untouched

i47

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

by the clause in this Bill. Notwithstanding what has been
said about lawyers in this House upon this occasion, I come
as representative of the law to the relief of the Admiralty to
rescue this historic Preamble from the hands of the executioner.
I propose to amend Clause 15 in line 39, after ' the/ by inserting
' schedule to the ' ; and in line 40 by leaving out ' repeals ' and
inserting ' relates to/ As so altered the clause will run in this
way —

' So much of the schedule to the Statute Law Revision Act, 1893,
as relates to the Preamble to, and part of Section 86 of, the
Naval Discipline Act shall cease to have and shall be deemed never to
have had effect.'

What the result of these last words may be I do not know,
but as a concession to the outraged spirit of the Navy I propose
to insert the words as they will now stand.
Amendments moved —

Clause 15, page 5, line 39, after (' the ') insert (' schedule to the ' ;
line 40, leave out (' repeals ') and insert (' relates to '). — (The Lord
Chancellor.)

On Question, Amendments agreed to.

LORD EMMOTT : The amendment which I have to propose
is a merely verbal one. It is-to leave out from Clause 16 words
which clearly ought not to be there.

Amendment moved —

Clause 16, page 6, lines 17 and 18, leave out (' the schedule to '). —
(Lord Emmott.)

On Question, Amendment agreed to.
Bill passed, and returned to the Commons, and to be
printed as amended.

NAVAL MARRIAGES BILL.

House of Lords, March n, 1915.

Order of the Day for the Second Reading read.

LORD EMMOTT : My Lords, in 1908 there was passed
through Parliament a Bill which enabled the banns of an
officer, seaman, or marine to be published on board a man-of-
war. This Bill goes a step further, and seeks to enact that
when the banns have been so published and the banns of
the lady have been published according to law in the country,
148

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the marriage may take place in any place of worship or
building in the United Kingdom other than the one in which
the banns have been published — that is to say, in any other
building in which marriages may lawfully be solemnised or
contracted. There are a certain number of marriages which
it is not very easy to carry out under conditions of active
service. They often have to take place in a great hurry.
This Bill will enable a man who comes in on his ship to, say,
Newcastle, to be married in that town if the lady is there,
instead of having to go, perhaps, to a village in, say, War-
wickshire.

Moved, That the Bill be now read 20, — (Lord Emmott.)
The LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY : My Lords, to
the intent and purport of this Bill I take no exception what-
ever. On. the contrary, from ample experience during the
last few months of the difficulties which have attended the
celebration of some of the naval marriages that were desired
to take place, I think that the Bill is admirable. There can
be, however, no wish, in exceptional legislation of this kind
carried for the sake of facilitating matters during war time,
to interfere with the existing law more than is absolutely
necessary. That, I imagine, would be the underlying prin-
ciple in all such emergency legislation, and I want to call
attention to the fact that there is a very material change
in the existing law effected by the Bill as it is drawn.

By the law as it now stands, if banns are called in a church
of the Church of England, or if a licence is given by a Bishop
of the Church of England for a marriage, that marriage may
take place in particular places which are named, but, of
course, only within the churches of the Church of England.
This Bill if carried would allow, I think most desirably, that
the present limitation which confines the marriage to a par-
ticular town or a particular parish should be removed. But
it goes further and, unintentionally as I believe, practically
allows marriages which are authorised by a licence issued by
a Bishop in England or by banns published in the Church
of England to be celebrated in any building or place, which
would include any registrar's office or the chapels of any
denomination. That might cause a good deal of technical
difficulty in certain ecclesiastical matters. I have reason to
believe that the Admiralty are persuaded as to that, and the

149

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

words which I desire to see added to Clause i actually emanate
from the Admiralty themselves. I venture to hope that
your Lordships will allow me, when the Bill reaches Third
Reading, to move an amendment to make that point clear.

On Question, Bill read za.

Committee negatived : Then (Standing Order No. XXXIX
having been suspended) Bill read 30.

The LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY : The amend-
ment which I desire to move is to insert at the end of Clause I
words providing that in England no marriage after banns
published or an episcopal licence granted in England shall
be solemnised elsewhere than in a church or chapel of the
Church of England in which marriages may lawfully be
solemnised.

Amendment moved —

Clause I, page i, at end of line 20, insert ' Provided that in England
no marriage after banns published or an episcopal licence granted in
England shall be solemnised elsewhere than in a church or chapel of the
Church of England in which marriages may lawfully be solemnised. '-
(The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.)

LORD EMMOTT : I am in rather a difficulty because I did
not hear of this amendment until a few moments ago. I
have been intensely busy, and have not had an opportunity,
until the most rev. Primate was on his feet, of hearing
anything at all about the matter. As the provision is
confined to the period of the war I do not think the point
is a very important one, and it would be a pity to jeopardise,
as might be the case were the amendment accepted, the
passing of this Bill. As I say, I have not heard until a few
moments ago what the amendment was, and I have not
had an opportunity of consulting the Admiralty with regard
to it. But knowing the House of Commons as I do, I feel
that there might be on a point of this kind considerable
danger of the Bill being lost if we were to accept this amend-
ment at this moment.

The LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY : I wish to make
my own position perfectly clear. The words in the amend-
ment are not my words at all, but the words of the Admiralty.
The amendment is in the form in which they thought it
might properly be made, and it was furnished to me after
an ample correspondence on the point. I did suggest other
150

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

words, but instead of those the Admiralty thought that these
words would be better. Accordingly I have moved the
words in the form given to me by the Admiralty. Therefore
I think my own action in the matter cannot be regarded as
calculated to cause any of the difficulties of which the noble
Lord spoke.

LORD PARMOOR : Unless an amendment of this kind were
introduced there would be serious difficulty. You would
really almost get back to the conditions when the Secret
Marriage Act was necessary. Therefore I hope that the
noble Lord in charge of the Bill will accept the amendment.

LORD EMMOTT : In the circumstances I do not feel that
I can offer a blank negative to this amendment, but I do
not like to accept it without warning your Lordships, as I
have done, that I do not know what the effect will be when
the Bill goes back to another place.

On Question, Amendment agreed to.

LORD EMMOTT : I have an amendment in Clause 2 to
meet the case of Scotland I beg to move.

Amendment moved —

Clause 2, page i, line 24, after (' publication ') insert (' or pro-
clamation '). — (Lord Emmott.)

On Question, Amendment agreed to.
Bill passed, and returned to the Commons, and to be
printed as amended.

PRIZE MONEY

House of Lords, March n, 1915.

The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, I beg to ask the Hansard.
Question standing in my name on the Paper — viz. : To ask His
Majesty's Government whether it is true that they have set up
a Prize Claims Committee to consider of a distribution to
individuals, whose claims have been rejected by the Prize
Court, of portions of Prize Money ; and if so, whether they can
inform the House what are its qualifications, and what cases
in respect of what vessels and of what persons are now under
consideration by that Committee ; and whether it is intended
that while all Prize Money is withheld from the officers and men
of the Navy, part of it shall be distributed to persons selected
by the Prize Claims Committee.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The MARQUESS OF CREWE : My Lords, the answer to the
noble Earl's first Question is in the affirmative. The Prize
Claims Committee has been set up, with my right hon. friend
the Attorney-General as its chairman and my noble friend
Lord Desart as its vice-chairman ; and I ought to add that on
it are representatives of the Admiralty and of the Treasury
and also of financial and shipping interests. Its functions
are to look into claims which may be made by either British
or neutral firms in respect of ships or cargoes condemned by
Prize Courts. In numbers of cases claims have been made
either upon the ships or upon the cargoes by banks and other
people. This Prize Claims Committee examines the validity
of those claims, and there its functions stop. There has been,
of course, in a sense a departure from the old practice in which
prizes at sea were regarded as the actual booty of the particular
ship that made the capture. It is now intended that Prize
Money in the strict sense should be ultimately allocated among
the Navy as a whole. But that, of course, is a question apart
from the case, say, of an advance which a British banker has
made on shipping documents which have been handed to him
as security and as to which he puts in a claim.

The Committee does not pretend to decide from what funds
or in what manner the claims should be met. Its functions
are simply concerned with the determination and examination
of the validity of the claim itself. Suppose, say, that a ship
has been captured with a cargo worth £20,000 upon which
some financier has made an advance of £10,000. It becomes
a matter of policy to consider whether the proceeds of the
cargo when sold should be handed over in their entirety to the
Navy, or whether the claifh of the lender should by some means
or other be met. But the Prize Committee does not offer an
opinion as to how the money is to be found, supposing it to be
assumed that the holder of security has an equitable claim for
some consideration. All a Prize Court does is to determine the
ownership of the property without any respect to the claims
on the property. I take it that that is the immemorial
function of a Prize Court.

I conceive that the noble Earl opposite, as a former First
Lord of the Admiralty, has in mind the interests of the Navy
in this matter, and is desirous that the Navy should not suffer.
It is not possible, if the principle is adopted of regarding as
152

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

admissible a question of prize claim, to make an immediate
distribution of the proceeds of the sale of the ship or the cargo ;
and it, of course, becomes much more impossible when the
distribution is to be made to the Navy as a whole and not to the
actual capturers of the ship. " But that in no way prevents
the allocation, either at present or at any time during the war,
or at the close of the war, of such a sum in the form of prize
bounty as it may be decided the Navy is entitled to. As
regards the particular sums of money produced by the sale of
prizes, it is impossible at this moment to regard the Navy as
strictly entitled to more than the net proceeds as distinct from
the gross ; but that, of course, does not prejudice the actual
amount of money which in the long run the Navy may receive,
because it is a matter for the country to decide how far it is
the duty of the taxpayers to indemnify the person who has
made the advances on the cargo as well as to reward the seamen
and the officers for the capture of the ship. Therefore the
whole matter has to stand over in that sense until the end of
the war. I must not be taken as expressing an opinion that
when a prize of this kind is sold a certain proportion of the
proceeds ought to belong to those who have some kind of lien
on the cargo or on the ship, and a certain other proportion to
the Navy. But, as I think the noble Earl will see, the change
which has been made in the whole principle of distribution
of Prize Money prevents the immediate allocation to the
particular persons and crew of a particular ship of their share
of the proceeds of a particular capture.

The EARL OF DESART : My Lords, I want to say a word,
rather more to explain the position than anything else. The
noble Earl who asked this Question, I think, feels some un-
easiness because he thinks Prize Money has been dealt with by
this Committee. Of course my colleagues and I are not
responsible for the policy, and at the present moment the
Committee are not dealing with money at all. It would be
unwise for them to go into these claims and make awards
when they have no means of giving effect to them, and there
is at present no means of giving effect to them. Therefore
as long as the matter is under consideration the Committee
cannot tell whether it will be out of this or that fund that the
money will ultimately come, and have not in fact made any
awards. I think there may arise a feeling amongst those

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

interested that the Committee ought to do something, and
that some sort of decision ought to be arrived at as soon as may
be. I rose merely to state how the thing stood, and to say
that the noble Earl need not be under any uneasiness that
money has up to now been paid* out of this or any other fund.

The MARQUESS OF CREWE : May I ask the noble and
learned Earl for an explanation ? As he says, the actual
money is not available for distribution. But why does that
prevent the allocation of claims ?

The EARL OF DESART : It was very carefully considered,
and it was decided that it would be better to postpone action
rather than that witnesses should be examined and people
put to expense until we knew how awards will be met.

INQUIRIES INTO SHIPPING CASUALTIES ABROAD

Board of Trade, Marine Department,

Whitehall Gardens, S.W.,

March u, 1915.

L.G., The Board of Trade hereby give notice, under the General

March 12, Rules for Formal Investigations into Shipping Casualties and
I9I5- Appeals and Rehearings, 1907, that they have received during

the month of February 1915, -the following Reports of Formal
Investigations into Shipping Casualties held by Courts in
British Possessions abroad : — Corra Lynn, Clan Stuart, Nor-
folk, Baroda and Gopal, and Batiscan and Muriel.

BLOCKADE OF GERMANY

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the nth day of March

19*5-

Present,

The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

L.G., WHEREAS the German Government has issued certain

March 15, Orders which, in violation of the usages of war, purport to

I9I5- declare the waters surrounding the United Kingdom a

military area, in which all British and allied merchant vessels

will be destroyed irrespective of the safety of the lives of

passengers and crew, and in which neutral shipping will be

exposed to similar danger in view of the uncertainties of

naval warfare :

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

And whereas in a memorandum accompanying the said
Orders neutrals are warned against entrusting crews, pas-
sengers, or goods to British or allied ships :

And whereas such attempts on the part of the enemy give
to His Majesty an unquestionable right of retaliation :

And whereas His Majesty has therefore decided to adopt
further measures in order to prevent commodities of any kind
from reaching or leaving Germany, though such measures
will be enforced without risk to neutral ships or to neutral
or non-combatant life, and in strict observance of the dictates
of humanity :

And whereas the Allies of His Majesty are associated with
Him in the steps now to be announced for restricting further
the commerce of Germany :

His Majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice
of His Privy Council, to order and it is hereby ordered, as
follows : —

I. No merchant vessel which sailed from her port of
departure after the ist March 1915 shall be allowed to pro-
ceed on her voyage to any German port.

Unless the vessel receives a pass enabling her to proceed
to some neutral or allied port to be named in the pass, goods
on board any such vessel must be discharged in a British port
and placed in the custody of the Marshal of the Prize Court.
Goods so discharged, not being contraband of war, shall, if
not requisitioned for the use of His Majesty, be restored by
order of the Court, upon such terms as the Court may in the
circumstances deem to be just, to the person entitled thereto.

II. No merchant vessel which sailed from any German
port after the ist March 1915 shall be allowed to proceed
on her voyage with any goods on board laden at such port.

All goods laden at such port must be discharged in a
British or allied port. Goods so discharged in a British port
shall be placed in the custody of the Marshal of the Prize
Court, and, if not requisitioned for the use of His Majesty,
shall be detained or sold under the direction of the Prize
Court. The proceeds of goods so sold shall be paid into
Court and dealt with in such manner as the Court may in
the circumstances deem to be just.

Provided that no proceeds of the sale of such goods shall
be paid out of Court until the conclusion of peace, except on

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the application of the proper Officer of the Crown, unless it
be shown that the goods had become neutral property before
the issue of this Order.

Provided also that nothing herein shall prevent the release
of neutral property laden at such enemy port on the applica-
tion of the proper Officer of the Crown.

III. Every merchant vessel which sailed from her port
of departure after the ist March 1915 on her way to a port
other than a German port, carrying goods with an enemy
destination, or which are enemy property, may be required
to discharge such goods in a British or allied port. Any
goods so discharged in a British port shall be placed in the
custody of the Marshal of the Prize Court, and, unless they
are contraband of war, shall, if not requisitioned for the use
of His Majesty, be restored by order of the Court, upon such
terms as the Court may in the circumstances deem to be
just, to the person entitled thereto.

Provided that this Article shall not apply in any case
falling within Articles II. or IV. of this Order.

IV. Every merchant vessel which sailed from a port other
than a German port after the ist March 1915, having on
board goods which are of enemy origin or are enemy property,
may be required to discharge" such goods in a British or allied
port. Goods so discharged in a British port shall be placed
in the custody of the Marshal of the Prize Court, and, if not
requisitioned for the use of His Majesty, shall be detained or
sold under the direction of the Prize Court. The proceeds
of goods so sold shall be paid into Court and dealt with in
such manner as the Court may in the circumstances deem to
be just.

Provided that no proceeds of the sale of such goods shall
be paid out of Court until the conclusion of peace except on
the application of the proper Officer of the Crown, unless it
be shown that the goods had become neutral property before
the issue of this Order.

Provided also that nothing herein shall prevent the release
of neutral property of enemy origin on the application of the
proper Officer of the Crown.

V. — (i) Any person claiming to be interested in, or to
have any claim in respect of any goods (not being contraband
of war) placed in the custody of the Marshal of the Prize

156

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Court under this order, or in the proceeds of such goods,
may forthwith issue a writ in the Prize Court against the
proper Officer of the Crown and apply for an order that
the goods should be restored to him, or that their proceeds
should be paid to him, or for such other order as the circum-
stances of the case may require.

(2) The practice and procedure of the Prize Court shall,
so far as applicable, be followed mutatis mutandis in any pro-
ceedings consequential upon this Order.

VI. A merchant vessel which has cleared for a neutral
port from a British or allied port, or which has been allowed
to pass having an ostensible destination to a neutral port, and
proceeds to an enemy port, shall, if captured on any subse-
quent voyage, be liable to condemnation.

VII. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to affect the
liability of any vessel or goods to capture or condemnation
independently of this Order.

VIII. Nothing in this Order shall prevent the relaxation
of the provisions of this Order in respect of the merchant
vessels of any country which declares that no commerce
intended for or originating in Germany or belonging to
German subjects shall enjoy the protection of its flag.

NAVY SEPARATION ALLOWANCE

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — March n,

The weekly rates of Navy Separation Allowance for
children have been increased from 2s. to 45. for the first child,
from 2s. to 35. for the second, and from is. to 2s. for the
third. The rate for the fourth and any subsequent children
will continue to be, as at present, is. a week. For motherless
children the rate has been increased from 33. to 53. each.

These increases take effect from the ist inst. The
additional sum due from that date will be included with the
first payment for next quarter, which will be made on April 8.
As the books of postal drafts on which payment is made fcr
the present quarter are already in the hands of the post-
masters, it is not possible to recall them all and alter the
amounts payable, but the full amount due will be paid in

157

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

all cases on April 8 without any application from the persons
concerned.

The payment on April 8 will also for the first time include
a weekly instalment of the man's allotment, which will cease
to be paid monthly after the payment due on the 3ist of
this month.

A detailed statement will be sent to each payee before
April 8, explaining fully the payments to be received on that
date and on subsequent Thursdays.

FRENCH TROOPS FOR DARDANELLES

(Official]

Paris, March n.

The Expeditionary Force concentrated in North Africa is
composed partly of troops other than Algerian sharpshooters
drawn from this region and partly by troops from France.
These troops have been placed under the orders of General
d'Amade, who has been selected for the command owing to
his experience of expeditions in distant lands.

General d'Amade, it may be mentioned, followed the
operations of the British Army in the Transvaal.

A part of the Expeditionary Corps is at present on the
way to the Levant, where it will join the naval forces which
have already been in action. — Renter.

LOSS OF THE BAYANO

March 13.

The Secretary of the Admiralty reports the loss of His
Majesty's auxiliary cruiser Bayano while engaged on patrol
duty.

On the nth inst. the wreckage of the vessel and bodies
were discovered, and circumstances point to her having been
sunk by an enemy's torpedo.

The following officers are missing, and must be presumed
to have lost their lives : —

Commander — Henry Cecil Carr.
Lieutenant R.N.R. — Bernard Dunphy.
Lieutenant R.N.R. — Arthur Crossfield Brattan.
Lieutenant R.N.R. — John Huddy.
158

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Lieutenant R.N.R. — Ernest Arthur Brown.
Sub-Lieutenant R.N.R. — Charles Edmonds Sims.
Sub-Lieutenant R.N.R. — Alexander Clyne Davison.
Chief Engineer R.N.R. — Harold Richard Williams.
Senior Engineer R.N.R. — Charles Jones.
Engineer R.N.R. — Edward William George Humble.
Assistant Paymaster R.N.R. — Dudley Cecil Chorley.
Gunner — Richard Harrison.
Midshipman R.N.R. — Harold Brantnall Gough.
Midshipman R.N.R. — Leslie Frank Bailey.

The following officers and men have been rescued and
landed by the auxiliary patrol vessel Tar a : — '

Lieutenant-Commander Kenneth A. F. Guy, R.N.,
Surgeon Kenneth H. Hole, R.N., Probationary
Surgeon Richard Batson, R.N.R. (?), Midshipman
Henry A. Wright, R.N.R., C.P.O.; R. A. G.
Wood, O.N. 115347 ; P.O. ist Cl. G. A. Glover,
O.N. 177130 ; Carpenter's Crew S. V. Brailsford,
ship's books 15 B ; Able Seaman J. Hayes, O.N.
5517 R.F.R.

The following other ratings were taken on board the S.S.
Balmerino, and landed : —

Baker, Richard, A.B. (R.F.R. 6650), 151102; Bat-
trick, Arthur Dennis, Boy Telegraphist, 729320 ;
Caulfield, John, Ordinary Seaman, R.N.V.R.,
London, Z/620 ; Chiddle, Frederick, A.B. (R.F.R.
66863), 212229; Courtney, Percy George Chris-
topher, A.B. (R.F.R. 61584), 185061 ; Craze, A.
T. C., Private, R.M.L.I., Po/6736; Cummings,
Benjamin John, Petty Officer ist cl. (R.F.R.
A3752), 143745 ; Glover, George Albert, Petty
Officer, 177130; Hayes, John, A.B. (R.F.R.
65517), 217802; James, Henry, A.B. (R.F.R.
66598), 205627; Keates, Stephen, Leading Sea-
man, R.N.R. (Newfoundland), 458X; Lucas,
Arthur William, A.B. (R.F.R. 64669), 8.8.1665 ;
Luck, Ernest Samuel, A.6. (R.F.R. 66312),
233152 i M'Dermott, James. W., Ordinary Seaman,
R.N.V.R., Mersey, Zfolj ; Please, Charles Victor,
Signal 6oy, J272I5 ; Rolfe, Thomas G., Seaman,

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

R.N.R., 4823 A ; Ryan, William, Ordinary Seaman,
R.N.V.R., Tyne, Z/i682 ; Taylor, Dennis, A.B.
(R.F.R. BISI), 189099.

SPECIALLY ENTERED MERCANTILE CREW

M'Sporran, John, Carpenter's Mate ; Whitcomb,
Abner, Painter.

Captain McGarrick, of the S.S. Castlereagh, of Belfast,
states that his ship passed on Thursday morning through a
quantity of wreckage and dead bodies floating in lifebelts.
He attempted to search the spot in the hope of saving any
men who migKt still be alive, but was prevented by the
appearance of an enemy submarine, which gave chase for
about twenty minutes.

PAY OF TEMPORARY OFFICERS IN ROYAL
MARINES

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the nth day of March,

Present,

The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

L.G., WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial

March 12, from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
I9I5- Admiralty, dated the 3rd day of March 1915, in the words

following, viz. : —

' Whereas by Section 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that
all pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature
thereof, payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's
Naval or Marine Force to a person being or having been
an Officer, Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in
such manner, and subject to such restrictions, conditions,
and provisions, as are from time to time directed by
Order in Council :

' And whereas it is necessary that Officers of the Royal

Navy or Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve attached to

Royal Marine Artillery Brigades should be given tem-

porary rank in the Royal Marines, and we are of opinion

1 60

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

that Officers so attached should continue to receive pay
at Naval rates :

' We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to authorise the retention of Naval Emolu-
ments by Officers granted temporary commissions in the
Royal Marines in the above-mentioned circumstances.

'The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have signified their concurrence in this proposal/

ALLOWANCES TO SICK BERTH STAFF

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the nth day of March

19*5.

Present,

The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial ibid.
from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, dated the 5th day of March 1915, in the words
following, viz. : —

' Whereas by section 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that
all pay, pensions, and other allowances in the nature
thereof, payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's
Naval or Marine Force to a person being or having been
an Officer, Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in
such manner, and subject to such restrictions, conditions,
and provisions, as are from time to time directed by
Order in Council :

' And whereas it has been found necessary to increase
the accommodation at Your Majesty's Royal Naval Sick
Quarters at Shotley, and to organise the Staff on a basis
similar to that adopted for the Staff of Your Majesty's
Royal Naval Hospitals :

1 And whereas we are of opinion that in these circum-

NAVAL 4 L l6l

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

stances the Sick Berth Staff of the Sick Quarters at
Shotley should be granted the same allowances as are
granted to Members of the Sick Berth Staff of the Naval
Hospitals who are engaged upon similar duties :

' We, therefore, beg leave humbly to recommend that
Your Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order
in Council, to sanction the grant of the following allow-
ances to Members of the Staff at Shotley, with effect as
from the 6th November 1914 :—

' (i) An allowance of 6d. a day to one of the Sick Berth
Staff for acting as Operating Room Attendant :

' (2) An allowance of 6d. a day to the Chief Sick
Berth Steward for charge of stores.

' The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have concurred in these proposals/

C.O.,

March 20,

1 [See
Naval 3,
P- 131-]
Times,
March 19,

THE PRINZ EITEL FRIEDRICH AT
NEWPORT NEWS

On March u the auxiliary cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich *
entered the port of Newport News in Virginia, and is there
undergoing repairs.

The Philadelphia Ledger remonstrates against a thing
which is causing much amusement and some annoyance here
— namely, the official attentions paid to the commander of the
Eitel Friedrich. Despite his sinking of an American ship and
the protest which the United States Government is under-
stood to have registered, this officer was invited to sit on the
platform at the recent launching at Newport News of the
super-Dreadnought Pennsylvania, and in other ways was
officially noticed by Mr. Daniels, the Secretary of the Navy,
who was present. The Ledger writes : —

A distinctly discordant note was struck when the officer responsible
162

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

for so flagrant a breach of comity was made the guest of honour at an
important naval function and allowed to make jesting comments about
the serious international situation for .which he is responsible. Good
taste on his part would have dictated a different course.

It cannot be too emphatically stated, lest the incident
should be misunderstood at home, that the Ledger voices
responsible American opinion.

Washington, March 19.

There is reason to believe that the Eitel Friedrich will bear Times,
watching at Newport News. The American authorities, of March 20,
course, are bound to be silent as to the length of time her I9I5-
repairs will take. Her captain has announced she must have
about a month in dock. Good information, however, reaches
me that the vessel is in a state to leave any day.

It is further alleged that the reason she came to Newport
News at all was to deflect the attention of our cruisers from
the interned liners in New York. Evidence accumulates that
these liners were preparing a dash about that time. If that
really were the case they have missed their opportunity, for,
alarmed by the possibility of an infringement of its rules of
neutrality, the Government has taken stringent steps to
prevent any ship leaving New York without clearance papers.

Washington, March 31.

A detachment of coast artillerymen have been sent from Times,
Fort Monroe to Newport News shipyard to mount guard over April 2,
the Prinz Eitel Friedrich. The commander had asked for a I9I5-
patrol to be set round the ship. — Renter.

Washington, April 4.

It is believed that the time-limit set for the departure of Times,
the Eitel Friedrich from Newport News has nearly expired, and APril 5.
that she will be interned. For a week past the newspapers
have been filled with stories that she was about to make a dash
for the sea, but in well-informed quarters these stories are
discounted as due, partly to a desire to keep the British
cruisers off Chesapeake Bay, and partly as the contribution

163

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of the captain of the Eitel Friedrich to the German publicity
campaign in the United States. Certainly as a Press agent
the captain has been even more successful than as a commerce
destroyer. He has not only succeeded in spreading the im-
pression that he is almost persona grata with the American
officials, but by having his remarks and movements volubly
reported he has picturesquely seconded the campaign for the
popularisation of German arms.

Not that the campaign is having conspicuous success.
The indications are that feeling against Germany is running
higher than ever. The efforts of racially and materially
interested people to make trouble over our war zone policy
have been more than discounted by the sinking of the Falaba,
and by the murder of Mr. Thrasher.

Newport News, April 5.

Times, The Commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard to-day went

April 6, on board the Prinz Eitel Friedrich, and conferred with her

1915 ' commander. It is now confidently predicted that, having

missed the opportunity to get away in Saturday's storm, the

German cruiser will be interned shortly. — Reuter.

Washington, April 7.

Times,. The commander of the German auxiliary cruiser Prinz

April 8, Eitel Friedrich has informed the Collector of Customs at
I9I5- Newport News that he desires to intern his ship.

The commander said that he was compelled to intern
because the relief which would have made a dash out to sea
possible had failed to arrive. The cruiser will be interned in
Norfolk Navy Yard. — Reuter.

New York, April 7.

ibid. The continued refusal of American officials to clear British

ships at Newport News has aroused strong protests in the
Chamber of Commerce, whose members assert that the delayed
clearances are greatly damaging the business of the port.
Efforts have been made to induce the two Senators of Virginia
to have the embargo raised. The restrictions to-day were
164

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

heavier than ever, and the British ship captains can get no
explanation from the Collector of Customs. It is supposed
that the detention of the British ships has for its object to
give an opportunity for the departure of the Prinz Eitel
Fried/rich.

kNew York, April 8.
The German commerce destroyer, the Prinz Eitel Friedrich, Times,
was to-day interned by the American authorities. Until the APril 9»
last moment her captain maintained the pretence of preparing
for a dash for the open sea, but since his failure on Saturday
to avail himself of the opportunity of escape offered by the
blinding snowstorm, there were few doubts as to his actual in-
tentions. Captain Thierichens's final excuse for not carrying
out his professed intention is, to say the least, ingenuous.
He asserted that he was expecting the arrival of relief. This
relief was to come in the shape of a Dreadnought cruiser Yonder
Tann and a large submarine, which were to have engaged the
British and French cruisers while the Eitel Friedrich rushed
out to sea.

The American authorities gave the Eitel Friedrich an abso-
lutely clear way through the territorial waters, by preventing
all ships belonging to the other belligerents from leaving the
port during twenty-four hours. At the same time the United
States warship Alabama cruised outside with cleared decks
and under orders to prevent at all costs any violation of
American neutrality. Yet the Eitel Friedrich, though smoke
was belching from her funnels, showed no signs of weighing
anchor.

At a late hour Mr. Hamilton, the Collector of the port,
boarded the vessel and notified the captain afresh that he must,
under pain of internment, leave the port before midnight and
the three-mile zone before four o'clock this morning. Captain
Thierichens, in reply, handed to Mr. Hamilton the following
Note :—

I inform you that I intend to intern S.M.S. Prinz Eitel Friedrich.
The relief I expected appear not to arrive in time ; so number and force
of enemy cruisers watching the entrance of the bay makes to me im-
possible the dash for the open sea with any hope of success. I have
decided not to deliver the crew and the ship to fruitless and certain

165

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

destruction. Being obliged for the courtesy shown by all the United
States authorities, I am expecting your orders. I have sent same
information to Rear-Admiral Helm, of the United States ship Alabama.
— Yours respectfully, THIERICHENS.

Upon receiving this communication the authorities im-
mediately informed the captains of more than a score of
British vessels that they were now at liberty to leave port.

The Eitel Friedrich is to be dismantled at Norfolk Navy
Yard and the crew placed on parole on their giving a promise
not to take any further part in the war. ' It makes me sick/
was Captain Thierichens's message to the reporters, while
other officers explained that, while the ship's stocks of beer
have been replenished, it had proved impossible to obtain from
neutral America fresh ammunition for the 8-inch guns.

Times, The Prinz Eitel Friedrich arrived at Newport News oh

April 9, March II, her boilers and machinery being badly in need of

I9I5- repair. The American Neutrality Board recommended that

the vessel should be allowed sufficient time to effect such

repairs as to render her seaworthy. These appear to have

been completed about a week ago, and from day to day it was

expected that the vessel would depart.

The raider is a vessel of 8800 tons, formerly in the service
of the Norddeutscher Lloyd. She was at Tientsin on July 29,
and was not reported again until November 6, when she left
Valparaiso. In the meantime she had obtained guns from
one of the German cruisers.

Her raiding began with the sinking on December 5 off the
South American coast of the Charcas, a British chartered
vessel, belonging to the William R. Grace Company of New
York. The next victim was the French collier Jean, with
3000 tons of coal for British war vessels. The Jean was towed
to Easter Island, where she was sunk. The British vessel
Kildalton was caught and destroyed on the way. The crews
of these ships were left on Easter Island. The list of the
vessels sunk and of the crews taken into the Eitel Friedrich
after leaving Easter Island was given to the Collector of
Customs at Newport News as follows : — [For list, see Naval
3, P. 132.]

166

;] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The locking up of the Prinz Eitel Friedrich is a relief. Not ibid.
that this vessel was capable of much more mischief, or that
her further career is likely to have been other than a short
one. The Allies had seen to that. But if she had got to sea
and continued her depredations, for only a brief period, some
international difficulties might have been caused. The treat-
ment accorded to this vessel by the United States authorities
lacked nothing in generosity, in spite of what happened to
the William P. Frye.1 It is all very well to allow a belligerent l [See
vessel to repair in a neutral port damages caused by the sea, Naval 3,
but to permit her to add to her efficiency as a warship, and P- 3C3IJ
even to help her to do so, is scarcely in strict accordance with a
neutral attitude. To restore the Prinz Eitel Friedrich to a state
of seaworthiness, and make her fit to proceed to her nearest
national port, was quite right and proper. To take her into
dock and clean her hull, thus adding two or three knots to her
speed, was another thing altogether. Any explanation, how-
ever, of this course of action which might have been asked for
may now be dispensed with, in view of the ship's internment.

The excuse made by Captain Thierichens that he was left
no alternative to voluntary internment because the relief he
was expecting had failed to arrive is too thin. What kind
of assistance he could have hoped for he does not explain.
It could scarcely have been anything from home, and the only
other German vessel still on the seas is the Kronprinz Wilhelm.
This ship was last reported to be making her way northward
in the hope of getting interned in an American port, but she
is not likely to have sought a meeting with the British cruisers
off the Virginia Capes. There were, of course, attempts on
the part of the Macedonia,2 at Las Palmas, and the Odenwald,3 2 [See
at San Juan de Porto Rico, to escape, but neither of these P- I9I0
vessels could have given any help. Germany has lodged a 3
protest in connection with the attempted flight of the Oden- p>
wald, complaining that no blank charge was fired as a warning
to her, and that after she had begun to go astern she was still
the target for the fort's guns. Looking at the circumstances,
and to the real status of the Odenwald, the United States
authorities should have no difficulty in dealing with this
matter. Only a German could have had the audacity to raise
such a question at all in view of the barefaced attempt to use
an American harbour as a base of supply.

167

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Another instance of German effrontery and shamelessness
is exposed by the official reply, issued yesterday, to the plea of
Count Bernstorff that the loss of life in the Falaba x was due
to military necessity. In the Note from Berlin, it was
suggested that the blame rested upon the British Government
for instructing our merchant ships to offer resistance. As a
matter of fact, no resistance was offered by the Falaba. She
was not armed, and when the submarine signalled her to do
so she stopped. The loss of life was caused by the captain of
the submarine firing his torpedo into the ship at short range
within the period he had given to the crew and passengers to
leave her. Whether everybody could have escaped in five
minutes is doubtful, but they were not even permitted so long
as this. No regret, moreover, is expressed at the exhibition
of callousness and inhumanity of the crew of the submarine
in jeering at the people struggling for their lives in the water.
It may be that the captain of the submarine considered it a
military necessity to sink the ship, but this is no palliation
of his conduct in drowning her passengers, when five minutes'
grace would have given them a chance for their lives.

It is to be noticed, by the way, that on April 2 the German
official wireless news denounced the testimony of those
actually present at the sinking of the Falaba as ' a shameless
lie,' but the Note from Berlin, which Herr von Jagow sent to
America, and which is dated April 6, states that ' no report
has been received from the submarine which sank the Falaba.'
Consequently the Germans could have had no rebutting
evidence on which to base their denial.

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE
INTERNMENT OF THE PRINZ EITEL FRIEDRICH

The Secretary of State to the German Ambassador

Department of State,
Washington, March 18, 1915.

EXCELLENCY : The Department of State has received
from the Navy Department the report of the board of naval
168

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

officers who made an examination of S.M.S. Prinz Eitel
Friedrich, now in the harbour of Newport News, Va., with
a view to ascertaining the repairs necessary to put the vessel
in a thoroughly seaworthy condition, and from this report
it appears that the time required for these repairs will be a
period of fourteen working days. The Government has con-
cluded, therefore, that S.M.S. Prinz Eitel Friedrich will be
allowed until midnight of the close of the 6th day of April
next to complete her repairs, and that she will be allowed
twenty-four hours in addition, or until midnight of the
7th day of April, to leave the territorial waters of the United
States, or failing this that she will be under the necessity of
accepting internment within American jurisdiction during the
continuance of the wars in which your country is now engaged.

This information has been confidentially conveyed to the
Treasury Department with the request that it be transmitted
immediately to the commander of S.M.S. Prinz Eitel
Friedrich.

Accept, etc., W. J. BRYAN.

Memorandum to the British Embassy

Department of State,
Washington, March 29, 1915.

The Department of State has received the memorandum,
dated March 24, 1915, from His Britannic Majesty's Embassy,
inviting attention to the principle embodied in Article XVI
of The Hague Convention, of 1907, No. XIII, paragraph 3,1
namely : that a belligerent warship may not leave a neutral Naval
port or roadstead until twenty-four hours after the departure p*
of an enemy merchant ship.

It is pointed out that this convention was signed by Great
Britain, but not ratified ; that it was adhered to by the
United States ; that the principle referred to is generally
accepted (Oppenheim, Sections 333 and 347) ; and that the
regulations issued by the British Government on January 31,
1862, embodied this principle in sections 2 and 3.

His Britannic Majesty's Embassy states that it has no
doubt that this principle will be taken into consideration by
the United States authorities in regard to the departure of the

169

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

German war vessel now undergoing repairs in the port of
Newport News, Va.

In reply the Department of State informs His Britannic
Majesty's Embassy that the Government of the United States
has given instructions that this rule of international law be
observed by the Prinz Eitel Friedrich upon her departure
from an American port.

The German Ambassador to the Secretary of State
(Translation)

Imperial German Embassy,
Washington, D.C., April 8, 1915.

MR. SECRETARY OF STATE : I have the honour to express
to your Excellency my most sincere thanks for the accommo-
dating treatment accorded S.M.S. Prinz Eitel Friedrich during
her stay at Newport News. I have been especially gratified
to hear that the Government of the United States had taken
far-reaching safety measures for the protection of the ship
from the various menaces o£ an attack.

I venture, therefore, respectfully to beg your Excellency
kindly to convey this expression of my thanks to the De-
partments and officials concerned. Neither shall I fail to
apprize my Government of the attention shown S.M.S. Prinz
Eitel Friedrich.

Accept, etc. J. BERNSTORFF.

FIVE BRITISH STEAMERS TORPEDOED

K.V., Reuter's Agency reports from Fecamp on March 22 : It

March 24, is reported here that the barque Jacques Cceur, on her way to

I9I5- Newfoundland was hailed on March 14 when 85 nautical miles

from the Lizard by a German submarine which had previously

sunk five English steamers, and requested to take on board

the crew of an English steamer which had been sunk by a

torpedo. The French captain took the English crew on

170

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

board, and after having obtained permission to continue his
journey, eventually transhipped it to an English steamer.

THE DRESDEN SUNK

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement :

On i4th March, at 9.0 A.M., H.M.S. Glasgow, Captain John I9I5-
Luce, R.N., H.M. Auxiliary Cruiser Orama, Captain John R.
Segrave, R.N., and H.M.S. Kent, Captain John D. Allen, C.B.,
R.N., caught the Dresden near Juan Fernandez Island.

An action ensued. After five minutes' fighting the Dresden
hauled down her colours and displayed the white flag.

She was much damaged and set on fire, and after she had
been burning for some time her magazine exploded and she
sank.

The crew were saved. Fifteen badly wounded Germans
are being landed at Valparaiso. There were no British
casualties and no damage to the ships.

Amsterdam, March 16.

A Berlin official telegram states that the German Admiralty
Staff briefly reproduces the report of the British Admiralty
on the sinking of the German cruiser Dresden. — Reuter.

Santiago de Chile, March 17.

The German Consul at Valparaiso has issued an account Times,
of the sinking of the Dresden, in which he says the vessel was March 19,
sunk at anchor within 500 yards from the shore in Cum- I9I5-
berland Bay, Juan Fernandez.

It is reported that the German Minister has lodged a pro-
test and claim with the Chilean Government. There is a
general inclination to believe the German account pending a
further British report.

Chilean cruisers left yesterday to make an investigation
on the spot. The best Chilean opinion tends generally not

171

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to give the affair too much importance, even if the German
version proves correct, in view of the continuous violations
of Chilean neutrality by the Dresden.

The following is the account of the sinking of the Dresden
officially circulated through the German wireless stations : —

' Wounded officers of the Dresden state that the Dresden
was anchored at a distance of 400 metres from the shore in
the Cumberland Bay of Juan Fernandez, when she was attacked
in the early morning of March 14 by the Kent, Glasgow, and
Orama. She returned the fire of the enemy at a distance of
from 3000 to 3500 metres, with several shots. One enemy
volley struck and seriously damaged the stern of the Dresden.

' Thereupon the Dresden hoisted the parlementaire flag, and
sent a boat with a protest against the bombardment of the
vessel in a neutral harbour. The English Commander replied
that he had instructions to destroy the Dresden, and that
what followed would have to be diplomatically arranged, and
that, if the Dresden did not blow herself up, he would do so.
Thereupon the greater part of the crew of the Dresden was
landed, while the Commander and a small number of the
remaining crew blew the ship up, and also landed afterwards.

' The number of killed is as yet undecided, and amounts to
about from three to ten. The number of wounded amounts
to fifteen. A Chilean vessel was also damaged by splinters of
the English shells. Splinters also fell on shore. The Chilean
Government has sent two men-of-war to Juan Fernandez to
investigate the matter. — BOY-ED/

Captain Boy-Ed, whose signature appears to the above, is
the German Naval Attache at Washington.

A Reuter telegram from Santiago states that the crew of
the Dresden will be brought to Valparaiso and interned in
Chile.

Amsterdam, March 24.

An official telegram from Berlin states that the commander
and the crew of the German cruiser Dresden have arrived at
Valparaiso on board a Chilean cruiser.

The commander, adds the telegram, has sent the following
report of the action :
172

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

On March 14, in the forenoon, the Dresden was lying at
anchor in Cumberland Bay, Juan Fernandez, when the ship
was attacked by the British cruisers Kent and Glasgow and the
auxiliary cruiser Orama from such a direction as enabled the
Dresden to bring only her after guns to bear. The Dresden
replied to the fire until all the available guns and three
magazines had become unserviceable.

In order to prevent the capture of the ship by the enemy
preparations were made for sinking her, while at the same time
a parlementaire was sent to the Glasgow to point out that the
Dresden was in neutral waters. As, however, despite this, the
Glasgow wished to continue the attack, the Dresden was blown
up at ii. 16 with her flag flying, while the crew gave three
cheers for the Emperor.

This disproves the English statement that the Dresden
hoisted the white flag and surrendered.

NOTES EXCHANGED WITH THE CHILEAN MINISTER
RESPECTING THE SINKING OF THE GERMAN
CRUISER DRESDEN IN CHILEAN TERRITORIAL
WATERS

(Miscellaneous No. 9, 1915. Cd. 7859.)

No. i

The Chilean Minister to Sir Edward Grey
(Received March 26)

(Translation.)

Chilean Legation, London, March 26, 1915.

SIR, — In compliance with instructions from my Govern-
ment, I have the honour to inform your Excellency of the
facts which led to the sinking of the German cruiser Dresden
in Chilean territorial waters, as they appear to be estab-
lished by the information in the possession of the Chilean
Government.

The cruiser cast anchor on the gth March in Cumberland
Bay, in the island of Mas-a-Tierra, belonging to the Juan

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Fernandez group, 500 metres from the shore, and her com-
mander asked the Maritime Governor of the port for permission
to remain there for eight days for the purpose of repairing
her engines, which were, he said, out of order. The Maritime
Governor refused to grant the request, as he considered it
unfounded, and ordered the captain to leave the bay within
twenty-four hours, threatening to intern the cruiser if her
stay were prolonged beyond that period. Upon the expiry
of the time stated the Maritime Governor proceeded to
notify the captain of the Dresden that he had incurred the
penalty imposed, and he immediately reported the situation
which had arisen to the Governor of the Republic. Mean-
while, on the I4th March, a British naval squadron, com-
posed of the cruisers Kent and Glasgow and the armed trans-
port Orama, arrived at Cumberland Bay, and immediately
opened fire upon the Dresden while she lay at anchor. The
Maritime Governor, who was making his way towards the
Glasgow in order to carry out the usual obligations of courtesy,
was compelled to return to land.

The Dresden hoisted a flag of truce, and despatched one
of her officers to inform the Glasgow that she was in neutral
waters, a circumstance disregarded by the British naval
squadron, which summoned the Dresden to surrender, warning
her that if she refused she would be destroyed. The captain
of the Dresden then gave orders to blow up the powder
magazine and sink the ship.

The act of hostility committed in Chilean territorial
waters by the British naval squadron has painfully surprised
my Government.

The internment of the Dresden had been notified to her
captain by the Maritime Governor of Juan Fernandez, and
the Government of the Republic, having been informed of
what had occurred, would have proceeded to the subsequent
steps had it not been for the intervention of the British naval
squadron. Having regard to the geographical position of
the islands of Juan Fernandez and to the difficulty of com-
munication with the mainland, the only authority able to
act in the matter did everything possible from the outset,
and the internment of the Dresden was as effective and
complete as the circumstances would permit when she was
attacked by the British naval squadron. Even supposing

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

that the British force feared that the Dresden intended to
escape and to ignore the measures taken by the Maritime
Governor of Juan Fernandez, and that this apprehension was
adduced as the reason which determined its action, it should
still be observed that the close watch which the British naval
squadron could itself exercise precluded the possibility of the
attempt. Moreover, no such eventuality was contemplated
by the British squadron which, as I have said, did not give
the Maritime Governor of Mas-a-Tierra the opportunity of
explaining to the naval officer in command of the island the
state of the Dresden in Cumberland Bay. The officer in
command of the squadron acted a priori without pausing to
consider that his action constituted a serious offence against
the sovereignty of the country in whose territorial waters he
was at the time. The traditions of the British navy are
such that I feel convinced that if the officer who commanded
the British squadron had received the Maritime Governor,
who was going on board his ship in the fulfilment of his
duty, and had been informed of the state of the interned
vessel, he would not have opened fire upon her and would
not have brought about the situation which now con-
strains my Government, in defence of their sovereign rights,
to formulate the most energetic protest to His Britannic
Majesty's Government.

Your Excellency will not be surprised that the attitude of
the naval squadron should have aroused such deep feeling
in Chile if you bear in mind the fact that the British warships
composing it had received, shortly before and upon repeated
occasions, convincing proofs of the cordial friendship which
unites us to Great Britain, and which finds its clearest and
strongest expression in our respective navies. They had been
supplied in the ports of the Republic with everything which it
was permissible for us to furnish consistent with our neutrality
in the present European conflict. Nothing, therefore, could
be a more painful surprise to us than to see our exceedingly
cordial and friendly attitude repaid by an act which bears
unfortunately all the evidences of contempt for our sovereign
rights, although it is probable that nothing was further from
the minds of those by whom it was unthinkingly committed.

Nor will your Excellency be astonished that my Govern-
ment should show themselves to be very jealous of the

i75

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

rights and prerogatives inherent in the exercise of sovereignty.
Nations which lack powerful material means of making their
rights respected have no other guarantee and protection for
their life and prosperity than the clear and perfect under-
standing, and the exact and scrupulous fulfilment of the
obligations incumbent upon them towards other nations, and
the right to demand that other nations shall equally observe
their duties towards them. Few nations have given more
convincing proofs than Great Britain of their desire to comply
with international obligations and to require compliance from
others, and few have shown more eloquently their respect
for the rights and prerogatives both of great and small
nations. These facts convince my Government that His
Britannic Majesty's Government will give them satisfaction
for the act committed by the British naval forces of a char-
acter to correspond with the frankly cordial relations existing
between them. Nothing could be more deeply deplored by
the Chilean Government than that the traditional bonds of
friendship uniting the two peoples, which my Government
value so highly, and upon which they base so many hopes
of new and mutual benefits, should fail to derive on this
occasion additional strength from the test to which circum-
stances have subjected them. — I have, etc.

AGUSTIN EDWARDS.

No. 2
Sir Edward Grey to the Chilean Minister

Foreign Office, March 30, 1915.

SIR, — His Majesty's Government, after receiving the com-
munication from the Chilean Government of the 26th March,
deeply regret that any misunderstanding should have arisen
which should be a cause of complaint to the Chilean Govern-
ment ; and, on the facts as stated in the communication
made to them, they are prepared to offer a full and ample
apology to the Chilean Government.

His Majesty's Government, before receiving the com-
munication from the Chilean Government, could only con-
jecture the actual facts at the time when the Dresden was
discovered by the British squadron ; and. even now they
are not in possession of a full account of his action by the
176

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

captain of the Glasgow. Such information as they have
points to the fact that the Dresden had not accepted intern-
ment, and still had her colours flying and her guns trained.
If this was so, and if there were no means available on the
spot at the moment for enforcing the decision of the Chilean
authorities to intern the Dresden, she might obviously, had
not the British ships taken action, have escaped again to
attack British commerce. It is believed that the island
where the Dresden had taken refuge is not connected with
the mainland by cable. In these circumstances, if the
Dresden still had her colours flying and her guns trained,
the captain of the Glasgow probably assumed, especially in
view of the past action of the Dresden, that she was defying
the Chilean authorities and abusing Chilean neutrality, and
was only awaiting a favourable opportunity to sally out and
attack British commerce again.

If these really were the circumstances, His Majesty's
Government cannot but feel that they explain the action
taken by the captain of the British ship ; but, in view of
the length of time that it may take to clear up all the cir-
cumstances and of the communication that the Chilean
Government have made of the view that they take from the
information they have of the circumstances, His Majesty's
Government do not wish to qualify the apology that they now
present to the Chilean Government. — I have, etc.

E. GREY.

ATALANTA AND FINGAL TORPEDOED

Admiralty, March 17.

British steamship Atalanta, 519 tons, owned by Messrs. J. Times,
and P. Hutchison, of Glasgow, was torpedoed by German March 18,
submarine off Inishturk about noon on March 14. The crew
landed on Inishturk Island. The vessel is now in harbour.

British steamship Fingal, 1562 tons, owned by the London
and Edinburgh Shipping Company, of Leith, was torpedoed
and sunk at 10.50 A.M. on March 15 off the Northumberland
coast. Twenty-one of the crew were landed at North Shields,
but six lives are reported to have been lost, including the chief
mate and the stewardess.

NAVAL 4 M 177

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

CUSTOMS (WAR POWERS) BILL
Order of the Day for the Second Reading read.

House of Lords, March 15, 1915.

Hansard. The PAYMASTER-GENERAL (LORD STRACHIE) I My Lords,

this is a war emergency Bill. It is proposed that it should
only remain in force, if your Lordships see fit to pass it, during
the continuation of the war, and ipso facto it will come to an
end at the conclusion of the war. An Inter-Departmental
Conference sat to consider the question of trading with the
enemy, and it was in consequence of the recommendations
made by the Conference that this Bill is introduced. Although
the Customs have great powers at the present moment to
deal with goods which are exported from this country, yet
there are small powers to deal with stores, and no notice is
required to be given to the Customs in regard to stores being
put on a vessel, for what purpose they are to be used, or their
destination. Therefore we take power under this Bill to
require that during the war the Customs shall have the same
power as regards stores just as much as over goods. I can
give your Lordships an instance of the necessity for this

S revision from the fact that not so long ago a ship was going
•om Swansea to Havre, and it took in stores at Swansea
to the amount of 400 gallons of petrol notwithstanding that
it was not a motor-boat and there was no reason to suppose
that it would require petrol to that amount for any purpose.
She was a neutral ; it was known that in the direction in which
she was going there were enemy ships which might be sup-
plied by that ship ; yet there was no power for the Customs
to interfere and prohibit her taking 400 gallons of petrol for
a voyage from Swansea to Havre.

There is also a provision imposing a penalty upon coasting
vessels leaving a port without proper clearance notice. That
is also considered by the Customs to be important. Then
there is another power which the Admiralty desire the Cus-
toms to have. Under an Order in Council while there is
power for the Customs to prohibit neutral ships from con-
veying goods on bills of lading made out to order only, without
any name of consignee, there is no power at the present
moment for the Customs to apply a similar treatment to

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

British ships. It is thought that it would be only fair to
neutral countries that we should have power, if we think fit,
to make this provision applicable to British ships as well.
There is another important provision. Under this Bill the
Customs may call upon any exporter to prove that goods
that had been sent out to a neutral country had not reached
the enemy, or, at any rate, had not reached the enemy with
his • connivance or consent. There is also power for the
Customs to detain any suspected goods ; and the last pro-
vision in the Bill gives power to seize all goods suspected as
coming from the enemies' countries. I think that your
Lordships will see that this Bill is one of great importance,
and that it is desirable to pass it at the earliest possible
moment. Therefore I hope your Lordships will allow me not
only to take the Second Reading to-day but to pass it through
all its subsequent stages.

Moved. That the Bill be now read 2a.

(Lord Strachie.)

The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, the noble Lord who
has introduced this Bill repeated the story which the Attorney-
General told the House of Commons the other day. I must
say it is the most extraordinary confession which has ever
been put by a Government before a nation at a time of crisis.
What is the confession ? It is that because the law was too
weak a neutral vessel was allowed only two or three weeks
ago to leave Swansea loaded with petrol which was known
to be destined for German submarines that were hovering in
the Channel. I do not care what the state of the law was.
At the very worst the Government could have had an Act
of Indemnity for stopping that petrol. Considering that
Parliament has given the Government every power for which
they have asked, I think it is an extraordinary thing that
the Custom House authorities and the Admiralty between
them, whatever the state of the law, should have allowed
such a ship to leave our ports with such a cargo.

On Question, Bill read 20.

Committee negatived : Then (Standing Order No. XXXIX
having been suspended) Bill read 30, and passed.

Lord Strachie.

[This Bill was also debated on much the same lines in the House

179

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of Commons on March 10, but the only naval issue raised in either
debate was that touched upon by Lord Selborne, as cited above,
and it has not, therefore, been thought necessary to give the previous
debate in the House of Commons.]

PRIZE BOUNTIES

House of Commons, March 15, 1915.

Hansard. MR. GEORGE TERRELL asked whether the Government

have commenced to pay prize bounty to the relatives and
dependants of the men who have lost their lives in the recent
naval engagements ; and, if not, when they propose to do so ?

DR. MACNAMARA : No payment has yet been made,
and none could be made until the Prize Court have decided
how much shall be allowed and until certain other formalities
have been observed. The periodic payment of prize bounty
does not, I admit, represent so difficult a task as the periodic
payment of prize money. And whilst I do not wish it to be
understood that we shall necessarily wait till the end of the
war to distribute the bounty, I must not create the impression
that we shall find ourselves able to distribute it after each
well-defined engagement. I sympathise with the hon. gentle-
man's intention, and we shall do what we can to give effect
to it, though he no doubt will admit the difficulties.

MR. G. TERRELL asked whether, in view of the difficulty
in destroying a submarine and of the service rendered to the
State in doing so, and also of the number of vessels employed
who would be entitled to participate, the Government will
consider the advisability of increasing the prize bounty from
£5 a head to £50 a head of the crew of the submarine so
destroyed ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The prize bounty payable is fixed by
Act of Parliament, and an amendment of the Act would be
necessary before any such suggestion could be entertained.
Whilst I can give no undertaking, I will not absolutely
dismiss the suggestion. Meanwhile, I would point out that
the Admiralty have other means of rewarding officers and
men for their services in time of war.

MR. G. TERRELL asked what rewards, if any, the Govern-
ment propose to pay to the captains and crews of merchant
ships who have been successful in destroying enemy sub-
marines ?
180

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DR. MACNAMARA : As I stated in reply to the hon. baronet,
the Member for Mid- Armagh on Wednesday last,1 the Admir- l [See
alty are always ready to mark any act of daring and good P- 107.]
seamanship, which assists the naval operations, in a fitting
manner, but I have no further statement to make on the
subject at present.

MR. TERRELL : Can the right hon. gentleman say when
he will be able to make a statement as to these rewards ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I should not like to say without notice.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEWS (ADMIRALTY)

MR. R. M'NEILL asked the First Lord of the Admiralty ibid.
if he is aware of the inconvenience frequently caused to the
Press by the hour at which announcements of news are issued
from the Admiralty ; whether he will give instructions that
when important and lengthy communications, such as the
recent despatches of Admirals Sturdee and Beatty, are to be
made public, the Press shall be notified as early as possible
in the day that such communications may be expected and
of the approximate length of such communications, and that
the communications themselves shall reach the Press when-
ever practicable not later than 8 P.M. ; and whether, having
regard to the fact that many newspapers are published in
the afternoon, he will issue communications to the Press
before noon in all cases where news which it has been decided
to publish is then to hand at the Admiralty, instead of adher-
ing to the practice of keeping back such communications
until a late hour in the evening ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As stated in reply to other questions
on this subject, the Admiralty desire to meet the convenience
of the Press as much as possible in all such matters, and an
endeavour will be made that, in the case of all lengthy dis-
patches to be published, ample time may be allowed.

MR. M'NEILL : Can the right hon. gentleman not arrange
that the news should be communicated, having regard to
the time limit required by the Press ?

DR. MACNAMARA : We do all we can.

MR. M'NEILL : May I call the right hon. gentleman's
attention to that part of the question which mentions 8 P.M.
as the latest time to receive communications ?

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DR. MACNAMARA : The hon. gentleman will see that I
could not give any definite undertaking.

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE : Will the right hon. gentleman
consider the provincial Press in this matter, and see that
they are supplied at the same time as the London Press ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I am not aware that there is any
distinction made.

MR. R. M'NEILL asked the First Lord of the Admiralty if

he will explain why the news of the sinking of the S.S. Princess

1 [See Victoria,1 off the Bar lightship at an early hour on the gth

p. ioo.] of March, which was known in shipping centres by 10 A.M.

on that day, was not allowed to be published by the evening

newspapers, but was held back by the censor until midnight ;

and whether he will give instructions that in future the

evening newspapers shall not be unfairly deprived of the

opportunity of publishing important news until after their

morning competitors of the following day ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Admiralty cannot undertake to
give specific reasons for their action in sending any particular
notice to the bureau at one time rather than another, but
their wish is to announce such losses as soon as practicable.
To attempt to consider the jival claims of evening and morn-
ing papers to receive such news would lead to further diffi-
culties.

MR. M'NEILL : Is the right hon. gentleman aware that
the particular case mentioned in the question was known
at a very early hour, and was held back in order that the
evening papers should not publish it first ?

DR. MACNAMARA : No ; I know from the question that
this particular news was known in shipping centres by 10 A.M.,
and I assumed that at once, but I do not think the hon.
member is entitled to say that this news was held back because
the Admiralty thought it was undesirable that it should
appear in the evening papers.

PRISONERS OF WAR (HIRE OF SHIPS FOR
INTERNMENT)

House of Commons, March 15, 1915.

Hansard. MR. BOWERMAN asked the First Lord of the Admiralty how

the sum of £86,000, allotted for the maintenance of prisoners
182

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of war interned on ships, has been apportioned ; how many
ships have been employed ; what rent is being paid for each
ship ; how many prisoners there are on each ship ; what is the
cost of fitting out each ship for the accommodation of the
prisoners ; what amount is allowed for the food supplied to
each man ; whether any clothing or boots are given to the
men, and, if so, the value ; and what is the cost of administra-
tion on each ship, including the salaries of the staff employed ?
DR. MACNAMARA : Nine ships have been utilised for the
internment of prisoners of war. The hire of these ships
amounts to £86,000 per month, and varies from £7000 to
£12,500 per month according to the gross tonnage. Three of
the ships have now been taken off this service. The number
of prisoners on board the remainder are : —

Ascania

Scotian

Lake Manitoba

Saxonia

Ivernia

Royal Edward

1397
1132
1242
2300

1575

1200

The cost of fitting each ship was about £1000 — £1500. The
cost of victualling prisoners is under discussion with the owners
of the vessels. Clothing and boots are supplied to the men as
required. The salaries of the staff are as follows : —

One Adjutant and Quartermaster — Regimental pay and

allowances of rank, plus 35. a day extra duty pay.
One Interpreter — £3 a week.
One Medical Officer — About i6s. a day.
One Quarter-master Sergeant — 45. 6d. a day.
One Provost Sergeant — 35. 2d. a day.
Four Civilian Clerks — 245. to 305. a week.

For every three ships, a Commandant, with regimental pay
and allowances of rank, plus 55. a day command pay. These
ships were taken up by the Admiralty at the request of the
War Office, to house prisoners for whom no accommodation
was available ashore. But, as I stated in my reply to the
hon. Member for the Kirkdale Division of Liverpool on
Thursday last, it is expected that by the middle of April all
the vessels now engaged in housing alien prisoners will have

183

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

been vacated, and the ships will then be released unless
required for other Government services.

[The following is the question and answer above referred to.

PRISONERS OF WAR

House of Commons, March n, 1915.

MR. PENNEFATHER asked the President of the Board of Trade if
the Government will consider the possibility of using passenger vessels
such as those of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, which are
now idle, for the purpose of housing German prisoners, thereby setting
free for the ordinary purposes of commerce any cargo-carrying vessels
which may now be employed by the Government to accommodate
such prisoners ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR. MAC-
NAMARA) : It is expected that by the middle of April all the vessels
now engaged in housing alien prisoners will have been vacated, and
the ships will then be released unless required for other Government
services.]

BRITISH MERCHANT SHIPS DETAINED,
CAPTURED, OR DESTROYED

House of Commons, March 15, 1915.

MR. HOUSTON asked the First Lord of the Admiralty
whether he has any information showing that the British
steamer Van Dyke, with a valuable cargo, captured by a
German cruiser some months ago on the coast of South
America, is now in Hamburg or other German North Sea
port ; and, if so, can he state how she arrived there ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I have no information as to the where-
abouts of this vessel.

MAJOR MEYSEY-THOMPSON asked the First Lord of the
Admiralty if he can state the total number of British merchant
ships detained, captured, or destroyed by the enemy from the
beginning of the present war up to date ; is the official state-
ment that during the war with France, 1793 to 1814, there
were 10,871 British merchant ships captured or destroyed by
the enemy, drawn from any Admiralty or other British official
records, or is it founded upon unofficial records derived from
184

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

French sources ; and is there official information disproving
the accuracy of Lloyd's Official Record, which gives the
number of British merchant ships captured or sunk by the
enemy during the period 1793 to 1814 as 7353 ?

MR. CHURCHILL : The answer to the first part of the
question is 166 up to the loth March. With regard to the
remainder of the question, the number quoted in my statement
in the House on the I5th February l was based on information l [See
mainly derived from French official sources, from which it Naval 3,
may be judged that Lloyd's figures are incomplete.

INTERNED ENEMY STEAMERS

MR. NEEDHAM asked the Secretary of State for the Colonies ibid.
if he will state how many enemy steamers are interned on the
West Coast of Africa ; and whether, in view of the fears of a
shortage of tonnage arising from the serious disorganisation
of outward sailings to the West Coast of Africa from this
country, he can see his way to employ for purposes of trade
such enemy steamers which are at present interned ?

MR. HARCOURT : There are only two small steamers
interned on the West Coast, and arrangements are being made
for the employment of both of them.

BRITISH MERCHANT VESSELS LOST
DURING THE WAR

The Secretary of the Admiralty communicates lists (i) of Times,
British merchant and fishing vessels lost by hostile action March 15,
since the outbreak of war, and (2) of British vessels reported I9I5<
sunk by German submarines, March 4 to March 10
inclusive : —

WEEK BY WEEK SUMMARY

The following list shows the number of British merchant
vessels lost by hostile action in each week since the outbreak
of the war, the column within parentheses showing the total

185

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

arrival and sailings of oversea steamers (over 300 tons net)
of all nationalities to and from United Kingdom ports : —

Enemy

Sub-

Gross

Cruisers.

Mines.

marines.

Total.

Tonnage.

Aug. 12 (801)

—

6,800

Aug. 19 (985) .

—

18,861

Aug. 26 (1260) .

—

4,233

Sept. 2 (1274) .

—

4,336

Sept. 9 (1297) .

—

8,863

Sept. 16 (1120) .

—

' —

41,136

Sept. 23 (1228) .

—

13,339

Sept. 30 (1223) •

—

29,254

Oct. 7(1328) .

—

16,931

Oct. 14 (1340) .

—

12,096

Oct. 21 (1416) .

25,5o8

Oct. 28 (1374) .

—

I8,443

Nov. 4 (1237) •

—

Nov. ii (1354) .

—

Nov. 18 (1227) •

—

3,691

Nov. 25 (1130) .

—

718

Dec. 2 (1295) .

6,230

Dec. 9 (1217) .

—

8,881

Dec. 16 (1526) .

—

4,010

Dec. 23 (1294) .

—

4,272

Dec. 30 (1329) .

—

7,028

Jan. 6 (1180) .

—

Jan. 13 (1355) .

—

7,°43

Jan. 20 (1584) .

—

7,885

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ATTACKS

ON MERCHANT VESSELS

Jan. 27 (1503) .

—

1,301

Feb. 3 (1420) .

—

15,825

Feb. 10 (1418) .

—

Feb. 17 (1438) .

—

4,7io

COMMENCEMENT OF

SUBMARINE

' BLOCKADE '

(Feb. 18)

Feb. 24 (1381) .

26,941

Mar. 3 (1474) .

—

1,694

Mar. 10 (1557) .

—

186

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

FISHING VESSELS

The following table, complementary to that given above,
shows the total number of British fishing vessels sunk or
captured since the outbreak of the war : —

By Vessels

Week of all By Gross

ending. Classes. Mines. Tonnage.

Aug. 12 . . .1 227

Aug. 19 . . . —

Aug. 26 . . .24 4141

Sept. 2 ... — 3 336

Sept. 9 ... — 2 425

Sept. 16 . . —

Sept. 23 ... — 2 341

Sept. 30 ... — —

Oct. 7 ... — —

Oct. 14 . . —

Oct. 21 . . . —

Oct. 28 . . . —

Nov. 4 ... — 5 583

Nov. ii ... — i 60

Nov. 18 — i 50

Nov. 25 ... — i 50

Dec. 2 . . . —

Dec. 9 ... — —

Dec. 16 . . . 3 294

Dec. 23 ... — i 260

Dec. 30 . . . —

Jan. 6 ... —

Jan. 13 . . . -

Jan. 20 . 4 ., . — — —

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ATTACKS ON MERCHANT VESSELS
Jan. 27 . . . - _2 222 {

Feb. ii . . . —

Feb. 17 ... — —

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ' BLOCKADE ' (Feb. 18)

Feb. 24 . —

Mar. 3 — I 289

Mar. 10 — — —

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

A WEEK'S LOSSES

List of British vessels reported to have been sunk by
German submarines from March 4 to March 10 inclusive : —

Date. Ships. Tons. Position. Lives Lost.

Mar. 7. Bengrove . . 3839 Off Ilfracombe

Mar. 9. Tangistan . . 3738 Off Scarborough 37

Mar. 9. Blackwood . . 1230 Off Hastings

Mar. 9. Princess Victoria . 1108 Off Liverpool

SEVEN MERCHANT VESSELS ATTACKED

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty announces that since

March 15, Wednesday last [March 10] the following British merchant
I9I5- ships have been attacked by enemy submarines :—

NOT SUNK

British steamship Adenwen, 3798 tons, owned by Messrs.
W. and C. T. Jones Steamship Company (Limited), Cardiff,
was torpedoed on March n, at 7 A.M., in the English Channel,
and has since been towed into Cherbourg. The crew have
been landed at Brixham.

SINKING NOT YET CONFIRMED

British steamship Florazan, 4658 tons, owned by the
Liverpool Shipping Company (Limited) (Messrs. H. Vernie
and Sons), Liverpool, was torpedoed on March n, at 9.20 P.M.,
at the mouth of the Bristol Channel. The crew have been
landed at Milford Haven with the exception of one fireman.

NOT SUNK

British steamship Headlands, 2988 tons, owned by the
Sefton Steamship Company (Limited) (Messrs. H. E. Moss
and Co.), Liverpool, was torpedoed on March 13, off the
Scillys. Crew reported saved.

SUNK

British steamship Indian City, 4645 tons, owned by the
Instow Steamship Company (Limited) (Messrs. W. R. Smith
188

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY—NAVAL

and Sons), Cardiff, was torpedoed on March 12, off the Sallys.
Crew reported saved.

SINKING NOT CONFIRMED

British steamship Andalusian, 2350 tons, owned by the
Ellerman Lines (Limited), ' Liverpool, was attacked on
March 12, off the Scillys. Crew reported saved.

SUNK.

British steamship Invergyle, 1794 tons, owned by Messrs.
Stewart and Gray, Glasgow, was torpedoed March 13, at
9.25 A.M., off Cresswell. The crew have all been saved.

NOT SUNK.

British steamship Hartdale, 3839 tons, owned by Messrs.
Trechmann Bros., West Hartlepool, was torpedoed at 6 A.M.,
March 13, off South Rock, Irish Channel. Twenty-nine of
the crew of thirty-one were picked up by the Swedish steam-
ship Heindal and landed at Bangor ; the remaining two lives
are lost.

SWEDISH STEAMER SEIZED BY GERMANS

Copenhagen, March 15.

A telegram from Helsingborg states that the steamer Times,
Gloria, of Helsingborg, has been captured by the Germans March 16,
and brought to Swinemiinde. The vessel was on her way I9I5-
from La Plata to Stockholm, laden with maize. — Renter.

PETROL AND GERMAN SUBMARINES

House of Lords, March 16, 1915.

LORD CHARNWOOD : My Lords, I beg to ask the Govern- Hansard.
ment a question of which I have given private notice —
namely, whether the neutral vessel which was yesterday 1 i [See
stated in this House to have taken on board at Swansea p. 178.]
stores of petrol presumably intended for the use of German
submarines was allowed to leave the port with those stores ?

The FIRST COMMISSIONER OF WORKS (LORD EMMOTT) : I
may inform the House that the Dutch vessel Theodora left

189

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Swansea on January 9 after shipping ninety cases of petrol.
The shippers were prosecuted for shipping petrol without
giving notice, and were fined five shillings. The Admiralty
are satisfied in regard to this case that the petrol was not
intended for the use of enemy submarines.

FRANCE (BRITISH NAVAL SUPPORT)

House of Commons, March 16, 1915.

Hansard. MR. OuTHWAiTE asked at what time the decision of the

Cabinet to give naval support to France was conveyed to
the French Ambassador at London on 2nd August ; and
whether he can state at what time on the same day the
demand of the German Government for a passage-way through
Belgium was presented at Brussels ?

SIR E. GREY : I cannot at this distance of time say pre-
cisely at what hours various communications were made,
unless they were stated or recorded in the papers at the
time. In any case there is no connection between the two
points, since, as the White Paper clearly shows, the German
Government were asked by His Majesty's Government
whether they would respect the neutrality of Belgium so
long as no other Power violated it, and declined to give an
answer, a considerable time before the question of naval
support to France was even discussed.

MR. OUTHWAITE : Is it not a fact that the demand made
by the German Government on Belgium was the first indica-
tion of Germany's intended action ?

SIR E. GREY : It certainly was an indication. The first
indication of Germany's intended action was that we addressed
a request simultaneously to the French and German Govern-
ments some time — they are both reported in the docu-
ments— in the preceding week. The French Government at
once replied in the affirmative that they would respect the
neutrality of Belgium, but the German Government said
they could not give an answer.

MR. KING : Is any record kept at the Foreign Office of
the exact hour when telegraphic communications are sent off ?

SIR E. GREY : Of telegrams, yes ; but if I make a com-
munication to an Ambassador the date but not the hour is
recorded.
190

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ROYAL NAVAL DIVISION

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admiralty ibid.
whether he will consider the possibility of reserving some com-
missions in the Royal Naval Division for qualified non-com-
missioned officers of the Royal Marine forces ?

DR. MACNAMARA : There have been eight commissions
given as quartermasters in the Royal Naval Division, and
four combatant commissions for service with the Naval
battalions. In the Royal Marine Brigade fifteen combatant
commissions have been granted, and four commissions as
quartermaster.

REPORTED ESCAPE OF INTERNED GERMAN

LINER

Las P almas, March 16.

The German liner Macedonia, which acted as collier and Times,
supply ship to the German commerce destroyers in the Atlantic, March 17,
and which was brought here in October by the Spanish war-
ship Cataluna, has disappeared. She took advantage of the
absence of the guard warship and left before dawn this morning.
Her departure has caused a sensation. — Renter.

Madrid, March 23.

A Reuter telegram from Las Palmas, dated March 16, Times,
stated that the German liner Macedonia had disappeared, March 24,
having taken advantage of the absence of the guardship, and
departed before dawn. I now learn that the statement is
inaccurate and that the Macedonia is still in port.

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : May i,

The German steamship Macedonia, which escaped from I9I5-
Las Palmas, Canary Islands, a few weeks ago, has now been
captured by one of our cruisers.

191

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ANOTHER ATTEMPTED ESCAPE OF AN
INTERNED LINER

New York, March 21.

Times, A telegram from San Juan, Puerto Rico, states that the

March 23, Hamburg- Amerika steamer Odenwald, which has been there

since August, made an attempt to steal out to sea. The guns

of the forts fired blank cartridge across her bows, but the

steamer continued on her course until live shells were fired.

She then returned, and was seized by the Customs authorities.

The vessel was arrested under the congressional resolution,

empowering the President to prevent supplies being sent from

American ports to ships of belligerents at sea. — Renter.

Washington, March 22.

ibid. The view is held in official quarters here that, if the

Odenwald had succeeded in getting out to sea, she might have
transferred stores to the Kronprinz Wilhelm, which was
recently reported off the east coast of South America, while,
according to a still later rumour, she was stated to be not far
from Puerto Rico.

The specific charge made by the Customs authorities
against the Odenwald is that she attempted to leave port
without clearing. — Renter.

DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO
THE ODENWALD

The German Ambassador to the Secretary of State
(Translation)

German Embassy,
Washington, April i, 1915.

U.S.D.C. MR. SECRETARY OF STATE : On the i8th of last month the

German steamer Odenwald lying in the port of San Juan de
Porto Rico applied for clearance for Hamburg. The Collector
of Customs then declared that he had to inquire of Washington
whether the steamer could be cleared. On the igth the
steamer was subjected to a thorough search, alleged to have
been ordered from Washington. The search, according to
the statement of the Collector of Customs, proved satisfactory
192

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

in every respect. The ship's cargo consisted of 1500 tons of
coal and provisions. On the 2Oth of March the same official
again conducted another strict inspection. Clearance papers
were nevertheless again refused as they had been the day
before on the plea that no answer had yet come from
Washington. The Collector of Customs, urged by the agent
of the Hamburg- American Line, promised, however, to send
an urgent telegram that night to Washington.

Again on the next day (March 21) the ship's captain
waited in vain for a final decision. Thus he decided to put
to sea without clearance papers. The captain, so he asserts,
found himself in a critical situation, as further delay made the
danger of enemy cruisers gathering worse every day. With
that situation he tried to deal fairly in taking the course he
did.

Just before passing Buoys H C and Co the ship met with a
brisk machine-gun fire from Morro Castle. A few minutes
later a solid cannon shot struck the water a short distance
in front of the ship's bow, raising a column of water from 10
to 12 feet high. The engine was immediately stopped and
backed at full speed. The forward motion of the ship ceased
at once, in spite of which she was fired upon about three minutes
longer ; marks of the bullets can be plainly seen in various
places of the ship and hall. It was only through luck that no
human life was lost in that onslaught.

A few affidavits x fully describing the occurrence are re-
spectfully enclosed with a request that they be returned.

I have the honour to beg your Excellency kindly to let me
know why her papers were not delivered to the Odenwald
though in the opinion of the harbour officials after two thorough
searches of the ship they had no ground upon which to refuse
the said papers. Finally, I am unable to conceal from your
Excellency that the reckless action of the harbour authorities
in opening fire on the steamer without warning does not seem
to me to have been justified by the circumstances of the case.
It could hardly be the intention of the American Government
to endanger, without imperative cause, the lives of a ship's
crew for the mere sake of insuring orderly traffic in the harbour.
— Accept, etc., J. BERNSTORFF.

1 Not printed.

NAVAL 4 N 193

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The Secretary of State to the German Ambassador.

Department of State,
Washington, May 3, 1915.

EXCELLENCY : I have the honour to acknowledge the
receipt of your Excellency's note of April i last in relation to
the refusal of the United States Collector of Customs at San
Juan, Porto Rico, to clear the German steamer Odenwald
for Hamburg with a cargo of 1500 tons of coal and provisions.
Your Excellency reviews certain circumstances connected
with this incident, and states that after two thorough searches
of the vessel, application for clearance was denied by the
collector on the plea that he had as yet received no instructions
from Washington authorising clearance and that the captain
finally decided to put to sea without clearance papers, as
further delay would cause increased danger from enemy
cruisers which were gathering off the port.

Your Excellency further states that as the ship was leaving
the harbour on the afternoon of Sunday, March 21, she ' met
with a brisk machine-gun fire from Morro Castle. A few
minutes later a solid cannon shot struck the water a short
distance in front of the ship's bow, raising a column of water
from ten to twelve feet high. The engine was immediately
stopped and backed at full speed. The forward motion of the
ship ceased at once, in spite of which she was fired upon about
three minutes longer. Marks of the bullets can be plainly
seen in various places of the ship and hull. It was only
through luck that no human life was lost in that onslaught/

The foregoing statements are based on affidavits by the
German Consul in Porto Rico, the captain of the Odenwald,
the first officer, the third officer, and the chief engineer, which
you enclosed.

Your Excellency requests to be advised as to why the
Odenwald's clearance papers were refused, though in the
opinion of the harbour officials, after two thorough inspections
of the vessel, there was no ground upon which to decline to
issue the papers, and your Excellency declares that ' the
reckless action of the harbour authorities in opening fire on
the steamer without warning ' does not seem to you to have
been ' justified by the circumstances of the case, as it could
hardly be the intention of the American Government to
194

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

endanger, without imperative cause, the lives of a ship's crew
for the mere sake of insuring orderly traffic in the harbour.'

In reply I have the honour to state that upon the report
to this Government by the authorities at San Juan of certain
circumstances surrounding the preparation of the Odenwald
for sea an investigation was immediately instituted. Until
the investigation was concluded and acted upon at Washington
the authorities at San Juan were instructed to decline to issue
clearance papers to the Odenwald. While this investigation
was pending, and while the Collector of Customs at San Juan
was acting under these instructions, the captain of the Odenwald
reached the determination that he would depart without
authorised clearance and in open violation of the customs laws
of the United States. Circumstances, which it does not seem
necessary to relate here, have shown that the suspicions as to
the bona fides of the application for clearance, which had been
aroused by the preparations for sailing by the officers of the
Odenwald, acting in conjunction with the officers of the
German steamer President, lying in the same harbour, were
well founded, and that this Government and its officers at
San Juan were justified in the course which they took in de-
ferring the clearance of the Odenwald. Irrespective of the
substantial grounds for the suspicions of the port officials at
San Juan, the fact remains that the Odenwald in her endeavour
to leave port on March 21 last without papers committed a
wilful breach of the navigation laws of the United States,
because of which judicial proceedings have been brought by
the United States against the vessel and the persons concerned
in her illegal conduct which made it necessary for the United
States authorities to employ force to prevent her unauthorised
departure on a mission which this Government felt at the
time might constitute a breach of the neutrality of the United
States and result in a possible claim for lack of due diligence
on the part of this Government in performing its neutral
duties.

As to the assertion that the reckless action of the port
authorities in their exercise of force endangered human lives
on board the Odenwald, I have the honour to inform your
Excellency that this Government has had instituted a thorough
and searching investigation into the circumstances of the
attempted sailing and arrest of the Odenwald on March 21.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The result of this investigation, which is supported by the
statements and affidavits of the officers of the customs, as
well as of the military officers in charge of the defences of the
port, establish the following facts :

On March 19, at a conference between the Collector of
Customs, Colonel Burnham, United States Army, the German
Consul, the captain of the Odenwald, and others, the captain of
the vessel was informed by Colonel Burnham that the latter
would use whatever force was necessary in order to prevent
the Odenwald from leaving port without the necessary custom-
house clearance, and that he would go to the length of using
the guns of his command in the forts for this purpose.

On March 20, at another conference between the same
persons, a similar statement was made to the captain of the
Odenwald, and it was arranged to place an armed party on
board the vessel, unless the captain, the vessel's agents, and the
German Consul would give assurances that no attempt would
be made to leave without proper papers. Promises were
given not to leave during the night of March 20-21. Never-
theless, it was discovered in the early morning hours of the
2 ist that officers from the German steamer President had
boarded the Odenwald, and that the machinery of the Odenwald
was being put in motion. - The port authorities thereupon
again notified the chief officer of the Odenwald not to depart
without clearance papers, warning him that the vessel would
be closely watched and would be stopped by force if
necessary.

On March 21, at about 3 P.M., the Odenwald raised anchor
and started her engines. The customs officer on board the
vessel at the time was told by the captain that if he desired
to go ashore he could take the sail boat of the steamer President,
which was at the gangway. The Odenwald had moved ahead
about five lengths when the customs officer notified the captain
that the vessel could not leave port without clearance papers.
Notwithstanding this notice the vessel continued in motion,
and the officer was under the necessity of leaving the ship
while she was under way.

As she passed San Augustin Bastion, 500 feet from Morro
Castle, Captain Wood, United States Army, who was there
stationed with a machine gun, hailed the vessel several times
and ordered her to stop, in circumstances which made it
196

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

impossible for the officers of the vessel not to have heard the
order. The Odenwald nevertheless continued on her course,
whereupon about seventy-five shots were fired from the
machine gun mounted on the bastion. These shots were aimed
and fell a considerable distance in front and short of the
Odenwald. In order not to endanger craft which appeared
ahead of the Odenwald as she proceeded, fifteen shots were
fired from the machine gun, which fell off the stern of the
vessel. Although these were small solid shots, they were
used as a warning, because it is not possible to use blank
cartridges in a machine gun. The machine gun was not
aimed at the Odenwald, nor did any of the shots strike the
vessel. Any marks on the Odenwald 's hull, which is old and
scarred through many months of sea service, were made by
other causes than by machine-gun bullets striking the vessel,
according to the proofs laid before this Government.

The Odenwald did not heed this warning or slacken her
speed. Thereupon a 4. 7-inch gun on the Morro Castle was
aimed and fired under the personal direction of Colonel
Burnham. The shot struck at least 300 yards in front of the
Odenwald and short of her projected course. The vessel then
stopped, and was taken back to her anchorage under the
direction of a pilot. No machine-gun shots could have been
fired from Morro Castle, as no machine guns are mounted at
that fort.

It will be observed that six distinct warnings were given
to the captain of the Odenwald that force would be used in
case he attempted to leave the harbour without the clearance
papers required by law, namely, at the conferences on March
19 and March 20, twice by the customs officers on board the
vessel on March 21, by the orders of Captain Wood from the
bastion, and by the shots from his machine gun. None of
these warnings was heeded by the captain, who persisted in
his determination to leave port in violation of the laws of
the United States, until the warning shot from Morro Castle
induced him to obey the regulations of the port.

Your Excellency will perceive from the foregoing statement
of facts that the United States authorities at San Juan in
the performance of their duties avoided any act endangering
the safety of the vessel and the lives of the persons on board,
and exercised no greater force than was necessary to prevent

197

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the illegal departure of the Odenwald from the port of San
Juan.

I have the honour, in accordance with your Excellency's
request, to return herewith the affidavits transmitted with
your note under acknowledgment. — Accept, etc.,

W. J. BRYAN.

DUTCH SHIPS SEIZED BY GERMANS

Amsterdam, March 21.

Times, The Dutch steamers Batavier V. and Zaanstroom have been

March 22, seized at sea by the Germans and taken into Zeebrugge.
I9I5- The arrest of the Batavier V. has excited the greatest

attention in the Netherlands, where public opinion universally
condemns the action. The Telegraaf says that Government,
trade, and shipping circles are greatly put out by the taking
of this steamer and the Zaanstroom. Competent persons ask,
says the Telegraaf, why, now that negotiations have led to
German goods destined for Dutch colonies not being detained
by the Entente Powers, does Germany pursue this policy by
which Dutch trade is very seriously hampered. It will be
difficult to explain this away. The result will be that all
traffic will be discontinued ^between Holland and Germany,
unless the protest made by Holland is yielded to by Germany.
On board the Batavier was a Belgian lady with her son of
sixteen years. This lady was going to visit her husband, an
officer fighting in France, who was about to take a brief
holiday in England. The lady had been five months in
Holland and went with the intention of living in England.
She stated that the passengers were awakened at 8 o'clock
on Thursday morning (March 18), and were told that a sub-
marine had seized the ship. She went on deck with fifty
passengers and saw U 28 alongside. Some officers and men
came aboard the Batavier, and assumed command of the boat
and took her to Zeebrugge.

Before they entered Zeebrugge port every one was ordered
to leave the deck and was confined to the cabins, the windows
of which were closed and no one was allowed to look out.
The Germans brought the ship into the inner harbour, where
the passengers remained two full days, no one being allowed
to go on deck or to look out of the windows. The passengers,
198

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

who included many Americans and Belgians, were prisoners.
After that a train was brought alongside the quay and the
passengers had to leave the ship and go to Ghent.

While they were proceeding from the boat to the train
they saw three or more German waterplanes on the water in
the harbour, also the submarine which brought them to
Zeebrugge and many soldiers. The windows of the train to
Ghent were closed, the passengers not being allowed to look
out. At Ghent all the Belgians over sixteen were taken
prisoners, including two priests. The remainder of the pas-
sengers were taken to Terneuzen and stayed there the night.
The German engine left at the frontier, and the passengers
travelled in the same train from Zeebrugge to Terneuzen.
During the two days they were imprisoned in the ship they
had no warm food, and they lived on eggs and cakes and
chocolate provided by the steward from the ship's stores.

The Germans hoisted the German war flag on the Zaan-
stroom and the Batavier V. on Saturday. Sixteen of the crew
of the Zaanstroom arrived to-day at Amsterdam. They state
that the crew consisted of twenty-four and that the captain
and eight men are detained aboard as prisoners of war. The
crew do not complain of the treatment. They said that the
Germans were kind to them and brought 20 kilogrammes of
black bread for them, their supplies being exhausted.

*#* The Batavier V. left Rotterdam on Thursday for London with
a general cargo and meat. The Zaanstroom was bound from Amsterdam
for London with eggs and a general cargo.

Amsterdam, March 22.

The extraordinary action of the Germans against Dutch Times,
shipping continues to absorb public attention. The news- March 23,
papers publish strong comments protesting against the violence I9I5-
thus offered to neutral vessels.

The Government awaits confirmation of the facts reported
in regard to the Zaanstroom, Batavier V., and Zevenbergen,
but in well-informed circles it is recognised that, if the incidents
occurred as the newspapers state, the situation assumes a
very serious character.

The Dutch are unable to comprehend why the Germans
should have suddenly adopted such provocative measures,

199

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and further developments are awaited with the keenest in-
terest, but without alarm.

Further details communicated by the Zevenbergen make
it clear that it was a Taube which threw the bombs at her,
after which the aeroplane followed white-funnelled English
steamers from Leith, at which she had previously thrown
bombs.

When bombs were aimed at the Zevenbergen she was about
five miles west of the Nordhinder. When the Zevenbergen
was lying with a number of other ships in the Downs at mid-
day on Saturday she saw an aeroplane throw bombs, but was
unable to observe whether any took effect. The Zevenbergen
also reported that at midday on Thursday last, near the
Royal Sovereign lightship, she saw two boats, one with
fourteen and the other with eight men. She steamed towards
them to render assistance, but an English torpedo-boat
arrived, picked up the men, and let the boats drift.

The report adds that it was noticed that the merchantmen
above mentioned, which were followed by the aeroplane, fired
on it.

Amsterdam, March 22.

The Zevenbergen was showing three flags indicating her
nationality on the masts, two Dutch flags on the bridge, and
three spread out on the deck, when the Taube attacked her.
The first bomb thrown fell into the water about 40 feet to
starboard of the steamer, and exploded. The second fell some
8 yards ahead of the ship, and exploded before reaching
the water. The crew were greatly excited by the incident,
and hastened to paint on the deck of the steamer the words
' Zevenbergen, Rotterdam, Holland/

The Naval Commander of Amsterdam has been instructed
to make an official investigation into the incident.

According to information received from shipping circles,
several steamship companies have petitioned the Dutch
Ministry of Foreign Affairs for explanations regarding the
arrest of the Zaanstroom and the Batavier V. This step has
been taken owing to the uncertainty prevailing in shipping
circles regarding the reasons for these seizures.

The directors of the company owning the Zaanstroom
have had an interview with the Minister for Foreign Affairs
200

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

at The Hague. It is still unknown whether the German
Government will confiscate food stuffs destined for private
persons in England, or whether they will reimburse the value
to the company.

The steamers Ystroom and Rijnstroom have left for England
since the incident.

It is rumoured that the steamer Eemstroom, of the same
company, which left on Wednesday for Hull, has also been
stopped in the North Sea by a German submarine. The
Eemstroom had only a small quantity of food stuffs aboard.
Details are still lacking. — Renter.

*#* The German wireless news circulated from Berlin under
yesterday's date states that ' the Dutch steamers Batavier and Zaan-
stroom, bound for London, have been brought to Zeebrugge by a
German submarine as prizes/

Rotterdam, March 22.

Since Saturday evening thirty steamers of different
nationalities have arrived here. The British steamer Elfland,
under charter to the Belgian Relief Committee, was the only
one attacked by a German aeroplane. The bombs dropped
did no damage.

During the same period twenty-one steamers of different
flags left the waterway, thus proving that German action
against navigation to and from Dutch ports has, so far, had
no influence on traffic. — Renter.

*** The British steamer Elfland left Bahia Blanca for Rotterdam
with a cargo of grain.

Amsterdam, March 24.

The tension occasioned by the arbitrary German action Times,
against the Batavier V. and the Zaanstroom is as yet unre- March 25,
lieved. It is supposed that these vessels will be retained and I9I5-
brought before the German Prize Court. This supposition is
based on the confiscation of provisions, which, apparently,
are considered contraband by the German Government, the

201

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

substitution of the German war flag for the Dutch flag, and
the dismissal of the major part of the crews.

It would seem that the Germans are likely to attempt to
justify their action by an appeal to the consideration that
the greater part of the cargo consisted of contraband. If
this position should be assumed, it is considered that it would
be untenable, having regard to the fact that there is nothing
in the German declarations of February 2 and 4 which gave
the least notice that provisions destined for England would
be regarded as conditional contraband. The appeal to the
Declaration of London by the Germans would carry no
weight, seeing that the Declaration was not agreed to by all
the parties interested, and, therefore, is entirely worthless.
Moreover, it is important to remember that when the Entente
Powers have taken action, they have restricted themselves to
confiscating the contraband on board while letting the ships
go free.

It is evident from the foregoing that the situation remains
serious. The Telegraaf, while expressing this view, adds that
it is the one generally accepted in the Netherlands. Foreign
countries, it says, would do well not to be misled by the calm
bearing of the Dutch. If opinion does not openly declare
itself, it is because it is desired to leave the Government full
freedom in regard to the decisions which it judges necessary
and which may be speedily awaited.

The Hague, March 24.

It is semi-officially announced that, up to noon to-day,
the Foreign Office has received no reply to the questions
addressed by the Dutch Minister in Berlin to the German
Government in regard to the Zaanstroom and Batavier.

Amsterdam, March 30.

Times, The Telegraaf learns to-night that ten men of the Zaanstroom

March 31, ancj eieven men of the Batavier V., including the captains of

both vessels, have arrived at Terneuzen, having been liberated.

They say that they were well treated by the Germans, who

state that both vessels must come before the Prize Court.

202

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DANISH CARGO CONFISCATED

Copenhagen, March 22.

The Danish steamer Bryssel, which was arrested by a Times,
German torpedo-boat and brought to Swinemiinde, has now March 23,
been released and has arrived at Copenhagen. Her cargo of I9I5-
motor oil, destined for Sweden, was, however, retained in
Germany. — Renter.

THE KARLSRUHE BELIEVED SUNK

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — March 20,

There is every reason to believe that the Karlsruhe was I9I5-
sunk in the neighbourhood of the West Indies at the begin-
ning of November, and that those of the crew who were
rescued reached Germany in the steamship Rio Grande, which
had been acting in concert with the Karlsruhe, early in
December.

RUSSIAN TROOPS AT MEMEL

An official German statement sent from Amsterdam early Times,
yesterday morning asserted that rumours of a fresh occupa- March 20,
tion of parts of the province of East Prussia by Russians were I9I5-
untrue, and that the German line in the Eastern theatre of
war ran from beginning to end on hostile territory. The
official communique issued in Berlin later in the day, however,
corrected this statement : —

' The situation near Memel, in Northern Prussia, is not yet
cleared. Russian forces, apparently of weak strength, have
entered Memel. Counter-measures have been taken/

Petrograd, March 21.

The German tales of ' frightfulness ' during the Russian Times,
occupation of Memel are circumstantially disproved by the March 22,
official reports. We neither imitated German methods nor I9I5-

203

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

resorted to reprisals. The panic-stricken garrison of the
Landsturm disbanded, and the whole population began sniping
our troops. Last autumn, during General Rennenkampf 's re-
tirement, the inhabitants of Tilsit, who had been treated by
him with the utmost kindness and consideration, fusilladed our
marching columns. This bitter experience taught our officers
that the townfolk of East Prussia are unable to appreciate
leniency.

The commander of the troops who occupied Memel had,
therefore, to choose between sacrificing his men or removing
the treacherous burgesses. Naturally he chose the latter.
Suitable quarters were provided for them along the sea front.
Here they impatiently await the appearance of their warships,
and transports are in the offing beyond the shoals of the
Kurische Haff. The swamps around Memel make rescue
impossible except from the sea, and landing is practicable
only on the deserted coast north of the city. The troops who
were driven across the Niemen beyond the German border
facing Tauroggen cannot be utilised for this purpose.

In the opinion of experts at least a division must be landed
to do any good. The attraction of some German forces to
the north has been the sole motive of the Russian move.
Hitherto we left the city alone simply because we did not
believe in ' frightfulness ' as a factor in success in war.

Petrograd, March 20.

A statement issued by the General Staff says : —
The communique issued by the German General Staff on
Friday regarding the advance of the Russian troops towards
Memel contained a threat of reprisals against Russian towns
and villages occupied by the enemy for losses which might be
sustained by the population of the region of Memel.

The Russian General Staff points out that Memel was
defended by the armed forces of the enemy and that fighting
occurred in the streets. The civil population having partici-
pated in the fighting, our troops were obliged to take the
necessary measures. Therefore, if the German troops carry
out the threats against the peaceful inhabitants of the Russian
districts which they occupy, the moral responsibility will lie
with them. — Reuter.
204

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Petrograd, March 20.
An official communique issued here to-day says : —

THE NIEMEN. — On the right bank of the Niemen the
Germans, after the fight at Tauroggen, have been forced
beyond the frontier.

Another Russian detachment, displaying an impetuous
offensive, reached Memel at 8 o'clock on Thursday evening,
and, after street fighting in which the inhabitants took part,
captured the town.

On the left bank of the Niemen the enemy, during the
fighting of the last few days, has been compelled to evacuate
the township of Pilwiszki and the region east of the line
Ozero-Dusia-Kopciowo.

Petrograd, March 21.
The following communique is issued here : —

Our troops reached Memel on Thursday evening after Times,
crossing the frontier near Gorshdy and beating the German March 22,
forces, capturing some machine guns and motor-cars laden I9I5-
with stores. Memel was defended by two regiments of the
Landsturm, which, after being driven back, mingled With the
population.

When our troops entered the town at 8 P.M., they were
received with fire from the houses and from behind barricades.
The civil population, as well as the troops, took part in the
fighting. Our troops were then withdrawn from Memel,
which was subjected to a short bombardment.

Our shells put an end to the resistance of the enemy,
and the town was evacuated, the inhabitants fleeing towards
Konigsberg along the narrow neck of land which separates
the Kurische Haff from the Baltic Sea.

Amsterdam, March 22.
The German Main Headquarters reports : —
After short fighting south of the town and obstinate street Times,
fighting, the Russians were yesterday driven out of Memel. — March 23,

Renter.

205

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Times,
March 24,

Petrograd, March 23.

A despatch from the Headquarters of the Commander-in-
Chief says : —

MEMEL. — Our detachment, which carried out a recon-
naissance towards Memel, has fallen back on our territory.

Petrograd, March 25.

Times, An official communique issued to-day states :—

j™ Throughout the day of the 23rd a German squadron, con-

sisting of seven battleships and twenty-eight torpedo-boats,
cruised off the Courland coast near Polangen and fired on the
coast villages.

At six o'clock they disappeared. — Reuter.

Amsterdam, March 25.

The following official review of events at and near Memel
was issued from the German Main Headquarters in Berlin
to-day : —

On March 18 the Russians advanced towards Memel in
several columns from the north and east, numbering between
6000 and 10,000 men, infantry, cavalry, and marines, with
six to eight old guns. A small force of German Landsturm
retreated from the frontier towards Memel, and later across the
bay to the neck of land known as the Kurische Nehrung. As
they advanced the Russians burnt numerous buildings and
barns at Nimmersatt and Laugallen, and damaged altogether
fifteen villages.

In the evening of March 18 the Russians entered Memel.
The following evening the Russian Commander appeared at
the Town Hall and ordered the Mayor to hand over three
citizens as hostages. On March 20, in the morning, there
were only Russian patrols in the streets. In the evening the
majority of the Russians left Memel. Next morning strong
Russian forces again entered the town from the north, but
they then met German patrols followed by strong German
forces from the south, who vigorously attacked the enemy
and chased him out of the town. In the severe street fighting
206

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

which took place the Russians lost some 150 killed. Our
losses were small.

The Russians fled, taking with them the hostages, but
the car on which the hostages were transported broke down,
the escort fled, and the hostages returned to Memel. The
German soldiers pursued the Russians.

When marching through Polangen the Russians suffered
severely through the gunfire from German cruisers. Five
hundred Russians, three cannons, and three machine guns
were captured. The Russian enterprise against Memel
assumed the character of a raid, and a similar raid was appa-
rently planned also against Tilsit.

Prince Joachim, youngest son of the Emperor William,
was with the troops who liberated Memel. — Renter.

*#* Nimmersatt is 12 miles north of Memel on the coast near
Polangen, and Laugallen is east of Memel close to the frontier, near
Gursden.

Berlin.

During the actions north of Memel our sea forces supported K.V.,
the operations from the sea. At the same time the village and March 24>
castle of Polangen were shelled on March 23 in the forenoon, and
in the course of the day the road Polangen-Libau was kept
under fire.

ZEPPELIN RAID ON PARIS, AND FRENCH REPLY

Paris, March 21.

The official announcement regarding last night's visit by Times,
Zeppelins is as follows : March 22,

Between 1.15 and 3 o'clock this morning four Zeppelins I9I5-
started for Paris, coming from the direction of Compiegne,
and following the valley of the Oise.

Two of them were compelled to turn back before reaching
Paris, one at Ecouen, the other at Mantes. The two others
were attacked by anti-aircraft guns, and only passed over the
outlying districts of the north-west of the city and the neigh-
bouring suburban districts. They withdrew after having
dropped a dozen bombs.

207

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The damage to property was of little importance. Seven
or eight persons were struck, only one being seriously injured.

Various anti-aircraft posts opened fire on the Zeppelins,
which were constantly lighted up by searchlights. One of
them appears to have been hit. Aeroplane squadrons took
part in the action, but mist hampered them in their pursuit.

To sum up, the Zeppelin raid on Paris was a complete
failure, and only served to demonstrate how well the defensive
arrangements adopted work. The population of the city
remained perfectly calm.

On their way back the Zeppelins dropped a dozen in-
cendiary or explosive bombs on Compiegne, which only did
a little unimportant damage. Three other bombs were
dropped on Ribecourt and Dreslincourt, to the north of
Compiegne, without any result.

A second official communique gives the following further
details : —

At Asnieres eight bombs were dropped and three people
were wounded. At Neuilly a slight fire was caused in a
house, but was rapidly put out. Nobody was hurt. At
Levallois a one-storey house was destroyed. At Courbevoie
a workman received trivial injury and another slight injury.

In Paris bombs were dropped in the rue des Dames and
the rue Duelons. No victims. In the Department of Seine-
et-Oise and at Saint Germain Zeppelins were reported between
half-past one and two o'clock. At Mantes they were fired
at from the fort. At Poissy three bombs were dropped, two
of which were explosive bombs. No victim. The passage
of Zeppelins was likewise reported from Domont and Argen-
teuil.

Paris, March 22.

An official note issued this evening says : —
In consequence of the defeats sustained by them at La
Boisselle, the Germans bombarded the civil hospital of Albert.
The Red Cross flag was flying over the hospital. The bom-
bardment was carried out after the range had been found by
an aeroplane, and several projectiles found their mark. Five
old men were killed and several others were wounded. The
Mother Superior was seriously injured. The French aviators
208

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

have actively and effectively replied to the impotent Zeppelin
raid on Paris on Saturday night.

In Belgium on Sunday twenty bombs were dropped on
the aerodrome at Gits, and on the railway and stations of
Lichterfelde and Essen. An aviatik was chased as far as
Roulers, carbine shots being fired at it. Ten go-millimetre
bombs were dropped on the stations of Merkem and Wyfvege.
Farther to the south near La Bassee two enemy aeroplanes
were pursued and were forced to return to their lines. The
station of Foye was effectively bombarded. In the valley
of the Aisne an aviatik was put to flight by two of our
aeroplanes.

In Champagne five hundred arrows were dropped on a
German captive balloon, and several bombs on the station of
Bazancourt, and on the enemy batteries at Brimont and
Vailly. A German aeroplane was pursued to the north of
Rheims.

In Alsace Pilot Sergeant Falze and Sub-Lieutenant
Moreau brought down an aviatik on the railway to the west
of Colmar. Six bombs were dropped on the station of Cernay,
and the barracks at Mulheim and the station of Altkirch were
effectively bombarded. On Monday in Belgium we bom-
barded the station of Staden, near Roulers, and several camps,
while bombs were also successfully dropped on the aviation
ground at La Bruquette, near Valenciennes.

In the Aisne region the barracks of La Fere, the stations
of Anizy, Chauny, Tergnier, and Coucy le Chateau were
struck by our aeroplanes.

In Champagne the aviation ground and the ammunition
stores of Pont Faverges were bombarded day and night with
go-millimetre bombs. Forty bombs were dropped on the
station of Conflans-Jarny and the adjoining railway lines.
The effectiveness of the bombardment was verified. The
barracks and the station of Freiburg, in Breisgau, received
eight bombs. At 10.50 in the evening of March 22 three
bombs were dropped on Villers-Cotterets, and a Zeppelin was
noticed proceeding westward. The alarm was given in Paris,
where all the measures provided for were taken. — Renter.

NAVAL 4 o 209

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

BRITISH MERCHANT VESSELS LOST
BY HOSTILE ACTION

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty communicates the fol-

March22, lowing list showing the number of British merchant vessels

I9I5- lost by hostile action in each week since the outbreak of the

war, the column within parentheses showing the total arrival

and sailings of oversea steamers (over 300 tons net) of all

nationalities to and from United Kingdom ports : —

[See p. 186.]

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ATTACKS ON MERCHANT VESSELS

[See p. 186.]

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ' BLOCKADE ' (Feb. 18)

By By

Enemy By Sub- Gross

Cruisers. Mines, marines. Total. Tonnage.

Feb. 24 (1381) ... 2 i 7 10 26,941

Mar. 3 (1474) i i 1,694

Mar. 10 (1557) . . . "— 44 9,916

Mar. 17 (1539) ... — 88 22,825 *

British steamship Hyndford (4286 tons), owned by the
Scottish Shipowners' Company (Limited), of Glasgow, was
torpedoed at 3.45 P.M. on March 15 off Beachy Head. The
captain remained on the bridge, and having ordered the crew
to their stations took the ship to Gravesend. One seaman
was drowned.

British steamship Leeuwarden (988 tons), owned by
General Steam Navigation Company, of London, reported to
have been stopped by German submarine. Crew left the
ship, which was then sunk.

Neutral vessel reported torpedoed and sunk : March 13,
Swedish steamship Hanna.

* Three other vessels were torpedoed but reached port. Details of nine
of these eleven vessels have been published, viz. :— Adenwen (not sunk),
Florazan, Headlands, Indian City, Andalusian, Invergyle, Hartdale, Atalanta
(not sunk), and Fingal. [See pp. 177, 188-9,]

210

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

FISHING VESSELS

The following table, complementary to that given above,
shows the total number of British fishing vessels sunk or
captured since the outbreak of the war : —

[See p. 187.]

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ATTACKS ON MERCHANT VESSELS

[See p. 187.]

COMMENCEMENT OF SUBMARINE ' BLOCKADE ' (Feb. 18)
[See p. 187.]

MOUAILEH BOMBARDED BY AN ENGLISH

CRUISER

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports: There is no important change in K.V.,
the Dardanelles. April 3,

On March 21 an English cruiser bombarded the market- I9I5-
town of Mouaileh on the coast of Hedjaz, and attempted to
land there. Being prevented from doing so she returned on
the following morning, and bombarded the above-mentioned
place continuously for five hours. She directed her fire
especially on the Mosque, which was destroyed, and damaged
a few houses. The enemy attempted to land troops in boats,
but was driven away with heavy losses by detachments of our
troops and the armed population. The cruiser then withdrew.
We sustained no loss of life.

LOSSES BY SUBMARINE ATTACK

The British steamer Blue Jacket was sunk on March 18 C.O.,
by a German submarine off Beachy Head. March 25,

The British steamer Cairntorr was sunk on March 21 off
Newhaven by a German submarine. Attempts were made to
tow her into port, but she foundered. " The crew were rescued.

The British steamer Concord was sunk on March 22 at
8 miles south 20 west of the Royal Sovereign lightship.

During the past week several British and French merchant

211

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

vessels have been unsuccessfully attacked by the German
submarines.

PAY OF PROBATIONARY SUB-LIEUTENANTS
ROYAL MARINES

L.G., At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 23rd day of March,

March 26, 1 9*5-

Present,
The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial
from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, dated the i8th day of March 1915, in the words
following, viz. : —

* Whereas by Section 3 of the Naval and Marine
Pay and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia,
that all pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature
thereof, payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's
Naval or Marine Force to a person being or having been
an Officer, Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in
such manner, and subject to such restrictions, condi-
tions, and provisions, as are from time to time directed
by Order in Council :

' And whereas the rates of pay, and the conditions
of payment, authorised by Your Majesty's Order in
Council, bearing date the 8th of August 1911, for Pro-
bationary Second Lieutenants, Royal Marines, are not
applicable under existing circumstances :

' We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to authorise the grant of pay at the rate of
75. 6d. a day during the period of Hostilities to Pro-
bationary Second Lieutenants, Royal Marines, when
embarked or appointed to the Royal Marine Brigades or
Batteries.

' We further beg leave to recommend that the pay
of Second Lieutenants, Royal Marines, entered tempor-
arily for the period of Hostilities, be increased from 55.
to 75. 6d. a day, as from the 24th November 1914, such

212

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

increase having been granted to Second Lieutenants

(appointed to Your Majesty's Army under similar circum-
stances, and that these Officers be grante4 PaY at tne
rate of 8s. 6d. a day, when promoted to the rank of
Lieutenant.
' The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have signified their concurrence in these proposals/
His Majesty, having taken the said Memorial into con-
sideration, was pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy
Council, to approve of what is therein proposed. And the
Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
are to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.

NOTICE TO MARINERS

(No. 218 of the year 1915)

ENGLAND — SOUTH-EAST COAST

Dover Strait. — Light-vessels to be established — Traffic

Regulations

On or about the ist April 1915, two Light-vessels will be L.G.,
moored in the English Channel oft Folkestone, as follows : — March 26,

(1) A Light-vessel, showing a flashing green light, in a
position 2,\ miles, 140° (S. 26° E. Mag.), from Folkestone
pier head, or approximately in latitude 51° 02' 40" N.,
longitude i° 14' 10" E.

(2) A Light-vessel, showing a flashing white light, in a
position 5 cables, 150° (S. 16° E. Mag.), from (i).

The Light-vessels will be provided with fog-signals. Full
descriptions with all details of the Light-vessels, lights and
fog-signals will be given in a further Notice.

Shipping is hereby warned that all traffic in that part of
the Straits of Dover which lies between the Varne shoal and
Folkstone, must pass between the above-mentioned Light-
vessels, and that Article 25 of the Collision Regulations must
be complied with, that is to say, Eastbound traffic must keep
to the southern side of the passage, and Westbound traffic
must keep to the northern side.

213

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [

Ships disregarding this warning will do so at their own
peril.

Variation 14° W.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, 2^th March 1915.

BRITISH AIR-RAID ON HOBOKEN

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

March 25, announcement : —

I9I5« The following has been received from Wing-Commander

Longmore : —

I have to report that a successful air attack was carried
out this morning (Wednesday) by five machines of the Dunkirk
Squadron on the German submarines being constructed at
Hoboken, near Antwerp.

Two of the pilots had to return owing to thick weather,
but Squadron Commander. Ivor T. Courtney and Flight-
Lieutenant H. Rosher reached their objective, and, after
planing down to 1000 ft., dropped four bombs each on the
submarines. It is believed that considerable damage has
been done to both the works and two submarines. The works
were observed to be on fire. In all, five submarines were
observed on the slip.

Flight-Lieutenant B. Crossley-Meates was obliged by
engine trouble to descend in Holland.

Owing to the mist the two pilots experienced considerable
difficulty in finding their way, and were subjected to a heavy
gun-fire whilst delivering their attack.

U29 SUNK

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

March 26, announcement : —

The Admiralty have good reason to believe that the
German submarine U 29 has been sunk with all hands.

214

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Amsterdam, April 7.

An official telegram from Berlin announces that the Times,
Admiralty Staff issued the following statement to-day : — April 8,

Submarine U 29 has not yet returned from her last cruise.
According to the report of the British Admiralty issued on
March 26 the ship sank with her entire crew. The sub-
marine must therefore be regarded as lost.

Berlin, June 18.

Regarding the nature of the destruction of U 29, it has K.V.,
now transpired, so we hear from a competent source, that June J8»
the boat was sunk by an English tank-steamer sailing under
the Swedish flag. Hereby the rumours which were circulated
from the very beginning, find confirmation, namely, that the
boat fell a prey to British intrigue.

The Commander of U 29 was Lieut. -Commander Otto
Weddigen.

Special interest attached to this boat by reason of the J-R-U.S.L,
fact that she was commanded by Lieut .-Commander Otto g*
Weddigen, the most successful of Germany's submarine
captains during the first eight months of the war, and the
officer who sank the Aboukir, Hogue, Cressy, and Hawke.
He was then in command of the U p, in regard to which he
himself said : ' My boat was one of the old type, but she
behaved beautifully/ In a letter dated March 2nd, how-
ever, and published in the Lokalanzeiger, the brother of the
captain stated that the latter was for some days confined to
his room in Wilhelmshaven, having sprained his foot, but
he went to sea ' some days ago ' in the new submarine U 29,
as his former command, U 9 was no longer fit for ocean
voyages. Weddigen made his debut as a commerce destroyer
on March nth, when he attacked and sunk the British
steamer Adenwen off the Casquets, and on that occasion he
was remarkably polite, informing the master how very sorry
he was to have to scuttle his ship. He gave the crew ten
minutes to launch their boats, as ' We wish no lives to be
lost/ he said, and having noticed that a seaman fell overboard,

215

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

he sent a suit of dry clothes for him. The same afternoon, in
sinking the French steamer Auguste Conseil off the Start, his
farewell remark to her captain was, ' Give my compliments
to Lord Churchill/ The loss of this brave and chivalrous
officer was universally regretted. In Germany it caused a
profound sensation. The Emperor sent a long letter of con-
dolence to the widow, and a public subscription for a memorial
was organised, while the Hamburg Fremdenblatt suggested
that the word ' torpedo ' should be replaced by the name
' Weddigen ' in the German language as a lasting honour to
the man ' who created the new weapon which is being used
against British sea-militarism/

DUTCH STEAMER MEDEA SUNK

Times, Late last night the Admiralty issued the following an-

March 26, nouncement :—

I9I5- At 10 A.M. to-day the Dutch steamer Medea, flying the

Dutch flag, with a Dutch crew and with the name ' Medea,
Amsterdam/ printed in large- letters on her sides, was stopped
by the German submarine U 28 off Beachy Head. The vessel
was ordered to send a boat with the ship's papers to the
submarine. The crew of the Medea were ordered into the
boats, and the ship was sunk by gunfire. The return of the
ship's papers was asked for, but refused. The crew were
brought to Dover by the British destroyer Teviot.

THE DELMIRA DISABLED

C.O., On March 25 the British steamer Delmira of Liverpool

April 3, was attacked by a German submarine, which fired at her and
I9I5- set her on fire. The crew abandoned their ship, which went

ashore at La Hogue on the morning of the 26th. She was
floated and taken into Cherbourg on April i. The steamer
Lizzie, which took part in the rescue of the crew of the Delmira,
reports having encountered (avoir aborde) the attacking sub-
marine, which was U 27, and to have subsequently seen large
sheets of petrol on the surface of the water.
216

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

THE KING AND THE FLEET

The following announcement is published in yesterday's Times,
Court Circular from Buckingham Palace : — March 26,

The King to-day visited a portion of the Fleet. Com- I9I5-
mander Sir Charles Cust, Bt., R.N., and Vice-Admiral Sir
Colin Keppel were in attendance.

It will be remembered that a previous visit was paid by
His Majesty1 to * a portion of the Grand Fleet ' at the end of * [See p. i.J
last month.

The visit was paid to Harwich and Felixstowe. His
Majesty, who wore the undress uniform of an Admiral of the
Fleet, arrived at Parkeston Quay by special train. He made
a tour of the harbour in a naval motor-pinnace, informally
inspecting various naval ships and also one of the submarine
craft.

He also visited the naval barracks at Shotley and took
luncheon on board H.M.S. Ganges, those present including
Commodore Cayley, senior naval officer of the port, Brigadier-
General Buckle, Commander Lyne, and Captain Waistell.
Subsequently the King crossed to the Felixstowe side, where
he inspected mine-sweepers and a mine-layer and witnessed a
seaplane flight.

His Majesty, who was everywhere enthusiastically cheered,
left Felixstowe on his return to London by special train
shortly before five o'clock.

EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : A detachment of our troops K.V.,
operating against the Suez Canal came unexpectedly upon March 26,
a small English column in the neighbourhood of the Canal I9I5-
opposite the station of Madam and annihilated it ; it then
successfully shelled two transport steamers filled with English
troops. Similarly another detachment shelled an English
transport steamer between Schaluf and Adschigol.

On March 16 our troops, in co-operation with the warlike
tribes to the north of Schnabia and south-west of Bassora,
surprised the enemy, carried his positions, and drove him
back as far as Schnabia ; the enemy lost over three hundred

217

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

K.V.,

March 25,

K.V.,

March 27,

K.V.,

March 28,

men killed and wounded and a quantity of arms and ammuni-
tion. Our loss only amounted to nine killed and thirty-two
wounded.

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : On Friday evening (March 26)
enemy torpedo-boats and mine-sweepers attempted to enter
the Dardanelles. They were, however, driven back by the
fire of our batteries.

Constantinople.

Since the actions which were so disastrous to the enemy
in the Dardanelles the Allies have not undertaken any further
enterprises against the Dardanelles or other Turkish places
in the ^Egean. Last night enemy torpedo-boats and mine-
sweeping craft attempted to proceed against the outer mine-
field, after the moon had gone down, but they were at once
driven off by the fire of the batteries. The reports of battles,
successes, and landings of the Allies in the Dardanelles or in
the Bay of Saros reported in the English Press are pure
inventions.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Early to-day our observation posts
on the Bosphorus noticed some Russian warships, which fired
a few shells from a very great distance against our patrol
ships and then quickly retired.

l[See
P- 213.]
L.G.,
March 30,

NOTICES TO MARINERS

(No. 228 of the year 1915)

ENGLAND, SOUTH-EAST COAST

Dover Strait. — Light-vessels to be Established —
Traffic Regulations

Former Notice (No. 218 of 1915 x) hereby cancelled

On or about the ist April 1915, two Light-vessels will be
moored in the English Channel off Folkestone, as follows :—

(i) Position. — At a distance of 2| miles, 140° (S. 26° E.
218

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Mag.), from Folkestone pier head. Lat. 51° 02' 40" N., long.
i° 14' 10" E.

Characteristics : —

(a) Light : Character — A flashing green light every

thirty seconds.

(b) Fog-signal : Description — A siren giving four blasts

in quick succession of two seconds' duration each,
every minute.

as daymark, hull painted green.

(2) Position. — At a distance of five cables, 150° (S. 16° E.
Mag.), from (i).

Characteristics : —

(a) Light : Character — A flashing white light every ten

seconds.

(b) Fog-signal : Description — A horn worked by hand

giving two blasts in quick succession every two
minutes.

as daymark, hull painted red.

Shipping is hereby warned that all traffic in that part of
the Straits of Dover which lies between the Varne shoal and
Folkestone must pass between the above-mentioned Light-
vessels, and that Article 25 of the Collision Regulations must
be complied with, that is to say, Eastbound traffic must keep
to the southern side of the passage, and Westbound traffic
must keep to the northern side.

Ships disregarding this warning will do so at their own
peril.

Variation. — 14° W.
Charts temporarily affected : —
No. 1895, Dungeness to the Thames.
No. 1406, Dover and Calais to Orfordness and Scheve-

ningen.

No. 2451, Owers to Dungeness.
No. 2675^, English Channel, eastern sheet.
No. 21820, North Sea, southern sheet.
No. 1598, English Channel.

219

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(No. 232 of the year 1915)
ENGLAND, SOUTH COAST

L.G., Portland Harbour Approach — Restriction of Navigation.

March 30, Caution re Target Practice
19*5-

1 [See Former Notice (No. 41 of 1915 J) hereby cancelled
Naval 3,

P 81 ] Position. — Portland outer breakwater, lat. 50° 35' N.,
long. 2° 25' W.

1. Restriction of Navigation :

Caution. — No vessels or boats of any description are to
move in the area north of a line joining Portland Bill with
St. Albans Head, by day or night, unless proceeding into Wey-
mouth anchorage.

2. Caution re Target practice :

Caution. — Target practice will take place, without further
notice, from ships lying in Portland Harbour, and it will there-
fore be dangerous henceforth for vessels to enter the following
area : —

Limits of dangerous area :

(a) On the North. — By a line drawn in a 97° (S. 67° E.
Mag.) direction from the north end of the outer break-
water until St. Albans Head bears 18° (N. 34° E. Mag.).

(b) On the South. — By a line drawn in a 119° (S. 45° E.
Mag.) direction from the south end of the outer break-
water, until St. Albans Head bears 18° (N. 34° E. Mag.).

(d) On the West. — By Portland and outer breakwater.

Variation. — 16° W.

Charts temporarily affected. — No. 2255, Weymouth and
Portland ; No. 3315, Straight point to Portland (i) ; No. 2615,
Portland to Christchurch ; No. 2620, Eddystone to Portland
(i) ; No. 2450, Portland to Owers ; No. 26756, English Channel
middle sheet ; No. 1598, English Channel (i).
220

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Publication. — Channel Pilot, Part L, 1908, page 150;
Supplement No. 2, 1914.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, 2*jth March 1914.

(No. 239 of the year 1915)
NORTH SEA, RIVER THAMES, AND ENGLISH CHANNEL

(Information with regard to Pilotage)
Former Notice (No. 164 of 1915) 1 hereby cancelled l[SeeP-77-]

I. The following Orders as to Compulsory Pilotage be- ibid.
tween the Downs and Great Yarmouth made under the
Defence of the Realm (Consolidation) Regulations, 1914, will
come into operation at 6 A.M. on the 3ist March 1915, and
will supersede those now in force.

1. All ships (other than British ships of less than
3500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise or to or
from the Channel Islands and not carrying passengers)
whilst bound from, and whilst navigating in the waters
from, the Downs Pilot Station to Gravesend or vice versa,
must be conducted by pilots licensed by the London
Trinity House.

2. All ships (other than British ships of less than
3500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise or to or
from the Channel Islands and not carrying passengers)
whilst bound from, and whilst navigating in the waters
from, Gravesend to Great Yarmouth or vice versa, must
be conducted by pilots licensed by the London Trinity
House.

3. All ships (other than British ships of less than
3500 tons gross tonnage, when trading coastwise or to or
from the Channel Islands and when not carrying passengers)
whilst navigating in the waters from Gravesend to London
Bridge or vice versa, must be conducted by pilots licensed
by the London Trinity House.

4. The Trinity House Pilot Station at Dungeness

221

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

having been discontinued, pilotage is therefore not com-
pulsory between the Downs Pilot Station and Dungeness,
except for ships bound into or out of the Harbours of
Dover and Folkestone.

II. Trinity House Pilot Stations have been established at
the under-mentioned places, and merchant vessels not under
compulsion of pilotage are very strongly advised to take
pilots : —

(a) THE DOWNS, where ships proceeding north can
obtain pilots capable of piloting as far as Great Yarmouth ;
and also pilots for the river Thames, and for Folkestone
and Dover harbours. The pilot steamers attached to the
Downs Station will cruise in the vicinity of a position
two miles south-east of Deal Pier.

(b) GREAT YARMOUTH, where ships from the North
Sea bound for the river Thames or the English Channel
can obtain pilots capable of piloting as far as the Downs.

The Pilot Steamer attached to the Great Yarmouth
Station will cruise between the Gorton Light-vessel and
the South Scroby Buoy.

(c) THE SUNK LIGHT- VESSEL, where ships crossing the
North Sea between the .parallels of 51° 4®' and 51° 54'
North Latitude, but no others, can obtain pilots for the
river Thames and the Downs.

(d) Pilots can also be obtained at LONDON and HAR-
WICH for the Downs and Great Yarmouth (including the
river Thames and approaches).

Note. — The pilots referred to in this Notice are the
pilots licensed by the London Trinity House and no
others.

III. RIVER THAMES. — All traffic into and out of the river
Thames must pass through the Edinburgh Channels, or
through the Black Deep south of the Knock John and Knob
Light buoys, and through the Oaze Deep, until further notice.

No vessels are to remain under way in the above-men-
tioned Channels inside the Sunk Head Light-buoy, or within
a line joining the positions of the South Long Sand and East
Shingles buoys, between the hours of 10 P.M. and 4 A.M.

Vessels at anchor within these limits must not exhibit
any lights between the hours of 10 P.M. and 4 A.M.

222

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

All other Channels are closed to navigation.
Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, zjth March 1915.

FRENCH CRUISERS IN EASTERN WATERS

Paris, April 2.

An official communique on the subject of the naval opera-
tions, covering events since March 26, mentions that the
cruiser Desaioc destroyed with one of her guns a small Turkish
fort in the Gulf of Akaba, and that while a boat from the
D'Entrecasteaux was on its way to search a sailing vessel
off Gaza (Syria) it was fired upon from the shore, one man
being killed and another wounded. The cruiser then bom-
barded the town and the Turkish troops. — Renter.

ESCAPE OF THE VOSGES FROM A SUBMARINE

A remarkable story of an encounter between a British Times,
cargo vessel and a German submarine is related by Captain March 29,
J. R. Green, of the Moss Line steamer Vosges. I9I5-

The Vosges, from Bordeaux to Liverpool, was hailed by
the submarine on Saturday (March 27) about sixty miles
west of Trevose Head. For two hours the British vessel
successfully prevented the enemy from torpedoing her, but
she nevertheless suffered such damage from shrapnel and
shell that she had to be abandoned and eventually went
down, though not until the submarine had disappeared
without learning of -her fate. In the course of the struggle
the chief engineer was killed, and several of the ship's company
were more or less seriously injured. There were seven
passengers on board. Captain Green says : —

' On Saturday morning a submarine appeared flying the
German ensign and signalled to us to prepare to abandon
ship. I had always made up my mind to make a fight of it

223

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

in such an emergency, and I ordered all steam up in order to
get away. I turned my stern to the enemy, and then ensued
a duel of skill. Foiled of using his torpedo, the submarine
manoeuvred to bring his gun into action, and his superior
speed, despite the fact that we were making over 14 knots,
enabled him to do so. Still, it was only now and again that
the gun could be trained on the ship, and then the shells
dropped as if from a quick-firer. The main target was
undoubtedly the bridge, and it was marvellous how any of
the chief officers there ever escaped ; the bridge was riddled
like a colander and one shell struck down Second Officer
Doody, of Blackpool, while in the course of the fight all the
officers received injury from shrapnel splinters. The funnel
was almost carried away by one shell. The chief engineer,
Mr. Davies, of Liverpool, who was urging his stokers to further
efforts, was killed by a shell which travelled 40 ft. along
an alley-way after penetrating an iron plate.

' It was evident that the submarine could not overtake
the vessel, and her commander decided to give up the chase.
With a last shot she disappeared, but that missile probably
proved fatal. A. hole 2 ft. square was torn on the water-line
in the fore part of the ship. I got a ladder and went over the
side to see if the damage cduld be repaired, but realised that
it was hopeless. I was almost sucked inside myself by the
indraught of water. There was nothing for it but to abandon
the ship.

' I am thankful, however, that the enemy did not know
he fatally struck us and did not see us sink. About this time
H.M. patrol yacht Wintonia hove in sight and was signalled.
As towing was out of the question we took to our boats, and
boarded the yacht, which brought us to Newquay. It was
found necessary to take the second officer and a mess-room
boy, aged fifteen, to the Truro infirmary. Several of the
crew received minor injuries, and a Belgian lady who was on
board was also wounded/

Captain Green, who was struck in the right hand, de-
clared that if the ship had been provided with a gun there
would have been one hostile submarine less to-day. Her
audacity was such that she presented an easy target at just
over 200 yards from the deck of the Vosges.

224

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The Secretary of the Admiralty announces : —

Captain John Richard Green, of the steamship Vosges, Times,
has been granted a commission as lieutenant in the Royal April 10,
Naval Reserve, and His Majesty the King has been pleased I9I5-
to award him the Distinguished Service Cross in recognition
of his gallant and resolute conduct when the vessel was
attacked by a German submarine on March 27.

The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have expressed
their high appreciation of the gallant behaviour of the officers
and crew during the attack, and they propose to present the
officers with gold watches and each member of the crew
with £3. The widow of the late Chief Engineer Harry Davies,
who was killed during the attack, will be presented with the
gold watch which would have been awarded to him.

At 10.15 A.M. on March 27 the steamship Vosges was
attacked by a German submarine in Latitude 50.27 North,
Longitude 6° West. Captain Green ordered all firemen below
and asked the passengers to volunteer to assist the firemen,
which they did willingly. The submarine opened fire from
straight astern ; the first round was blank, but was followed
immediately by one which hit the vessel in the stern. During
this time the vessel was going at extreme speed, and altering
course as necessary to keep the submarine dead astern. This
continued for one and a half hours, during which time
the vessel was struck repeatedly by shell ; the funnel riddled,
the bridge house on both sides smashed, and the engine-room
badly pierced. The enemy were firing shrapnel. The Chief
Engineer was killed near the stokehold by a shell striking
him in the chest while he was exhorting the firemen and
volunteers to further efforts. The Second Mate was hit in
the arm while on the bridge. One fireman was hit in the
wrist, and the mess-room boy in the leg. The Mate was
slightly wounded in the hand, and splinters also grazed the
Captain's hand. A lady passenger was slightly injured in
the foot. At about 11.45 the submarine sheered off.

The Vosges made all speed towards Milf ord, intending to put
in and report there, but water was gaining rapidly on pumps,
and at about 12.30 His Majesty's ship Wintonia was sighted. It
then became evident that the Vosges was sinking, and, after all
hands had been transferred to the Wintonia, she sank at 2 P.M.
The Wintonia took the survivors into Newquay (Cornwall).
NAVAL 4 p 225

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

K.V.,

March 29,
19*5-

1[See
p. 240.]

2 [See
p. 228.]

March 29,

London, March 29. — The Admiralty publishes the follow-
ing details concerning the sinking of the steamer Vosges ;
the steamer Vosges was sunk on Saturday (March 27) when
sixty miles south-west of Stanns Head by shell fire from
the same submarine which chased the steamers Aguila,
Dunedin,1 and Falaba 2 off the Land's End on Sunday and
was also sighted near Cape Clear. The wounded of the
Vosges relate : The captain did not obey the signal of
the submarine, and manoeuvred so as to have the sub-
marine astern, the latter being thus unable to use her
torpedoes. A blank shot having no effect, the submarine
fired with shell. The steamer went full steam ahead, but the
submarine, which appeared to be of a new type, easily over-
took her. The effect of the gun at a range of three hundred
metres was fearful. Twenty shells were fired in all. The
chief engineer was killed. All the officers but one were
wounded. The second quartermaster was seriously wounded.
Everything on deck was smashed to pieces. Three boats
were destroyed. Nevertheless the Vosges held on her course.
After two hours the submarine gave up the pursuit. A shell
hit the ship on the water line. The water poured in. The
passengers helped in working the pumps. The Vosges
attempted to ram the submarine, but without success. In
the meanwhile, rockets were fired to call for assistance. The
last shot from the submarine carried away the flag. After
the submarine had disappeared the steamer continued her
voyage, using the pumps the whole time. An hour later she
encountered a patrol boat, which took her in tow. The ship
could, however, not keep afloat any longer. The occupants
then took to the boats, and went on board the patrol boat.

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

An Imperial Irade orders that the Ottoman fighting forces
assembled on the Dardanelles and neighbourhood shall hence-
forth constitute an army, i.e. the fifth, the high command of
which has been entrusted to Marshal Liman von Sanders,
the former high commander of the first Army.

226

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : One of our seaplanes threw bombs ibid.
yesterday on an English warship which was cruising outside
the Dardanelles.

CONFESSIONS OF A PIRATE

Washington, March 29.

The Sun and the World, among other papers, publish a Times,
picturesque interview with Lieutenant-Commander Claus March 30,
Hansen, commander of the German submarine U 16, describ- I9I5-
ing his life at sea and the torpedoing of the Dulwich and the
Ville de Lille* The interview was secured by Herr von l [See
Wiegand, formerly German correspondent of the United Naval 3,
Press. P- 4°6-]

After some talk about the chief danger to American ships
coming from the British habit of sailing under false colours,
Commander Hansen explained that each submarine has a
definite area to cover. On his last cruise he was assigned to
the Channel.

He described the sinking of the Dulwich off Havre, and
the Ville de Lille shortly after it left Cherbourg. In the case
of the French steamer, he said : —

' We saw two women and two children on deck. Of course we
could not torpedo the ship with women and children aboard, so we
gave chase. The Ville de Lille finally stopped, and twenty-four men,
women, and children clambered with alacrity into the boats. We
sent four men aboard, who placed bombs in the bottom, and sank
the steamer. They found a little terrier, who had been abandoned
and fought the men with his teeth, but was captured and brought
along. Ever since it has been the mascot of the U 16. We gave the
women and children some blankets and food for themselves and the
crew. Then we towed the two boats to opposite Barfleur, close to
the land, from where there was no difficulty in rowing in.'

Two days later the U 16 torpedoed the French steamer
Dinorah, loaded with horse and artillery, off Dieppe. Speak-
ing of life in submarines, Commander Hansen said : —

' It is fearfully trying on the nerves. Every man does not stand
it. ... When running under sea there is a deathlike silence in the
boats, as the electric machinery is noiseless. It is not unusual to hear

227

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the propeller of a ship passing over or near us. We steer entirely by
chart and compass. As the air heats it gets poor and mixed with the
odour of the oil from the machinery. The atmosphere becomes
fearful. An overpowering sleepiness often attacks new men, and one
requires the utmost will-power to remain awake. I have had men who
did not eat during the first three days out because they did not want
to lose that amount of time from sleep. Day after day spent in such
cramped quarters, where there is hardly room to stretch your legs)
and constantly on the alert, is a tremendous strain on the nerves.

' I have sat or stood eight hours on end with my eyes glued on the
periscope and peered into the brilliant glass until eyes and head ached.
When the crew is worn out, we seek a good sleep and rest under the
water. The boat often is rocking gently with a movement somewhat
like a' cradle. Before ascending, I always order silence for several
minutes in order to determine by hearing, through the shell-like sides
of the submarine, whether there are any propellers in the vicinity.'

Commander Hansen prophesied a more effective blockade
when the crews of the vessels had ' found ' themselves. He
refused to say how long the newest German submarine could
remain below, and the censor did not allow him to talk
about the length of his voyages. When asked about the
supposed secret rendezvous near England, he laughed and
said, ' Let the English think so. The more torpedo-boats
they keep hunting for the secret rendezvous, the fewer we
have to dodge/

LOSS OF THE AGUILA, FALABA, AND AMSTEL

Admiralty, March 29.

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following
announcement : —

British S.S. Aguila, 2114 tons, belonging to the Yeoward
Line, when on passage from Liverpool to Lisbon, was tor-
pedoed off Pembroke at 6 P.M. on 27th March. The vessel
sank. Twenty-three of the crew and three passengers are
missing. The master and nineteen of the crew have been
landed at Fishguard.

British S.S. Falaba, 4806 tons, owned by Elder, Dempster,
and Co. (Limited), was torpedoed at 0.25 P.M., 28th March,
to the south of the St. George's Channel, and sank in ten
minutes. The ship carried a crew of about 90 persons, with
228

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

about 1 60 passengers. About 140 survivors have been picked
up, eight of whom, including the captain, died after being
picked up. It is feared that many were killed by the explosion
of the torpedo.

Dutch S.S. Amstel, 853 tons, belonging to P. A. Van Es
and Co., of Rotterdam, when on passage from Rotterdam to
Goole, struck a mine at 4 A.M. 2gth March in the German
mine-field off Flamborough. The crew have been landed in
the Humber by the Grimsby trawler Pinewold.

Messrs. Yeoward Brothers, Liverpool, have received the Times,
following message from the Admiralty : — March 31,

' Steamer St. Stephen reports that captain spoke the
steamer Lady Plymouth in lat. 49.37 N., long. 8.35 W., when
the vessel informed him by signal that she was bound for
Madeira, and had crew of 15 hands and 2 passengers from the
Aguila, of Liverpool, which was sunk by a German submarine/

According to the Admiralty statement issued on Monday
evening, the master and nineteen of the crew of the Aguila
were landed at Fishguard, and twenty-three of the crew and
three passengers were missing. Of the missing it is known
that the chief engineer and two of the crew were killed by
gunfire, and it was also stated that the stewardess and a
woman passenger were drowned. Four persons are thus still
unaccounted for and have presumably been drowned — a
total death-roll of nine.

Milford Haven, March 29.

The Falaba, one of the largest of the Elder-Dempster Times,
liners, left Liverpool at six o'clock on Saturday evening. March 30,
She had on board about 140 passengers and a crew numbering I9I5-
about 100. About midday on Sunday, when the liner was
off the Pembrokeshire coast near the Smalls Lightship, a
submarine appeared about 300 yards to starboard, flying
the German ensign. She made three signals to the Falaba,
including the signal to stop. Escape was impossible — the
submarine proved herself some six knots better than the
Falaba — and so Captain Davies stopped and prepared to
launch his boats.

229

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Just as the first boat was lowered, an explosion occurred
which blew it to pieces and threw all the passengers into
the water. The second and third boats were stove in as
they were being lowered. Only one boat, bearing fourteen
persons, was successfully launched.

There is some doubt about the exact number of minutes'
grace accorded by the German commander, but it is agreed
that well within ten minutes the Falaba was torpedoed at
100 yards range, when the enemy could not fail to see that
the deck was still crowded, and the first boat was actually
halfway down the davits. The torpedo struck near the
engine-room, and the Falaba sank rapidly. The callousness
of the attack was aggravated by the conduct of the Germans
when their victims were struggling in the water. As they
raised their arms, reaching out for lifebuoys or scraps of
wreckage, the Germans looked on and laughed, and answered
their cries for help with jeers. This charge of inhumanity is
not founded on any isolated allegation. It is definite testi-
mony of some half-dozen survivors.

Fortunately some help, though not enough, was at hand.
The steam drifter Eileen Emma, of Lowestoft, had seen the
submarine, and followed her, and was only some 300 yards
away when the Falaba was "torpedoed, and immediately went
to the rescue. Over 100 persons were picked up alive, and
six of the dead were recovered. Captain Davies was living
when taken out of the water, but died almost immediately
from the effects of exposure. A second drifter soon joined
in the work of rescue, and the lifeboat with fourteen persons
on board was picked up by a third. The survivors were
taken to Milford Haven.

The official list supplied by the Elder-Dempster Company
shows that, as far as is at present known, 52 first-class
passengers, 34 second-class passengers, and 49 of the crew
are saved. Four passengers and four of the crew are reported
dead. There are missing 61 passengers and 43 of the crew.
The following is the list of survivors : —

Chief Officer Baxter, Third Officer Pengelly, Fourth Officer
Spray. Chief Engineer Guy, Third Engineer Mellvin, Fourth
Engineer Brown, Fifth Engineer Shaw. Stewards Ford,
Brearer, Muscar, Ellams, Turton, Barber, Hinmars, Mailing,
Doherty, Astley, Percy, Jones, Sam Bartley, Ashton, Noble,
230

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Harrison, Clarke, and Shields. Chief Cook Marchbanks, Second
Baker Seavor. Marconi Operator Taylor. Musicians Crane
and Killip, Carpenter Joshua Thomas, Sailors Monteith, Harri-
son, and Roderig. Deck boys Irvine and Fell. Quarter-
master Tyrell. Greaser Harding. Firemen and Triinmers
Thomas Williams, James Abbol, John Abbol, Heinmeradanay
Massaquoi, Roberts, and Kutchon. Ship's Barber Rowett.
Head Stoker John Thomas.

First-Class Passengers

J. Marshall, S. Barnett, E. H. Cassell, A. Goldwater,
H. H. Seacombe, H. M'Laren, P. Deacon, Dr. E. E. Maples,
F. G. Wallach, H. E. Kent, Capt. A. E. Brown, Lieut. J. H.
Barrett, F. P. Barker, F. Unwin, D. Bathgate, C. E. Bressey,
O. Pearson, H. C. Higgins, A. C. Davidson, R. H. Grahame,
H. B. Hermon Hodge, J. A. Michell, H. J. Johnston, The
Rev. A. Field, J. Fitztownsend, Lieut. D. S. Grant, Lieut.

D. C. Sambridge, Capt. M. C. C. Harrison, W. A. Austin,
Lieut. -Commander G. C. Heathcote, R.N., Lieut. C. C. R.
Lacon, R.F.A., C. C. Robinson, J. C. Einery, A. E. Miles,
Dr. J. C. Fox, Miss A. J. Wait, Miss J. Bell, Mrs. Hode,
W. W. Bishop, Mrs. W. W. Bishop, Miss Victoria Palmer,
Miss C. Palmer, Lieut. P. W. E. Le Gros, Lieut. P. S. Emerton,
C. J. Matt, J. R. Anderson, D. C. M'Dougall, R. W. M'Neill,
C. B. Wooley, Dr. B. A. Percival, Lieut. C. W. H. Parker,
James Heatley.

Second-Class Passengers

J. Gould, William Walton, W. Kenmare, W. G. Phizacklea,

E. Phizacklea, J. M. Sharp, W. Dovell, Sgt. H. Blair, Sgt.
T. H. Plaum, E. Primrose, D. J. Ryder, D. H. Ryder, W. C.
Chiswell, J. King, W. J. Barrell, Corporal J. E. Kelliker,
H. Dibley, E. Penrose, A. E. Crawley, Corporal N. C. Turn-
bull, Sgt. J. W. Gallagher, T. Culver, W. Michaeli, R. Service,
E. Anderson, W. J. Thomas, A. Nichol, C. Nicol, Quarter-
master-Sgt. Birkett, Sgt. A. V. Roe, Sgt. J. D. Beatti, Charles
Davies, E. F. Rigby, A. Meikle.

The following were landed injured, and placed in the
Naval Hospital at Milford Haven : Second Engineer Peat

231

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(two fractured ribs), Lieut. Charles Toller (one rib broken),
A. D. A. Cottingham (fingers injured).

Milford Haven, March 29.

Times, Chief Cook Marchbanks said that the submarine screened

March 30, itself behind a trawler, and appeared quite suddenly. The
I9I5- explosion of the torpedo blew one of the lifeboats out of the

davits, and it fell upside down in the water with eighteen
passengers in it, all of whom, he held, were drowned. The
Falaba quickly took a heavy list. As he saw the Germans
on the submarine, laughing at them, faced with death as
they were, he shook his fist at them and called out : ' You
murderers ! ' He helped to support a steward named Muscar
in the water for an hour. There were dozens of people in
the sea crying out for help. All the time the submarine
was circling around them, with the Germans ' laughing their
sides out ' at them as they drowned. The trawler picked
up many of the people in the water, and made three attempts
to get the captain, hauling him aboard at last with a boat-
hook. He was clasping the ship's papers to his chest, and
died in a few minutes. The- Germans made no effort at all
to save any one, and they are nothing but murderers and
cold-blooded murderers at that.

Quartermaster Harrison, who was at the wheel when the
submarine appeared, said a course was at once steered to
throw the submarine astern, but she was going too fast for
them. The submarine carried a 3-in. gun, which was not
used and had no identification marks. He confirmed the
statement that the crew of the submarine looked on while
the men were in the water and jeered at them.

Survivors praise highly the coolness of Captain Davies
and the excellent discipline he maintained on board. He.re-
mained on the bridge throughout. The conduct of the wire-
less operator is also mentioned. He was repeatedly ordered
by the Germans to stop working ; he persisted, and was able
to pick up the Land's End station and telegraph the message,
' Torpedoed ; taken to boats ' before the Germans jammed
the apparatus.

Both stewardesses are believed to have been drowned.
232

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

To one of them a young officer had nobly given up his life-
belt, and he also was drowned.

Captain George Wright, master of the Lowestoft drifter ibid.
Eileen Emma, said he saw the submarine at 12.15 P.M. on
Sunday. He followed her for an hour. An hour later he
saw the torpedo fired at the liner. The liner sank after a
short time. The Eileen Emma was then 200 yards from the
submarine, and the enemy craft was about the same distance
from the Falaba. The crew of the submarine made no
attempt to rescue the scores of people struggling in the
water. Many of the rescued passengers declared emphati-
cally that the Germans laughed and jeered them while they
were fighting for life. Captain Wright said he laboured for
2^ hours rescuing the passengers and crew of the Falaba.
He picked up 115, six of whom died. The submarine stood
by whilst the liner sank. She then headed off in a south-
easterly direction, and then westerly. After picking up the
survivors, he (Captain Wright) made for Milford, and while
on the way met a destroyer, to which vessel the majority
of the rescued persons were transferred.

Mr. W. Michaeli, London, describing the sinking of the ibid.
vessel, said : —

' Every one on board became excited when it was known
that a submarine was near, and the passengers crowded on
deck. The captain of the Falaba put on full steam, but very
soon it was evident that we had no chance of getting away.
The enemy submarine chased us, and three-quarters of an
hour after we sighted her she was within hailing distance.
She appeared to be one of their latest and biggest boats,
carrying a good-sized gun, and this was trained on the Falaba
as soon as the submarine got near us. The commander of
the submarine sent up a rocket, and then, coming nearer,
ordered our captain to get every passenger into the boats
at once, saying, in good English, " I am going to sink your
ship/1

1 Then followed a terrible scene. Some of the boats were

233

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

swamped, and their occupants thrown into the sea, several
being drowned almost immediately. One man whom I after-
wards met was picked up after being in the water for an
hour. Barely ten minutes after we received the order to
leave the ship, and before the last boat had been lowered,
I heard a report and saw our vessel heel over. The pirates
had actually fired a torpedo at her at a range of 100 yards
when they could distinctly see a large number of passengers
and crew, including the captain, the purser, and other officers
still on board. It was a dastardly thing to do ; nothing but
murder in cold blood/

Another passenger gave the following account : —

Times, 'We were going full speed at the time, but the boat's

March 30, best was only between 12 and 13 knots, and the submarine
I9I5- overhauled us. She ran to our port side and hailed us,

threatening to sink us instantly if we did not obey. The
captain hove to, and the commander of the submarine then
called out in English that he gave us five minutes to leave
the boat. He immediately turned the submarine round to
our starboard quarter, and hove to about 300 yards away,
with the nose pointing direct to us amidships. Our crew
were lowering the boats as quickly as they could, but several
of them did not get down properly and were upset. Three
of them were swamped, and people were soon struggling in
the water. Another boat was actually half-way down the
davits, full of passengers, when the submarine torpedoed us
without further warning. I was one of the small party of
passengers and officers who had not got into boats, and I
distinctly saw the torpedo coming. In fact, it came straight
towards where we were standing, and we ran to the forepart
of the ship to escape it. The torpedo struck our vessel
amidships, and the Falaba immediately gave a list to star-
board and went down about ten minutes after. There was
a slight explosion when she was struck, but it was not very
loud, more like the report of a small gun.

1 The party of whom I was one jumped off into the water,

and got into a boat from Mumbles before she sank. The

. main deck was then awash. I had previously grasped a

lifebelt which was in my cabin — indeed, all the passengers

234

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

had been served with lifebelts — and when I got into the
water I seized hold of a floating buoy. For an hour I was
in the water, floating and swimming, and had to make my
way through wreckage and a number of dead bodies. At
last I was picked up, together with four others, including
one of the officers, by one of our own boats. I had all my
clothes on, and I should never have survived but for the
lifebelt and the buoy. The master of the Falaba jumped
off about the same time as I did, and he was one of the last
to leave the ship. But I was afterwards told he died imme-
diately, as the result of exposure. I also heard that eight
or nine of the crew died from injury after being landed.

'The submarine was flying the German ensign. I did not
really believe that she would fire the torpedo so soon without
giving warning. It was murderous, for people were swimming
around the ship, and a boat that was half-way down the davits
was flung into the water through the shock of the torpedo,
which smashed the davits. If the Germans had given us
only another ten minutes I believe all the passengers and
crew would have been saved. As it was, if the trawler had
not come up very few of us would have been left to tell the
tale. Not only did the submarine torpedo us so soon after
the warning, but we could see her crew laughing at us as we
were struggling in the water. I could not see her number,
which I believe had been painted out/

New York, March 30.

The World, whose comment on the sinking of the Falaba Times,
is headed ' Not War but Murder/ says : — March 31,

' Sinking enemy merchant vessels before the crews can be I915'
taken off and assured of being safely landed is flatly contrary
to international law. To blow up or drown helpless pas-
sengers is infinitely worse. It is of no military advantage.
This war will be determined as wars always have been deter-
mined— by men in arms. It rouses the pity of the neutral
world for the helpless victims and abhorrence for the men in
high command who order the murder to be done. The higher
policy of war as waged in Berlin began with the gigantic
blunder in the invasion of Belgium. It is continuing it with

235

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

another in decreeing the deliberate slaughter at sea of defence-
less men, women, and children/

The New York Press says, under the title, ' Submarine
Atrocities ' : —

' Modern civilisation has never before known anything to
approach the crimes committed within the last seventy-two
hours by submarines acting with the approval and under
the direction of the German Admiralty. The Dark Ages
have scarcely surpassed them/

The article goes on to say that no plea of reprisals can
remove the world's indictment of murder, and concludes :—

' Indelible is the stain on the naval name of Germany,
hitherto so often splendid in this war. Imperishable is the
infamy fixed by those butchers upon a race of such noble
purpose and glorious achievements through years of the past/

The German Staats Zeitung^ of course, upholds the attack,
saying : —

' The great number of those lost gives reason for regret.
Allied howlers and humanity shouters will naturally raise a
great cry. But they should not forget one thing — the number
of those lost in the ship disaster dwindles to nothing compared
with the millions of German women and children whom
England would bring to death by starvation, and the action
of Germany is in such circumstances the only proper answer
to English brutality/

New York, March 30.

Times, In an article headed ' Kultur at Its Meridian/ the New

March 31, York Herald makes the following comment on the sinking of
the Falaba :—

' There is great joy in the halls of kultur that over a
hundred non-combatants, some of them women, have been
ruthlessly murdered on the high seas. It is " the day/'
Renter.

ibid. Messrs. Elder-Dempster yesterday issued a list of 104

names of passengers and members of the crew of the Falaba
who have not yet been accounted for. To that number must
be added the seven identified bodies at Milford Haven.

A citizen of the United States, Mr; Leon Chester Thrasher,
236

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

was one of the passengers in the Falaba, and his name is
included in the official list of those missing.

Mr. Thrasher was about thirty years of age, and was on
his way back to the Gold Coast to resume his work as a
mining engineer. He had been staying for some weeks at the
Home and Colonial Hotel, Cartwright Gardens, Bloomsbury.

It is feared that there is no hope that further rescues have
been made. Passengers who survived declare that those who
were not picked up by the trawlers must have perished. They
add that the death-roll would have been much heavier owing
to the result of .exposure if the British destroyer had not
come alongside and taken off the passengers 4^ hours after
they had been rescued by the trawler.

Several passengers who were practically penniless, having
left all their effects behind them owing to the haste with
which they had to take to the boats, were provided with
money by Messrs. Elder-Dempster in order to return to
their homes.

The following is the official list of the missing passengers
and members of the crew : —

PASSENGERS

SIERRA LEONE.— B. W. Orr, F. E. Telford, R. J. Whittaker.

ACCRA. — L. A. Brooks, William Bruce, C. Bruce Frame,
M. Eddelin, T. Grimshaw, J. G. Marsden.

SECONDEE.— O. P. Bourke, T. Kreil, L. H. Massey,
F. L. ParneU, I. Sanderson, E. G. Teskie, L. C. Thrasher,
W. G. Wakeham, H. J. Willes, Miss J. Winchester.

LAGOS. — N. Antonopoulos, I. Bailey, Dr. F. J. A. Baldwin,
W. A. M. Chalmin, W. H. J. Clifton, W. Downham, Dr. J. C.
Fox, G. K. Gwen, F. G. Boulden, Dr. A. W. H. Grant, P. O.
Henderson, H. H. Hendrick, J. A. Houston, W. Jackson,
W. E. Knighton, L. R. Mann, S. Manger, T. A. E. Rouchetti,
J. H. Silcock, I. C. Thomas, W. H. C. Traisdell.

FORCADOS. — A. Burgess, W. Wagstaff.

BONNY. — D. Pryde.

CALABAR. — W. E. Georgeson, H. J. Hesse, Mrs. J. Hyde.

DUALA.— A. Hall, W. Lees, W. J. W. Nicholas, P. Turner,
W. Westlake.

237

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

CREW

Second Officer H. C. Hawkins, Sixth Engineer C. Pickup.
Stewardess S. Gearle. G. Ackquah, I. Ackton, J. Alimo,
W. Bolton, H. Boardman, W. Corry, D. Cameron, J. Cruik-
shank, G. Coffee, Robert Corkhill, E. Clare, H. Dording,
J. Dandy, S. V. Daley, T. Evans, C. H. Eastaway, W. Fitz-
gerald, A. Holdsworth, J. Freeman, W. Freeman, A. Gough,
A. Harding, J. Hampson, W. O. Hughes, D. Irvine, Ed.
Johnson, R. Hamilton Jones, W. J. Kirwin, E. Lessint, W. R.
Lancaster, H. Meugrieyk, J. Massaquie, F. McCombe, M. G.
Roskell, J. Ryan, R. Loust, R. Roberts, R. Reffells, C. Sullivan,
J. Tyrrel, C. L. Taylor, G. W. Whitwell, F. C. Williams,
J. Williams, H. H. Wright, J. Wyse, T. Williams.

Dr. J. C. Fox, Putney, and Mr. A. C. Francis, who have
been included in the list of the missing, are now ascertained
to have been saved.

A message from Liverpool states that Mr. R. C. Lee;
first-class passenger on the Falaba, whose name appears in
the official list of missing, arrived there last night. He was
rescued by a trawler and landed at Milford.

(In the list given above the only similar name among the
missing passengers is W. Lees, who was bound for Duala.)

Times, The inquest on the eight recovered bodies of victims of

March 31, the Falaba disaster, including Captain Frederick J. Davies,
I9I5- was heid at Milford Haven yesterday by Mr. Price, the

Pembroke County Coroner. The Admiralty was represented
by Lieutenant-Commander de Crespigny and Mr. Bryant,
solicitor, and the owners by Mr. Williams. The Chief Con-
stable of Pembroke was also present.

Walter Baxter, chief officer of the Falaba, said the Falaba
left Liverpool for the West Coast of Africa at six o'clock on
Saturday evening with a crew of about 100, 150 passengers,
and a general cargo. All went well until 11.40 on Sunday
morning, when the third officer sighted a submarine from the
bridge. Captain Davies was in the chart room. The submarine
was flying the British ensign at first, and when she got close
hauled it down and flew the German flag. The witness called
the captain, who altered the vessel's course. The submarine
overhauled them in about ten minutes and signalled, ' Stop
238

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and abandon ship/ The Falaba kept on at full speed, where-
upon the submarine signalled, ' Stop, or I will fire into you/
The captain asked the witness's advice, and he replied,
' Better stop, considering there are so many passengers aboard/
Five boats had slung out when a torpedo was fired. The
first boat capsized and the occupants were thrown into the
water. The submarine steamed over from port to starboard,
got into position, and fired the torpedo. Several boats had
not been lowered, and a number of the crew and passengers
were on deck. He could not make out the number of the
submarine, which made no attempt to help them, but went
away at once. The witness stopped on board till the Falaba
sank about ten minutes after being struck. The torpedo
struck the ship opposite the wireless room, and there was a
violent explosion. The witness was about two hours in the
water before being rescued. Most of the crew were English.
The torpedo was fired five minutes after the Falaba stopped
and from a distance of about 150 yards, and the attacking
vessel could plainly see the people on the deck of the Falaba.
The submarine carried two guns, was painted the same colour
as the water, and her crew were in khaki. He was sure
of that.

George Wright, skipper of the steam-drifter Eileen Emma,
said that he saw the submarine and the Falaba some six
miles apart. The submarine came up about half a mile in
front of him, and the Falaba was torpedoed when he had
approached to within 300 yards. As soon as she had dis-
charged the torpedo the submarine steamed to the south-
west. The Eileen Emma picked up forty persons from the
water, including the captain, who was then nearly gone,
and so were five others. None of the six lived long. He
steamed for Milford Haven after the work of rescue, in which
the submarine made no attempt to join.

Denis Randleson, skipper of the drifter Wenlock, of
Lowestoft, said he picked up eight people, two of whom died.

David Rice, surgeon, of Milford, said all the eight bodies
had slight injuries on them, but none sufficient to cause death,
which was due to exhaustion and exposure.

The Coroner said that was all the evidence. There could
be no question as to the verdict. The ship was struck by
this torpedo, and the result was that, owing to exposure,

239

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

these men met with their deaths. If it had been under
ordinary circumstances he did not think the jury would
hesitate to say that the submarine had committed what was
an unlawful act. Here was a ship leaving England, not
coming to England, to prevent which the Germans said was
the object of their blockade. An enemy's boat appeared, and
without any pretence at examination and giving no time for
those aboard to clear, discharged a torpedo in a most cold-
blooded fashion. If that was not piracy and murder on the
high seas he did not know what was. Still he thought under
the circumstances it would be better if the jury brought in
a verdict that the victims met their deaths by being struck
by a torpedo fired from a German submarine. The authorities
might, if successful in capturing the submarine (her number
was not known), be able to mete out such measures as would
be commensurate with the dastardly deed committed. They
all deplored the deaths of these unfortunate people, and
hoped the crime would be brought home in the end.

The jury returned a verdict that deceased died from
exposure consequent on the ship being torpedoed by a German
submarine, and expressed their admiration at the conduct of
the crew of the steam drifter in rescuing so many lives.

The description of one oi the victims, an unknown man,
is aged about twenty-five, height 5 ft. 8 in., dress grey flannel
suit and grey overcoat, clean shaven, long features. He had
£10, i8s. in a horseshoe-shaped purse, besides a silver match-
box and a small red silk handkerchief.

Dublin, March 20.

Times, The steamer Dunedin, of Leith, which unloaded her cargo

March 31, m Dublin to-day, reports that on Sunday morning she
I9I5- observed the Falaba on the port bow at twenty miles to the

north. The morning was fine, and there was only a moderate
sea running. About 12.5 the captain of the Falaba sent a
wireless message which was received by the Dunedin stating
that a large submarine was approaching flying the British flag.
This was followed immediately by the ' S.O.S.' signal and a
further message stating that the submarine had hauled down
the British and hoisted the German flag and ordered the
passengers and crew to the boats. This message was not
240

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

completed, and a few minutes after, the crew of the Dunedin
observed a large volume of steam and water being shot several
feet into the air. When this lifted it was seen that the
Falaba had been struck amidships and almost torn in two.
She at once began to sink, and had disappeared in less than
ten minutes.

The captain of the Dunedin, acting under instructions,
made at full speed for the Irish coast.

Washington, April I.

The loss of Mr. Thrasher in the Falaba, as might be Times,
expected, bulks large in to-day's Press. Many despatches April 2>
are published from Washington about the embarrassment and
annoyance of the Administration. The New York Tribune
in its editorial columns urges the Administration to take a
strong line, and even the Washington Post suspends its abuse
of England to warn Germany that things like the sinking of
the Frye and Mr. Thrasher's death may cause complications.

Nor has Herr Dernburg improved his country's standing
by giving the New York Times an interview in which Teutonic
cynicism, dishonesty, and ineptitude are neatly balanced.

The Falaba, Herr Dernburg explains, was probably sunk
because she was using her wireless to call for help. Anyhow,
civilians were warned on February 18 to keep out of the
war zone, and it is ridiculous to circulate tales of piracy and
murder if non-combatants insist on getting between the firing
lines. Besides, all this outcry over the loss of a few hundred
civilians is difficult to understand when England is trying to
starve a nation. As for Mr. Thrasher's death, it must be
remembered that the American Government has not pre-
vented Americans from risking death by fighting against
Germany.

But if the German case is more than usually weak, and if
various newspapers are indignant, there are no signs of any
popular outcry sufficient to justify a modification of the
forecast which I ventured to make yesterday as to the ulti-
mate position of the Government.

NAVAL 4 Q 241

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The following news, officially circulated through German
wireless stations, has been received by the Marconi
Company : —

Berlin, April 2.

Times, The official provocative reports of the English and neutral

April 5, Press to the effect that the crew of the German submarine,
I9I5- when sinking the Falaba, laughed at the passengers' death

struggles, and, despite given possibilities, refused assistance,
is a shameless lie. England's decision to attack German
submarines by merchant ships, and to give prizes for suc-
cessful attacks, forces our submarines to act without loss of
time. Unfortunately, it is frequently impossible for sub-
marine crews to spare human lives, but, until now, England
recognised that submarine crews acted in the most humane
and most lenient way. England's attitude changed because
the sinking of the Falaba proves that passenger traffic is no
longer safe, and because submarine warfare therefore affects
her economic life seriously.

Berlin, April 6.

Times, A telegram from Herr von Jagow to the German Embassy

April 7, in New York states : —

I9I5- No report has been received from the submarine which

sunk the Falaba. According to trustworthy reports the
submarine requested the steamer Falaba to put the passengers
and crew in the lifeboats when other ships arrived on the
scene. Of late the English merchant ships have frequently
been provided with guns by the British Government, and
have been advised to ram and otherwise attack German
submarines. This advice has been repeatedly followed in
order to win the promised rewards. Military necessity,
therefore, forced the submarine to act quickly, which made
the granting of a longer space of time and the saving of life
impossible.

The German Government regrets the sacrifice of human
lives, but both British ships and neutral passengers on board
of such ships were urgently warned, and in good time, not
to cross the war zone. The responsibility rests with the
British Government, which, contrary to international law,
has inaugurated a commercial war against Germany, and,
242

] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

contrary to international law, has caused merchant ships to
offer resistance.

Washington, April 7.

Count Bernstorff yesterday issued an extraordinary state- Times,
ment in which he justified the Falaba outrage and the death April "
of Mr. Thrasher on the ground that British merchant ships
are armed and that a submarine had in self-preservation to
act quickly. Hence, if Americans persist in ignoring the
German warning to keep out of the war zone the responsi-
bility for their death rests ' with the British Government,
which, contrary to international law, had inaugurated a
commercial war against Germany, and contrary to inter-
national law had caused merchant ships to offer armed resist-
ance/ If, as various newspapers point out, this is really the
view of Berlin, it means that Washington is confronted with
a German denial of the right of Americans to traverse the
high seas, and a refusal to heed the warning of the American
War Zone Note that the United States would hold Germany
to ' strict accountability ' for the loss of American lives.

An authorised statement has been issued with reference Times,
to the sinking of the Elder-Dempster Liner Falaba, which was April 9,
torpedoed to the south of St. George's Channel on March 28. I9I5-
The liner sank in ten minutes, and the total number of lives
lost, according to the list supplied by the Elder-Dempster line,
was in. The statement is as follows : —

The Falaba was not armed. It is untrue that sufficient
time was given for the passengers and crew to escape. The
submarine closed the Falaba, ascertained her name, signalled
her to stop, and gave them five minutes to take to their boats.
It would have been nothing less than a miracle if all the
passengers and crew of a good-sized liner had been able to
take to the boats within the time allowed.

While the boats were still on the davits the submarine
fired a torpedo at the Falaba at short range. This action
made it absolutely certain that there must be great loss of

243

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

life, and must have been committed knowingly with the
intention of producing that result.

The conduct of all on board the Falaba appears to have
been excellent, and there was no avoidable delay in getting
out the boats.

It is possibly true, but quite irrelevant, that a trained
man-of-war's crew of equal numbers might have managed
to escape in similar circumstances with less loss of life.

To accuse the Falaba's crew of negligence under the
circumstances could not easily be paralleled.

Times, The following German war news is officially circulated

April 14, through German wireless stations and received by the Marconi
I9I5- Company : —

Berlin, April 14.
Main Headquarters report as follows : —

Re the news of the sinking of the British ship Falaba, it
is reported from a reliable source that the Falaba refused to
heave to, and that it drew away and even sent up rockets
for assistance, thus exposing the submarine to danger from
attack by ships coming to the rescue, and it also fired on the
submarine. In spite of this the submarine did not shoot at
once. From a distance of 530 yards the submarine ordered
the crew to leave the ship within ten minutes. The crew
took to the boats, but gave no help to the passengers who
were in the water, whom they might easily have helped.

From the time the command was given to the time the
torpedo was fired, not ten minutes, but twenty-three minutes
elapsed. When the shot was fired, only the captain could
be seen on the ship, and the submarine could not take any
passengers on board. It is a slander to say that the crew
of the submarine laughed at the drowning victims. It is not
necessary to answer this accusation, as at the inquiry made
by the British Government this was not repeated. The loss
of human lives must be blamed on England, who armed ships
in the mercantile marine.

The German papers generally fully approve of the re-
taliatory measures against English officers.

244

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

SIR J. D. REES asked the First Lord of the Admiralty Hansard.
whether official record will be made and published of the
circumstances attending the sinking of the Falaba ?

The PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (MR. RUNCIMAN) :
My right hon. friend has asked me to reply to this question.
A formal investigation under the Merchant Shipping Act, .

1894, into the circumstances attending the sinking of the
Falaba will be held as soon as possible. I am glad to be able
to announce that Lord Mersey has consented to undertake
the inquiry.

SIR J. D. REES : Will it be public ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : Subject to considerations affecting the
public interest, I think the report will probably be made
public.

REPORT ON THE LOSS OF THE S.S. FALABA
(The Merchant Shipping Acts, 1894 to 1906)

IN THE MATTER OF the Formal Investigation held at the White
Caxton Hall, Westminster, on the 2oth, 2ist, 27th, and Paper,
28th May, 1915, before the Right Honourable Lord Mersey,
Wreck Commissioner, assisted by Admiral Sir F. S. Ingle-
field, K.C.B. ; Lieutenant-Commander Hearn ; Captain D.
Davies ; and Captain J. Spedding, acting as Assessors, into
the circumstances attending the loss of the steamship Falaba,
of Liverpool, and the loss of 104 lives in or near latitude
51° 30' N., longitude 6° 36' W. on the 28th March 1915.

REPORT OF THE COURT

The Court, having carefully inquired into the circum-
stances of the above-mentioned shipping casualty, finds, for
the reasons appearing in the annex hereto, that the loss of
the said ship and lives was due to damage caused to the said
ship by a torpedo fired by a submarine of German nationality,
whereby the ship sank. In the opinion of the Court the act

245

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

was done not merely with the intention of destroying the
ship but also with the intention of sacrificing life.

Dated this 8th day of July 1915.

MERSEY, Wreck Commissioner.

We concur in the above Report,

F. S. INGLEFIELD ^
H. J. HEARN
DAVID DAVIES
JOHN SPEDDING

^Assessors.

ANNEX TO THE REPORT

Introduction

On the 3rd May 1915, the Lord Chancellor appointed a
Wreck Commissioner under the Merchant Shipping Acts,
and, on the i8th May, the Home Secretary appointed four
assessors. On the 4th of May the Board of Trade required
that a Formal Investigation of the circumstances attending
the loss of the Falaba should be held, and the Court accordingly
commenced to sit on the 2Oth May 1915. There were four
public sittings, at which forty-six witnesses were examined
and a number of documents were produced. The twenty-
five questions formulated by the Board of Trade, which are
set out in detail hereinafter, appear to cover all the circum-
stances to be inquired into.

BUILDING, OWNERSHIP, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ' FALABA '

The Falaba was a screw steamer, built in the year 1906
by Messrs. Stephens and Sons, of Glasgow, for the Elder
Line, Limited. She was intended for the West African trade.

Her managers were Elder, Dempster and Company,
Limited, of which Company Mr. John Craig was (and is) the
Liverpool managing director. His name stands on the ship's
register as the managing owner.

Captain William Peter Thompson is, and for seventeen
years has been, Marine Superintendent to Elder, Dempster
and Company. He had general authority to issue instruc-
tions regarding the equipment of the vessel.
246

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Dimensions and Equipment

The Falaba was of 4806 tons gross and 3011 tons net
register. Her length was 380 feet and her nominal horse-
power 654.

She was a liner fitted for passengers and cargo.

She carried four lifeboats, numbered i, 2, 3, and 4,
which had been built for the vessel by Messrs. Stephens and
Sons in 1906. She also carried three other lifeboats more
strongly built, and intended to serve as surfboats on the
African coast. These were numbered 5, 6, and 8. Number 5
had been built in 1911, and numbers 6 and 8 as recently as
1913. The seven lifeboats had accommodation for 282
persons. In addition to these lifeboats there was the
captain's gig (No. 7), which was designed to carry 25 persons.
Thus the boat accommodation on board was sufficient for
307 persons. On the voyage in question the Falaba carried
242 persons in all.

In addition to the boats the vessel was furnished with
12 life-buoys and 301 life-jackets, 19 of which were for
children.

Surveys, etc.

On the 2ist December 1914, Mr. Thomas Miller, Board of
Trade Surveyor of Liverpool, surveyed the Falaba for the
purpose of enabling her to obtain a renewal of her passenger
certificate. He gave evidence at the inquiry, and satisfied
me that at the time of his inspection the lifeboats, the
life-buoys, and the belts were in sound condition and fit for
the intended service. Having completed his survey he made
the declaration required by the Board of Trade, and on the
faith of it the Board issued a twelve months' certificate
dated the 22nd December 1914, by which the Falaba was
authorised to carry 118 first-class and 72 second-class pas-
sengers and a crew of 92, making a total of 282 persons.

In addition to this official survey the lifebelts were
inspected at Liverpool upon the sailing of the vessel, and at
the same time the boats were also examined by the ship's
carpenter and found to be in good condition.

I am satisfied that when the Falaba started on the voyage
in question in this inquiry the boats and the life-saving

247

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

appliances were all in good order and condition, and complied
with the requirements of the law.

The Position of the Boats on leaving Liverpool

When the Falaba left the Mersey on the 27th March 1915,
the lifeboats were disposed as follows : Nos. i, 3, and 5 (the
last-mentioned being a surf lifeboat) were on the starboard
side of the boat deck ; Nos. 2, 4, and 6 (the last-mentioned
being a surfboat) were on the port side. No. 8 (a surf life-
boat) was on the starboard side, and the captain's gig (No. 7)
on the port side of the poop or after boat deck.

Nos. i, 2, 3, and 4 (the large lifeboats), and No. 7, the
captain's gig, were swung out before the pilot left the Falaba
on the evening of the 27th March when she sailed. The
surf lifeboats 5, 6, and 8 were not swung out.

The launching apparatus consisted of Welin Patent Davits.

Boat Lists and Boat Drill

It is the practice on the steamers of the Elder-Dempster
Line to prepare boat lists for each voyage assigning to each
member of the crew a particular boat to which he must go
in case of need. This list cannot be prepared until the vessel
has left the port of departure, for not until then is it known
which of the crew will join the ship. Not infrequently some
of them fail to appear. On this occasion the vessel, having
left the dock and entered the river, began her voyage at
6 P.M. on Saturday, the 27th March, and apparently the
purser commenced the preparation of the boat list next
morning at 10.30 A.M. It had not been completed at the
time the Falaba was torpedoed as hereinafter described. But
about one-half of the crew consisted of men who had served
on the previous voyage. These men would know their boat
stations, for they would retain the old stations allocated to
them.

Boat drill on the Elder-Dempster Line is held once a
week, usually on the first Saturday or Sunday after the
commencement of the voyage. The masters of the steamers
are ordered by letter to see that the drill is repeated weekly,
and to record it in the log. Competitions are also held
between sailors, firemen, and stewards in swinging out,
248

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

lowering, manning, and rowing the boats, and a money prize
is awarded to the men of the successful boat. Particulars
of these competitions are also entered in the log. No boat
drill had been held on this voyage up to time when the Falaba
was torpedoed.

The Captain and Officers

The Falaba was under the command of Captain Davies.
He had been for more than twenty years in the employment
of Elder, Dempster and Co. He lost his life when the ship
went down.

Of the four officers three were making a voyage in the
Falaba for the first time. The fourth had made a previous
voyage in her.

Both the captain and the officers were competent and
efficient men.

The Crew

The crew numbered 95. Of these 43 were old hands on
the vessel, and the remaining 52 were new. The white
members of the crew comprised four quartermasters, three
A.B/s, a boatswain, a carpenter, an ordinary seaman, and
two deck boys. There were about 18 black sailors. The
remainder of the crew consisted of engineers, firemen, and
stewards. About one-half of the crew lost their lives when
the Falaba went down. The crew was, in my opinion,
efficient.

The Passengers

There were 147 passengers on board, namely, 85 males
and 7 females in the first-class, and 55 males in the second-
class. Of these passengers, 144 were of British nationality,
one was Danish, one Greek, and one American. There were
no children on board.

The Cargo

The cargo was loaded in the Liverpool Docks. It was a
general cargo of the ordinary kind. It included 13 tons
of cartridges and gunpowder for Government use on the West
Coast. This was not more than is usually carried in peace
time.

249

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [B

The Falaba unarmed

The Falaba was not armed. She carried no means either
of defence or of offence.

The Torpedoing of the ' Falaba '

In the following narrative ship's time is given throughout.

The Falaba started from the Mersey on her voyage to
Sierra Leone and other West African ports at 6 P.M. on
Saturday the 27th of March last.

On the morning of Sunday the 28th March, Mr. Baxter,
the chief officer, and Mr. Pengilly, the third officer, were on
watch on the bridge. The captain was in the chart room.

At 11.40 A.M., Mr. PengUly sighted a submarine three
miles off and about two points abaft the starboard beam.
She was flying what Mr. Pengilly took to be a British ensign.
The only other craft in sight was a steam drifter, the Eileen
Emma, which was at some distance.

At this time the course of the Falaba was S. 36° W. by
compass, her speed was 12 to 13 knots, and her position
51° 32' N. lat. and 6° 36' W. long. She was about 60 miles
west of St. Ann's Head. There was a choppy sea, which was
becoming worse.

Mr. Pengilly at once reported the submarine to Mr. Baxter,
and he summoned the captain to the bridge.

The captain immediately altered the course of the Falaba
so as to get the submarine directly astern, and at the same
time he rang up the engine-room to increase the speed.
The best was done in the engine-room to respond to this call,
but it was found impossible to effect any material improve-
ment in the short time available.

The captain then sent Baxter to instruct the Marconi
operator to signal all stations as follows : ' Submarine over-
hauling us. Flying British flag. 51° 32', 6° 36'.' This
message was sent out at 11.50 A.M. Baxter then obtained
a telescope, and observed that the submarine was flying a
German ensign. It is, in my opinion, uncertain whether the
ensign had been changed or whether the ensign already
observed was not, in fact, a German flag. The point, how-
ever, is not material, because from the first the captain
believed the submarine to be an enemy craft.

The submarine was at this time making about 18 knots,
250

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and was rapidly overhauling the Falaba. Shortly before
noon she fired a detonating signal to call attention, and by
flags signalled the Falaba to ' stop and abandon ship/ The
Falaba did not stop, but still manoeuvred to keep the sub-
marine astern. The submarine then signalled ' Stop, or I
fire.' The captain and the chief officer then conferred, and
decided that it was impossible to escape. They accordingly
rang to the engine-room to stop the engines. The signal
' Stop, or I fire ' was given a minute or two before noon.
The submarine then signalled ' Abandon ship immediately/
and hailed through a megaphone to the Falaba to take to the
boats as they were going ' to sink the ship in five minutes/
The captain answered that he was taking to the boats. The
Marconi operator heard the hail, and sent a second message
' Position 51° 32' N., 6° 36' W. torpedo going boats/ The
warning that the submarine was going to sink the ship in
five minutes was given as nearly as possible at noon.

The Falaba stopped at 12.4 or 12.5 and at 12.10 the
submarine fired a torpedo into her. At this moment the
submarine was within about 100 yards of the Falaba. The
torpedo struck the Falaba on the starboard side by No. 3
hatch aft of No. I lifeboat and just alongside the Marconi
house.

The blow was fatal. The Falaba at once took a list to
starboard, and in eight minutes (namely 12.18) she sank.
This was within twenty minutes of the notice from the
submarine of her intention to sink the ship.

An affidavit by Mr. Baxter, the chief officer, which has been
put in has satisfied me that no rocket or other signals were
fired or shown from the Falaba on the 28th March.

I do not desire, nor am I in this case required, to find
whether the submarine was within her rights as an enemy
craft in sinking the Falaba. But I do assume that in any
event she was bound to afford the men and women on board
a reasonable opportunity of getting to the boats and of
saving their lives. This, those in charge of the submarine
did not do. And so grossly insufficient was the opportunity
in fact afforded, that I am driven to the conclusion that the
captain of the submarine desired and designed not merely
to sink the ship, but, in doing so, also to sacrifice the lives of
the passengers and crew.

251

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

There was evidence before me of laughing and jeering on
board the submarine while the men and women from the
Falaba were struggling for their lives in the water ; but I
prefer to keep silence on this matter in the hope that the
witness was mistaken.

Orders to Passengers and Crew

Between the first signal of the submarine to stop and the
actual stopping of the Falaba the chief officer directed the
first and second stewards to assemble the passengers on deck
and to tell them to put on their lifebelts. The captain also
sent the fourth officer below to see that these orders were
carried out.

After the engines were stopped the chief engineer and
the third engineer ordered all men in the engine-room and
stoke-hole on deck, and the order was obeyed.

Orders to Man the Boats

By the time the Falaba was stopped a large number of
the passengers were already on the boat deck. The captain
was on the bridge. He sent the third officer and the quarter-
master to see to the lowering and the filling of the boats, arid
the order to man the boats Was passed round the ship.

The Condition of the Lifeboats when the Order to lower

was given

During the course of the inquiry serious complaints were
made by some of the witnesses both as to the condition of
the boats and as to the launching of them. These complaints
were put forward quite honestly, although in some instances
they came from passengers who are now preferring claims
against the owners for compensation. I will take the charge
against the boats first : it is the more important. It was
said of them that they were ' rotten/ Now the four large
life-boats, Nos. I, 2, 3, and 4, were all built in 1906 by the
builders of the ship herself, and they had all seen exactly
the same • service. Two of them, Nos. 3 and 4, were filled
and were got away from the Falaba safely. They were in
the water some hours, and were instrumental in saving about
eighty persons. One of them, No. i, was seriously damaged
while being launched, and after reaching the water opened
252

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

out and went adrift. The other, No. 2, was also seriously
damaged while being launched, but she remained afloat, and,
in fact, picked up a number of persons from the water and
put them on board a trawler. Mr. Ralston, the naval archi-
tect of the builders, was called before me. He satisfied me
that the materials used in building the four boats in 1906
were good, and the workmanship proper. He also told me
that such boats are estimated to last fourteen or fifteen years.

It appears that the two boats which got away safely
(Nos. 3 and 4) were washed up on the rocks of the coast of
Cornwall in April 1915, and were there seen and examined
by Mr. Cotterell, the Assistant Marine Superintendent of
Elder, Dempster and Co., on the 20th of that month. He
found at the same time and in the same locality the captain's
gig (No. 7) and one of the surf lifeboats (No. 8). The gig
had been washed up on the beach, but the surfboat (No. 8)
had been picked up at sea by a trawler and brought in to
Padstow to be repaired. Mr. Cotterell found the four boats,
3, 4, 7, 8, quite sound as to their timbers, but, of course,
damaged. These four boats were again seen and examined
in the month of May : on this occasion by Mr. Camps, a
member of the Institute of Naval Architects, who had been
sent for the* purpose to Cornwall by the owners. When
Mr. Camps arrived he found that another of the surfboats,
namely, No. 6, had been washed up on the rocks, so that
he was able to examine five of the boats — Nos. 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8.
He gave me a description of the damage sustained by each
of these boats. It was all damage attributable to rough
usage of one kind or another. The timbers were in all cases
quite sound. As to Nos. 3, 4, and 6, the structural damage
was probably due to contact with the rocks. No. 7 (the
gig) was not badly damaged, and was quite repairable. No. 8
had a hole smashed into her side two feet square. This hole
Mr. Camps ascribes to the boat having been rammed against
the side of the Falaba by the force of the explosion of the
torpedo, and I am of opinion that he is right.

I recall that all the lifeboats (seven) were surveyed at
Liverpool by the Board of Trade surveyor as recently as
December 1914, and also that they were examined at the
commencement of the voyage in question by Captain
Thompson, the Marine Superintendent of the owners, and

253

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

found on both occasions to be in good condition and fit for
the intended service.

It also appears that a sister ship to the Falaba — namely,
the Elmira, was built by Messrs. Stephens and Sons, of
Glasgow, at the same time as the Falaba, and was provided
with lifeboats similar to those furnished to the Falaba.
Those boats have been examined by Mr. Camps within the
last few days, and have been found quite sound. This evi-
dence of skilled and apparently careful men satisfies me that
the witnesses who describe the boats as having been ' rotten '
are mistaken, and that, in truth, the boats were sound and
in good order up to the time of the attack by the submarine.

What, however, the witnesses probably mean when they
say the boats were rotten is that when afloat some of them
were found to be unseaworthy. And this, no doubt, is true.
But this condition of things was, in my opinion, wholly due
to the damage sustained by the boats after the operation of
launching began, and not to any previous defect. Upon the
subject of the launching, it is, therefore, necessary to say a
few words. It is to be remembered that the submarine had
given the Falaba only about five minutes in which to man, to
fill, and to launch these boats : in which, in short, to save
the lives of 242 persons. This was an operation quite in-
capable of efficient performance in anything like that short
space of time. There was unavoidable hurry and disorder ;
the falls of one of the boats slipped ; the falls of another
jammed ; some boats were dashed against the side of the
ship and damaged ; one (No. 8) was seriously injured by the
explosion of the torpedo while still hanging from the davits.
It is in these circumstances that some of the witnesses appa-
rently desire me to find that the damage done to the boats
was due to the neglect of the officers and crew in connection
with the launching. I cannot do this. I have no doubt
that had there been more time for the work it might have
been better carried out, but, in my opinion, all on board,
captain, officers, crew, and passengers, did their very best.
People were fighting for their lives and for the lives of others
about them, and in the struggle the captain, half the crew,
and a large number of the passengers were drowned. It is
impossible for me to fix any man on board the ship with a
failure of duty or with incompetence. The responsibility for
254

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the consequences of this catastrophe must rest exclusively
with the officers and crew of the German submarine.

The Deaths

Out of the 242 persons on board, 138 were saved and 104
were lost. Those lost were made up of 57 of the passengers
and of 47 of the crew.

The Drifter ' Eileen Emma ' and the Trawlers
Most of the people saved were picked up from the water

or taken from the boats by the master and crew of the Eileen

Emma, a drifter.

Others were taken on board the trawlers Orient II.,

Wenlock, George Baker, and Emulate, which arrived on the

scene after the Falaba had sunk.

The men on board all those five fishing boats behaved

with great courage and kindness, and deserve the highest

commendation .

FINDING OF THE COURT

It is now convenient to answer the twenty-five questions
submitted by the Board of Trade.

i. When the S.S. Falaba left Liverpool on the 27th March
last : (a) What was the total number of persons employed in
any capacity on board her, and what were their respective
ratings ? (b) What was the total number of her passengers,
distinguishing sexes and classes and discriminating 'between
adults and children ?
Answer :

(a) The total number of persons employed in any
capacity on board the Falaba was 95.
Their ratings were : —

Master and 5 deck officers . 6

6 engineers .... 6
12 deck hands . . . .12
2 pursers .... 2

14 firemen and 7 trimmers . 21

OX c + ^vtiro-r/-^ o-nrl T c-f-oixro-rrlocc O Cf

14 nremen and 7 trimmers > 21
34 stewards and i stewardess . 35
i Marconi operator and 2 clerks 3
Cooks, etc. . . . .10

Total . . • 95

255

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(b) The total number of passengers was 147. Of
these : —

Male.

ist Class . . 85

2nd Class . . 55

Of the above, none were children.

2. Before leaving Liverpool on the 27th March last, did
the Falaba comply with the requirements of the Merchant
Shipping Acts, 1894 to 1906, and the Rules and Regulations
made thereunder with regard to the safety and otherwise
of passenger steamers ? — Answer : Yes.

3. Was the S.S. Falaba sufficiently officered and manned ?
— Answer : Yes.

4. (a) What was the number of boats of any kind on
board the S.S. Falaba ? (b) Were the arrangements for
manning and launching the boats on board the Falaba in
case of emergency proper and sufficient ? (c) What was the
carrying capacity of the respective boats ? (d) Had a boat
drill been held on board before the vessel left Liverpool, and,
if so, when ?

Answer :

(a) 4 lifeboats.

3 surf lifeboats,
i captain's gig.

(b) Yes.

3 surf lifeboats was for 282 persons. Captain's
gig was for 25 persons, or a total of 307 persons.

(d) No, but see p. 248 above.

5. What number of life-jackets for adults and children
and life-buoys did the vessel carry ? Where were they kept,
and were they fit and ready for use when the vessel left
Liverpool ?

Answer :

The number of life-jackets was 301, of which 19
were for children. The number of life-buoys was 12.
Yes.

6. Were any, and if so how many, and which, of the boats
256

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

carried swung out-board on leaving Liverpool ? — Answer :
The 4 large lifeboats (Nos. i, 2, 3, and 4) and the captain's
gig (No. 7) were swung out before the pilot left the Falaba
on the evening of 27th March.

7. At what time on March 28th last was the German
submarine first sighted by those on board the Falaba, and
what were the approximate positions of the two vessels at
that time ? Were any other vessels in sight at this time,
and if so what were they, and what were their relative posi-
tions as regards the S.S. Falaba and the German submarine ?

Answer :

The submarine was first sighted at 11.40 A.M.

The position of the Falaba was approximately 51° 32'

N. latitude and 6° 36" W. longitude.
The position of the submarine was three miles off the

Falaba and about two points abaft the starboard

beam.
The only other vessel in sight was a steam drifter,

the. Eileen Emma, which was at some distance from

the Falaba and astern of the submarine.

8. What flag or flags were being displayed by the Falaba
at the time the German submarine was first sighted and
thereafter ? — Answer : None.

9. What flag or flags (if any) were displayed or shown
by the German submarine (a) At the time she was first sighted,
(b) At any time thereafter ? Did the German submarine
carry any distinguishing number or marks by which her
identity could be established ?

Answer :

(a) A white ensign, but see p. 250 above.

[b) The German white ensign.

No distinguishing number or marks were observed.
IO; What signals were made by the German submarine ?
At what times were they made ? Was any answer made by
the S.S. Falaba to such signals ? — Answer : See p. 251
above.

11. At what time were the engines of the Falaba stopped ?
— Answer : One minute or two before noon.

12. How near to the Falaba did the submarine approach ?
Were any verbal directions or messages given by any one
on board her to the Falaba ? If so, what were they ? What
NAVAL 4 R 257

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

answer (if any) was made to them by any one on board the
Falaba.
Answer :

One hundred yards.

Yes. The submarine hailed through a megaphone to
the Falaba to take to the boats as they were going
to sink the ship in five minutes.

The captain of the Falaba answered that he was taking
to the boats.

13. What orders, if any, were given by the master of the
Falaba after sighting the German submarine as to sending
out wireless messages from his vessel ? What wireless
messages were, in fact, sent out from the Falaba, and at
what times were they sent out ?

Answer :

See pp. 250, 251 above.

The message ' Submarine overhauling us. Flying

British flag. 51° 32', 6° 36V was sent at 11.50 A.M.
The second message, ' Position 51° 32' N., 6° 36' W.,

torpedo going boats ' was sent about noon.

14. Was the Falaba sunk by a torpedo fired by a German
submarine ? — Answer : Yes.

15. At what time and from what distance away was the
torpedo fired by the German submarine ? At the time the
torpedo was fired had all the crew and passengers of the
Falaba left the ship in the boats ? Were those on board the
German submarine in a position to see clearly the position
of affairs on board the Falaba at the time the torpedo was
fired ? What other ships (if any) were in the vicinity of the
Falaba at the time the torpedo was fired ?

Answer :

About 100 yards.

No.

Yes.

The steam-drifter Eileen Emma, see p. 250 above.

16. Where did the torpedo strike the Falaba ? When it
exploded what was the result (a) to the ship, (b) to any of
her boats which were being, or about to be lowered, (c) to any
passengers and crew then in the boats or in the water near
the ship or on the ship ?

258

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Answer :

The torpedo struck the Falaba on the starboard side
by No. 3 hatch aft of No. I lifeboat and along-
side the Marconi house.

(a) The Falaba at once took a list to starboard and

sank in eight minutes.

(b) See pp. 253, 254 above.

that the concussion killed some of the people
in the boats or in the water.

17. For how long after firing the torpedo did the German
submarine remain in the vicinity of the Falaba ? Did those
on board her make any effort to render assistance in saving
life ? If not, could they have done so ?

Answer :

Till the Falaba sank.

No.

Probably not, without endangering the submarine.

18. For how long after being struck by the torpedo did
the Falaba remain afloat ? — Answer : Eight minutes.

19. When were orders given by the Master of the Falaba
to get out the boats and leave the ship ? Were such orders
promptly carried out and was proper discipline maintained ?
Were the boats swung out filled, lowered, or otherwise put
into the water and got away under proper superintendence ?

Answer :

About noon and after the order to stop the engines.

Yes.

20. How many and which boats were successfully lowered
and sent away ? What number of (a) Crew, (b) Passengers
were in each of these boats ? To how many and which boats
did accidents happen whilst they were being got out or
being lowered or when in the water ? What were the nature
and causes of such accident ? What number of passengers
and crew were in each boat at the time ? What loss of life
(if any) occurred by reason of the accidents to these boats ?

Answer :

Lifeboats Nos. 3 and 4 ; see p. 252 above.
See pp. 253, 254 above.

259

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

21. Were all the boats efficient and serviceable for the
purpose of saving life ? — Answer : Yes.

22. Before firing the torpedo, what time was given by
the Commander of the German submarine to the Master of
the Falaba to get all on board into the boats and leave the
ship safely ? Was such time reasonable ? — Answer : See
p. 251 above.

23. How many persons on board the Falaba on the
occasion in question were saved, and by what means ? What
was the number of passengers, distinguishing between men
and women and adults and children of the first and second
class respectively, who were saved ? What was the number
of the crew, discriminating their ratings and sexes, who
were saved ?

Answer :

138 persons were saved ; of whom 90 were passengers,

of whom 6 were females.
No evidence of class of survivors.
Of the crew, there were 48 survivors, of whom all

were males.

24. What was the cause of the loss of the S.S. Falaba
and the loss of life ? — Answer : Damage to the Falaba caused
by a torpedo fired by a German submarine, whereby the
ship sank.

25. Is blame attributable to Mr. John Craig, Registered
Manager, Mr. William Peter Thompson, Marine Superin-
tendent, and Mr. Walter Campbell Baxter, Chief Officer, or
to any, and, if so, which of them ? — Answer : No.

WAR WORK IN THE BALTIC THEATRE

Communique of the Russian Naval General Staff

Novoe With the approach of spring public interest in the opera-

Vremya, tions in the naval theatres of Northern Europe and in the

March situation which has come into existence during eight months

I9I5 ' °^ war' ^as na^ura^y increased. Leaving aside the situation

in the Western theatre, where the influence of Russian naval

power is not exerted directly, we deem it timely now to

260

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

trace in general outlines the situation as it appears in the
Eastern naval theatre. Unfortunately the moment has not
yet arrived for entire frankness. Much as before must
remain secret, because among that which has passed is an
entire series of events connecting us with that which is
occurring and will occur in the future. Experience of the
war has clearly confirmed the necessity for the observation
of secrecy in war operations under modern conditions ; espe-
cially in war operations at sea, and especially for the weaker
opponent, such as the Russian fleet undoubtedly is in com-
parison with that of Germany. Nevertheless, while keeping
secret everything necessary, we may now depict the existing
situation in its general form. Seeing that the problems,
forces, and resources of the antagonists, as they were at the
moment of the outbreak of war, are known, so, in order to
present the situation, it will be most convenient cautiously
to give a review of what has taken place in the Baltic Sea
since the beginning of the war.

During the first month of the war the German fleet con-
fined itself to observation of our fleet. The Germans did not
know what the English would undertake, and therefore,
fearing an attack on their rear, did not risk moving their
main forces to the East. This circumstance gave us time to
put the occupied region into a defensive position and move
forward the line of defence. The entire region of the fleet's
operations was mined and declared closed to navigation.
After we had occupied a firm position, several units of our
fleet began to develop operations near the coast of the enemy.
Scouting vessels, which put to sea on several occasions, dis-
covered the enemy's whereabouts, when his light cruisers, of
a weaker type than ours, invariably avoided an engagement
and retired, taking advantage of their superior speed. Thus
on July 29th (August nth) one of the Russian scouts en-
countered two of the enemy's cruisers and two torpedo-boats
in the latitude of Gothland Island. The affair took place at
night, and the German vessels, increasing their speed, escaped
in the darkness. On August 2Oth (September 2nd) the Oleg
and Bogatyr, west of Libau, tried to pursue two light cruisers,
but the latter, without allowing them to come within range,
escaped to the south. In August the enemy once attempted
to penetrate beyond the line of our defence, which he suc-

261

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ceeded in doing, thanks to the fog. However, the same fog
served as the cause of the loss of one of the German ships ;
the cruiser Magdeburg, as we know, at this time ran on a rock
and was destroyed by us. At the same period several result-
less skirmishes occurred between our vessels and the enemy.
The cruiser Augsburg shelled a trawling party which was
working south-west of Gange (?) with the object of finding
and demolishing the German obstructions, where before this
two Dutch merchant steamers had been blown up. The
Augsburg did not succeed in her intention, and ceased firing
on the trawlers as soon as she noticed the smoke of the
approaching torpedo-boat Voiskovoy. While retiring west-
ward she fell in with the cruiser Admiral Makarov, but, thanks
to her great speed, the Augsburg escaped destruction, though
during the exchange of fire, which developed at very long
range, she apparently sustained damage to her rudder. On
August 24th (September 6th) the cruiser Pallada, which was
on patrol duty, came under the fire of the armoured cruiser
Blucher ; the latter, though possessing a considerably stronger
armament (twelve 8.2-in. guns against two 8-in. guns of the
Pallada) avoided an engagement, availing herself of her speed
of 25 knots against our cruiser's 21 knots, and did not ap-
proach within range of the Pallada's fire.

On August 24th (September 6th) for the first time con-
siderable forces of the enemy appeared in the northern part
of the Baltic Sea. They comprised from five to seven battle-
ships of an old type ; three armoured cruisers, several other
cruisers, and two torpedo flotillas. The strength of the enemy
exceeded ours, which consisted of four battleships of the line
and five armoured cruisers. Vessels were despatched to the
support of the attacked Pallada, but, after cruising about
two days, they did not discover the enemy. At this time the
cruiser Augsburg was attacked by our submarine Akula, but
against her the Germans sent their torpedo-boats, and the
Akula was forced to retreat, having accomplished, it should
be said, a voyage under water under extraordinarily arduous
conditions. The German squadron on this occasion confined
itself only to the destruction of the lighthouse Bogsher, while
light cruisers entering the Gulf of Bothnia destroyed the
steamer Uleaborg.

Having received information about the emergence of our
262

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

forces, the German squadron at night fell in with its own
torpedo-boats, and, taking them for Russians, opened fire,
damaging as many as eight of its own ships. Having learnt
that the enemy had gone to sea south of Vindau, our squadron
returned, inasmuch as a battle with the enemy near his own
shores obviously did not enter into our plans ; under such
conditions it would have been easy to lose even a slightly
injured vessel, whose return to her base the Germans would
have been able to cut off, while it was highly undesirable
to lose ships, taking into consideration the weakness of our
forces.

At the beginning of September the second phase of the
war was entered upon. The German fleet undertook demon-
strative movements off our south coast, these movements
bearing the character of preparation for a landing. The
enemy carried out soundings, reconnoitred the coast, shelled
the lighthouses Steinort and Bakhofen. At Bakhofen was
situated our observation post, which, on the approach of the
German torpedo-boats, opened fire ; one officer and two men
were killed on the torpedo-boat. Meeting with resistance
the enemy rapidly withdrew, without having inflicted on us
any material damage, and having only slightly wounded one
man. On October nth (October 24th) the Germans
approached Vindau with a squadron accompanied by trans-
ports. Our torpedo-boats were despatched to the spot of
the proposed landing, but the main forces of the Germans
had already withdrawn, and our torpedo-boats came into
collision with the German torpedo-boats, which avoided an
engagement and escaped in the darkness.

Having in this manner discovered the activity of our
fleet in the southern part of the Baltic, the enemy from the
end of September changed his plan of action, and began to
direct his chief efforts to the task of hampering our activity
with his submarines.

The first attack took place on September 27th (October
loth), when a submarine, hiding behind a laiba (Finnish bark),
assaulted the cruiser Admiral Makarov. On the following
day the Pallada was attacked and sunk. The" activity of
the German submarines proved far from being so successful
as many thought at first. For one successful attack there
occurred an enormous number of failures. We will take as

263

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

an example the attacks for two months from the time of the
first attack on the Matiarov. On September 2yth (October
loth) the Makarov was attacked. On September 28th
(October nth) the Pallada. On September 3oth (October
I3th) our submarines were attacked. On September 3rd
(September i6th), September I5th (September 28th), and
September 2ist (October 4th) attacks were made on our
torpedo-boats. On September 2ist (October 4th) submarines
attacked the Bogatyr. On the 22nd September (October 5th)
and September 24th (October yth) two torpedo-boats were
attacked ; then a group of torpedo-boats ; then one torpedo-
boat. On October 24th (November 6th) two submarines,
ours and a German, unsuccessfully attacked one another.
On November 4th (November iyth) a submarine tried to
attack the Steregushchi, which in her turn was preparing to
ram it. On November gth (November 22nd) the Inzhener
Mekhanik Dmitriev was attacked, and also rammed a sub-
marine. On November 24th (December 7th) a torpedo-boat
was twice attacked. On November 28th (December nth)
there were two attacks on the cruiser Bogatyr. On November
28th (December nth) the Bobr was attacked. Thus for two
months there were nineteen attacks by submarines, of which
in nine cases the torpedoes did not reach the target ; in nine
cases the submarines could not even discharge their tor-
pedoes ; and only in one case did the attack prove successful,
whereas the submarines suffered very materially. One of
them was destroyed by the artillery of the Bayan ; another
of the newest type was rammed by the torpedo-boat Letuchi,
one on September 28th (October nth) was blown up on our
mines, and two more also probably perished on mines. The
failure of the German submarine operations is all the more
notable, in that the Russian fleet, precisely at this time,
having completed the preparation of the region for its opera-
tions in the north of the Baltic Sea, was intensively develop-
ing its movements off the enemy's coasts. Thus it appears
that conflict with submarines proved quite possible, given
the observation of certain measures perfected by practice.
Submarines embarrass an enemy fleet, but they cannot
positively hinder it.

The operations undertaken by the Russian fleet off the
enemy's coast must not yet be revealed. However, it may
264

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

be openly said that their result was not slow to reflect on the
activity of the foe, who sustained very material losses in
ships and saw his movements along his own coasts severely
hampered, because he lost here several transports with
military freight.

In conclusion, we may point out that for the time that
has expired, the Russian fleet to a considerable degree has
strengthened and prepared for encounter with the enemy the
region on which it rests ; it has acquired the most valuable
material experience for conflict with new technical means,
and has not only not been weakened but, on the contrary,
has been extraordinarily strengthened in its composition.

RUSSIAN BOMBARDMENT OF THE BOSPHORUS

(Official.)

Petrograd, March 29.

The Black Sea Fleet yesterday bombarded the outside forts Times,
and batteries of the Bosphorus on both sides of the Straits. March 30,
According to observations made from the ships and hydro-
planes, the shells fell with exactitude.

The Russian aviators flying above the Bosphorus batteries
carried out reconnaissances and dropped bombs with success.
A heavy artillery fire was poured on to the aviators, but
without success. The enemy's torpedo-boats which tried to
come out were driven back into the Straits by the fire of. our
guns.

A large hostile four-masted ship, which was trying to get
into the Bosphorus from seaward, was bombarded by us. She
finally heeled over and blew up.

Petrograd, March 31.

An official communique issued to-night says : —

Fog in the region of the Bosphorus on March 29, 30, and
31 prevented our warships from continuing the bombardment.

Our fleet bombarded Zunguldak, Kozlu, Kilimli, and
Eregli (70 or 80 miles east of the Bosphorus), and destroyed
once more the buildings which the Turks had repaired after
the previous bombardments.

We also sank a steamer and many sailing ships laden with

265

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Times,
April i,

K.V.,

March 30,

Times,
April i,

coal. In spite of a very sharp fusillade our aviators dropped
bombs from seaplanes. — Renter.

(Official)

Petrograd, March 30.

On the morning of March 29 our fleet approached the
outer fortifications of the Bosphorus, but could not continue
the bombardment owing to the fog which shrouded the
coasts. One of our smaller ships exchanged shots with a
destroyer from the Turkish squadron, which made off at full
speed for the Bosphorus after the first shots.

The statement published in the Vossische Zeitung that a
Russian General was on board the Russian cruiser Askold
with the mission to keep a watch over the operation of the
British and French fleets in the Dardanelles is one of the
numerous canards which the Germans are inventing with
the sole purpose of creating a breach in the camp of the
Allies. It would be useless to deny this fresh lie, for, without
a denial, this invention did not attain its desired object. It
will be estimated at its true value by European opinion.

Constantinople.

After ten days of almost complete quiet the enemy fleet
recently renewed the bombardment of the villages near the
outer Dardanelles forts, the occupation of which by the
English landing corps had failed on March 4. Apart from
this the Allied squadron displayed no activity beyond the
daily reconnoitring flights by enemy airmen. It is evidently
awaiting reinforcements.

Berlin, March 31.

Reports from Constantinople state that the first bombard-
ment of the Bosphorus by the Russian Black Sea Fleet,
glorified by the Russian Admiralty, consisted of 128 shots
fired at three small cottages 17 kilometres (io|- miles) from
the fortifications, which did not reply.

Field-Marshal von der Goltz has informed the Sofia corre-
spondent of the Corriere delta Sera that, during the defence
against the bombardment of the Dardanelles, the Turkish
266

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

middle artillery, which constantly and quickly changed
positions, proved itself to be excellent.

At the last meeting of the Bulgarian Chamber, Radoslavoff
stated that a Balkan State Federation is impossible in conse-
quence of the incompatibility of interests. — German Wireless.

Amsterdam, March 31.

The following official communique from the Army Head-
quarters is published in Constantinople to-day : —

The Russian fleet, after bombarding Zunguldak, Eregli,
and Kozlu, on the Black Sea coast, with 2000 shells, without
doing any important damage, disappeared in a northerly
direction. Several aeroplanes ascending from the Russian
ships were driven back by the Turkish airmen.

The situation in the Dardanelles and other theatres of
war remains unchanged. — Renter.

FRENCH ATTACK ON A GERMAN SUBMARINE

Ministry of Marine, Paris, March 31.

Yesterday afternoon a vessel of the flotilla of the Second Times,
French Light Squadron off Dieppe saw a German submarine April i,
moving on the surface. I9I5-

The French vessel instantly started in pursuit and forced
the submarine to dive.

She then shelled her periscope and manoeuvred to ram her.

She passed over the submarine at the moment when the
periscope was disappearing, and noticed that a large amount
of oil was floating at that spot.

RECENT SUBMARINE CONFLICTS

On March 22 about noon the British steamer Southport c.O.,
was torpedoed by a German submarine in the neighbourhood April 3,
of the Royal Sovereign lightship. I9I5-

In the afternoon of March 28 the British steamer Brussels
encountered near the Maas lightship a large German sub-

267

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

marine which ordered her to stop. The Brussels made for
the submarine at full speed, and the latter hastily dived. It
is not known if she was sunk.

On March 29 the British steamer Flaminian was torpedoed
and sunk, her crew being saved by a Danish steamer.

London.

K.V., Renter's Agency reports : The steamer Crown of Castille

April i, was on her way from Newfoundland to Havre. When a

I9I5- submarine came in sight the captain called for volunteers as

stokers, the Chinese stokers being so frightened that they

were unable to do any work. The steamer was hoping to

escape the submarine, but after a chase lasting three-quarters

of an hour, the cabin and bridge were struck by shots. The

crew received half an hour's time to leave the ship. After

rowing about for six hours they were saved. It took the

Germans two hours to sink the steamer with shots.

London.

ibid. Report from Renter's Agency : The steamer Emma from-

Havre was torpedoed yesterday off Beachy Head without
previous warning. The ship sank immediately. Out of the
crew of nineteen men, seventeen are said to be drowned.

LIBAU BOMBARDED

C.O., On the evening of March 28 German warships approached

April 3, Libau and fired 200 rounds at that town.

Petrograd, March 30.

Times, A despatch from the General Staff of the Commander-in-

March 31, Chief says :—

I9I5- On the evening of the 28th German warships approaching

Libau fired 200 shells on the town, killing one peaceful in-
habitant and wounding another. No soldier was hit.

268

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

THE JAPANESE NAVY

The following account of the condition of the Japanese Navy,
and of the activities of the Fleet during the War, was specially
prepared by the Japanese Admiralty for publication in the
Japanese Section of l The Times,' which appeared on
September 2, 1916. It is printed here because the narrative it
contains of the activities of the Japanese Fleet during the War
is not continued beyond me month of March 1915, although
later dates are to be found in the section relating to con-
struction and finance. As the whole article was translated
and revised at the Japanese Embassy in London, the ortho-
graphy of proper names mentioned in it has been left as
settled by that authority.

In the months of July and August 1914, when a lowering
war cloud hung menacingly over Europe, Japan maintained
an attitude of strict neutrality. Hence the movements of
her Navy were mainly restricted to guarding her coasts,
protecting maritime trade, and carrying out the measures
necessary for the maintenance of her neutrality. Towards
the latter part of August, however, she broke off diplomatic
relations with Germany and Austria, and for the first time
entered into a state of war with the Central European Powers
— a circumstance still vivid in our memory.

Strictly speaking, the national policy of the Far Eastern
Island Empire has always been the maintenance of peace in
the East. That policy has never undergone any change, and
never will. Nevertheless, at the outbreak of the terrible
hostilities between the Great Powers of Europe the action of
Germany had compelled our Ally, Great Britain, to declare
war against that country. Even at Kiao-Chau (Tsing-Tau),
Germany's leased colony in China, all possible warlike pre-
parations had arduously been made by the Germans. The
incessant movements of her warships in all parts of the
Eastern Seas had become a serious menace to the international
trade of Japan and of other friendly Powers.

The peace of the Far East was at this moment in the
greatest possible danger. Free and frank consultation took
place between Japan and Great Britain, with the result that
the two Powers agreed to take such measures as were essential

269

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to the protection of their joint interests, in accordance with
the provisions of their Alliance. First, the Japanese Govern-
ment approached the German Government with moderate
advice. On the refusal of the latter Japan found herself
unavoidably involved in the present war under the terms of
her Treaty of Alliance with Great Britain. The actual con-
ditions which obliged Japan to enter into war with Germany
were clearly, though tersely, set forth in the Declaration of
War made by the Japanese Emperor.

Thus it was that in the present war the Japanese Navy
entered the contest in strict accordance with international
law, and with a view to securing by its valour the righteous
objects which have ever been pursued by the Land of the
Rising Sun.

We now propose to give the summary of activities of our
Navy since the beginning of war. But first let us remind
our readers of one fact which it would be unfair to leave un-
noticed— namely, that, the sole ground of Japan's participa-
tion in this terrific war being that already mentioned, the
plan of operations of the Japanese Navy was arrived at in
consultation with the chiefs of the British Navy. Conse-
quently the general movements of our Fleet were, and still
are, whenever necessary, carried out in conjunction with the
British Navy.

I. — NAVAL ACTION AT KIAO-CHAU

Directly after the declaration of war by Japan on August
23, 1914, the main force of the First Japanese Fleet, led by
the Commander-in-Chief, Vice-Admiral Tomosaburoh Kato
(now Admiral and Minister of Marine), was despatched to the
region extending from the Yellow Sea to the northern part
of the Eastern Sea, for the purpose of searching for and ward-
ing off any attacks by the hostile squadron. The battleships
Kawachi, Aki, and Satsuma were under the direct command
of Admiral Tomosaburoh Kato, a light cruiser squadron con-
sisting of Yahagi, Hirado, Niitaka, and Kasagi was placed
under Rear-Admiral Tetsuzo Tsuchiya, while the Otowa,
together with four destroyer flotillas, were led by Rear-
Admiral Hidesiro Fujimoto. Meanwhile, the Second Japanese
Fleet, under the command of Vice-Admiral Sadakichi Kato
270

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(at present Chief of the Educational Department of the
Japanese Navy), hastened simultaneously to the open sea
outside Tsing-Tau and began the attack on that German
stronghold. The official declaration of the blockade was
issued on August 27, 1914. Captain Hubert G. Brand, Naval
Attache to the British Embassy, Tokyo, took part in the
operation as one of the staff officers of the Japanese Admiral.
The British battleship Triumph and the destroyer Usk were
both placed under the command of the Second Japanese
Fleet, and thus took part in the operation.

At this time the main body of the enemy's Eastern Fleet
was playing hide-and-seek among the South Sea Islands,
while the rest of their vessels sought safety under the guns
of the Tsing-Tau Fortress — not daring to steam out of port.
In presence of this situation the Japanese Navy steadily and
watchfully awaited the further development of the chances
of war. At the end of August 1914, the first transport of
the Japanese besieging army started for Tsing-Tau, the
First Japanese Fleet securely convoying it through the South
Korean Seas in conjunction with a portion of the Second
Fleet, which took upon itself the duty of safeguarding navi-
gation in the direction of the Yellow Sea. Either directly
or indirectly the Navy assisted the Army transports to reach
their destination without any hitch. Subsequently a part of
the Second Fleet, consisting of the cruisers Chitos6, Chiyoda,
and Akitsusima, under Rear- Admiral Ohsuke Kamimura,
together with the Japanese Port Arthur Squadron, assisted
the landing of the besieging army at a certain point in the
vicinity of Tsing-Tau.

Meanwhile the Second Japanese Fleet, under the Com-
mander-in-Chief, Admiral Kato, who led the Suwoh, Iwami,
Tango, Okinosima, and Minosima, accompanied by another
force consisting of the Iwate, Tokiwa, Yakumo, Triumph, and
Usk, under Vice- Admiral Tochinai, and strengthened by the
torpedo flotilla, the Tone, and three destroyer flotillas, as
well as a specially commissioned flotilla, were all concen-
trated in the direction of Kiao-Chau ; and kept the strictest
watch over the enemy by day and night. Having forced
the main body of the German Fleet deep within the port, a
force was despatched to sea, notwithstanding the greatest
risk of terrific storms, to clear the way for the transport of

271

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the second part of the besieging army by clearing the seas
of mines, etc. Furthermore, the Japanese Naval Aeronautical
Squadron was sent up repeatedly, and hovered above the
danger zone of the hostile fortifications, with a view to recon-
noitring the condition of the enemy's forces. The Takachiho,
the special-commissioned boat, had succeeded in cutting the
enemy's maritime cables which connected them with the
outside world, and thereby rendered help in furthering the
warlike operations.

In the middle of September 1914, when the second trans-
portation of the Japanese troops took place, the First Fleet
had again resumed the task of convoying it. The landing of
troops at Laoshan Bay had been effected chiefly through
the assistance given by the Kamimura Division as well as
that of the Port Arthur Squadron. The main force of the
Second Fleet had, from September 28 onwards, together with
its mine-sweeping work, co-operated with the besieging army
in the repeated bombardments of the German forts. At
the same time it assisted the Kamimura Division as well as
the Okada squadron in rendering the blockade more and
more effective. The Naval Heavy Guns Section, which had
already joined the besieging army in the neighbourhood of
Tsing-Tau, had most successfully commenced the bombard-
ment of the hostile squadron, bottled up inside the^port since
October 14 — a bombardment which seriously handicapped
the preconceived plans of the German warships. Subse-
quently it gave substantial help, in co-operation with the
Army, in the tremendous attacks against the very strong
German positions.

On the completion of the preparations about the end of
October 1914, for the attack on the Tsing-Tau fortresses the
Second Japanese Fleet began a severe cannonade from the
2gth against the German forts and camps, and joined in the

general assault of the besieging army which commenced on
ctober 31. Upon the surrender of the enemy on November
7, 1914, en bloc, the blockade was raised by a proclamation
of November 10, thereby bringing to a conclusion the Japanese
operations in this direction.

In these operations the Japanese Navy lost the following
vessels : — The cruiser Takachiho, Sirataye, a destroyer, tor-
pedo-boat No. 33, the specially commissioned steamers the
272

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Chohmoh-Maru III. and VI., as well as the Kohyoh-
Maru.

The following enemy warships were either sunk or severely
damaged : — The cruiser Kaiserin Elisabeth, five gunboats, and
two destroyers.

II. — THE EASTERN AND CHINA SEAS

Directly after the outbreak of the war the Third Japanese
Squadron, comprising the Tsusima, Mogami, Yodo, Saga,
Uji, Sumida, Toba, and Fusimi, under Rear-Admiral Mitsu-
kane Tsuchiya (now Vice- Admiral), was entrusted with the pro-
tection of sea-borne commerce in the region extending from
the southern part of the Eastern Sea to the China Sea. As
the war developed it extended its vigil as far as the east of
Luzon Island, and at the same time it undertook the main-
tenance of communications between the different operating
squadrons. But, as the enemy warships were completely
driven from the Eastern Seas by the beginning of November,
1914, the Third Japanese Squadron was after that date given
the task of keeping watch over the German vessels.

Meanwhile during February 1915, a serious disturbance
had taken place among the Indian troops in Singapore. At
the request of Vice- Admiral Jerram, the Commander-m-
Chief of the British Eastern Fleet, the Commander of the
Third Japanese Squadron landed at Singapore marine troops
drawn from the crews of the Tsusima and Otowa, and thus
rendered special help in suppressing the disturbances in con-
junction with the combined troops of the English Army and
Navy. It is further reported that some of the troops landed
from the French warship Montcalm and the Russian con-
verted cruiser A riol had also co-operated in suppressing the
disturbances.

Subsequently Rear-Admiral Tsuchiya was transferred to
another post, Vice-Admiral Takarabe succeeding him as
Commander of the Third Squadron. The latter was also
transferred later on, his successor being Vice-Admiral Kakuichi
Kamimura. Part of this squadron is now performing other
duties under the command of Vice-Admiral Kaneo Noma-
guchi, whose sphere of action has since been extended in the
direction of the Indian Ocean.
NAVAL 4 s 273

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

III. — THE INDIAN OCEAN

A division of the Japanese Squadron despatched to the
South Seas, led by Captain Kwanji Kato, commander of the
Ibuki, had proceeded to Singapore on August 26, 1914, and
joined the British Eastern Squadron under Vice- Admiral
Thomas H. Martyn Jerram to engage in joint operations.
Captain Katsunosin Yamanasi represented the Japanese Navy
on the staff of the British Commander-in-Chief in this region.
At that time the Allied squadrons assumed a waiting attitude
while exercising a strict watch over the adjacent seas.

On September 10, 1914, one of the enemy warships, the
Emden, appeared in the Indian Ocean and the Eastern Seas.
The Japanese Division, largely increased in numbers, exerted
the best of its power to hunt down such enemy warships,
while another part of the Japanese Fleet convoyed the trans-
ports carrying the Australian and New Zealand Contingents.
In conjunction with the British Squadron the Japanese
Division adopted the measures best suited to the circumstances.

The enemy warships, however, continued their activities,
thereby rendering navigation in the Indian Ocean dangerous.
The result was that on October 15, 1914, another Japanese
Division, consisting of the Tokiwa and Yakumo, under the
command of Vice- Admiral Tochinai, was despatched to co-
operate with the British Squadron. Admiral Tochinai had,
besides the Tokiwa and Yakumo, resumed the command of
the Ibuki, Nisshin, Chikuma, Hirado, Yabuki, and Ikoma,
as well as a division of British destroyers. On November 9
the Emden attacked the Cocos Island, when she was destroyed
by the Sydney, thus putting an end to the operations in those
waters. Subsequently the Ibuki, one of the warships of
the Kato Division, had, either independently or in conjunc-
tion with the British warships, convoyed the great fleet of
transports from the British Oversea Dominions, and thus
carried the footprints of Japan as far as Aden.

At present the sphere of action undertaken by the Japanese
Navy is extended over the length and breadth of the Indian
Ocean.

IV.— THE PACIFIC

At the beginning of the war a division of the German
Fleet was operating off the North American coast and in the
274

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

vicinity of Hawaii. There was much uncertainty as to the
whereabouts of the main body of the German Fleet previ-
ously cruising round the South Sea Islands, together with
those German and Austrian warships which escaped from
their Eastern basis in Tsing-Tau before the Japanese declara-
tion of war. Consequently, the moment war was declared
by the Mikado the Japanese Navy despatched a fighting
division of its First Fleet composed of the battle cruisers
Kongo, Hiyei, Kumma, and Tsukuba (under the able com-
mand of Vice- Admiral Tsuchiya) to the Pacific, with a view
to safeguarding the international trade routes as well as
searching for these German and Austrian vessels. The divi-
sion (consisting of the Kurama, Tsukuba, Asama, Iwate and a
destroyer flotilla) was, however, afterwards called ' The Divi-
sion despatched to the South Seas/ owing to the correspond-
ing change of operations as the war developed. Soon after-
wards another body of the First Japanese Fleet, comprising
the Satsuma, Yabuki, Hirado, etc., led by Rear- Admiral
Tatsuo Matsumura, was despatched to the South Seas. This
was called ' The Second Japanese Detachment in the South
Seas/ Its object was to protect the Australian trade routes
and to search for German vessels. The two naval divisions
were able in co-operation to -do splendid work. The enemy,
however, tried strenuously to evade our ships, so that the
Japanese vessels occupied all his important strategical posi-
tions scattered throughout the South Seas, and thereby
deprived him of all his naval bases. At the same time, all
the natives of the possessions thus occupied were treated with
the greatest consideration by the Japanese Navy, being
allowed to continue their daily life perfectly unmolested and
undisturbed. The measures thus taken have not only con-
solidated and confirmed the safety of those places, but have
also contributed very considerably towards the progress and
success of our subsequent operations. Meanwhile these
Japanese Squadrons in the South Seas exercised enormous
pressure, either directly or from afar, upon the remnant of
the enemy warships scattered all over the high seas, as well
as upon the main body of the German Fleet cruising off the
Chilean coasts.

276

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

V. — THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

Before this the Japanese Government had been com-
pelled, in consequence of the disturbances in Mexico, to send
out at the end of the year 1913 a man of war, the Izumo
(commanded by Captain Keijiroh Moriyama), in order to
protect their own people in that country. Then followed
the great European War in 1914, which obliged Japan to
declare war on Germany and Austria, under the Treaty of
Alliance with Great Britain. Thereupon the Japanese Navy
commissioned the Izumo to ensure the safety of the trade
routes along the western coasts of America. Simultaneously
two other warships were despatched from Japan to join
Captain Moriyama's vessel for the purpose of engaging in the
warlike operations against any hostile vessel in those waters.
This has come to be known as ' The Division despatched to
America/ which consisted of the Izumo, Hizen, and Asama.
Subsequently Captain Moriyama was promoted to the rank
of Rear- Admiral, and was made the Commander-in-Chief of
this Division. The British warship the Newcastle (Captain
Frederick A. Powlett) and the Rainbow (Commander Walter
Hose), of the Canadian Navy, were also attached to the
command of Rear- Admiral Moriyama in those waters.

Events developed very favourably for the Japanese Navy,
and on October 15, 1914, one of the German warships, the
Gaiel, while entering Honolulu Harbour, Hawaii, escorting
some transport steamers, was discovered by a portion of
the Japanese Division which was cruising in that vicinity.
Thereupon the Japanese vessels put on speed to get outside
the harbour and kept a close watch on the German ships in
order to prevent their escape .On November 7, 1914, these
enemy vessels were at length interned by the American
authorities in Hawaii.

Later on the main body of the German Fleet appeared
off the coast of Chile, and it became fairly plain that nearly
all of the enemy vessels, which had thus far been scattered
on all seas, had succeeded in reuniting. This reunion of the
hostile ships constituted an entirely new phase of the opera-
tions of the Japanese Navy in the Pacific.

At this time the British Australian Squadron (Commander-

277

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

in-Chief Vice-Admiral Sir George E. Patey) happened to be
cruising along the western coast of America. The Mori-
yama Squadron acted in concert with this British force, both
bringing pressure to bear upon the German Fleet by cruising
down to the south. In taking this course they supplemented
the vigorous action of another British Squadron from a
different direction. The joint plan of operations was con-
tinued for some time, until at length on December 9, 1914,
a severe defeat was inflicted upon the German Fleet by the
British Squadron off the Falkland Islands, when the great
majority of the enemy ships were destroyed.

Apart from the Japanese Division already mentioned
despatched to the American coast the Japanese Navy sent a
further division consisting of the Tokiwa and Chitose under
Vice- Admiral Tochinai to those waters with a view to dealing
with the remnant of the German warships as well as to pro-
tecting the trade of Japan and other friendly countries. In
March 10, 1915, however, one of the hostile warships, the
62- Prince Eitel Friedrich,1 escaped into a United States port and
170 ] was there disarmed. Four days later another enemy warship,

2 [S the Dresden? was also successfully destroyed off Juan Fer-

pp ?7i-3 1 nandez, by some British men-of-war. Thus the operations
in these waters were brought- to a satisfactory close.

It is hoped that the foregoing summary of the operations
of the Japanese Fleet since the outbreak of the war will,
notwithstanding its brevity, suffice to give a tangible picture
of the work which it has done. The vast extent of the sphere
of activity allotted to our Fleet and the consequent enormous
length of the cruises, etc., in which it was engaged, have not
been dwelt upon. The map accompanying this article will
help the reader to realise the magnitude of the task ac-
complished. Nor does our space permit of any detailed
description of many a thrilling and interesting story of the
achievements of our Japanese sailors.

VI. — NAVAL CONSTRUCTION

The Times Special Japanese Number of 1910 contained an
article on ' Public Administration in Japan : The Imperial
Forces/ dealing with the progress and development of the
Japanese Navy, its organisation, its warships, crews, and ex-
278

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

penditure, and its relationship with the British Fleet. Con-
tinuing the description given in that article, we now propose
to furnish an outline of the developments of the Japanese
Imperial Navy during the past six years.

i. — Naval Stations and other Important Ports

(A) There are now five naval Districts instead of the four
which previously existed. The fifth is composed of Tsusima
Island, formerly part of the 3rd Naval District, and Chosen
(Korea). Its naval bases are Keishoh, Nandoh, Shohgengun,
and Chinkai in Korea.

(B) In the Chinkai naval port no Naval Station is estab-
lished for the time being, but it has been decided to establish
there a ' Yohkohbu ' or important Port Office, which has been
open since April ist, 1916.

(D) The Takesiki Naval Port Office was abolished on
October ist, 1912.

(E) As the result of the foregoing changes there are, under
the present system, four Naval Stations (' Chinjufu '), namely,
Yokoska, Kure, Sasebo, and Maizuru ; and four Important
Ports (Yohkohbu), viz., Makoh, Ohminato, Chinkai, and
Ryojun (Port Arthur).

(F) Consequently with regard to the supervision of the
Japanese Naval Districts the Sasebo Naval Station has been
given the supervision of three districts, namely, of the 5th,
the Kwantung, and its own Naval District, the Sasebo.

2. — Construction of Warships

(A) Parliament has approved of the expenditure on Naval
Reinforcement of 228,616,905 yen for the period between
April i, 1911, and March 31, 1919, in addition to 166,450,411
yen, the balance left on March 31, 1911. Therefore
395*067,316 yen is now at the disposal of the Japanese Navy
to be expended for a couple of years to come.

(B) The following warships have been added to the
Japanese Navy during the last six years, that is, since
1910 : —

279

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

4 Battleships : the Fuso, Yamasiro, Kawachi, and Settsu.
4 Battle cruisers : the Kongo, Hiyei, Kirisima, and

Hatana.

3 Second-class cruisers : the Chikuma, Hirado, and Yabuki.
2 Second-class coast-defence boats : the Wakamiya and

Komahasi.
2 Second-class gunboats : the Saga and Toba.

In addition to the foregoing fifteen new warships, there are
now under construction 2 battleships, the Ise and Hyuhga.

During the last six years the following warships have been
struck off the register : —

2 Battleships : the Sagami and Tango.

3 Second-class cruisers : the Sohya, Naniwa, and Taka-

chiho.

1 Third-class cruiser : the Izumi.

2 First-class coast-defence boats : the Iki and Chinyen.

3 Third-class coast-defence boats : the Hiyei (first of that

name), Takao, and Katsuragi.
i Second-class gunboat : the Akagi ; and

4 Despatch boats : the Anekawa, Suzuya, Yayeyama, and

Tatsuta.

Thus, deducting the 16 worships withdrawn from service,
the Japanese Navy has, during the period in question, added
one ship to its force, including the two under construction.

In addition, 15 destroyers have already been launched,
while 9 are under construction. Thus, altogether 24 new
destroyers are added to the Japanese Navy. When we
deduct, however, 12 old ones, which have been struck off the
register, we find that Japan has increased her destroyers by
12 during the last six years.

42 Torpedo-boats were withdrawn during the period in
question, no new ones being built thus far to replace them.

A certain number of submarines have been constructed
during the same period, the total now being 17.

VII— THE FLEET

The following table shows the present strength of the
Japanese Fleet, all the vessels, with two exceptions, being
built of steel : —
280

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

TOTAL NUMBER OF WARSHIPS IN APRIL 1916

Name.

Place of Construction.

Date of
Launching.

Displace-
ment.

Horse-
power.

BATTLESHIPS

Fuso

Kurd .

March 1914

30,600

4O,OOO

Yamasiro .

Yokoska

Nov. 1915

30,600

40,000

Kawachi

» • •

Oct. 1910

2O,8OO

25,OOO

Settsu

Kure .

March 1911

20,800

25,000

Aki .

April loo?

19,800

24,000

Satsuma

Yokoska

•VT ^ r

Nov. 1906

19.350

17,300

Kasima

England . .

March 1905

16,400

15,600

Katori

» • •

July 1905

15,950

16,000

Mikasa

a • •

Nov. 1900

I5>362

15,207

Asahi

>i • •

March 1899

14,765

15,207

Shikisima .

>i • •

Nov. 1898

14,580

14,700

Hizen

America

1900

12,700

16,000

BATTLE-CRUISERS

Kongo

England

May 1912

27,500

64,000

Hiyei

Yokoska

Nov. 1912

27,500

64,000

Kirisima .

Mitsubisi Dockyard

Dec. 1913

27,500

64,000

Hatana

Kawasaki Dockyard

Dec. 1913

27,500

64,000

Kurama

Yokoska

Oct. 1911

14,600

22,500

Ibuki

Kure .

Nov. 1911

14,600

24,000

Tsukuba

Dec. IQO^

I^,7<o

2O,5OO

j j
April 1906

+ji / j
13,750

2O,5OO

FIRST-CLAS

>s CRUISERS

<*J) / \J

Asama

England

March 1898

9,885

18,248

Tokiwa

a • •

July 1898

9,885

18,248

Izumo

>i • •

Sept. 1899

9,826

14,700

Iwate

a • •

March 1900

9,826

14,700

Yakumo

Germany

July 1899

9,735

15,500

Azuma

France

June 1899

9,426

16,600

Aso .

»» • •

1900

7,800

17,000

Kasuga

Italy .

Oct. 1902

7,7oo

14,696

Nisshin

»> • • •

Feb. 1903

7,700

14,696

SECOND-CLASS CRUISERS

Tsugaru

Russia

1899

6,630

11,600

Kasagi

America

Jan. 1898

5,503

17,235

Chitose

a • • •

Jan. 1898

4,992

15,714

Chikuma

Sasebo

April 1911

4,950

22,500

281

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Name.

Place of Construction.

Date of
Launching.

Displace-
ment.

Horse-
power.

SECOND-CLASS CRUISERS — continued

Hirado

Kawasaki Dockyard

June 1911

4,950

22,500

Yabuki .

Mitsubisi Dockyard

Oct. 1911

4,950

22,500

Tone .

Sasebo

Oct. 1907

4,100

15,000

Niitaka

Yokoska

Nov. 1902

3,420

9,400

Tsusima

Kure .

Dec. 1902

3,420

9,400

Otowa

Yokoska

Nov. 1903

. 3,000

IO,OOO

Akasi

>* • •

Nov. 1897

2,800

8,OOO

Suma

** • •

March 1895

2,700

8,500

FIRST-CLASS COAST-DEFENCE BOATS

Iwami

Russia

1902 *

I3,5i6

16,500

Suwoh

»» • •

1900

12,674

I4,50O

Fuji .

England

March 1896

12,649

13,678

SECOND-CLASS COAST-DEFENCE BOATS

Kanzaki

England

1896

10,500

2,300

Wakamiya .

.«» • •

1901

7,600

1,000

Minosima .
Itsukusima

Russia
France

1894
July 1889

4,960
4,278

6,000

5,400

Hasidate

Yokoska

March 1891

4,278

5,400

Okinosima .

Russia

1896

4,126

6,000

Manshu

Austria

1901

8,916

5,000

Akitsusima

Yokoska .

July 1892

3J72

8,516

Matsuye

Kinghorn

1898

2,550

1,500

Chiyoda

England

June 1890

2,439

5,678

Yamato

*Onohama

May 1885

1,502

1,622

Musasi

*Yokoska

March 1886

1,502

1,622

Komahasi .

Sasebo

May 1913

1,230

1,824

FIRST-CLASS GUNBOATS

Mogami

Mitsubisi Dockyard

March 1908

i,35o

8,000

Chihaya

Yokoska

May 1900

1,263

6,000

Yodo

Kawasaki Dockyard

Nov. 1907

1,250

6,500

SECOND-CLASS GUNBOATS

Saga .

Sasebo

Sept. 1912

785

1, 600

TT ''

Uji .

Kure .

March 1903

620

1,000

Toba .

Sasebo

Nov. 1911

250

1,400

Fusimi

England

Aug. 1906

180

800

Sumida

»> • •

Dec. 1903

126

680

Total .

65 ships

• •

628,321

1,047,371

* Wood with iron keel.

282

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

WARSHIPS NOW UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Names.

Classes.

Dockyards.

Materials.

Displace-
ment.

Horse-
power.

The Ise .

The Hyuhga

Total .

Battleship
»

Kawasaki
Mitsubisi

Steel

30,800
»

45,000

••

6l,6oo

90,000

Total Number.
60

DESTROYERS

Displacement.
27,666

Horse-Power.

444,375

DESTROYERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Names.

Classes.

Dockyards.

Materials.

Displace-
ment.

Horse-
power.

Amatsukaze

1st Class

Kure

Steel

1,227

27,000

Tokitsukaze

Kawasaki

Isokaze .

Kure

Hamakaze

Mitsubisi

Yekaze .

England

955

22,OOO

Momo

2nd Class

Sasebo

835

16,000

Yanagi

PJJ

Kasi

Maizuru

Hinoki

•«

Total .

••

9,203

I94,OOO

TORPEDO BOATS

Total Number. Displacement. Horse-power.

27 3,317 70,000

TOTAL NUMBER OF SUBMARINES

283

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NUMBER OF NAVAL OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ON

JANUARY i, 1916

Ranks.

Active
Service.

Reserve.

Special
Reserve.

Grand
Total.

Admirals and those who receive

treatment of Admirals

235

Captains, Lieuts., and those who

receive corresponding treatment

3,956

503

127

4,586

Special Commissioned Officers and

those receiving corresponding

treatment ....

1,642

271

329

2,242

Cadets

173

. .

173

Non-Commissioned Officers .

51,836

18,658

11,678

82,172

Total

57,706

19,524

12,178

89,408

LIST OF CIVIL OFFICIALS IN THE NAVY ON APRIL i, 1916

Ranks.

Number of Officials.

Ckokunin (i) ...

Sohnin (2) ...

Hannin (3) ...

Those receiving Hannin's treatment

Total number

116

879

1,069

S Officials appointed by the Emperor.
Names appointed by the Cabinet, and then submitted to the

Emperor for approval.
(3) Appointed by the heads of Public Departments.

284

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

VIII. — EXPENDITURE.
EXPENDITURE ON NAVY FROM APRIL i, 1909, TO MARCH 31, 1917

Naval Expenditure.

Year.

Ordinary Expenditure.

Special Expenditure.

Yen, Sen and Rin.

1909

35,143,415.86.6

35,902,959-24.I

1910

38,359,312.42.4

45,481,219.754

1911

40,208,251.47.8

60,255,366.29.9

1912

41,533,600.57.3

53,9s1, 538.60. 2

1913

38,885,701.72.4

57,559,890.040

1914

30,398,898.97.8

52,861,106.66.9

19*5

*42,346,i84.ooo

*53,576,637.ooo

1916

*46,496,i65.ooo

*55,747,76i.ooo

Year.

Total Naval
Expenditure.

Total National
Expenditure.

Ratio of Naval
Expenditure
as compared
to Total
National
Expenditure.

1909
1910
1911
1912

I9I3
19*4 -
1915
1916

Yen, Sen and Rin.
71,046,375.107

83,840,532.178
100,463,617777

95,485,i39-I75
96,445,591.764
83,260,005.647
*95,922,82i.ooo

*I02,243,926.000

Yen.
532,893,635
569,154,027

585,374,613
593,596,444

573,633,925
648,420,409

*66i,923,223

*6O2,262,972

Per cent.
13.33
14.73
17.21
16.09

16.81
12.84
14.49
16.99

* Budget estimates.

In concluding this survey we must call attention to one
fact, the importance of which constantly impresses itself upon
us, namely, the revised Anglo- Japanese Alliance, promul-
gated in July 1911. This revised Alliance has played, and is
still playing, a most important part in the respective positions
of the navies of the two island Empires. We are so firmly
convinced of the immense value of this renewed Alliance that
it calls for no explanation or discussion.

285

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

PROMOTIONS, APPOINTMENTS, HONOURS,
AND REWARDS

Admiralty, 26th February 1918.
Royal Naval Division

To be temporary Lieutenant-Colonel, R.M. : —
Commander Charles G. Collins, R.N.V.R. To date 4th

February 1915.

Lieutenant-Colonel H. C. Moorhouse, C.M.G., D.S.O. (late

Royal Artillery). Dated 2ist February 1915.

Admiralty, 2jth February 1915.
Royal Naval Reserve

In accordance with the provisions of His Majesty's Order
in Council of i6th December 1912, temporary Commissions in
the Royal Naval Reserve have been issued as follows : —

CAPTAINS

Charles Hope Robertson, C.M.G., M.V.O. (Vice-Admiral
retired).

William John Grogan (Rear- Admiral retired).
John Arthur Tuke (Rear- Admiral retired).

Lord Chamberlain's Office, St. James's Palace,

3rd March 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for
the following appointment to the Most Honourable Order of
the Bath, in recognition of the services of the under-mentioned
officer mentioned in the foregoing despatch.1

To be an Additional Member of the Military Division
of the Third Class or Companion

Captain Osmond de Beauvoir Brock, A.D.C., Royal Navy.

Admiralty, S.W., $rd March 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for
the following appointment to the Distinguished Service Order,
286

;] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross, to the
under-mentioned officers in recognition of their services men-
tioned in the foregoing despatch 1 : — i [See

To be Companion of the Distinguished Service Order p.?ai ] '

Lieutenant Frederic Thornton Peters, Royal Navy.

To receive the Distinguished Service Cross

Surgeon Probationer James Alexander Stirling, R.N.V.R.
Gunner (T) Joseph H. Burton.
Chief Carpenter Frederick E. Dailey.

The following promotion has been made : —

Commander Charles Andrew Fountaine to be a Captain
in His Majesty's Fleet, to date March 3, 1915.

The following awards have also been made : —
To receive the Distinguished Service Medal

P.O. J. W. Kemmett, O.N. 186788.

A.B. H. Davis, O.N. 184526.

A.B. H. F. Griffin, O.N. J. 14160.

A.B. P. S. Livingstone, O.N. 234328.

A.B. H. Robison, O.N. 209112.

A.B. G. H. le Seilleur, O.N. 156802.

Boy, ist CL, F. G. H. Bamford, O.N. J. 26598.

Boy, ist CL, J. F. Rogers, O.N. J. 28329. '

Ch. E.-R. Art., ist CL, E. R. Hughes, O.N. 268999.

Ch. E.-R. Art., 2nd. CL, W. B. Dand, O.N. 270648.

Ch. E.-R. Art. W. Gillespie, O.N. 270080.

Mechn. A. J. Cannon, O.N. 175440.

Mechn. E. C. Ephgrave, O.N. 288231.

Ch. Stkr. P. Callaghan, O.N. 278953.

Ch. Stkr. A. W. Ferris, O.N. 175824.

Ch. Stkr. J. E. James, O.N. 174232.

Ch. Stkr. W. E. James, O.N. 294406.

Ch. Stkr. J. Keating, R.F.R., O.N. 165732.

Stkr. P.O. M. Flood, R.F.R., O.N. 153418.

Stkr. P.O. T. W. Hardy, O.N. 292542.

Stkr. P.O. A. J. Sims, O.N. 276502.

Stkr. P.O. S. Westaway, R.F.R., O.N. 300938.

Actg. Ldg. Stkr. J. Blackburn, O.N., K. 4844.

Stkr., ist CL, A. H. Bennet, O.N. K. 10700.

287

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Stkr., 2nd Cl., H. Turner, O.N. K. 22720.

Ldg. Carpenter's Crew, E. O. Bradley, O.N. 346621.

Ldg. Carpenter's Crew, E. Currie, O.N. 344851.

Sick Berth Attendant C. S. Hutchinson, O.N. M. 3882.

Ch. Writer S. G. White, O.N. 340597.

Third Writer H. C. Green, O.N. M. 8266.

Officers' Steward, 3rd CL, F. W. Kearley, O.N. L. 2716.

Lord Chamberlain's Office, St. James's Palace, S.W.,

yd March 1915.

L.G., The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for

March 3, the following appointment to the Most Honourable Order of
I9I5- the Bath in recognition of the services of the under-mentioned

Officer mentioned in the foregoing despatch :—

To be an Additional Member of the Military Division
of the Third Class or Companion

Captain John Luce, Royal Navy.

Admiralty, S.W., $rd March 1915.

ibid. The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for

the award of the Distinguished Service Cross to the under-
mentioned officers in recognition of their services mentioned
in the foregoing despatch : — •

Carpenter Thomas Andrew Walls.
Carpenter William Henry Venning.
Carpenter George Henry Egford.

The following awards have also been made : —

To receive the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal

Portsmouth R.F.R.B. 3307 Sergeant Charles Mayes, H.M.S.
Kent. A shell burst and ignited some cordite charges in the
casemate ; a flash of flame went down the hoist into the
ammunition passage. Sergeant Mayes picked up a charge of
cordite and threw it away. He then got hold of a fire hose
and flooded the compartment, extinguishing the fire in some
empty shell bags which were burning. The extinction of this
fire saved a disaster which might have led to the loss of
the ship.
288

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

To receive the Distinguished Service Medal

Chief Petty Officer David Leighton, O.N. 124238.

Petty Officer, 2nd Class, Matthew J. Walton (R.F.R., A.

1756), O.N. 118358.
Leading Seaman Frederick Sidney Martin, O.N. 233301,

Gunner's Mate, Gunlayer, ist Class.
Signalman Frank Glover, O.N. 225731.
Chief Engine-Room Artificer, 2nd Class, John George Hill,

O.N. 269646.
Acting Chief Engine-Room Artificer, 2nd Class, Robert

Snowdon, O.N. 270654.
Engine-Room Artificer, ist Class, George Henry Francis

McCarton, O.N. 270023.

Stoker Petty Officer George S. Brewer, O.N. 150950.
Stoker Petty Officer William Alfred Townsend, O.N.

301650.

Stoker, ist Class, John Smith, O.N. SS 111915.
Shipwright, ist Class, Albert N. E. England, O.N. 341971.
Shipwright, 2nd Class, Albert C. H. Dymott, O.N. M. 8047.

Admiralty, $th March 1915.

In accordance with the provisions of Order in Council of L.G.,
22nd February 1870— March 9,

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Gerard Henry Uctred Noel,
G.C.B., K.C.M.G., has this day been placed on the
Retired List.

In pursuance of His Majesty's pleasure the following pro-
motion has been made : —

Admiral The Honourable Sir Hedworth Meux, G.C.B.,

K.C.V.O., to be Admiral of the Fleet in His Majesty's

Fleet. Dated 5th March 1915.

Consequent thereon the following promotions have been
made from the same date : —

Vice-Admiral Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe, G.C.B.,
K.C.V.O., at present holding the temporary rank of
Acting Admiral, to be Admiral in His Majesty's Fleet,
but to retain seniority as Admiral of 4th August, 1914,
while holding his present command.

Rear-Admiral Herbert Goodenough King-Hall, C.V.O.,
C.B., D.S.O., to be Vice- Admiral in His Majesty's Fleet.

NAVAL 4 T 289

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Captain Osmond de Beauvoir Brock, C.B., A.D.C., to be

Rear- Admiral in His Majesty's Fleet.
Consequent on the above the following promotions on the
Retired List take place from the same date : —

Vice -Admiral Robert Stevenson Dalton Cuming to be

Admiral.
Rear-Admiral Charles Holcombe Dare, M.V.O., to be Vice-

'Admiral.
Rear-Admiral Edward George Shortland to be Vice-

Admiral.

Royal Naval Reserve

In accordance with the provisions of His Majesty's Order
in Council of igth December 1912, a temporary commission
has been issued as follows : —

Captain. William De Salis, M.V.O. (Rear-Admiral, retired).

CENTRAL CHANCERY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD

Lord Chamberlain s Office, St. James's Palace, S.W.,

loth March 1915.

L G., The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for

March 12, the following appointment to the Most Honourable Order of
I9I5- the Bath, in recognition of the meritorious services of the

under-mentioned officer during the war : —

To be an Additional Member of the Military Division
of the Third Class or Companion

Captain John Derwent Allen, R.N. (H.M.S. Kent).

Admiralty, i$th March 1915.

L.G., Captain Douglas Romilly Lothian Nicholson has been

March 16, appointed a Naval Aide-de-Camp to His Majesty the

King, in place of Captain Cecil Frederick Dampier,
. promoted to Flag rank. Dated i8th February 1915.
Captain George Price Webley Hope has been appointed a
Naval Aide-de-Camp to His Majesty the King, in place
of Captain Osmond de Beauvoir Brock, promoted to
Flag rank. Dated 5th March 1915.

290

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Admiralty, i6th March 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to award the Dis- L.G.,
tinguished Service Cross to the under-mentioned officer : — March 19,
Lieutenant Denys Charles Gerald Shoppee, Royal Navy, I9I5-
for gallant and distinguished service in the field.

Royal Naval Reserve

In accordance with the provisions of His Majesty's Order L.G.,
in Council of i6th December 1912, a temporary Commission March 23,
in the Royal Naval Reserve has been issued as follows : — I9I5-

CAPTAIN
Francis George Kirby (Admiral, retired).

Royal Naval Reserve

Admiralty, 2$rd March 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to confer the Royal L.G.,
Naval Reserve Officers' Decoration upon the following March 26,
officers :—

Lieutenant-Commander Edward James McBarnet.

Lieutenant-Commander Frank Morgan Main.

Senior Engineer Alfred Daniel Varian.

Engineer William Thomas Tucker.

PRIZE COURTS

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED AT SEA
BY His MAJESTY'S ARMED FORCES

(In continuation of previous notification published in the L.G.,
London Gazette of February 12, 1915. x) March 2,

List of Vessels 1 [See

Naval 3,
Name and Tonnage. Nationality. Where Detained. p. 469.]

Madang (194) . German . . . Simpsonhafen.

Meklong (438) . German . . . Simpsonhafen.

Nusa (yacht) . . German . . . Simpsonhafen.

Sumatra (584) . German . . . Simpsonhafen*

291

L.G.,

March 2

L.G.,
March 16,

L.G.,
March 23,

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SHIPS WHOSE CARGOES OR PART OF THEM

HAVE BEEN DETAINED

(In continuation of previous notification published in the
London Gazette of February 12, 1915-)

List of Vessels

Nationality.
British . .
Netherland
British . .
Belgian
United States

Name of Vessel.
Amazon
Boeroe
Euterpe
Gothland .
Wilhelmina

Cargo Detained at
Liverpool.
London.
Bristol.
Southampton.
Falmouth.

Foreign Office, March 15, 1915.

SHIPS WHOSE CARGOES, OR PART OF THEM,
HAVE BEEN DETAINED

(In continuation of previous notification published in the
London Gazette of March 2, 1915.)

List of Vessels

Nationality.
United Slates
British

Name of Vessel.
Antilla

Cretic ....
Eleutheros K. Veni-

zelos
Taurus
Wearbridge

Cargo Detained at
Dundee.
Gibraltar.

Greek .

Norwegian

British

Gibraltar.

Dundee.

Gibraltar.

Foreign Office, March 15, 1915.

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED BY THE
RUSSIAN NAVAL AUTHORITIES

With reference to the notification which appeared in the
London Gazette of September 22nd last (see Naval i, p. 291)
respecting vessels detained or captured by the Russian Naval
Authorities, a further list of such vessels, which has been
furnished by the Russian Government to His Majesty's
Ambassador at Petrograd, is appended hereto.

Foreign Office, March 20, 1915.
292

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Name.
Alexandra
Aristea

Erndte (s.v.) .
Genius- (s.v.) .
Greif .

Harald . . .
Helsingborg .
Ilmenau .
A. W. Kafeman .
Louisa Leonhardt .
Maria (s.v.) .
Marienberg
Martha
Prussia
Vandkharm
Wandrahm

List of Vessels

(s.v. Sailing Vessel

Nationality.
German
Austrian .
German
German
German . .
German
German
German
German .
German .
German .
German ...
German .
German . . " .
German
German

Where Detained.
Nicolaistad.
Petrograd.
Kotka.
Kotka.
Port Loksa
Kronstadt.
Kronstadt.
Jacobstad.
Kronstadt.
Kronstadt.
Kotka.
Kronstadt.
Kronstadt.
Kronstadt.
Kronstadt.
Helsingfors.

SHIPS WHOSE CARGOES, OR PART OF THEM,
HAVE BEEN DETAINED

(In continuation of previous notification published in the L.G.,
London Gazette of March 16, 1915.) March 30,

Name of Vessel.
Arabia
Fabian
Forsvik
Frogner
Grekland .
Jeanne

Karla . . .
Korsfjord .
Vera

List of Vessels

Nationality.
British . . ,
British . . ,
Swedish
Norwegian
Swedish
Danish
Swedish .
Norwegian
Danish

Cargo Detained at
London.
Liverpool.
Fleetwood.
Newcastle.
Middlesbrough.
Ardrossan.
The Downs.
Grimsby.
Ardrossan.

293

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY—NAVAL

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED AT SEA
BY His MAJESTY'S ARMED FORCES

L.G., (In continuation of previous notification published in the

March 30, London Gazette of March 16, 1915.)

List of Vessels

Name and Tonnage. Nationality. Where Detained.

Bangor (5133) . Norwegian . . Falkland Islands.

Maracas (2926) . United States . Hall.

Foreign Office, March 29, 1915.

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED BY THE
FRENCH NAVAL AUTHORITIES

Foreign Office, March 25, 1915.

ibid. With reference to the last paragraph of the notification

which appeared in the London Gazette of September 2gth
last (see Naval i, p. 291), His Majesty's Government have now
received information to the effect that the French Prize
Court has been removed from Bordeaux to Paris, and that
all applications to the Court should in future be addressed
to the ' Conseil des Prises/ Palais Royal, Paris.

ADMIRALTY MONTHLY ORDERS

Admiralty, S.W., ist April 1915.
148. — Pigeons Caught at Sea — Rewards for bringing in

Senior Naval Officers at Ports where naval pigeon service
is established are authorised to pay at their discretion rewards
not exceeding £i in any one case, to private vessels bringing
in carrier pigeons, either enemy owned or belonging to the
naval pigeon service.

Senior Naval Officers should satisfy themselves that the
birds brought in are bona fide captures at sea.

150. — Lieutenant-Commanders, Supplementary List — Pay of

It has been decided to grant full pay at the rate of i6s. a
day (in addition to Messing Allowance of 2s. a day) to Lieu-
294

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

tenant-Commanders on the Supplementary List who were
entered under the provisions of Orders in Council of zgth June
1895 and gth August 1898, on attaining six years' seniority
in that rank.

This increase will take effect from the ist January 1915.

151 — Lieutenant (E) — Appointment and Qualification
as During the War

In view of the suspension during the war of the usual
courses for Officers specialising in Engineering, the following
arrangements have been approved.

Those Officers who had completed half the course at the
Royal Naval College, Greenwich, at the commencement of
the war, will be required to complete six months' Engine-
Room duty.

Other Officers who are volunteers to specialise in Engineer-
ing, and are appointed for Engine-Room duty, will be required
to complete nine months' such duty.

At the expiration of the above periods they must be
recommended by the Commanding Officers of the ships in
which they are serving, and this recommendation must be
accompanied by a certificate from the Engineer Officer of
the ship to the effect that they are considered fit to perform
the duty of a Lieutenant (E). They will then be eligible to
receive the authorised allowances for the performance of
Engineering duties.

On the conclusion of the war these Officers will be required
to undergo such courses of instruction as may be considered
necessary.

152. — Temporary Chaplains — Messing Allowance

Messing Allowance of 2s. a day is to be paid to Chaplains,
R.N., entered for temporary service during the war as from
the dates on which they commenced duty.

153. — Reserve of Medical Officers — Equipment Allowance

Officers belonging to the Reserve of Medical Officers under
Order in Council of nth August 1903, are to be paid an
Equipment Allowance of £20 on being called out for service.

295

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [M

156. — Acting and Temporary Officers, R.N.R. — Relative Rank
Acting and Temporary Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve
are to rank among themselves according to the respective
dates of their seniority.

157. — Skippers, R.N.R. — Allowances when Embarked
in Torpedo Craft

Skippers, Royal Naval Reserve, who mess with other
Officers in a Destroyer or Torpedo Boat are to be treated as
Warrant Officers, R.N.

Under this arrangement victualling allowance at lod. a
day should be paid to the mess, and the Skippers should
be paid Grog Money and is. 6d. a day difference of mess
subscription, instead of the special victualling allowance of
is. 5d. a day payable to them at other times.

Hard-lying Money is not payable.

158.— Skippers, R.N.R.— Clothing

Skippers, R.N.R. (Trawler Section), may wear Overcoats
of the pattern worn by Chief Petty Officers, R.N., the Over-
coats required for this purpose being taken up from Navy
Stocks on payment of the Service Issuing Price of £i, 55. lod.

159. — Surgeons, R.N.V.R. — Promotion to Staff Surgeon

Surgeons, R.N.V.R., will be considered qualified for pro-
motion to the rank of Staff Surgeon, R.N.V.R., on completing
six months' active service, provided they have attained eight
years' seniority in lieu of the courses which they are required
to undergo in time of peace.

160. — Surgeon-Probationers, R.N.V.R. — Examination Leave

Leave for Surgeon-Probationers to attend examinations is
limited to three weeks. If a longer period is required, resigna-
tion will be necessary. No reliefs can be sent during leave.

I66.—R.F.R. and R.N.R.— War Retainer
In the cases of Royal Fleet Reservists and Royal Naval
Reservists sentenced to imprisonment, detention, cells, etc.,
credit of War Retainer is to be continued, provided the men
return to the Service at the expiration of their punishment.

In the case of men recovered from desertion whose services
296

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

it is decided to retain, credit of War Retainer should be
resumed immediately the man is recovered, i.e., during any
period he is awaiting trial, undergoing punishment, etc.,
notwithstanding the fact that during such period pay is
withheld.

The above decisions do not apply to men who are ordered
to be discharged at the expiration of their sentences, the cases
of such men being governed by M.O. 141/1914.

Credit of War Retainer is also to be continued until
discharge in the case of men whose pay ceases on their being
marked D.S.Q.

167. — R.N.R. and R.N.V.R. — Payment for Non-substantive

Ratings

R.N.R. and R.N.V.R. ratings who undergo the pre-
scribed courses (where applicable) may be granted the ratings
and pay for which they qualify or have qualified in the
following cases : —

Gunnery ratings.

Torpedo ratings.

Artificer Diver.

Diver.

Engineer Yeoman of Stores.

Engineer's Writer.

Ordinary Seamen, R.N.V.R., are not to be put through
courses for which Ordinary Seamen, R.N., are not eligible.

169. — Kit — Additional for Trawler Section

Commanding Officers of Parent ships of Trawlers are to
demand from the local Contractors the additional articles of
clothing which have been approved for issue and which cannot
be obtained from the ship's stock. The local Registrar,
R.N.R., at the various Mobilising Ports will furnish the name
of the Contractor. When the men's kits have been com-
pleted up to the new standard, a notation should be made
in the man's T.R.V. 2.

170. — R.N.R. (Trawler Section) — Local Enrolment to fill

Vacancies

Authority is given for the enrolment of ranks and ratings
in R.N.R. (Trawler Section) at all ports where Trawlers or

297

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Drifters are stationed in addition to those Mobilising Ports
where the vessels are taken up, and where there is already a
Mobilising Officer.

In carrying out these enrolments the following conditions
are to be observed.

The examining Officer is to be a Gommissioned Officer of
the Royal Navy in conjunction with the local Registrar,
R.N.R.

Skippers must not be provisionally enrolled, but must
wait until the applications for their appointment have reached
the A.C.R. (through Registrar-General of Shipping and Sea-
men) and a reply has been received that their names have
been submitted to the Board.

Qualifications for Skippers, Second Hands, and Engine-
men, must be strictly in accordance with the Regulations,
except as regards Articles 4, 73, and 74, Trawler Reserve
Regulations, and the addition of ' or Steam Drifter ' where
Steam Trawler is mentioned.

In the case of Deck Hands and Trimmers, the Naval
Officer and Registrar are to certify that the man is suitable
for the proposed rating.

Medical examination is to be carried out by the Medical
Officer of the unit for whicruthe man is being enrolled, or, if
there is none, by the local Surgeon and Agent.

It is to be made perfectly clear to all applicants that
enrolment is for duration of war.

Enrolments are only to be made to fill vacancies caused
by men being discharged from R.N.R., or being removed
permanently from the unit, and not to fill temporary vacancies
caused by men being sent to detention quarters or hospital,
when they will return in due course.

Enrolments at other than Mobilising Ports should be
reported to the parent ship of the Trawler or Drifter con-
cerned.

No persons other than of proved British nationality are
to be enrolled ; naturalised aliens are not to be enrolled.

Where there is no local contractor for supplying uniforms
in the vicinity, it will be necessary for the kitting up to be
undertaken by the parent ship of Trawler or Drifter in which
the rating is required.

With the exceptions mentioned, procedure of enrolment
298

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

is to be carried out strictly in accordance with the enrolment
forms, of which copies (amended to suit present circum-
stances) have been supplied to local Registrars.

171. — Signal Boys, R.N.R. — Drafting of

Signal Boys, R.N.R., will nominally be drafted only to
Armed Yachts.

In very exceptional circumstances the Commanders-in-
Chief, Three Home Ports, or the Admiralty will authorise
their serving in Trawlers commanded by R.N. or R.N.R.
Officers.

The Commanding Officers of vessels in which Signal Boys,
R.N.R., are borne, are expected to exercise a special super-
vision over their training and moral character.

172. — R.N. Auxiliary S.B. Reserve — Promotion to
Senior Reserve Attendan

All Junior Reserve Attendants on Active Service at the
date of this Order are to be considered eligible for promotion
to the rating of Senior Reserve Attendant provided they are
in possession of the Advanced First Aid and Nursing Certifi-
cate or hold the Medallion of the St. John Ambulance Asso-
ciation with the Nursing Certificate of that body.

In addition, they must be reported upon as efficient by
the Medical Officer under whom they are serving.

The names of all Junior ratings recommended for pro-
motion are to be forwarded to the Medical Director-General
for approval prior to advancement by their Commanding
Officers.

173. — Wages of Mercantile Crews — Calculation of
(Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries)

As some diversity of practice exists in the above matter,
in regard to Officers and men engaged at monthly rates of
pay, it is notified that the following procedure should be
followed, as from the commencement of the current Ledger : —

The rate per month should be credited for each clear
month, i.e. ' January/ ' February/ ' March/

Broken periods should be reckoned as one-thirtieth of a
month's pay for each day of the period — vide the Instruc-
tions to Accountant Officers of Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries.

299

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Example. — A man employed from the 3ist January to
the loth March at £7, los. a month should be paid £10, 55.,
arrived at as follows : —

£ s. d.

31 January, at ^ of £7, los. . . .050
1-28 February, at £7, los. a month . 7 10 o

i-io March, at J§ of £7, los. . . . 2 10 o

£10 5 o

175.- — Allowance for Charge of Stores in Trawlers

An allowance of 3d. a day may be granted to the rating
(preferably a C.P.O. or P.O.) in charge of Stores on each
trawler carrying an establishment of naval stores as from
the date on which such duties commenced. This allowance
is intended as remuneration for the responsibility of seeing
that the stores are properly issued and expended without
waste, and is to be withheld if these conditions are not
fulfilled.

176. — Store Allowances in Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries

Store Allowances are to. be paid to Warrant or Petty
Officers as follows in the Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries speci-
fied :—

Armed Merchant Cruisers. — On the scales laid down in
Appendices VII. and XV., King's Regulations, for seagoing
ships in commission.

Ammunition Ships. — is. a day for charge of Ordnance
stores. No allowance is payable for other stores.

Squadron Supply Ships. — is. 6d. a day for charge of all
stores.

Flotilla Supply Ships. — is. a day for charge of all stores.

Store Carriers. — is. a day for charge of all stores.

In Armed Merchant Cruisers, the allowances are to be
credited on ledger.

In the other cases, payment of the amount due will be
made by the Accountant-General when the accounts have
been examined and passed at the Admiralty. The payment
of any Store allowance which is already being made in these
vessels should be suspended as from ist January last, and
300

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the amount so paid will be included in the subsequent adjust-
ment at the Admiralty.

178. — Basis of Payment for Religious Ministrations

At ports at which ships are more or less permanently
stationed, Officiating Ministers, other than those who are in
receipt of fixed annual allowances, are to be paid, for the
half-year ended the 3ist December last, one-half the amount
paid to them during the previous twelve months.

Thereafter, and for the period of the war, the capitation
basis is to be reverted to, payments being based on the
numbers of men actually present at divine services, instead
of, as hitherto, on the numbers present in port.

In view of the fact that this method of reckoning will
cause a reduction in the amount of remuneration of the
ministers concerned, these fees are in all such cases to be
increased in amount by 25 per cent.

180. — Railway Warrants — Authorised Forms to be used

A number of cases have recently occurred in which railway
warrants have been issued on unauthorised forms. This
course has led to difficulties with the Railway Companies,
and care is accordingly to be taken that only the authorised
forms of warrant are used, except in cases of special emergency,
when it may not have been possible to obtain supplies of
the proper forms.

181. — Navy Separation Allowance — Increase of Rates for

Children

The weekly rates of Navy Separation Allowance for
children have been increased from 2s. to 45. for the first
child, from 2s. to 33. for the second, and from is. to 2s. for
the third. The rate for the fourth and any subsequent
children will continue to be, as at present, is. a week. For
motherless children the rate has been increased from 33. to
55. each.

These increases will take effect from ist March, but the
additional sum due from that date will be included with the
first payment for next quarter, which will be made on the
8th April. As the books of postal drafts on which payment
is made for the present quarter are already in the hands of

301

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the postmasters, it is not possible to recall them all and
alter the amounts payable, but the full amount due will be
paid in all cases on the 8th April without any application
from the persons concerned.

The payment on the 8th April will also for the first time
include a weekly instalment of the man's allotment, which
will cease to be paid monthly after the payment due on the
3ist of this month.

Detailed instructions for giving effect to the change from
monthly to weekly payment of allotments will be issued at
an early date.

183. — Funeral Arrangements in Cases of Doubtful Identity

In cases where bodies washed ashore are presumed to be
from one of H.M. Ships, the funeral arrangements should
always be made by the Naval Authorities.

184. — Railway Warrants for Seamen in Cases of
Sickness, etc., at Home

Free Railway Warrants may be issued to seamen (but not
to Officers) during the war to enable them to visit their
homes in the case of the serious illness or death of a near
relative, upon condition that the concession is restricted to
cases of grave and urgent illness or death of a parent, wife,
or child, and that the genuineness of each case will be duly
certified by a medical attendant.

185. — Leave in lieu of Christmas Leave — Free Railway

Warrants

Free return railway warrants may be issued on one
occasion only to Officers and men of ships permanently
stationed in remote harbours and anchorages who were not
able during the Christmas season, owing to the exigencies of
the Service, to be granted Christmas leave. This concession
applies only to Officers and men who have been continuously
employed in such ships since a date prior to Christmas 1914.

186. — Income Tax

A declaration of income for 1914-15 is required from each
Officer on the Emergency List or holding a permanent or
temporary commission in the R.N.R. or R.N.V.R., or a
302

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

temporary commission in the Royal Navy or Royal Marines.
Every Officer who has not already furnished a declaration,
either to a local Surveyor of Taxes or on the customary
Naval form headed ' Income Tax claim, 1914/15, ' should
now make a full return of his income on the form ordinarily
used by Naval Officers. In these cases tax should be charged
in conformity with the particulars shown on the declaration.

Officers who have already sent a declaration to a local
Surveyor are to complete the special blue form for R.N.R.
and R.N.V.R. Officers recently issued. This form is to be
forwarded through the Accountant-General of the Navy to
the Inland Revenue authorities, who will decide as to the
correct assessment. Pending their decision Officers are to
be assessed provisionally from date of entry as though their
incomes consisted solely of Naval emoluments, i.e., an Officer
whose Naval taxable emoluments are less than £160 a year
is not to be taxed, while an Officer whose Naval taxable
emoluments are between £160 and £400 a year is to be
allowed abatement at the rate of £160 a year, and taxed at
the lowest rate on the balance, and so on.

These arrangements do not apply to Retired Officers,
R.N., who have been called out, and regarding whom instruc-
tions as to the tax chargeable have already been notified by
the Accountant-General.

187. — Ship's Fund

The following instructions are to be observed in those
Ships whose Ship's fund, under Port General Orders or
authority issued direct from the Admiralty, has been deposited'
in a Bank on Shore or taken on charge as Public Cash : —

(1) The Accountant-General is to be informed at the
earliest opportunity of all sums so deposited or taken on
charge, and of all subsequent additions or withdrawals, the
resultant balance as well as the amount of the variation
being stated in each case.

(2) The Accountant-General is also to be furnished with
definite information as to the wishes of the Ship's Company
with regard to the disposal of the balance of the fund in the
event of a casualty resulting in the loss or dispersal of the
crew. In all cases of deposit with a Bank the Bank Manager
is also to be furnished with this information (the communica-

303

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

tion to him being identical in substance with that made to
the Accountant-General), or if preferred he may be directed
to apply to the Accountant-General for instructions. In
either case the directions to the Bank on this point should
be signed by the Officer authorised to operate on the banking
account. A copy of the communication to the Bank should
be forwarded to the Accountant-General.

(3) It would not be practicable for the Accountant-General
or the Bank authorities to investigate the circumstances of
the relatives or friends of men lost or to distinguish between
dependent or other relatives and friends. Neither can it be
anticipated that it would be practicable for the fund to be
administered by a committee of survivors. In all cases
therefore where it is the intention that in the event of casualty
the balance of the fund should be used for benevolent pur-
poses, it is necessary that the instructions as to the disposal
of the balance in that event should provide for its being
handed over to a Naval or other charity for administration ;
and if any conditions are imposed, that it should be ascer-
tained that such conditions would be accepted and acted
on by the charity selected. A copy of any correspondence
relating to such conditions should be forwarded to the
Accountant-General. The observance of these arrangements
will be a condition of the relaxation of Article 856, Clause 4,
of the King's Regulations.

(4) The equal distribution of the money among the next-
of-kin of men lost is not to be allowed in view of the difficulty
of distributing the comparatively small amounts payable to
each person in the circumstances under consideration, and of
the probable existence of necessitous cases to the relief of
which the sum available might more advantageously be
devoted.

(5) Fresh reports in accordance with the foregoing para-
graphs are to be forwarded to the Accountant-General, and,
if necessary, to the Bank having charge of the Ship's Fund,
by all the Ships affected. It will not be sufficient to provide
merely for the possible eventuality of ' the total loss of the
Ship ' or ' the loss of the Ship ' or ' anything happening to
the Ship/ etc., as has been done in some cases. Precise
instructions are required which can be acted on when the
fund can no longer be controlled by the Ship's company.
304

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Care should be taken to give the correct official designation
and full address of any Charity named.

188. — Prisoners of War — Messing Allowances

When Foreign Naval Officers are accommodated as
prisoners of war in H.M. Ships, a Messing Allowance to the
Messes concerned may be paid at the rate of 75. 6d., 55.,
and 33. a day in the cases of Officers of Ward Room, Gun
Room, and Warrant rank respectively.

In the case of Officers of a Foreign Merchant Service
embarked as prisoners of war, an allowance of 53. a day may
be paid for each Officer messed from the Ward Room and 33.
a day for each Officer supplied with food from the Gun Room
or Warrant Officers' Mess.

195. — Recommendations for Advancement and Special
Advancement

In order that full information as to suitable men may be
available when advancements are being made from time to
time to complete the numbers required, Commanding Officers
of H.M. Ships and establishments are to forward on the ist of
each month to the Rear-Admirals of the respective Depots a
return showing the names of qualified men in the Seaman,
Signal, Telegraphist, and Engine-Room Branches considered
deserving of special advancement (a) to Petty Officer and
(b) to Leading rate.

This return should be additional to the ordinary return of
ratings recommended for advancement on Form S. 507.

During the period of hostilities Form S. 507 is to be
rendered quarterly.

198. — R.N.R. Regulations (Officers)

The following amendments to the R.N.R. Regulations
(Officers) have been approved, and will be included in the
Addenda in due course : —

Article 29.
******

4. At the subsequent embarkations for training, or when
called out by Royal Proclamation, the Warrant Engineer will
be paid by the Registrar an upkeep allowance at the rate of

NAVAL 4 U 305

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

35. 4d. a month (up to a maximum of £10) since last embarked,
subject to the conditions specified in clause 3.

In calculating this allowance 33. 4d. is to be credited for
the month in which the previous embarkation commenced,
and 33. 4d. for each succeeding calendar month, but no credit
is to be made for the month in which the present embarkation
commenced.

Note. — In the cases of officers who have already received
the gratuity of £10 prior to the new regulations coming into
force, the first payment of the upkeep allowance is to be
calculated from the date on which they last received the
gratuity of £10,

199. — R.N.R. Regulations (Trawler Section).

The following amendments to the R.N.R. Regulations
(Trawler Section) have been approved, and will be included
in the Addenda in due course :—

Article 26.

A Clothing Gratuity at the rate of 2s. a month since last
embarked will be paid to the Skipper on his appearing for
biennial training, or when called out by Royal Proclamation,
as an aid to him to maintain his uniform.

* * * - * * *

Article 121.

The Clothing Allowance is to be credited at these rates
on the second or subsequent embarkations for training, or
when called out by Royal Proclamation, to those men who
produce their kits complete, properly marked, and in good
order. In the case of men whose kits are incomplete, they
are to be credited with a proportion only of the gratuity as
follows : —

* If the value of the articles required to complete the
kit—

(a) does not exceed 2s. 6d. Full allowance to be paid.

(b) does not exceed £i in Two-thirds allowance to be

the case of Second paid.
Hands and Engine-
men, and i os. in the
case of Deck Hands
and Trimmers.
306

)i5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(c) exceeds £i in the case One-third allowance to be
of Second Hands and paid.
Enginemen, and los.
in the case of Second
Hands and Trimmers.

In calculating these allowances, yd. in the case of Second
Hands or Enginemen, and 3d. in the case of Deck Hands or
Trimmers, to be credited for the month in which the previous
embarkation commenced, and a similar sum for each succeed-
ing calendar month, but no credit is to be made for the
month in which the present embarkation commenced.

* Note. — This regulation is suspended at present by M.O.
I35/I9I4 [see Naval i, p. 310], which allows full payment of
upkeep gratuity.

307

APRIL 1915

SUBMARINE PRISONERS

The Foreign Office issued last night the following Notes :

I. — THE GERMAN NOTE

The American Ambassador presents his compliments to
His Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has
the honour, under instructions from the Secretary of State
at Washington, to transmit, hereto annexed, the text of a
telegram, dated March I7th, which Mr. Bryan has received
from the German Foreign Office through the Embassy at
Berlin :

' According to notices appearing in the British Press, the
British Admiralty is said to have made known its intention
not to accord to officers and crews of German submarines
who have become prisoners the treatment due to them as
prisoners of war, especially not to concede to the officers the
advantage of their rank.

' The German Government is of the opinion that these
reports are not correct, as the crews of the submarines acted
in the execution of orders given to them, and in doing this
have solely fulfilled their military duties. At any rate, the
reports in question have become so numerous in the neutral
Press that an immediate explanation of the true facts appears
to be of most urgent importance, if for no other reasons than
consideration of public opinion in Germany.

' The Imperial Foreign Office therefore requests the American
Embassy to have inquiry of the British Government made by
telegraph, through the medium of the American Embassy
at London, as to whether and in what way they intend to
treat officers and crews of German submarine boats who have
been made prisoners in any respect worse than other prisoners
of war. Should this prove to be the case, the request is added
308

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

that in the name of the German Government sharpest protest
be lodged with the British Government against such proceed-
ings, and that no doubt be left that for each member of the
crew of a submarine made prisoner a British Army officer held
prisoner of war in Germany will receive corresponding harsher
treatment. The Imperial Foreign Office would be grateful
for information at the earliest convenience regarding the
result of the steps taken/

American Embassy, London, March 20, 1915.

II. — THE BRITISH REPLY

The Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs presents his
compliments to the United States Ambassador, and with
reference to his Excellency's Note of the 2oth ultimo respecting
reports in the Press upon the treatment of prisoners from
German submarines, has the honour to state that he learns
from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty that the
officers and men who were rescued from the German sub-
marines U 8 and U 12 have been placed in the Naval Detention
Barracks in view of the necessity of their segregation from
other prisoners of war. In these quarters they are treated
with humanity, given opportunities for exercise, provided
with German books, subjected to no forced labour, and are
better fed and clothed than British prisoners of equal rank
now in Germany.

As, however, the crews of the two German submarines in
question, before they were rescued from the sea, were engaged
in sinking innocent British and neutral merchant ships and
wantonly killing non-combatants, they cannot be regarded as
honourable opponents, but rather as persons who at the orders
of their Government have committed acts which are offences
against the law of nations and contrary to common humanity.

His Majesty's Government would also bring to the notice
of the United States Government that during the present war
more than 1000 officers and men of the German Navy have
been rescued from the sea, sometimes in spite of danger to
the rescuers, and sometimes to the prejudice of British naval
operations. No case has, however, occurred of any officer or
man of the Royal Navy being rescued by the Germans.

Foreign Office, April i, 1915.

3°9

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Amsterdam, April 13.

A Berlin telegram, quoting the North-German Gazette,
states that the German Foreign Office sent the following Note
to the American Ambassador on the nth inst. : —

' The German Government has learned with astonishment
and indignation that the British Government regards the
officers and crews of German submarines not as honourable
enemies, and accordingly treats them not as other prisoners
of war, but as ordinary prisoners (Arrestanten). These officers
and crews acted as brave men in the discharge of their military
duties, and they are, therefore, fully entitled to be treated
like other prisoners of war in accordance with international
arrangements. The German Government, therefore, enters
the strongest protest against a procedure which is contrary to
international law, and sees itself at the same time regretfully
compelled immediately to execute the reprisals announced by
it, and subject to similar harsh treatment a corresponding
number of English Army officers who are prisoners of war.

' When, moreover, the British Government sees fit to re-
mark that the German Navy, in contrast to the British,
failed to save shipwrecked men, we can only reject with loath-
ing the insinuation that such rescue was possible for German
ships but was wilfully neglected by them.

'The undersigned begs the Ambassador to convey this
information to the British Government, and also to take steps
to secure for a member of the American Embassy in London
an opportunity personally to inquire into the treatment of
German submarine prisoners and present a report concerning
the details of their lodging, maintenance, and employment.

' Further proceedings with regard to British officers who
have been provisionally placed under officers' arrest {Offizier-
shaft) will depend upon the treatment of the German prisoners/

According to a telegram from Berlin the German Press
is rejoicing at the reprisals to be taken against British officers
in reply to the treatment of German submarine prisoners in
England. — Renter.

(German official statement handed to each of thirty British
officers chosen for segregation in fortresses)

The regulations adopted by the English Government for
the treatment of our submarine personnel (steadfastly carrying
310

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

out their duty) who have fallen into their hands, viz., denying
them honourable imprisonment of war and substituting im-
prisonment in Naval Detention Barracks, have compelled the
German Government to adopt measures of reprisal by treating
in like manner British officers, prisoners of war, without
respect of person (probably means irrespective of rank)
during the period of the harsh treatment meted out by the
English Government (which is against the Law of Nations).
In consequence to-day, April I2th, thirty British officers taken
from officers' camps have been confined in military places of
arrest.

BOMBARDMENT OF ZEEBRUGGE

Amsterdam, April i.

The Handelsblad learns from Sluis that at half-past nine
last night a heavy bombardment by British warships was
opened upon the north Belgian coast. Several explosions
were heard. The German batteries replied to the fire. At
six o'clock this morning British aviators reconnoitred the
coast to ascertain the results of the bombardment, which was
directed against Zeebrugge and the aviation camp between
Lisseweghe and Zeebrugge near the canal. — Renter.

GERMAN SUBMARINES DAMAGED

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — April 2,

The following report has been received from Wing Com. I9I5>
A. M. Longmore,' R.N. :

' I have to report that this morning Flight Sub-Lieutenant
Frank G. Andreae carried out a successful air attack on the
German submarines which are being constructed at Hoboken,
near Antwerp, dropping four bombs. Also Flight Lieutenant
John P. Wilson, whilst reconnoitring over Zeebrugge, observed
two submarines lying alongside the Mole, and attacked them,
dropping four bombs with, it is believed, successful results.
These officers started in the moonlight this morning. Both
pilots returned safely.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

THE SEVEN SEAS SUNK

London.

K.V., Renter's Agency reports : The English steamer Seven

April 2, Seas was sunk off Beachy Head without previous warning

by a German submarine. The ship sank within three minutes.

Out of the crew mustering eighteen men, eleven were drowned.

BRITISH TRAWLERS SUNK

London.

ibid. Report from Renter's Agency. — Three British steam

trawlers were sunk early to-day by a German submarine off
Shields. The crews were saved.

THE LOCKWOOD TORPEDOED

London.

K.V., The English steamer Lockwood was torpedoed last night off

April 3, the Start. The crew were rescued by a fishing boat from
I9I5- Brixham.— Renter.

THE BOSPHORUS BOMBARDED

Petrograd, April 3.

According to the latest information during the bombard-
ment of the outer forts on the Bosphorus on March 28, the
Russian warships approached to within forty or sixty cable
lengths, bringing them within the mine area and the fire of
the coast forts.

The Russian battleships were preceded by torpedo-boat
destroyers, which dragged for mines, without, however, find-
ing any. The Turkish forts did not reply to the fire of the
Russian Fleet. — Renter.

DARDANELLES

Amsterdam, April 3.

The following official communique from the chief head-
quarters is issued in Constantinople to-day :

Some enemy mine-sweepers attempted to approach the
Dardanelles Straits (? Narrows), but retired before our fire.
Two ironclads, which were covering the operations of the mine-
sweepers, for a few minutes unsuccessfully bombarded the
forts at long range and then retired. — Reuter.
312

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

THE MEDJIDIEH REPORTED SUNK

Petrograd, April 4.

A semi-official message from Sebastopol, under yesterday's
date, states that on that evening the Turkish cruiser Medjidieh
struck a mine near the Russian coast and sank. — Renter.

On April 3 the Turkish Fleet appeared before Odessa, C.O.,
when the cruiser Medjidieh struck a mine and sank. The April 10,
Russian squadron gave chase to the Goeben and the Breslau, I9I5-
which, however, succeeded in escaping.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Yesterday our fleet sank two K.V.,
Russian ships near Odessa, i.e., the Provident, of 2000 tons, April 4,
and the Bastochnaja, of 1500 tons displacement. The crews I9I5-
were taken prisoner. During this occurrence the cruiser
Medjidieh, while pursuing enemy mine-sweepers in the vicinity
of the fort of Otchakow, approached the enemy shore, struck
against a mine and sank. The crew of the Medjidieh was
saved by Turkish warships which were in the neighbourhood.
The sailors of the Medjidieh showed a- conduct worthy of all
praise. Before the sinking of the ship the breech-blocks of
the guns were removed and the cruiser itself torpedoed so as to
make it impossible for the enemy to salve it.

One of the enemy mine-sweepers on attempting to approach
the Dardanelles yesterday was hit by a shot from our batteries
off Kum Kale, and sunk.

NOTICES TO MARINERS

(No. 258 of the year 1915)
ENGLAND, SOUTH COAST

Portland Harbour approach — Restriction of Navigation ; L.G.,

Caution re Target Practice April 6,

Former Notice (No. 232 of 1915 *) hereby cancelled i\See

i. Restriction of Navigation : — p. 220.]

Caution. — (a) No vessels or boats of any description are
to move in the area north of a line joining Portland Bill with

313

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

St. Albans Head, by day or night, unless proceeding into
Wey mouth anchorage.

(b) No vessels or boats of any description are to move in
the area north of a line joining Portland Bill with Hopes Nose
between sunset and sunrise.

No vessels or boats of any description are to put to sea in
this prohibited area during fog, and any caught at sea by
fog are to return to shore or harbour at once.

Vessels or boats found in this area after dark are liable
to be fired upon.

2. Caution re Target practice : —

Caution. — Target practice will take place, without further
notice, from ships lying in Portland harbour, and it will there-
fore be dangerous henceforth for vessels to enter the follow-
ing area : —

Limits of dangerous area :

(a) On the North.— By a line drawn in a 97° (S. 67° E. Mag.)
direction from the north end of the outer breakwater until
St. Albans Head bears 18° (N. 34° E. Mag.).

(b) On the South. — By a line drawn in a 119° (S. 45° E.
Mag.) direction from the south end of the outer breakwater
until St. Albans Head bears 18° (N. 34° E. Mag.).

(d) On the West. — By Portland outer breakwater.
Variation. — 16° W.

Charts temporarily affected : — "

No. 2615, Portland to Christchurch (2).

No. 2450, Portland to Owers (2).

No. 2255, Weymouth and Portland (2).

No. 2675^, English Channel, middle sheet (2).

Publication.- — Channel Pilot, Part I., 1908, page 150 ;
Supplement No. 2, 1914.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, $rd April 1915.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(No. 259 of the year 1915)

ENGLAND, WEST COAST
River Dee — Restriction of Navigation

Mariners are hereby warned that the following orders as L.G.,
to closing the river Dee have been made under the Defence April 6,
of the Realm (Consolidation) Regulations, 1914 ; and will
remain in force until further notice : —

1. The river Dee and the Port of Chester within the
jurisdiction of the Dee Conservancy Board are closed to all
traffic at night ; and vessels are not allowed to enter or leave
the river at night.

2. All lights for the assistance of navigation are extin-
guished.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department Admiralty,
London, ^rd April 1915.

STEAMER OLIVINE AND SAILING SHIP HERMES

SUNK IN CHANNEL

London.

The small English steamer Olivine was torpedoed between K V.,
the island of Guernsey and Calais ; the crew was saved. The APril 5.
Russian sailing ship Hermes, on her voyage to Mexico, was I9I5-
torpedoed off the Isle of Wight ; the crew was saved.

STEAMER NORTHLANDS SUNK

London.

The English steamer Northlands was torpedoed yesterday K.V.,
off Beachy Head. The crew was saved. — Renter. April 6,

1915.

THE ACANTHA TORPEDOED

It is reported from Blyth that the British sailing vessel ibid.
Acantha was torpedoed yesterday off Longstone in the North

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Sea. The whole of the crew of thirteen men were rescued by
a Swedish steamer. — Renter.

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

K.V., Yesterday and to-day the enemy made no serious attempt

April 6, against the Dardanelles. The day before yesterday two
I9I5- enemy cruisers opened fire against our batteries at the entrance

of the Dardanelles. They fired 300 shells without obtaining
any effective results. On the other hand it was ascertained
by various observations that an enemy cruiser and a torpedo-
boat were hit by shells fired from our batteries.

ALLIED ATTACK IN ENOS BAY

Constantinople.

K.V., Headquarters reports : Yesterday a part of the enemy fleet

April 8, attempted to land two boats full of soldiers after having fired

I915' . about twenty shells at the landing stage of Dragodina near

Enos. Our weak coast guards were sufficient to drive the

enemy away. While retiring the enemy fleet fired a few more

shells at a house without causing any damage.

ALLEGED NAVAL SKIRMISH ON THE EUPHRATES

Constantinople.

ibid. According to private reports to hand from a reliable source,

a motor boat belonging to the Turkish patrol service opened
fire at a distance of three kilometres from Sonjaff on the
Euphrates in the region of Kurna, on a large English gunboat
armed with heavy artillery. The ship received twenty hits,
which caused a fire in the engine-room, and also damaged
other parts, so that she only managed to retire with difficulty
and with assistance of other English ships.

RUSSIAN MINE-LAYING IN BOSPHORUS

Petrograd, April 7.

It is semi-officially announced that the mine-laying opera-
tions carried out by Russia in the Bosphorus, in spite of all

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the difficulties, have given the most satisfactory results, of
which the following is a summary : —

On December 12, the Turkish cruiser Hamidieh struck a
mine and was seriously injured. A few days later a gunboat
of a new type, the Issa Reis, of 420 tons, sank in the same
region. On January 2 a large transport was sunk. On
December 26 the cruiser Goeben was seriously damaged by
Russian mines.

On January 21 another gunboat of the Reis type was sunk.
On February 15 yet another gunboat was sunk. A few days
later a Turkish torpedo-boat was blown up by a mine, and
almost at the same time two other Turkish torpedo-boats were
lost near the entrance to the Bosphorus. — Renter.

NOTICE TO MARINERS

(No. 274 of the year 1915)
CAUTION WHEN APPROACHING BRITISH PORTS

PART I

CLOSING OF PORTS

Former Notices (Nos. i and 101 of 1915 *) hereby cancelled. l [See

(1) My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, having P^i33'
taken into consideration the fact that it may be necessary to 214.]
forbid all entrance to certain ports of the Empire, this is to LQ t
give Notice that on approaching the shores of the United April 9,
Kingdom, or any of the ports or localities of the British
Empire, referred to in Part III. of this Notice, a sharp look-
out should be kept for the signals described in the following
paragraph, and for the vessels mentioned in paragraph (5),

Part II., of this Notice, and the distinguishing and other signals
made by them. In the event of such signals being displayed,
the port or locality should be approached with great caution,
as it may be apprehended that obstructions may exist.

(2) If entrance to a port is prohibited, three red vertical
lights by night, or three red vertical balls by day, will be
exhibited in some conspicuous position, in or near to its
approach, which signals will also be shown by the vessels
indicated in paragraph (5), Part II., of this Notice.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

If these signals are displayed, vessels must either proceed
to the position marked * Examination Anchorage ' on the
Admiralty charts and anchor there, or keep the sea.

(3) At all the ports or localities at home or abroad referred
to in Part III. of this Notice, search-lights are occasionally
exhibited for exercise.

Instructions have been given to avoid directing movable
search-lights during practice on to vessels under way, but
mariners are warned that great care should be taken to keep
a sharp look out for the signals indicated in paragraph (2)
above, when search-lights are observed to be working.

PART II
EXAMINATION SERVICE

(4) In certain circumstances it is also necessary to take
special measures to examine vessels desiring to enter the ports
or localities at home or abroad, referred to in Part III. of this
Notice.

(5) In such case, vessels carrying the distinguishing flags
or lights mentioned in paragraph (7) will be charged with the
duty of examining ships which desire to enter the ports and of
allotting positions in which they shall anchor. If Government
vessels, or vessels belonging to the local port authority, are
found patrolling in the offing, merchant vessels are advised to
communicate with such vessels with a view to obtaining in-
formation as to the course on which they should approach
the Examination Anchorage. Such communication will not
be necessary in cases where the pilot on board has already
received this information from the local authorities.

(6) As the institution of the Examination Service at any
port will never be publicly advertised, especial care should be
taken in approaching the ports, by day or night, to keep a
sharp look-out for any vessel carrying the flags or lights
mentioned in paragraph (7), and to be ready to * bring to ' at
once when hailed by her or warned by the firing of a gun or
sound rocket.

In entering by night any of the ports mentioned in Part
III., serious delay and risk will be avoided if four efficient all
round lamps, two red and two white, are kept available for use.

(7) By day the distinguishing flags of the Examination
318 '

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Steamer will be a special flag (white and red horizontal sur-
rounded by a blue border) and a blue ensign.

Also, three red vertical balls if the port is closed.

SPECIAL fr'LAG THREE REID BALLS

BLUC

By night the steamer will carry : —

(a) Three red vertical lights if the port is closed.

(b) Three white vertical lights if the port is open.

The above lights will be carried in addition to the ordinary
navigation lights, and will show an unbroken light around the
horizon.

(8) Masters are warned that, when approaching a British
port where the Examination Service is in force, they must have
the distinguishing signal of their vessel ready to hoist im-
mediately the Examination Steamer makes the signal.

(9) Masters are warned that, before attempting to enter
any of these ports when the Examination Service is in force,
they must in their own interests strictly obey all instructions
given to them by the Examination Steamer. In the absence
of any instructions from the Examination Steamer they must
proceed to the position marked ' Examination Anchorage ' on
the Admiralty Charts and anchor there, or keep the sea.

Whilst at anchor in the Examination Anchorage, masters
are warned that they must not lower any boats (except to
avoid accident), communicate with the shore, work cables,
move the ship, or allow any one to leave the ship, without
permission from the Examination Steamer.

(10) In case of fog, masters are enjoined to use the utmost
care and the Examination Anchorage itself should be ap-
proached with caution.

(n) Merchant vessels when approaching ports are especially
cautioned against making use of private signals of any de-
scription, either by day or night : the use of them will render
a vessel liable to be fired on.

319

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(12) The pilots attached to the ports will be acquainted
with the regulations to be followed.

PART III
PORTS OR LOCALITIES REFERRED TO

Alderney

Barrow

Barry

Belfast

Berehaven

Blyth

Clyde

Cromarty

Dover

Falmouth

Firth of Forth

Guernsey

Hartlepool

Harwich

Jersey

Esquimalt
Halifax

Gibraltar

United Kingdom

Lough Swilly
Milford Haven
Newhaven
Plymouth
Portland
Portsmouth
Queenstown
River Humber
„ Mersey
„ Tay
„ Tees

Thames
„ Tyne
Scapa Flow
Sheerness

Canada

Quebec

Mediterranean

Malta

Indian Ocean

Aden
Bombay
Calcutta
Colombo

Hong Kong

Durban
Sierra Leone

China Sea

Africa

Karachi
Madras
Mauritius
Rangoon

Singapore

Simons Bay
Table Bay

320

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Australia

Newcastle
Sydney
Thursday Island

Adelaide
Brisbane
Fremantle
Melbourne

Hobart.

Auckland
Otago

Bermuda

Tasmania

New Zealand

West Indies

PART IV

Port Lyttelton
Wellington

Port Royal, Jamaica

Sweeping Operations

H.M. Vessels are constantly engaged in sweeping opera-
tions off ports in the United Kingdom.

Whilst so engaged, they work in pairs connected by a wire
hawser, and are consequently hampered to a very considerable
extent in their manoeuvring powers.

With a view to indicating the nature of the work on which
these vessels are engaged, they will show the following
signals : —

A black bah1 at the foremast head and a similar ball at the
yardarm, or where it can best be seen, on that side on which
it is dangerous for vessels to pass.

For the public safety, all other vessels, whether steamers
or sailing craft, must keep out of the way of vessels flying this
signal, and should especially remember that it is dangerous
to pass between the vessels of a pair.

Note. — This Notice is a repetition of Notice No. 101 of
1915, with the addition of paragraph (8).

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, jth April 1915.

NAVAL 4

321

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

GERMAN SUBMARINE OUTWITTED BY TUG HOMER

Times, News has reached St. Helens, Isle of Wight, of an exciting

April 10, encounter in the English Channel between a German sub-
I9I5- marine and the steam- tug Homer, of South Shields, Captain

H. Gibson. The tug was 15 miles off St. Catherine's pro-
ceeding up the Channel, having in tow the French barque
General de Sonis, laden with grain and bound for Sunderland.
The captain was challenged by the submarine, and ordered
to abandon the ship, which he refused to do. The submarine
altered its course and came up on the other side of the tug,
again challenging, and this time firing a shot over the bridge.
Captain Gibson, after waiting until the submarine was abeam,
cast off the hawser and steamed at full speed. He steered
straight for the submarine, but owing to the heavy sea missed
the hostile craft by about three feet. During this manoeuvre
the submarine fired at the bridge and wheel-house of the tug,
shattering the windows and woodwork. The captain escaped
injury. The submarine then steered away, fired a torpedo
at the tug, gave chase for about ten minutes, and then went
away. The Homer subsequently arrived in St. Helens Roads.
The barque, General de Sonis, was picked up by the Dover
tug Lady Crundall, and passed Dover last evening. She will
be anchored in the Downs.

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

May 12, announcement : —

I9I5- On April 8 the tug Homer, of the Lawson Steam Tugboat

Company (Limited), was towing the French barque General
de Sonis up Channel. When off the Isle of Wight a German
submarine approached and hailed the master of the Homer
(Captain H. J. Gibson) to surrender, making a flag signal to
that effect at the same time.

Captain Gibson paid no attention, but, awaiting his oppor-
tunity, slipped the tow rope of the barque and steered straight
for the submarine under a shower of bullets from the enemy's
machine gun.

The Homer missed the submarine's stern by three feet,
and then steered for the Owers lightship, pursued by the
enemy, who fired a torpedo, which passed close to the tug.
322

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

After a chase of half an hour the submarine gave up the
pursuit, and Captain Gibson brought the Homer to Bembridge,
Isle of Wight, with seven bullet holes in his vessel.

The General de Sonis arrived at Dungeness under sail.

SINKING OF THE CHATEAUBRIAND

German submarines have attacked several British mer- C.O.
chant vessels and the French sailing vessel Chateaubriand,
which was sunk on April 8th by a torpedo. The crew had
time to take to the boats, which ultimately reached Treport.

GERMAN ACCOUNT OF A FIGHT IN THE
NORTH SEA

The following statement, dated Berlin, May 9, says the Times,
Press Bureau, has been officially circulated through German MaY
wireless stations and received by the Marconi Company :

Main Headquarters reports as follows :

' Some weeks ago a large number of reports were current,
which originated in Norway, to the effect that near Bergen,
on the Norwegian coast, during the night from April 7 to
April 8, heavy sea fighting between English and German
ships had taken place. Ships coming from that direction
also reported that they had seen squadrons of warships. On
the night in question .gunfire by the aid of illuminating
rockets had been noticed. With regard to these reports
some light has now been thrown on the matter by the com-
mander of the A.E 2, which was destroyed in the Dardanelles.

' According to a letter which came into our possession re
the North Sea fight, which is said to have taken place, the
Superb is said to have been sunk and the Warrior is said to
have been sinking, without the German Navy having suffered
any loss. On Friday, April 9, a number of cruisers are said
to have arrived in a badly damaged condition. The Lion
was very badly damaged. The official^ reports say nothing
of all this.

' Similar reports have come to hand from reliable neutral
sources which were known soon after the battle, and they
are to the effect that a number of badly damaged and slightly

323

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

damaged ships had reached English ports for repairs. The
manner in which they had been damaged was left unexplained.

' A specially large number of damaged ships ran into the
Tyne,. A damaged cruiser was towed into the Tyne. A ship
of the line, with a starboard list and with her aft funnel
missing, was towed into the Firth of Forth.

' The silence of the Admiralty on all this is easily to be
understood. As the German Navy took no part in any fight
on the night in question, and as a fight with neutral vessels
is out of the question, a battle can only have taken place
between ships of the British Fleet which did not recognise
each other in the darkness/

The Secretary of the Admiralty states that ' there is not
a word of truth in this fabrication. It is, however, interest-
ing as a mark of the anxiety of Germany at the present
moment to make an impression on neutral States/

DARDANELLES

Paris, April 9.
An official Note says :

Times, The Eastern Expeditionary Force, placed under the corn-

April 12, mand of General d'Amade, and concentrated at Bizerta to
effect its organisation, has completed its Levant voyage under
the best conditions. It has been ready since March 16 to
give its help to the Allied Fleets and to the British Expedi-
1 [See tionary Force.1

P- 158.] It was desirable that during the period of waiting the

stay of the troops on the transports should not be prolonged,
and with this in view the hospitality offered to them in Egypt
was accepted. The French forces have been disembarked
at Alexandria and are quartered close to the port, at Ramleh,
a popular watering-place in the delta.

They are resting there, and at the same time completing
their organisation and combination. They are in a position
to embark without delay for any destination where their
presence may become necessary. Their review by General
d'Amade created a most favourable impression on all who
witnessed it. — Renter.

324

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NOTICE TO MARINERS

(No. 292 of the year 1915)

UNITED KINGDOM

Pilotage Stations established at certain Ports on account of L.G.,

defensive Mine-fields April 13,

Former Notice (No. 154 of 1915 x) hereby cancelled

With reference to the extension of the system of Mine *
defence, notice is hereby given that Pilotage is now com- p* 34*-l
pulsory at the following ports for all vessels (including fishing
vessels) which have a draught of over eight feet, and that
it is highly dangerous for any vessel to enter or leave such
ports without a pilot. Fishing and other small vessels
having a draught of over eight feet are to assemble at the
Pilotage stations, and will be conducted into and out of port
in groups.

Vessels are warned that they should on no account pass
to the southward of a line joining the north point of the Isle
of May and Kinghorn Ness, until in the longitude of 3° W.,
when course may be shaped for the centre of North channel.

Outward bound vessels should steer to pass the longitude
of 3° W. in latitude 56° 06' 30" N., then shape course to pass
between Anstruther Wester and the Isle of May.

The above orders apply to vessels proceeding to any port
in the Firth of Forth, whether to the eastward of Inchkeith
or not.

(2) MORAY FIRTH. — All vessels bound to Cromarty or
Inverness must call for a pilot at Wick or Burghead.

Outgoing vessels are to discharge their pilots at one or
the other of these places.

It is dangerous for any vessel to be under way to the
south-westward of a line joining Findhorn and Tarbat Ness
without a pilot.

325

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(3) SCAPA FLOW. — All entrances are dangerous and entry
is absolutely prohibited by any of them except as provided
in succeeding paragraphs.

Examination services have been established in the entrances
to Hoxa and Hoy Sounds ; vessels wishing to enter must
communicate with the Examination vessel, and follow the
instructions received from her very carefully.

The only vessels permitted to enter Hoy Sound from the
westward, are those bound for Stromness : vessels cannot
enter Scapa Flow from Stromness.

Vessels are not permitted to enter Hoxa or Hoy Sounds
by night.

Passage through Cantick Sound is entirely prohibited.

Note. — This Notice is a repetition of Notice No. 154 of
1915, with additions to paragraph (3).

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
By Command of their Lordships,

J. F. PARRY, Hydrographer.

Hydrographic Department, Admiralty,
London, loth April 1915.

BELGIAN RELIEF SHIP SUNK

Rotterdam, April 10.

Times, The sinking of the Belgian relief ship Harpalyce to-day by

April 12, a German submarine amounted to particularly cold-blooded

I9I5« f murder of some seventeen innocent men. I have just seen

the survivors, who were brought by the Dutch steamer

Elizabeth to Rotterdam. Their stories only need repeating

to show German conduct in a light which will still further

increase, if possible, the indignation and contempt of the

civilised world.

The Harpalyce left here at 3 o'clock this morning for
Norfolk, Virginia, in ballast. She flew a large white flag
bearing the words, ' Commission for Belgian Relief ' in very
large letters, visible for about eight miles. The same inscrip-
jtion was painted in large characters on both sides of the
vessel. She had aboard a crew of forty-four, of whom eight
were British, one Dutchman, one Indian, one Finn, and the
remainder Chinese.
326

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

When nine miles north-east of North Hinder lightship she
was torpedoed at 10 o'clock without warning by a submarine.
Almost the whole side of the vessel was blown away. The
torpedo struck the starboard side of the ship, which immedi-
ately filled with water and sank within four or five minutes.
Two or three other vessels were in the neighbourhood at the
time. One, the Elizabeth (Captain K. Matroos), was about
a mile distant, and saw the Harpalyce sinking. The Elizabeth
immediately made for her and saved many lives. Her crew
showed the greatest humanity, and brought the survivors to
Rotterdam, where they are being cared for.

The third officer, named Llewellyn, was on the bridge
when the torpedo struck the Harpalyce. He told me that a
terrific explosion occurred, debris of all kinds being projected
to a great height above the vessel, with clouds of steam and
a huge column of water. Captain Wawn, captain of the
Harpalyce, was in his cabin at the time. He immediately
rushed out and ordered the boats to be lowered, but there
was no time to execute the orders. Mr. Llewellyn, looking
round to see whether any other vessels were in the vicinity
and were approaching to render assistance, saw the periscope
of the submarine, which was then travelling in a northerly
direction.

Members of the crew of the Harpalyce described to me the
rapidity with which she sank. Two men got into a lifeboat,
but it filled with water. They began to bale her, and she
remained afloat. They rescued about nine others, who were
struggling in the water. Some were injured by wreckage,
and had limbs broken and bruised.

ENGINEER'S ESCAPE THROUGH SKYLIGHT

There was a second explosion due to water entering the
engine-room. Henry Horwood, the first engineer, was in the
engine-room and slipped on a lifebelt. He escaped from the
engine-room by the skylight, and was sucked under by the
sinking vessel. He suffered severely from the shock of the
immersion and bruises. He told me that he owes his life
entirely to the lifebelt, but for which he would never have
come to the surface again. He saw Wawn in the water. His
chief officer, Johanson, a Russian Finn, had his arm round

327

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the captain, endeavouring to support him. Both are missing,
also the fourth engineer, who was a native of Bombay, and
the steward and an apprentice, names unknown.

Those saved include Walter George, second officer ;
Llewellyn, third officer ; Henry Horwood, first engineer ;
John Turnbull, second engineer ; John Wadley, third engineer;
Arie Pieters, a Dutchman, fifth engineer. About twenty-one
Chinese were also saved.

When the Elizabeth arrived on the scene the crew were
struggling in the water. Some were in a boat, others clinging
to wreckage. It is remarkable that so many lives were saved,
as the sea was choppy and the wind strong. The survivors
all suffered severely from shock and exposure.

The Dutch steamer Constance Catherine (Captain Kuyper)
rescued five Chinese. The steamer Ruby, from Rotterdam,
is reported to have been stopped momentarily by the sub-
marine The Ruby is proceeding to New York. It is con-
sidered possible that she rescued two men.

*+* The Harpalyce was a four-masted steamer of 5940 tons, built
by W. Gray and Co. in 1911, and owned by J. and C. Harrison (Limited).
The Harpalion, a sister-ship, was torpedoed off Beachy Head on
February 24, while bound from London for Newport News, U.S.A.
(See Naval 3, p. 462.) Three Chinese members of the crew were killed,
and two other men, who were scalded, were taken ashore on stretchers.

Amsterdam, April 13.

Times, The Telegraaf publishes the text of the certificate which

April 14, the German Minister at The Hague gave before the vessel's
departure to the captain of the Harpalyce, which was tor-
pedoed by a German submarine. It is in the following terms :

In accordance with an agreement between the Imperial
Government and the Government of the United States, the
undersigned German Imperial Minister certifies that the
steamer Harpalyce, Captain F. Wawn, port of origin London,
has exclusively transported cargo of the American Commission
for the Relief in Belgium of the needy Belgian civil population.

This safe-conduct has been drafted under the following
conditions : —

(i) It is valid only for the present return journey.
328

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(2) It must, immediately after the arrival of the ship in
an American port, be handed over to a German Consul or
to the Imperial Ambassador at Washington.

(3) The captain has declared on his honour that he will
refrain from actions on journey to and from which could
assist the enemies of Germany.

(4) Vessels of the Imperial Navy have the right to search
the vessel, and all assistance must be given in order to ex-
pedite such examination.

(5) Non-compliance with these conditions deprives the
ship of all right to privileged treatment.

It was added that the course round the north of the
Shetland Islands was recommended, and the vessel was
urgently warned not to take a course through the waters
declared to be a war zone by Germany, and especially the
English Channel.

The certificate was signed by Baron von Kiihlmann. —
Renter.

GAZA SHELLED BY THE ALLIES

Constantinople.

There is no change on the Dardanelles. Two enemy K.V.,
cruisers bombarded the town of Gaza on the Syrian coast for Apnl 10,
two and a half hours with intervals, and damaged a part of the
harbour mole ; the town suffered no damage.

THE KRONPRINZ WILHELM AT NEWPORT

NEWS

Newport News, April n.

Mr. Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, has been notified of
the arrival of the Kronprinz Wilhelm. The Government will
take the same steps regarding her stay as in the case of the
Prinz Eitel Friedrich. .

The Kronprinz has on board sixty-one prisoners taken
from her last victims, the steamers Tamar and Daleby. —
Renter.

329

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The German Ambassador to the Secretary of State
(Translation)

Imperial German Embassy,
Washington, D.C., April 12, 1915.

U.S.D.C. MR. SECRETARY OF STATE, — In continuation of my note

of the nth instant I have the honour to inform your Excel-
lency that S.M.S. Kronprinz Wilhelm would like to land at
Newport News sixty-one persons belonging to the crews of
enemy vessels sunk by her.

The ship further stands in urgent need of repairs to restore
her seaworthiness and has to replenish her supply of coal
and provisions. The commander has asked me to procure
for him permission to undergo the aforesaid necessary repairs
at the Newport News shipyard, and announced that the
extent and time of the repairs could only be made known
upon the completion of the survey now on foot.

In compliance with the request of the commander of
S.M.S. Kronprinz Wilhelm, I beg your Excellency to take
the necessary measures and in particular to allow the ship to
stay at Newport News beyond the twenty-four hours pre-
scribed by law in accordance, with Article 14 of the I3th Con-
vention of the 2nd Conference of The Hague of October 18,
1907.

Accept, etc., For the Imperial Ambassador,

HANIEL.

The Secretary of State to the German Ambassador

Department of State,
Washington, April 21, 1915.

EXCELLENCY, — In reply to your note of the I2th instant
requesting the hospitality of the port of Norfolk for S.M.S.
Kronprinz Wilhelm, I have the honour to inform you that
the Department has received the report of the board of naval
officers who have made an examination of the cruiser with a
view to ascertaining the repairs which the vessel may undergo
in American waters. From this report it appears that the
time required for repairs will consume a period of six working
days, but that the proposed repairs will not cover the damage
330

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to the port side of the cruiser incident to the service in
which the vessel has been engaged.

The Government has concluded, therefore, that S.M.S.
Kronprinz Wilhelm will be allowed until midnight of the close
of the 29th day of April next to complete the proposed repairs
in the port of Norfolk, and that she will be allowed twenty-
four hours in addition, or until midnight of 30th day of
April, to leave the territorial waters of the United States, or,
failing this, that she will be under the necessity of accepting
internment within American jurisdiction during the con-
tinuance of the wars in which your country is now engaged.

It is expected that in accordance with the President's
proclamations of neutrality S.M.S. Kronprinz Wilhelm will
not depart from the port of Norfolk within twenty-four hours
after a vessel of an opposing belligerent shall have departed
therefrom.

This information has been confidentially conveyed to the
collector of customs at Norfolk for transmittal to the com-
mander of the Kronprinz Wilhelm.

Accept, etc., For the Secretary of State,

ROBERT LANSING.

Washington, April 26.

The commander of the Kronprinz Wilhelm has decided to
intern the vessel at Newport News. — Renter.

STEAMER WAYFARER TORPEDOED

London.

The British passenger boat Way/air,^ of 9000 tons, was K.V.,
torpedoed off the Scilly Islands. The ship was towed to APril I2»
Queenstown. — Renter. I9I5-

1 [Way-

TURKISH CAMP BOMBARDED

Paris,

The Ministry of Marine has issued the following com- Times,
munique : — APril J4»

' Yesterday, with the help of hydroplanes the French

33i

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A:

battleship St. Louis bombarded a large Turkish camp in the
neighbourhood of Gaza/

THE FEAT OF THE THORDIS

Times, At the Mansion House yesterday the Lord Mayor pre-

April 13, sented to Lieutenant Bell, captain of the Thordis (see Naval 3,
I9I5- pp. 464-467), the sum of £500 offered by Syren and Shipping

to the captain and crew of the first British merchant steamer
to sink an enemy submarine. The Lord Mayor was accom-
panied by the Lady Mayoress, and among those present
were : —

Lord Inchcape (Chairman of the P. and O. Company and
British India Company), Sir J. Fortescue Flannery, M.P.,
Sir F. Green (Orient Line), Sir E. E. Cooper, Sir A. RoUit,
Mr. W. Petersen, Rear- Admiral Inglefield (Secretary, Lloyd's),
Sir H. Acton Blake (Trinity House), Mr. Cuthbert Laws
(Shipping Federation), Mr. W. Townend (Messrs. W. Runci-
man and Co.), and M. Marconi.

The Lord Mayor said that Lieutenant Bell's feat had been
performed at a time when neither captain nor crew of the
Thordis had any knowledge .of the offer of a prize. He had
received a letter from Mr. Runciman (President of the Board
of Trade) expressing regret that he could not be present.
In his letter Mr. Runciman wrote : ' Every successful effort
to rid the seas of the inhuman pests which have now become
the only expression of German failure afloat, is well worthy
of distinction. Lieutenant Bell has shown that courage and
resource which is characteristic of the British merchant
service/

Lord Inchcape said that Admiral Von Tirpitz never made
a greater mistake than when he imagined his ' sunk-at-sight '
or ' ten minutes for boats ' policy would carry terror to the
hearts of British seamen or those who took passage in British
ships. The spirit and intuition of captains of the P. and O.
and British India steamers were shown by an answer of the
captain of the Caledonia : ' If we see a submarine we shall
either sink him or give him a run/ Lieutenant Bell, with
his slow-moving little steamer, could not give his assailant a
' run/ but he gave him a ' ram ' and sent him to the bottom.
332

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

If the Kaiser fondly hoped that he could stop communication
with these islands by any such means he was woefully mis-
taken. Lord Inchcape went on to explain that Lieutenant
Bell would receive a cheque for £330, being 50 per cent, of
the amount offered, with the additions.

The Lord Mayor, in making the presentation, assured
Lieutenant Bell that he had the best wishes of the whole
British nation. The decoration which the King had be-
stowed on him showed that His Majesty had a kindly eye for
the seamen in the merchant ships.

Lieutenant Bell said he was grateful that he and his
crew had come safely through the incident on February 28,
and he was grateful also for the honour of being permitted
to do something in a practical way for King and country.
He firmly believed they were the means of saving valuable
lives, for just after they were attacked, he saw two large
mail steamers or transports approaching the vicinity where
the submarine disappeared. He had done his duty as many
others had who had not been honoured as he had been, and
he hoped he might be spared for further service. He was very
proud of the distinction with which the King had honoured
him, and the kind words spoken to him in that personal inter-
view, which would be in his memory to the last day of his life.

LIVE TORPEDOES ADRIFT

Paris, April 13.

The following communique has been issued by the Minister
of Marine : —

Contrary to Article i of the Hague Convention, which
forbids the use of torpedoes which do not become harmless
after they have missed their mark, examination of torpedoes
from German submarines recently found in the English
Channel proves that their immersion apparatus had been
systematically jammed so as to turn the torpedo into a floating
mine. This is a fresh violation of international law. — Renter.

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

Main Headquarters reports : Yesterday a few enemy K.v.y
observation ships at the outlet of the Dardanelles fired at April 13,

333

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

our batteries situated in the region of the entrance to the
Straits, for half an hour without result. An enemy cruiser
and a torpedo-boat were then struck by shells.

GERMAN OPERATIONS IN THE BALTIC

Copenhagen.

K.V., According to official reports from Petrograd, a German

April 13, cruiser bombarded the village of Bowendtschoff, at the mouth

I9I5- of the Swenta River and the Russian Baltic coast. The

German guns fired about twenty rounds at the enemy positions.

FRENCH AND ENGLISH STEAMERS TORPEDOED
IN THE CHANNEL

Paris.

ibid. The French steamer Frederick Frank was torpedoed

yesterday off Portsmouth. The crew was saved. The English
steamer President, of Glasgow, was also sunk by a German
submarine near the Eddystone on Saturday. In this case
also the crew was saved. The English steamer torpedoed
yesterday off Scilly was called Wayfarer. — Havas Agency.

OPERATIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND
MESOPOTAMIA

FIELD OPERATIONS

Parlia- The Governor-General in Council has much pleasure in

mentary directing the publication of the following letter from the
Paper, Chief of the General Staff, dated July 29th, 1915, submitting
(Cd.8o74), a Despatch from General Sir J. E. Nixon, K.C.B., Command-
ing, Indian Expeditionary Force ' D/ describing the opera-
tions in the vicinity of Shaiba — April I2th to I4th, 1915.
The Governor-General in Council concurs in the opinion
expressed by His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief , regard-
ing the conduct of the troops engaged in the operations and
the manner in which the latter were carried out. His Excel-
lency in Council also shares the opinion of the Commander-
in-Chief that the manner in which the attack on April I4th,

334

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

1915, was executed, reflects the greatest credit on Major -
General C. J. Melliss, V.C., C.B., and on the troops engaged.

From Lieutenant-General P. Lake, Chief of the General Staff,
to the Secretary to the Government of India, No. 11741-1,
dated Simla, July 29, 1915

I am directed by His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief
in India to submit for the information of the Government
of India the following report :

Report by General Sir J. E. Nixon, K.C.B., Com-
manding Indian Expeditionary Force ' D,' on the
Operations in the vicinity of Shaiba, April I2th to I4th,

1. His Excellency considers that the conduct of the troops
in these operations was exemplary throughout, that the
operations were skilfully carried out and that, in particular,
the manner in which the attack on April I4th was executed
reflects the greatest credit both on Major-General Melliss and
on the troops engaged.

2. His Excellency recommends that this report be treated
as a despatch and published in the Gazette of India.

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.

INDIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ' D '

From General Sir John Eccles Nixon, K.C.B., Commanding
Force ' D,' to the Chief of the General Staff, Simla,
No. 168-40, dated Basrah, May 6, 1915

I have the honour to forward for the information of the
Government of India, the accompanying despatches from
Major-General C. I. Fry, regarding the fighting at Shaiba
on April i2th, and from Major-General C. J. Melliss, V.C.,
C.B., regarding the action at Shaiba on the I3th, followed
by the defeat of the Turkish forces on the i4th at the battle
of Barjisiyah.*

* [These despatches, and other portions of the present despatch which
are wholly military in character, are omitted' here. They will be found in
the Military Division.]

335

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [,

5. The actions themselves are described by the Com-
manders, and I will now pass on to the part played by the
Euphrates Blockade Flotilla, consisting of armed launches,
small steamers, and gun barges on which were mounted
two 4.7 in., one 12-pr., and three 3-pr. Naval guns, one 5 in.
B.L. and one i8-pr. gun. This flotilla, under the command
of Lieutenant-Colonel R. P. Molesworth, R.G.A., was enabled
to do good service, aided as it was by the valuable assistance
of Lieutenant A. G. Seymour, R.N., H.M.S. Espiegle, officers
and men of the Royal Navy on this station.

When the fighting commenced round Shaiba on the I2th,
this flotilla was operating off Nakhailah intercepting supplies,
which were coming to the enemy across the water in
' rnahailas ' (country boats of from 30 to 80 tons burthen).

The Officer Commanding the Blockade, having observed
the action of Barjisiyah on the i4th, approached Nakhailah
early on the morning of the I5th, and, finding that many
of the enemy were escaping in native craft, at once gave
chase and pursued them to Ratawi, destroying 8 and captur-
ing 4 large * mahailas ' ; a heavy gale on the following day
forced him to lie to.

On the iyth he reached Chubashiah, but found it entirely
deserted. The enemy were- seen retiring in scattered groups
across the desert, and though he fired a few rounds at them,
they offered no target. It would appear, from subsequent
information, that, during their retreat, the enemy were
harassed and robbed by their former allies, the Arabs, and
that they fled across the desert in wild confusion, scarcely
halting until they reached Kamsieh, a distance of close on
90 miles from the scene of their defeat, so thoroughly dis-
organised were they.
.

ii. In addition I wish to mention the following who
prominently came to my notice, and who were not under
the orders of either Major-General Fry or Major-General
Melliss :

Lieutenant-Colonel R. P. Molesworth, R.A., for some
weeks commanded the Euphrates Blockade Flotilla, which,
with the aid of the Royal Navy, often under extremely
336

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

arduous and hazardous conditions, did excellent service in
stopping the enemy's supplies and harassing his retreat.
Lieutenant-Colonel Molesworth has shown much enterprise
and energy in these duties, and also in reconnaissance work
which has been most valuable.

Captain C. A. Pogson, ii7th Mahrattas, has done very
valuable intelligence work in connection with the Euphrates
Blockade and showed much enterprise and daring. He has
probably undergone more continuous hardships than any
other individual in the force.

Lieutenant R. H. Dewing, Royal Engineers. — On April
1 5th, the Euphrates Blockade guns drove two ' mahailas '
(large country cargo boats) into the reeds. Lieutenant
Dewing went in after them and destroyed them with explo-
sives.

Lieutenant Commander A. G. Seymour, R.N. (H.M.S.
Espiegle). — The guns and gun crews of the Royal Navy under
this officer have contributed largely to the success of the
Euphrates Blockade, while his advice on naval matters and
constant support were most valuable to the Officer Com-
manding.

EXPLOIT OF THE RENARD

Tenedos, April 14.

His Majesty's destroyer Renard yesterday entered the
Dardanelles on a scouting expedition. She ran up the Straits
at high speed for ten miles, penetrating probably farther
than any of our ships has yet done. A heavy fire was directed
at her, but she was not hit. His Majesty's ship London
entered the Strait after her, and drew most of the enemy's
fire.

The batteries on the Asiatic side, especially the howitzers
behind Erenkioi, were active, but those on the European
side were quiescent. It is possible that the Turks have with-
drawn most of their artillery from here in order to mass it
quickly at any spot the Allied armies may choose for landing.

A battery was bombarded by His Majesty's ship Triumph
on Saturday. It has apparently been permanently put out
of action. The weather is rainy and murky, hindering aerial
reconnaissance. — Renter.

NAVAL 4 Y 337

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

K.V., Headquarters reports as follows : —

April 15, Yesterday afternoon an enemy armoured cruiser bom-

barded the fortifications of the Dardanelles from the entrance
onwards at long range and without result. Four shells from
our batteries hit the armoured cruiser, and a fire broke out
on board. The ship steamed away immediately in the
direction of Tenedos.

The Russian fleet bombarded Eregli and Zunguldak
yesterday, after which it sailed away in a northerly direction.
Its only result was the sinking of a few sailing ships.

There is no change in the other theatres of war. We do
not consider it worth while to describe as warlike events the
temporary, aimless, and unsuccessful bombardment of villages
by ships which are constantly cruising on the Syrian coast.

Constantinople.

K.V., In the afternoon of April 14 the English battleship Majestic

April 17, bombarded the land positions near Gaba Tepe (Bay of Saros).
I9I5- The fire was returned, and after a few shots the Majestic was

compelled to retire. On the Majestic again attacking a few
of the advanced batteries in the afternoon of April 15, she
was caught by the fire of the Turkish forts and received three
hits, i.e. two behind the navigating bridge and one between
the funnels. The ship turned away, and was replaced by the
battleship Swiftsure, which continued the bombardment with-
out success.

During the nights from April 13 to 14, and 14 to 15, enemy
torpedo-boats attempted to penetrate into the Dardanelles,
but they were easily repulsed. A German airman dropped
two bombs, which struck and exploded on board enemy
colliers near Tenedos.

HERR BALLIN ON THE WAR

New York, April 13.

Times, I am permitted by the editor of the New York World to

April 15, sen(j yOU extracts from an account of an important interview,
338

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

which will appear to-morrow, with Herr Ballin (head of
the Hamburg- Amerika line), who, in the enforced idleness
of the German merchant marine, has been appointed by the
Emperor purchaser of supplies for the German Army and
Navy.

The importance of the interview is derived from the fact
that it took place in Hamburg immediately after the return
of Herr Ballin from the front, where he had a long audience
with the Emperor, whose views of the war he was authorised
to communicate to the New York World for American con-
sumption.

Herr Ballin quoted to the correspondent the usual assur-
ances conveyed to him personally by the Emperor : — ' I never
desired this war. Every act of mine in the twenty-six years
of my government proves that I did not want to bring about
this or any other war.'

' Who, then/ asked the correspondent/ does the Emperor
consider responsible for the war ? ' To this question Herr
Ballin made the following extraordinary answer, which
amounts virtually to a confession that Germany would have
avoided war had she known that Great Britain would parti-
cipate in it : — ' We all feel that this war has been brought
about by England. We honestly believe that Sir Edward
Grey could have stopped it. If, on the first day, he had de-
clared " England refuses to go to war because of the internal
questions between Serbia and Austria/' then Russia and
France would have found a way to compromise with Austria.
If, on the other hand, Sir Edward Grey had said England
was ready to go to war, then, for the sake of Germany, pro-
bably Austria might have been more ready to compromise.
But, by leaving his attitude uncertain and letting us under-
stand that he was not bound to go to war, Sir Edward Grey
certainly brought about the war. If he had decided at once,
one way or the other, Sir Edward Grey could have avoided
this terrible thing/

Of the significance of this admission Herr Ballin seemed
to be utterly unaware, for he proceeded to dilate with pride
on the part taken in the war by the Emperor, who, he assured
the correspondent, was directing every detail of the campaigns
on both fronts. The Emperor, Herr Ballin said, was in excel-
lent health and spirits, and full of optimism, which was re-

339

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

fleeted in the words, ' I am in the field with my brave soldiers,
and I am certain that victory will be ours/

' How long will the war last ? ' asked the correspondent.

* I wish I knew/ replied Herr Ballin. ' But you have just
come from the Emperor. Did not he tell you ? ' The malice
of this question was quite accidental, for Herr Ballin answered,

* It is true I have just come from the Emperor, but I am
sorry to say I do not think that even His Majesty could answer
your question. The Emperor does not know either/

Herr Ballin proceeded to boast of Germany's abundant
supply of troops, food, and ammunition, and said the nine
milliards of marks (£450,000,000) subscribed by the nation
to the latest war loan showed what the German people believed
would be the outcome of the war. ' As a matter of fact/ he
observed, with a grin, ' Russia is feeding our Army in the east,
and in the west Belgium and France are doing us the same
favour. So you see there is no cause for worry. Time is in
our favour, for, whereas our enemies are depleting their re-
sources by spending their money abroad, we are making all
our own supplies, and keeping all our money circulating
within the Empire/

Herr Ballin next informed the correspondent that Ger-
many's exports are being carried to America in American
cotton vessels as well as by Scandinavian and Dutch steamers.
' Here is an astonishing fact/ he said. ' Our exports to
America in January last showed scarcely any falling off, while
those from Austria were larger than in the same month of 1914.'
As for the future, Herr Ballin professed supreme confidence.
'We have just closed a contract/ he said, 'for seven new
steamers, each with a carrying capacity of 17,000 tons, which,
when peace is declared, will trade with the United States and,
through the Panama Canal, with South America. As soon
as the war is over all ill-feeling between our country and
America will disappear, and you will see a boom in business
the like of which has never been known. Shipping will not
only be re-established, but there will be an unprecedented
demand for cargo steamers. Supplies which have run short
because of the war will be replenished, everybody will
want his goods shipped immediately, and Germany and
the United States will profit from the boom more than
other nations/ Herr Ballin concluded by observing that
340

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the Allies' warships will never attempt to approach the
German coast, as the mouth of the Elbe is hermetically
sealed by an unbroken line of mines.

The following is the letter from Herr Ballin published, Times,
without his name, in The Times of August 12, 1914. As it
reached us on August 2, and was dated the same day, it was
evidently timed to appear on the morning of August 3, the
day when Sir Edward Grey was to reveal to the House of
Commons the causes which made war inevitable. The object
of the letter was undoubtedly to influence British political
opinion in favour of Germany. Since the statements it con-
tained were false, we withheld it from publication until
August 12 : —

' August 2, 1914.

' I hear with astonishment that in France and elsewhere
in the world it is imagined that Germany wants to carry on
an aggressive war, and that she had with this aim brought
about the present situation. It is said that the Emperor was
of the opinion that the moment had come to have a final
reckoning with his enemies ; but what a terrible error that is !
Whoever knows the Emperor as I do, whoever knows how
very seriously he takes the responsibility of the crown, how
his moral ideas are rooted in true religious feeling, must be
astonished that any one could attribute such motives to him.

' He has not wanted the war ; it has been forced upon
him by the might of circumstances. He has worked un-
swervingly to keep the peace, and has, together with England,
thrown his whole influence into the scales to find a peaceful
solution, in order to save his people from the horrors of war.
But everything has been wrecked upon the attitude of Russia,
which, in the middle of negotiations which offered good out-
look of success, mobilised her forces, wherewith she proved
that she did not mean in earnest what her assurances of
peaceful intentions indicated.

' Now Germany's frontiers are menaced by Russia, which
drags her Allies into the war ; now Germany's honour is at
stake. Is it possible under these circumstances that the most
peace-loving monarch can do otherwise than take to the

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

sword in order to defend the most sacred interests of the
nation ?

And, finally, the German people ! In them is firmly
rooted the word of Prince Bismarck against aggressive wars :
" One must not try to look into the cards of Fate."

' It must be stated again ; Russia alone forces the war
upon Europe. Russia alone must carry the full weight of
responsibility.'

THE KATWYK TORPEDOED

Amsterdam, April 15.

' What next ? ' was the question that Dutch people asked
themselves this morning, as they gathered in little knots to
read a bulletin in the shop windows, announcing the sinking
of the Dutch ship Katwyk.

This 20OO-ton steamer, according to the Telegraaf, was
bound, with a Government cargo of grain, from Baltimore to
Rotterdam, when she was. torpedoed off the North Hinder
lightship. The crew was saved and taken to Flushing by a
tug.

Details of the affair have just been received from the
Telegraafs Flushing correspondent. The Katwyk's crew
arrived at Flushing at four o'clock this afternoon on board
the steamer Flushing, which brought them from the North
Hinder lightship. The crew of twenty-three were all well,
but tired. They were immediately taken to the Hotel Zealand,
where the Dutch naval captain von Leschen was awaiting
Captain Teensma, of the Katwyk, to inquire into the circum-
stances.

Meanwhile the crew reported that the Katwyk had anchored
six miles from the North Hinder lightship about 8 o'clock
on Wednesday evening. The wind was fresh, so the Dutch
flag was fully displayed. It was not quite dark, and the flag
must have been recognisable at some distance. The watch
was on deck, the remainder of the crew being below at supper.
After the ship had been anchored about a quarter of an hour,
all her lights being up, a loud explosion suddenly alarmed the
crew, who ran on deck and shouted with the watch, both in
English and German, that the ship was Dutch.

That the ship had been torpedoed was soon evident. There
342

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

was an enormous hole in the port side, and the ship immediately
began to burn. She had been torpedoed in the second hold,
near a watertight compartment. It was impossible to ex-
tinguish the fire, and the ship having already begun to sink,
the crew calmly obeyed the officers' command to prepare the
lifeboats. While doing so they saw the submarine, which had
hitherto been unnoticed. She was too remote for the crew
to identify her nationality, but it is certain that the ship was
torpedoed without the slightest notification. •

The crew entered two boats, one commanded by the
captain, the other by the first mate. When the boats were
at some distance from the Katwyk she disappeared. The
Katwyk only floated for twenty minutes after being torpedoed,
and the crew were unable to save their belongings, most of
them bringing away only the clothes they were wearing. The
captain, however, saved the ship's papers. Fortunately, the
watch had just been changed at the moment that she was
torpedoed, therefore no one was in the cabins. The fact that
no lives were lost is attributable to this circumstance. Both
the boats went to the North Hinder lightship, where the crew
passed the night.

The Katwyk1 's case differs from that of the Medea in two
important respects. The Katwyk was carrying a cargo of grain
consigned to the Netherlands Government, when she was
torpedoed without warning.

The incident has revived the uneasiness and alarm occasioned
by the sinking of the Medea. No people are more peaceably
inclined than the Dutch, who fully realise how serious a
calamity war would be for their country. The object-lesson
of Belgium has not been lost upon them. The Dutch have no
desire to see the Netherlands afflicted with all the sorrow and
misery which have befallen their neighbours. This attitude
is natural on the part of a small nation, of which the whole
population does not exceed six millions, or no more than that
of London alone. Therefore, those who imagine that the
Netherlands will lightly draw the sword are destined to be
disillusioned. Holland will not make war unless circumstances
become too strong for her.

The question arises, however, whether the Germans are
presuming on the patience of the Netherlands, which, of course,
has its limits.

343

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Times,
April 16,

Times,
April 17,

Great disappointment is undoubtedly felt in Holland at
this latest incident, because it was hoped that, after the
publication of the Netherlands communique concerning the
recent German-Dutch shipping incidents, any immediate
cause for anxiety had been removed. Germany gave Holland
to understand that those incidents did not indicate any change
in Germany's line of policy. It was pointed out in the Nieuwe
Courant only last Sunday that no further action by German
submarines against Dutch ships in particular had been heard
of since the Dutch Minister at Berlin pointed out how much
public opinion in the Netherlands had been disquieted by the
sharp measures of the German Navy in the last week of March.

The sinking of the Katwyk is the latest of a series of
provocative acts by German submarine crews and airmen
against Holland. Three weeks ago the steamship Medea, of
Amsterdam, was stopped off Beachy Head by the U 28, and,
after the crew had been ordered into the boats, was sunk by
gunfire. On April i a Rotterdam ship, the Schi eland, noo
tons, was blown up in the North Sea, near Spurn Head. In
this case no submarine was seen, but the chief mate stated
that as the steamer was struck opposite the engine-house
instead of in the fore part ol the ship, it was unlikely that
the explosion was caused by a mine. On March 23 the
Mecklenburg, 2885 tons, was pursued by a German steam
trawler, which fired three shots at her. A few days earlier
the Germans seized the Batavier V., 1500 tons, and the
Zaanstroom, and took them to Zeebrugge, and bombs were
thrown from an aeroplane at the Zevenbergen.

Amsterdam, April 16.

Captain Teensma, of the Katwyk, arrived at Rotterdam
to-night with the crew of the Katwyk.

He stated that the steamer was about seven miles west of
the North Hinder lightship on Wednesday evening when he
anchored for fear of mines, and ordered that in addition to the
anchor light a large petroleum gaslight should be shown. A
frightful explosion occurred while this was being done. The
deck was blown open and the crew were covered with water
and grain.
344

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The watch on the bridge had seen nothing, but a few
seconds after the Katwyk was torpedoed he saw the periscope
of a submarine. The ship sank quickly. Both boats were
launched. All the crew entered them and rowed behind the
Katwyk. The crew believed they saw a couple of ghost-like
lights when they came close to the submarine, and the captain
called for help. There was no answer, however. The sub-
marine, on the contrary, went away as quickly as possible
from where the Katwyk' 's crew were.

Far from losing their heads over the incident, the Dutch have
never been more self-possessed than, at the present moment.
Their indignation and disgust at this outrage are as great as
would be those of any other neutral people whose property
had been wantonly destroyed and whose fellow-countrymen's
lives had been exposed to the gravest peril under similar
conditions. Newspaper comment to-day gives forcible ex-
pression to these feelings, a chorus of protest being uttered
in journals of all shades of opinion. Counsels of self-restraint
are not wanting, however, and it is pointed out that the duty
of the Dutch is to strengthen the hands of their Government in
dealing with exceptional difficulties at a time when calm and
sober handling of affairs is of the utmost importance.

The announcement of the Wolff Bureau this morning that
the German Government has already instituted an investigation
into the torpedoing of the Katwyk is regarded as an indication
that Germany realises the seriousness of the situation created
by this latest exploit, and desires to reassure the Netherlands.
It is recognised, however, that nothing can acquit either the
German Government or German sailors of the responsibility
for the consequences of this sea crime.

The Germans seem convinced that Holland will submit
to every injustice, indignity, and outrage rather than have
recourse to arms. This opinion may prove unfounded. The
Handelsblad to-night points out that, while all the Netherlands
desires to remain outside the war, it is possible for peace to be
purchased at too high a price.

Amsterdam, April 16.

Dr. Ludwig Stein, according to a Berlin telegram, writes ibid.
as follows in the Vossische Zeitung : —

' We must quickly oppose the view that the sinking of the

345

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Medea and the Katwyk is contrary to international law or
involves any change of German policy towards Holland. The
sinking of the Medea and the Katwyk is a parallel case to that
of the William P. Frye, the American steamer sunk by the
Eitel Friedrich. The German commander acted in that case
completely within the principles of international law as laid
down by the London Declaration and the German Prize Law.

' Of course, differences of opinion exist concerning the
validity of the London Declaration because England did not
ratify it. If that came to pass then nothing could prevent
the formation of a Court of Appeal, but England frustrated
it herself.'

Dr. Stein seems unaware that the Katwyk was proceeding
to Rotterdam from Baltimore with a cargo of grain for the
Dutch Government. — Reuter.

Amsterdam, April 19.

Times, The afternoon papers published a Paris telegram, stating

April 20, that Germany is ready immediately to pay compensation
19I5- for the Katwyk and to offer apologies conformably to the

provisions of international law. This seems to go rather
further than the facts justify as disclosed in the semi-official
German communique, which speaks of Germany's readiness to
make amends if it is proved that the submarine was German.
How far the difficulty or impossibility of identifying the
nationality of the submarine may render this condition fatal
to the satisfaction of Holland's just claims remains to be seen.
It is noteworthy that the Vaderland, a Hague journal which
it is impossible to accuse of anti-German sympathies, speak-
ing in Friday's issue of the impossibility of an appeal to a
Prize Court, says : — ' Wherever we appeal for justice, we may
be dismissed with, "Come to the wrong address." Against
this view may be set the opinion of the Handelsblad, which
on Saturday published an article headed ' Cui Prodest/ point-
ing out that there is only one nation which has declared that
it will destroy merchantmen on the presumption that they
are English ships or carry contraband. The article con-
tinues : — ' There is only one nation which torpedoes ships
without investigation, regardless of danger for those aboard,
and which considers that this is to its advantage. . . . Should
346

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the German Government submit sworn declarations and
journals of all submarine commanders, and thus demonstrate
that the crime was not committed by a German boat, then
we should certainly assume penitential garb. But we are
firmly convinced that this will not happen.1

Time will show whether Germany will place the whole
responsibility of proof upon Holland or will prove the Handels-
blad's scepticism to have been unjustified.

Berlin, April 20.

The special Rotterdam correspondent of the Deutsche Times,
Tageszeitung reports that the description of the boat which APril 2I»
torpedoed the Katwyk, and the behaviour of the crew, lead
one to believe that the vessel was of English nationality. —
German Wireless.

Amsterdam, May 10.

It is officially stated that the German Government had Times,
sent a written declaration to the Dutch Government, dealing May n,
with the torpedoing of the Katwyk, and admitting that she
was sunk by a German submarine.

The commander of the submarine was under the impres-
sion that he had to do with an enemy ship, as the distin-
guishing marks used by neutrals had not, when darkness
came on, been illuminated by the Katwyk, on the side which
was struck by the torpedo. The German Government
expresses its sincere regret for the mishap, which was in no
way intentional, and undertakes to make compensation for
the damage done. — Renter.

DUTCH NEUTRALITY VIOLATED

Amsterdam, April 13.

The Nieuwe Courant to-night, referring to reports that the Times,
steamship Main had a wireless apparatus aboard, says : April 14,
We learn that the report is so far true. That for this, as I9I5-
well as other reasons, the presence of the merchantman Main
at Flushing was considered by our naval authorities to be no

347

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [

longer desirable. After a watch had been placed on the ship
a short time ago, it was intimated that if it wished longer to
enjoy an asylum in a Dutch harbour it must proceed to another
place than Flushing. The ship, therefore, chose to go to
Antwerp, which, naturally it had full freedom to do, and it
left for that place yesterday.

The Handelsblad, referring to the Main, says that the
report concerning her secret wireless installation is on the
whole accurate, so far as its information goes. It adds :—
'There was no question of interning the Main, for being
a merchantman and not a warship, it could remain volun-
tarily at Flushing, but the misuse of hospitality extended to
the vessel, and the violation of Holland's neutrality in this
way is for this reason serious, fpr a violation of neutrality is
what the Main committed. It is announced from Flushing
that the Main has gone to Antwerp. It is not clear why the
Netherlands authorities permitted this departure, and had
not seized the ship after this discovery/

The Main is a vessel of 10,058 tons, belonging to the
Norddeutsche Lloyd, and has been sheltering at Flushing
since the outbreak of the war.

The Hague, April 16.

With reference to the departure of -the German steamer
Main from Flushing, it is semi-officially announced here
that military considerations led the authorities to consider it
undesirable that the vessel should stay any longer at Flushing,
where she has been voluntarily lying at anchor since the
beginning of the war. Owing to the great draught of the
Main, it is declared her removal within territorial waters to
another Dutch port was impossible, and therefore she was
permitted to go to Antwerp. There was, it is added, no
question of the internment of the vessel. — Renter.

A SWEDISH SHIP STOPPED

Stockholm, April 15.

The news that the Swedish steamer Sir Ernest Cassel,
which was bound from Narvik to Rotterdam, has been stopped
348

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and taken into Middlesbrough, has evoked expressions of
astonishment and uneasiness in all the Swedish newspapers
without exception as well as among the general public, for
the stoppage of the steamer is regarded as constituting a
fresh menace to the export of iron ore from Sweden.

The journal Socialdemokraten dwells on the serious losses
which such interruptions in the voyages of vessels would
entail on the export of Swedish iron ore, which is now shipped
from Narvik, and, as it says, ' all because Great Britain, in
defiance of international law, forbids shipments from neutral
Norway to neutral Holland/ — Reuter.

Stockholm, April 16.

In view of the situation caused by the detention by the
British authorities of the steamer Sir Ernest Cassel, carrying
a cargo of iron ore, the owners have given telegraphic orders
to three other ships bound for England to break their voyage
and to remain, until fresh instructions are received, in a
Norwegian port. — Reuter.

CONTRABAND

House of Commons, April 14, 1915.

MR. PETO asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Hansard.
whether, in view of the fact that in Articles 27 and 2.8 of the
Declaration of London raw cotton wool and yarns of the same
are placed upon the free list as not susceptible of use in War,
and in view of the Government having, by proclamation
published in the London Gazette of I2th March, placed wool
and woollen and worsted yarns on the list of absolute con-
traband they intend to extend the list of absolute contraband
to raw cotton and yarns of the same ; and, if not, whether
he can state the reason for this distinction between wool and
woollen yarns and cotton and cotton yarns ?

MR. PRIMROSE : After careful consideration it was found
that the military advantages to be gained from declaring
cotton to be contraband were insufficient to render such a
step expedient. The reasons were explained in the reply
given to the hon. Member for Nottingham on the 4th February.

349

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

[The following is the answer above referred to :

CONTRABAND OF WAR (COTTON)

House of Commons, February 4, 1915.

Hansard. SIR J. D. REES asked the President of the Board of Trade whether

cotton is a usual, if not indispensable, ingredient in many modern
explosives ; and, if so, why it is not included in the list of articles of
contraband of war ?

SIR E. GREY : I understand that the suggestion made in the first
part of the question is correct, but the proportion of the German cotton
import used in the manufacture of explosives is very small and the
requirements for that purpose could have been supplied from the
stocks of cotton goods already in the country at the outbreak of war.
The advantage of treating cotton as contraband of war is consequently
not apparent, whilst the disadvantage which would result from such
a step is considerable.]

RETIRED CAPTAINS (ROYAL NAVY)

House of Commons, April 14, 1915.

Hansard. COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the Admir-

alty whether, in the case of retired captains who are employed
during the war, the time of active service and sea service is
allowed to count towards -promotion on the retired list so
that in the case of a captain who has hitherto been below the
three years' sea service and six years' active service margin,
laid down by regulation, he may qualify for promotion ulti-
mately to vice-admiral on the retired list ; and, if not,
whether he can grant this concession in view of the fact that
it will not involve any increased charge on the Estimates ?
Mr. CHURCHILL : Yes, sir.

EXPLOSION AT LERWICK

ibid. MR. CATHCART WASON : I beg to ask the Parliamentary

Secretary to the Admiralty a question of which I have given
private notice, namely, whether he has received any account
of the explosion at Lerwick, and the lamentable loss of life
which is reported ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR.
MACNAMARA) : I have seen a newspaper statement. Beyond
that I have no information, but I will at once inquire.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

MR. CATHCART WASON : May I repeat the question to-
morrow ? .

DR. MACNAMARA : Yes.

House of Commons, April 15, 1915.

MR. CATHCART WASON : I desire to ask the Parliamentary Hansard.
Secretary to the Admiralty whether he is now in a position
to' give us any details regarding the explosion at Lerwick ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR.
MACNAMARA) : An inquiry is being held into the matter,
pending the result of which I am not in a position to add to
the reports which have appeared in the Press, except that I
regret to say that the number of deaths resulting from the
explosion now appears to be seven — three being naval ratings
and four civilians, in addition to about twenty injured.

AIR RAID ON NORTH-EAST COAST

Newcastle, April 14.

An airship raid took place on the North-East Coast to-night. Times,
A hostile aircraft passed over Blyth about 8 o'clock, and made APril I5»
a circuit over Wallsend. In its course it traversed a large
area of mid-Tyne district, the centre of one of the most
important shipbuilding areas in the country.

An eye-witness in the neighbourhood of Wallsend said
at 10 minutes past 8 his attention was directed to a dark
object in the sky, and he heard the noise of propellers in
mid-air. Before he had really time to grasp the situation
there were a number of sharp explosions, which seemed to
be at no great distance from where he was standing.

Simultaneously he saw flashes of light in the sky, which
were followed by a loud report, resembling that of a big
gun. The night was exceptionally dark, and there was not
a breath of wind. The flashes which accompanied the explo-
sions illuminated the whole district. There is reason to
believe that at least one building in Wallsend was struck by
a bomb.

All the lights in the district have been extinguished, and
the order for immediate darkness is said to have been applied
to the whole north-east coast. At any rate a message from

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Hull was received between 10 and n o'clock, inquiring why
that port had been suddenly plunged into darkness.

The town of Blyth, where the airship seems first to have
been seen, is on the coast almost due north-north-east of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Wallsend is practically at the mouth
of the Tyne, due south of Blyth and south-west of Tynemouth.

Midnight.

A number of bombs were thrown on Wallsend and Hebburn,
and it was at once evident that the object of the raid was to
do damage to the shipbuilding works, where work was going
on at the time. Precautions were immediately taken by the
authorities, the men being dismissed from the yards and the
latter closed.

A house in Station Road, Wallsend, was struck by a
missile which passed through the roof and brought down the
ceiling of a bedroom in which a woman was at the time.
Happily she escaped serious injury.

Bombs were also dropped at Annitsford and Killing-
worth, and other places, but in no case was any material
damage done by them, so far as could be ascertained.

When the news of the raid reached Newcastle every pre-
caution was at once taken. The lights in the streets were
extinguished and the electric current was cut off. Tramway-
cars were brought to a standstill, and the entire city was in
darkness. The railway station was closed.

The Great Northern (King's Cross to Aberdeen) express
was stopped in the station, and the railway traffic generally
was delayed, as a number of the trains would have had to
pass through the danger area. By n o'clock, however, it
was realised that the danger was over, and railway traffic was
resumed, and the city once again wore its normal aspect.

It was over Blyth that the airship first made its presence
known, it then went west to Choppington, from there south
to Wallsend and Benton. No deaths have been reported,
and people remained calm.

12.30 A.M.

The whole of the communications of the area affected
were seriously interrupted, and confirmation of many of the
rumours which were current in the Newcastle district was not
obtainable.
352

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

It was also stated that the Choppington area between
Blyth and Newcastle seemed to be the centre of the raid,
and that it was there that most alarm was felt.

It is understood that there was no loss of life — at any
rate, that none had been reported at midnight — that the
special constabulary had not been called out, and that no
troops had been requisitioned for special duty.

All the anti-aircraft searchlights were playing in all direc-
tions immediately, and the Zeppelins were seen later in the
night off the mouth of the Tyne proceeding southwards,
apparently heading for the German coast.

Blyth, April 15, 12.30 A.M.

A Zeppelin passed over Blyth last night and dropped Times,
bombs without doing much damage. A policeman who saw APnl
the airship plainly says : —

' The airship looked like a great cigar in the twilight. I
should say it was at a height of about 2000 feet. Twelve
bombs, as far as can be ascertained at present, were dropped
from the raider, but Blyth escaped lightly.

' Immediately it was seen, the authorities took the neces-
sary emergency steps, and Blyth was plunged into darkness,
and the tramway-cars stopped running. The townspeople
took the affair calmly, and there was very little excitement.'

A Press Association message from Blyth states : — ' At
about 8 o'clock to-night several colliery villages in East
Northumberland were the object of an attack by a Zeppelin.
The aircraft -was observed to come in from the seaward at
Blyth, hover about for a few minutes, and then proceed
rapidly westward. The people in the streets at first thought
the Zeppelin was one of our own patrol ships, but doubts
were dispelled shortly afterwards when a loud explosion
occurred, accompanied by a blinding flash. Further bombs
were dropped — about a dozen in all — at Choppington, two
miles from the coast. A publichouse and a social club were
narrowly missed by a bomb, the windows being broken. At
the railway station a bomb shook the premises and set the
lamps swinging.

'The Zeppelin then moved southward, passing over Bed-
NAVAL 4 z 353

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

lington. The windows of the Salvation Army barracks were
blown out. At a village named Dudley, further windows
were blown out. At Cramlington a house was struck by a
bomb and set on fire, but the fire was quickly extinguished.
The occupants managed to escape in safety.

' This was the last heard of the Zeppelin on the East Coast,
and it is presumed locally that she made her way to the
seaward via Sunderland.

'The streets of Blyth were unusually thronged, there being
a recruiting demonstration in progress. One of the speakers
in the Market Place, where a large crowd had collected, the
Rev. J. W. Ogden, had been speaking of the barbarism of
the Germans in Belgium. He remarked that the Germans
threatened that the treatment to be meted out to the English
people, were the Germans to get a footing here, would be
ten times worse.

' Shortly afterwards the Zeppelin hove in sight, flying high
in the air, and the speaker dramatically raised his hand and
said, "Here is a visitor for you. This should be an induce-
ment to recruiting. It 's a Zeppelin ! " '

Leeds, April 15.

Times, The Yorkshire Post of -this morning has the following

April 15, account : —

I9I5> ' As soon as news of the arrival of the raiders on the North-

East Coast reached them the military authorities took prompt
measures for the safety of cities and towns likely to be in
the course of their southward travels. In most places the
lights were at once turned out in accordance with arrange-
ments made in advance, and the results in many cases were
extremely awkward, the Yorkshire Post office being one in-
stance, all the operations incident to the production of the
paper being held up for the better part of an hour.

* At a concert given in the Town Hall at Newcastle there
were five numbers of the programme still to go when it was
. announced that orders had been given to put out lights in
public buildings, and the trams were stopped. The audience
rose and, for the second time that evening, sang " God save the
King," and dispersed amid cheering. Very prompt measures
for the safety of the great industrial towns within a few hours'
journey from Northumberland were taken by the military
354

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

and police working in conjunction on lines which had been
arranged long in advance. In no case does panic appear to
have been caused/

Wallsend, April 15, 2.45 A.M.

The Zeppelin which visited the North-East Coast late ibid.
last night flew over Wallsend and dropped four bombs.

One bomb hit a house in Station Road, causing a fire,
which was easily extinguished.

Two bombs fell on the railway line, doing damage of no
importance, while another fell harmlessly into the river.

There was no panic in the town.

Jar row.

No damage was done at Jarrow. Bombs fell outside the ibid.
dock at Hebburn into the river.

At 8.35 a loud explosion was heard here, but nothing was
seen of the airship.

Amsterdam, April 16.

A Berlin official telegram states : On April 14 in the
evening a naval airship attacked the mouth of the Tyne,
dropping a number of bombs. The airship returned safely. —
Renter.

BLACK SEA AND DARDANELLES

Petrograd, April 16.

A communique from the Headquarters of the Commander-
in-Chief says : —

Yesterday in the Black Sea our destroyers sank off the
Anatolian coast four steamers, two of which were laden with
coal, and several sailing vessels, and exchanged fire with the
Zunguldak batteries. — Renter.

Amsterdam, April 16.

The Turkish Headquarters report, a Berlin telegram says,
that a cruiser yesterday bombarded the Dardanelles forti-
fications from the entrance. The Russian Fleet bombarded
Eregli and Zunguldak. — Renter.

355

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

RAILWAY BRIDGE DESTROYED BY CRUISER

Paris, April 16.

Times, The Ministry of Marine states that yesterday a French

April 17, cruiser destroyed a railway bridge connecting the town of Acre
with the interior railway system of Syria.

ZEPPELIN OVER EAST COAST

Ipswich, 2.30 A.M.

Times, News was received here this morning of another Zeppelin

April 16, raid on the East Coast. According to the official reports the
airship first appeared over Harwich, but did not drop any
bombs on this town. It proceeded in the direction of Felix-
stowe, but does not appear to have committed any outrage
until it reached Southwold, where several bombs were dropped,

It then passed on to Lowestoft, where further damage was
done, but happily no one was killed or injured.

The East Anglian Daily Times says that at Lowestoft the
inhabitants were warned by the siren at one o'clock, and
almost before it had ceased three explosions were heard, the
branch office of the East Anglian Daily Times in Gladstone
Road being made to rattle. -

The noise of the Zeppelin could be heard before one could
pop out of bed, and there was a crash of falling masonry.

The first two bombs appeared to have been dropped to
the north of Lowestoft, and the third to the south. After the
third explosion one of the timber yards was seen to be alight,
and judging by the glare considerable damage appeared to
have been done. The Zeppelin departed from the town in
a northerly direction and appeared to be making for Yarmouth,
travelling slightly out at sea.

At Southwold the airship was seen approaching from a
southerly direction, and passed directly over the town until
it reached the vicinity of Henham Hall, where it is reported
three bombs were dropped. It is in keeping with the
German ideas of culture that they should select that spot.
The Hall, the residence of the Earl and Countess of Strad-
broke, has, since the commencement of the war, been con-
verted into a hospital for the wounded.

After this the invader turned again until directly over the
356

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

town, and one bomb was dropped, which fell on a railway
truck and set it on fire. The bomb, which was an incendiary
one, passed through the bottom of the truck. The airship
then again turned and made off in the direction of Lowestoft.
On its way a bomb was dropped, which exploded with a
terrific report. From the direction of the resulting glare it
seemed that the village of Wrentham was singled out for
attack. The time taken for the visitation was from 12.35 to
12.50 A.M.

Lowestoft, 2.30 A.M.

A Zeppelin passed over Lowestoft about one o'clock this ibid.
morning and dropped six bombs on the town. Damage was
done to house property, windows were shattered, and three
horses killed. A large timber yard was also set on fire.

The airship came from Southwold, and when near Lowe-
stoft Harbour steered some way out to sea. It suddenly
turned back and circled twice round the town, during which
the bombs were dropped. Windows here were shattered
and doors blown in, but fortunately all the residents escaped
injury.

At one spot a bomb made a hole in the road large enough
for four or five people to stand in. A bedroom door was
blown from its hinges on to a soldier who was lying in bed.
He, too, escaped unhurt. The Zeppelin hovered over the
town for several minutes, and then proceeded in the direction
of the sea.

Southwold, 3 A.M.

A Zeppelin passed over Southwold about midnight and ibid.
dropped five or six bombs. It came from the direction of
the sea, and while circling round the town dropped the bombs,
one of which set fire to the contents of a truck.

Afterwards the airship passed on to Henham Hall, where
a number of wounded soldiers are being cared for. One
bomb fell near this building, but did no damage. Returning
to Southwold the airship dropped another bomb and proceeded
to sea. It hovered over the town for about half an hour. No
loss of life and no injury was reported.

357

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Maldon, 3.30 A.M.

Times, At 12.15 A.M. the inhabitants of Maldon were aroused by

April 16, the loud explosions of bombs, eight in succession, and an air-

I9I5- ship was seen at a considerable height circling over the town.

The bombs, which were of the incendiary type, burst into

flames after exploding.

The first bomb fell near the residence of the district super-
visor. The effect of the explosion was to break all the
windows of the house and damage the brickwork. The bed-
room window of the supervisor was destroyed, but the officer
himself escaped injury.

Another bomb fell in a garden, but no one was hurt. A
third fell in the gardens at the back of some cottages, but here
again every one escaped except a young girl, who received
a small flesh wound. The other bombs did not drop near
inhabited houses. Two buried themselves in a meadow and
another wrecked a fowl-house, killing several chickens.

It is also reported that three bombs were dropped on the
village of Heybridge, falling in the village square.

Harwich, 3 A.M.

ibid. An airship passed over Harwich about one o'clock at a con-

siderable height, coming from the sea. It passed over Felix-
stowe and went in the direction of Ipswich. The aircraft
showed no lights, but was clearly seen by several policemen,
a fireman, and workmen, and the noise of her engine was
distinctly heard. No bombs were dropped on Harwich.

Clacton-on-Sea, April 16, 2 A.M.

ibid. Considerable excitement was caused here at midnight by

the sound of an aircraft engine. From the sea front the form
of a Zeppelin could be clearly seen moving along the coastline
in a southerly direction. It disappeared across the Thames

Estuary.

Wells, 3 A.M.

ibid. An airship passed over here about two this morning. It

proceeded along the coastline from west to east, but no
bombs were dropped.

358

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Amsterdam, April 15.

The Telegraaf learns from the Islands of Vlieland and ibid.
Terschelling that a Zeppelin was seen going west at six this
evening.

Berlin.

During the night of April 15 to 16, naval airships success- K.V.,
fully dropped bombs on several defended places on the south- APril l6>
eastern English coast. Before and during the attacks the
airships were vigorously shelled. They returned undamaged.
The Acting Chief of the Admiral Staff,

BEHNCKE.

Ipswich, April 16.

Whatever may have been the case on the north-east coast, Times,
a tour in the track of the Suffolk raider makes it apparent APril I7»
that, unless he completely lost his way, he had no immediate I9I5*
military object in view. The Zeppelin was first sighted at
Southwold shortly after midnight, and disappeared over the
sea from Lowestoft about an hour later. It made an exten-
sive circular tour over a considerable area, dropping in-
cendiary bombs freely and explosive bombs sparingly ; but
the efforts of its crew were devoted mainly to an attack on
Henham Hall, a few miles from Southwold, where there are
in hospital a number of wounded soldiers, some of whom
have only this week arrived in this country. Fortunately
the aim of the Germans was most erratic, and, though they
launched twenty-three incendiary bombs and two explosive
bombs, the majority were not within 100 or 200 yards of the
hospital and the farthest quite 400 yards from it, though
within the grounds. No damage was done.

At Lowestoft the raiders were more successful, and the
back parts of a number of houses in Denmark Road were
wrecked. The only loss of life reported was that of three
horses, two chickens, and one sparrow. Elsewhere there was
nothing but some holes in the ground, broken windows, doors
torn from their hinges, and a gossiping countryside to tell
of the passage of the invaders. These broken windows and
damaged doors were regarded lightly by the cottagers, who
were the principal sufferers, and their feeling was rather of
astonishment than dismay. ' I Ve lived in this house nigh

359

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

nineteen years/ one bewildered man declared, ' and nobody
has ever played me such a trick before/

At Henham Hall there is a disposition to regard the half-
hour of danger in the early hours of this morning as an amusing
interlude in the monotonous life of a wounded soldier. The
nurses from the moment of the first explosion devoted their
attention to the patients, not even leaving them for a moment
to inquire what was happening. Other nurses accompanied
Lady Stradbroke into the park, where for a minute or two
they were mistaken by the park-keepers as allies of the
attacking forces.

It is believed by some that this prolonged attack was not
intentional. A possible explanation is that the raiders lost
their way and, mistaking the local stream for the Waveney,
assumed that Henham Hall was Lowest oft. The airship
circled over Southwold when it first arrived as if seeking
some clue to its whereabouts. The warm reception which it
received led to the substitution of explosive for incendiary
bombs before it moved off to Henham Hall ; here it circled
for half an hour ; visited Halesworth and Holton in its search
for features by which it might identify its position ; it came
back to drop more bombs on Henham Hall, then proceeded
by way of Southwold and Wrentham to Lowest oft.

The prodigality with which incendiary bombs were thrown
in preference to explosive bombs, and the fact that one or
other of the small searchlights carried by the airship was in
almost constant use certainly suggests that the crew were not
sure of their whereabouts. I noticed particularly also that,
while villages which could probably be clearly distinguished
and upon which the searchlight was turned were passed over
without attack, the majority of the buildings at which
explosive bombs were aimed were situated within short dis-
tances of pools of water.

Shortly before midnight on Thursday a Zeppelin was
observed on the Essex coast, and at 12.20 it was seen to
approach Maldon along the line of the river Blackwater. It
circled the town at a low altitude, and then began to drop
bombs. Four of these fell in Spital Road, two in Fambridge
Road, and seven in the adjoining parish of Heybridge.
360

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

One of the bombs landed on a workshop at the back of
the house of a man named Foreman in Spital Road, and the
building was destroyed. Fifty yards from the workhouse in
the same road a bomb containing shrapnel fell in a meadow,
making a hole 5 feet deep and riddling a fence with bullet
holes. Another bomb struck the house of the supervisor at
the post-office, and part of the side was blown out. The
occupants of the house were asleep and escaped injury.

The Maldon police have received no report of any personal
injuries, but an old hen was killed.

ENEMY SEAPLANE OVER KENT

F aver sham, April 16.

A German aeroplane flew over Kent this afternoon, and Times,
dropped nine bombs on Faversham and Sittingbourne without April
doing any damage. The machine was first sighted from Deal, I9I5-
shortly before twelve o'clock, flying at a great height. It
visited Faversham, Sittingbourne, and Sheerness in turn, went
across the Isle of Sheppey, turned inland once again, and
flew over Canterbury, disappearing a few minutes before one
o'clock. A British aeroplane set out in search of the enemy.

The course taken was so erratic that for some time it was
believed that there were two aeroplanes. Its movements
were largely directed by the opposition it encountered.
Sheerness and Chatham were undoubtedly its main objec-
tives. It was easily driven off from the neighbourhood of
Faversham. It approached Faversham from the south-west,
described a wide semi-circle, and then continued its irregular
course. Later a British aeroplane set out in pursuit. The
German at once made off, and, travelling at a great pace,
was socn out of sight of Faversham. An exciting chase fol-
lowed. The German had an excellent start, and by flying
at an altitude which at times reached 8000 feet or 9000 feet,
it was able to make the task of the pursuer very difficult.

Four ordinary bombs and one incendiary bomb were
thrown at Faversham. The second bomb fell in the edge of
the Mall cricket ground, within a few yards of the Ashford
Road. One of the exploding missiles was thrown in the
middle of the road, but did nothing but make a small pit
in the surface. The Rev. S. H. Chapman, chaplain of the

361

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

almshouses, and Police-Constable Hopper had narrow escapes.
The third bomb fell in the cricket-field at the Mount, near
a South-Eastern level crossing. A signal-box was missed by
a few yards only. The fourth bomb alighted in a garden at
Preston village. The fifth buried itself in a fruit plantation
at Macned Park.

Lord Harris, Vice-lieutenant of the county, who lives in
the neighbourhood, tells me that the people of Faversham
were in no alarm at the visitation, and that, like the people
of Sittingbourne, instead of taking to cellars, as they had
been advised to do in the event of an air raid, they crowded
into the streets and watched the movements of the German
machine as if it had been a flying exhibition given for their
special benefit. The aeroplane flew over the town and dis-
trict for about five minutes.

The only damage done at Sittingbourne by the raider was
the killing of a blackbird, which was sitting on the bough of
an apple-tree. The tree was uprooted in an orchard. ' The
body of the victim ! ' said a non-commissioned officer who
discovered the dead bird. Another bomb fell near Crayalls
Farm, while three more fell in Gorecourt Park.

It seems probable, judging by the course taken by the
Taube, that the machine came from Zeebrugge.

The machine is described as a biplane fitted with floats.
The opinion is held that it was on a scouting expedition.

At Deal, shortly before one o'clock, the buzz of an aeroplane
caused many of the inhabitants to go into the street and
stare at the clouds, but nothing was to be seen, even with
the aid of telescopes, as there were heavy banks of clouds.
People at Kingsdown, a little village two miles away, claimed
to have seen a German aeroplane emerge from the clouds,
and they say that it came south at a great height — a mere
speck in the sky — and was apparently travelling towards
Dunkirk. Shortly afterwards a number of British airmen
were seen giving chase.

GREEK STEAMER SUNK BY GERMANS

Amsterdam, April 18.

Times, Another case of torpedoing a neutral ship without warning is

April 19, reported to-day. The victim is a Greek ship, the Ellispontos.
362

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The crew of the Ellispontos, numbering twenty-one, and
the Dutch pilot, were saved, and have arrived at Flushing.
The Ellispontos, a steamship of 3000 tons, belonged to the
shipping firm of Embiricos, and was registered at Andros.

A member of the crew stated that the ship passed the
North Hinder lightship at 3 o'clock on Saturday (April 17).
Five miles farther on a submarine, whose nationality was un-
known, was observed. At ten minutes past four a torpedo
was discharged at the ship, and struck her in No. 2 hold,
blowing up the chart room where the captain was, and
wounding him.

The North Hinder lightship's crew stated that two English
steam trawlers were attacked yesterday by German airmen
with bombs. Eight bombs were thrown, but all missed.

Amsterdam, April 19.

The Flushing correspondent of the Telegraaf to-night saw Times,
the Greek Consul, who substantially confirmed the narrative APril 20>
already despatched about the sinking by a German submarine I^1^'
of the Greek steamer Ellispontos.

The Consul had visited the hospital and seen the captain
of the Ellispontos, who has undergone an operation. A large
ship's bolt had entered the captain's head above the temple
and penetrated the brain. He is still under anaesthetics, and
his condition is very grave. The crew temporarily remains
in Flushing, where shelter and necessaries have been provided
for them.

Athens, April 22.

The torpedoing, apparently without any previous warning, Times,
of the Greek steamer Ellispontos by a German submarine on APril 23,
April 17, in the vicinity of the Dutch coast, has caused the
greatest indignation in Greece, and will probably lead to a
claim against Germany. The entire Press condemns the
incident as an act of barbarism. The Embros says, ' Greece
will give her real reply in a few days.' — Renter.

Athens, April 24.

The German Government, replying to the Greek overtures Times,
on the subject of the sinking of the steamer Ellispontos by April- 26,

363

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

a German submarine, has declared itself willing to express
regret and to indemnify Greece for the loss sustained if the
inquiry instituted by the German General Staff has estab-
lished that the steamer was really sunk by a German sub-
marine.— Exchange Telegraph Co.

Athens, June 6.

Times, The German Government has admitted the responsibility

June 8, of the commander of the submarine which torpedoed the
I9I5- Greek steamer Ellispontos in the North Sea, and has agreed

to compensate the company owning the steamer.

Two experts, one Greek and one German, will be appointed
to determine the amount due. — Renter.

TURKISH WARSHIP DESTROYED

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty on Saturday, April 19,

April 19, made the following announcement :

I9I5- The transport Manitou, carrying British troops, was

attacked by a Turkish torpedo-boat in the ^Egean this morn-
ing. The Turkish boat fired three torpedoes, all of which
missed. The torpedo-boat then made off, chased by a British
cruiser (the Minerva) and destroyers, and was finally run
ashore and destroyed on the coast of Chios, in Kalammuti
Bay. The crew have been made prisoners. It is reported
that about a hundred men on board the transport have lost
their lives through drowning, but full particulars have not
yet been received.

The Secretary of the Admiralty late last night made the
following announcement :

A further report shows that the loss of life on board the
transport Manitou is less than was at first reported. It
appears to have been due to one boat capsizing in the water,
and another while being lowered owing to the breaking of a
davit. Twenty-four men were drowned, and their bodies have
been identified. Twenty-seven are missing. The transport
herself was undamaged.

364

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

Yesterday a flotilla of enemy torpedo-boats attempted to K.V.,
approach the Dardanelles. Two enemy torpedo-boats were April 19,
hit for certain by our fire. Whereupon the flotilla withdrew. I9I5-
A Turkish airman dropped bombs successfully on the enemy
ships whilst on a reconnoitring flight over Tenedos, and
returned safely in spite of the fire which was opened against it.
The Turkish torpedo-boat Timur Hissar attacked the English
transport Manitou with complete success on April 17 in the
^Egean Sea. The English Admiralty admits that 100 English
soldiers of this transport were drowned. Our torpedo-boat
was then pursued by English cruisers and torpedo-boat
destroyers as far as Chios. The crew of the Timur Hissar
blew up the ship to prevent it falling into the hands of the
enemy. The crew was received in a very friendly way by the
Greek authorities.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : We have subsequently ascertained K.V.,
that amongst the six enemy torpedo-boats which attempted April 2°.
to penetrate into the Straits of the Dardanelles during the night I9I5-
before last, there were also four mine-sweepers, and that two
of these enemy boats were sunk in the Straits after being hit
by our shells.

SUBMARINE ASHORE

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : April 19,

' The British submarine E 75, while attempting a difficult I9I5-
reconnaissance of the Kephez mine-field, in the Dardanelles,
yesterday ran ashore on Kephez Point.

According to an official communique, published at Con-
stantinople, the officers and men have been rescued and made
prisoners.

The Secretary of the Admiralty announces that the follow- Times,
ing officers and men of submarine E 75, officially reported April 23,
missing, are unofficially reported prisoners of war : I9I5-

365

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

OFFICERS.

Lieutenant-Commander Theodore S. Brodie.
Lieutenant Edward J. Price.

Acting Sub-Lieutenant, R.N.R., Geoffrey J. F. Fitzgerald.
Temporary Lieutenant, R.N.V.R., Charles E. S. Palmer.

MEN.

Barter, Henry John, Able Seaman ; Bond, James, Acting
Leading Stoker ; Brennan, Patrick, Able Seaman ; Cornish,
Frederick John, Able Seaman ; Ellis, Albert Henry, E.R.A.,
4th Class ; Geens, James, Stoker, ist Class ; Gingell, Frederick
John, Able Seaman ; Gosling, Charles Emil, Leading Stoker ;
Hindman, Ernest Valetta, E.R.A., 2nd Class ; Horn, Charles,
Leading Signalman ; Housman, Arthur, Able Seaman ; Howes,
William, Stoker, ist Class ; Kenchington, Sidney James
Cromwell, Petty Officer ; Lockerbie, John Biggar, Able
Seaman ; M'Donagh, John Joseph, Stoker, ist Class ; May,
Alfred Edward, Telegraphist ; Mitchell, Ernest Henry,
Stoker Petty Officer ; Norman, William, E.R.A., 3rd Class ;
O'Neill, Thomas, Stoker, ist Class ; Rogers, Herbert James,
Able Seaman ; Shepard, John, Petty Officer ; Stratford,
Charles Henry, Stoker, ist Class ; Tapper, James Henry
Nash, Stoker, ist Class ; Todd, Samuel Bishop, Acting
Chief E.R.A., 2nd Class ; Trimmer, Henry William, Leading
Seaman ; Williams, George, Petty Officer ; Williams, William
Thomas George, Stoker, ist Class.

The following casualties are also reported.

H.M.S. Majestic — Hooper, Thomas, Armourer (Pensioner),
killed. H.M.S. Albion— Rowe, William, Seaman, R.N.R.,
died of wounds.

Times, The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following

April 21, announcement : —

The submarine E 75, which grounded on Kephez Point last
Saturday, appears to have been in danger of falling into the
enemy's hands in a serviceable condition, and great efforts
were made by the Turks to secure her.

Attempts to destroy her by the long-range fire of battle-
ships failed. During the night of the i8th two picket boats,
that of H.M.S. Triumph, under Lieutenant-Commander
366

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Eric Robinson, who commanded the expedition, assisted by
Lieutenant Arthur Brooke Webb, R.N.R., and Midshipman
John Woolley, and that of H.M.S. Majestic, under Lieutenant
Claude Godwin, both manned by volunteer crews, attacked
the submarine. The boats were subjected to a very heavy
fire, estimated at over 200 rounds, from fort No. 8, which was
only a few hundred yards distant, and a number of smaller
guns at short range. Notwithstanding this, the submarine
was torpedoed and rendered useless. The Majestic s picket
boat was holed and sunk, but the crew were saved by the other
boat, and the only casualty was one man, who died of his
wounds.

Vice-Admiral De Robeck speaks in the highest terms of
all concerned in this gallant enterprise. Lieutenant-Com-
mander Eric Robinson has been promoted Commander by
the Admiralty, and a report has been called for on the in-
dividual services of the other officers and men, with a view to
their recognition.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : Yesterday afternoon an enemy K.V.,
seaplane was damaged by our fire and fell into the sea before April 17,
Sazli Liman while flying across the Gulf of Saros. A second I9I5-
seaplane, which settled on the sea in order to save the first,
was sunk by our fire. The English armoured ship Lord
Nelson and a mothership for seaplanes were hit by shells when
drawing near. The Lord Nelson withdrew. The mothership
for seaplanes, which was towing the damaged seaplane, also
withdrew. The English submarine Ei$ was sunk in the
Straits of the Dardanelles east of Kavanlik Liman. Of the
crew, composed of thirty-one men, three officers and twenty-
one men were saved and taken prisoner ; amongst their
number was the former English Vice-Consul in the Dardanelles,

May 13.

A Turkish newspaper, published in French, gives the
following official account of the sinking of the E 75 :

The British submarine E 75, one of the most recent type,
which we have just destroyed, left Plymouth on April 15 in
tow of a cruiser. After staying at Gibraltar for a night the

367

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

E 75 came by way of Malta to Mudros Harbour, in the Isle
of Lemnos. Here she stayed six days, and another day at
Tenedos.

Leaving Tenedos at midnight the E 15 entered the Straits
at about 2.20 A.M. Ten minutes later she dived to escape our
searchlights. Driven shorewards by the strong current, the
vessel touched ground, part of the deck being above the
surface of the sea.

The first shot from our batteries, fired at half-past six in
the morning, destroyed the conning tower and killed the
commander, whilst a second struck the electric batteries.
The crew was then faced with the necessity of abandoning
the vessel, but our fire, which was kept up in order to prevent
the submarine diving again, killed three and wounded seven
others. Mr. Palmer, the British Vice-Consul at Tchanak Kale,
who was amongst the prisoners, states that he was an officer
of reserve.

Enemy aeroplanes, on learning of the mishap to the E 15,
flew over the Straits searching for the vessel. They threw
bombs on the piles resembling periscopes which had been
placed in the sea to deceive our opponents, and which they
imagined might belong to the submarine. The object was, of
course, to prevent the submarine falling into our hands.

The crew of the E 75 threw themselves into the water.
Turkish troops in the neighbourhood launched boats and
went to their rescue. The wounded were taken to hospital, and
they have expressed their astonishment at the humane treat-
ment which they have received. — Renter.

RUSSIAN OPERATIONS IN BLACK SEA

Petrograd, April 20.
The following official statement is issued here :

The first flotilla of our torpedo-boat destroyers in the Black
Sea bombarded the Turkish positions at Arkhan, near the
villages of Sumi and Vitze, correcting the fire of our gunners on
shore.

A semi-official communication from Sebastopol says :

Our torpedo-boats, cruising off the Anatolian coast on the
366

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

i8th and igth inst., sank ten vessels laden with ammunition
and stores. They then approached Arkhan, where they
shelled the Turkish positions, causing a panic among the
Turkish troops. — Renter.

ALLEGED LOSS OF BRITISH SUBMARINE

Amsterdam, April 22.

A Berlin official telegram says : —

The Admiralty Staff states that British submarines have
recently been repeatedly observed in the Heligoland Bight.
They were attacked by German forces, and a hostile sub-
marine was sunk on April 17. It is probable that other sub-
marines have been destroyed, but this cannot be ascertained
with certainty. — Renter.

STATEMENT BY MR. CHURCHILL

There has been no naval action of any kind in the North Morning
Sea during the last month, nor has there been any action of
any kind in the Dardanelles other than local bombardment
and reconnaissances by single ships.

Since the i6th of last month up to the present moment
there have only been two or three men hit at the Dardanelles,
and no loss or injury to, French or British ships.

All rumours to the contrary are untrue and baseless.

THE VANILLA SUNK

The Secretary of the Admiralty made the following Times,
announcement last night : — APril 20»

To-day a German submarine sank by a torpedo the trawler
Vanilla.

The trawler Fermo endeavoured to rescue the crew, but
she was fired at and driven off. All hands on the Vanilla
were lost.

This killing of fisher-folk for no military purpose should
not escape attention. It is the second murder of this character
committed within a week.

Careful record is kept of these events.

NAVAL 4 2 A 369

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Times,
April 21,

Berlin, April 20.

The following statement is circulated through German
wireless stations : —

The captain of the trawler Fermo reports that the trawler
Vanilla was yesterday torpedoed by a German submarine.
The Vanilla was blown to pieces, and sank immediately.
The Fermo, which was three hundred yards away, went to the
assistance of the crew of the Vanilla, but the submarine drove
it off by its fire, which, however, missed its mark.

Of course, the facts, in accordance with English practice,
are quite falsified. The truth is that the trawler intended to
ram the submarine, but, of course, it failed, and so it is re-
presented as having been prevented from accomplishing its
life-saving mission on behalf of the crew of the sunken trawler.

OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL MARINES

House of Lords, April 20.

Hansard. LORD LATYMER had on the Paper a Notice to move for a

return of the number and rank of — (i) Naval officers attached
to the Land Expeditionary Force ; (2) Efficient officers of the
Royal Marines at present unemployed.

The noble Lord said : My Lords, the two parts of the
motion standing in my name are very closely connected, as
any one who knows the history of the Royal Marines will be
aware ; but as I have reason for thinking that my motion
in its present double form is not likely to be accepted by the
Government, I wish to withdraw the first part relating to
naval officers attached to the Land Expeditionary Force and
merely to ask for a return of the number- and rank of effi-
cient officers of the Royal Marines at present unemployed.
Hints are constantly being thrown out that in these difficult
times any questions relating to military or naval affairs,
and I suppose to Royal Marine affairs, are out of place. I
cannot, however, agree with that doctrine in the present
instance. I am not asking for the names of Marine officers
who are unemployed, but merely for their number and rank.
Not only is it in my opinion harmless, but I am bound to
say I think it is decidedly to the public benefit, that this
question should be answered ; and I cannot see that I am
37°

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

in any way embarrassing the Admiralty in asking for in-
formation which it cannot possibly take five minutes to
find out.

It is common knowledge to us all that at the present
time as many efficient officers are required as can possibly
be obtained. Therefore it does seem on the face of it an
extraordinary thing that a body of highly trained and physi-
cally fit men who are available to serve their country and who
are of high rank in their own particular line of service should
be apparently left without any work to do at all, unless it
be an inferior place in a wireless telegraph station or recruiting
office, or some inferior post of that kind. As far as my
information goes — and it is fairly authentic — there are about
thirty of these men, who, as I am told, are ' efficient/ That,
I suppose, means that they have gone through all the neces-
sary military training and experience and are also physically
able to perform service if they were required.

In one respect it does not signify very much whether this
motion is received or not, because if the Government will not
give any information on the subject, one must draw one's
own conclusion. It is impossible to imagine that these men
are kept in the background because of any inefficiency on
their part. Therefore there must be other reasons for the
Admiralty not recommending them for military service. I
will not venture to enter into what those reasons may be, but
I am quite sure they will be present to the minds of all noble
Lords who are conversant with the history of the Marines
and the relation between the Admiralty and the Marines for
the last hundred years. To put this motion is really for the
public benefit. I say so because officers are most certainly
required at the present time. Why should the public have
been put to the expense of having these men highly trained
for many years past if at the end of all that expense they are
to be left on the shelf with nothing to do ? I acknowledge at
once that if my motion as amended is accepted, the next step
will be to ask why these officers have been left in this position
of idleness. On the other hand, if the Admiralty do not
wish to give any answer to this question, noble Lords will, no
doubt, take for granted that they do not wish to give the
reasons. I beg to move.
" Moved, That there be laid before the House a return of

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A

the number and rank of efficient officers of the Royal Marines
at present unemployed. — (Lord Latymer.)

The FIRST COMMISSIONER OF WORKS (LORD EMMOTT) :
My Lords, I am grateful to the noble Lord for not pressing
for the information which he desired to obtain under heading
No. (i) of the motion which stands on the Paper, but I am
sorry that I cannot meet him even on the question of the
return which he asks for under the heading of ' Efficient
officers of the Royal Marines at present unemployed/ The
noble Lord has expressed the opinion that it would be for
the public benefit that this information should be given, but
I am bound to tell him and the House that, in the opinion of
the Admiralty, such details cannot be given at the present
time with any public advantage. As the motion stands on
the Paper, I do not know exactly how it could be given effect
to. For I do not know precisely what ' efficient ' means.
But even if I could agree with the noble Lord that ' efficient '
means properly trained men and men who are physically
fit, even if we could agree on some definition, still I fear the
return could not be granted. The noble Lord has spoken of
the history of the Royal Marines during the last hundred
years. So far as this is an old complaint, I think it can well
stand over until after the -war. So far, however, as the
complaint which the noble Lord makes refers specially to this
war, to give the numbers, as he now asks us to do, without
the names would, I think, be of no use ; and to give the
names for public use, and in a form which would possibly
lead to public discussion of a most undesirable kind, would be
very unwise. This much, and this much only, I can say to
the noble Lord. If he has any cases of individual hardship
which he thinks require reconsideration, I promise, on behalf
of my right hon. friend the First Lord of the Admiralty,
that they shall be inquired into. Otherwise I must beg of
him to leave this matter at any rate until the war is over, for
during the war the Admiralty cannot see its way to grant
this return.

The EARL OF SELBORNE : My Lords, I have no knowledge
of the facts of this case, but what I understand the noble
Lord alleges is that there are efficient officers of the Royal
Marines who are at the present moment unemployed. By
' efficient ' he means officers who are physically efficient,
372

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

because if they were not otherwise efficient they would not
still be in the Royal Marines. He may be completely in
error. There may be no such officers. But if there are it
seems to me a most astonishing fact, when we remember
that in the Army not only is every officer who in a similar
sense may be called efficient employed, but every officer is
utilised who has retired within the last twenty years and has
had the patriotism to come forward. Moreover, in important
commands — those of battalions and brigades — officers are
employed who have never been in the Army itself and who
can only be described as zealous amateurs. Therefore I
throw out as a suggestion that if there are Marine officers who
are at present unemployed or not doing service in positions
corresponding to their rank, the Admiralty might apply to
the War Office and the War Office might be very glad to employ
them.

LORD LATYMER : I intended to include in the term ' effi-
cient ' not only those Marine officers at present actively con-
nected with the Royal Marines, but also those who are on
the Reserve or retired.

Motion, by leave, withdrawn.

CONTRABAND (RAW COTTON)

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

SIR JOHN LONSDALE asked the Secretary of State for Hansard.
Foreign Affairs if it is intended to declare raw cotton absolute
contraband ?

SIR E. GREY : I must refer the hon. gentleman to the
reply returned to the hon. member for the Devizes Division
of Wiltshire on the I4th instant,1 wherein it was explained 1 [See
why cotton had not been declared contraband. P- 349-]

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

MR. SAMUEL SAMUEL asked the Secretary of State for ibid.
Foreign Affairs why 1000 tons of copra shipped by the Com-
pania General de Tabacos de Filipinas from the Philippine
Islands on board the steamship Harbury, and consigned to
the Oleifici Nazionali of Genoa, for discharge at Savona, has

373

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

been ordered by the Government to proceed to Marseilles
instead, seeing that the representatives of the company in
London have furnished certificates, attested before the British
Consul, and necessary documents to prove that neither the
copra nor the oil will be re-exported frdm Italy ; whether
these documents were sent on the 24th March to the Foreign
Office and have never been acknowledged or returned ; is it
the intention of His Majesty's Government to stop all inter-
national trade ; and will he state why 2000 tons of copra
by the steamship Benlawers, consigned to Hull, on arrival in
Marseilles was allowed to proceed to Savona to discharge
instead of HuU ?

SIR E. GREY : The answer to the first question is that
the copra specified by the hon. member was not the only, or
indeed the principal, part of the vessel's cargo ; that it was
consigned 'to order/ and liable, therefore, to seizure under
1 [See the Order in Council of 2Qth October 1914 ; x and that it
Naval i, was no-^ as suggested in the question, accompanied by the
P- 352-J necessary documents to prove that neither the copra nor the
oil would be re-exported from Italy. The answer to the
second question is that certain documents were sent to the
Foreign Office on 24th March, and that, although the company
referred to has addressed repeated subsequent communica-
tions to the Department, it was not till I5th April that full
particulars respecting the cargo were obtained ; immediately
on the receipt of the documents forwarded on 24th March,
His Majesty's Government, observing that the shippers had
not paid due regard to the Order in Council of 2Qth October,
placed themselves in communication with the Italian Govern-
ment with a view to the introduction of an effective pro-
hibition of export of copra and its products from Italy, and,
as a result of the successful issue of these negotiations, all
objection on the part of the British authorities to the dis-
charge of the Italian cargo is removed and the shipowners
have been so informed. The answer to the third question is
in the negative ; it is the intention of His Majesty's Govern-
ment to check all contraband and enemy trade, but, subject
to this paramount necessity, to interfere as little as possible
with neutral commerce ; that the negotiations above referred
to with the Italian Government are a concrete evidence of
their desire to assist such trade, and the omission of the
374

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

shippers and shipowners in this case is a typical example of
the delays caused by failure to pay due regard to official
published statements. The answer to the last question is
that the authorisation to allow the steamship Benlawers to
proceed from Marseilles to Savona did not proceed from His
Majesty's Government, who are unaware of the circumstances.

INTERNED STEAMERS (FREIGHT CHARGES)

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

MR. RONALD M'NEILL asked the Prime Minister whether Hansard.
his attention has been called to a circular recently issued by
the chairman of the South Metropolitan Gas Company, in
which complaint is made that whereas the Government pay
from 35. 6d. to 45. per ton for steamships requisitioned for
Government use, they charge no less than los. per ton to
traders for the use of interned enemy ships, thus setting a
bad example to shipowners, which tends to keep up the
price of freights and, consequently, the price of coal to the
consumers ; if he will say who is responsible for fixing the
prices for the use of interned enemy ships ; and why the
prices are fixed at a higher rate than those paid by the Govern-
ment for the use of commercial vessels requisitioned for His
Majesty's service ?

The PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (MR. RUNCIMAN) :
I have seen the circular issued by the South Metropolitan Gas
Company. The rates of freight charged for the interned
steamers are settled for each voyage by the managers at New-
castle with regard to the state of the market at the time,
and the managers act under general instructions from the
Admiralty and Board of Trade to the effect that the rates
for the interned steamers are to be below rather than above
the market rates, and lead the market in a downward direc-
tion. It was not considered practicable to follow the pro- »
cedure laid down for fixing the rates of hire in the case of
commercial vessels requisitioned by the Transport Depart-
ment of the Admiralty.

MR. R. M'NEILL : Can the right hon. gentleman say
whether, as a matter of fact, the figures given in the circular
were or were not correct ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : If the circular was intended to convey

375

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the impression that IDS. is the rate now being paid for the
use of interned steamers carrying coal to London, the circular
was incorrect. At one time the rate did average ios., but it
has been much below that for a long time past.

ENEMY ALIENS AND STRIKES

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

Hansard. SIR J. LONSDALE asked the Prime Minister whether, having

regard to the information in the possession of the intelligence
department of the Admiralty, that there is an extensive con-
spiracy being carried out by German agents in this country
to foment strikes among workmen in order to hamper the
performance of war contracts, the Government intend to
impose any further restrictions upon the large number of
enemy aliens allowed to remain at large in the United
Kingdom ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR.
MACNAMARA) : The possibility of such influences as those
mentioned in the question being at work requires vigilant
attention. Ample powers are, however, provided under the
Defence of the Realm Act and other Regulations to deal
with enemy aliens, and no further steps are in contemplation.

MR. C. DUNCAN : Can the right hon. gentleman say
whether there is the slightest conceivable evidence of any
attempt being made in this direction in regard to the work-
people of this country ?

DR. MACNAMARA : It manifestly is not in the public
interest to make a statement.

BRITISH AND NEUTRAL MERCHANT SHIPS
(SUBMARINE ATTACKS)

ibid. COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the Admir-

alty the number of vessels of the Allies and neutral Powers
which have been sunk, chased, or stopped by German sub-
marines off Beachy Head since ist February ?

MR. CHURCHILL : No, sir ; it is not desirable to give
information on this subject. All the results of the submarine
attacks on British and neutral merchant ships are carefully
examined, and the necessary directions to the mercantile
marine are given by the Admiralty.
376

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ROYAL NAVY

ENGINEER OFFICERS (HONOURS AND
PROMOTIONS)

COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the Admir- ibid.
alty, in view of the fact that a number of honours have already
been distributed, whether he can state what honours or pro-
motions have been awarded up to I5th April to the engineer
officers who were mentioned in despatches for the three naval
battles which have been fought in the war ?

MR. CHURCHILL : Engineer- Lieutenant-Commander Edward
H. T. Meeson, of the Laurel, was awarded the D.S.O. for
service in the action of the 28th August 1914. Engineer-
Commander D. P. Green was promoted to Engineer-Captain
for services in the Lion, in the action of the 24th January
1915. The following officers have been noted for early pro-
motion : — Engineer - Lieutenant - Commanders A. Hill, His
Majesty's ship Laertes ; F. A. Butler, His Majesty's ship
Liberty] G. Preece, His Majesty's ship Lion .; J. F. Shaw,
His Majesty's ship Invincible ; E. H. T. Meeson, His Majesty's
ship Laurel.

ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN

MR. CATHCART WASON asked the First Lord of the Admir- ibid.
alty if he is aware that a man who has been legally judged
the father of an illegitimate child and condemned to pay
aliment has escaped his liability by joining the Navy ; whether
in view of the fact that the War Office in like cases have power
to deduct and do deduct monthly a certain amount from a
soldier's pay and remit to the mother, he will ascertain whether
the power of the Admiralty is equal to that of the War Office
in the administration of justice and upholding the decisions
of courts of law ; and, if not, whether he proposes to take
any action in the matter ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I am not aware of any specific case
similar to that to which the hon. member alludes. As regards
the power of making compulsory stoppages from the pay of
sailors for the purpose suggested, the Admiralty can only
obtain powers similar to those of the War Office by means
of legislation, and as in the majority of cases which occur

377

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Hansard.

1 [See
Naval 3,
P. 3870

ibid.

in the Navy it is found possible to persuade men to accept
their liabilities voluntarily, I am not at present prepared to
ask for legislative powers.

PRIZE MONEY

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

LORD C. BERESFORD asked whether the Admiralty will
make a statement with regard to the distribution of prize
money ; and whether it is proposed to treat men who served
through the whole of the war on the same terms as those who
may join within a few weeks of its close ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The question continues to receive the
close attention of the Government, but I am afraid that I am
not yet in a position to add to the statement which I made
to the House on the subject on i6th February last.1

MEDICAL OFFICERS

MR. GEORGE TERRELL asked the First Lord of the Admir-
alty whether medical officers who have withdrawn from the
Service previous to the war, and had received a gratuity on
the scale laid down in the .regulations now have deductions
made on their pay as representing interest on the amount of
such gratuity ; and whether, in the absence of any authority
for the making of such deductions, he will give instructions
that all such officers are to receive their pay in full ?

DR. MACNAMARA : It is a long established rule in the
Navy, that an officer in receipt of an annual retiring allow-
ance should cease to draw that allowance on becoming entitled
to full pay, etc., during re-employment, whether in peace or
war. The same principle is applied to officers who received
their retiring or withdrawing allowance in a lump sum, and
an amount representing the annual value of this gratuity is
accordingly abated from their active service emoluments.

MR.

MERCHANT SHIPS IN WAR SERVICE

ANDERSON asked whether the shipowners whose

vessels are in the employ of the Transport Department have
succeeded in obtaining an advance in the price paid for their
ships beyond the original determination ; whether the first
378

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

award was given by Lord Inchcape on the understanding
that it should not be regarded as a minimum on which to
build further claims ; whether the Arbitration Committee
appointed to adjust prices paid to shipowners consists almost
entirely of shipowners ; whether there is anything to justify
these fresh demands other than the freightage ruling in the
open market; and whether all the facts in regard to these
negotiations will be supplied to the House ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As indicated in reply to my hon. friend's
question of the i8th February last,1 shipowners have not l [See
obtained any advance in the price paid for their ships beyond Naval 3,
the original determination, except owners of oil tankers and p> 4°1*-'
tramp steamers, who have asked for higher rates to meet
altered circumstances since ist January. These requests have
received the careful consideration of the Board of Admir-
alty, and a fresh agreement has been arrived at with the
general body of these owners for moderate increases in rate,
to date from ist January ; but it has also been stipulated
that these rates shall obtain for all requisitioned steamers
during the period of the war. These agreements were made
with representative committees of the shipowners concerned,
and have since been confirmed individually by the large
majority of the owners. A certain section of the Glasgow
shipowners have up to the present not signified their concur-
rence. Rates for certain smaller steamers not covered by
these agreements are now under discussion. The increases
granted may be summarised roughly as follows : — In the
case of tramp steamers, the increase asked for was 33 per
cent. ; the increase granted, 16 per cent. Tank steamers asked
for from n per cent, to 39 per cent., according to size ;
granted, from 8 per cent, to 22 per cent. These settlements
are very favourable to the Government when compared
with the rates ruling in the market. After the expiry of a
short period certain, the Admiralty will have in all cases the
right to discharge the vessels on giving notice varying from a
fortnight to six weeks, according to the type of steamer ;
whereas, in the market, time charters are readily obtainable
for six, eight, or nine months at rates varying from 50 to
70 per cent, higher than the Admiralty rate. I should say
that shipowners in general have throughout these negotia-
tions approached the matter in a reasonable spirit and with

379

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

real regard to the special conditions created by the present
emergency.

Lord Inchcape was Chairman of certain Sub-Committees
of the Arbitration Board which, on 22nd October last, reported
to Lord Mersey, President of the Admiralty Transport Board
of Arbitration, for his information and advice, the basis,
general scale or rate at which payment to owners of ships
requisitioned for Government service should be assessed. In
forwarding these recommendations to the President, Lord
Inchcape stated that he trusted that the shipowners would
not look upon the rates as a minimum on which increases
might be built. The Board of Arbitration consists of seven-
teen panels, namely, Government nominees, shipowners (four
panels representing different types of steamers), cargo owners,
bankers, underwriters, marine insurance companies, insurance
brokers, average adjusters, and five panels representative of
officers, engineers, seamen, firemen, and stewards of the
mercantile marine. The Sub-Committees alluded to above
were drawn from these panels, including in each case a Govern-
ment representative. The increases lately granted are, it is
considered, justified on the ground of the very much increased
running expenses, especially the enhanced cost of stores, re-
pairs (including the abnormal delay in effecting them), and, in
the majority of vessels, of provisions. It is not considered
desirable in the public interest to publish the detailed proceed-
ings of the meetings between the representative committees
and the Admiralty. With this exception, the course of the
negotiations has been fully reported in the public Press.

ROYAL NAVY (CONSUMPTION OF RUM IN)

House of Commons, April 20, 1915-

Hansard. MR. HOGGE asked what was the consumption of rum in

the Navy in 1914, and the average age of such rum ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The figures for the year 1914 are not
complete, but during the year ending ist July 1914 the
quantity of rum issued in the Navy was 421,230 gallons.
The average age of the rum on issue is, so far as can be calcu-
lated, about eighteen months.

380

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ROYAL DOCKYARDS (PAY AND PRIVILEGES)

MR. FALLE asked the Secretary to the Admiralty if he ibid.
can grant to those dockyard employes who had three months'
service at Invergordon previous to Christmas 1914, the same
privileges as to railway passes as were granted to the Royal
Navy, Royal Marines, and Royal Naval Division — that is to
say, free passes ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Instructions have been issued to the
dockyards and to the senior naval officers of the distant
places at which dockyard men are employed away from their
homes, to the effect that men who have served away from
their homes for three months may be given railway passes
when it is convenient to grant them leave for the purpose of
visiting their homes.

MR. FALLE asked if it has been decided to accede to the
petition of the established and hired blockmakers, Ports-
mouth Dockyard, as regards increase of wages and the increase
of establishment from six to nine ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The wages of the blockmakers employed
at Portsmouth Dockyard have been increased by the amount
of the war increase awarded by the Committee on Production
in Engineering and Shipbuilding Establishments as from
28th March. No further advance to this class is in immediate
contemplation. The numbers to be allowed on the estab-
lished list are being considered in connection with the general
question of distribution of established numbers for all classes
employed in the dockyard.

MR. FALLE asked the Secretary to the Admiralty if he
can give the probable date at which the reply to the annual
petition of the employes of the Director of Works Depart-
ment, Portsmouth Dockyard, presented last May, may be
expected ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The replies to these petitions, except-
ing a few minor questions which still remain to be settled,
were issued to Portsmouth and other yards on the 5th instant.

LORD C. BERESFORD asked if the recent increase in wages
to joiners employed under the Director of Works will also be
given to bricklayers employed in the same department ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The case of the bricklayers emploved

"381

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

in the Director of Works Department was considered with
those of the other classes of dockyard employes, but having
regard to all the circumstances, it is not considered that any
increase in the rates for this class is warranted at present.
These bricklayers are, however, participating in the recent
general emergency advance of 35. a week to mechanics.

LORD C. BERESFORD asked whether the Admiralty are
going to review the subsistence allowance allowed to work-
men who are called upon temporarily to work outside the
Home yards, in order that the allowance should be the same
to skilled and ordinary labourers as that allowed to
mechanics ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The rate of subsistence allowance pay-
able in such cases is dependent upon the rate of pay, all men
whose day pay exceeds £100 a year being granted 75. 6d.
for the first fourteen nights and 55. a night thereafter, and
those on a lower scale of pay corresponding payments of 55.
and 35. 4d. a night. This rate is payable for seven days a
week, and is considered to be sufficient to cover all the
necessary expenses for board and lodging which it is in-
tended to meet.

WAR DEPARTMENT VESSELS (PETITIONS
OF CREWS)

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

Hansard. LORD C. BERESFORD asked the Financial Secretary to the

War Office whether the Committee appointed by the War
Office and the Admiralty to consider the petitions presented
by the crews of War Department vessels in September 1911,
have issued their Report ; and, if so, will the men concerned
be informed of the results of the committee's deliberations
in the same manner as that adopted by the Admiralty ?

MR. BAKER : The Committee referred to duly reported,
but other questions arose which involved a further inquiry
by the Admiralty. The proposals resulting from this inquiry
have only recently come into force. In the meantime steps
were taken to give a considerable temporary increase to the
wages of War Department crews. Now that the Admiralty
382

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

inquiry is complete, the question of its application to War
Department employes is under consideration.

EXAMINATION SERVICE (TYNE)

MR. HERBERT CRAIG asked the Financial Secretary to the ibid.
War Office whether he will state, in regard to the three vessels
employed in the examination service of the River Tyne, the
Southern Prince, the Ben Arthur, and the Great Emperor,
what was the original cost of each of these vessels ; what is the
present monthly rate of hire paid by the War Office ; what is
the total amount of hire earned by each vessel up to date, and
the name of the owner of each vessel ; and whether he can say
if any modification has yet been made in the terms upon which
these vessels are hired by the War Office so as to reduce the
disparity of cost as compared with similar vessels requisitioned
by the Admiralty ?

MR. BAKER : The information asked for by the hon.
member may be summarised as follows :

Present

Total

Original

Monthly

earned

Name of Owner.

Cost.

Rate of
Hire.

by each"
Vessel.

Southern Prince

£7,200

£500

£2,568

The Prince Fishing Co., Ltd.,

Union Road, North Shields.

Ben Arthur . .

7,000

500

2,568

Richard Irwin and Sons, Ltd.,

Union Road, North Shields.

Great Emperor .

8,OOO

510

6,422

The John Dry Steam Tugs,

Ltd., Mill Dam, S. Shields.

The rate of hire of the Great Emperor is being reduced to £450
per month from the 22nd instant, and that of the other two
vessels has been reduced considerably since they were first
hired. As the hon. member has recently been informed by
letter, it is impossible, with any degree of accuracy, to compare
the cost of hiring these trawlers with the cost of similar vessels
requisitioned by the Admiralty.

383

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ARMED GERMAN CRUISERS

House of Commons, April 20, 1915.

Hansard. COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the Secretary of State for

Foreign Affairs if he has any official information showing that
the repairs to the Prinz Eitel Friedrich included the use of the
port for cleaning her hull, thereby increasing her speed and her
chances of escape from British cruisers ; and, if such assistance
was given, whether we have any assurance that the Kronprinz
Wilhelm will only receive assistance to the extent of rendering
her seaworthy for a trip to a German port within a recognised
period of time ?

SIR E. GREY : Article 17 of the i3th Hague Convention of
1907 reads : —

' In neutral ports and roadsteads belligerent warships may only
carry out such repairs as are absolutely necessary to render them sea-
worthy, and may not add in any manner whatever to their fighting
force. The local authorities of the neutral Power shall decide what
repairs are necessary, and these must be carried out with the least
possible delay/

The German auxiliary cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich before her
internment, had her bottom cleaned and coated with non-
fouling composition while -in dry dock at Newport News,
thus considerably increasing her speed. His Maj esty 's Govern-
ment protested on the ground that the increase to her speed
(or radius of action, as the case might be) was an increase to
her fighting force such as the above quoted article forbids.
The United States Government refuse to admit this, consider-
ing that any damage sustained from the action of the sea and
not inflicted by the enemy may be made good. They also
called attention to the provision that the local authorities
of the neutral Power shall decide what repairs are necessary.

SUPPLIES TO ENEMY

ibid. MR. RAWLINSON asked the President of the Board of

Trade what are the exact steps which have been taken to

prevent the importation of cotton into Germany and Austria ?

SIR E. GREY : As stated in my reply to the hon. member

1 [See f°r Ealing to-day, every effort is being made, in accordance

p. 154.] with the terms of the Order in Council of nth March1 to

384

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

prevent any sea-borne commodities of all kinds from reaching
the enemy.

[There is no question asked by Mr. Nield, the member for Ealing,
and replied to by Sir Edward Grey, reported in Hansard of this day's
date ; nor does the Index to Hansard give any reference to such a
question and answer.]

DETENTION OF ENEMY SHIPS (INDIA)

MR. STEWART asked whether the Indian Government are ibid.
using a number of detained German steamers in commercial
trading and, at the same time, requisitioning in India for
Government service cargo liners usually employed in the
trade between India and this country, thereby causing delay
to cargo and increased charges to merchants, who have to
rearrange their freight engagements, which result in an in-
creased cost of goods to the consumers in this country ; and
whether the Indian Government can see its way to use
detained steamers for Government work and allow cargo
liners as far as possible to do their usual business ?

MR. C. ROBERTS : The Secretary of State is without
precise information on the matter, but understands that the
Indian Government has on occasions used detained enemy
ships for military work and on other occasions has allowed
them to be chartered for the conveyance of Indian merchandise
to this country. In thus disposing of the vessels the Indian
Government would seem to have been guided partly by the
relative urgency at the moment of military requirements and
of the requirements of Indian commerce — partly by the
greater suitability of a vessel for one purpose than for the
other. Some of these ships may, in the near future, be used
for the carriage of Indian wheat under the Indian Govern-
ment purchase scheme.

ANTI-AIRCRAFT FORCE

MR. NIELD asked the hon. member for the Saffron Walden ibid.
Division, as representing the First Commissioner of Works,

NAVAL 4 2 B 385

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

how many of the staff of the Department have enlisted in
the Anti- Aircraft Force ; how many of these men have been
withdrawn from their departmental work during official hours
by reason of their duties in the Aircraft Force, and for what
periods ; and whether a sum of 75. weekly or what sum has
been deducted by the Department from the salaries of these
persons, whether or not any official time has been lost by
them ?

MR. BECK : One hundred and thirty-four members of the
Office of Works staff are serving in the Anti-aircraft Corps.
They are regarded as being primarily at the disposal of the
Admiralty, but, as their duties have to be performed almost
entirely at night, there has, in fact, been little interference
with their civil duties. The sum of 75. weekly has been
deducted from their civil salaries, but the question what the
deduction should be in future is receiving further considera-
tion in view of changes recently made in the duties of the
force.

DARDANELLES

Constantinople.

K.V., Main Headquarters reports : Yesterday two enemy armoured

April 21, ships hurled over 100 shells at intervals and from a great
I9I5- distance at our batteries on the Dardanelles without success ;

the batteries did not think it necessary to reply to the fire.

The English who were encamped south of Ahvaz were
attacked early on the I2th instant by our troops and after a
fight lasting until the afternoon, were compelled to hide in the
entrenchments of their camp. The fire which was opened by
our artillery against four of their ships — two large and two
small ones — and against two motor boats, damaged two of
these ships. On our side one man was killed and ten
wounded. The enemy's losses are not yet known.

SUPPLEMENTARY LIEUTENANTS (PENSIONS)

House of Commons, April 21, 1915-

Hansard. SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the Ad-

miralty whether his attention has been called to the case of
386

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the twenty-four supplementary lieutenants who joined the
Service under Orders in Council, October 1895, and August
1898, with regard to an increase of pension after fifteen years
served for the maximum ; whether he is aware that in some
instances these officers are serving with retired commanders
junior to themselves on the active list, which means not only
a junior position but £180 a year less pay ; and whether he
will consider the possibility of placing these officers on the list
of lieutenant-commanders and, where the appointment justifies
it, promoting them to the rank of acting-commanders as a
reward for war services ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The answer to the first and second parts
of the question are in the affirmative. As regards the third
part, all the officers referred to are already lieutenant-com-
manders, but the acting rank of commander can only be
granted in exceptional cases when such higher rank is necessary
in the interests of the Service.

LIEUTENANTS-COMMANDER

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the Ad- ibid.
miralty whether he is aware that all the lieutenants-commander
of the 1898 entry who have reached the age limit of forty-five
have been called to active service as commanders, whereas
those who are still serving their country on the active list are
allowed to remain in an inferior position to their brother
officers who have served shorter periods ; and, if so, whether
he proposes to take any action in the matter?

DR. MACNAMARA : The answer to the first part of the
question is in the affirmative ; but an officer retired with the
rank of commander does not take command over a lieutenant-
commander who was senior to him on the active list. It is
not proposed to alter the regulations on the subject.

MINE-SWEEPING (HOPPER BARGES)

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the Ad- ibid.
miralty whether any petition has been received from men
employed on board the hoppers at Devonport engaged since
the outbreak of hostilities in mine-sweeping operations ;

387

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

whether he is aware that the rates of pay of these men in one
case compare unfavourably with the rates prevailing in others
at the same depot and engaged in a similar capacity, and can
he see his way to equalise matters in this respect ; and
whether he can explain why seamen on board the hoppers get
no allowance or compensation such as that given to other
seamen employed on similar work, nor have any guarantee
of compensation in the event of an accident involving loss of
life or limb other than that given in time of peace ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Admiralty has recently approved
payment to the crews of hopper barges employed on mine-
sweeping of rates of pay analogous to those authorised for
members of the Trawler Reserve, together with a victualling
allowance of is. 5d. a day, if the men are not victualled.
Compensation for loss of life or limb due to a war risk during
employment would be granted under the Injuries in War
Compensation Act, at rates corresponding to those granted
to the crews of fleet auxiliaries.

SHIPWRIGHTS (LEAVE)

House of Commons, April 21, 1915.

Hansard. SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the Ad-

miralty whether he is aware that shipwrights taken from
Devonport Dockyard to outside districts for the purpose of
effecting repairs to His Majesty's ships are unable to take their
leave owing to the cost of the journey home ; that one man
has four days now due to him but is unable to pay the amount
it would cost him to visit his wife and family ; and whether he
will consider the possibility of giving these men free passes to
their homes say, once every three or six months during the
period of their employment ?

1 [See DR. MACNAMARA : As I stated yesterday,1 in reply to the

p. 381.] hon. member for Portsmouth, instructions have been issued
to the dockyards and to the senior naval officers of the distant
places at which dockyard men are employed away from their
homes, to the effect that men who have served away from their
homes for three months may be given railway passes when it is
convenient to grant them leave for the purpose of visiting their
homes.
388

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

STOKER RATINGS (PROMOTION)

SIR CLEMENT KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the ibid.
Admiralty (i) whether he will give the number of stoker
ratings serving in the Navy when war broke out, and the
proportion of these ratings promoted during the preceding
twelve months to warrant rank as mechanicians ; and (2)
whether he is aware that the advertisements are appearing on
hoardings in London and elsewhere asking for stokers, on the
ground that this rating is eligible for advancement to warrant
commission and commission rank ; whether stoker ratings
are ineligible for any such promotion except as mechanicians ;
and, if so, whether he will cause the statement to be revised
and the actual position stated ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY (DR.
MACNAMARA) : The advertisement to which I presume the
hon. member refers indicates that, amongst other ratings,
stokers are required for the Royal Navy, and gives their
weekly rate of pay, besides free rations, as ranging from
us. 8d. to 405. lod. in the case of chief stokers and 455. 6d.
in the case of mechanicians. It further states, in a footnote,
that stoker ratings entered for continuous service are eligible
for advancement to warrant, commissioned warrant, and
commissioned ranks. The facts of the case are correctly
represented, and I see no grounds for altering the advertise-
ment. The respective numbers of stokers and mechanicians
are based entirely on the requirements of the Service, and I
do not think that any public purpose would be served by
giving detailed figures ; but naturally, mechanicians and
warrant mechanicians form but a small proportion of the
large number of stoker ratings serving.

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE : Is it not the fact that no stoker
in the Navy can obtain, as a stoker, warrant or commission
rank ?

ROYAL NAVY (DOCKYARDS)

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the ibid.
Admiralty whether he is aware that the deck hands employed
on dredging plant at Devonport are still only in receipt of

389

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

235. a week ; and will he explain why these men have not
participated in the general increase granted to the labourers
in the Royal dockyards ?

DR. MACNAMARA : This question has been under con-
sideration, and instructions have been issued that all deck
hands of dredging plant are to be advanced to the present
labourers' rate.

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the
Admiralty whether the Government proposes to grant a small
bonus for the period of the war to dockyard pensioners whose
pensions range from los. to £i a week, so as to enable them
to meet the increased cost of food ; 'and whether he is aware
that in many cases the man's pension is all he has to live
upon, and that in not a few cases other persons are dependent
upon him ?

DR. MACNAMARA : It is not proposed to make the augmen-
tations suggested by the hon. member.

Times,
April 23,

DARDANELLES

April 22.

The war news officially ^circulated from Berlin through
German wireless stations states that the Tageszeitung publishes
a special despatch, according to which 20,000 English and
French troops have landed near Enos, and adding that a heavy
cannonade took place between the Turkish batteries and the
ships of the Allies.

WARRANT OFFICERS (PAY)

House of Commons, April 22, 1915.

Hansard. SIR CLEMENT KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty whether he is now in a position to make any state-
ment concerning the pay of warrant officers, Royal Navy,
and the granting of separation allowance to their wives and
families ; whether he is aware that in present circumstances
many chief petty officers are drawing higher pay, counting
separation allowance, than many warrant officers, and that,
while the pecuniary position of the lower deck has been
advanced since the outbreak of war by the granting of separa-
39°

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

tion allowances and the pay of lieutenants and sub-lieutenants
has been increased, the pecuniary position of warrant officers
remains as it was ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
(DR. MACNAMARA) : I am not yet in a position to make any
statement as regards separation allowance in the case of
warrant officers. No alterations in the pay of warrant officers
are in contemplation.

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE : When does the right hon. gentle-
man think that he will be in a position to make a statement
to the House on the subject ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I cannot say the exact time. I hope
that there will not be any undue delay. I will give no under-
taking as to what the position will be.

THE TRANSPORT MANITOU (ADMIRALTY
COMMUNICATION)

LORD CHARLES BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the ibid
Admiralty whether he will state to the House all the circum-
stances which happened with regard to the attack on the
transport Manitou ; whether he is aware that the communi-
cation already made by the Admiralty l leaves a mystery which 1
is disquieting ; and whether he is aware that such mystery p
gives occasion for unfair inferences to be drawn ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The transport Manitou, with troops on
board, was stopped by the Turkish torpedo-boat Timur Hissar,
which had escaped from Smyrna. The crew and troops were
ordered to abandon the vessel, about eight minutes being
given. The torpedo-boat then fired three torpedoes at the
transport which missed. She was then driven off by the
British destroyers, which had come up. She was chased and
eventually beached herself and was destroyed, her crew being
captured. While the troops were leaving the transport, two
boats capsized, fifty-one lives being lost. In one case a
davit broke, and in the other the boat appears to have been
overcrowded. There is nothing either mysterious or dis-
quieting about this affair. The essential facts were made
public by the Admiralty as soon as they were known. I do
not know what unfair inferences have been drawn.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE : How was it reported that a
hundred lives were lost when there were only fifty-one ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I cannot answer that.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Is the right hon. gentleman aware
that it was because the essential facts were not stated that
there was in the country a general idea, which was unfounded,
that there had been damage done ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I think that the noble Lord will gather
from the answer which I have given that the essential facts
were made known by the Admiralty as soon as they were
known.

MR. BOYTON : Can the right hon. gentleman say what
were the troops that were concerned in this disaster ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Perhaps the hon. member will give
me notice.

PRISONERS OF WAR (ACCOMMODATION IN
STEAMSHIPS)

House of Commons, April 22, 1915.

Hansard. SIR FoRTESCUE FLANNERY asked the Secretary to the

Admiralty whether the steamers Ascania, Scotian, Lake
Manitoba, Saxonia, Ivernia, and Royal Edward, or any of
them, still remain occupied by German prisoners of war ;
whether he can state what is the cost per head per day of the
housing accommodation afforded by these steamers ; whether
for lodging alone each German prisoner on board these ships
is costing at the rate of £80 per annum ; and whether, in
view of the difficulty of obtaining ships sufficient for the
legitimate requirements of transport, the use of sea-going
vessels for the purpose of imprisonment will be discontinued ?
DR. MACNAMARA : The use of sea-going vessels for the
internment of prisoners has always been considered a tem-
porary measure, and every endeavour has been made to free
the ships for their legitimate purpose. The Saxonia, Royal
Edward, and Uranium, are the only ships now being so used.
The two former will be released for other purposes by the
end of the month. The date at which the Uranium (taken
up to replace the Lake Manitoba, required for other work)
can be freed is not yet fixed, but it will be early. The cost
392

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of the service was given in reply to my hon. friend the member
for Deptford on I5th March.1 l [See

p. 182.]

TORPEDOED BRITISH SHIPS

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the Prime Minister whether ibid.
steps will be taken to confiscate a German or Austrian ship
at present interned for every British merchant ship sunk by
German submarines ?

The PRIME MINISTER : The suggestion put forward in the
question was carefully considered by His Majesty's Govern-
ment, but it was decided not to adopt it for the present.
This decision will not, however, preclude a reconsideration of
the matter, should circumstances demand it.

DARDANELLES

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the Prime Minister if he will ibid.
inform the House who is responsible for the operations in the
Dardanelles ; whether it was intended to be in the nature of
combined naval and military operations ; and whether the
ultimate success of the operations will be considerably delayed
owing to the naval attack having been delivered before the
Army was landed ?

The PRIME MINISTER : These operations are being jointly
conducted by the Navy and Army in co-operation, under the
responsibility of His Majesty's Government. It is not desir-
able at the present stage to say anything further.

BRITISH LOSSES (NAVAL FORCES)

MR. JOHN asked the Prime Minister whether he will state, ibid.
separately, the losses sustained by the Army and the Navy
from the commencement of the war to the 3ist March last,
indicating, respectively, the numbers killed, wounded, and
missing ?

The PRIME MINISTER : The number of officers and men
of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Naval Reserve,
and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve killed, wounded, and
missing from the commencement of the war to the 3ist March
1915, are as follows : —

393

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [AH

OFFICERS

Killed .

Wounded

Missing ....

Interned

Prisoners

Total 4=12

MEN

Killed . . 4981 (including 57 Mercantile

ratings lost in H.M.S.
Bayano] .

Wounded . . 640 (including 3 Interned

and 50 Prisoners).

Missing . . 72

Interned . . 1524 (exclusive of 34 wounded).

Prisoners . . 924 (exclusive of 50 wounded).

Total

ENEMY VESSELS (BRITISH PRIZES)

House of Commons, April 22, 1915.

MR. HOUSTON asked the President of the Board of Trade
whether it is his Department that controls and employs
enemy vessels which were interned in British ports or cap-
tured as prizes and not sold to private owners, and are, or
have been, employed in carrying coal or other cargoes from
British ports to British and French ports, in carrying cargo
from Indian, Colonial, or foreign ports to ports in the United
Kingdom or in Allies' countries, and coal or other cargo out-
wards from this country, in carrying troops, animals, muni-
tions of war, stores, food-stuffs, or coal on Government account ;
if not his Department, will he state respectively which De-
partment does control and handle each of the aforementioned
394

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

classes, and will he state whether profits are being made by
the employment of these steamers and how the profits will
ultimately be disposed of ; and whether there is any inten-
tion of crediting or handing over any portion of the profits
to the alien enemy owners of these vessels — at the time of
internment or capture — after the termination of the war ?

MR. RUNCIMAN : The arrangements for the employment
and control of such captured and interned enemy vessels as
are used in the carrying trade- are made by a Special Com-
mittee of representatives of the Government Departments
concerned, under the chairmanship of Vice- Admiral Sir E.
Slade. The ships which have been requisitioned for Admir-
alty purposes are under the control of the Admiralty ; and
a certain number of ships are being utilised under the control
of the Indian and Australian Governments. It has not yet
been decided how any profits that may be made in each class
of case will ultimately be disposed of, but there is no intention
of handing them over to the alien enemy owners or ex-owners
of the vessels.

LERWICK EXPLOSION

MR. CATHCART WASON asked if as great consideration will ibid.
be shown to those who suffered by the explosion at Lerwick
as was given to Scarborough ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Inquiry into the causes of the ex-
plosion at Lerwick is still proceeding, and the question of
granting compensation will receive careful consideration ;
but, in regard to this, I would point out to my hon. friend
that the circumstances are entirely different from those at
Scarborough.

PRISONERS OF WAR (TREATMENT IN GERMANY
AND GREAT BRITAIN)

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the Prime Minister the names of ibid.
the British officers who have been sent to fortresses to undergo
solitary confinement in Germany ; and whether he will state
the regiments of the officers so confined and their ranks, and

395

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the places to where they have been sent to undergo their
sentences ?

The UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
(MR. PRIMROSE) : On the I3th instant I requested the United
States Ambassador in London to be good enough to ask the
United States Ambassador at Berlin, by telegram, to ascertain
from the German Government whether there was any truth
in the statement which had appeared in the Press that
morning that thirty-nine British officers had been placed in
imprisonment in military detention barracks in retaliation
for the alleged harsh treatment of the crews of German sub-
marines. On the i yth instant the United States Ambassador
informed me that a number of British officers had been placed
under officers' arrest as a reprisal for the treatment of the
German submarine crews in England, and that the further
procedure against those officers would be made to conform
to the treatment of the German prisoners. I thereupon asked
His Excellency to be good enough to ascertain, by telegraph,
the names of the British officers who had been arrested. We
have informed the United States Embassy that an inspection
can be made of the treatment of German submarine officers
and crews here if the same facilities are given by the German
Government for inspection of the treatment of these British
officers. This is practically the only way in which further
information can be obtained.

LORD C. BERESFORD : May I ask if the hon. gentleman
will let the House know when he gets the reply ?

MR. PRIMROSE : I have no doubt it will be published as
soon as possible.

LORD C. BERESFORD : Can the hon. gentleman give us
any information as to when he can get it ?
MR. PRIMROSE : No.

STEAMSHIP TRAFFIC STOPPED

Amsterdam, April 22.

The following official British statement is issued here :
All shipping and passenger traffic between Holland and

the United Kingdom is stopped for the time being. No ships

will leave the United Kingdom for Holland after to-day.

Ships from Holland will not be admitted to the United

396

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Kingdom after to-day. It is hoped shortly to resume a
limited cargo and passenger traffic. Special arrangements
are being made for the transport of the mail. — Renter.

SERBIAN ATTACK ON AUSTRIAN GUNBOATS

Nish, April 25.

On the night of April 22-23, we made a surprise attack on
the enemy's river gunboats* north of Semlin. One gunboat
was damaged, and this caused great confusion among the
rest of the flotilla and on both banks of the Danube. The
enemy replied with rifle and machine-gun fire which did no
damage.

The enemy opened fire from his guns of position towards
Belgrade against our aeroplanes, which were engaged in
reconnaissance work, but his efforts were without result. —
Serbian Press Bureau.

GERMAN FLEET IN NORTH SEA

Amsterdam, April 23.

An official telegram from Berlin says :

The Admiralty Staff states that recently the German Times,
High Sea Fleet has repeatedly been cruising in the North Sea, A?1*1 24»
and has advanced into English waters without meeting any I^1^'
British naval forces. — Renter.

BLOCKADE OF CAMEROONS

Foreign Office, April 24, 1915.

His Majesty's Government have decided to declare a L.G.,
blockade of the coast of the Cameroons as from midnight APnl 27-
April 23rd-24th. The blockade will extend from the entrance I9I5>
of the Akwayafe River to Bimbia Creek, and from the Benge
mouth of the Sanaga River to Campo.

Forty-eight hours' grace from the time of the commence-
ment of the blockade will be given for the departure of neutral
vessels from the blockaded area.

COMPENSATION FOR SEAMEN

The Board of Trade have appointed a Committee, consisting Times,
of Mr. W. B. Yates (chairman), Mr. A. C. Gordon, of the Claims APril 24>

397

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Department of the Government War Risks Insurance Office,
and Mr. W. H. G. Deacon, I.S.O., the chief superintendent
of the Mercantile Marine Offices in the London district, to
consider any cases of hardship that may be brought before
them on behalf of masters, officers, and seamen, including
pilots and apprentices, of British merchant and fishing vessels
who have lost personal effects through hostile operations at
sea, without being in a position to recover compensation or to
obtain adequate relief in respect of such losses from other
sources, and to grant such sums as they may think just in any
such cases.

Communications should be addressed to the secretary
to the Committee, Mr. C. F. Bickerdike, at 47 Victoria Street,
London, S.W.

RUSSIAN FLEET OFF THE BOSPHORUS

Petrograd, April 26.

Times The following communique is issued by the Headquarters

April 28, Staff :—

1915. Our Black Sea Fleet yesterday bombarded the Bosphorus

forts. Great explosions were observed in one fort. A Turkish
battleship which was in the Straits made a futile reply to our
fire.

Petrograd, April 26.

The following semi-official communique dated April 25 is
issued here :

At 6 A.M. the Black Sea Fleet approached the Bosphorus.
At 8 A.M. the vessels opened fire with heavy guns against the
forts and batteries. They successfully shelled the two forts
at Fener, the Karibdje, Jumburnu, and Uzuniar forts, and the
forts at Kavaka-Madjer. As a result of the bombardment
great explosions were observed in the forts.

The Turkish warships in the Straits were shelled and forced
to retire. The battleship Torgud (Tor gut Reis ?) replied to
our fire without effect.

Enemy torpedo-boats which advanced towards us were
quickly driven off by the fire of our ships. Observations
made by hydroplanes showed the accuracy of the fire of the
squadron.
398

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The enemy's batteries attempted to shell our aviators, but
without success.- — Renter.

DARDANELLES

The War Office and the Admiralty make the following Times.
announcement : — April 27,

The general attack on the Dardanelles by the Fleet and I9I5-
the Army was resumed yesterday (April 25).

The disembarkation of the Army, covered by the Fleet,
began before sunrise at various points on the Gallipoli
Peninsula, and, in spite of serious opposition from the enemy
in strong entrenchments protected by barbed wire, was com-
pletely successf u 1. Before nightfall large forces were established
on shore.

The landing of the Army and the advance continue.

The War Office and Admiralty make the following Times,
announcement (April 27) : April 28,

After a day's hard fighting in difficult country, the troops I9I5-
landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula are thoroughly making good
their footing with the effective help of the Navy. The French
have taken 500 prisoners.

The following telegram has been officially published in
Cairo :

' The Allied forces under Sir Ian Hamilton have effected a
landing on both sides of Dardanelles under excellent con-
ditions ; many prisoners taken, and our forces are continuing
their advance/

Paris, April 27.

The War Office issues the following announcement Times,
(April 28): April 29,

In face of continual opposition the troops have now I9I5-
established themselves across the end of the Gallipoli Penin-
sula from a point north-east of Eski Hissarlik to the mouth of
the stream on the opposite side.

They have also beaten off all attacks at Sari Bahr, and are
steadily advancing.

The Turks had made considerable preparations to hamper

399

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

any landings. Wire entanglements under the sea as well
as on land, and deep pits with spikes at the bottom were
among the obstacles overcome by the troops.

Amsterdam, April 28.

A Constantinople official communique states :
The enemy renewed their attempts against Gaba Tepe and

the south coast of Gallipoli, but were successfully repulsed.
Yesterday fresh forces of the enemy attacked near the

coast at Kum Kale, but were obliged to retreat, abandoning

three machine guns. — Reuter.

The following statement on the progress of the operations
in the Dardanelles from the 25th to the 2Qth April was issued
yesterday by the War Office and the Admiralty :

The disembarkation of the Army began before sunrise
on the 25th. Six different beaches were used, and the opera-
tion was covered by the whole Fleet. The landing was imme-
diately successful on five beaches, although opposed with
vigour by a strongly entrenched enemy in successive lines
protected by barbed wire entanglements, in some places fifty
yards wide, and supported by artillery. On the sixth beach,
near Sedd-el-Bahr, the troops could not advance until the
evening, when a fine attack by British infantry from the
direction of Cape Tekeh relieved the pressure on their front.
The arrangements for the landing had been concerted in the
utmost detail between the Fleet and the Army.

The result of the first day's operations was the establish-
ment of strong British, Australasian, and French forces at
three main points, namely, the Australian and New Zealand
troops on the lower slopes of Sari Bahr to the north of Gaba
Tepe, the British troops at Cape Tekeh, Cape Helles, and near
Morto Bay, and the French force on the Asiatic shore at Kum
Kale after a gallant attack towards Yeni Shehr. During the
afternoon of the 25th strong counter-attacks by the enemy
began, and hard fighting took place. Meanwhile the disem-
barkation of the Army proceeded continuously, favoured by
good weather.
400

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

At daybreak on the 26th the enemy were still holding the
village and position of Sedd-el-Bahr, which was a labyrinth
of caves, ruins, trenches, pits, and entanglements. Aided
by the gun-fire of the Fleet, this position was stormed by the
British in a frontal attack through undamaged wire entangle-
ments. Sedd-el-Bahr was taken at about 2 P.M., four pom-
poms being captured. The situation at this end of the penin-
sula was thus definitely secured, and the disembarkation of
the French and British forces proceeded.

On the morning of the 27th, after repulsing a Turkish
attack upon their left towards Cape Helles, the Allied force
advanced, and at 8 P.M. was established in an entrenched line
running from a point about two miles to the north of Cape
Tekeh to the small plateau above De Totts battery. From
this line an advance has since been made to the neighbour-
hood of Krithia.

Meanwhile the Australian and New Zealand troops at
Sari Bahr, who had pushed on with the utmost boldness after
landing on the 25th, had been engaged almost constantly
with the enemy, who made strong and repeated counter-
attacks, which were invariably repulsed. The Australian
and New Zealand troops fought with fine spirit and deter-
mination. Early on the morning of the 27th a fresh Turkish
division was launched against Sari Bahr, preceded by heavy
artillery fire. A hot engagement followed. The enemy
came on boldly time after time, but the Australian and New
Zealand troops defeated every attempt, and by 3 P.M. had
resumed the offensive.

The French troops at Kum Kale were also four times
strongly counter-attacked on the 26th, but retained all their
positions. Five hundred Turks who, in the course of one of
these counter-attacks, were cut off by the fire of the Fleet,
were made prisoners.

The operation of landing the Army in the face of modern
weapons, in spite of wire entanglements under the sea as
well as on land, land mines, and deep pits with spikes at the
bottom, has thus been accomplished. The Admiral reports
that the Fleet are filled with an intense admiration of the
achievements of their military comrades.

The casualties in the Army have necessarily been heavy.
The casualties in the Fleet are not numerous, and appear
NAVAL 4 2 c 401

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to be confined to the destroyers and to the boats' crews
engaged in the landing operations, in which the merchant
captains, officers, and crews of the transports have also taken
part.

During these operations the Turkish warships from Nagara
have several times attempted to intervene, but have always
made off directly the Queen Elizabeth was at hand. At noon
on the 27th, however, a transport of about 8000 tons was
reported off Maidos, and before she could escape the Queen
Elizabeth opened fire. The third shot hit and destroyed her,
and she sank rapidly ; but whether she contained troops or
not could not be seen.

On the 28th and 2gth the Allied forces rested, and improved
and consolidated their positions and continued the disem-
barkation of stores and artillery. All counter-attacks by
the enemy, which were incessant on the 28th but weaker on
the 29th, were repulsed.

The Fleet, as well as supporting the Army, began to
engage the batteries. The Triumph bombarded Maidos,
which was in flames last night (29th).

The next phase of the operations will be dealt with when
it is complete and not in daily communiques.

C.O., On April 25 a regiment of Colonial infantry with a battery

May's, of 75 mm. guns, which was ordered to create a diversion on
I9I5- the Asiatic bank, landed at Kum Kale, under the protection

of the fire from the guns of the French ships. The dis-
embarkation was carried out in good conditions, and occu-
pying Kum Kale the force marched on Yeni Shehr. A
fierce fight with the enemy began that night, and continued
the following day.

The Turks, who were in greatly superior force, suffered
heavy losses, and 500 were taken prisoners. The re-embarka-
tion of our troops was effected during the night of the 26th
with the support of the warships. The diversion had com-
pletely succeeded, and while it was being made large forces
of the Allies were landed in the Gallipoli Peninsula.

402

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Constantinople.

Report from Main Headquarters : To-day in the fore- K.V.,
noon the Russian fleet opened fire outside the firing line of April 25,
our fortifications on the Bosphorus, with the object of I9I5-
making a demonstration ; the firing lasted half an hour, and
the Russian fleet withdrew immediately afterwards in a
northernly direction. Our fortifications did not consider
it necessary to reply to the fire.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : On the 25th inst. the enemy K.V.,
attempted under cover of his warships to land at four points April 26,
on the west coast of the Peninsula of Gallipoli, viz., at the I9I5-
mouth of the Sighin Dere, on the strip of coast of Ari Burnu
west of Kaba Tepe, on the coast of Teke Burnu, as well as
in the region of Kum Kale. The enemy troops who had landed
on the strip of coast of Teke Burnu were pushed back into
the sea by a bayonet attack of our soldiers. The troops
which had reached the land near Ari Burnu, attempted to
advance, but were forced to retreat by an attack of our
troops and pushed back to the coast. A part of the enemy
forces in this direction was compelled to make a rapid flight
to the ships last night. To-day our troops continued their
attacks successfully at all the above points. At the same
time a fleet approached the Straits, to undertake the assault
from the sea, but was forced to retire before our fire. In
this action an enemy torpedo-boat was sunk and another
heavily damaged. It had to be towed to Tenedos. To-day
the enemy made no attempt against the Dardanelles from the
sea. The following additional report is made : The enemy
troops which had landed near Kum Kale wanted to advance
under cover of their warships, but in spite of the violent
bombardment from all sides, our troops carried their attack
through with success and forced the enemy back to the coast.
The enemy lost 400 killed, besides which we took 200
prisoners. Our losses are insignificant. A detachment of
Mussulman soldiers which had disembarked with the French
on this strip of coast came over to us. On the other spot
near Kaba Tepe we took prisoner a number of English and
Australians, among whom were a captain and a lieutenant.

403

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Berlin, April 27.

An enemy torpedo-boat was sunk. Another torpedo-boat
was heavily damaged and had to be towed to Tenedos. The
enemy did not undertake any operations from the sea against
the Dardanelles to-day. — German Wireless.

Constantinople.

K.V., Headquarters reports : The banks of the Sighin Dere,

April 27, West of Sedd-el-Bahr, have been cleared of the enemy. The
I9I5- enemy, who had landed in the neighbourhood of Kaba Tepe,

endeavours to maintain himself in his defensive positions
under cover of the fire of his ships. Early to-day our troops
carried the said positions by storm, forced the enemy to
retire along the whole front, and caused him exceptionally
heavy losses. A part of the enemy who had fled to the sea
escaped in his boats and retired with all speed. Those who
were unable to flee displayed white flags and surrendered in
crowds.

We ascertained that an enemy transport steamer was
struck by shots from our artillery and sank near Ari Burnu.
A report, brought in at the last hour at 4.30 P.M., states that
the enemy forces, estimated at four brigades, were driven into
the sea on the coast of Kaba Yepe.

An enemy cruiser with a broken mast and a damaged
stern was towed into Tenedos.

Constantinople.

K.V., In the supplementary reports on the events in the Dar-

April 29, danelles, the bravery and the dash of the Turkish officers and
I9I5- soldiers are more and more clearly revealed. During the

fights on the Peninsula of Gallipoli, especially near Kaba
Tepe, the Turkish soldiers fought uninterruptedly throughout
two days and a night without showing the least sign of
exhaustion, against the constantly renewed advance of enemy
forces. During the first fights at Kum Kale the Turkish
troops did not waste a single shot, but merely threw back the
enemy with the bayonet. During the fighting forty enemy
warships, including the Russian cruiser Askold, which had
been placed on observation, bombarded Sedd-el-Bahr and Kum
Kale from time to time. The Turkish forts returned the
404

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

fire with success, and sank two torpedo-boats and one trans-
port. As already announced, a heavily damaged cruiser
had to be towed to Tenedos. The booty won by the
Turks includes a large number of rifles and a quantity of
ammunition.

Constantinople.

Last evening Main Headquarters made the following com- K.V.,
munication : The enemy, who had landed in the neighbour- April 30,
hood of Kum Kale, was completely driven off in spite of all I9I5-
his efforts to maintain himself on the land under cover of
the fire of his ships ; not a single enemy remains on the
Asiatic shore of the Dardanelles. The enemy forces on the
point of Kaba Tepe maintain themselves obstinately under
cover of the fire of the enemy ships ; the enemy has been
driven away from the other parts of the Peninsula of Gallipoli.
On April 28 the fire of our batteries damaged the French
armoured cruiser Jeanne d'Arc, and she had to retire to Tenedos
in a burning condition. On April 28 an English torpedo-
boat destroyer sank at the entrance of the Straits in conse-
quence of a fire caused by our shells. An attack by sixteen
armoured ships and many torpedo-boat destroyers on our
advanced batteries in the Straits on April 27 had the follow-
ing result. The thousands of shells fired against our batteries
and infantry positions had only slightly wounded a few
soldiers by the evening ; on the other hand, two transport
steamers before Sedd-el-Bahr were repeatedly hit by our shells,
so much so that one of them ran aground immediately.
We have sunk a row of boats and sailing ships filled with
soldiers which were near the transports with their tow boats.
The English battleships Majestic and Triumph were damaged
and retired from the firing line. During the last two days
the enemy fleet made no further attempts on the Straits.

Constantinople.

Headquarters reports : The enemy left wing, which had K.V.,
been thrown out of its positions near Kaba Tepe, towards the MaY *
north in the direction of Ari Burnu by our repeated attacks, I915'
attempted to advance yesterday in order to escape from the
effective flank fire of our artillery, but was again driven into
its old positions on the shore by a bayonet charge. On this

405

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

occasion we captured two machine-guns with complete equip-
ment and ammunition. The enemy who had landed near
Sedd-el-Bahr at protected coast positions, and who might
have fancied themselves covered, actually find themselves in
an untenable position in consequence of the fire of our batteries
on the Anatolian Coast.

The enemy ships, having to protect their forces ashore
with the fire of their heavy artillery, took no action against
the Straits.

The Australian- English submarine A.E 2 was sunk a few
days ago by our warships whilst attempting to penetrate
into the Sea of Marmora. The crew, composed of three
officers and twenty-nine men, was taken prisoner.

An enemy seaplane, while flying over the Gulf of Alex-
andretta, was damaged by our fire and fell into the sea. The
wreckage was picked up by a cruiser present in those waters.

Times, The following message from the King has been despatched

May i, to Vice- Admiral de Robeck and General Sir Ian Hamilton :—
I9I5- ' It is with intense satisfaction that I have heard of the

success which, in face of determined resistance, has attended
the combined naval and military operations in the Dardanelles.
Please convey to all ranks, including those of our Allies, my
hearty congratulations on this splendid achievement/

Sydney, April 30.

ibid. Mr. Fisher, the Prime Minister, has received the following

cable from the King :

' Heartily congratulate you upon the splendid conduct and
bravery displayed by the Australian troops in their opera-
tions in the Dardanelles. They, indeed, proved themselves
worthy sons of the Empire/

The King's message was read in the Senate and the House
of Representatives to-day amid great enthusiasm.

Times, The following telegrams have passed between the First

MaY 3. Lord of the Admiralty and the Governor-General of the
I9I5. 406

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Commonwealth of Australia and the Governor of New Zealand,
through the Colonial Office : —

FIRST LORD'S MESSAGE

30/4/15-

On behalf of the Board of Admiralty I express our heartiest
congratulations on the brilliant and memorable achievements
of the Australian and New Zealand troops at the Dardanelles.
The Admiral telegraphs that the Fleet is filled with intense
admiration at the feat of arms accomplished by the Army.

CHURCHILL.

REPLY FROM GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH

OF AUSTRALIA

I/5/I5-

Will you kindly thank the First Lord and Board of Ad-
miralty for congratulations. To win the admiration of the
British Tar is an honour worth having, and the participation
of His Majesty's Australian troops with the Navy in these
great operations will cement their comradeship in arms.

R. MUNRO-FERGUSON.

REPLY FROM GOVERNOR OF NEW ZEALAND

I/5/I5-

On behalf of myself, my Government, and the people of
New Zealand, I desire to thank you and the Board of Admir-
alty for the very kind message of congratulations which you
have sent. It is a source of great gratification to every one
in this Dominion to feel that their troops have been so closely
connected in those arduous operations with the officers and
men of the Royal Navy, to whom the Empire owes so much.

LIVERPOOL.

Constantinople, May I.
Turkish Main Headquarters reports : —
At Kaba Tepe, Gallipoli, the enemy made attempts to fight
his way out of a narrow strip of land, where he had been
shut in, but we repulsed his efforts, and forced the enemy to
retreat 500 metres from the sea-coast and to flee within

407

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the protection of the ships' guns. We inflicted enormous
losses on the enemy. Attempts made by the enemy in
the Bay of Saros to land troops under the protection oi
part of the Fleet were completely frustrated by us.

The official English reports of the Dardanelles battles
between April 25 and 29, admit heavy losses of the Allied
armies and fleets. — German Wireless.

THE KAISER AND TIRPITZ

Amsterdam, April 25.

A Berlin telegram states that the Emperor has sent the
following telegram to Admiral von Tirpitz, the German
Minister of Marine, from Main Headquarters :

On to-day's fiftieth anniversary of your entering the naval
service I express to you my heartiest congratulations, also my
pleasure that with God's help it has been granted you to
celebrate this day still in active service and in full vigour. I
readily embrace this opportunity to assure you of my warmest
gratitude for the great services you have rendered to the
Fatherland by the successful expansion of the Navy.

With justified pride you can look to-day on this your life
work, the importance of which in the present war has been
strikingly shown. As a sign of my gratitude I confer on you
the Cross with Swords of Grand Commander of the Royal
Order of the House of Hohenzollern. — Renter.

LOSS OF LEON GAMBETTA

Paris, May i.

The armoured cruiser Leon Gambetta, while cruising at the
entrance to the Otranto Straits, was torpedoed on the night
of the 26th to 27th April, and sank in ten minutes. All the
officers perished at their posts. One hundred and thirty-six
of the crew, eleven of whom were petty officers, were saved
by ships promptly sent to the rescue by the Italian authorities.
The vessel was torpedoed at 1.30 A.M. some twenty-five miles
from Santa Maria di Leuca. The attack on her was made by
the Austrian submarine U 5, which fired two torpedoes. The
survivors were rescued by Italian torpedo craft and tugs. A
408

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

preliminary list of these survivors has reached the Ministry [of
Marine], but it cannot be guaranteed as exact, and it is neces-
sary to accept with reserve the indications which have been
made public on this subject.

Vienna.

The Naval Command publishes the following communica- K.V.,
tion : Submarine V, under the command of Lieutenant Georg APril 28,
Ritter von Trapp, has torpedoed and sunk the French armoured
cruiser Leon Gambetta in the Ionian Sea.

Paris, April 29.

A communique issued by the Ministry of Marine to-night
says :

One hundred and ten survivors of the Leon Gambetta have
been sent to Syracuse ; twenty-six others are at Brindisi.
The bodies of Admiral Senes and fifty-two seamen were
buried at Santa Maria di Leuca. The circumstances in which
the cruiser was lost have not yet been established. For the
moment no reliance should be placed upon stories and comment
emanating from foreign sources. — Renter.

Toulon, April 30.

M. Augagneur, the Minister of Marine, has telegraphed to
Madame Senes, the widow of Rear-Admiral Senes, who was
drowned in the disaster to the French cruiser Leon Gambetta,
the condolences of the French Navy on the occasion of the
premature death of her husband. Madame Senes has re-
ceived other messages of sympathy. — Reuter.

THE ELUSIVE BRITISH FLEET

Berlin, April 26.

The German papers call attention to the fact that the
German battle fleet has patrolled the entire North Sea without
meeting the British Fleet, which is hiding somewhere on the
north coast of Scotland or in the Irish Sea. The naval expert

409

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of the Deutsche Tageszeitung, Count Reventlow, accentuates
that for the first time the German Admiralty has announced
that the entire German Fleet is busily engaged ~ searching the
North Sea for the British Fleet, whereas before only squadrons
have been sent out. Further proof of the abdication of the
North Sea by the British is the fact that a German submarine
has been able to escort a captured British steamer from
Aberdeen across the North Sea to Cuxhaven. — German
Wireless.

ENEMY AEROPLANES ACTIVE

Berlin.

K.V., Our aeroplanes in Flanders have lately displayed brisk

MaY 4. activity. They have carried out numerous attacks on the
i9I5- enemy's naval forces and merchant ships, and scored repeated

successes. Amongst others, a British battleship of the For-
midable class was attacked by bombs and damaged by hits
on April 26th in the Westdiep. On the same day English
boats on patrol duty were successfully attacked.

THE GERMAN REPRISALS

Times, The Secretary of State -for Foreign Affairs has received

April 26, the following communication :

The American Ambassador presents his compliments to
His Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, with
reference to the telephonic message referred to in the last
paragraph of the Note Sir Edward Grey was good enough to
address to him on the igth instant, asking for the names of
the thirty-nine English officers in Germany who have been
placed under arrest as a reprisal for the treatment of German
submarine crews in England, has the honour to quote the
following telegram he has just received from the Ambassador
at Berlin :

List of officers is as follows :

CAPTAINS.

Robin Grey, Royal Flying Corps.
George Elliott, Royal Irish Regiment.
Coke, Scots Guards.
Jump, ist Dragoons.
410

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Montgomery, yth Dragoon Guards.
Spence, Middlesex Regiment.
Ashton, 2nd Life Guards.

LIEUTENANTS.

Houldsworth, Gordon Highlanders.

Master of Saltoun, Gordon Highlanders.

Goschen, Grenadier Guards.

Campbell, Royal Horse Guards.

Ivan Hay, 5th Lancers.

Hunter Blair, Gordon Highlanders.

Keppel, Coldstream Guards.

Lord Garlies, Scots Guards.

Trafford, Scots Guards.

Colin Campbell, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.

Fitzroy, Scots Guards.

Hamilton, Gordon Highlanders.

Bingham, Royal Welsh Fusiliers.

Cartwright, Middlesex Regiment.

MacLeod, Royal Field Artillery.

O'Malley, Royal Munster Fusiliers.

Robertson, Gordon Highlanders.

Stewart, Gordon Highlanders.

Wavell-Paxton, Coldstream Guards.

H. G. McNeile, Coldstream Guards.

Hickman, 4th Royal Irish Dragoons.

Graves, Royal Scots.

Graham Watson, Royal Scots.

French, Royal Irish Regiment.

Palmer, 2nd Life Guards.

Allistone, Middlesex Regiment.

Rogerson, i8th Hussars.

Sanderson, 4th Dragoons.

Stewart Menzies, Scots Guards.

Gage Brown, ist Life Guards

Schoon, King's Royal Rifles.

Jolliffe, Scots Guards.

Officers have been placed in arrest barracks at following
places : 15 at Magdeburg, 7 at Burg, i at Torgau, 13 at

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Cologne, -i at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 2 at Rastatt, to be
transferred to Karlsruhe, Baden.

NORTH SEA CROSSING FORBIDDEN

Rotterdam, April 27.

The British Consulate here announces that no British
ships bound for British ports will be allowed to leave Dutch
ports to-day. — Renter.

PACIFIC CLEAR OF GERMAN SHIPS

Melbourne, April 27.

Mr. Pearce, Minister of Defence, announces that a British
warship has captured the German trading steamer Elfriede,
which is believed to be the last German vessel in the Pacific.
— Renter.

BRITISH PRISONERS IN GERMANY

House of Lords, April 27, 1915.

Hansard. LORD NEWTON rose to call attention to the correspond-

ence respecting the treatment of prisoners of war and interned
civilians in the United Kingdom and Germany respec-
tively: . . . But, my Lords, with regard to this question of re-
taliation we have a singularly unfortunate object-lesson before
us at the present moment. We have, unfortunately, provided
the Germans with a pretext of which they have not been
slow to take advantage. Owing to what is generally believed
to be the more or less independent action of the First Lord
of the Admiralty, the prisoners taken from submarines have
been treated differentially from other prisoners. What is
the result ? The German Government has not only retaliated,
but it has retaliated with vindictive tyranny. By retalia-
tion I understand that you do exactly the same thing as
the other party. But in this case there is no equality of
treatment. The submarine prisoners, I believe, consist of
three officers and thirty-six men, whereas the German Govern-
ment has laid hands upon thirty-nine British officers irre-
spective of rank, and has apparently chosen officers who
belong to families whose names are well known ; and it is
an instructive sign of the feeling of the German Government
412

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY -NAVAL

with regard to this matter that one of these unfortunate
hostages is the son of the ex-British Ambassador at Berlin
who, only a short time ago, was so severely wounded that
his life was, for a time, despaired of. Personally I entertain
the opinion that the German Government looks upon prisoners
in a totally different light from that in which we do. I am
convinced that the German Government looks upon prisoners
as mere wreckage. And judging from the correspondence
in the other White Paper recently presented — No. 8 — I gather
that the only prisoners in whom they take any interest at all
and whom they wish to recover are those who are still capable
of rendering some form of military service. . . .

The MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE : . . . I wish to say a word
about another matter — I mean that which is usually spoken
of as the question of reprisals. I greatly regret that the
word ' reprisals ' should have been admitted into this contro-
versy at all. Your Lordships are all, I think, familiar with
the statement x which was published by the Admiralty on * [See
March 9 last. It was announced in that statement that p- 99-]
prisoners taken from the German submarine U 8 were to be
made the subject of special restriction, and could not be
accorded the distinctions of their rank or be allowed to mingle
with others prisoners of war. Those words, carefully and
closely interpreted, do not really go very far ; but I am
afraid there is no doubt whatever that they have been taken
by many people who have read them and by a good many
who have not taken the pains to read them carefully to
indicate that His Majesty's Government were prepared to
embark upon a course of reprisals in the true sense of the
word. To my mind no policy could be more unfortunate or
disastrous than a policy of reprisals in a case of this kind. It
is, to begin with, a policy which I go so far as to say a Chris-
tian country could not deliberately adopt. I do not believe
that public opinion would support any Government that
adopted a policy of reprisals in the full sense of the word ;
but what is much more to the point — I think my noble friend
said so just now — is that in any competition of this kind
with the Germans we should be hopelessly outdistanced. It
is quite clear that if we were to endeavour to respond to every
German act of barbarity by an act of barbarity perpetrated
by ourselves we should very soon come to the end of our

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

tether, and certainly to the end of the patience of the public
of this country.

There is another reason which leads me to hold this
opinion. These reprisals are supposed to be directed against
the crews of the submarines by whom our vessels and those
of our Allies have been sunk during the last few weeks. The
crews of these submarines are not the real culprits. They
are under the orders of the German Government ; they are
sent out on this ruthless mission. If they refused to go or to
obey the orders given them they would be shot. The real
culprits are not these men ; the real culprits are the Govern-
ment who adopt this policy and send out these submarines
on their deadly mission. It is quite true that when a de-
fenceless merchantman is sunk by a submarine no lives are
saved. Of course they are not, because a submarine has no
means of saving lives. If the captain of the submarine was
ever so willing, it would be impossible for him to save the
lives of, say, two hundred or three hundred sailors plunged
into a wintry sea ; and that is why the Prime Minister — to my
mind very rightly — protested against these acts of German
piracy, because from the very circumstances of the case it
was impossible that peaceful vessels should be sunk without
the loss of the innocent sailors on board them. I say, there-
fore, that a policy of reprisals in the usual sense of the word
would be, in the first place, a policy unworthy of this country,
and, in the next place, a policy which I believe would be
futile and predestined to failure. There are other forms of
retaliation which are, I think, much more open to considera-
tion. It has been, for example, suggested that those who
suffer by the barbarous conditions of their internment might
be compensated out of funds levied on German property
impounded in this country. That is quite a different form
of retaliation, and that kind of retaliation seems to me to be
one well worthy of consideration. . . .

LORD GRENFELL : . . . May I say that there is a very
strong feeling in the Army regarding the internment of the
thirty-nine British officers ? Bearing in mind the very slight
punishment that the German submarine men were to receive
it seems to us perfectly incomprehensible why it was neces-
sary to issue any sort of manifesto to the world as to their
treatment. The punishment they are now receiving might
414

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

have been merely a disciplinary question, and when they were
sent to their destination they might have been told that
they were not considered fit to be accorded the distinction of
their rank or to be allowed to mingle with other prisoners of
war. But naturally retaliation was immediately taken up
by the Germans, and these British officers, some of them
sons of members of your Lordships' House, are now suffering
we know not what — at any rate, solitary confinement and
differential treatment. We all consider it most unfortunate
that the Admiralty's manifesto should ever have been
issued. . . .

The ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY : . . . I cannot help
saying a single word of regret at having heard from two noble
Lords on the other side something like approval of another
measure of retaliation than that which has been already to
some extent put in force by the conditions prescribed for the
internment of the men taken from the German submarines.
I feel that we shall do a wrong thing in principle and commit
a very grave blunder at the same time if we allow it to stand
upon the records in the history that will hereafter be written
about this war that we attempted anything in the way of
competition as regards the severities of imprisonment. We
want scrupulously and even proudly to repudiate and eschew
any action contrary to the ordinary high-minded rules which
hold good between belligerents and which is not in accordance
with the great conventions of The Hague Conference. To
retaliate upon property may be less cruel and certainly less
barbarous than retaliating upon the persons of individuals,
but it does come into the category of our going outside what
English belligerents regard as honourable. For that reason
I believe we shall stand right with ourselves, with posterity,
and with history if we adhere absolutely and without reserve
to the honourable, high-minded conduct of war. Whatever
our foes may do, let us scrupulously avoid any action which
can be regarded as contravening the ordinary interchange
of international procedure with regard to matters of this
kind. I hope the Government will consider many times
before they adopt it. After all, and apart from higher
reasons, it would not be an extraordinarily effective mode of
attempted competition with our enemies on the other side.
I shall lament it exceedingly if we adopt action of a re-

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

taliatory kind, which I believe would smear us with some mark,
at all events, of a sort which Englishmen have always re-
garded with intense dislike. We want to go down into
history absolutely unsullied in the records of our carrying on
of this great war.

LORD HYLTON : . . . I should like to say a word on the
subject of the thirty-nine British officers who, we understand,
have been sentenced to and are undergoing a form of punish-
ment called solitary confinement in prisons in various parts
of the German Empire. This would appear to be the out-
come of the instructions conveyed in the Admiralty Order
as regards the treatment of Germans captured in submarines
and who are prisoners in this country. I think your Lord-
ships will agree that solitary imprisonment, if protracted
over an indefinite period, is a very ghastly punishment indeed,
and I can conceive in the case of many individuals that death
would be preferable, I can only hope that the brave men
who are undergoing this form of imprisonment will have the
fortitude to endure it with the utmost courage. I happen
to have a relative among the men who have been thus sen-
tenced, and I find on inquiry that the War Office is unable
to give any information to the families of these officers as to
whether the officers will be ^entitled to receive communica-
tions or whether they will be allowed to send any letters to
their families ; and the question of their treatment at present
— and what it will be — is quite unknown in this country. I
sincerely hope that His Majesty's Government will direct the
attention of neutral countries to the fact that this treatment
of prisoners, officers or men, is entirely contrary to The
Hague Convention and to what I believe has been the recog-
nised usage of all civilised countries during the last two
centuries or more.

This is a time at which I am sure none of us desire to
criticise any action of His Majesty's Government, but I think
it was injudicious on the part of the Admiralty to have
issued those instructions last month with regard to the
differential treatment of the officers and men of the German
submarines. Every single person one speaks to on this sub-
ject has but one opinion on the point — namely, that the
instructions were of a singularly injudicious character. I
would venture to quote what was said only last Monday in
416

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the Daily News : ' It is doubtful whether we are wise, even
in the case of the submarine murderers, to give Germany
the excuse of inflicting more misery on the British prisoners
of war/ And I saw on March 23, a letter in The Times,
signed by Admiral Sir William Kennedy, in which he said :
' All this talk about treating the officers and crews of German
submarines as pirates and hanging them or treating them
differently from other prisoners is nonsense/ Now, what
has been the net result of these instructions of the Admiralty ?
The net result is that we have, on the credit side of the
account, a handful of German prisoners, officers and men,
who were captured from one of these submarines, and are, I
fancy, detained in naval barracks somewhere on the south
coast. But their detention appears to be of a very mild
character, and mitigated, as the White Paper shows, by the
admission of German newspapers and by other amenities.
The net result on the debit side is that there are thirty-nine
British officers in Germany undergoing one of the most
deplorable punishments that could be devised — namely, soli-
tary imprisonment for an indefinite period. I do not know
whether it will be the opinion of any other noble Lords, but
I do not think it would affect the national honour if our
Government were to inform the German Government, through
the United States Embassy or in any other way open to them,
that, for the sake of our officers, and only for the sake of our
officers, we were prepared to give the submarine crews the
same treatment as the other German prisoners of war in this
country, provided that there was an immediate, proper, and
decent treatment of the British officers and men who have
the misfortune to be prisoners of war in Germany.

The EARL OF ALBEMARLE : My Lords, will you allow me
two minutes in which to make a formal protest ? I feel that
I need make no excuse for addressing you for a brief space,
inasmuch as I am deeply interested in the question that is
now before your Lordships* House. My only reason for doing
so — I have, by the way, three sons serving His Majesty with
the colours — is that my third son is one of the officers who
are undergoing this special punishment in Germany, and I
desire to enter a formal protest against, and to record my
horror at what has been done in the last few days by the
arrest of these thirty-nine gallant officers. The ground has
NAVAL 4 2 D 417

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

been so fully covered that I will not say more upon that
subject.

But your Lordships will allow me, perhaps, to say that the
other day I represented to the First Lord of the Admiralty
that it was solely and entirely due to his action that this
state of things has arisen. He might have taken the steps
which he thought fit in respect of the submarine officers and
men now imprisoned in this country, but I cannot see why
anything should have been said about it. The Admiralty
1 [See communique of March 9 1 — it is familiar to your Lordships,

P- 99-] and therefore I need not trouble to read it through — stated
that the Board of Admiralty did not consider themselves
justified in extending honourable treatment to the officers
and men rescued from the submarine U 8 ; and in the last
paragraph the communique stated that ' Persons against whom
such charges are pending must be the subject of special
restrictions and cannot be accorded the distinction of their
rank or be allowed to mingle with other prisoners of war/
That is all very well, but I hope that before the House rises
this evening we shall hear whether it is the First Lord of the
Admiralty .who is responsible for this procedure or whether
he has the full support of the Cabinet. We all know that
the First Lord of the Admiralty is a brave man on the field
of battle, and a brave man on the field of politics, and is not
a man to shelter himself behind anybody ; and when I repre-
sented to him the other day that I felt very keenly, not only
about my own son but equally about all the other officers,
he was only too ready to say, * Yes ; I have laid down this
policy, and I am going to adhere to this or that ' — I cannot
repeat exactly what he said. I would like to have some assur-
ance from the Government whether this -policy has their
support or has not their support. From what I have heard
and seen I think that if this matter had been left in the
hands of the Foreign Office, we should have heard of no
reprisals, and matters would have been amicably and satis-
factorily adjusted between the two countries with the aid of
the American Ambassador.

The PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND
FISHERIES (LORD LUCAS) : . . . I come now to the question
of the treatment of the crews of these submarines. I think
it should be explained at once that their special treatment
418

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

was not a question of reprisals. It was not done from the
point of view of a reprisal, but, if I may so express it, as an
expression of the highest kind of moral disapproval of what
was being done. You were faced by an action on the part
of these men which was unique in civilised warfare. I need
not go into the number of actions by submarines. These facts
are familiar to every one. But it was felt very strongly that
there should be some sort of expression of the most severe
disapproval. These people were therefore treated as a
separate class. But it is important in this context that it
should be quite clearly understood by every one concerned,
that these men are to be treated according to conditions laid
down by The Hague Convention. In all these things we
entirely agree that there is only one standard on which we
can go, and that is the standard laid down by international
law ; and nothing has yet occurred, though there has been a
great deal of provocation, which can tempt us to depart
from that course.

We are in negotiation, again through the American
Ambassador in Berlin, to obtain inspection of the conditions
under which the thirty-nine officers referred to are living.
We have not yet received an answer to our application, but
we hope that it will come, though it is impossible for me to
say for certain at the present time. What we are aiming at
is to secure inspection so that we may obtain information as
to what the conditions are under which these officers live.
That is an indispensable preliminary to any action. . ..>.

The EARL OF CAMPERDOWN : The noble Lord has omitted
to answer one very important point with reference to the
Admiralty circular which I am sure we all agree was the
origin of the retaliation by the Germans. If any individual
member of a Cabinet is to issue circulars of that kind, it seems
to me that he is taking upon himself a very grave responsi-
bility— a responsibility which no single member of any Cabinet
ought to be able to assume. What we wish to know is
whether this circular originated with the First Lord of the
Admiralty alone, or had it the approval of the Cabinet ?

LORD LUCAS : I can only answer the noble Earl's inquiry
in general terms. As I understand the constitution of this
country, there is only one form of decision in matters of this
kind — the decision of the whole Government. The decision

419

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

with which we are dealing, like all other decisions, was the
decision of the Government as a whole. And in this matter
I hope that the present Cabinet is not less nor more constitu-
tional than other Cabinets.

EARL CURZON OF KEDLESTON : My Lords, I do not know
that we have received much consolation from the last reply
with which the noble Lord has favoured us. We all know
the constitutional position — that a Minister speaks on behalf
of his colleagues, with their knowledge and consent. But, as
the noble Lord knows very well, since the commencement of
this war there has been more than one case in which there
has been an appearance of independent action on the part
of one Minister in particular — the First Lord of the Admir-
alty ; and the noble Lord must not be surprised if the con-
tinued recurrence of these incidents is called attention to in
this House, as it has undoubtedly caused profound disquiet
and anxiety in the country. There is an appearance from
time to time of independent action on the part of this Minister
— action which raises doubts as to whether it is supported
by his colleagues at the Admiralty, and also whether the
course in question could conceivably have been approved by
the Government as a whole. I do not desire to press the
matter unduly. But no member of the Government can be
ignorant of the fact that those doubts are felt, and the Govern-
ment should practise greater care in their action, and still
more in the control they exercise over their colleague, than
has hitherto been the case.

While saying that the last few remarks of the noble
Lord in reply to Lord Camperdown do not give us much
solace, I think that from his speech we could derive more
satisfaction. He gave us what I understand to be the Minis-
terial explanation of what was in their minds when this
Admiralty declaration was made. I only wish that that
explanation had been given rather earlier in the day. The
noble Lord told us this afternoon that the Government, in
authorising this statement — if they did — were merely empha-
sising the high moral considerations which they entertain in
regard to the action of these German submarines. So far so
good. We are entirely with them in that matter. But why
did they allow the enunciation of this moral principle to be
couched in such a form ? Can anybody doubt that the
420

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

publication of that announcement to the world, urbi et orbi,
in the form which was adopted, did suggest that it was a
deliberate statement on the part of our Government of an
intention to exact reprisals ? I need not enter into the
question of reprisals. I think we are all agreed about it,
from the most reverend Primate down to every layman who
has spoken this evening. But the form in which the Pro-
clamation was made undoubtedly was open to grave mis-
interpretation. We all abhor the acts of the German Govern-
ment which led to the announcement in question, but I
would counsel His Majesty's Government, if I may do so
without impertinence, to be rather more careful as to the way
in which they make their statements, all the more because
the sufferings of which we complain to-night are, without a
doubt, the consequence of the mistake made on that occasion.
LORD COURTNEY OF PENWITH : My Lords, I do not wish
to enter into this discussion for the purpose of inquiring into
the indiscretion, real or imaginary, of the First Lord of the
Admiralty ; but I must say, in justice to the right hon. gentle-
man, that I seem to remember an utterance by the First Lord
of the Treasury which adumbrated, if it did not suggest, the
exact words of the circular. But I leave that.

PRISONERS OF WAR (TREATMENT OF
BRITISH OFFICERS)

House of Commons, April 27, 1915.

MR. CATHCART WASON asked the Secretary of State for Hansard.
Foreign Affairs if he has any official information showing
that British officers have been condemned to solitary con-
finement in fortresses in Germany ; and, if so, whether he
will solicit the assistance of the United States Ambassador
to make it clear to the German Government that, while this
country will not descend to retaliatory measures on German
officers, the Kaiser and those responsible for the outrage will
be held to strict account ? .

The SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS (SiR
EDWARD GREY) : The matters raised in the question of the
hon. member will be dealt with in the debate which will take
place to-day, and that will be the more convenient course.

421

•

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A:

GERMAN SUBMARINE CREWS

House of Commons, April 27, 1915.

Hansard. MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT asked the First Lord of the

Admiralty (i) whether any regulations have been made with
regard to the differential treatment of prisoners captured in
German submarines ; in what respects this treatment differs
from that accorded to other persons ; whether this treat-
ment applies to all submarine prisoners, and, if not, on what
principle is discrimination made between them ; whether he
will state the total number of prisoners now subject to such
differential treatment ; and (2) whether the treatment accorded
to German submarine prisoners is penal in character ; and
whether it is proposed to put them on trial on any charge ?

The FIRST LORD OF THE AD'MIRALTY (MR. CHURCHILL) : No
special conditions are applied to German submarine prisoners
because they fight in submarines ; but special conditions are
applied to prisoners who have been engaged in wantonly
killing non-combatants, neutrals, and women on the high
seas. Submarine prisoners taken before i8th February have
been treated as any other prisoners in our hands. But we
cannot recognise persons who are systematically employed
in the sinking of merchant ships and fishing boats, often
without warning, and regardless of the loss of life entailed,
as on the same footing as honourable soldiers. Incidents
such as the sinking of the Oriole by night, without warning,
with all her crew, the circumstances attending the sinking of
the Falaba, and the blowing up by torpedoes of fishing vessels,
through the agency of German submarines, force us for the
future to place all German submarine prisoners taken after
i8th February, and for as long as this system of warfare is
continued, in a distinct and separate category. The question
is not free from difficulty, because as the crimes committed
are entirely unforeseen in international law, no remedy has
been prescribed. We cannot tell at present how far it may
be possible at the end of the war to bring home the guilt
of their actions, directly or indirectly, to individuals ; nor in
what form reparation of a special character should be exacted
from the guilty State. Meanwhile, we consider it just and
necessary that the prisoners concerned should be separated
422

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

from honourable prisoners of war who are free from all
reproach.

The conditions under which they are interned are in every
respect humane. I do not propose to go into the details of
their treatment here, because it is better that that should be
the subject of neutral investigation. We have offered to
allow a representative of the United States Government to
visit the prisoners, and make a report on the conditions of
their captivity, provided reciprocal facilities are accorded.
There are at present thirty-nine German submarine prisoners
who are thus separately interned. We cannot admit that
the reprisals which have been taken against a number of our
own officers can be allowed to deflect us from a policy which
we regard as humane and just in itself, and as a necessary
means of publicly branding a barbarous form of warfare, and
of preventing it from taking its place among methods open
to belligerent nations. Whatever, material ill-usage is in-
flicted upon the gallant gentlemen upon whom it is in the
power of the Germans to revenge themselves, they will have
the consolation that no charge can be made against their
conduct as honourable soldiers.

MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT : Will the right hon. gentleman
say whether it would not be advisable for him to state fully
and definitely what are the exact conditions of imprisonment
of these persons, and not leave the matter wrapped in mystery,
in view of the fact that certain evils may proceed from any
mystery that is allowed to surround the matter ?

MR. CHURCHILL : I thought myself that it would be more
efficacious that a report should be made by a representative
of a neutral State, because on both sides —

LORD ROBERT CECIL : Why should not both be done ?

MR. CHURCHILL : I do not think it necessary to object to
that at all, if that is the general opinion of the House—

MR. CHAMBERLAIN : To see if reciprocal treatment could
be arranged ?

MR. CHURCHILL : But if a question is put on the Paper,
I will have an answer prepared. It is necessary in these
matters to be precise. They are not suited to any loose
description by word of mouth.

SIR HENRY DALZIEL : Does the right hon. gentleman
consider the submarine officers more guilty than the officers

423

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

who bombarded Scarborough and killed women and children,
and who are now at Donnington Hall ?

MR. LOUGH : Would my right hon. friend say whether
he does not think that the question of reflection upon the
character of these officers is affected by the question that
they acted under orders, and, indeed, might be shot if they
did not obey those orders ?

MR. CHURCHILL : All these points have been very carefully
considered, and we have arrived at the conclusion that a
distinction must be drawn in regard to the conduct of these
men.

MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT : Can the right hon. gentleman
make any statement as to the number of prisoners who come
within the category ?

MR. MAcM ASTER : Is there anything in the treatment
extended to these prisoners that is at all contrary to the
obligations and provisions of the Geneva — [An HON. MEMBER :
' Hague ! '] — Convention ?

MR. CHURCHILL : I think it much better that the case
should be stated in full detail after an impartial and neutral
investigation has taken place.

ROYAL DOCKYARDS (INCREASED PAY)

House of Commons, April 27, 1915.

MR. TYSON WILSON asked the Secretary to the Admiralty
if he is aware that dissatisfaction prevails in the Royal dock-
yards regarding the manner in which the arrears of increased
pay are being paid ; whether he will take steps to expedite
the payment ; and whether he is aware that the increase is
only being paid on a 48-hour week, though many of the men
have worked 60 or 70 hours per week ?

DR. MACNAMARA : In respect of the increases in rates of
wages which were granted in replies to the workmen's petitions,
and announced in February last, the Admiralty decision was
that the increases should take effect as from the ist October
in so far as they related to ordinary time wages. So far as is
known, there has not been any general delay in making the
back payments, but any particular cases in which there has
been delay could be investigated if brought to notice. I may
observe that since the increases in wages in question were
424

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

granted emergency increases have been granted on the award
of the Committee on Production.

MEDICAL CONSULTANTS

COMMANDER BELLAIRS asked the First Lord of the ibid.
Admiralty whether any sums of over £3000 a year are being
paid to doctors and surgeons in civil life as retainers for their
services ; if so, in what cases and what amounts ; and whether
the arrangement was made prior to the war and allows of
private practice as well ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The following consultants are paid
over £3000 per annum : Cheatle, G. L., Esq., C.B., C.V.O.,
F.R.C.S., £5000 per annum ; Cheyne, Sir W. W., Bart., C.B.,
F.R.C.S., £5000 per annum ; Johnson, Raymond, Esq., M.B.,
F.R.C.S., £5000 per annum ; Macewen, Sir W., F.R.C.S.,
£5000 per annum ; Rolleston, H. D., Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S.,
£5000 per annum ; Turner, C. R., Esq., F.R.C.S., £5000 per
annum. The employment of eight consultants was approved
previous to the outbreak of war. The whole time of these
consultants is at the disposal of the Admiralty, and they are
under similar regulations with regard to private practice as
all other medical officers serving, namely, private practice
is not forbidden, but must not in any way interfere with the
performance of an officer's naval duties.

FALKLAND ISLANDS BATTLE

MR. NEVILLE asked the First Lord of the Admiralty ibid.
whether Admiral Sir Doveton Sturdee's despatch relative to
his expedition to, and the naval action fought near, the
Falklands Islands has been published in its entirety, or have
any parts been omitted in the despatch as published ?

MR. CHURCHILL : All despatches are carefully edited by
the Admiralty, and in the case of the Grand Fleet Squadrons
by the Commander-in-Chief as well ; and nothing is allowed
to appear which throws too much light on British naval
tactics or gunnery. Recommendations in regard to indi-
viduals are only made public to the extent and in the form
in which they are concurred in by the Admiralty.

425

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

PRISONERS OF WAR

House of Commons, April 27, 1915.

Hansard. SIR F. BANBURY : I beg to move, ' That, in view of the

grave statements that have been made regarding the treat-
ment of prisoners of war in Germany, this House requests
His Majesty's Government to take all the means in their
power to ensure their better treatment in the future/ . . .

There was a question, asked to-day about the officers who
have been interned in Germany in solitary confinement, in
consequence of the treatment which has been meted out to
the thirty-nine officers and the crew of the submarines, who
have been captured. So far as I know the officers and crew
of the submarines, if they have been treated differently from
the other prisoners of war, have been treated in a humane
manner, whereas the thirty-nine British officers who have
been taken by the Germans have, in some instances, not been
treated in a humane way. An old friend of mine wrote to
me the other day on hearing that I was to raise this question
in the House, and she sent me a letter from her niece who is
engaged to be married to one of these officers who have
been placed in a common gaol in Germany. From that
letter, which I have in my pocket, it appears that this gentle-
man is wounded. I think he is wounded in the lung. They
thought he was dead, but they found out later that he was
alive, but in a very weak condition, and still suffering from
this wound in the lung. In the letter this lady says : ' Why
cannot they take an unwounded man it it is necessary to
make a reprisal of that sort ? Why do they take a wounded
man, and put a poor, weak, wounded man in solitary confine-
ment, where he has to clean his own cell and so on ? I should
not have minded so much if he had only been strong and
well, because I know he would have borne it for the sake of
his country/ It seems to me almost incredible that any
nation calling itself a civilised nation should do a thing like
that. I think the fact, and it is an undoubted fact that that
has been done, should be made known all over the country. . . .

SIR HENRY DALZIEL : . . . I should like to say a word on
another aspect of the case. Nothing has been said in regard
to the question of reprisals. There is the isolation of the
426

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

thirty-nine officers in Germany, and the treatment of them as
felons. This is a very serious matter indeed. Something, I
hope, will be done — I do not know how — to find a way out by
which that intolerable state of things may come to an end.
It may be by neutral inquiry in some way. I wish we could
say that we are entirely free ourselves in regard to this matter.
So far as we are concerned, I think the dramatic announce-
ment of the manner in which we are going to treat the sub-
marine officers, almost as though it had been a great naval
victory, was ill-advised, and in itself was a great political
blunder. If we had desired to treat these German submarine
officers differently it could have been perfectly well done, and
still they might have been treated most humanely — because
there is no officer treated badly in this country. I venture
to say that the treatment which is being meted out here to
these German submarine officers is a very great deal better
than that meted out to any British officer in Germany ;
although there is not the shadow of a doubt that the result
of making that announcement has given the impression that
we were treating them practically as felons, and punishing
them in a way that could not be defended. That policy was,
I say, a mistake, and the manner in which it was announced
was a still greater mistake.

For my part, as I indicated in the question I put to the
First Lord to-day, I cannot for the life of me see where the
difference comes in between the German submarine officers
who sink ships and the officers of the Blucher, or anybody
else who killed women and children at Scarborough, and who,
some of them, are now at Donnington Hall. They were carry-
ing out the orders of their Government. So were the German
submarine officers, though, of course, I do not defend the
latter. But that aspect is one for consideration when you
come to consider the punishment which ought to be meted
out. We have acted in this matter in a way that is not
calculated to help our fellow-countrymen in Germany. In
every step we take in regard to the Germans — civilians and
soldiers — in this country, we ought to weigh well how far it
is going to help or injure the condition of things in regard to
our own people in Germany. Our action was a mistake
from the beginning ; it was totally unjustified, in my opinion,
from any point of view, and I do hope there will be a way

427

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

found whereby we will make this matter straight ; for, unless
we do that the question of reprisals will get much worse for
our own people than they will for the Germans.

In reprisals the Germans will stick at nothing. They do
things we should never do, no matter what happens. We,
therefore, ought to bear that in mind, whatever they do,
that our policy in this country ought to be to treat our
prisoners humanely and fairly and not injuriously. If we
start on a policy of reprisals we are not going to get anything
from it at all. On the contrary, our own men in Germany
would suffer as a result of that policy. Therefore I say we
are indebted to the hon. Baronet for raising this question
to-day. It is one that has been rather neglected. I am
certain of this, however, that a state of mind is gradually
arising outside, and once the country gets to know the facts
the people will not allow the Government to tolerate the
horrors that are going on in Germany. I am certain that
the Under-Secretary is sympathetic in this matter, and I
hope he will be able to give us a statement to-day which will
be much more hopeful than any of the information we have
up to the present.

LORD ROBERT CECIL : ... I see it is suggested, and by
some of the hon. gentlemen who sit near me, that, at any
rate, we might cut off the luxuries, as they call them, which
we give to the German prisoners here. If we are giving them
real luxuries, they ought to be cut off on the merits. We are
bound to treat the Germans, as I hope we do, only according
to the terms of The Hague Convention. I should look with
great disfavour upon any modification of that treatment.
After all, we want to improve the condition of the treatment
of our fellow-subjects in Germany. We believe — at least I
believe — that a great deal of ill-treatment is the result of
deliberate policy of the high military command in Germany.
Is it possible that you are going to affect the high military
command in Germany by saying that some of the prisoners
here are not to have so much tobacco, or are to have a few
shillings less a week, or anything of that kind ? They will
not be affected in the least degree ; they are not that kind of
men at all, and, therefore, I do not myself believe that that
policy would succeed in the least, and I must say I associate
myself for the same reason with a good deal — perhaps not
428

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

everything — of what fell from the right hon. gentleman with
reference to the treatment of the submarine prisoners. I am
not concerned with the abstract justice of making a distinc-
tion between these prisoners ; I want to treat the matter
purely practically. What good are you going to do by any
particular policy you adopt, and I confess I agree very
largely with the right hon. gentleman's criticism of the actual
policy, and entirely with him in his criticism of the way in
which it was announced. I dislike histrionics at all times,
particularly when it is a very serious matter of this descrip-
tion. . . .

LORD C. BERESFORD : ... I do not think the thirty-nine
officers will suffer so much. They will probably be put in a
gaol where there is proper ventilation. No doubt they will
have solitary confinement, but the whole world knows their
names, and the Germans, in spite of their brutality, will not
murder them. All the others — there are thousands of them —
are kept in these sheds which are not ventilated, with filthy
floors and disgusting sanitary arrangements. . . .

MR. DICKINSON : . . . I cannot help thinking that we
are making another mistake which will have a similar effect
of hardship to prisoners in Germany. That is the one already
referred to, namely, the action taken with regard to the
officers in the submarines. It may be justifiable under inter-
national law. I will not argue that, although I doubt it
myself, but it was a very great error and mistake. The
result has been that the German Government have taken it
up in order to inflict hardships upon many of our finest
officers, for whom we must feel the greatest sympathy. I
have no doubt whatever that if these officers themselves were
asked, they would say to us, ' Do not stir a finger to release
us. We will bear our trials like men, and we do not want
you to ask any favour on our account from the German
Government/ That does not release us from the obligation
of doing what we can to remedy that state of things. Inas-
much as the initial mistake was made by our announcement
that we were going to treat the captive officers of the sub-
marines differently, when, as a matter of fact, we did not
treat them differently, except by putting them into different
residences — inasmuch as we made that mistake, we had
better retreat from that position, or at any rate see whether

429

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

we cannot come to some further arrangement about prisoners
so as to get rid of this difficulty and liberate the unfortunate
men who, in solitary confinement, must undoubtedly be
undergoing hardships which are cruel, and certainly not con-
sistent with international law. This might be done by intro-
ducing again in this particular special case the good services
of some neutral Power. I had a good deal to do with the late
Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and recognise his great
ability in dealing with this particular subject. I have .no
doubt the Foreign Office could obtain the services of some
neutral to negotiate in just the same way as they succeeded
in obtaining what was a very great concession, the repre-
sentative of the United States who visited the camps in
Germany. I trust we shall not let this matter of the officers
at present in solitary confinement in Germany drop simply
by threatening what we will do at the end of the war when we
do not even see the end of the war, and have no more means
of judging what it will be than the Germans themselves. I
hope we shall have this matter attended to rapidly for the
benefit of these men who have been picked out by a very
cruel Government because they think that by so doing they
can force us to make some other concessions. Let us try
and see whether the Ambassador of a neutral Power cannot
arrange this matter by appealing to the better sense which
still remains in Germany, and then we shall have done some
good to these men who are suffering on our behalf.

MR. STEWART : . . . I should like to associate myself with
the remarks of the hon. gentleman [Sir H. Dalziel] on the
impossibility of retaliation, and about the mistake made in
putting the submarine officers into special confinement and
giving the Germans an excuse for what they have done. I
think we should not be too proud to retreat from that position
if, by so doing, we can benefit in some way the men who are
now suffering from a foolish Departmental action of this kind.
It is against our English ideas that the sins of one man should
be visited upon another, and because the German High
Admiral has brought indelible disgrace upon the German
naval uniform by the orders he gave his officers, I am certain
that there is no man in this country who would feel that we
were doing any good in taking steps to impose hardships on
his own son, who is now a prisoner in this country. That
430

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Germany has so far forgotten herself is to be regretted, but
we cannot follow in her footsteps. . . .

MR. MACMASTER : . . . Though the course which has been
taken was taken in good faith, I think that it was a great
mistake for any one to have said that we will give different
treatment to submarine prisoners from that which we give
to others. I believe that when the facts are investigated and
known, it will be found that the submarine prisoners in this
country are getting all the humane treatment which The
Hague Convention provides for them, and that it is all moon-
shine about them being kept in close confinement, though it
has been made an excuse for Germany to intern some of our
people under very severe conditions.

Mistake though it is, it may not be too late to retract it.
I believe that the best thing to do now is to have these sub-
marine prisoners inspected, their conditions ascertained, to
give the result to this House, and let it go forth to the public,
to the world, and to Germany, and if Germany in face of all
that pretends to make the excuse that they are not properly
treated, and goes on to persecute our prisoners in that country,
we may not help it for the moment ; but I believe that a day
of reckoning is coming, and Germany must be told, through
the force of public opinion in this country, that the day of
accountability will come, and that it will not be those in
subordinate positions who executed the orders who will be
held to account, but those in high authority, because we
know that by one word from them this bad treatment might
have been stopped. We know that the insensate hate of
England might have been prevented if the German Emperor
and those associated with him in the conduct of this war,
had issued but the faintest suggestion that their wish was
that our prisoners should receive the humane treatment
provided under The Hague Convention. Nothing will deter
them from continuing their course except they see that we
are firmly resolved to take note of what they are doing, and
to hold them to strict account when the day of reckoning
comes. We may remind them that their seat of power is not
secure, that we have sent a greater man than William to
St. Helena, and that we will yet have to deal with the German
authorities who have so persecuted our countrymen.

MR. SANDERSON : . . . I think that for the future all our

43*

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

prisoners in this country should be dealt with in the same
way. Personally, I think it is no use saying that we will
treat the crews of the submarines differently from other
prisoners. I am not going to discuss it further than this.
An instance was given by the right hon. gentleman opposite
to-day. What good does it do anybody ? Further than that,
to make a statement that you are going to treat the crews
of the submarines differently by keeping them separate from
other prisoners because they are not fit to associate with them,
to my mind, and I speak with some hesitation, was simply a
piece of absolute folly. I do not know who was responsible
for it. I have my suspicions, especially after what was said
just now in another place. As I understand, the Government
have taken responsibility for it. What could be the result
of a statement of that kind ? It could not possibly deter
the crews of any other submarine from doing what that crew
had done. The Germans were not going to be prevented
from carrying out their orders by being told that they would
be separated from other German prisoners, but that they
would get better treatment than any of our prisoners in
Germany. The only result that could possibly occur was
this, that we were gratuitously giving the Germans an oppor-
tunity, and a pretext for treating some of our prisoners in the
way they have treated them.

I am bound to say I do not envy the person or people
who were responsible for that extreme act of foolishness,
because if they will only think about it, they must come to
the conclusion that they and they alone are responsible now
for the indignity which has been imposed upon no less than
thirty-nine of our officers in Germany. If it had not been
for that act, those thirty-nine officers would not at the
present moment have been interned and treated as common
prisoners. I hope nothing of the kind will ever be done
again. Let us make it clear with regard to all prisoners of
war that we shall treat them in the same humane manner, as
we have treated them in the past, and do not let us in any
shape or form give Germany a pretext for the ill-treatment
of our prisoners. My object in rising, and the only object
of everybody, is, if possible, to mitigate the conditions under
which our poor countrymen are living in Germany. I am
perfectly certain that the only way to do so is for ourselves
43*

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

to treat them in a humane manner, all of them, and make it
plain, with the assistance of France and Russia, and the
whole world, that if the Germans do not do the same we will
hold those who are guilty liable to the last extent.

SIR WALTER ESSEX (indistinctly heard) : I cannot agree
with the last speaker altogether in the matter of the sub-
marine prisoners, although in what he has said in the main
I agree with him. I do not think I agree quite with what
anybody has said on the subject, except the hon. member
who represents the Foreign Office, and it seemed to me that
he put the true position when he said that we have no pre-
cedents whereby we may guide ourselves in our treatment
of these men. Neither The Hague Convention nor any of
the other various arrangements made internationally provide
for these unexpected and unprecedented events. Again, I
would ask the hon. gentleman opposite to remember the
temper we were all in, and the horror and indignation with
which we heard of those outrages against all previous prac-
tices and humane ideas of war, when crews were sent to the
bottom composed of simple, honest sailors harmlessly going
about their business, and when we had women and children
sent to the bottom without any attempt being made to
rescue or help them, and, as one report had it, with jeers
and laughter meeting them in their death struggles. It was
a submarine to which that story attached. With that
indignation has grown a good deal of the power which forced
forward the policy which has been adopted. It has been
pointed out that what these men have done was done under
orders, and that they were bound to do it, just as, if we
can conceive our submarines engaging in such a practice, if
our men were ordered to do so they would be bound to obey
orders. But I do think the Government is right in keeping
those people apart. Ihe charge we make against them, and
that has been committed against civilisation, has been com-
mitted by them in an unprecedented way, and we have no
law laid down by which we may guide ourselves. But at
least we may signalise a unique practice that has crept into
the naval aspect of this war by keeping these people separate
until we have decided what shall be done, and by that separate-
ness recognising them as a clasS of prisoners apart, and in
doing that we shall have done a very great deal to show the

NAVAL 4 2 E 433

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

peoples of the neutral countries of the world what our feelings
in this matter are. . . .

MR. KING : . . . I venture to speak in order to call atten-
tion to two omissions which I noted in the hon. gentleman's
[Mr. Acland] speech. I am very sorry that, summing up the
whole debate as he did for the Government, he should not
have said whether the Government intend to accept or to
refuse this motion.

MR. ACLAND : We accept it.

MR. KING : I am very glad he has accepted, and that
gives me the opportunity of referring to the second omission
in his speech. He made no reference to the condemnation
which we had in several speeches on either side of the House
of the policy which the First Lord of the Admiralty defended
to-day in connection with prisoners taken from enemy sub-
marines. As far as I have listened to the debate, there has
been no approval of the policy of the First Lord of the
Admiralty. On the other hand, there have been several most
emphatic condemnations of it, and certainly it has not been
defended by the hon. gentleman who has just sat down, and
has listened to the whole debate. I am sorry the First Lord
of the Admiralty has not been here, and I hope that in the
great and arduous work in which he is, of course, engaged at
his office, he will find time either to read or to have com-
municated to him the condemnation which has been given to
his policy of reprisals on enemy officers. I believe myself
that the one way to ensure better treatment .for our men
who are in captivity is to make it perfectly clear to all the
world that we are treating well and, if possible, better and
better those of our enemies whom we capture and intern here.
I believe the policy of reprisals, though it may have some
justification, will, at any rate, have this result, that it will
make the lot of our fellow-countrymen in captivity harder
than ever.

Question put, and agreed to.

Resolved, ' That in view of the grave statements that
have been made regarding the treatment of prisoners of war
in Germany, this House requests His Majesty's Government
to take all the means in their power to ensure their better
treatment in the future/

434

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ANTI-AIRCRAFT CORPS

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

MR. FELL asked the First Lord of the Admiralty if he will Hansard.
state the number of men of military and non-military age,
respectively, belonging to the Anti- Aircraft Corps, exclusive
of Reserves, at its first formation, on 3ist March last, and
subsequent to the reconstruction of 1st April ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
(DR. MACNAMARA) : At the first formation of the Anti- Aircraft
Corps there were 100 special constables, no record of whose
ages can be found. Up to the 3ist March 1915, 45 per cent,
were of non-military age and 55 per cent, of military age, a
large proportion of those of military age come from His
Majesty's Office of Works and other Government Departments,
who could not release them for more active service. After
the reconstruction, ist April, 46 per cent, were of non-military
age and 54 per cent, of military age. Large numbers of those
of military age are medically unfit for more active service. It
is pointed out that 100 discharges have been granted to officers
and men to join more combatant units of His Majesty's Forces
since the Corps first started in November last, and that over
200 of those in the Corps have served or are serving abroad with
the various anti-aircraft detachments. Any member of the
Corps who wishes to join a more combatant unit is at once
released for this purpose.

MR. FELL : May I ask if all the members of this Corps are
duly enrolled and liable to military discipline ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I should like notice of that question.

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (SUPPLY OF GLASS)

SIR PHILIP MAGNUS asked the First Lord of the Admiralty ibid.
whether the supply of optical glass for the manufacture of
lenses, prisms, and other optical instruments for the use of the
Navy is keeping pace with the immediate requirements of the
Service ; and what steps have been taken to increase the
number of British sources from which the supply may be
drawn ?

DR. MACNAMARA : There has been delay, but so far not of

435

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

a serious character in the supply of optical instruments for
Naval Service. The Admiralty, War Office, and Board of
Trade have been in communication on this matter, and as a
result of joint action a large firm of makers in this country
have greatly increased their output and are still adding to their
plant.

SIR P. MAGNUS : May I point out that the right hon.
gentleman's answer referred to optical instruments. My
question referred to the supply of optical glass, which is
essential to the manufacture of optical instruments ?

DR. MACNAMARA : If I have misunderstood the question,
I will confer with the hon. gentleman.

In reply to a similar question addressed by Sir P. Magnus
to the Under- Secretary of State for War, MR. BAKER said :
There has been some difficulty in procuring a sufficient
supply of optical glass. The British supply is, however, being
largely increased, and is expected to prove sufficient. The
matter is being carefully watched, and further measures will
be taken if found necessary.

SINKING OF STEAMSHIP LA CORRENTINA

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

Hansard. LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admir-

alty whether the Houlder Line steamship La Correntina,
which was sunk by the Kronprinz Wilhelm, was armed for
purposes of self-defence ; and whether, although she was
armed with 4.7 inch guns, she had no ammunition on
board ?

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked whether the Karlsruhe ran
into the British steamer La Correntina, which was armed but
without ammunition ; and can he say whether she was one
of the ships taken over by the Admiralty, or explain the
reason why, seeing that the ship was armed with two 3-inch
guns, no ammunition was on board ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The carrying of ammunition before
the war by merchant ships armed in self-defence raised a
good many difficult questions which were being gradually
adjusted. In a few cases the supply had not been actually
placed on board. The Correntina was one of these.
436

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

GERMAN SUBMARINES (CAPTAINS OF ESCAPED

VESSELS)

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admir- ibid.
alty whether he will give to the House a list of merchant
vessels and the names of their captains that have baffled
German submarines by their bravery and resource ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Many vessels have behaved well in
the face of this new form of attack, but the following have
been selected by the Admiralty as deserving of reward for
specially meritorious services :

Steamship Laertes . Lieutenant William Henry Propert,

R.N.R., D.S.O.
Steamship Thordis . Lieutenant John William Bell, R.N.R.,

D.S.O.
Steamship Vosges . Lieutenant John Richard Green,

R.N.R., D.S.O.

The conduct of the following masters has also been brought
to their Lordships' notice : —

Steamship City of Cambridge \ Alfred George Fry.
Steamship Brussels . . , .. ' Charles Fryatt.
Steamship Theseus . . .,,>•• L. M. Bevan.
Steamship A guila . . * Thomas Ross Banner-
man.
Steamship Hartdale . . . Thomas Martin.

MR. PETO : Am I to understand in the case of those officers
whose services have been brought to the notice of the Admir-
alty that there is to be some consideration as to the matter
of reward ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The last named ?

MR. PETO : Yes.

DR. MACNAMARA : I think that is the case.

ROYAL DOCKYARDS

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the Admir- ibid.
alty whether his attention has been called to the position
of timekeepers in His Majesty's dockyards ; whether he is
aware that on entry they receive 45. a day for seven days'

* " 437

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A

work ; that, taking this work on the basis of six days, this
payment is equivalent to the minimum amount paid to
labourers ; and whether, in view of the importance of the
work done by timekeepers, he will consider the possibility
of some higher remuneration being given, more especially in
view of the fact that no increase of pay has been granted to
timekeepers since 1901, while during that period the wages
of the ordinary labourer have risen from 195. to 245. a week ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The facts are as stated in the first
part of the hon. member's question, though it should be
added that timekeepers are on an incremental scale of pay
rising to a maximum of 355. a week. As regards the latter
part of the question, it is not proposed to authorise any
increase in the normal scale of pay, but the question of allow-
ing timekeepers to participate in the war increases recently
approved for labourers and others is at present under con-
sideration.

MR. TYSON WILSON asked the Secretary to the Admir-
alty if he is aware that the joiners employed by the Admir-
alty at Rosyth have not had their wages increased to the
same extent as those employed at the Royal dockyards,
and that the increase they have received has only been paid
from I2th February while the men in the Royal dockyards
received the increase as from ist October last ; and whether
he will see that the men at Rosyth are treated in the same
manner as those in the Royal dockyards ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The joiners at present employed by
the Admiralty at Rosyth are paid on the basis of the local
outside rate, which at present is gd. per hour. The increase
referred to as paid from I2th February last refers to an
advance to gjd. per hour given to Admiralty joiners in con-
sequence of increased outside rates due to the acceleration
of work at Rosyth. The rates paid and increases recently
given at the Royal dockyards to similar workmen do not
apply.

MR. SNOWDEN asked the Secretary to the Admiralty if a
petition from the additional hired writers in the Nava] Stores
Department at Devonport asking for an increase of wages
from their present rate of 243. a week has been received ;
and, if so, has favourable consideration been given to the
prayer of the petitioners ?
438

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

DR. MACNAMARA : The answer to the first part of the
question is in the affirmative. The application is now being
considered.

SUPPLIES TO GERMANY

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

MR. RONALD M'NEILL asked the Secretary for Foreign Hansard.
Affairs, whether he has received information from consular
or other official sources in Scandinavian countries of the
manner in which foodstuffs and other cargoes are being
systematically conveyed to Germany, notwithstanding an
undertaking to prohibit such re-export by the Government *
of the importing country ; whether the method adopted is
to consign a cargo in proper form to a neutral Baltic port and
on arrival there to reconsign it to another neutral port in
the same or in some neighbouring state, with a secret arrange-
ment for the ostensibly forcible capture of the vessel by the
Germans during the voyage between these two neutral ports ;
and what steps His Majesty's Government propose to take to
stop these supplies reaching the enemy ?

MR. PRIMROSE : Several cases have recently occurred of
ships loaded with grain and oil for Swedish Baltic ports being
seized by German warships and their cargoes detained, under
circumstances which clearly point to collusion between some
individuals and the German authorities. The Swedish
Government have since issued regulations intended to prevent
the recurrence of such incidents, and I trust that if these
prove effective it may not be necessary for His Majesty's
Government to take any special measures in the matter.

MR. M'NEILL : Suppose they do not prove effective,
will the Government be prepared to take drastic steps ?

MR. PRIMROSE : I think the answer rather suggests that.

MR. PETO asked the Secretary for Foreign Affairs if he
will state what steps are taken at the ports of Genoa and
Savona to inspect the discharge of British ships trading with
America ; whether he has received information that the
steamship Hazlemoor of the Runciman Line, was, on the nth
March, discharging grain at Savona into wagons labelled
Mannheim (Germany) via Basle ; and whether he intends
to take any steps to recall vessels of the British mercantile
marine that may be under time charter, so that they may

439

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

be employed to increase the tonnage available for British
trade and Admiralty service and cease carrying supplies
destined for enemy countries ?

MR. PRIMROSE : It is not advisable to explain in detail
the measures and arrangements on which His Majesty's
Government rely for guarding against the passage of goods
to enemy countries through neutral territory. The owners
of the steamship Hazlemoor have sent me particulars with
'regard to her cargo, which show that it was shipped by Major-
General Carlo Pagani to the order of the Italian Government.
I would further remind the hon. member of the reply given
on 23rd February to the hon. member for Plymouth as to
the presence of German railway trucks in Italy and Switzer-
land. The last point of the hon. member's question should
be addressed to the Admiralty.

[The following is the answer above referred to as having been given
on February 23.

GRAIN SHIPPED TO ITALY

House of Commons, February 23, 1915.

Hansard. MR. SHIRLEY BENN asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

if the British Consuls in Italy have reported that grain shipped in
British vessels to Italy under a guarantee that it is for consumption
in Italy has been discharged int5 German wagons ; and if the British
Consuls in Italy have reported that the cargoes of ships discharging
at Italian ports for the Swiss Government with the Government seal
on their papers have been loaded in German wagons ?

The SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS (SiR EDWARD
GREY) : Reports have from time to time been received that cargoes
for Italy and Switzerland are being discharged into German trucks.
But we are assured by the Italian and Swiss authorities that a certain
number of German trucks are normally circulating on the Italian and
Swiss railways, and represent an equivalent number of Italian and Swiss
trucks on the German railways. The use of German trucks does not,
therefore, in itself indicate that the goods are intended for Germany.]

WRITERS (ROYAL NAVY)

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

Hansard. LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

(i) whether the Admiralty will give equal opportunities to
the writer branch to gain commissioned rank as is now given
to the military and engineering branches of the Navy, and thus
440

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

bring into effect his promise that merit on the lower deck
will be rewarded ; (2) whether the procedure followed in pro-
moting artificer engineers and warrant telegraphists after five
years' service to commissioned warrant rank may be extended
to warrant writers, seeing the advanced age at which they
are promoted ; and (3) whether he will consider the advis-
ability of promoting a number of experienced and qualified
writers to warrant and commissioned rank ; whether he is
aware that the system now adopted for filling the posts of
accountant officers, Royal Navy, by the entry of pursers and
assistant pursers from the mercantile marine and civilian
clerks, has caused dissatisfaction amongst the writers whose
qualifications for naval accountant duties have constantly
been brought before the Admiralty ; and whether these officers
who, by virtue of their commission, should be capable of
supervising the duties of an office are, in most cases, instructed
by the writers ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As I stated in reply to the noble Lord
on 25th November last,1 the question of providing the neces- l [See
sary number of officers for the Accountant Branch was under Naval 2,
consideration of the Admiralty when the war broke out ; but p* 3°5
this question, in common with others, had to be deferred.
As the noble Lord is aware, twelve chief writers have since
been promoted to warrant rank. Whilst I can give no under-
taking as to further promotion, and whilst particular questions
of this kind cannot be dissociated from consideration of the
general question, for dealing with which the present juncture
is scarcely opportune, the matter will not be lost sight of.

LORD C. BERESFORD asked the First Lord of the Admiralty
whether he is aware that several of the twelve warrant writers
promoted in December last are now receiving is. 6d. a day
less in pay and allowances than they received as chief writers
prior to promotion ; what steps it is proposed to take to
remedy this state of affairs ; and why, in view of the shortage
of accountant officers, as shown by the number of entries of
assistant paymasters, Royal Naval Reserve, warrant writers
are not appointed to and utilised in the Fleet as officers
instead of being reappointed to the same duties as they
carried out prior to their promotion ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As regards the first and second parts
of the question, I presume that the noble Lord alludes to the

441

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

loss of separation allowance, which ceased on promotion to
warrant rank. This matter is under consideration, and I
hope soon to make a definite statement about it. As regards
the last part of the question : warrant officers are appointed
to posts where, in the opinion of the Admiralty, they can be
most usefully employed. It has not hitherto been the practice
to appoint them to seagoing ships, and it is hardly the time
at present to make this change, though the whole question of
their employment will be thoroughly reconsidered in con-
nection with the report on the conditions of employment of
accountant officers.

PROFICIENCY PAY

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

Hansard. LORD C. BERESFORD asked the Under Secretary for War

whether the Army Council will now cancel Army Order
No. 96, 1915, and grant proficiency pay to soldiers who entered
from the National Reserve after previous service in the Navy;
whether he is aware that large numbers of these men have
served many years in the Navy and left that service as trained
men and seamen gunners ; and whether he is aware that a
sense of injustice and irritation exists amongst them at the
manner in which they have been treated with regard to pro-
ficiency pay ?

MR. BAKER : The grant of proficiency pay has always
depended on previous military service, and I regret that it was
not possible to make an exception in the case of the men
referred to by the noble Lord.

AIR ATTACK ON AMERICAN STEAMER GUSHING

Rotterdam, April 30.

Times, The American steamer Gushing, which arrived here to-day,

May !» reports that she was attacked on Wednesday (April 28) by

I9I5- German airmen, although the name of the ship was painted on

both sides in letters 6 feet high and she was flying the American

flag. Two bombs were dropped, but they did no damage.

The attack was made in latitude 51 degrees 45 minutes
north, longitude 2 degrees 30 minutes east. — Reuter.

[This point would be about midway between the North Foreland
(Isle of Thanet) and Flushing.]

442

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Philadelphia, May 19.

The oil steamer Gushing has arrived here. Captain Herland Times,
has handed to his employers a report of the attempt of May 20,
German airmen to wreck the vessel by dropping bombs, one I9I5-
of which hit the rail. The captain refers to this as a dastardly
act, and a deliberate attempt to sink an unarmed vessel and
to murder the crew. A copy of the report will be forwarded
to the State Department at Washington. — Renter.

Washington, June 5.

The Note from Germany cabled yesterday by Mr. Gerard, Times,
the American Ambassador in Berlin, to the State Department June 7.
notifying Germany's willingness to pay an indemnity for the I9I5>
damage done to the American steamer Gulflight, and explain-
ing that she was torpedoed by mistake, also states that it has
been impossible to clear up the question of the dropping of
bombs by German aeroplanes on the American steamer
Gushing, and further information regarding the accident is
asked for. The Note says that German airmen only attacked
one ship in the vicinity of the North Hinder lightship, and
that ship was flying no flag and had no neutral markings.
' The attack/ the note says, ' by four bombs was, of course,
not aimed at any American ship. However, considering the
time and place of the occurrence, it is possible that the ship
attacked was the Gushing.' — Renter.

PRISONERS OF WAR

House of Commons, April 29, 1915.

SIR J. D. REES asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Hansard.
Affairs whether he has obtained any information regarding
the treatment of prisoners taken by the Turks or interned in
the Turkish Empire ?

SIR E. GREY : His Majesty's Government have no informa-
tion as to the treatment of the crew of submarine E 15, and on
23rd April requested the United States Ambassador to make
inquiries as to the names of those taken prisoners, but have not
yet received a reply. A certain number of merchant seamen
are interned at Magnesia, near Smyrna. The United States

443

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Consul-General and the British Chaplain at that port are in
touch with them, and the latter, once a week, visits the
prisoners, who have received assistance from the American
Red Cross Society.

GERMAN SUBMARINES

House of Commons, April 28, 1915.

Hansard. MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT asked what are the special condi-

tions to which prisoners from German submarines are subject ?

The PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE BOARD OF
ADMIRALTY (DR. MACNAMARA) : I am informed that pending
the fitting up of a fort which is intended to be their separate
place of internment, the German submarine prisoners taken
since i8th February are at Chatham and Devonport Detention
Barracks. They are not kept in solitary confinement, but
are allowed to exercise in company between breakfast and
dinner, and between dinner and supper. Smoking is also
allowed at certain hours. The officers are allowed to use the
gymnasium, and a room has been provided as a smoking
room. Their dietary is equivalent to the Government rations
supplied to the ordinary prisoners of war, and they are per-
mitted within limits to supplement this dietary by purchase
out of money sent them by their friends. The officers will
receive pay at 2s. 6d. a day. They are permitted to write
letters and to receive letters and parcels within the usual
limits. Facilities for obtaining German or English books are
accorded to them. They are not forced to undertake any
labour, but it is open to them to do so if they wish. The men
are allowed to wait on the officers and clean their rooms.

MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT : In what respect does their treat-
ment differ from that accorded to ordinary prisoners of war ?

DR. MACNAMARA : They are kept separate.

MR. MACCALLUM SCOTT : Is that the only difference ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Speaking offhand, yes.

SIR H. DALZIEL : Can the right hon. gentleman explain
why an announcement was made bearing an entirely different
interpretation as to how they were to be treated ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not know to what my right hon.
friend refers. He should read this statement with the state-

1 [See ment made the day before yesterday.1
pp. 442-4.]

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SIR H. DALZIEL : If it is the case that these officers are so
well treated as the right hon. gentleman has now explained,
why was an announcement made which indicated to the public
that they were to be treated very severely indeed ?

DR. MACNAMARA : As far as I know, the policy laid down
was that after i8th February they were to be separated and
kept by themeslves.

SIR H. DALZIEL : Is it not the case that the answer says
that they are not separated, but that they are allowed to
exercise along with other prisoners ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Let there be no misunderstanding
about that. The answer is that they are not in solitary con-
finement. They are allowed to exercise in company. The
point I am trying to make is that they are kept separate from
other prisoners of war.

MR. JoYNSON-HiCKS : Will the right hon. gentleman have
that important answer communicated to the American
Embassy in order that it may be made public in Germany ?

DR. MACNAMARA was understood to assent.

SIR GEORGE YOUNGER: Have any arrangements been
made since yesterday to allow an independent American
representative to see these prisoners and how they are
treated ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The hon. member will remember that
on Tuesday the First Lord said that he was quite ready to have
an impartial examination of that sort in return for a similar
examination in Germany. Whether anything has been done
in the meantime I cannot say offhand.

SIR G. YOUNGER : Is the right hon. gentleman aware that
an opportunity offers at the present moment to have that
examination made ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I will consider that, yes.

LORD ROBERT CECIL : Can the right hon. gentleman say
whether or not the report in to-day's papers that the American
Embassy in Germany has inspected the conditions of detention
of the thirty-nine British officers is correct, and, if so, whether
that complies with the condition laid down by the First
Lord?

DR. MACNAMARA : I cannot say offhand.

445

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

BRITISH VESSELS SUNK BY GERMAN
SUBMARINES

House of Commons, April 29, 1915.

Hansard . MR. KELLAWAY asked how many British vessels have been

sunk by German submarines in waters outside the North Sea

during the month of February, March, and April, respectively ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The number of British vessels sunk by
German submarines in waters outside the North Sea is:—
Eight during February, seventeen during March, and six
during April, up to the 27th.

MR. KELLAWAY : Can the right hon. gentleman give the
last date in April on which a vessel was sunk ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I am afraid I cannot without notice.

ROYAL DOCKYARDS

ibid. SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE asked the First Lord of the Ad-

miralty whether he is aware that civilian pensioners employed
at the Royal Naval Barracks, Devonport, and Indus, unlike
other dockyard employes called up for service, are not partici-
pating in the 2S. bonus ?

DR. MACNAMARA : If the hon. member refers to pensioners
in receipt of civilian rates of pay, they will receive the emer-
gency increase announced in the award of the Committee on
Production. The award is not applicable to the cases of men
called up but retained in the establishments referred to on
naval work at naval rates of pay.

SIR C. KINLOCH-COOKE asked the First Lord of the Ad-
miralty (i) whether yard-craft men are required, under Clause
35 of Answers to Petitions (page 12), to surrender any special
privileges ; and, if so, will he explain what those privileges
are and the cause of their surrender ; and (2) whether he can
say when the yard-craft men will receive payment in respect
to the concessions recently granted therein ; and will he
explain the cause of the delay that has occurred ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The improvements in wages and con-
ditions of employment of yard-craft men set out in the answers
to petitions were conditional upon the surrender of special
privileges in certain cases. The privileges in question are
certain advantages which were enjoyed by some of the yard-
446

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

craft men in respect of sick leave with pay and medical attend-
ance. I imagine that any delay which may have occurred in
some cases is owing to the hesitation of some of the men to
accept the conditions regarding the surrender of special
privileges previously enjoyed by them. Payment of the in-
creased rates has already been made to those men who have
accepted the conditions.

SIR C. KiNLOCH-CooKE : Are we to understand, unless
they agree to this, that that bonus of 2s. will be stopped ?

DR. MACNAMARA : I do not know what the hon. member
is thinking about in the matter of bonuses. It is not a
question of bonus. We set out new conditions, and the
receipt of the new conditions were contingent upon giving
up certain privileges.

MR. CHARLES DUNCAN : Is it not the fact that the advance
of wages was given to these men because of the increase in
the cost of living, and now, instead of giving them an advance,
the advantages that they have been in receipt of are to be
taken away from them ; therefore, it will be no advance at
all?

DR. MACNAMARA : My hon. friend, if I may respectfully
say so, quite misunderstands. These are the replies of the
officials ; what he refers to is quite a different matter.

SCOTTISH ESTUARIES (YACHTING)

MR. WATT asked the First Lord of the Admiralty whether ibid.
it is the intention of his Department to close the Clyde and
other estuaries of Scotland against yachting during the
approaching summer ; and, if so, whether he will publish
the decision speedily in view of the number of interests
involved ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The Admiralty have decided that
definite limits should be drawn at each harbour or estuary
outside of which no cruising of yachts or pleasure boats can be
allowed. Before a regatta is held within the limits of the
authorised port or waters, the permission of the senior naval
officer should be obtained. Excursion steamer traffic can be
permitted only so far as it serves for conveyance of necessaries
to places off the mainland. All such sailings must be made
under licence from the local naval authorities. These authori-

447

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ties are authorised to publish the limits within which pleasure
cruising, etc., is allowed, and requests for information as
regards particular areas should be addressed to them. In
the case of Scottish waters, the authority concerned is the
Admiral Commanding, Coast of Scotland, Rosyth.

NAVAL LOSSES (OFFICERS AND MEN)

House of Commons, April 29, 1919.

Hansard. MR. JoYNSON-HicKS asked the First Lord of the Admiralty

the number of officers and men of the Royal Navy, Royal
Marines, Royal Naval Reserve, and Royal Naval Volunteer
Reserve killed from the commencement of the war to the 3ist
March 1915, in view of the statement in the Navy List for
April of officers and men killed in action up to the i8th March
1915, giving names which amount to a total of 6606 — 379
officers and 6227 men ?

DR. MACNAMARA : The total number of officers killed down
to 3ist March is 417. The total number of men killed down
to 3ist March is 6313.

PRIZE CLAIMS COMMITTEE

ibid. SIR E. CARSON asked the Secretary to the Admiralty

whether the Prize Claims Committee have made any awards
in respect of claims against ships or cargo condemned in the
Prize Court ; and, if so, whether such awards will be made
public ?

The ATTORNEY-GENERAL (SiR JOHN SIMON) : The right
hon. gentleman will permit me to reply to this question. The
Prize Claims Committee has investigated a number of claims
and arrived at a provisional decision upon them, but no
awards can be made until certain outstanding questions
connected with the Prize Funds have been settled.

SIR E. CARSON : The right hon. gentleman has not answered
the last part of my question. Will the awards be made public ?
May I also ask him : will those sums which are paid as awards
be taken out of the money otherwise given as prize money to
the Navy ?

SIR J. SIMON : The right hon. gentleman puts two further
questions. I understood the last part of his question to be
governed by the words ' if so ' — if any awards have been made,
448

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

whether they will be made public ? My answer was : No
awards have been made. As to whether the awards will be
made public, there is no doubt that they will have to be made
public as soon as they are finally determined upon. The
second question as to the fund out of which the money would
come is one of the matters which are now under consideration
both in respect of the funds in this country and the correspond-
ing funds throughout the Empire.

MR. R. M'NEiLL : What is the position of the Prize Claims
Committee ? Is it a Committee of Appeal from the Prize
Court ?

SIR J. SIMON : No, it is not a Court of Appeal from the
Prize Court. It is a Committee appointed in order to ascer-
tain what charges British subjects may have over goods which
may come into the Prize Court, otherwise many British subjects
would find themselves deprived of what is, in effect, their
property, because that property is condemned in the Prize
Court.

MR. M'NEILL : Those are the facts the Prize Court itself
ascertains ?

SIR J. SIMON : From a very long course of practice the
Prize Court itself pays no attention to that, so that if a German
ship worth £60,000 is mortgaged for £50,000 to an English-
man, the German ship is condemned, the Englishman would
lose his £50,000, unless special provision is made.

SIR E. CARSON : Are there any rules laid down upon which
this Committee is to adjudicate, or is it left entirely at large
to do entirely what the members think proper ?

SIR J. SIMON : The Committee is instructed to report to
the Treasury, and when that report is made it has got to be
considered from the financial point of view by the Treasury.

SIR E. CARSON : Are there any rules governing the ulti-
mate destination of the money which otherwise would be
prize money for the Navy ?

SIR J. SIMON : I have told the right hon. gentleman that
that is one of the matters which is under consideration. It
is not possible, of course, for the Prize Claims Committee to
lay down what shall go to the Navy or not ; that must be a
matter of general policy. All the Committee has to do is to
investigate the value of the claims made by the British
subjects and neutrals who have charges over cargoes and
NAVAL 4 2 F 449

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [.

ships which come before the Prize Courts. They merely have
to report upon the amounts.

MR. M'NEILL : Is that confined to British ships ?

OPERATIONS IN TURKEY

House of Commons, April 29, 1915.

Hansard. MR. JOYNSON-HiCKS asked the Prime Minister (i) whether

the operations by land of His Majesty's Forces now being
conducted in Turkey are controlled by the Secretary of State
for War, or by the First Lord or the Board of Admiralty ;
and by whom or by which Department is their equip-
ment, supply and transport provided ; and (2) in view of the
fact that we have eight wars on hand — in Flanders, in Egypt,
in the Cameroons, in East Africa, in South- West Africa, in
Central Africa, in Persia, and on the North- West Frontier of
India — will he state generally the reasons for withdrawing
troops and ships from these eight wars in order to commence
a ninth war in European Turkey ; and have the admirals
commanding our Fleets at sea and the generals commanding
our troops on land, been consulted before such withdrawals
were made and expressed agreement therewith ?

MR. McKENNA: I must refer the hon. member to the
answer which I gave on the 22nd April to the noble Lord

1 [See the member for Portsmouth.1

P* 393-] [The only answer given on this subject on April 22 was given, not

by Mr. McKenna but by the Prime Minister ; but this answer of the
Prime Minister's appears to be the one to which Mr. McKenna here
refers.]

ROYAL NAVY (MEAT SUPPLIES)

ibid. MR. WILLIAM THORNE asked the First Lord of the Admir-

alty, if purchases of frozen meat and canned meat for use
in the Royal Navy are made separately or in conjunction with
the War Office purchases ; what quantities approximately
were acquired for the use of the Navy from ist August to .
3ist December 1914 ; and what prices were paid by the
Admiralty approximately for these two classes of goods ?

DR. MACNAMARA : Frozen meat for the Navy is obtained
under a special arrangement made by the Board of Trade
with the large importers, which provides for the joint require-
450

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

ments of the Army and Navy. Canned meat for the Navy
is purchased separately from . Army requirements. The
approximate quantities bought and prices paid for meat for
the Navy from ist August to 3ist December 1914, are as
follows : Frozen meat, 2000 tons, chiefly beef ; average price
estimated at slightly over 6d. per pound. Canned meat,
3150 tons ; average price 8Jd. per pound.

HONOUR FOR ADMIRAL GUEPRATTE

Paris, April 29.

The name of Rear-Admiral Guepratte, commanding the
French Naval Division at the Dardanelles, has been included
in the special list of the Legion of Honour under the grade
of commander. — Renter.

SPECIAL PAY FOR NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER, JAMAICA

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 2gth day of April,

Present,
The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial L.G.,
from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the APril 3<>,
Admiralty, dated the I5th day of April 1915, in the words
following, viz. : —

' Whereas by Sections 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that all
pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature thereof,
payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's Naval
or Marine Force to a person being or having been an
Officer, Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in such
manner, and subject to such restrictions, conditions, and
provisions, as are from time to time directed by Order
in Council :

' And whereas we are of opinion that the Officer
appointed for Naval Intelligence Duties at Jamaica
should be granted an allowance in consideration of the
high cost of living in that Island :

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

' We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to sanction the payment of a Colonial Allow-
ance at the rate of £50 per annum to the Officer appointed
for Naval Intelligence Duties at Jamaica, to take effect
as from the 24th day of February 1914, the date on
which the Officer in question took up his appointment.

' The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have signified their concurrence in this proposal/

PAY FOR MOTOR SERVICES IN THE NAVY
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 2gth day of April,

19*5.

Present,

The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

L.G., WHEREAS there was this day read at the Board a Memorial

April 30, from the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the
I9I5- Admiralty, dated the I2th day of April 1915, in the words

following, viz. : —

' Whereas by Section 3 of the Naval and Marine Pay
and Pensions Act, 1865, it is enacted, inter alia, that all
pay, pensions, or other allowances in the nature thereof,
payable in respect of services in Your Majesty's Naval
or Marine Force to a person being or having been an
Officer, Seaman, or Marine therein, shall be paid in such
manner, and subject to such restrictions, conditions,
and provisions, as are from time to time directed by
Order in Council :

' And whereas we consider that provision should be
made for the emoluments of certain Officers and Men
entered in the Royal Naval Division for service in con-
nection with motor vehicles :

' We beg leave humbly to recommend that Your
Majesty may be graciously pleased, by Your Order in
Council, to sanction the following rates of pay for such
452

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Officers and Men, with effect as from the date of their
entry up to and including the 28th February 1915 : —

£ s. d.

Motor Superintendent . . . i o o a day.

Motor Owner Drivers . . i o o ,,

Foreman Fitters . . . . o 15 o „

Road Inspectors . . . . o 15 o ,,

Fitters . . . . .0100,,

Mechanic Drivers . . .0100,,

Motor Store-Keepers . . .076,,

' We further beg leave to recommend that on and
after the ist March 1915, the rate of pay of Motor Owner
Drivers should be on the scale authorised for 2nd Lieu-
tenants, Royal Marines, and that the rates of pay for
the Motor Superintendents, Foreman Fitters, Road
Inspectors, Fitters, Mechanic Drivers, and Motor Store-
Keepers should be continued on the same scale as that
in force up to the 28th February 1915.

' The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury
have signified their concurrence in these proposals/

His Majesty, having taken the said Memorial into con-
sideration, was pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy
Council, to approve of what is therein proposed. And the
Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admir-
alty are to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.

SPECIAL TREATMENT OF SUBMARINE
OFFICERS AND MEN

Admiralty, May 4.

The American Ambassador presents his compliments to P.B.
His Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has
the honour to communicate to him the following transcription
of a telegram, dated April 29, received this morning from the
Ambassador at Berlin :

Pursuant to general arrangement regarding visiting pri-
soners which is still in force here, I personally visited each
of twenty-two of thirty-nine officers arrested April 27 in Burg
and Magdeburg. Each officer is in clean cell, allowed bath,

453

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

books, packages. Can smoke ; one hour exercise morning ;
one hour exercise evening in prison yards ; during exercise
hours can talk together ; food good ; no complaints except
that they are so arrested.

German Government will follow exactly the treatment
given submarine crews as soon as Page can visit prisoners,
and these officers will be again treated like ordinary prisoners
of war the instant I report submarine crews so treated in
England. The treatment accorded officers now is that usual
for German officers in arrest, and is given pending definite
report treatment of submarine crews in England.

London, May I, 1915.

Telegram sent by Mr. Page to the Department of State at
Washington and to American Embassy at Berlin, May
3, 1915. (Published with the consent of the American
Ambassador.)

Lowry visited on Saturday German submarine prisoners,
twenty-nine in number, made up as follows : — four commis-
sioned officers, one warrant engineer officer, twenty-four
enlisted men, interned at Naval Detention Barracks, Chatham
Dockyards. Other ten submarine prisoners are interned at
Naval Detention Barracks, Devonport. Will be visited this
week, to-morrow if possible.

Lowry reports officers and men at Chatham in good health
and supplied with money ; officers receive 2s. 6d. per day
from British Government. None in solitary confinement,
but are kept in separate rooms at night. Size of room, 8 feet
by 12 feet.

Men eat together in one mess and officers together in
another mess. Officers and men have same food. Dietary
composed of bread, cocoa, tea, sugar, potatoes, suet pudding,
pork and pea-soup, cheese, beef, mutton, and milk. Officers
may have butter ; men supplied with margarine. All supplied
with books and tobacco. Officers are allowed servants from
among the crew.

All have use of well-equipped gymnasium daily at stated
periods. Permitted to write letters once a week and to
receive money, parcels, and letters. Both men and officers
454

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

exercise in association, but at different times. Recreation
quarters indoors as well as outdoors.

Officers complained of being held in Detention Barracks
rather than in officers' camps, but no complaint as to quantity
or quality of food. No complaint as to treatment or as to
character of accommodation. Hygiene and sanitary require-
ments excellent. Rooms and all surroundings specklessly
clean.

Lowry is submitting to me detailed report in writing,
which follows by first bag.

(Signed) AMBASSADOR, London.

LOSS OF THE A. £2

The Secretary of the Admiralty makes the following Times,
announcement : — May 19,

A report from Turkish sources states that Submarine A.E 2 I915'
of the Royal Australian Navy, was sunk on April 30 while
endeavouring to enter the Sea of Marmora, and her crew were
taken prisoners.

A further report received through diplomatic channels at
Athens states that three officers and seventeen men were
taken prisoners out of a total of three officers and twenty-nine
men.

No communication having been received from this vessel
since April 26, her loss must be presumed.

The following is a list of the officers : —

Lieut.-Commander Henry Hugh Gordon Dacre Stoker.
Lieut. Geoffrey Arthur Gordon Haggard.
Lieut; John Pitt Gary.

ZEPPELIN RAID IN THE EASTERN COUNTIES

The Cambridge Daily News states that enemy aircraft Times,
appeared over Ipswich shortly after midnight, and dropped April 30,
a number of bombs, setting several buildings on fire.

Ipswich, April 30, 2 A.M.

About 12.20 this morning a Zeppelin passed over Ipswich ibid.
and dropped five bombs, two of which were explosive and

455 .

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

three incendiary. The incendiary bombs fell upon houses in
Brookshall Road, and set three of them on fire. Within ten
minutes of the occurrence the houses were well alight, and
the whole strength of the Fire Brigade was engaged in dealing
with the outbreak. Two of the houses were burnt out.
There was no loss of life and, so far as is known, no one was
injured. Brookshall Road, a middle-class district, is situated
on the western outskirts of the town. All the residents were
in bed at the time, and that they escaped injury is sufficiently
remarkable. It is probably due to the fact that by great
good fortune the bombs dropped on the back of the houses
and not over the sleeping apartments. The back parts of
the houses were set on fire, and the flames spread rapidly to
the main buildings.

One of the most striking experiences of the night was that
of a policeman whose beat included Brookshall Road. He
was in front of one of the houses there when he heard the
engines of the aircraft and, looking up, saw a bomb fall on
the house before which he was standing. It was he who gave
the alarm to the fire brigade. The airship continued its
course over the town, but no further bombs were dropped.
The noise of the explosion caused great excitement, and in-
habitants of the houses which were set on fire ran into the
street scantily clothed.

So far as can be ascertained, says the East Anglian Daily
Times, the only serious damage sustained in Ipswich was
from the bombs which dropped in Brookshall Road. Here
three houses were enveloped in fire, which broke out as the
result of an incendiary missile. All were completely gutted.
One of the bombs in its fall struck No. 60 Brookshall Road,
occupied by Mr. Harry Goodwin, with his wife and daughter,
aged just over twelve years. About twenty minutes past
twelve Mr. Goodwin was aroused by his wife, who heard the
noise of the aircraft engine, and immediately afterwards his
house was struck. The bomb pierced the roof, and fell into
the back bedroom, where Mrs. Goodwin was sleeping and
where it struck a chest of drawers standing in the corner of
the apartment within a few feet of the bed occupied by the
little girl. The chest of drawers immediately burst into
flame. Mr. Goodwin rushed into the room, which appeared
to be enveloped in flame and smoke, and rescued the now
456

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

awakened and frightened girl. Snatching her up in his arms
he carried her out of the house and found her shelter with a
kindly neighbour. Meanwhile the flames spread rapidly and
enveloped the adjoining house, No. 58, occupied by Mr. and
Mrs. Easey, and their son. Mr. Easey had retired to bed
about ii o'clock, and says that he heard the aircraft soon
after midnight. Immediately after the bomb had struck
No. 60, Mr. Easey found that a back bedroom, where his son
was sleeping, was on fire. The family, without waiting to
save any effects, left the house and sought refuge with neigh-
bours. Mr. Alfred Easey, the son, said he heard the bomb
drop on the first house, and the next thing he knew was that
his room was on fire. In No. 56 resided a married couple
named Farnham, who had time to clear out and save some of
their furniture. None of the contents of the other two houses
could be saved. The Corporation Fire Brigade, under Super-
intendent Galloway, was speedily on the scene, but, in view
of the rapid extension of the fire, they could do little beyond
saving other villas immediately adjacent.

Police-constable Claydon, of the Ipswich Borough police,
who was on duty in the Norwich Road district, states that
he was right in front of No. 60 Brookshall Road when, at
12.5, he heard the throb of the propeller of an aircraft. He
watched skyward, but did not see anything. The sound kept
growing louder, until about 12.15, when it appeared right
overhead. He saw a spark descend from the clouds ; it
increased in size until it struck the rear of the house, No. 60,
Brookshall Road. When the bomb fell there was a loud
crash. Claydon at once went to the back of the premises and
found the house in flames. He rushed round to the front and
knocked at the door to find the inhabitants 'were already
alarmed and prepared to leave, which they did immediately.
Claydon added that when the airship left it dropped three
more bombs in the suburb of Whitton.

Bury St. Edmunds, 1.30 A.M.

An airship — believed to be a Zeppelin — passed over Bury
St. Edmunds shortly before i o'clock this morning. A resident
who happened to be in the street at the time states that for
some minutes before the airship appeared overhead he heard

457

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [

the noise of its engine. He was standing at a point from
which he had a good view of the butter market, in the centre
of the town. Suddenly there was a loud noise, and he saw
flames rising from a shop on the south side. An incendiary
bomb was, as he put it, blazing furiously. The shop belonged
to a photographer named Day. An adjoining shop was also
somewhat damaged by fire. Almost immediately afterwards
a second bomb struck a stable about 150 yards away in
another street. Here, too, flames broke out. The airship
passed on to the outskirts of the town, where three more
bombs were dropped. The first of these fell between two
detached cottages standing in a broad road, and a resident,
aroused by the explosion, ran into the road and promptly
poured a pail of water on the blazing bomb. The second and
third bombs fell in a field. After circling the town the air-
ship was last seen going in the direction of the East Coast.

Later. — The raider was clearly seen by several residents,
and was identified as a Zeppelin. It passed over Abbeygate
Street, circled round the town, and dropped more than ten
bombs. The two fires were caused by incendiary bombs,
and at one time the Suffolk Hotel was in danger. St. Andrew's
Hall, Cemetery Road, was also burnt out. Other bombs fell
in York Road, in Westerley Road, Northgate Street, South-
gate Street, and near Hardwick Park.

Felixstowe, 2 A.M.

Almost on the stroke of midnight a Zeppelin's engine was
heard high up, coming in from the North Sea. Although
the moon was shining, a mist hung over the coast, and the
airship, at the height at which it was sailing, was hardly
discernible. Some excitement was caused among the resi-
dents, who are ever on the alert against air raids, and a
number ran into the streets. Every moment a bomb was
expected to fall, and there was deepest relief when it was
ascertained that the Zeppelin had passed over the town
without committing this outrage. Later, news was received
that bombs had been dropped on Ipswich and Bury St.
Edmunds.

458

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Ipswich, April 30.

The alarm of the people of East Anglia at the latest air
raid has rapidly turned to scorn. ' What sort of an enemy
is this/ they say, ' that flies hundreds of miles simply to burn
a few cottages and shops ? ' Blackened beams, charred wood,
a dead dog, and a few pits in the earth are all the evidences
of the midnight raid.

Bombs were dropped on only two towns of any import-
ance, namely, Ipswich and Bury. Just in front of the Presby-
terian Church at Ipswich, and only a few inches from the wall,
is a shell hole where the first bomb fell and failed to explode.
A few yards farther west a similar indentation in the road-
way of Waterloo Street shows where the second fell.

Close by, and still westward, three houses in Rosebery
Villas, Brookshall Road, are completely gutted. They were
fired by bombs which fell shortly after midnight. In two of
the houses, dwellings of the artisan class, children were sleep-
ing. Police-constable Clay don saw one of the projectiles fall,
and gave the alarm without delay. The bomb which fell on
No. 60, the house of a Mr. Goodwin, passed through a room
in which his twelve-year-old daughter was sleeping. In a
few moments three houses (Nos. 56, 58, and 60) were burning
furiously. From the first a family named Farnham escaped
with some of their belongings. From the next a man named
Easey first carried his invalid wife to a place of safety and
then returned for his boy Alfred. From No. 60 Mr. Goodwin,
who had been called by his wife when she heard the engines
of the Zeppelin, took her and his little girl to a neighbour's
house. In both cases the escapes of the children were remark-
able. None of the people of these families were hurt, but
to-day they are suffering more or less from shock.

At Bury St. Edmunds more damage was done. The air-
ship started at a height of 3000 feet, and eye-witnesses state
that in the bright moonlight the occupants of the car were
plainly visible. The first fire broke out in the Butter Market,
followed immediately by another on property belonging to
Mr. Pettit. A soldier who saw the whole thing said that it
seemed to him as if a cartload of bombs were being poured
down.

Meanwhile, in the Butter Market the fire had become

459

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

more serious, a number of shops having been fired by the hail
of incendiary bombs. They were the premises of Mr. Day,
photographer ; Mrs. Wise ; Messrs. Nice, motor works ;
Messrs. Johnson, dyers ; and Miss Clarke, tobacconist. The
brigade had the assistance of the special constables and the
military, but, hard as they worked, they were not able to save
the shops, two of which were burned to the ground. For
some time there was the danger of the fire spreading to the
Suffolk Hotel close by. This was averted, though the out-
break was not quelled till this afternoon. Miss Clarke was
rescued in her night attire, unhurt, but her pet dog was killed,
and this was the only loss of life reported. Mr. Day has
written above his shop window ' Business as usual/ and con-
tinues to take photographs. Of the bombs dropped on Bury
only two seem to have been of an explosive character, the
remainder, fifteen to twenty, being incendiary.

Further reports were received from the East Coast yester-
day of the sighting of Zeppelins over the North Sea.

At Wells-on-Sea, about 6.30 in the evening, some lifeboat-
men saw through a telescope four large bodies distant about
8 miles from land. They were convinced that these were
German airships. When first seen they were coming towards
the East Coast, but a few minutes later they turned back and
were lost to view.

At Lowest oft shortly after 4 o'clock a report was received
that a hostile airship had been seen about 4 miles from
land. British aircraft were sent up. They returned about
an hour later, when it was stated that the hostile airship had
gone seaward and disappeared.

The visit of the airship led to a considerable demand from
the Eastern Counties for insurance. One method adopted by
underwriters for dealing with the proposals was to draw a
straight line from the Humber through London and to charge
a rate of los. per cent, on all property east of the line.
Hitherto, while los. per cent, has been charged for property
on the coast, only 55. per cent, has been quoted on property
more than 5 miles from the sea.

460

I DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

NOTICE OF INTENDED DISTRIBUTION OF NAVAL
SALVAGE MONEY

Department of the A ccountant-General
of the Navy, Admiralty, S.W.,

30th April 1915.

Notice is hereby given to the Officers, Seamen, and Marines, L.G.,
and to all persons interested therein, that the Distribution April 30,
of the award for the Salvage of Casks of Wine by His Majesty's I9I5-
Ship Foyle, between the I2th and I5th October 1913, will
commence on Saturday, the 1st proximo, in the Prize Branch
of the Department of the ' Account ant-General of the Navy,
Admiralty, S.W.'

Agents and other persons holding Powers of Attorney,
Prize Orders, Assignment, or other instruments, by virtue
of which they may be legally entitled to claim the share of
any Officer serving in the above-named Ship, are requested
to present the same at this Office.

All applications from persons entitled to share, who are
not serving afloat, should be addressed ' On Prize Business : —
to the Accountant-General of the Navy, Admiralty, London,
S.W/ Such applications (except in the case of Commissioned
Officers), should be accompanied by Certificates of Service.

The following are the Shares due to an individual in the
several Classes : —

£ s. d.

Commanding Officer -rr . . 3 12 5
5th Class . . ^ . .216
6th „ . . „.' . . i 4 ii
7th „ . . ,, .,. ..109
8th „ . . .:- . o 14 6

9th „ . . . . * o 8 4
loth 042

RUSSIAN STEAMER TORPEDOED

The Russian steamer Sworono, of Marinpol, laden with Times,
coal from Port Talbot to Archangel, was sunk by a German May 3,
submarine on Friday morning (April 30) off the Kerry Coast. I9I5-
It was fired on without warning, the shots being continued

461

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

while the crew were taking to the boats. The men were
rescued by a trawler.

NOTICE TO MARINERS

(No. 360 of the year 1915)

UNITED KINGDOM

• Pilotage Stations established at Certain Ports on
! r~ Account -of Defensive Minefields

P- 325-] Former Notice (No. 292 of 1915 x) hereby cancelled.

L.G., With reference to the extension of the system of Mine

April 30, defence, notice is hereby given that Pilotage is now com-
pulsory at the following ports for all vessels (including fishing
vessels) which have a draught of over eight feet, and that
it is highly dangerous for any vessel to enter or leave such
ports without a pilot. Fishing and other small vessels having
a draught of over eight feet are to assemble at the Pilotage
stations, and will be conducted into and out of port in groups.

(1) FIRTH OF FORTH. — All incoming vessels are only
permitted to enter the Firth of Forth during daylight hours ;
they are to pass between- the Isle of May and Anstruther
Wester, thence they must steer a direct course for Kinghorn
Ness. On approaching Inchkeith, the Pilot vessel in the
North channel is to be closed, and a pilot embarked.

Vessels are warned that they should on no account pass
to the southward of a line joining the north point of the Isle
of May and Kinghorn Ness, until in the longitude of 3° W.,
when course may be shaped for the centre of North channel.

Outward bound vessels should steer to pass the longitude
of 3° W., in latitude 56° 06' 30" N., then shape course to pass
between Anstruther Wester and the Isle of May.

No merchant vessel is permitted to be at an anchorage,
during the hours of official night, West of a line drawn from
Barnes Ness to North Carr Rock, and East of Inchkeith.

The above orders apply to vessels proceeding to any port
in the Firth of Forth, whether to the eastward of Inchkeith
or not.

(2) MORAY FIRTH. — All vessels bound to Cromarty or
Inverness must call for a pilot at Wick or Burghead.

462

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Outgoing vessels are to discharge their pilots at one or
the other of these places.

It is dangerous for any vessel to be under way to the south-
westward of a line joining Findhorn and Tarbat Ness without
a pilot.

(3) SCAPA FLOW. — All entrances are dangerous, and entry
is absolutely prohibited by any of them except as provided
in succeeding paragraphs.

Examination services have been established in the entrances
to Hoxa and Hoy Sounds : vessels wishing to enter must
communicate with the Examination vessel, and follow the
instructions received from her very carefully.

The only vessels permitted to enter Hoy Sound from the
westward are those bound for Stromness : vessels cannot
enter Scapa Flow from Stromness.

Vessels are not permitted to enter Hoxa or Hoy Sounds
by night.

Passage through Cantick Sound is entirely prohibited.

Note. — This Notice is a repetition of Notice No. 292 of
1915, with additions to paragraph (i) relating to the Firth
of Forth.

Authority. — The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

PROMOTIONS, APPOINTMENTS, HONOURS,
AND REWARDS

loth April, 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for L.G.,
the following appointment to the Most Honourable Order of April 10.
the Bath, in recognition of the services of the under-mentioned I9I5-
officer during the chase of the German cruisers Goeben and

Breslau by H.M.S. Gloucester on 6th and 7th August 1914 : —

To be an Additional Member of the Military Division
of the Third Class or Companion

Captain William Archibald Howard Kelly, Royal Navy.

The report of the Gloucester shows that the Goeben
could have caught and sunk her at any time had she dared
to turn upon her. The Goeben was apparently deterred
by the Gloucester's boldness, which gave the impression

463

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

of support close at hand. The combination of audacity
with restraint, unswerving attention to the principal
military object, namely, holding on to the Goeben without
tempting her too much, and strict conformity to orders,
constitute a naval episode which may justly be regarded
as a model.

Admiralty, ioth April 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to approve of the
grant of the Victoria Cross to Commander Henry Peel Ritchie,
Royal Navy, for the conspicuous act of bravery specified
below : —

For most conspicuous bravery on the 28th November
1914, when in command of the searching and demoli-
tion operations at Dar-es- Salaam, East Africa. Though
severely wounded several times, his fortitude and resolution
enabled him to continue to do his duty, inspiring all by his
example, until at his eighth wound he became unconscious.
The interval between his first and last severe wound was
between twenty and twenty-five minutes.

Admiralty, ioth April 1915.

The King has been graciously pleased to give orders for the
following appointments to the Distinguished Service Order,
and for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross to the
under-mentioned officers in recognition of their services as
mentioned :—

To be Companions of the Distinguished Service Order

For services during the operations in the Shatt-el-Arab,
3rd to gth December 1914, resulting in the capture of
Qurnah —
Commander (now Captain) Wilfrid Nunn, Royal Navy.

Commander Nunn displayed great coolness and skill
in handling his ship under fire in difficult conditions of
unsurveyed waters.

For services rendered in the aerial attack on Dunkirk, 23rd
January 1915 —

Squadron Commander Richard Bell Davies.
Flight-Lieutenant Richard Edmund Charles Peirse.
464

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY—NAVAL

These officers have repeatedly attacked the German
submarine station at Ostend and Zeebrugge, being sub-
jected on each occasion to heavy and accurate fire, their
machines being frequently hit. In particular, on 23rd
January, they each discharged eight bombs in an attack
upon submarines alongside the mole at Zeebrugge, flying
down to close range. At the outset of this flight Lieu-
tenant Davies was severely wounded by a bullet in the
thigh, but nevertheless he accomplished his task, handling
his machine for an hour with great skill in spite of pain
and loss of blood.

For services in command of torpedo-boat O^j during the
operations on the Suez Canal, 3rd February 1915 —

Lieutenant-Commander George Bryan Palmes, Royal

Navy.

Lieutenant-Commander Palmes disabled a number
of the enemy's boats intended to be used for crossing the
Canal, and showed coolness and bravery under fire. He
was severely wounded.

To receive the Distinguished Service Cross

For services in the action between H.M.S. Carmania and the
German Armed Merchant Cruiser Cap Trafalgar, on I4th
September 1914, when the latter vessel was sunk —

Chief Gunner Henry Middleton.

Acting Sub-Lieutenant George Frederick Dickens, R.N.R.
Midshipman (now Acting Sub-Lieutenant) Douglas Nowell
Colson, R.N.R.

For services during the operations at Dar-es- Salaam on 28th
November 1914, when boats' parties from H.M.S. Fox
and Goliath were attacked unexpectedly at the harbour
entrance —

Lieutenant Eric Reid Corson, R.N.
Lieutenant Herbert Walter Julian Orde, R.N.
Sub-Lieutenant Clement James Charlewood, R.N.R.

Lieutenant Corson was in H.M.S. Fox's steam cutter,
and, under a close and heavy fire from both sides of the
Channel, climbed forward to relieve a stoker who was

NAVAL 4 2 G 465

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

mortally wounded. By his exertions he kept the fires
going and steam up at the most critical moment.

Lieutenant Orde was in H.M.S. Helmuth, and, though
himself wounded and under exceptionally heavy fire, with
dangerous escape of steam, brought his ship safely through
the narrow channel.

Sub-Lieutenant Charlewood ably assisted Lieutenant
Orde in bringing the Helmuth through the channel.

For services in H.M.S. Hardinge during the operations on the
Suez Canal, 3rd February 1915 —

Temporary Lieutenant George Carew, R.N.R.

A shell struck the fore funnel of H.M.S. Hardinge, and
completely shattered one of Lieutenant Carew's legs from
the knee down, and broke one arm, besides inflicting other
wounds. Notwithstanding this, he continued to advise
on the piloting of the ship with coolness and equanimity.

The following awards have also been made : —

To receive the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
For services at Dar-es- Salaam, 28th November 1914 —

Thomas James Clark, Petty Officer, ist Class, O.N. 178489

(R.F.R., Dev., 8.71535).
Thomas Arthur Gallagher, Leading Seaman, O.N. 222943.

Petty Officer Clark was coxswain of H.M.S. Goliath's
steam pinnace. He was wounded, but gallantly returned
to the wheel, to which he stood until the boat was out of
gunfire.

Leading Seaman Gallagher was coxswain of H.M.S.
Fox's steam cutter. When twice wounded, and under
galling fire, he remained at the tiller, and with the utmost
coolness steered his boat through the danger zone.

For services in the Shatt-el-Arab, 3rd to gth December 1914—
Arthur Jones, Stoker Petty Officer, O.N. 227970.

Petty Officer Jones, after being severely wounded, kept
the engines of the launch Miner going when water was
pouring into the engine-room, and undoubtedly by his
action saved the Miner from disaster.

[Also thirty-one awards of the Distinguished Service
466

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Medal to petty officers and men for the Goeben, Cap Trafalgar,
Emden, Doris, and Persian Gulf operations.]

Admiralty, loth April 1915.

In connection with the sinking of the German submarine L.G.,
U 8 off Dover on the 4th March, and U 12 off the Forth on April 10,
the loth March, the following officers have received letters I9I5-
on vellum, expressing the approbation of the Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty for their services and conduct.
These letters will be issued by their Lordships in cases where
skill and address in the handling of His Majesty's ships in the
presence of the enemy are shown by officers or men, or other
high qualities are displayed, such as daring, resource, tenacity,
and quickness of mind and eye, although the actions may
not necessarily be performed under the fire of the enemy.
Such letters are equivalent to a mention in despatches.

Operations against U 8

Captain Charles Duncan Johnson, M.V.O.
Commander Benjamin Wingate Barrow.
Lieutenant-Commander Robert Wise Richardson.

Operations against U 12

Commander Brien Michael Money.
Lieutenant-Commander James Vandeleur Creagh.
Lieutenant-Commander Cyril Callaghan.

The following awards have been made to Petty Officers and
Men : —

To receive the Distinguished Service Medal

For services in connection with sinking of U 8 —

Alfred Ethelbert Bushell, Chief Petty Officer, O.N. 156648.
Oswald Sydney Scholey, Petty Officer, O.N. 205660.
William Neale, Petty Officer, O.N. 217518.
Henry Ernest Knight, Petty Officer, ist Class, O.N. 176903.
John Checkley, Petty Officer, ist Class, O.N. 191617.
John Buttonshaw, Yeoman of Signals, O.N. 215905.
Ernest Farnsworth, Able Seaman, O.N. 220392.
Peter Robert Youngs, Able Seaman, O.N. J. 9388.
Alfred Charles Philip Arnold, Able Seaman, O.N. 152157-
George William Tatler, Able Seaman, O.N. J. 70.

467

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A

For services in connection with the sinking of U 12—

Thomas Ong, Chief Petty Officer, Torpedo Coxswain, O.N.

156848.
William M'Goff, Chief Petty Officer, Torpedo Coxswain,

O.N. 187916.
Arthur Davis, Chief Petty Officer, Torpedo Coxswain,

O.N. 161905.

George Rodgers, Petty Officer, O.N. 165462.
Frederick Marshall, Leading Seaman, O.N. 215976.

Admiralty, April 10, 1915.
ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE

L.G., In accordance with the provisions of His Majesty's Order

April 27, in Council of i6th December 1912, a temporary Commission
I9I5- in the Royal Naval Reserve has been issued as follows : —

Captain
Thomas Philip Walker (Vice- Admiral, retired).

Admiralty, April n, 1915.

In accordance with the provisions of His late Majesty's
Order in Council of 8th December 1903 : —

Vice-Admiral Hugh Pigot Williams has this day been
placed on the Retired List.

Consequent thereon the following promotions have been
made from the same date : —

Rear-Admiral Arthur Yerbury Moggridge to be Vice-
Admiral in His Majesty's Fleet.

Captain Hubert Grant-Dalton, C.B., to be Rear-Admiral
in His Majesty's Fleet.

CHANCERY OF THE ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL AND
• SAINT GEORGE

Downing Street, 20th April 1915-

L.G., The King has been graciously pleased to give directions

May 14, for the following appointments to the Most Distinguished
I9I5- Order of Saint Michael and Saint George : —

468

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

To be Honorary Members of the First Class, or Knights
Grand Cross of the said Most Distinguished Order :—

Lieutenant-General Mitsuomi Kamio, Imperial Japanese
Army, Commander-in-Chief of the Military Operations
against Tsing-tau.

Vice-Admiral Sadakichi Kato, Imperial Japanese Navy,
Commander-in-Chief of the Second Squadron, Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Naval Operations against Tsing-
tau.

Admiralty, 2ist April 1915.

Lieutenant-Commander Eric Gascoigne Robinson has been L.G.,
specially promoted to the rank of Commander in His April 23,
Majesty's Fleet, in recognition of the distinguished
service rendered by him on the night of the i8th April
1915, as Commanding Officer of the force which torpedoed
and rendered useless submarine E 75, thus preventing that
vessel from falling into the enemy's hands in a serviceable
condition. Dated 2Oth April 1915.

Admiralty, April 24, 1915.
ROYAL NAVAL RESERVE

In accordance with the provisions of His Majesty's Order L.G.,
in Council of i6th December, 1912, temporary commissions APril 27>
in the Royal Naval Reserve have been issued as follows : —

Captains

Frank Finnis, C.V.O. (Admiral retired).

Robert Stevenson Dalton Cuming (Admiral retired).

PRIZE COURTS

Foreign Office, March i, 1915.

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED BY THE
FRENCH NAVAL AUTHORITIES

A notification is published in the French Journal Officiel L.G.,

of the 26th instant, to the effect that parties interested in the ^pm 2,

469

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

l[See
p. 294.]

L.G.,
April 20,

P- 293.]

German vessels Colonia and Rohlfs, and in the cargo of the
Netherland vessel Boeroe, should send in their claims to the
Conseil des Prises, Palais Royal, Paris, before the 26th April
next.

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED AT SEA
BY His MAJESTY'S ARMED FORCES

(In continuation of previous notification published in the
London Gazette of March 30, 1915. 1)

List of Vessels

Name and Tonnage. Nationality.

Rijn Netherland .

Cargo Detained at
Portsmouth.

SHIPS WHOSE CARGOES, OR PART OF THEM,
HAVE BEEN DETAINED

(In continuation of previous notification published in the
London Gazette of March 30, 1915. x)

Name of Vessel.
Akabo
Akassa .
Albania .
Albis .
America .
Annam .
Arkansas
Balto . . .
Banka
Benue

Bia . . .
Bravo
Chantala .
Clan Sutherland
Culna
Cygnus .
Gunhild .
Hammershus
Henrik
470

List of Vessels

Nationality.
British . .
British
Swedish .
Norwegian
Norwegian
Danish
Danish
Norwegian
Netherland
British . .
Swedish
Norwegian
British . .
British . .
British . .
Norwegian
Danish
Danish
Norwegian

Cargo Detainee! at

Liverpool.

Ardrossan.

KirkwaU

Sunderland

KirkwaU

Kirkwall

HuU

London

Liverpool

Manchester

Cardiff

London

Kirkwall

Grimsby

Manchester

Sunderland

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Name of Vessel.
Hilding . .
Japan
Lapland .
Lusitania
Maud
Mexicano
Navajo
Navigator
New Sweden
Ogeechee .
Pacific
Pennsylvania
Prins Frederik

Hendrik
Raven

Rio de la Plata .
Romsdalsfjord
Salerno
Sigurd

Sir Ernest Cassel
Sommelsdijk .
Sorland .
Stavn
Stronsa .
United States
Uto . . . .
York . . .
Zamora

Nationality.
Swedish
Swedish
Norwegian
British . .
Norwegian
Norwegian
United States
Norwegian
Swedish .
United States
Swedish
Danish

Netherland

British . ;

Norwegian

Norwegian ,

Norwegian

Swedish .

Netherland

Norwegian

Argentine

Danish

Norwegian

British

Swedish

Foreign Office, April 15, 1915.

Cargo Detained at
Leith
Leith
Kirkwall
London
South Shields
Kirkwall
Kirkwall
Gibraltar
Newcastle
Stornoway
Leith
Newcastle

Falmouth

London

Cardiff

Leith

Ardrossan

Stornoway

Kirkwall

London

Kirkwall.

Leith

Queenstown

Newcastle

KirkwaU

Hull

Barrow

VESSELS DETAINED OR CAPTURED AT SEA BY
His MAJESTY'S ARMED FORCES

(In continuation of previous notification published in the L.G.,

London Gazette of April 20, 1915.) APril 3<>,

19*5.

Name and Tonnage.
Macedonia (4312)

List of Vessels

Nationality.
German

Where Detained.
Gibraltar.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

SHIPS WHOSE CARGOES, OR PART OF THEM,
HAVE BEEN DETAINED

Name of Vessel.
Anglia
Artemis .
Batavier II. .
Batavier III.
Batavier IV.
Cathay
Christiansund

List of Vessels

Nationality.
Swedish
Norwegian
Netherland
Netherland
Netherland
Danish
Danish

Edna . Danish

Euterpe .

Florida

Georgia ...

Joseph W. Fordney

L. P. Holmblad .

Netherland
Danish
Swedish
American .
Danish

Lijre Danish

Louisiana
Monginevro .
Magne .
Nippon .
N. J. Fiord
Oscar Fredrik
Otto Sverdrup
Spyros Vallianos
Stigstad .
Tongking
Tranquebar .

Danish

Italian

Swedish .

Swedish

Danish

Swedish

Norwegian

Greek . .

Norwegian

Danish

Foreign Office, April 30, 1915.

Cargo Detained at

Dundee

Kirkwall

London

North Shields

London

Goole

Falmouth

North Shields

Kirkwall

Falmouth

Sharpness

Hull

Gibraltar

London

North Shields

London

West Hartlepool

Kirkwall

Cardiff

Leith

Hull

Newcastle

ADMIRALTY MONTHLY ORDERS

200. DEFENCE OF THE REALM (CONSOLIDATION)
REGULATIONS, 1914 — AMENDMENTS TO

The following amendments to the Defence of the Realm
(Consolidation) Regulations, 1914, are promulgated for infor-
mation and guidance. They will be included in Monthly
Orders in due course : —
472

5] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

1. After Regulation 2 the following Regulation to be
inserted : —

' It shall be lawful for the Admiralty or Army Council
to take possession of any unoccupied premises for the
purpose of housing workmen employed in the production,
storage, or transport of war material/

2. At the end of Regulation 7 the following paragraph to
be inserted : —

' For the purpose of ascertaining the amount of the
output of any such factory or workshop or any plant
therein, the Admiralty or Army Council may require the
occupier of any such factory or workshop, or any officer
or servant of the occupier, or where the occupier is a
company any director of the company, to furnish to the
Admiralty or Army Council such particulars as to such
output as they may direct, and if any such person fails
to comply with any such requirements he shall be guilty
of an offence against these Regulations/

3. For Regulation 8 the following Regulation to be sub-
stituted : —

' The Admiralty or Army Council may take possession
of any factory or workshop or of any plant belonging
thereto without taking possession of the factory or work-
shop itself, and may use the same for His Majesty's naval
or military service at such times and in such manner as
the Admiralty or Army Council may consider necessary
or expedient, and the occupier and every officer and
servant of the occupier of the factory or workshop, and
where the occupier is a company, every director of the
company, shall obey the directions of the Admiralty or
Army Council as to the uses of the factory or workshop or
plant, and if he fails to do so shall be guilty of an offence
against these Regulations/

4. After Regulation 8 the following Regulation to be
inserted : —

'8A. It shall be lawful for the Admiralty or Army
Council —

(a) to require any work in any factory or workshop to
be done in accordance with the directions of the

473

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Admiralty or Army Council, given with the
object of making the factory or workshop or the
plant or labour therein as useful as possible for
the production of war material ;

(b) to regulate or restrict the carrying on of work in
any factory or workshop or remove the plant
therefrom, with a view to increasing the pro-
duction of war material in other factories or
workshops ;

and the occupier and every officer and servant of the
occupier of the factory or workshop, and where the
occupier is a company, every director of the company,
shall obey the directions, regulations, or restrictions of
the Admiralty or Army Council so given, and if he fails
to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these
Regulations/

5. At the end of the first paragraph of Regulation 14, the
following proviso to be inserted : —

' Provided that if the person with respect to whom it
is proposed to make such an order as aforesaid undertakes
to comply with such conditions as to reporting to the
police, restriction on movements, or otherwise as may be
imposed on him, the order may, instead of requiring him
to cease to reside in any locality, authorise him to con-
tinue to reside therein if he complies with such conditions
as to the matters aforesaid as may be specified in the
order, and if any person in respect of whom such an order
is made fails to comply with any such condition he shall
be guilty of an offence against these Regulations/

6. In Regulation 22, after the words ' without the written
permission of the Postmaster-General ' insert the word ' make/
and after the words ' no person shall sell any such apparatus
to any person who has not obtained such permission as
aforesaid ' there shall be inserted the words ' and any person
having in his possession or under his control any such
apparatus, whether with or without the permission of the
Postmaster-General, shall on demand deliver the apparatus to
the Postmaster- General, or as he may direct/

In the second paragraph of the same Regulation, after the
474

] DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

words ' any apparatus for sending or receiving messages by
telegraphy ' the words ' wireless telegraphy ' to be inserted.

7. For Regulation 24 the following Regulations, as from the
5th April 1915, to be substituted : —

'24. No person shall without lawful authority trans-
mit (otherwise than through the post) or convey, to or from
the United Kingdom, or receive or have in his possession
for such transmission or conveyance, any letter or any
written message for any other person, and if any person
contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of an offence
against these Regulations/

'This Regulation shall not apply to "shipowners'
letters " as defined by section thirty of the Post Office
Act, 1908, nor to any other class of letters or written
messages that may be for the time being exempted by
order of the Secretary of State.

' 24A. If any person sends from the United Kingdom,
whether by post or otherwise, any letter or other docu-
ment containing any matter written in any medium which
is not visible unless subjected to heat or some other
treatment, he shall be guilty of an offence against these
Regulations/

8. In Regulation 45 the following words to be inserted after
the words ' has been duly issued ' : —

* or allows any other person to have possession of any pass,
permit, or passport issued to him, or applies to any build-
ing, structure, premises or vehicle, any lights, letters or
marks, for the time being used to indicate that buildings,
structures, premises, or vehicles, to which they are
applied are used for naval or military purposes, or any
lights, letters or marks, so nearly resembling the same
as to be calculated to deceive/

9. The following Regulation to be substituted for Regula-
tion 56 : —

(i) Except as otherwise provided by this Regulation, a
person alleged to be guilty of an offence against these
Regulations may be tried either by court-martial, or
by a civil court with a jury, or by a court of summary
jurisdiction.

475

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [

(2) Where a person is alleged to be guilty of an offence

which is by these Regulations declared to be a
summary offence he may be tried by a court of
summary jurisdiction and not otherwise.

(3) Where a person is alleged to be guilty of an offence

other than an offence declared by these Regulations
to be a summary offence, the case shall be referred
to the competent naval or military authority who
shall forthwith investigate the case and determine
whether or not the case is to be proceeded with, and
if it is to be proceeded with, whether or not it is an
offence of such a minor character as can adequately
be dealt with by a court of summary jurisdiction.

(4) If it is determined that the case is not to be proceeded

with, the alleged offender, if in custody, shall (unless
he is detained on some other charge) forthwith be
released.

(5) If it is determined that the case is to be proceeded with,

but that the offence is of such a minor character as
aforesaid, the offender may be tried by a court of
summary jurisdiction and not otherwise.

(6) If it is determined that the case is to be proceeded with

and that the offence is not of such a minor character
as aforesaid, then —

(a) If the offender is a British subject and is not
a person subject to the Naval Discipline Act or to
military lawr and he claims, in the manner herein-
after provided, to be tried by a civil court with a
jury instead of being tried by a court-martial, the
case shall be handed over, for the purposes of
trial, to the civil authority ;

(b) If the offender, being a British subject, does
not make any such claim, or if the offender is not
a British subject or is a person subject to the
Naval Discipline Act or to military law, the com-
petent naval or military authority shall, subject to
any general or special instructions given by the
Admiralty or Army Council, order the case to be
tried by court-martial, or, where in pursuance of
such instructions the case is not to be tried by

476

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY—NAVAL

court-martial, shall order it to be handed over, for
purposes of trial, to the civil authority.

(7) Any case which is handed over to the civil authority

may be tried by a civil court with a jury :

Provided that if on further investigation it appears
to the prosecution that a case so handed over to the
civil authority is of such a character as can be
adequately dealt with by a court of summary juris-
diction, it may, if the Admiralty or Army Council
consent, or in Scotland if the Lord Advocate after
consultation with the Admiralty or Army Council so
directs, be so dealt with.

(8) For the purpose of enabling such a claim as aforesaid

to be made, the competent naval or military autho-
rity shall, as soon as practicable after his arrest, give
to the alleged offender notice in writing, in the form
set out in Part I. of the Schedule to these Regula-
tions, of the general nature of the charge and of his
right (if he is a British subject and not a person
subject to the Naval Discipline Act or to military
law) to claim to be tried by a civil court with a
jury instead of being tried by court-martial :

Provided that it shall not be necessary to give such

a notice if the offence is an offence which is by these

. Regulations declared to be a summary offence or it

has been determined that the offence is an offence of

such a minor character as aforesaid.

(9) A person to whom such a notice has been given may

if he is a British subject and not a person subject
to the Naval Discipline Act or to military law,
within six clear days from the date when it was so
given to him, claim to be tried by a civil court with
a jury instead of being tried by court-martial by
giving notice in writing to that effect to the com-
petent naval or military authority in the form set out
in Part II. of the Schedule to these Regulations.

(10) If the alleged offender is in custody he shall, if he is
to be tried by court-martial, be kept in or handed
over to military custody, and, if he is to be tried

477

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [,

otherwise than by court-martial, be kept in or
handed over to civil custody.

(n) In England and Ireland offences against these Regula-
tions shall not be prosecuted before a civil court
with a jury except by or with the consent of the
Attorney-General for England or Ireland, as the case
may be, nor before a court of summary jurisdiction
by>any person, other than the competent naval or
military authority or a person authorised by him, or
an officer of police, an officer of customs and excise,
or an aliens officer, except with the consent of the
Attorney-General for England or Ireland, as the case
may be.

(12) For the purposes of this Regulation the expression
' British subject ' includes a woman who has married
an alien but who before marriage was a British
subject.

10. After Regulation 56 the following Regulation to be
inserted : —

56A. Any offence tried by a civil court with a jury shall
be deemed to be a felony, and on conviction of the offender
he shall be liable to such punishment as might have been
inflicted under Regulation 57 if the case had been tried
by a general court-martial.

When sentence of death is passed by such a civil court,
the court may order the sentence to be executed in any
manner in which a court-martial may order a sentence
of death to be executed. If the manner in which the
sentence is to be executed is by shooting, the court may
direct that the offender be handed over to the military
authority, and in such case the sentence shall be executed
as if it had been passed by a court-martial, but in England
shall not be carried into execution until after such time
as is allowed by the Criminal Appeal Act, 1907, for giving
notice of appeal or notice of application for leave to appeal
under that Act, nor pending such appeal or application ;
or in Scotland until after such date as may be specified
in the sentence.

In England and Ireland a court of quarter sessions
shall not have jurisdiction to try such a felony.
478

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

In Scotland the court having jurisdiction to try such a
felony shall be the High Court of Justiciary.

For the purpose of the trial of a person for such a
felony, the offence shall be deemed to have been com-
mitted either at the place in which the same actually was
committed, or in any place in the United Kingdom in
which the offender may be found, or to which he may be
brought for the purpose of speedy trial.

11. In Regulation 57, after the figure ' 22 ' insert the
figure ' 24.'

12. After Regulation 58 the following Regulation to be
inserted : —

58A. Whenever His Majesty by Proclamation suspends
the operation of section one of the Defence of the Realm
(Amendment) Act, 1915, either generally or as respects
any specified area, then, as respects all offences committed
against these Regulations, or (as the case may be) all
such offences committed within the specified area, so much
of Regulation 56 as relates to trial by a civil court with a
jury, and in particular paragraphs (6) to (10) thereof,
shall, so long as the Proclamation remains in force, cease
to have effect, without prejudice however to any pro-
ceedings under the said section which may be pending at
the date of the issue of such Proclamation, and in lieu of
the said paragraphs, the following provision shall have
effect : —

' If it is determined that the case is to be proceeded
with and that the offence is not of such a minor
character as aforesaid, the case may be tried by court-
martial, and notwithstanding anything in Regulation
57 a field general court-martial convened by an officer
authorised to convene such a court-martial shall have
the like jurisdiction to deal with the case as in the
last-mentioned Regulation is conferred on a general
court-martial/

13. At the end of Regulation 62 the following paragraph to
be inserted : —

' For the purposes of these Regulations, the expression
" war material " includes arms, ammunitions, warlike

479

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

stores and equipment, and everything required for or in
connection with the production thereof/

14. The amendments specified in the Second Schedule to
these Regulations, which relate to minor details, to be made in
the Regulations specified in the first column of the Schedule.

15. The First Schedule hereinafter set forth at the end of
the Regulations to be inserted as a Schedule.

SCHEDULES
FIRST SCHEDULE

PART I

Form of Notice to be given to an Alleged Offender

(a) Here insert To (a)

name of alleged You are hereby informed that the general nature of

offender. the charge against you is (b)

(b) Here state If you are a British subject [or in the case of a
general nature woman who has married an alien were before marriage
of the charge. to an alien a British subject] and are not a person

subject to tjie Naval Discipline Act or to military
law you are entitled to claim to be tried upon the said charge [s] by a
civil court with a jury [or in Scotland by the High Court of Justiciary]
instead of by a court-martial.

If you are entitled and wish to make such a claim you must sign the
form appended hereto and send it within six clear days from the receipt
of this notice to the competent naval or military authority at the address
designated below.

Dated the day of 191 5-

Signature

Competent naval or military
authority.

. Address (c)
(c) Here insert

address to which N.B. — The competent naval or military authority
the claim is to should cause a record to be made of the date when

be sent. this notice is received by the alleged offender.

480

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(a) The ad-
dress of the
competent naval
or military au-
thority should
be here inserted.

PART II
Form of Claim to be appended to the Notice in Part I

To the competent naval or military authority at

(a)

I, , am a British subject

[was before my marriage to an alien a British
subject] and am not a person subject to the Naval
Discipline Act or to military law, and I claim to be
tried for the said offence by a civil court with a jury
for in Scotland by the High Court of Justiciary] instead of by a court-
martial.

Signed

This claim may be sent by registered post, or if you are in custody by
delivering it to the person in whose custody you are.

The competent naval or military authority should cause a record to
be made of the date when the claim is given to him.

Regulation 12
Regulation 29

Regulation 30

Regulation 41

NAVAL 4

SECOND SCHEDULE
MINOR AMENDMENTS

The word 'resident ' shall be omitted.

At end; insert the following paragraph : ' No
person shall trespass on any work of defence,
arsenal, factory, dockyard, ship, telegraph, or
signalling station or office, belonging to, or used
for the service of, His Majesty, and if he does so
he shall be guilty of an offence against these
Regulations.'

For the words ' or sale ' there shall be substituted
the words ' sale, transfer, or disposal/ after the
word ' sells ' there shall be inserted the words
' transfers or disposes of/ and after the word
' sale ' where it secondly occurs there shall be
inserted the words ' transfer or disposal/

After the words ' or other official uniform/ there
shall be inserted ' or any badge supplied or
authorised by the Admiralty or Army Council/

For the words ' any uniform/ there shall be sub-
stituted ' any uniform or badge/

For the words ' any such uniform/ there shall be
substituted ' any such uniform or badge/

After the words ' a member of His Majesty's

Forces/ there shall be inserted ' or any such

2H 481

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

badge as aforesaid to any person not authorised

to wear the same.'
Regulation 43 . After the words ' shall obstruct/ there shall be

inserted the words ' knowingly mislead.'
Regulation 45 . . After the word ' document/ where that word first

occurs, there shall be inserted the words ' or

any passport/ and after the word ' document/

where it secondly and thirdly occurs, there shall

be inserted the words ' or passport/
Regulation 46 . For the words ' is found ' there shall be substituted

the words * is or has been found/
Regulation 49 . After the word ' knows ' there shall be inserted the

words ' or has good reason for believing/
Regulation 54 . The words ' unless satisfied that they are of an

innocent nature ' shall be omitted.

201. ENGINEERING — SPECIALISATION IN

During hostilities Officers may volunteer to specialise in
Engineering before they have obtained an Engine- Room watch-
keeping certificate, provided they hold a Deck watchkeeping
certificate. Officers provisionally selected under these condi-
tions will be specially detailed for Engine- Room duty as soon
as possible after selection, in order that they may obtain the
necessary certificate prior to being appointed as part Engine-
Room staff in H.M. Ships.

202. PROBATIONARY AND TEMPORARY SECOND LIEU-
TENANTS, R.M. — INCREASE OF PAY

The following increased rates of pay have been authorised
for Probationary and Temporary Second Lieutenant, R.M.,
during the present hostilities, viz. : —

Probationary Second Lieutenants, R.M.,
when embarked or appointed to Royal
Marine Brigades or Batteries . . 75. 6d. a day.

(As from ist August 1914.)
Temporary Second Lieutenants, R.M. 75. 6d. a day.

(As from 24th November 1914.)
Ditto on promotion to Lieutenant . . 8s. 6d. a day.

NOTE. — The 8s. 6d. rate of pay for Lieutenants, R.M.,
only applicable to Officers entered for temporary service.
482

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Probationary Second Lieutenants on advancement to the
rank of Lieutenant should continue to be paid at the rate of
75. 6d. a day.

203. PROMOTION OF MATES TO LIEUTENANT

In the case of Warrant Officers selected to qualify for Mate,
it has been decided that service in Warrant rank shall be taken
into consideration in determining the date of promotion to
Lieutenant.

Warrant Officers may, at the discretion of their Lordships,
be allowed one month's acceleration of promotion to Lieutenant
for each complete three months' service in Warrant rank at the
date of appointment to undergo the qualifying courses, in
addition to such acceleration as may be gained in respect of
marks obtained for certificates in accordance with the scale laid
down in Article 266, Clause 6, of the King's Regulations and
Admiralty Instructions. The maximum acceleration will,
however, be limited to 12 months as at present, i.e., the earliest
date at which it will be possible to obtain promotion will be
two years from date of seniority as Mate.

This arrangement will be retrospective, and will apply to all
Mates selected since the institution of the scheme.

It should be clearly understood that accelerated promotion
to Lieutenant, whether in respect of classes of certificates or of
previous service as Warrant Officer, is subject to the officer
being recommended from sea.

Such recommendations should be forwarded as soon as
possible in the case of Mates who are now eligible for promotion
under this Order.

204. R.N.R. OFFICERS IN THE AUXILIARY PATROL
SERVICE — NAVIGATING ALLOWANCE

The last paragraph of the note to M.O. 116/1915
cancelled.

Royal Naval Reserve Officers employed on Navigating
duties in the Auxiliary Patrol Service who hold a deep-sea
Mate's or Second Mate's Certificate may now be paid Navigat-
ing Allowance at the rate of 2s. a day from date of commencing
duty, or from the date on which payment was suspended under
the previous orders.

483

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The Allowance is not, however, payable to Officers receiv-
ing an inclusive rate of Mercantile pay.

The names of Officers paid Navigating Allowance under the
authority of this Order should be reported to the Accountant-
General.

205. R.N.R. OFFICERS — EXAMINATION FOR MERCANTILE
MARINE CERTIFICATES WHILST ON ACTIVE SERVICE

A Midshipman R.N.R. on Active Service in the Royal
Navy who becomes eligible by service to sit for a Second Mate's
certificate will be considered as qualified for Second Mate from
the date he becomes eligible for examination and will be pro-
moted to Acting Sub-Lieutenant (Acting), R.N.R., provided
he is otherwise qualified.

If so promoted his time will then reckon for a First Mate's
certificate, and he will be considered as qualified for First Mate
when he becomes eligible by service to take the examination
for such certificate. Similarly his time will then reckon for a
Master's certificate, and he will be considered as qualified for
Master when he becomes eligible by service to take the exa-
mination for that certificate.

This principle will apply equally to other R.N.R. Officers
on Active Service who, already holding certificates as Second
or First Mate, become eligible by service for examination for a
certificate of higher grade.

If the examinations for the foregoing certificates are passed
at dates not remote from the date of completion of Active
Service in the Royal Navy, the certificates will be antedated to
the dates when the periods of service for examination were
completed in each case.

No certificate will, however, be antedated to a date prior to
that on which the Officer was called out for Active Service.

206. SUB-LlEUTENANTS AND MIDSHIPMEN, R.N.R. —

PROMOTION

As Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve have at present no
opportunity of being examined for higher Board of Trade
certificates, acting appointments in higher rank will be granted
during the period of hostilities to Officers having the following
qualifications : —

Sub-Lieutenants, Temporary Sub-Lieutenants, and Acting
484

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Sub-Lieutenants holding First Mate's certificates will be con-
sidered eligible for the acting rank of Lieutenant provided they
have completed the service required by the Board of Trade to
qualify them to sit for a Master's certificate, and that they are
recommended by their Commanding Officers after at least six
months' Active Service.

Midshipmen and Temporary Midshipmen will be considered
eligible for the ' acting ' rank of Acting Sub-Lieutenant
provided they hold a Second Mate's certificate, or have con-
pleted the sea service required by the Board of Trade to qualify
them to sit for Second Mate, are recommended by their Com-
manding Officers after at least 28 days' sea service, and have
reached the age of twenty-one years.

To .distinguish between Officers holding the substantive
rank of Acting Sub-Lieutenant and those granted acting rank
under this order, the latter will be designated Acting Sub-
Lieutenant (acting) and Temporary Acting Sub-Lieutenant
(acting) ; their names will continue to appear in the Navy List
in their substantive rank.

Officers eligible for promotion under these conditions should
apply to the Register-General of Shipping and Seamen on a
manuscript form of which a specimen is given below. This
• form should not however be used by Midshipmen, R.N.R., who
already hold a Second Mate's certificate. In these cases the
Commanding Officer should apply for the promotion by letter,
in the usual way.

No Officers will be promoted unless they are recommended
by their Commanding Officer, who should state whether they
are recommended or not.

These arrangements apply only to R.N.R. Officers of the
above ranks who have been entered for General Service.

Specimen Form of Application

APPLICATION by a Royal Naval Reserve Officer on Active
Service in the Royal Navy to be considered qualified to

(2nd Mate's]
sit for Examination for a \ ist Mate's V Certificate of

( Master's J

Competency, with a view to being granted Acting rank in
the Royal Naval Reserve.

485

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Particulars of Officer and, Certificate

Name of
Candidate
in Full.

Date of
Birth.

Particulars of
any Board of
Trade Certifi-
cate held.

Certificate for
which he wishes
to be considered
eligible to be
examined.

Particulars of
any Failure in
an Examination
for the
Certificate.

Complete List of Testimonials and Full Statement of Service
from first going to Sea, or from Date of present Certificate
(including Time served in Training Ships). Indentures,
Continuous Discharge Book, or other Certificates of Dis-
charge, must be forwarded with Testimonials.

Ship's
Name.

Official
Number.

Capacity.

From.

*
To.

Years.

Mos.

Days.

Trade in
which
employed.

Initials
of
Verifier.

Total service at sea,

Declaration to be made by Applicant

I hereby declare that the particulars contained in Divisions
A and B of this Form are correct and true to the best of my
knowledge and belief, and that the papers enumerated in
Division B, and sent with this Form, are true and genuine
documents, given and signed by the persons whose names
appear on them. I further declare that the statement B con-
486

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

tains a true and correct account of the whole of my services
without exception.

Dated this

Signature of Candidate

H.M. Ship in which serving__

Signed in the presence of

Sea Service Qualifications Required

Second Mate. — Must have served four years at sea. Half
the time served on board a Training Ship will be allowed to
count as service at sea, provided that a satisfactory Certificate
is obtained.

First Mate. — A Candidate must have served five years at
sea. Of this time one year must have been served in a capacity
not lower than Fourth Mate of a Foreign-going Vessel whilst
holding a Second Mate's Certificate for Foreign-going Vessels.
If this service was as Third or Fourth Mate proof will be
required that he had during the whole year charge of a Watch ;
or one year and a half must have been served with a Second
Mate's Certificate for Foreign-going Vessels, or with a Mate's
Certificate for Home Trade Passenger Ships in a capacity not
lower than Only Mate of a Home Trade or Coasting Vessel ; or
one year must have been served as Pilot with a First-Class
Pilot's Certificate.

Master. — A Candidate must have served six years at sea, of
which one year, if in Foreign-going Vessels, or eighteen months
if in Home Trade or Coasting Vessels, must have been in a
capacity not lower than Only Mate whilst holding a Certificate
not lower than Only Mate for Foreign-going Vessels ; and if
this service was not performed with a First Mate's Certificate
for Foreign-going Vessels, the Candidate will also be required
to prove the Officer's Service prescribed for that grade ; or

He must have served six and a half years at sea, one year of
which must have been in a capacity not lower than Second
Mate of a Foreign-going Vessel whilst holding a First Mate's
Certificate for Foreign-going Vessels, provided that if this
service was performed under an Additional or Auxiliary First
Mate it will only be accepted if a Third and Fourth Mate were

487

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

also carried, and one year and a half not lower than Third or
Fourth Mate of a Foreign-going Vessel, in charge of a Watch,
whilst holding a Second Mate's Certificate for Foreign-going
Vessels.

NOTE. — Sub-Lieutenants and Acting Sub-Lieutenants,
R.N.R., who perform good service in H.M. Ships, will, if well
reported upon, be allowed to count such service as if it had been
performed in Foreign-going ships, and it will rank according to
the Certificate of Competency held at the time or deemed to
be held at the time under this order. Midshipmen, R.N.R.,
who serve in H.M. Ships may count such service only as sea-
service for a Certificate as Second Mate.

208. DENTAL SURGEONS, R.N.V.R. — UNIFORM

Dental Surgeons in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve will
wear the uniform of Surgeons, R.N.V.R.

209. UNIFORM

In pursuance of His Majesty's pleasure, the Ribbons of the
following Orders are not to be worn with Undress Uniform :—
The Order of the Garter.
The Order of the Thistle.
The Order of St. Patrick.
The Order of Merit.

210. ADVANCEMENT TO PETTY OFFICER WITHOUT
EDUCATIONAL TEST

When the Educational Test is suspended, as allowed by
M.O. 90/1914, Leading Rates who have passed professionally
and are otherwise qualified for the higher rating, under the
Regulations, may be considered eligible for advancement to
Petty Officer (N.S.).

214. R.M. BAND RANKS AND BUGLERS — EFFICIENCY AND
MUSICAL PROFICIENCY ALLOWANCES, AND FIRE CONTROL

During the period of hostilities —

(i. ) Efficiency allowance may be paid to Band Ranks and
Buglers not in possession of a certificate of educa-
tion, provided that they have the other qualifica-
tions required by the Regulations, and their
488

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Commanding Officers are satisfied that the men are
educationally competent to perform their duties.
(rL) Band Ranks and Buglers may be examined for
Musical Proficiency Allowance by the Bandmaster
of the Flagship of the Squadron in which they are
serving.

Any particular Fire Control Instrument for which a Band
Rank shows a marked aptitude is to be noted on his Musical
and Drill History Sheet. Existing Regulations already
provide for ability at Fire Control Instruments generally to be
noted on the History Sheet.

218. R.N.R. MEN LENT TO TRAWLER SECTION

R.N.R. men who are lent to the Trawler Section for the
period of the war, when no longer required in that Section, will
revert to the R.N.R. proper.

They are to receive the difference of pay between their
present ratings and the ratings to which they are transferred,
but they are not to be paid Hardlying Money nor charge pay
for charge of engines. They will continue to remain in their
proper R.N.R. ratings, retaining their existing privileges as to
pension or gratuity, and are not to be kitted up as Trawler
Reserve men.

They are to be shown on Ships' Books, Certificate Books,
etc., as ' doing duty as 2nd Hand, or Engineman/ as the case
may be, and whilst so lent, are not to be regarded as available
for draft in their proper R.N.R. rating, but in their acting
Trawler Reserve rating.

The Regulations do not admit of their permanent transfer
to the Trawler Section.

222. COASTGUARD RATINGS SPECIALLY ADVANCED

AFLOAT

As in the ordinary course of events men of the Coastguard
who are embarked in the Fleet revert on disembarkation to the
ratings held by them in the Coastguard, a special notification
is to be made to the Admiral Commanding Coastguard and
Reserves in the case of such ratings who may be specially
advanced in active service rates afloat, for gallantry in action or
other meritorious service, in order that the men may not lose
the benefits thus gained on return to the Coastguard. These

489

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

reports should contain particulars of the circumstances in
which the men were specially advanced and should also state
the men's names, official number, ship and Coastguard Station
to which they belong.

All such special advancements, whether made in vacancies
or in addition to complement, are to be reported, but ordinary
advancements of Coastguard ratings in vacancies need not be
reported.

223. MERCANTILE RATINGS — CLOTHING GRATUITIES

Armed Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries

With reference to Appendix III. of the Instructions regard-
ing Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries showing the scale of Clothing
or Allowances in lieu to Mercantile ratings in Armed Auxili-
aries, it has been decided that ratings who re-engage at the
expiration of their period of engagement shall be credited with
clothing gratuities as follows, to enable them to renew their
Kits :—

£ S. d.

Men not dressed as Seamen ....200

Men dressed as Seamen i 10 o

Officers' Stewards and Cooks . . . . I 10 o
These allowances should "be paid at the expiration of every
six months in the case of men who have engaged for the period
of the war. When it is necessary for mercantile ratings on
Armed Auxiliaries to provide themselves with White Clothing,
owing to the vessels being employed on Foreign Stations, they
may be credited with the following additional gratuities for the
purpose of the first supply and again on re-engagement or at
the expiration of every six months if the ship is still serving
abroad : —

Men not dressed as Seamen .... 155.
Men dressed as Seamen .... los.
A certificate is to be furnished by the Commanding Officer
on each occasion that the white clothing is necessary.

225. ALLOTMENTS AND SEPARATION ALLOWANCE OF
MEN UNDERGOING DETENTION OR IN DEBT

In cases of men undergoing sentences of detention, the
following allotments will be permitted during the period of
detention, viz. : —
490

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

55. a week to wives or
2s. 6d. a week to other dependants,

provided that the sum so allotted will allow of the extinction
of the debt by the end of three months from the date on which
pay ceases. If the sentence is of such length that this is not
possible the allotment must cease temporarily, but the Separa-
tion Allowance will in any event be continued for the period of
detention.

On the man's return from detention steps should be taken
as early as possible to renew the allotment if it has ceased or to
restore it to the original figure if it has been reduced.

As the rate of Separation Allowance to a dependant
(M.O. 271/1914) is governed partly by the amount of the
allotment, it may be necessary in some cases to reduce the
allowance if the allotment is not at a reasonably early date
restored to the full amount in force prior to the detention.

These rules will apply also to men in debt from any other
cause ; and any cases in which it is necessary to reduce an
allotment below the rates stated above in order to avoid a debt,
which could not be liquidated within three months, should be
reported individually to the Accountant-General.

In the case of Royal Naval Reserve men in debt, or in
detention, if the total sum (including retainer) that can be
allotted, so as to work off the debt in three months' time, is
only £i a month (55. a week), the allotment of los. to the
Savings Bank should continue, and the allotment of the
other los. (2S. 6d. a week) to the man's wife and children will
still be allowed to carry Separation Allowance.

If he is allotting the whole of his retainer to the Savings
Bank this allotment should be reduced to los. before the allot-
ment to his wife is reduced. If he is allotting to the Savings
Bank only, the allotment should continue at the rate of £i a
month.

226. ALLOTMENTS — WEEKLY PAYMENT OF

On and after the 8th April 1915, Allotments of Seamen and
Marines will, with certain exceptions, be paid weekly instead
of monthly.

As time does not permit of the men executing fresh allot-
ments at weekly rates, a scale of transfer has been laid down :
and since the inception of such a scheme produces inevitably

491

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [>

a number of difficulties Accountant Officers are confidently
relied upon to assist in minimising them as far as possible by
studying carefully the directions which follow : —

I. — Cases where Payment will be made Weekly

All monthly Allotments of Seamen and Marines will be
paid weekly when they are in favour of wives, relatives, or
friends.

II. — Cases where Payment will continue to be made
Monthly

The following Allotments will be paid monthly : —

(1) All Allotments of Officers (including Warrant Officers

whose Allotments will in future be paid by Navy
Bill instead of by Money Order).

(2) Allotments of Seamen and Marines in favour of

tradesmen.

(3) Allotments of Seamen and Marines to Naval Savings

Bank.

(4) Allotments payable outside the United Kingdom, the

Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Malta or Gibraltar.
These foreign allotments although paid monthly
will be calculated on a weekly basis, and ledger
charges should be made on the weekly system.
To enable Accountant Officers to ascertain which Allot-
ments of Men are to be paid weekly or monthly, it will be
necessary for them to re-examine all Allotments made out in
the Ship, and in the case of those transferred from other Ships
to question the men as to the Allottee. If any doubt is felt as
to the latter, lists may be forwarded to the Accountant-
General of the Navy for decision as to whether the amount
remains a Monthly Allotment or is to be converted into a
Weekly rate.

III. — Rates of Weekly Allotment

Every Monthly Allotment which comes under the above
heading for conversion to a weekly rate will be so converted in
accordance with the following scale, and no revision of the
equivalent rates of that scale will be undertaken until six
months are passed from the inception of the scheme. The
492

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

appropriate weekly rate is to be inserted in the Ledger for
Midsummer Quarter 1915, commencing 8th April 1915, and is
to be distinguished by the letter *W.' Such Allotments as
still remain monthly on the Men's section of the Ledger are to
be designated ' M.'

Present
Monthly Rate.

45.
55. 6d.

8s.

IOS.
I2S.
I4S.

i6s.
i8s.

2OS.

23s.
25s.

275.

295.
3is.

33s.
36s.
38s.
405..

42S.

44s.
465.
5os.
55s.
59s.
635.
68s.
725.
765.
8is.
85s.
925.

IOOS.

io6s.
nos.

and under

55. 6d.

8s.

IOS.
I2S.
I4S.

i6s.
i8s.

20S.

235.

255.
275.
295.

33s.
36s.
38s.
4os.

42S.

44s.
46s.

59s-
635.

68s.

72s.

765.

8is.

855.

92S.
IOOS.

io6s.
nos.
n8s.

Weekly
Rate.

IS.

is. 6d.

2S.

2s. 6d.

3s.

3s. 6d.
49,
45. 6d.

5s.

5s. 6d.
6s.
6s. 6d.

75.

73. 6d.
8s.

8s. 6d.
95.
95. 6d.

IOS.

los. 6d.
us.

I2S.

135.
145.
155.
i6s.
175.
i8s.
195.

20S.
22S.
24S.
25S.

26s.

493

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY—NAVAL

Present Weekly

Monthly Rate. Rate.

n8s. and under 1265. . . 28s.

1265. „ 1355. . . 305.

1355. „ 1445. . 32s.

1445. „ 1495. . 345.

149s- » i54s. . 35s.

1545. „ i6is. . 365.

i6is. „ 1705. . . 385.

1705. „ 1785. . . 405.

1785. „ 1875. . . 42s.

1873. „ 1965. . . 445.

1965. „ 2055. . . 465.

2055. „ 2155. . . 485.

2155. „ . . 5°s.

IV.- — Method of Payment

Payment will be made weekly on Thursdays, commencing
8th April 1915, by means of Postal Drafts, on the Allottee
presenting his or her identity certificate at the Post Office
required. Each Allottee will receive a fresh identity certificate.
In cases where Separation -Allowance is being paid, the two
payments (Allotment and Separation Allowance) will be com-
bined in a single draft. Each Allottee in such cases will
receive with the new Identity Certificate a statement showing
the amount which will be paid each week in respect of both
payments.

For the information of men whose Allottees do not desire to
draw their money weekly, it may be stated that it will not be
necessary to attend weekly at the Post Offices, but that less
frequent attendance, when several drafts can be cashed at the
same time, will be permissible.

The books of Postal Drafts will not be sent to the Allottee,
but will be in the hands of the Postmaster of the local Post
Office. Payment may be made at any Post Office, and will not
be restricted to Money Order Offices. When an Allottee wishes
to receive payment at an Office other than that named in the
Identity Certificate, this can be arranged without reference to
the Admiralty, by filling up a ' Change of Office ' Form, to be
obtained at the Office named on the Identity Certificate.
494

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

V. — Charges on Ledger

Monthly Allotments are to continue to be shown as at
present on Ship's Ledger, except that on the men's section
they are to be designated ' M.'

Weekly Allotments designated ' W ' are to be charged on
the Ledger as from and including Thursday the 8th April 1915,
in quarterly sums, the charge in each case being determined
by the number of Thursdays as from and including that date,
on which the Allottor is borne on the books of the ship during
the quarter.

When effecting payment of wages to Allottors or closing
accounts on discharge, care is to be taken that all necessary
charges for Allotment have been taken into account.
t

VI. — Institution of New Allotments

New Allotments may be declared to commence on any
Thursday, and charges are to commence on that Thursday.
The date of commencement is to be shown in the declaration
list (Forms S. 63 and S. 63 A). In case of first entries other
than Boys, into the Navy, should the entry take place on a
Thursday, Friday, or Saturday, the Allotment may be de-
clared if desired as from the Thursday following ; but if the
entry takes place on any other day of the week, the Allotment
can only be declared from the second Thursday after entry. As
regards Boys, similar instructions will apply at the expiration
of three months' training. The rate allowable should be that
permitted by the King's Regulations, converted into a weekly
rate in accordance with the scale herein.

VII. — Changes in existing Allotments
Changes in rate of weekly Allotment during the first three
months of the system are generally to be discouraged, except
for the following reasons : —

(a) increase due to promotion or rise in pay ;

(b) decrease due to state of man's Account.

(New Allotments or Changes of Allottee are of course per-
missible.)

As far as possible changes should coincide, at any rate at
first, with the commencing date of each quarter, which in the
case of Michaelmas and Christmas Quarters next will be the

495

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

8th July and 7th October 1915 respectively. It is desirable,
however, that changes intended to be made on those dates
should be notified to the Admiralty as far in advance as
possible. Thereafter the change may take place on any
Thursday.

VIII. — Transfers

On the transference of an Allottor to another Ship or
Depot, the Allotment is to .be shown on the Transfer List with
the designation of ' M ' or ' W/ and with the month, or the
last Thursday to which Ledger charges have been made,
according as the Allotment is Monthly or Weekly.

In the case of a man who does not allot, the word ' nil ' is
to be entered in the Allotment column of the transfer list. In
the absence of this notation or of particulars of a weekly or
monthly Allotment, immediate reference is to be made to the
man's previous ship. If a man has both a weekly and a
monthly allotment in force, it is desirable that special care
should be taken in the insertion of particulars on the transfer
list.

IX. — Stoppage

On stoppage of payment becoming necessary for any
purpose other than death, e.g., when leave is overstayed or
there is reason to suspect desertion, the Accountant-General
of the Navy or the Commandant of the Royal Marine Division
concerned is to be informed at once by a special reference
sheet, or by telegram, if there is any probability that the
information will not arrive in time to prevent the next pay-
ment. In case of death the statement as to allotment should
be included in the telegram required by Article 575 (2) of the
King's Regulations. In any case details of the allotment
should be furnished on Form S. 54 or Form S. 54A.

X. — Authorities for Issuing Payment

Payments will be issued by the Accountant-General of the
Navy in the case of seamen, and by the Commandants of the
R.M. Divisions in case of Marines, whether serving ashore
or afloat. Any declarations, therefore, by men of the Royal
Marines subsequent to the ist April 1915 should be forwarded
on separate lists (Forms S. 63A and S. 630) to the men's
respective divisions.
496

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

The arrangements as regards payment of Allotments of
Marine Officers and Monthly Allotments of Marines to trades-
men remain unaltered.

XL — Forms

The following Forms have been revised or instituted for
notification of the different classes of allotment, and supplies
may be demanded of the Superintendent, R.N. Store Depot,
West India Docks : —

Allotments.

Declaration. ;

Stoppage.

Form.

Weekly — Naval ratings ....

S. 63

S. 54

Weekly — Marines

S. 63A

S. 54A

Monthly — Officers and Naval ratings

S. 636

S. 54B

Monthly — Marines . . . .

S. 630

S.54c

All forms for declaration and stoppage of allotments of men
of the Royal Marines should be sent direct to the respective
Marine Divisions.

The existing stocks of Forms S. 63 and S. 54 will become
obsolete on receipt of supplies of the new forms.

XII. — General

In communicating with R.M. Divisions respecting the allot-
ments of Royal Marines, and on forms in connection therewith,
the Marines' Division and Register No. is to be used in the
case of pensioners and Royal Fleet Reserve men as well as
active service ratings. The R.F.R. No. is also to be shown in
the case of men of the R.F.R.

Other questions of detail should be governed by Articles
1618-1627 of the King's Regulations, but any question of
doubt arising out of the change of system should be referred
to the Accountant-General.

Care should be taken that the men understand the change.
The scale of transfer of monthly to weekly payments together
with a statement of any points herein which it is desirable that
the men should have a clear knowledge of, should be posted on
the lower deck.
NAVAL 4 21 497

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

230. RAILWAY WARRANTS — AUTHORISED FORMS TO BE

USED

A number of cases have recently occurred in which railway
warrants have been issued on unauthorised forms. This
course has led to difficulties with the Railway Companies, and
care is accordingly to be taken that only the authorised forms
of warrant are used, except in cases of special emergency,
when it may not have been possible to obtain supplies of the
proper forms.

The following are the authorised forms in use :—

Forms of Warrant for which Tickets are issued without

Payment
No. of Form. For issue to.

(a) A.G. 800 . . Officers and men travelling at

the public expense.

(6) A.G. 844 . . Officers and men who are

chargeable with the cost of
their conveyance.

Forms of Application for Cheap Tickets, to be paid for at
the time of Booking

No. of Form. For issue to.

(a) Army Form O. 1799 Officers proceeding on leave at

their own expense.

(b) Army Form O. 1800 Men proceeding on leave at

their own expense.

leave at their own expense ;
also to the wives and families
of seamen and marines.

Supplies can be obtained in each case from the Accountant-
General of the Navy.

(M.O. 180/1915 is cancelled.)
498

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

231. TRAVELLING FACILITIES WHEN PROCEEDING ON

LEAVE

The concession of free railway warrants to men proceeding
on leave when their ships have come into dock for refit or
repair, provided that the ship has not come into her own home
port, is, in the case of men serving in Trawlers and Drifters,
only to be granted in connection with the six-monthly docking
authorised in M.O. 48/1915.

232. BODIES OF DECEASED WARRANT OFFICERS AND

MEN — FREE CONVEYANCE

In continuation of M.O. 97/1915, it has now been arranged
that a form (a copy of which is printed below) is to be trans-
mitted to the Stationmasters of the controlled Railway Com-
panies in Great Britain with each order for the conveyance of
the bodies of Warrant Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, or
men in the Naval Forces of the Crown or in the Royal Marines,
who are killed or die of wounds or disease attributable to the
War, from the place of death to the home of the deceased in
cases in which the relatives express a wish to this effect. These
forms are issued in lieu of payment of the usual railway charges.

A supply of the forms will be forwarded to Senior Naval
Officers round the Coast and to Senior Medical Officers of
Royal Naval Hospitals and Hospital Ships.

•
Specimen Form

This form to be used for the conveyance within the United
Kingdom of the body of a Warrant Officer, Non-commissioned
Officer, or Man in the Naval Forces of the Crown or in the
Royal Marines who is killed or has died of wounds or disease
attributable to the War.

IQIS.

s <j

To the Station Master at

Please arrange for the conveyance of the body of
Rank or Rating^

Official Number_ H.M.S.-

Certified that the deceased was a member of the Naval

499

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [A

or Marine Forces of the Crown, and that the charge for con-
veyance is admissible against Public Funds.

Senior Naval Officer,
or Senior Medical Officer, R.N. Hospital
or Hospital Ship, or Surgeon and
Agent, Naval Sick Quarters.

235. INSURANCE OF OFFICERS' MESS STOCK

In view of Note 6 to Appendix VIII. and Clause 4 of
Article 845 of the King's Regulations, no compensation is
payable from public funds in respect to loss of or damage to
Mess Stock, but in order to protect Officers, Mess Committees,
and Messmen from such losses on board H.M. Ships during the
present hostilities it has been arranged that facilities for the
insurance of these stores shall be granted by the War Risks
Insurance Committee under the Government Scheme, irre-
spective of whether the stores are on board at the risk of the
Officers themselves, or the Mess Committees, or of individual
Stewards or Messmen.

(1) The stores in question are those for —

(a) Admirals' and "Captains' Tables.

(b) Ward Room Messes.

(d) Warrant Officers' Messes.

They might include Wines and Spirits actually bought and
paid for, but no stores at the risk of Tradesmen.

(2) An Insurance Certificate, to remain in force during the
term of the present hostilities, but not exceeding twelve months
from the date of issue, will be granted by the War Risks
Insurance Office at a premium of £4, 45. per cent., net.

(3) The amount to be insured may be, in the case of Stores
for the Admirals' and Captains' Tables, such sum as shall be
by the Officers determined.

In all the other cases the maximum insurable shall be £150,
but in determining the amount to be insured, this should not
be higher than is shown by the Quarterly Audit Statement.
This statement, or a copy of it, to be open to the inspection of
the War Risks Insurance Office either before insurance or, in
500

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

the event of a claim under the policy, as the Office may
require.

(4) The risks insured against shall be conjointly those of
war and of perils of the sea, both as in Lloyd's policy defined.

Whatever the sum insured, only the amount of the loss
actually sustained shall be made good, but in no case to exceed
the amount of the Insurance Certificate.

(5) In the event of loss or claim, it will rest with the
claimants to place before the War Risks Insurance Office such
particulars or documentary evidences as the facts may require.

(6) Where the insurance is effected by a steward or mess-
man, it shall be deemed to include cash in hand at the time of
the loss. Credit must be given by him for stores saved, if
any, and for cash proceeds saved or previously remitted, if
any, as well as for the amount of any debts recoverable from
Officers surviving after the loss. In the event of the loss of
the vessel causing also the death of the steward or messman,
the War Risks Insurance Office shall make good the full
amount of the loss, up to the sum insured, credit being given
for cash proceeds and value of stores, if any, not lost, and for
any proceeds previously received and remitted by him.

In any case not provided for in the foregoing, the War
Risks Insurance Office shall make good the amount of loss
actually sustained, up to, but in no case exceeding, the sum
insured.

(7) In the case of Messes the Insurance should be effected
in the names of one or more members of the Committee or of
the Steward or Messman, in order that the War Risks Insurance
Committee may be aware who is entitled to claim the insurance
on behalf of those who have sustained loss.

(8) Care should be taken to comply with the provisions of
Article 845, Clause 4, for the payment of all mess debts.

(9) Applications for insurance, marked ' Mess Stock
Insurance/ should be addressed to— *

The Secretary,
War Risks Insurance Office,

33-36 King William Street,
London, E.C.

A remittance for the amount of the premium, calculated at
£4, 45. per cent, on the sum to be insured, must accompany the
application.

501

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Applications must state : —

(1) Name of applicant.

(2) His rank or description.

(3) Name of the ship carrying the stock to be insured.

(4) Description of the stock, i.e., whether (a), (b), (c), or

(d), as defined in Clause I.

(5) Sum to be insured.

(6) Amount of premium thereon, calculated as above.

(7) Form of remittance (Cheque, Postal Order, etc.).

N.B. — In the absence of other request, the Insurance
Certificate will be forwarded to the sender of the
remittance. The date of the Insurance Certi-
ficate will be that of the receipt of the remittance,

244. EXTRA WAR EMERGENCY COMFORTS FOR
SUBMARINES

(1) It has been decided to provide supplies of the following
special articles of Provisions for issue to the Crews of Sub-
marines on long distance trips, with a view to enabling the men
to obtain a more liberal and varied dietary than is necessary in
ordinary circumstances : —

Tinned Sausages. Bottled Fruits (Plums, Gooseberries,
Bacon. and Cherries).

Sardines. Tinned Vegetables (Green Peas and
French Beans *).

(2) These articles will be known as Extra War Emergency
Comforts, and their issue is to be at the discretion of the
Commanding Officer and in addition to the present Service
Emergency Ration and the Victualling Allowance of is. id.
a day.

(3) Supplies are to be drawn from the Depot Ship by Boats
proceeding for a cruise of twenty-four hours or over, and the
occasions on wrjich these Comforts are issued during the cruise
together with the quantities served out as rations, will be left
to the discretion of the Commanding Officer, who is to satisfy
himself that the issues are sufficient, and not more than
sufficient, for the purpose intended. He is to furnish a certi-
ficate at the end of each quarter of the quantities of the various
articles authorised by him to be expended.

* If French Beans are not obtainable, Green Peas will be supplied in lieu.
502

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

(4) A first supply equivalent to fourteen days' estimated
issues for the number of Boats attached to the Base is being
forwarded to each Depot Ship, and demands are to be sent to
the Director of Victualling, Admiralty, from time to time, for
such quantities as are required to maintain the stocks at the
Depots at a level of between seven and fourteen days' estimated
supplies for the total number of Boats attached. For the
present, the demand should contain the following informa-
tion ; —

(a) Quantities remaining in stock.

(b) Expended since date of last demand.

(5) The stores are to be accounted for in the ordinary way,
and the certificates of the Commanding Officers of Submarines
referred to in paragraph 3 are to be forwarded into Office with
the Store Accounts in support of the credits.

247. PAYMENT FOR SUPPLIES OF STORES, ETC., TO
ALLIED NAVAL FORCES

An agreement has been arrived at between the British,
French, Japanese, and Russian Governments, under which
payment will be made for all supplies of stores, or services
rendered, to each other by the Allied Naval Forces during the
present naval co-operation.

The method of settlement to be as follows : —

Supplies from private Payment direct by the ship
trade. supplied, or by .the local

consular representative.

Freight charges on any Freight arranged and cost paid
stores sent out to a by the Power arranging the
particular station. matter, the amount being

subsequentlyreclaimedfrom
the Government concerned.

Stores supplied from Claims preferred periodically
Government stocks, or by the Admiralty on the
work done at Govern- respective Government,
ment Establishments. when the necessary state-
ments have been received
from the Establishments
concerned.

503

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL [APRIL

AMENDMENTS TO BOOKS OF REGULATIONS, ETC.

ARTICLE 799
*******

2. Caning on the breech with clothes on is limited to boys
and is to be inflicted with a light and ordinary cane. The
number of cuts or blows is not to exceed 12, and the punish-
ment is not to be carried out hi public. Caning is intended for
the serious offences of theft, immorality, drunkenness, desertion
(in special cases as an act of leniency), insubordination, and
deliberate or continued disobedience of orders. In the
absence of the Captain, the Commanding Officer is not to
order caning to be inflicted, unless the Captain shall be absent
from duty by permission of superior authority for more than
48 hours.

504

INDEX

A.E2\ 323.

Loss of, in the Dardanelles, 406, 4^
Aboukir, H.M.S., 215.
Acantha, sailing vessel, sinking of, by

torpedo, 315.
Acland, P. D., M.P., on treatment oi

prisoners, 434.

Acorn, H.M.S., loss of, 1828, 53.
Acre, see under Palestine.
Adenwen, S.S., attack by submarine in

English Channel, 188, 210 note, 215.
Admiral Makarov, Russian cruiser, oper-
ations in the Baltic, 262, 263, 264.
Admiralty, see under Great Britain.
,/Egean Sea, operations in, 364-5.
Aerial Navigation :
British :
Raids :

Hoboken, submarines at, 214, 311.

Ostend, 73-4, 465.

Zeebrugge submarine station, 311,

465-
Reconnaissance work, Dardanelles,

12, 15, 114, 119-20, 121, 122, 124.
Seaplanes at the Dardanelles, 17-18,

367-
French :

Hydroplanes at Gaza, 331.
Raids :

Altkirch station, 209.
Anizy station, 209.
Brimont batteries, 209.
Cernay station, 209.
Champagne, German captive bal-
loon, 209.

Chauny station, 209.
Conflans- Jarny railway and station,

209.

Coucy le Chateau station, 209.
Essen railway and station, 209.
Foye station, 209.
Freiburg barracks and station, 209.
Gits aerodrome, 209.
La Bruquette aviation ground, 209.
La Fdre barracks, 209.

Aerial Navigation (continued) :
French Raids (continued) :

Lichterfelde railway and station, 209.

Merkem station, 209.

Mulheim barracks, 209.

Pont Faverges aviation ground and

ammunition stores, 209.
Staden station, 209.
Tergnier station, 209.
Vailly batteries, 209.
Wyfvege station, 209.
German :

Activity in Flanders, 410.
Attack on American S.S. Gushing,

442-3.

Attack on colliers near Tenedos, 338.
Attack on Dutch ship Zevenbergen,

199-200, 344.

Attack on S.S. Elfland, 201.
Attacks on steam trawlers, 363.
Seaplane raid over Kent, 361-2.
L 8 Zeppelin damaged in Belgium,

46-7.
Zeppelin raids :

M. Augagneur on, 48.
French towns, 208.
Great Britain :

East Coast, 356-61 .
Eastern counties, 455-60.
North-east Coast, 351-5.
Paris, 207-8.

Russian, bombs on Bosphorus bat-
teries, 265, 266.

Africa, West Coast of, enemy steamers in-
terned on, number and employment,

185-

Africa, H.M.S., alleged sinking of, at
the Dardanelles, 130, 131.

Agamemnon, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 4, 16, 17, 19, in, 112, 115, 117,
118, 124, 126, 129, 136, 137.

Aguila, S.S. : 226.
Sinking of, by submarine, 228, 229.
Testimony to conduct in attack by
submarine, 437.

505

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Ahvaz, see under Mesopotamia.
Akaba, Gulf of, French cruisers in, 223.
Akasi, Japanese cruiser, 282.
Aki, Japanese battleship, 270, 281.
Akitsusima, Japanese coast defence boat ;
282.

Operations near Tsing-Tau, 271.
Akula, German submarine in the Baltic,

262.

Alabama, American warship, 165, 166.
Albemarle, Earl of, on treatment of

prisoners, 417-18.
Albert, see under France.
Albion, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

17, 112, 115, 117, 119, I2O, 121, 122,
123, I24,. 125, 127, I2Q, 133, 139, 366.

Alexander Hastie, S.S. :
Claim to have sunk submarine, 108.
German submarine's attempted attack
on, 98.

Alexandretta, Gulf of, alleged loss of Allied
seaplane in, 406.

Algerine, H.M.S., loss of, 1826, 53-4.

Allen, Capt. John Derwent, H.M.S. Kent :
Appointment as Companion, Order of

the Bath, 290.
Sinking of the Dresden by, 171-3.

Allistone, Lieut., Middlesex Regt., Ger-
man reprisals on, 411. *

Alsace-Lorraine :

Altkirch station, French air raid, 209.
Cernay, French air raid, 209.
Mulheim barracks, French air raid,
209.

Alston, S.S., reported to have struck
submarine, 98, 108.

Altkirch, see under Alsace-Lorraine.

d'Amade, General, French Expedition-
ary Force under, for the Dardanelles,

156, 324-

Amatsukaze, Japanese destroyer, 283.

America, West Coast of, Japanese Navy
off, 277-8.

Amethyst, H.M.S. , Dardanelles opera-
tions, 112, 113, 115, 123, 125, 126.

Amiral Ganteaume, torpedoing of, re-
ferred to, 76.

Amstel9 Dutch S.S., mining of, 229.

Andalusian, S.S. :
Attack by submarine off the Scillys,

189.
Sunk by torpedo, 210 note.

Anderson, W. C., M.P., question re
merchant ships in war service, rates
paid, 378-9.

506

Andreae, Flight Sub-Lieut. Frank G.,

attack on German submarines at
Hoboken, 311.

Anglo- Japanese Alliance, 285.

Anizy, see under France.

Annitsford, see under Great Britain.

Antivari, see under Montenegro.

Arab, H.M.S., wreck of, 1823, 53.

Arabia, Mouaileh, bombardment by Eng-
lish cruiser, 211.

Argenteuil, see under France.

Argentine, ship whose cargo, or part of
it, has been detained, 471.

Ariel, H.M.S., U 12 sunk by, 100.

Ariol, Russian cruiser, at Singapore,

273-
Ark Royal, Dardanelles operations, 18,

123.

Arkhan, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Arnold, Able Seaman Alfred Charles Philip,

award of D.S.M., 467.
Arsoun, see under Turkey.
Asahi, Japanese battleship, 281.
Asama, Japanese cruiser: 281.

in the Pacific and South Seas, 276.
Ascania, S.S., accommodation of prisoners

in, 183, 392.
Ashton, Capt., 2nd Life Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
A skold, Russian cruiser :
Alleged presence of Russian General on,
to watch over operation of British
and French fleets in the Dardanelles,
266.

Dardanelles operations, 13, 404.
Asnieres, see under France.
A so, Japanese cruiser, 281.
Asquith, Rt. Hon. H. H., M.P., Prime
Minister, replies to questions in the
House :

Confiscation of enemy ships for tor-
pedoed British merchant ships, 393.
Dardanelles operations, 3-4, 393.
German submarine blockade, 4-10.
International Law, 82.
Naval casualties, 393-4.
Asturias, S.S., hospital ship, German sub-
marine attack on, 95, 108.
Atalanta, S.S., torpedoed, 177, 210 note.
Augagneur, Victor, French Minister of

Marine :
Interview with Paris correspondent of

the United Press of America, 47-8.
Telegram of sympathy sent to Mme.
Senes, 409.

INDEX

Augsburg, German cruiser, operations in

the Baltic, 262.
Auguste Conseil, French S.S., torpedoed

by U 29, 143, 216.
Australia :

Enemy ships, employment, 395.
Imperial Force, Gallipoli operations,

400, 401, 406-7.
Navy, loss of A . E 2 at the Dardanelles,

406, 455-

Prime Minister, see Fisher, Rt. Hon. A.
Transports, convoying of, by Japanese

ships, 274.
Austria-Hungary :
Cotton supplies, 384-5.
Export trade, Herr Ballin on, 340.
Gunboats on the Danube, Serbian

attack on, 396.
Navy :

Bombardment of Antivari, 28.
Loss of Kaiserin Elisabeth at Kiao-

Chau, 273.
Ship detained or captured by Russian

Naval authorities, 293.
Ships in British ports, use of, 10677.
Azuma, Japanese cruiser, 281.

Bailey, Midshipman Leslie Frank, H.M.S.

Bayano, loss of, 159.
Baker, H., M.P., replies to questions in the

House :
Optical instruments, supply* of glass,

436.

Proficiency pay, 442.
Tyne examination service vessels, 383.
War Department vessels, wages of

crews, 382-3.

Bakhofen, see under Russia.
Ballin, Herr, head of Hamburg-Ainerika

line :
Interview with New York World, 338-

41-
Letter to The Times, 2nd Aug. 1914,

341-2.
Balmerino, S.S., survivors from H.M.S.

Bayano taken on board, 159.
Baltic:

Communique of Russian Naval General
Staff, 260-5.

German operations in, 334.
Bamford, 1st Cl. Boy F. G. H., awarded

D.S.M., 287.
Banbury, Sir F., M.P. :

on Naval Discipline Bill, 56.

on Treatment of prisoners, 426.

Bannerman, Thomas Ross, Master of S.S.

Aguila, to be rewarded for conduct in

attack by submarine, 437.
Barber, Alfred W., Boatswain. R.N.,

wounded in Dardanelles operations,

13; .

Barjisiyah, see under Mesopotamia.
Baroda, inquiry held into loss of, 154.
Barrow, Comdr. Benjamin Wingate, Ad-
miralty letter of approbation to, 467.
Basilisk, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

140.
Bastochnaja, Russian ship, sunk by

Turkish fleet, 313.

Batavier V., Dutch ship, seizure by Ger-
mans, 198-202, 344.

Bath, Order of the, see under Great Britain.
Batiscan, inquiry held into loss of, 1^4.
Baxter, Walter Campbell, Chief Officer,
S.S. Falaba : 250, 251.

Evidence re sinking of ship, 238-9.

Exonerated from blame in connection

with loss of ship, 260.
Bayan, Russian ship, German submarine

destroyed by, in the Baltic, 264.
Bayano, H.M.S. : 394.

Loss of, 158-60.
Bazancourt, see under France.
Beachy Head, see under Great Britain.
Beauchamp, Earl, on exclusion of Royal

Marine officers from First Class of

Order of the Bath, 30.
Beck, A. C. T., M.P., reply to question re

Anti-aircraft force, 386.
Beethoven, S.S., collier, alleged sinking of,

101.

Behncke, Acting Chief of German Admi-
ral Staff, announcement of Zeppelin

raid on England, 359.
Belgium :

German ultimatum, time of presenting,
190.

Ghent, passengers of Dutch ship
Batavier V. taken to, 189.

Gits aerodrome bombed by French avi-
ators, 209.

Hoboken, British air raid, 214, 311.

Lichterfelde railway and stations.
Air Raid, 209.

Merkem station, French air raid, 209.

Ostend, British air raid, 73-4, 465.

Poperinghe, aeroplane raid on, 47.

Ship whose cargo, or part of it, has
been detained, 292.

Staden station, French air raid, 209.

507

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Belgium (continued) :

Tirlemont, L 8 Zeppelin damaged at,

and some of crew killed, 46-7.
Wyfvege station, French air raid, 209.'
Zeebrugge :

Bombardment by British warships,

311-

Passengers of Dutch ship Batavier V.

taken to, 198-9.
Submarine station, British air raid,

3". 465-
Bell, Lieut. John William, D.S.O., R.N.R.,

S.S. Thordis :
Presentation to, for sinking German

submarine, 332-3.
Rewarded for conduct in attack by

submarine, 437.
Bellairs, Commander, M.P., questions in

the House :
Armed German cruisers, repairs in

neutral ports, 384.
Coastguard ratings, promotion, 54.
Engineer officers, honours and promo-
tions, 377.

Medical consultants, 425.
Naval Discipline Bill, 63.
Naval officers, shore appointments, 105.
Retired captains, R.N., promotion, 350.
Ships lost, 1815-40, without minutes of

court-martial, 53.
Submarine attacks on Allied and

neutral merchant ships, 376.
Ben Arthur, trawler, employment in

Tyne examination service, 383.
Bengrove, S.S., torpedoed off Ilfracombe,

49, 188.

Benlawers, S.S., copra cargo, 374, 375.
Benn, Shirley, M.P., questions in the House :
Grain for Germany, 440.
Royal Naval Reserve bonus, 2.
Bennet, Stkr. 1st Cl. A. H., awarded

D.S.M., 287.

Bennetts, Seaman James Ninnif, R.N.R.,

wounded in Dardanelles operations, 13.

Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles, G.C.B.,

G.C.V.O., M.P. :
on Naval Discipline Bill, 56-7, 58, 85,

87, 88, 96-7.
Questions in the House :

Admiralty communiques, time of

issue, 54.

Armed merchant cruisers, seaworthi-
ness, 40.

Confiscation of enemy ships for tor-
pedoed British merchant ships, 393.

508

Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles, G.C.B.,
G.C.V.O., M.P. (continued) :

Dardanelles operations, 393.

Engineer-Lieutenants, pay, 36.

La Correntina, S.S., sinking of, 436.

Manitou, transport, attack on, 391,
392.

Merchant ships escaped from sub-
marine, 437.

Prisoners in Germany, treatment of,

395-6.

Prize money, 378.

Proficiency pay to soldiers entering
National Reserve after service in
the Navy, 442.
Royal Dockyards :

Subsistence allowance to men
working outside home yards, 382.
Wages to bricklayers, 381 .
R.N.D., commissions for non-com-
missioned officers of Royal Marines,
191.
R.N.R. engineer officers not called up

for service with R.N., 36.
Sickness at Osborne College, 2-3.
War Department vessels, petitions

of crews, 382.

Writers, Royal Navy, 440, 441.
on Treatment of prisoners in Germany,

429.

Bermuda, ,H .M.S., foundering of, 1821, 53.
Bernstorff, Count, German Ambassador at

Washington :
Correspondence with Mr. Bryan re

S.S. Odenwald, 192-7.
Correspondence with Mr. Bryan re

Prinz Eitel Friedrich, 168-9, I7°-
Correspondence with Mr. Lansing re

Kronprinz Wilhelm, 330-1.
on Sinking of S.S. Falaba, 168, 243.
Bevan, L. M., Master of S.S. Theseus, to
be rewarded for conduct in attack by
submarine, 437.

Bewes, Major A. E., mentioned in de-
spatches, 112.

Bickerdike, C. F., Secretary to Committee
re compensation to seamen for loss of
effects, 398.
Bingham, Lieut., Roy. Welsh Fusiliers,

German reprisals on, 411.
Black Sea :

Russian operations in, 49-50, 355, 368-9.
Turkish ships in, 313.
Blackburn, Actg. Ldg. Stkr. J., awarded
D.S.M., 287.

INDEX

Blackwood, S.S., torpedoed off Hastings,

100, 188.
Blair, Lieut. Hunter, Gordon Highrs.,

German reprisals on, 411.
Blake, Sir H. Acton, at presentation to

captain of S.S. Thordis, 332.
Blenheim, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

112.

Blucher, German cruiser : 427.

Operations in the Baltic, 262.
Blue Jacket, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 211.
Blyth, see under Great Britain.
Board of Trade, see under Great Britain.
Bobr, Russian ship, submarine attack on,

in the Baltic, 264.
Bogatyr, Russian ship, pursuit of German

cruisers in the Baltic, 261.
Bogsher Lighthouse, see under Russia.
Bosphorus :

Forts, bombardment by Russian fleet,
265-7, 312, 398-9, 4°3-

Russian fleet near, 130, 218.

Russian mine-laying in, results, 316-17.
Bothnia, Gulf of, Russian S.S. Uleaborg

destroyed in, 262.
Bouvet, French warship :

Dardanelles operations* 14, 17, 19, 115,
116, 117, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133.

Sinking of, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132.
Bowendtschoff, see under Russia.
Bowerman, C. W., M.P., question re hire of

ships for internment of prisoners of war,

182-3.
Boy-Ed, Captain, German Naval Attache,

Washington, on sinking of the Dresden,

172.
Bradley, Ldg. Carp, Crew, E. 0., awarded

D.S.M., 288.
Brand, Capt. Hubert G., Naval Attache

to the British Embassy, Tokyo, 271.
Brattan, Lieut. Arthur Crossfield, H.M.S.

Bayano, loss of, 158.
Breslau : 463.

in the Black Sea, 313.
Brewer, Stkr. P.O. George S., awarded

D.S.M., 289.

Brimont, see under France.
Briseis, H.M.S. , loss of, 1838, 53-4.
Bristol Channel see under Great Britain.
Brock, Capt. Osmond de Beauvois :

Appointed Companion, Order of the
Bath, 286.

Promotion to Rear- Admiral, 290.
Brodie, Lieut.-Comdr. Theodore S., E is,

taken prisoner by Turks, 366.

Bromet, Flight-Lieut., at the Dardanelles

18.
Brown :

Lieut. Ernest Arthur, H.M.S. Bayano,
loss of, 159.

Lieut. Gage, ist Life Guards, German
reprisals on, 411.

Lieut., at the Dardanelles, 18.
Brussels, S.S. :

Conflict with submarine off Maas
lightship, 267-8.

Testimony to conduct in attack by

submarine, 437.

Bryan, W. J., United States Secretary of
State: 308.

Correspondence with German Ambassa-
dor re S.S. Odenwald, 192-7.

Correspondence with German Ambassa-
dor re internment of the Prinz Eitel
Friedrich, 168-9, 170.
Bryant, Mr., representing Admiralty at

inquest on bodies recovered from S.S.

Falaba, 238.

Bryssel, Danish S.S., arrest and subse-
quent release and retention of cargo by

Germans, 203.
Buckle, Brig.-Gen., and King's visit to

the Fleet, 217.
Bulair, see under Gallipoli.
Bulgaria, Prime Minister, see Radoslavoff ,

Bull, Sir William, M.P., questions in the
House :

German draftsman in employment of
Admiralty contractors, 36.

International Law, 82.
Burg, see under Germany.
Burnham, Colonel, U.S. Army, Collector

of Customs, San Juan de Porto Rico,

proceedings re S.S. Odenwald, 192-7.
Burton, Gunner (T.) Joseph H., awarded

D.S.C., 287.

Bury St. Edmunds, see under Great Britain.
Bushell, Ch. P.O. Alfred Ethelbert, award

of D.S.M., 467.
Butler, Eng.-Lieut.-Commander, H.M.S.

Liberty, noted for early promotion, 377.
Buttonshaw, Yeo. of Sigs. John, award of

D.S.M., 467.
Byles, Sir W., M.P., on Naval Discipline

Bill, 95, 96, 97-

Cairntorr, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 211.
Caledonia, S.S., 332.

509

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Callaghan :

Lieut.-Comdr. Cyril, Admiralty letter

of approbation to, 467.
Ch. Stkr. P., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Calypso, H.M.S., loss of, 1833, 53-4.
Cameroons, blockade of, 397.
dampbell :

Lieut. Colin, A. & S. Highrs., German

reprisals on, 411.
Lieut., Royal Horse Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
Camperdown, Earl of :

on Pilotage certificates and aliens, 103.
on Treatment of submarine prisoners,

419.

Camps, Mr., M. Inst. Naval Architects,
report on boats of S.S. Falaba, 253,

254-
Canary Islands, Las Palmas, attempted

escape of German liner Macedonia from,

167, 191.
Cannon, Mechn. A. J., awarded D.S.M.,

287.
Canopus, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

13, 16, 121, 124, 140.
Canterbury, see under Great Britain.
Canterbury, Archbishop of :

on Naval Marriages Bill, 149-50, 150-1.

on Treatment of prisoners,, 415-16.
Cap Trafalgar, German armed merchajnt

cruiser, 465, 467.

Cape Helles, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Cape Tekeh, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Garden, Vice- Admiral :

Reports re Dardanelles operations,
15-18, 110-26.

Succeeded by Rear- Admiral John

Michael de Robeck, 128.
Carew, Temp. Lieut. George, H.M.S.

Hardinge, award of D.S.C., 466.
Carmania, H.M.S., 465.
Carr, Comdr. Henry Cecil, H.M.S. Bayano,

loss of, 158.
Carson, Sir E., M.P., question re Prize

Claims Committee, 448, 449.
Cartwright, Lieut., Middlesex Regt., Ger-
man reprisals on, 411.
Cary, Lieut. John Pitt, A.E2, taken

prisoner by Turks, 455.
Castlereagh, S.S., 160.
Cataluna, Spanish warship, 191.
Cayley, Commodore, and King's visit to

the Fleet, 217.
Cecil, Lord Robert, M.P., on treatment of

prisoners, 423, 428-9, 445.

Cernay, see under Alsace-Lorraine.

Chamberlain, Right Hon. A., M.P. :
on Naval Discipline Bill, 62, 67-8, 69,

72.

Question re Special treatment of sub-
marine prisoners, 423.

Champagne, see under France.

Chapman, Rev. S. H., 361-2.

Charcas, S.S., sunk by Prinz Eitel Fried-
rich, 1 66.

Charlemagne, French ship, Dardanelles
operations, 17, 19, 117, 119, 124, 127,
129, 137, 138.

Charlewood, Sub-Lieut. Clement James,
H.M.S. Helmuth, award of D.S.C., 465,
466.

Charnwood, Lord, question re petrol and
German submarines, 189.

Chateaubriand, French sailing ship, sink-
ing of, by submarine, 323.

Chatham, see under Great Britain.

Chauny, see under France.

Cheatle, G. L., C.B., C.V.O., P.R.C.S., naval
medical consultant, 425.

Checkley, P.O. 1st Cl. John, award of
D.S.M., 467.

Chelmer, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

I2O, 134, 140, 141, 142.

Cheyne, Sir W. W., Bart., C.B., F.R.C.S.,

naval medical consultant, 425.
Chiflik, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Chihaya, Japanese gunboat, 282.
Chikuma, Japanese cruiser: 281.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.
Chile:

Minister in London, see Edwards,

Agustin.
Valparaiso :

Crew of the Dresden taken to, 1 71 , 1 72.
Left by Prinz Eitel Friedrich, 6th

Nov. 1914, 1 66.
Violation of neutrality of, by the

Dresden, 172.
China :

Kiao-Chau :

Blockade, 27th Aug. — loth Nov.

1914, 271-2.
German warlike preparations, 269.

Naval action at, 270-3.
Laoshan Bay, landing at, 272.
Tientsin :

German refugees from Tsing-tau,
arrest of S.S. Paklat while con-
veying, 74-7.
Prinz Eitel Friedrich at, 166.

INDEX

China (continued) :

Tsing-tau, German refugees to Tientsin,
arrest of S.S. Paklat while conveying,
74-7-

China Mutual Steam Navigation Co.
(A. Holt and Co.), S.S. Ningchow,
owned by, chased by submarine, 98.
China Seas, operations of Japanese Fleet

in, 273.

Chitose, Japanese cruiser: 281.
Operations near Tsing-Tau, 271.
on Western coast of America, 278.
Chiyoda :

Japanese coast defence boat, 282.
Japanese cruiser, operations near Tsing-
Tau, 271.
Chohmoh-Maru III., Japanese S.S., loss

of, at Kiao-Chau, 272-3.
Chohmoh-Maru VI., Japanese S.S., loss

of, at Kiao-Chau, 272-3.
Choppington, see under Great Britain.
Chorley, Asst. Paymaster Dudley Cecil,

H.M.S. Bayano, loss of, 159.
Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston L. Spencer,
M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty :
Criticism by Lord Curzon, 420.
Denial of German reports of actions in

North Sea and Dardanelles, 369.
Replies to questions in the House :
British merchant ships detained, cap-
tured, or destroyed, 185.
Engineer officers, honours and pro-
motions, 377.
Falkland Islands battle, despatch re,

425-
Retired captains, R.N., promotion,

350-
Ships lost, 1815-40, without minutes

of court-martial, 53-4.
Special treatment of submarine pri-
soners, 422-4.
Submarine attacks on British and

neutral merchant ships, 376.
Telegrams between Governor-General
of Australia and Governor of New
Zealand and, on Dardanelles opera-
tions, 406-7.
Churchill, S.S., 143.

City of Cambridge, S.S., testimony to
conduct in attack by submarine, 437.
Clacton-on-Sea, see under Great Britain.
Clan Macnaughton, S.S. : 40.

Armament, Admiralty survey, etc., 37.
Life-saving apparatus, 41.
Clan Stuart, inquiry held into loss of, 154.

Clark, P.O. 1st CL Thomas James, H.M.S.
Goliath, award of C.G.M., 466.

Claydon, Police-Constable, Ipswich, ac-
count of Zeppelin raid, 457.

Clough, W., M.P., question re H.M.
trawlers, pay, etc., of coxswains, 42

Clyde Shipping Co., S.S. Kalibia owned by,
chased by submarine, 98.

Cocos Island, destruction of the Emden
at, 274.

Coke, Capt., Scots Guards, German re-
prisals on, 410.

Collins, Comdr. Charles G., appointment as
temp. Lieut.-Col., R.M., 286.

Colne, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,
H9, 133. 139, i4°> 141.

Colson, Actg. Sub-Lieut. Douglas Nowell,
H.M.S. Carmania, award of D.S.C., 465.

Compiegne, see under France.

Comus, H.M.S., wreck of 1816, 53.

Concord, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 211.

Confiance, H.M.S., loss of, 1822, 53.

Conflans-Jarny, see under France.

Conspicuous Gallantry Medal, see under
Great Britain.

Constance Catherine, Dutch S.S., survivors
from the Harpalyce rescued by, 328.

Contest, H.M.S., loss of, 1828, 53.

Cooper, Sir E. E., at presentation to
captain of S.S. Thordis, 332.

Copra for Italy, proceedings re, 373-5.

Cornwallis, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 4, 13, 16, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120, 122, 126, 131, 141.

Corra Lynn, inquiry held into loss of, 154.

Corson, Lieut. Eric Reid, H.M.S. Fox,
award of D.S.C., 465.

Cossack, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.

Cotterell, Mr., Assistant Marine Superin-
tendent, Elder, Dempster & Co., report
on boats of S.S. Falaba, 253.

Coucy le Chateau, see under France.

Courbevoie, see under France.

Courland, German squadron off, 206, 207.
| Courtney, Lord, of Penwith, on treatment
of submarine prisoners, 421.

Courtney, Squadron Comdr. Ivor T., raid
on Hoboken, 214.

Cox, Lieut. B. T., H.M.S. Prince George,
mentioned in despatches, 112.

Craig :

Herbert, M.P., question re Tyne ex-
amination service vessels, 383.
John, managing owner of the S.S.
Falaba : 246.

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Craig (continued) :

John (continued) :

Exonerated from blame in connec-
tion with loss of S.S. Falaba, 260.
Cramlington, see under Great Britain.
Creagh, Lieut.-Comdr. James Vandeleur,
H.M.S. Ariel:

Admiralty letter of approbation to, 467.

U 12 sunk, 100.

Cress well, see under Great Britain.
Cressy, H.M.S. , 215.
Crewe, Marquess of :

on Prize Claims Committee, 152-3, 154.

on Prize money, 104.
Crossley-Meates, Flight-Lieut. B., descent

in Holland, 214.

Crown of Castille, S.S., torpedoing of, 268.
Cnming, Vice-Admiral (ret.) Robert Ste-
venson Dalton :

Promotion to Admiral (ret.), 290.

Appointment as temp. Captain, R.N.R.,

469-
Cunningham, Lieut.-Comdr. A. B., H.M.S.

Scorpion, commendation of, 111-12.
Currie, Ldg. Carp. Crew, E., awarded

D.S.M., 288.
Curzon, Earl, of Kedleston, on treatment of

prisoners, 420-1.
Gushing, American S.S., attack on, by

German airmen, 442-3.
Cust, Comdr. Sir Charles, Bt., in attendance

during King's visit to the Fleet, i, 217.

Dailey, Ch. Carp. Frederick E., awarded

D.S.C., 287.
Daleby, S.S., 329.
Dalziel, Sir Henry, M.P., on treatment of

prisoners, 423-4, 426-8, 444, 445.
Dampier, Capt. Cecil Frederick, promoted

to Flag rank, 290.
Dand, Ch. E.-R. Art. 2nd Cl. W. B.,

awarded D.S.M., 287.
Daniels, Mr., Secretary U.S.A. Navy,

attentions paid to Commander of Prinz

Eitel Friedrich, 162-3.
Danube, Austrian gunboats on, Serbian

attack on, 396.

Dar-es-Salaam, see under East Africa.
Dardanelles :

Forts, bombardment of, 12-13, I27»
128, 130, 131, 266, 312, 316, 333-4,

337. 338, 355> 386.

French Expeditionary Force for, 156, 324.
Kephez mine-field, attacks on, 122, 123,

124, 125, 125-6.

512

Dardanelles (continued) :

Kephez, searchlights, attack on, 124,

125-

Map, 114.

Mine-sweepers, sinking of, 109, no, 313,
Mine-sweeping, 12-13, T3» J5» 108, 109,
112, 115-16, 121, 122, 126, 133, 135,
141, 142, 312.

Narrows, attack on, 126, 129-30, 131-2.
Operations in : 4, 12, 15, 16, 17, 108,

3i6, 365, 366, 390, 399-4°8-
Admiralty reports, 12-13, 14~i8, 126-8,
Rt. Hon. H. H. Asquith on, 3-4.
M. Augagneur on, 48.
Berlin statements, 20, 22.
Delay by unfavourable weather, 12.
French official statements, 13-14,

18-19.
Letter from Vice- Admiral de Robeck,

26th March 1915, 132-43.
Narrative of events :

i9th Feb. — i6th March 1915, 115-

26.

i7th and i8th March 1915, 134.
Reports from Vice- Admiral S. H.

Garden, 15-18, 110-25.
Responsibility for, etc., 393, 450.
Statement by Mr. Churchill, 369.
Turkish reports, 14, 20, 21-3, 109,

no, 131-2, 226-8, 218.
Wolff's Telegraph Bureau report,

109-10.
Scouting expedition of H.M.S. Renard

in, 337-

anti-Submarine obstruction, 125.
Turkish army, Marshal Liman von
Sanders appointed to command,
226.

Dardanos, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Dare, Rear-Admiral (ret.) Charles Hoi-
combe, M.V.O., promotion to Vice-
Admiral (ret.), 290.
Dartmouth, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 142.
Davies :

Capt. D., Assessor at investigation into

loss of the S.S. Falaba, 245.
Capt. Frederick J., S.S. Falaba : 249.
Conduct of, 229, 232.
Death, 230, 232.
Inquest on, 238-40.

Chief Engineer Harry, S.S. Vosges:
Gold watch to be presented to widow,

225.
Killed, 224.

INDEX

Davies (continued) :

Squad. -Comdr. Richard Bell, appoint-
ment to D.S.O., 464-5.
Davis :

Ch. P.O. Arthur, award of D.S.M., 468.

A.B. H., award of D.S.M., 287.
Davison, Sub-Lieut. Alexander Clyne,

H.M.S. Bayano, loss of, 159.
Day, Mr., Ipswich, shop damaged in

Zeppelin raid, 458, 460.
De Crespigny, Lieut.-Comdr., representing

Admiralty at inquest on bodies re-
covered from S.S. Falaba, 238.
De Robeck, Vice- Admiral John Michael :

in Command at the Dardanelles, 128.

Dardanelles operations, in.

on Destruction of E 15, 367.

Letter from, 26th March 1915, 132-43.

Mentioned in despatches, 113.

Message from the King, 406.
De Sails, Rear-Admiral (ret.) William,

M.Y.O., appointment as temp. Captain,

R.N.R., 290.
Deacon, W. H. G., I.S.O., on Committee

re compensation to seamen for loss of

effects, 398.

Deal, see under Great Britain.
Declaration of London, 1909, Great

Britain not to repudiate, 82.
Declaration of Paris, 1856, Great Britain

not to repudiate, 82.
Dee River, see under Great Britain.
Defence of the Realm Regulations, see

under Great Britain.
Delight, H.M.S. , loss of, 1824, 53.
Delmira, S.S., disabled by U 27, 216.
Denmark :

Cargo confiscated by Germans, 203.

Ships whose cargoes, or part of them,
have been detained, 293, 470, 471,
472.
D' Entrecasteaux , French cruiser :

Dardanelles operations, 19.

Operations off Gaza, 223.
Dernburg, Herr, on sinking of the S.S.

Falaba, 241.
Desaix, French cruiser, operations in

Gulf of Akaba, 223.
Desart, Earl of :

on Prize Claims Committee, 153-4.

Vice-Chairman of Prize Claims Com-
mittee, 152, 154.

Devonport, see under Great Britain.
Dewing, Lieut. R. H., R.E., mentioned in

despatches, 337.

NAVAL 4 2 K

Dickens, Actg. Sub-Lieut. George Frederick,

H.M.S. Carmania, award of D.S.C.,

465-

Dickinson, Rt. Hon. W. A., M.P., on treat-
ment of prisoners, 429-30.
Dieppe, see under France.
Dinorah, French S.S., sunk by U i6t 227.
Distinguished Service Cross, see under

Great Britain.
Distinguished Service Medal, see under

Great Britain.
Distinguished Service Order, see under

Great Britain.

Dominica, H.M.S., wreck of, 1815, 53.
Domont, see under France.
Doody, 2nd officer S.S. Vosges, 224.
Doris, 467.
Douglas, Flight-Lieut., at Dardanelles,

18.

Dover, see under Great Britain.
Dover Straits, light vessels and traffic

regulations, Admiralty notice, 213-14,

218-19.

Downs, The, see under Great Britain.
Dreadnought, H.M.S., 4.
Dresden, German cruiser :

Destruction, 171-3, 278.

Sinking of, notes exchanged with the

Chilean Minister re, 173-7.
Dreslincourt, see under France.
Dublin, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

15, 17, 117, 118, 120, 124, 136.
Dudley, see under Great Britain.
Dulwich, S.S., sunk by U f6, 227.
Duncan, Charles, M.P., questions in the
House :

Enemy aliens and strikes, 376.

Royal Dockyards, yard-craft men, 447.
Dunedin, S.S. : 226.

Account of sinking of S.S. Falaba,

240-1.
Dunphy, Lieut. Bernard, H.M.S. Bayano,

loss of, 158.
Dymott, Shipwright 2nd Cl. Albert C. H.,

awarded D.S.M., 289.

Eis\ 443, 469.

Grounding of, on Kephez Point, and
subsequent destruction by British,

365-8.
Easey, Mr., Ipswich, damage to house in

Zeppelin raid, 457, 459.
East Africa, Dar-es-Salaam, awards for
conduct in operations at, 464, 465-6,
466.

5IS

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

East Prussia :

Laugallen, buildings and barns burnt

by Russians, 206.
Memel :

Civilians, mutiny by, 204, 205.
Russian occupation, 203-7.
Nimmersatt, buildings and barns

burnt by Russians, 206.
North, Russian invasion, 203-7.
Tilsit, inhabitants, treatment of Russian

troops, 204.
Easter Island :

Crews of ships sunk by Prinz Eitel

Friedrich left on, 166.
French collier Jean sunk at, by Prinz

Eitel Friedrich, 166.
Eastern Seas, operations of Japanese

Fleet in, 273.

Eddystone, see under Great Britain.
Edwards, Agustin, Chilean Minister in
London, notes exchanged with Sir E.
Grey re sinking of the Dresden, 173-7.
Eemstroom, Dutch S.S., stopping of, by

German submarine, 201.
Egford, Carp. George Henry, awarded

D.S.C., 288.
Egmont, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

112.

Egypt, French Expeditionary Force for

the Dardanelles in, 324.
Eileen Emma, steam drifter : 250, 25^,
258.

Rescue of survivors of S.S. Falaba by,

230, 233, 239, 255.
Elder, Dempster and Co. :

Managers of S.S. Falaba, 246.

Sinking of S.S. Falaba, owned by, 228-9.
Elfland, S.S., attack by German aero-
plane, 201.

Elfriede, German S.S., captured, 412.
Elizabeth, Dutch S.S., survivors from the

Harpalyce rescued by, 326, 327, 328.
Ellerman Lines, Ltd., Liverpool, S.S.

Andalusian owned by, torpedoed, 189.
Elliott, Capt. George, Roy. Irish Regt.,

German reprisals on, 410.
Ellispontos, Greek S.S., sinking of, by

German torpedo, 362-4.
Elmira, S.S.. 254.
Emden, S.M.S. : 99, 274, 467.

Destruction, 274.
Emma, S.S., torpedoing of, 268.
Emmott, Lord, First Commissioner of
Works :

on Naval Discipline Bill, 143-7, 148.

Emmott, Lord (continued) :

on Naval Marriage Bill, 148-9, 150, 151.
on Petrol and German submarines, 1 89-

90.
on Royal Marine Officers unemployed,

372.
Emulate, trawler, rescue of survivors

from S.S. Falaba, 255.
England i

Shipwright ist Cl. Albert N. E., awarded

D.S.M., 289.
Lieut. -Comdr. Hugh T., H.M.S. Chel-

mer, mentioned in despatches, 133.
English Channel :

Declared by Germany as a ' war area,'
5-6 ; reply by British Government,
6-7.
German submarine shelled by French

warship, 46.

German submarines in, 188, 227, 322.
Live torpedoes adrift in, 333.
Pilotage, Admiralty notices, 77-9, 221-2.
£7<£sunk in, 48-9.
Enos, see under Turkey.
Ephgrave, Mechn. E. C., awarded D.S.M.,

287.

Eregli, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Espiegle, H.M.S. , operations on the

Euphrates, 336, 337.
Essen, see under Germany.
Essex, Sir Walter, M.P., on treatment of

prisoners, 433-4.
Euphrates River, operations on, 316, 336,

337-
Euryalus, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

16, 18.

Falaba, S.S. : 226, 422.

Authorised statement re, 243-4.
Boat lists and boat drill, 248-9.
Building, ownership, and management,

246.

Captain and officers, 249.
Cargo, 249.
Crew, 249, 255.

Dimensions and equipment, 247, 256-7.
Lifeboats : 256.

Condition of, when order to lower was
given, 252-4.

Launching of, 254, 259.

Position of, on leaving Liverpool,

248.

Passengers, 249, 256.
Sinking of, by German submarine :

164, 168, 228-9, 229» 25°-

INDEX

Falaba, S.S. (continued) :
Sinking of (continued) :
Accounts of :

by S.S. Dunedin, 240-1.
by Survivors, 232-3, 233-5, 23&~9-
by Capt. Wright, 233.
American press comments, 235-6,

236, 241.

Count Bernstorff on, 243.
Brutal behaviour of Germans, 230,

232, 233, 234, 235, 252.
Deaths, 255.
Herr Dernburg on, 241.
Formal investigation under Merchant
Shipping Act, 1894, and report,
245-60.

German comments, 236, 242.
German note on, 168.
Inquest on eight bodies recovered

from, 238-40.

Herr von Jagow on, 242-3.
List of missing, 236-8.
List of survivors, 230-2.
Question and answer in the House of

Commons, 245.
Surveys, etc., 247-8.
Unarmed, 250.

Falcon, H.M.S., U Shunted by, 49.
Falkland Islands, battle off, 8th Dec. 1914,

278.
Publication of despatch, question re,

425-

Falle, B. G., M.P., questions in the House :
H.M.S. Clan Macnaughton, 37.
Royal Dockyards, pay and privileges,

381-
Falze, Pilot Sergeant, aviatik brought

down by, 209.
Farnham, family, Ipswich, damage to

house in Zeppelin raid, 459.
Farnsworth, Able Seaman Ernest, award

of D.S.M., 467.
Farrant, Lieut. Charles E. S., H.M.S.

Rennet, mentioned in despatches, 134.
Faversham, see under Great Britain.
Fawn, H.M.S., £7 Shunted by, 49.
Felixstowe, see under Great Britain.
Fell, A., M.P., question re Anti-Aircraft

Corps, 435.
Fermo, trawler, fired on by submarine

when endeavouring to rescue crew of

Vanilla, 369-70.

Fernando Noronha, island of, S.S. Guade-
loupe sunk by Kronprinz Wilhelm off,

M3-

Ferris, Ch. Stkr. A. W., awarded D.S.M.,

287.
I Fingal, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 177, 210

note.

Finnis, Admiral (ret.) Frank, C.V.O.,
appointment as temp. Captain, R.N.R.,
469.

Fisher, Rt. Hon. A., Australian Prime
Minister, Message from the King on
Dardanelles operations, 406.
Fishguard and Rosslare Railways and
Harbours Co., S.S. St. Andrew, owned
by, chased by submarine, 98.
Fitzgerald, Actg. Sub-Lieut. Geoffrey J. P.,

E 75, taken prisoner by Turks, 366.
Fitzroy, Lieut., Scots Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
Flaminian, S.S., torpedoed, 268.
Flannery, Sir J. Fortescue, M.P. :

at Presentation to captain of S.S.

Thordis, 332.
Questions in the House :

Prisoners of war, accommodation in

steamships, 392.
Sinking of enemy submarines by

merchant ships, 108.

Flood, Stkr. P.O. M., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Florazan, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 188,

210 note.

Flushing, see under Holland.
Flushing, S.S., rescue of crew of the

Katwyk by, 342.

Fort Napoleon, see under Gallipoli Penin-
sula.

Forth, Firth of, see under Great Britain.
Fountaine, Comdr. Charles Andrew, pro-
moted to Captain, 287.
Fox, H.M.S., at Dar-es- Salaam, 465-6.
Foyle, H.M.S., notice of intended distri-
bution of Naval salvage money, 461.
France :

Aerial Navigation, see that title.
Albert civil hospital, German bom-
bardment, 208.

Anizy station, French air raid, 209.
Argenteuil, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Asnieres, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Bazancourt station, French air raid,

209.
Brimont, French air raid on batteries

at, 209.

British Naval support, time of convey-
ing decision, 190.

Champagne, German captive balloon,
French air raid, 209.

515

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

France (continued) :

Chauny station, French air raid,

209.

Compi£gne, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Conflans-Jarny, railway and station,

French air raid, 209.
Coucy le Chateau station, French air

raid, 209.

Courbevoie, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Dieppe, German submarine off, attack

on, by French ship, 267.
Domont, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Dreslincourt, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Expeditionary Force for the Dardan-
elles, 156, 324.
Fleet :

Attack on German submarine off
Dieppe, 267.

Losses :

Bouvet, mined in the Dardanelles,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,

138-

Leon Gambetta, torpedoed, 408-9.
Mediterranean Fleet, M. Augagneur

on, 48.
Operations in the Dardanelles, 13-14,

15-

Warship, German submarine shelled

in the Channel, 46.
Government, agreement re payment for

supplies of stores, etc., to Allied

Naval Forces, 503.
Havre, neutral ship from Swansea to,

loaded with 400 gallons of petrol,

178, 179.
La Bruquette aviation ground, French

air raid, 209.

La FSre barracks, French air raid, 209.
Legion of Honour, Commander, Admiral

Guepratte created, 451.
Levallois, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Mantes, Zeppelins fired on from fort,

208.
Minister of Marine, see Augagneur,

Victor.
Naval Authorities, vessels detained and

captured by, 469-70.
Neuilly, Zeppelin raid, 208.
North and West Coasts declared by

Germany a ' war area,' 5-6 ; reply

by British Government, 6-7.
Paris:

Zeppelin raid, 207-8.

Zeppelin raid alarm, 209.
Poissy, Zeppelin raid, 208.

516

France (continued) :

Pont Faverges, aviation ground and

ammunition stores, French air raids,

209.
Prize Court, removed from Bordeaux

to Paris, 294.

Ribecourt, Zeppelin raid, 208.
St. Germain, Zeppelin raid, 208.
Seine-et-Oise, Zeppelins in, 208.
Ships, losses :

Augusts Conseil, torpedoed, 137, 143,

216.

Chateaubriand, sailing ship, tor-
pedoed, 323.

Dinorah, sunk by U 16, 227.
Frederick Frank, torpedoed, 334.
Jean, collier, sunk by Prinz Eitel

Friedrich, 166.

Ville de Lille, sunk by U 16, 227.
Tergnier station, French air raid,

209.
Vailly, French air raid on batteries at,

209.

Villers-Cotterets, air raid, 209.
Frederick Frank, French S.S., sinking of,

by torpedo, 334.
Freiburg, see under Germany.
French, Lieut., Roy. Irish Regt., German

reprisals on, 411.
Fry:

Alfred George, Master of S.S. City of
Cambridge, to be rewarded for con-
duct in attack by submarine, 437.
Maj-Gen. C. I., operations near Shaiba,

I2th April 1915, 335.
Fryatt, Charles, Master of S.S. Brussels,
to be rewarded for conduct in attack by
submarine, 437.
Fuji, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.

Fujimoto, Rear- Admiral Hidesiro, 270.
Fusimi, Japanese gunboat: 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
Fuso, Japanese battleship, 281.

Gaba Tepe, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Gaiel, German warship, at Hawaii, 277.
Gallagher, Log. Seaman Thomas Arthur,

H.M.S. Fox, award of C.G.M., 466.
Gallipoli Peninsula '.

Bulair: 17.

French battleships off, 13, 14, 15.
Bombardment, 20, 108.

Cape Helles, landing at, 400.

Cape Tekeh, landing at, 400.

INDEX

Gallipoli Penisula (continued) :

Fort Napoleon, bombardment by French

ship, 14.
Gaba Tepe (Kaba Tepe) :

Bombardment of positions near, 338.

Landing near, and fighting, 400, 403,
404, 405, 407-8.

Observation stations destroyed, 19.
Hamidieh II. Tabia Fort (L) :

Armament of, 16.

Bombardment, 16, 23.
Kilid-Bahr, bombardment, 19, 128, 129.
Krithia, advance towards, 401.
Landing of troops on, and subsequent

fighting, April, 399-408.
Maidos, bombardment of, 402.
Morto Bay :

Bombardment, 108, 125.

Landing at, 400.
Namazieh Fort (T) :

Armament of, 16.

Bombardment, 16, 129.
Observation station demolished by

H.M.S. Dublin, 15.
Operations, responsibility for, etc.,

question by Mr. Joynson-Hicks, 450.
Rumilieh Medjidieh Tabia Fort (J) :

Armament of, 16.

Bombardment of, 16.

Fire from, 17, 19.
Said (near Kaba Tepe), Turkish oil

depot, destroyed, 19.
Sari Bahr, landing at, and fighting,

400, 401.
Sedd-el-Bahr :

Bombardment, 14, 23, 108, no, 404.

Fighting at, and capture of, 401, 406.

Landing party, 15, 120, 121, 123.
Suandere battery (T), bombardment

and counter fires, 17, 19, 128, 129.
Sultan Fort, bombardment by French

ship, 14.
Galloway, Superintendent, Ipswich Fire

Brigade, 457.

Ganges, H.M.S. , King's visit, 217.
Garlies, Lieut. Lord, Scots Guards, Ger-
man reprisals on, 411.
Garnett, Flight-Lieut., operations at Dar-
danelles, 17-18.

Gaulois, French ship : 14, 17, 19.
Dardanelles operations, in, 115, 116,

117, 118, 119, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130,

137, 138, 141.
Gaza, see under Palestine.
General de Sonis, French barque, 322, 323.

General Steam Navigation Co., of London,
loss of S.S. Leeuwarden, owned byr
210.
George V., H.M. King :

Congratulatory messages on Dardan-
elles operations, 406.
Visits to the Fleet : i, 217.

Message to Admiral Sir John Jellicoe

on return, i.
George, Walter, 2nd ofiicer, Harpalyce,

328.
George Baker, trawler, rescue of survivors

from S.S. Falaba, 255.
Germany :

Aerial navigation, see that title.
Ambassador at Washington, see Bern-

storff, Count.
Blockade of, Order in Council, nth

March 1915, 154-7.
British prisoners in, reprisals on: 310-

n, 396, 410-12, 445.
Debate in House of Commons, 426-34.
Debate in House of Lords, 412-21.
List of officers, 410-12.
Treatment, report by American Am-
bassador at Berlin, 453-4.
Burg, treatment of British prisoners

under reprisals at, 453-4.
Cotton supplies, 384-5.
East Prussia, see that title.
Essen railway and station, French air

raid, 209.

Export trade, Herr Ballin on, 340.
Fleet :

Rt. Hon. H. H. Asquith on, 5.
Baltic operations, 260-5, 334.
Bombardment of Libau, 265.
alleged Cruiser in the North Sea, 398,

409-10.
Losses :

Dresden sunk, 171-7.
Karlsruhe, reported sunk, 203.
at Kiao-Chau, 273.
Magdeburg, 262.
Submarines, in the Baltic, 264.
U 8 sunk in the Channel, 48-9.
U 12 sunk by H.M.S. Ariel, 100.
U 29, 214-16.
Operations off Courland Coast, 206,

207.
Submarines :

Attack on, by French ship off

Dieppe, 267.
in the Baltic, 263-4.
Blockade of Great Britain.

517

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Germany (continued) :
Fleet (continued] :

Submarines (continued) :

Hit by French warship in the

Channel, 46.

Rewards for destruction, 107, 108.
Sinking of, by merchant ships,

claims, 108.

Special treatment of prisoners in
Great Britain, see under Great
Britain.
Use of torpedoes becoming floating

mines, 333.

Warfare, M. Augagneur on, 47-8.
Freiburg (Breisgau) barracks and sta-
tion, French air raid, 209.
Government, protest against British
seizure of S.S. Paklat, and British
reply, 74-7.

Magdeburg, treatment of British pri-
soners under reprisals on, 453-4.
Naval Attache at Washington, see

Boy-Ed, Capt.

Royal Order of the House of Hohen-
zollern, Cross with Swords of Grand
Commander, conferred on Admiral
von Tirpitz, 408.
Shipping, Herr Ballin on, 346.
Ships :

in British ports, use of, 106-7.
Detained or captured by Russian

Naval authorities, 293.
Detained or captured by French

Naval authorities, 469-70.
Detained or captured at sea by

H.M. Armed Forces, 291, 471.
Steamers detained in India, use of, 385.
Staats Zeitung, on sinking of S.S.

Falaba, 236.
Supplies to, through neutral countries,

439-40, 440.

Ultimatum to Belgium, time of pre-
senting, 190.

Ghent, see under Belgium.
Gibson, Capt. H., S.S. Homer, encounter

with submarine, 322-3.
Gillespie, Ch. E.-R. Art. W., awarded

D.S.M., 287.
Gits, see under Belgium.
Glasgow, H.M.S., sinking of the Dresden

by, 171-7.
Gloria, Swedish S.S., seizure by Germans,

189.
Gloucester, H.M.S., chase of the Goeben,

463-4-
518

Glover, Signalman Frank, awarded D.S.M.,

289.
Godfrey, Capt. W. W., mentioned in

despatches, 113.
Godwin, Lieut. Claude, H.M.S. Majestic,

and destruction of E ij, 367.
Goeben, German cruiser : 467.
in the Black Sea, 313.
Chase by H.M.S. Gloucester, 463-4.
Damaged by mines in Bosphorus,3i7.
Goliath, H.M.S., 465, 466.
Goldstone, F. W., M.P., question re R.N.R.

engineering branch, 41.
von der Goltz, Field-Marshal, on Turkish
artillery defending the Dardanelles, 266.
Good Hope, H.M.S., position of widows of

men lost in, 55-6.
Goodwin, Harry, Ipswich, damage to

house in Zeppelin raid, 456-7, 459.
Gopal, inquiry held into loss of, 154.
Gordon, A. C., on Committee re compensa-
tion to seamen for loss of effects, 397-8.
Goschen, Lieut., Grenadier Guards, Ger-
man reprisals on, 411.
Gothland Island, affair between Russian

and German ships, 261.
Gough, Midshipman Harold Brantnall,

H.M.S. Bayano, loss of, 159.
Grace, William B., Co., New York,
Charcas owned by, sunk by Print
Eitel Friedrich, 166.

Grant-Dalton, Capt. Hubert, C.B., pro-
motion to Rear- Admiral, 468.
Grasshopper, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 141.
Graves, Lieut., Roy. Scots, German

reprisals on, 411.
Great Central Railway, S.S. Wrexham

owned by, chased by submarine, 98.
Great Britain and Ireland :
Admiralty :

Communiques to Press, time of issue,

etc., 54, 181-2.
Contractors, German draftsman in

employ of, 36.

Letters of approbation to officers, 467,
Monthly Orders, 294-307, 472-503.
Naval Salvage Money, notice of

intended distribution, 461.
Notices to Mariners :

Caution when approaching British

ports, 317-21.
Closing of ports, 317-21.
Dee River, restriction of navigation,
315.

INDEX

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Admiralty (continued) :

Notices to Mariners (continued) :
Dover Straits, light vessels and
traffic regulations, 213-14,218-19.
Examination service, 318-21.
Humber River, pilotage, 79-80.
North Sea, caution with regard to

mined areas, 32-4.
North Sea, River Thames and
English Channel, lights, light
vessels, and pilotage, 77-9.
North Sea, River Thames, English

Channel, pilotage, 221-3.
Pilotage stations established at
certain ports on account of
defensive mine-fields, 34-5, 325-6,
462-3.

Portland Harbour, restriction of
navigation, caution re target
practice, 220-1, 313-14.
Sweeping operations, 321.
Aerial Navigation, see that title.
Ambassador in U.S.A., see Rice, Rt.

Hon. Sir Cecil Spring.
American Ambassador, see Page, W. H.
Annitsford, Zeppelin raid, 352.
Anti-Aircraft Corps, constitution of,

385-6, 435-
Army :

Optical instruments, supply of glass,

436.
Proficiency pay, non-granting of,

for previous service in Navy,

442.
Relations between Military and Naval

Forces acting together, Army Act

Amendment, 44-5.
Bath, Order of the :

First Class, exclusion of Royal Marine

officers from, speeches in the

House of Lords, 28-32.
Appointments to, 286, 288, 290, 463-4.
Beachy Head :

German submarines off, 211, 216,

268, 312, 315, 344, 376.
Light vessel, 77.
Blyth, Zeppelin over, 351-4.
Board of Trade :

Committee re compensation to sea-
men for loss of effects, 397-8.
Inquiries into Shipping Casualties

abroad, 154.
Insurance of merchant seamen's

effects, 12.

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Bristol Channel, German submarine at

mouth of, 1 88.
British Ships (Transfer Restriction)

Bill, second reading, 81-2.
Bury St. Edmunds, Zeppelin raid,

457-8, 459-60.
Canterbury, German aeroplane over,

Chatham, Naval Detention Barracks,

German submarine prisoners at, and

treatment of, 444-5, 454-5.
Chilean Minister, see Edwards, Agustin.
Choppington, Zeppelin raid, 352, 353.
Clacton-on-Sea, Zeppelin over, 358.
Coastguard ratings :

Promotion, 54-5.

Specially advanced afloat, Admiralty

Order, 489-90.
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal, awards,

289, 466.
Consul-General for Montenegro, see

Parkington, Sir J. Roper.
Contraband, raw cotton and yarns

question, 349-5°. 373-
Cramlington, Zeppelin raid, 354.
Cresswell, S.S. Invergyle torpedoed off,

189.
Customs (War Powers) Bill, second

reading, House of Lords, 178-9.
Deal, German aeroplane over, 361,

362.
Dee River, restriction of navigation,

Defence of the Realm (Consolidation)
Regulations, 1914, amendments, 472-
82.
Defence of the Realm Regulations,

trial for offences against, 475-82.
Devonport :

Deck hands employed on dredging

plant, pay, 390.

Detention Barracks, German sub-
marine prisoners at, 444-5-.
Hopper barges employed in mine-
sweeping, pay, etc., of men, 388.
Naval Stores Department, additional

hired writers, pay, 438-9.
Royal Naval Barracks, position of
civilian pensioners employed at,
446.
Distinguished Service Cross, awards,

225, 287, 288, 291, 465-6.
Distinguished Service Medal, awards,
287, 289, 466-7, 467-8.

519

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Great Britain and Ireland (continued} :
Distinguished Service Order, appoint-
ments to, 287, 377, 464-5.
Dover, Pilot Station, discontinuance,

78.

Downs, The, pilotage, Admiralty
notices, 77-9, 222.

Dudley, Zeppelin raid, 354.

East Coast, Zeppelin raids, 356-61.

Eastern Counties :

Air raid insurance, 460.
Zeppelin raid, 455-60.

Eddystone, German submarine off, 334.

Embassy at Washington, memoran-
dum from U.S.A. Department of
State re the Prinz Eitel Friedrich,
168-9.

Enemy aliens and strikes, 376.

Enemy ships :

Employment and control, 106-7,

394-5-

Freight charges, 43-4, 375-6.
Factories and Workshops :

Particulars of output, D.O.R.A. Regu-
lation, 473.

Taking possession of, and control
by Admiralty or Army Council,
D.O.R.A. Regulation, 473-4.
Faversham, aeroplane raid, 361-2.
Felixstowe, King's visit to the Fleet,

217.

Fishing vessels, number sunk and cap-
tured since beginning of war, weekly
summary, 187, 211.
Fleet:

Alleged hiding of, 409-10.
Bombardment of Zeebrugge, 311.
Losses :

1815-40, list of ships with no

minutes of court-martial, 53-4.
Bayano, torpedoed, 158-60.
E 75, on Kephez Point, 365-8.
Irresistible, mined at Dardanelles,

133, 134. 140. 142.
Niger, 39-40.
Ocean, mined at Dardanelles, 127,

130, 133, 134-
Visits from the King : i, 217.

Message to Admiral Sir John

Jellicoe on return, i.
Forth, Firth of :

Navigation (and pilotage), Admiralty

notice, 462.
Pilotage, Admiralty notices, 34-5,

325.
520

Great Britain and Ireland (continued] :
German submarine blockade :
Mr. Asquith on, 4-8.
British Government's statement, 5-7.
Mr. Bonar Law on, 10-11.
Results, 2ist Jan. — 3rd March 1915,

97-9-

Government, agreement re supplies of
stores, etc., to Allied Naval Forces,

503.
Great Yarmouth, pilotage, Admiralty,

notice, 77-9, 222.
Harwich :

King's visit to the Fleet, 217.

Zeppelin over, 356, 358.
Hastings, German submarine off, 100,

188.

Hebburn, Zeppelin raid, 351, 355.
Henham Hall Hospital, Zeppelin raid,

356, 357. 36o.

Heybridge, Zeppelin raid, 358.
Hopper barges employed in mine sweep-
ing, pay, etc., of the men, 388.
Hospital ships, submarine attacks on,

98, 106.
House of Commons, debates :

Naval Discipline Bill, 56-72, 83-97.

Naval Marriages Bill, 73.

Treatment of submarine prisoners,

422-4, 426-34.
House of Lords, debates :

Naval Discipline Bill, second reading,

143-8.

Naval Marriages Bill, second reading,
51, 148.

Prize Claims Committee, 151-4.

Treatment of submarine prisoners,

412-21.
H umber River, pilotage, Admiralty

notice, 79-80.
Ilfracombe, German submarine off,

49, 1 88.
Inishturk, S.S. Atalanta torpedoed off,

177.

Ipswich, Zeppelin raid, 455-7, 459.
Kent, aeroplane raid, 361-2.
Kerry coast, German submarine off,

461-2.

Killingworth, Zeppelin raid, 352.
Land's End, German submarine off,

228.

Lerwick explosion, 350, 351, 395.
Liverpool, German submarine off, 188.
Lowestoft, Zeppelin raid, 356-60,
Maldon, Zeppelin raid, 358, 360-1.

INDEX

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries, clothing

gratuities, Admiralty Order, 490.
Mercantile Marine :

Board of Trade Committee re com-
pensation to, for loss of effects,
397-8-
Government compensation scheme,

39, 42-3-

Insurance of effects, 12, 39.

Sailors, shortage of, 107.
Merchant Ships, etc. :

Attacks by submarines, loth to i5th
March 1915, 188-9.

Cargo ships, shortage of, and pre-
venting of carrying of goods for
enemy countries in, 52-3.

Detained, captured, or destroyed,

numbers :
1793-1814, 184-5.
up to loth March 1915, 185.

Disasters to, publication of news,
104-5.

List of, whose cargoes or part of
them, have been detained, 292,

293, 470, 471-
Losses :

2ist Jan. to 3rd March 1915, by

torpedoing, 97-9.
Acantha, torpedoed, 315-16.
Adenwen, torpedoed, 215.
A guila, torpedoed, 228, 229.
Andalusian, torpedoed, 210 note.
Atalanta, torpedoed, 177.
Baroda, 154.
Batiscan, 154.

Bengrove, torpedoed, 49, 188.
Blackwood, torpedoed, 100, 188.
Blue Jacket, torpedoed, 211.
Cairntorr, torpedoed, 211.
Clan Stuart, 154.
Concord, torpedoed, 211
Corra Lynn, 154.
Crown of Castille, torpedoed, 268.
Dulwich, sunk by U 16, 227.
Emma, S.S., torpedoed, 268.
Falaba, 164, 168, 228-9, 229, 25°-
Fingal, torpedoed, 177, 210 note.
Five steamers, torpedoed, 170-1.
Flaminian, S.S., torpedoed, 268.
Florazan, torpedoed, 210 note.
Gopal, 154.
Guadeloupe, sunk by Kronprinz

Wilhelm, 143.
Hartdale, torpedoed, 210 note.

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Merchant Ships, etc. (continued) :
Losses (continued) :

Headlands, torpedoed, 210 note.
Indian City, torpedoed, 189, 210

note.
Inquiries into casualties abroad,

154-

Invergyle, torpedoed, 189, 210 note.
Kildalton, sunk by Prinz Eitel

Friedrich, 166.
La Correntina, 436.
Leeuwarden, S.S., sunk by sub-
marine, 210.

Lockwood, torpedoed, 312.
Muriel, 154.
Norfolk, 154.

Northlands, torpedoed, 315.
Olivine, torpedoed, 315.
Oriole, torpedoed, 422.
President, 334.
Princess Victoria, torpedoed, 100,

182, 188.

Seven Seas, torpedoed, 312.
Southport, torpedoed, 267.
Steam trawlers, torpedoed, 312.
by Submarines, outside North Sea,

numbers for Feb.-April, 446.
Tangistan, torpedoed, 100, 188.
Vanilla, trawler, torpedoed, 369-70.
Vosges, 224-6.

Weekly summaries, 185-6, 210, 188.
Submarine attacks, information not

to be given as to numbers, 376.
Torpedoed, confiscation of German
and Austrian ships for, question
of, 393-

in War service, rates, 378-80.
Middlesbrough, Swedish S.S. Sir Ernest

Cassel, taken into, 348-9.
Milford Haven, inquest on bodies re-
covered from S.S. Falaba, 238.
Moray Firth, pilots, Admiralty notices,

35. 325, 462-3.
Naval Attache, Japan, see Brand,

Capt. Hubert G.
Naval Discipline Bill :

Second reading, debate in House of
Commons, 56-72.

in Committee, 83-97.

Second reading in House of Lords,

I43-8-
Naval Marriages Bill :

Second reading, House of Commons,
• 73-

521

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :

Naval Marriages Bill (continued) :

Second reading, House of Lords,
148-51.

Naval Prize Bounty Money, Order in
Council; 24-5.

Newcastle, Zeppelin near, 354-5.

Newhaven, German submarine off, 211.

North-East Coast, Zeppelin raid, 351-5.

North Shields, survivors from S.S.
Fingal landed at, 177.

Northumberland Coast, German sub-
marine off, 177.

Office of Works Staff in Anti-Aircraft
zone, 385-6.

Orders in Council :

Blockade of Germany, nth March

1915, 154-7-

Dental surgeons in R.N.V.R., 26-7.

Motor service in the Navy, pay, 452-3.

Naval Intelligence officer, Jamaica,
special pay, 451-2.

Probationary Sub-Lieutenants, Royal
Marines, pay, 212-13.

Royal Marines, temporary officers'
pay, 160-1.

Sick berth staff, Shotley, allowances,

161-2.
Osborne College, sickness at, and steps

taken, 2-3.
Patriotism of workers, etc., Rt. Honr

H. H. Asquith on, and appeal to, 8-9.
Pembroke, sinking of S.S. Aguila off,

228.
Pigeons caught at sea, rewards for

bringing in, Admiralty Order, 294.
Pilotage certificates, holding of, by

aliens, debate in House of Lords,

101-3.
Pilots killed or injured by mines, etc.,

position re compencation, 50-1.
Portland Harbour, restriction of navi-
gation, caution re target practice,

Admiralty notices, 220-1, 313-14.
Portsmouth, German submarine off,

334-
Prisoners of war, accommodation in

steamships, 43, 182-4, 392'3-
Prize Claims Committee :

House of Lords debate, 151-4.
Questions and answers in the House

re, 448-50.
Prize Courts :

Ships whose cargoes, or part of them,
have been detained, 292, 293, 470-1.
522

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Prize Courts (continued) :

Vessels detained, or captured at sea
by H.M. Armed Forces, 291, 294,
470, 471.
Prize money, House of Lords' debate,

I5I~4-

Promotions, appointments, honours and
rewards, 286-91, 463-9.

Proposal to, by U.S.A. under con-
sideration, 7.

Residence in particular locality,
D.O.R.A. Regulations, 474.

Responsibility for war, Herr Ballin onr

339-

Rosyth, payment of joiners, 438.
Royal Dockyards :

Blockmakers' wages, 381.

Bricklayers' wages, 381-2.

Civilian pensioners, 446.

Deck hands employed on dredging
plant, pay, 390.

Increased pay, payment of arrears,

424-5-
Masons and bricklayers, non-increase

of rates to, 38.
Pay and privileges, 381.
Pensioners, bonus question, 386-7.
Railway passes for men employed
away from homes for three .months,
381, 388-9.

Subsistence allowance to men work-
ing outside home yards, 382.
Timekeepers' pay, 437-8.
Yard-craft men, position of, 446-7.
Royal Fleet Reserve, war retainers,

296-7.
Royal Marine Brigade, Commissions,

191.
Royal Marines :

Band ranks and buglers, efficiency

and musical proficiency allowances

and fire control, Admiralty Order,

488-9.

Detention after expiry of period of

service, position, 40.
Officers :

Exclusion from First Class of
Order of the Bath, speeches in
the House of Lords re, 28-32.
Income tax, 302-3.
Position of, the Earl of Selborne on,

31-2.

Unemployment, motion in House
of Lords re withdrawal, 370-3.

INDEX

Great Britain and Ireland (continued] :
Royal Marines (continued) :

Probationary or temporary second
lieutenants, increase of pay, Admir-
alty Orders, 482-3.
Probationary sub-lieutenants, pay,

Order in Council, 212-13.
Temporary officers, pay, Order in

Council, 1 60- 1.

Royal Naval Division :

Appointments, 286.

Commissions, 191.

Marine Brigade, operations at Dar-
danelles, 15.
Royal Naval Ordnance Establishments,

commissions to men in, 38.
Royal Naval Reserve :

Acting and temporary officers, rela-
tive rank, 296.

Allotments and Separation Allow-
ance of men undergoing detention
or in debt, Admiralty Order, 491.
Bonus, 2.
Engineer officers, non-calling up for

service in Royal Navy, 36-7.
Engineering branch, employment in

H.M. ships, 41.

Engineering staff, conditions of ser-
vice, dissatisfaction question, 41-2.
Non-substantive ratings, payment,

297.
Officers :

in Auxiliary Patrol Service, navi-
gating allowance, Admiralty
Order, 483-4.
Decoration, 291.

Examination for Mercantile Marine
Certificates whilst on active
Service, Admiralty Order, 484.
Income tax, 302-3.
Present time in active service as
qualifying for annual retainer,

5i-
Regulations (Officers) amendments,

305-6.

Retainer, 42.
Skippers :

Allowances when embarked in
torpedo craft, 296.

Clothing, 296.

Signal boys, drafting of, 299.
Sub-Lieutenants and midshipmen,

promotion, Admiralty Order, 484-8.
Temporary commissions, 286, 290,

291, 468, 469.

Great Britain and Ireland (continued] :
Royal Naval Reserve (continued] :
Trawler Section :
Kit, 297.
Local enrolment to fill vacancies^

297-9.

Men lent to, Admiralty Order, 489.
Regulations, amendments :
Clothing allowance, 306-7.
Clothing gratuity, 306.
War retainer, 296-7.
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve :
Dental Surgeons in :

Establishment of rank, Order in

Council, 26-7.

Uniform, Admiralty order, 488.
Non-substantive ratings, payment,

297.

Officers' income tax, 302-3.
Surgeon-Probationers, examination

leave, 296.
Surgeons, promotion to staff surgeon,

qualification, 296.
Royal Navy :
Allotments :

of Men undergoing detention, or in

debt, Admiralty Order, 490-1.
Weekly payment of, Admiralty

Order, 491-7.

Armed merchant cruisers, seaworthi-
ness, 40-1 .

Auxiliary S. B. Reserve, promotion
to Senior Reserve Attendant, quali-
fications, etc., 299.
Bodies of deceased warrant officers
and men, free conveyance, Ad-
miralty Order, 499-500.
Caning, amendment to Regulations,

5<M-

Casualties, from commencement of
war to 3ist March 1915, 393-4, 448.

Corporal punishment, debate on clause
in Naval Discipline Bill, 95-7.

Courts-martial, place for holding,
debates on Clause 8 of Naval
Discipline Bill, 62-3 69-70, 72,
86-8, 145.

Discipline on hired ships in time of
war, debates on Clause 14 of Naval
Discipline BUI, 66-7, 88:9, 146.

Dismissal in addition to imprison-
ment, debates on Clause 6 of Naval
Discipline Bill, 61-2, 85-6.

Emergency engineering duties, Order
in Council, 25-6.

5*3

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Royal Navy (continued) :

Engineer-lieutenants, pay, 36.
Engineering, specialisation in, Ad-
miralty Order, 482.
Funeral arrangements in cases of

doubtful identity, 302.
Illegitimate children, stoppages for

support of, question of, 377-8.
Lieutenants, promotion of mates to,

Admiralty Order, 483.
Lieutenants (E), appointment and

qualification as during the war, 295 .
Lieutenants-Commander :

Position of, 387-8.

on the Supplementary List, pay,

294-5-

Meat supplies, 450-1.
Medical consultants, 425.
Medical officers :

Re-employed, pay, 378.

Reserve of, equipment allowance,

295-

Mercantile Fleet Auxiliaries :
Calculation of wages, 299-300.
Store allowances, 300-1.

Motor services, pay, 452-3.

Offences punishable under the Naval
Discipline Bill, debates on Clause 3,
60, 69, 84-5.

Officers :

Income tax, 302-3.

Mess stock, insurance, Admiralty

Order, 500-2.
Retired, war service and pensions,

105-6.
Shore appointments, 105.

Optical instruments, supply of glass,
435-6-

Payment for supplies of stores, etc.,
to Allied Naval Forces, Admiralty
Order, 503.

Petty officers, advancement to, with-
out educational test, Admiralty
Order, 488.

Prisoners of war on H.M. ships,
messing allowances, 305.

Prize bounties, 24-5, 180.

Prize money, 104, 378.

Punishment for absence without
leave, Naval Discipline Bill, 60,
84, 144.

Punishment for striking, etc., supe-
rior officer, debates on Naval Dis-
cipline Bill, 56-60, 68, 83-4, 86, 143.

.524

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Royal Navy (continued) :

Promotions, 289-90, 290, 377, 469.
Railway warrants :

Admiralty Order, 498.

Authorised forms, 301.

Leave in lieu of Christmas leave,
302.

for Seamen in cases of sickness,

etc., at home, 302.
Recommendations for advancement

and special advancement (Admir-
alty Order), 305.
Relations between Military and Naval

Forces acting together, Army Act

Amendment, 44-5 .
Religious ministrations, basis of pay-
ment, 301.
Retired captains, employed during

war, promotion on retired list, 350.
Revival of parts of Naval Discipline

Act, debates on Clause 15 of Naval

Discipline Bill, 67, 70-1, 89-93, I^>

147, 148.

Rum consumption, 380.
Separation allowance :

Increase of rates for children,
301-2.

Increases, Admiralty announce-
ment, 157-8.

of Men undergoing detention, or in

debt, Admiralty Order, 490-1.
Ship's Fund, instructions re, 303-5.
Sick berth staff, Shotley, allowances,

Order in Council, 161-2.
Special Intelligence Officer, Jamaica,

special pay for, 451-2.
Stoker ratings :

Position re promotion, 389.

Promotion to warrant rank, 37.
Submarines, extra war emergency

comforts for, Admiralty Order,

502-3.

Supplementary lieutenants joined in
1895 and 1898, position of, 387.

Support to France, time of convey-
ing decision, 190.

Temporary chaplains, messing allow-
ance, 295.

Trawlers, allowance for charge of
stores in, 300.

Trawlers and drifters, travelling facili-
ties when proceeding on leave, Ad-
miralty Order, 499.

Uniform, Admiralty Order, 488.

INDEX

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) :
Royal Navy (continued) :
Warrant Officers :
Pay, 390-1.
Separation Allowance question,

38-9, 390-1.

Widows of men dying between 4th

Aug. and 2ist Sept., position of, 55.

Widows of men lost in H.M.S. Good

Hope, position of, 55-6.
Writers, position of, 440-2.
St. Helens (I.W.) pilot station, dis-
continuance, 78.

Saint Michael and Saint George, Order

of, Hon. Knights Grand Cross, 468-9.

Scapa Flow, navigation and pilotage,

Admiralty notices, 35, 325, 463.
Scarborough, German submarine off , 1 88 .
Scottish estuaries, position re yachting,

etc., in, 447-8.

Sheerness, German aeroplane over, 361 .
Sheppey, Isle of, German aeroplane

over, 361.

Shields, German submarine off, 312.
Ships at Newport News, detention,

164-5.
Shipping to Holland, stopping of, 396-7,

412.
Shotley :

Naval barracks, King's visit, 217.
Sick berth staff, allowances, Order in

Council, 161-2.

Sittingbourne, aeroplane raid, 362.
Southwold, Zeppelin raid, 356-60.
Start Point, German submarines off,

143. 312.

Submarine prisoners in, special treat-
ment of :

Admiralty announcement, 99.
American report, 454-5.
Debates in House of Commons,

422-4, 426-34.

Debate in House of Lords, 412-21.
Exchange of notes with German

Government, 308-10.
Questions and answers in the House

• ™, 444-5-
Reprisals, see British prisoners in,

under Germany.
Swansea, shipment of petrol at, by

neutral ship, 178, 179, 189-90.
Thames River :

Admiralty notice, 79.
Pilotage, Admiralty notices, 77-78,
222-3.

Great Britain and Ireland (continued) \
Trade and manufacture, burden on

employers and employed, Rt. Hon.

H. H. Asquith on, 8.
Transmission of letters, etc., except by

post, D.O.R.A. Regulation, 475.
Transmission of letters, etc., in invisible

ink, D.O.R.A. Regulation, 475.
Travellers to Holland, regulations for,

23-4-

Trawlers (H.M.) :
Allowances, etc., 42.
Coxswains, food supplies, 42.
Requisitioning of, for mine-sweeping,

Trinity House pilot stations, 78.
Tyne River, examination service ves-
sels, original cost, rates of hire, etc.,

383.

U.S.A. proposal to, under considera-
tion, 7.

Unoccupied premises, taking posses-
sion of, by Admiralty or Army
Council, D.O.R.A. Regulation, 473.
Victoria Cross, award, 464.
Wallsend, Zeppelin raid, 351-5.
War Department vessels, wages of

crews, 382-3.

Wells, Zeppelin over, 358.
Wireless telegraphy, D.O.R.A. Regula-
tion, 474-5.

Wrentham, Zeppelin raid, 357, 360.
Great Emperor, trawler, employment in

Tyne examination service, 383.
Great Yarmouth, see under Great Bri-
tain.
Greece :

Kalammuti Bay, destruction of the

Timur Hissar in, 364-5.
Mitylene, telegraph stations, etc., near,
destruction by H.M.S. Sapphire, 123.
Ships :

List of, whose cargoes, or part of
them, have been detained, 292,
472.
Losses :

Ellispontos, torpedoing of, 362-4.
Takssiara, S.S., 50.
Green :

Eng.-Comdr. D. P., H.M.S. Lion, pro-
motion to Engineer-Captain, 377.
Sir F., at presentation to captain of

S.S. Thordis, 332.

Third Writer H. C., awarded D.S.M.,
288.

525

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

dreen (continued) :

Capt. John Richard, R.N.R., D.S.O.,

S.S. Vosges.

Escape from submarine, 223-6.
Granted commission as Lieutenant,
R.N.R., and awarded D.S.O., 225.
Rewarded for conduct in attack by

submarine, 437.
Grenfell, Lord, on treatment of prisoners,

4M-I5-
<Jrey :

Rt. Hon. Sir Edward, M.P., Secretary

of State for Foreign Affairs :
Notes exchanged with Chilean Minis-
ter re sinking of the Dresden, 173-7.
Replies to questions in the House :

Armed German cruisers' repairs
in neutral ports, 384.

Copra cargoes and international
trade, 374-5.

Cotton, non-declaration as contra-
band, 350, 373.

Cotton supplies to Germany and
Austria, 384-5.

France, British Naval support,
time of conveying decision, 190.

Reprisals on prisoners in Germany,
421.

Supplies to Germany, 440.

Treatment of prisoners by Turks,

443-4-
Reply to German note re seizure of

S.S. Paklat, 75-7.
Responsibility for war, Herr Ballin on,

339-

Capt. Robin, R.F.C., German reprisals

on, 410.

Griffin, A.B. H. F., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Grogan, Rear- Admiral (ret.) William John,

appointment as temp. Captain, R.N.R.,

286.
Guadeloupe, S.S., sunk by the Kronprinz

Wilhelm, 143.
Guepratte, Centre- Amiral E. P. A. : 140.

Created Commander, Legion of Honour,

451-
at the Dardanelles, 13-14, 113, 115, 128,

129.
Gulflight, American S.S., Germany to

pay indemnity for damage to, 443.
Gurkha, H.M.S., U 8 destroyed by, 49.

Haggard, Lieut. Geoffrey Arthur Gordon,

A.E 2, taken prisoner by Turks, 455.
526

Hague Convention :

Art. i, German breach of, 333.

Art. 4, alleged violation of, by seizure
of German S.S. Paklat, and British
reply, 74-7.

Great Britain not to repudiate, 82 .
Haldane, Viscount, K.T., on Naval Dis-
cipline Bill, 85, 147-8.
Hamakaze, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Hamidieh, Turkish cruiser injured by

mine in the Bosphorus, 317.
Hamidieh Forts, see under Gallipoli Penin-
sula and Turkey-in-Asia.
Hamilton :

Sir Ian :

Gallipoli operations under, 399.
Message from the King, 406.

Lieut., Gordon Highrs., German re-
prisals on, 411.

Mr., Collector, Newport News, 165.
Hanna, Swedish S,S., torpedoed, 210.
Hansen, Lieut.-Comdr. Glaus, U 16, in-
terview with, 227-8.
Harbury, S.S., copra cargo, 373-4.
Harcourt, Rt. Hon. L., on enemy

steamers interned on West Coast of

Africa, 185.
Hardinge, H.M.S., 466.
Hardy, Stkr. P.O. T. WM awarded D.S.M.,

287.

Harpalion, S.S., 328.
Harpalyce, Belgian relief ship, sinking

of, by submarine, 326-9.
Harris, Lord, 362.
Harrison :

Gunner Richard, H.M.S. Bayano, loss
of, 159-

Quartermaster, S.S. Falaba, account of

sinking of ship, 232.
Harrison, J. and C. (Ltd.), sinking of the

Harpalyce, owned by, 326-9.
Hartdale, S.S. :

Sunk by torpedo, 189, 210 note.

Testimony to conduct in attack by

submarine, 437.

Harwich, see under Great Britain.
Hasidate, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.
Hastie, E., and Sons, North Shields, S.S.

Alex. Hastie, owned by, approached by

submarine, 98.

Hastings, see under Great Britain.
Hatana, Japanese battle cruiser, 281.
Havre, see under France.
Hawaii, German ships at, 277.

INDEX

Hawke, H.M.S., 215.

Hay, Lieut. Ivan, 5th Lancers, German
reprisals on, 411.

Hazlemoor, Runciman line, S.S., grain
cargo, destination, 439-40.

Headlands, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 188,
210 note.

Healy, T. M., M.P. :

on Naval Discipline Bill, 63, 70-2, 85,

87, 89-92, 94.
on Statute Law Revision, 70-1, 89-92.

Hearn, Lieut.-Comdr., Assessor at investi-
gation into loss of the S.S. Falaba,

245-

Hebburn, see under Great Britain.
Heibeli Ada, Turkish ship, sunk by

Russians, 50.

Heindal, Swedish S.S., 189.
Heligoland Bight, British submarines in,

and alleged loss of one, 369.
Helm, Rear- Admiral, U.S. ship Alabama,

1 66.

Helmuth, H.M.S., at Dar-es-Salaam, 466.
Henham Hall, see under Great Britain.
Henri IV., French ship, sent to the

Dardanelles, 128, 129.
Heriot, Major G. M., D.S.O., H.M.S.

Vengeance, mentioned in despatches,

in.

Herland, Capt., S.S. Gushing, 443.
Hermes, Russian sailing ship, sinking of,

by torpedo, 315.

Hey bridge, see under Great Britain.
Hickman, Lieut., 4th Roy. Irish Dragoons,

German reprisals on, 411.
Hill:

Ch. E.-R. Art. 2nd Cl. John George,
awarded D.S.M., 289.

Eng.- Lieut.-Comdr., H.M.S. Laertes,

noted for early promotion, 377.
Hinds, J., M.P., question re S.S. Clan

Macnaughton, life-saving apparatus,

41.

Hinoki, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Hirado, Japanese cruiser : 270, 282.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.

in the South Seas, 276.
Hiyei, Japanese battle cruiser : 281.

in the Pacific, 276.
Hizen, Japanese ship, on western coast

of America, 277, 281.
Hoboken, see under Belgium.
Hogge, J. M., B|.P., question re consump-
tion of rum in the Navy, 380.
Hogue, H.M.S., 215.

Holland :

Flushing, German S.S. Main at :

Departure to Antwerp, 348.

Secret wireless installation on, 347-8.
Ports, German action against naviga-
tion to and from, traffic not affected

by, 201.
Shipping to Great Britain, stopping of,

396-7, 412.
Ships:

Detained or captured by French
Naval authorities, 469-70.

Detained by H.M. Armed Forces,

-47°-
Ships :

List of, whose cargoes, or part of
them, have been detained, 292,
476, 472.
Losses :

Amstel, S.S., mined, 229.
Katwyk, torpedoed, 342-7.
Medea, S.S., sunk by submarine,

216, 343, 344.
Schieland, torpedoed, 344.
Seizure by Germans, 198-202.
Terneuzen, passengers of Dutch ship

Batavier V. taken to, 199.
Travellers to, from Great Britain,

regulations for, 23-4.

Holt, R. D., M.P., question re disasters to
trading vessels, publication of news,
104-5.

Homer, steam tug, encounter with sub-
marine, 322-3.
Hood, Rear- Admiral the Hon. Horace,

report re sinking of the U 8, 49.
Hope, Capt. George Price Webley, ap-
pointment as Naval Aide-de-Camp to
H.M. the King, 290.
Hopper, Police-Constable, 362.
Horwood, Henry, ist Engineer, Harpa-
lyce, escape through skylight, 327,
328.

Hose, Comdr. Walter, Rainbow, attached
to Japanese squadron on western coasts
of America, 277.
Houldsworth, Lieut., Gordon Highrs.,

German reprisals on, 411.
Hoult, Messrs. Joseph, and Co., S.S. Ben-
grove owned by, torpedoed off Ilfra-
combe, 49.
House of Commons, see under Great

Britain.

House of Lords, see under Great Bri-
tain.

527

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Houston, R. P., M.P., questions in House:

Employment and control of enemy
ships, 394-5.

S.S. Van Dyke, 184.
Huddy, Lieut. John, H.M.S. Bayano, loss

of, 158.
Hughes, Ch. E.-R. Art. 1st Cl. E. R.,

awarded D.S.M., 287.
Hull and Netherlands Steamship Co., Hull,

S.S. Kirkham Abbey owned by, chased

by submarine, 98.

Humber River, see under Great Britain.
Humble, Engineer Edward Wm. George,

H.M.S. Bayano, loss of, 159.
Hungarian Prince, S.S., German sub-
marine attempted attack on, 98.
Hutchison, Sick Berth Attdt. C. S., awarded

D.S.M., 288.
Hutchison, Messrs. J. and P., Glasgow,

S.S. Atalanta owned by, torpedoed, 177.
Hylton, Lord, on treatment of prisoners,

416-17.
Hyndford, S.S., torpedoing of, off Beachy

Head, 210.
Hyuhga, Japanese battleship, 283.

Ibuki, Japanese battle cruiser: 281.
Convoying of Dominion transports in

the Indian Ocean, by, 274.
Ikoma, Japanese battle cruiser : 281.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.
Hfracombe, see under Great Britain.
Implacable, H.M.S., sent to Dardanelles,

126, 129.
Inchcape, Lord, Chairman P. and O. Co.

and British India Co. :
at Presentation to captain of S.S.

Thordis, 332-3.
Settlement of rates of hire for merchant

ships in war service, 380.
Indefatigable, H.M.S. , Dardanelles opera-
tions, no.
India, enemy ships in employment, 385,

395-

Indian City, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 188-9,
210, note.

Indian Ocean, Japanese Navy in, 274.

Indomitable, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, no.

Indus, position of civilian pensioners
employed in, 446-7.

Inflexible, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 15-16, 16, in, 115, 116, 117, 1 1 8, |
126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, |
138, 139, 141, 143.

528

Inglefield, Admiral Sir F. S., K.C.B.,

Assessor at investigation into loss of

the S.S. Falaba, 245.
Inglefield, Rear- Admiral E. F., at presen-
tation to captain of S.S. Thordis,

332.
Inishturk, see under Great Britain and

Ireland.
Instow Steamship Co. (Ltd.) (Messrs,

W. R. Smith and Sons), Cardiff, S.S.

Indian City owned by, torpedoed,

188-9.
International Trade, copra for Italy,

373-5-
Invergyle, S.S., sunk by torpedo, 189,

210 note.
Inzhener, Russian ship, submarine attack

on, in the Baltic, 264.
Ipswich, see under Great Britain.
Irish Channel, S.S. Hartdale torpedoed in,

189.
Irresistible, H.M.S. :

Dardanelles operations, 4, 15, 16, 21,
in, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
124, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134,

139-
Sinking of, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134,

140, 142.

Irwin, Richard, and Sons, Ltd., employ-
ment of trawler owned by, in Tyne
examination service, 383.
Ise, Japanese battleship, 283.
Isle of Wight, German submarine off,

3i5-
Islington, Lord, Under-Secretary of State

for the Colonies :
on British Ships (Transfer Restriction)

Bill, 81-2.
on Pilotage certificates and aliens, 102,

103.

Isokaze, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Issa Reis, Turkish gunboat, sunk by

mine in the Bosphorus, 317.
Italy:

Copra for, proceedings re, 373-5.

Ship whose cargo, or part of it, has been

detained, 472.
Supplies to Germany through, question

of, 439-40* 44° •
Itsukusima, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.
Ivernia, accommodation of prisoners in,

183, 392-3-

Iwami, Japanese coast defence boat : 282,
Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.

INDEX

Iwate, Japanese cruiser: 281.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.

in the Pacific and South Seas, 276.

on Western Coast of America, 277.
Izumo, Japanese cruiser: 281.

Sent to Mexico, 1913, 277.

on Western Coast of America, 277.

Jacques Cceur, French barque, crew of
British steamer sunk by submarine,
taken on board by, 170-1.
von Jagow, Herr : 168.

on Sinking of S.S. Falaba, 242-3.
Jamaica, Naval Intelligence Officer, spe-
cial pay for, 451-2.
James :

Ch. Stkr. J. E., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Ch. Stkr. W. E., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Japan :

Government, agreement re payment for
supplies of stores, etc., to Allied
Naval Forces, 503.
National policy of, 269.
Naval attache to British Embassy, see

Brand, Capt. Hubert G.
Naval stations and ports, 279.
Navy :

Account of, and of activities during

war, 269-85.

Action at Kiao-Chau, 270-3.
Civil officials, numbers on ist April,

196, 284.
Convoying of Dominion transports

by, 274.
Developments during past six years,

278-80.
in the Eastern and China Seas,

273-
Expenditure from ist April 1909 to

3ist March 1917, 285.
in the Indian Ocean, 274.
Losses :

Chohmoh-Maru III., S.S., at Kiao-
Chau, 272-3.

Chohmoh-Maru VI., S.S., at Kiao-
Chau, 272-3.
at Kiao-Chau, 272-3.
Kohyoh-Maru, at Kiao-Chau, 273.
Sirataye, at Kiao-Chau, 272.
Takachiho, cruiser, at Kiao-Chau,

272.

Map showing area of activities, 275.
Officers and non-commissioned offi-
cers, numbers on ist Jan. 1916,
284.
NAVAL 4

Japan (continued) :
Navy (continued) :

in the Pacific and South Seas, 274,

276.

Strength of, April 1916, 279.
Warship construction, 279-80.
on the West Coast of America, 277-8.
Jardine, Sir John, on Naval Discipline

Bill, 63.

Jaureguiberry, French battleship, Dar-
danelles operations, 19, 130.
Jean, French collier, sunk by Prinz Eitel

Friedrich, 166.
Jeanne d'Arc, French cruiser, Dardanelles

operations, 405.
Jed, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations, 120,

134, 140, 141, 142.
Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John Rushworth,

G.C.B., K.C.V.O. :
Message from the King on return from

visit to the Grand Fleet, I .
Promotion to Admiral, 289.
Jerram, Vice- Admiral Thomas H. Martyn,
Commander-in-Chief of the British
Eastern Fleet, 273, 274.
Joachim, Prince, with troops liberating

Memel, 207.
Johanson, Chief Officer, Harpalyce, loss

of, 327-8.
John, E. T., M.P., question re British

casualties, 393.

John Dry Steam Tugs, Ltd., employment
of trawler owned by, in Tyne examina-
ation service, 383.
Johnson :

Capt. Charles Duncan, M.V.O. :

Admiralty letter of approbation to,

467.

Sinking of the U8 by flotilla under, 49.
Raymond, M.B., F.R.C.S., naval medi-
cal consultant, 425.

Johnson, Messrs., Bury St. Edmunds,
damage to shop in Zeppelin raid, 460.
JolifTe, Lieut., Scots Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
Jones :

Stoker P.O. Arthur, H.M. launch Miner,

award of C.G.M., 466.
Sen. Engineer Charles, H.M.S. Bayano,

loss of, 159.

Jones, Messrs. W. and C. T., Steamship
Co. (Ltd.), Cardiff, S.S. Adenwen,
owned by, torpedoed, 188.
Joyce, M., M.P., question re pilots,
compensation, 50-1.

2 L 529

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Joynson-Hicks, W., M.P., questions in the

House :

Casualties, 448.
Operations in Turkey, 450.
Special treatment of submarine pri-
soners, 445.

Juan Fernandez Island, sinking of the
Dresden near, 171-3, 173-7-

Jump, Capt., ist Dragoons, German re-
prisals on, 410.

Kaba Tepe, see Gaba Tepe under Gallipoli.
Kaiserin Elisabeth, loss of, at Kiao-

Chau, 273.

Kalammuti Bay, see under Greece.
Kalibia, S.S., chase by German sub-
marine, 98.
Kamimura :

Vice-Admiral Kakuichi, Commander

of Third Japanese Squadron, 273.
Rear-Admiral Ohsuke, operations at

Kiao-Chau, 271, 272.
Kamio, Lieut.-Gen. Mitsuomi, appoint-
ment as Hon. K.C.M.G., 469.
Kangaroo, H.M.S. :
U 8 hunted by, 49.
Wreck of, 1829, 53-4.
Kanzaki, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.
Karlsruhe : 436.

Reported sinking of, 203.
Karun River, see under Mesopotamia.
Kasagi, Japanese cruiser, 270, 281.
Kasi, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Kasima, Japanese battleship, 281.
Kasuga, Japanese cruiser, 281.
Kato:

Capt. Kwanji, Ibuki, in the Indian

Ocean, 274.
Vice-Admiral Sadakichi :

Appointment as Hon. K.C.M.G.,

469.
Commanding Second Japanese Fleet,

270-1.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271-2.
Vice-Admiral Tomosaburoh, Comman-
der-in-Chief, First Japanese Fleet,
270.

Katori, Japanese battleship, 281.
Katwyk, Dutch ship, sinking of, by

submarine, 342-7.
Kavak River, see under Turkey.
Kawachi, Japanese battleship, 270, 281.
Kearley, Officers' Steward 3rd Cl. P. W.,
awarded D.S.M., 288.

530

Keating, Ch. Stkr. J., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Kellaway, P. G., M.P., question re

British ships sunk by German sub-
marines, 446.
Kelly, Capt. William Archibald Howard,

H.M.S. Gloucester, created Companion,

Order of the Bath, 463-4.
Kemmett, P.O. J. W., awarded D.S.M.,

287.

Kennedy, Admiral Sir William, on treat-
ment of submarine prisoners, 417.
Kennet, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

120, 134, 141, 142.
Kent, see under Great Britain.
Kent, H.M.S. : 288.

Sinking of the Dresden by, 171-7, 288.
Kephez, see under Dardanelles and Turkey-

in-Asia.
Keppel :

Vice-Admiral Sir Colin, in attendance
during King's visit to the Fleet, i,
217.

Lieut., Coldstream Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
Kerry Coast, see under Great Britain and

Ireland.
Kershaw, Flight-Lieut., at the Dardanelles,

18.
Keyes, Commodore Roger J. B., C.B.,

M.V.O., mentioned in despatches, 113,

134-

Kiao-Chau, see under China.
Kildalton, sunk by Prinz Eitel Friedrich,

166.

Kilid-Bahr, see under Gallipoli.
Kilimli, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Killingworth, see under Great Britain.
King, J., M.P., on treatment of prisoners,

434-

King-Hall, Rear-Admiral Herbert Goode-
nough, C.V.O., C.B., D.S.O., promotion
to Vice-Admiral, 289.
Kinloch-Cooke, Sir C., M.P., questions in

the House :
Announcement of news by Admiralty,

182.

Hopper barges employed in mine-
sweeping, pay, etc., of men, 388.
La Correntina, S.S., sinking of, 436.
Lieutenants-Commander, position of,

387-
Retired naval officers, war service and

pensions, 105-6.
Royal Dockyards:

Concessions, etc., to men in, 38.

INDEX

Kinloch-Cooke, Sir C., M.P. (continued) :
Royal Dockyards (continued] :
Civilian pensioners, 446.
Pay of deck hands on dredging plant,

390.

Pay of timekeepers, 437-8.
Pensioners, bonus, 390.
Yard-craft men, 446-7.
Royal Marines detained after expiry

of period of service, 40.
Separation allowances, warrant offi-
cers, 38.

Shipwrights' leave, 388.
Stoker ratings, 37, 389.
Supplementary lieutenants, pensions

and promotion, 387.
Warrant officers, pay and separation

allowances, 390-1.
Xirby:

Admiral (ret.) Francis George, appoint-
ment as temp. Captain, R.N.R., 291.
Petty-Officer John, R.F.R., wounded

in Dardanelles, 13.

Kirisima, Japanese battle cruiser, 281.
Kirkham Abbey, S.S., chased by German

submarine, 98.
Knight, P.O. 1st Cl. Henry Ernest, award

of D.S.M., 467.
Kohyoh-Maru, Japanese ship, loss of, at

Kiao-Chau, 273.
Komahasi, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.
Kongo, Japanese battle cruiser : 281.

in the Pacific, 276.
Kozlu, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Krithia, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Kronprinz Wilhelm: 167, 192, 384, 426.
S.S. Guadeloupe, sunk by, 137, 143.
at Newport News, 329-31.
von Kiihlmann, Baron, German Minister
at The Hague, certificate given captain
of Belgian relief ship Harpalyce, 328-9.
Kum Kale, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Kurama, Japanese battle cruiser : 282.

in the Pacific and South Seas, 276.
Kurna, see under Mesopotamia.
Kuyper, Capt., S.S. Constance Catherine,
rescue of survivors from the Harpalyce,
328.

L 8, Zeppelin :

Damaged while descending at Tirle-
mont, and some of crew killed, 46-7.
Reported to have been brought down
by French and English airmen, 47.

La Bruquette, see under France.

La Correntina, S.S., sinking of, 436.

La Fere, see under France.

Lady Crundall, Dover tug, 322.

Lady Plymouth, S.S., 229.

Laertes, S.S., German submarine attack,
on, 98, 437.

Lake, Lieut.-Gen. P., Chief of the General
Staff, letter submitting despatch from
Gen. Sir J. E. Nixon, K.C.B., on opera-
tions in Mesopotamia, 335.

Lake Manitoba, S.S., accommodation of
prisoners in, 183, 392-3.

Lambert, George, Civil Lord of the Ad-
miralty, on Naval Marriages Bill, 73.

Land's End, see under Great Britain.

Langlands, Messrs. M., and Sons, Glasgow,
S.S. Princess Victoria owned by,
torpedoed, 100.

Lansdowne, Marquess of, on treatment of
prisoners, 413-14.

Lansing, Robert, Counsellor, Department
of State, United States, correspondence
with German Ambassador re Kronprinz
Wilhelm, 330-1.

Laoshan Bay, see under China.

Las Palmas, see under Canary Islands.

Latymer, Lord :

on Admission of Royal Marine Officers
to First Class of Order of the Bath,
28-30.

Motion for return of officers of Royal
Marines at present unemployed, 370-2 .

373-

Laugallen, see under East Prussia.

Law, A. Bonar, M.P., on German sub-
marine blockade, 10-11.

Laws, Cuthbert, at presentation to captain
of S.S. Thordis, 332.

Lawson Steam Tugboat Co., Ltd., Homer
owned by, encounter with submarine,
322.

le SeiUeur, A.B. G. H., awarded D.S.M.,
287.

Leeuwarden, S.S., sunk by German sub-
marine, 210.

Legion of Honour, see under France.

Leighton, Ch. P.O. David, awarded D.S.M.,
289.

Leon Gambetta, French armoured cruiser,
sinking of, by U j , 408-9.

Lerwick, see under Great Britain.

Letucki, Russian torpedo-boat, German
submarine rammed by, in the Baltic,
264.

531

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Levallois, see under France.

Leven, H.M.S., U Shunted by, 49.

von Lexhen, Capt., 342.

Libau, see under Russia.

Lichterfelde, see under Belgium.

Liiiian von Sanders, Marshal, appointed

to command 5th Turkish Army at the

Dardanelles, 226.
Limpus, Vice-Admiral, A. H., C.B., Malta

Dockyard, mentioned in despatches,

JI3-

Lion, H.M.S., alleged damage to, in North
Sea fight, 323.

Liverpool, see under Great Britain.

Liverpool Shipping Co., Ltd. (Messrs. H.
Vernie and Sons), Liverpool, S.S. Flora-
zan, owned by, torpedoed, 188.

Liverpool, Earl of, G.C.M.G., M.V.O.,
Governor of New Zealand, Telegram
from Mr. Churchill on Dardanelles
operations, and reply, 407.

Livingstone, A.B. P. S., awarded D.S.M.,
287.

Lizzie, S.S., crew of S.S. Delmira, res-
cued by, 216.

Llewellyn, Mr., third officer Harpalyce,
327, 328.

Lock, Leading Seaman William John,
wounded in Dardanelles operations,

13-

Lockwood, S.S., torpedoed, 312.

London, H.M.S., in the Dardanelles, 337.

London and South- Western Railway, S.S.
Lydia owned by, attacked by sub-
marine, 99.

Longmore, Wing-Commander A. M., air
attacks reported by, 73-4, 214, 311.

Lonsdale, Sir John, M.P., questions in the

House :

S.S. A sturias, submarine attack, 106.
Enemy ah* ens and strikes, 376.
Enemy submarines, rewards for de-
struction, 107.

Raw cotton as contraband, 373.
Shortage of cargo ships, 52.

Lord Nelson, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 17, 19, 124, 126, 129, 136, 137,
138, 142, 367.

Lough, Rt. Hon. TM M.P., question
re special treatment of submarine
prisoners, 424.

Lowestoft, see under Great Britain.

Lowry, Mr., report on treatment of
German submarine prisoners in Eng-
land, 454-5.

532

Lucas, Lord, President of the Board of
Agriculture and Fisheries, on treat-
ment of prisoners, 418-19, 419-20.

Luce, Capt. John, H.M.S. Glasgow :

Appointed Companion, Order of the

Bath, 288.
Sinking of the Dresden by, 171-3.

Lydia, S.S., German submarine attack onr

99-

Lyne, Comdr., and King's visit to the
Fleet, 217.

Maas Lightship, German submarine off,

266-7.

McBarnet, Lieut.-Comdr. Edward James,
R.N.R. Officers' Decoration conferred
on, 291.
McCarton, E.-R. Art. 1st Cl. George Henry

Francis, awarded D.S.M., 289.
Macedonia, German liner, attempted

escape from Las Palmas, 167, 191.
Macewen, Sir W., F.R.C.S., naval medical

consultant, 425.

McGarrick, Captain, S.S. Castlereagh, 160.
M'Goff, Ch. P.O. William, award of D.S.M.,

468.
McKenna, R., M.P., on operations in

Turkey, 450.
MacLeod, Lieut., R.F.A., German reprisals

on, 411.
Macmaster, D., M.P., on treatment of

prisoners, 424, 431.

Macnamara, Rt. Hon. T. J., M.P., on
Naval Discipline Bill, 58-69, 83, 97.
Replies to questions in the House :
Admiralty communiques, 54, 118,

182.

Anti- Aircraft Corps, 435.
Armed merchant cruisers' seaworthi-
ness, 40-1.

S.S. A sturias, submarine attack, 106.
British ships sunk by German sub-
marines, 446.
Casualties, 448.

H.M.S. Clan Macnaughton, 37, 41.
Coastguard ratings, promotion, 54-5.
Disasters to trading vessels, publi-
cation of news, 105.
Dockyard pensioners, 387.
Enemy aliens and strikes, 376.
Enemy submarines, rewards for de-
struction, 107, 108.
Engineer-Lieutenants, pay, 36.
German draftsman in employ of Ad-
miralty contractors, 36.

INDEX

Macnamara, Rt. Hon. T. J., M.P. (con-
tinued) :
Replies to Questions (continued) :

Hopper barges employed in mine-
sweeping, pay, etc., of men, 388.

La Correntina, S.S., sinking of, 436.

Lerwick explosion, 350, 351, 395.

Lieuts. -Commander, position of, 387-8.

Manitou, transport, attack on, 391-2.

Medical consultants, 425.

Medical officers re-employed, pay, 378.

Merchant ships escaped from sub-
marines, 437.

Merchant ships in war service, rates,
379-80.

Naval officers, shore appointments,
105.

H.M.S. Niger, loss of, 39-40.

Optical instruments, supply of glass,
435-6.

Pensions and allowances, 55, 56.

Position of Admiral Sir Arthur
Knyvet Wilson, 2.

Prisoners of war, accommodation in
steamships, 183-4, 392-

Prize bounties, 174.

Prize money, 378.

Retired Naval officers' war service,
bonus, 1 06.

Rewards for destruction of sub-
marines, 181.

Royal Dockyards, etc. : 38.

Pay and privileges, 381, 382, 388-9,
390, 424-5, 438, 439, 446-7.

Royal Marines detained after expiry
of period of service, 40.

R.N.D. and R.M. Brigade Commis-
sions, 191.

Royal Naval Reserve : 51.
Bonus, 2.
Engineer officers not called up for

service with R.N., 37.
Engineering branch, 41-2.

Royal Navy, meat supplies, 450-1.

Rum consumption in Navy, 380.

Sailors and support of illegitimate
children, 377-8.

Sickness at Osborne College, and steps
taken, 2-3.

Special treatment of submarine pri-
soners, 444-5.

Stoker ratings, 37, 389. .

Supplementary lieutenants, pensions
and promotion, 387.

Trawlers, H.M., pay, etc., on, 42.

Macnamara, Rt Hon. T. J., M.P. (con-
tinued) :
Replies to Questions (continued) :

Trawlers requisitioned for mine-
sweeping, 52.
Van Dyke, S.S., 184.
Warrant officers, pay and separation

allowances, 38-9, 391.
Writers, Royal Navy, 441, 441-2.
Yachting in Scottish estuaries, 447-8.
McNeile, Lieut. H. G., Coldstream Guards,

German reprisals on, 411.
M'Neili, R., M.E. :

on Naval Discipline Bill, 87.
Questions in the House :

Announcement of news by Admir-
alty, 181, 182.

Interned steamers, freight charges, 375 .
Prize Claims Committee, 449, 450.
Supplies to Germany, 439.
Magdeburg, see under Germany.
Magdeburg, German cruiser :
Loss of, in the Baltic, 262.
Submarine attacks on, 264.
Magnesia, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Magnus, Sir Philip, M.P., question re
supply of glass for optical instruments,

435. 436.

Maidos, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Main, Lieut-Commander Frank Morgan,

R.N.R. Officers' Decoration conferred

on, 291.
Main, German S.S., at Flushing :

Departure to Antwerp, 348.

Secret wireless installation on, 347-8.
Majestic, H.M.S. , Dardanelles operations,

17, 21, 120, 121, 123, 127, 129, 338, 366,

367, 405-

Maldon, see under Great Britain.
Manitou, transport, attack on, by Turkish

torpedo-boat, 364-5, 391-2.
Manshu, Japanese coast defence boat, 282.
Mantes, see under France.
Maori, H.M.S., U 8 destroyed by, 49.
Marchbanks, Chief Cook S.S. Falaba,

account of sinking of ship, 232.
Marconi, Signer, at presentation to captain

of S.S. Thordis, 332.
Marshall, Leading Seaman Frederick,

award of D.S.M., 468.
Martin :

Ldg. Seaman Frederick Sidney, awarded
D.S.M., 289.

Thomas, S.S. Hartdale, to be rewarded for
conduct in attack by submarine, 437.

533

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Matsumura, Rear-Admiral Tatsuo. in the

South Seas, 276.

Matsuye, Japanese coast defence boat, 282.
Matroos, Capt. K., S.S. Elizabeth, rescue of

survivors from the Harpalyce, 326,

327* 328.
Matthews, Lieut.-Col. G. E., mentioned in

despatches, 112.
Mayes, Sergt. Charles, H.M.S. Kent, award

of C.G.M., 288.
Mecklenburg, Dutch ship, attacked by

Germans, 344.
Medea, Dutch S.S., sinking of, by U 28,

216, 343, 344, 346.
Mediterranean, French Fleet, M. Auga-

gneur on, 48.
Medjidieh, Turkish cruiser, sunk by

mine, 313.

Meeson, Eng.-Lieut.-Commander Edward
H. T., H.M.S. Laurel :

Awarded D.S.O., 377.

Noted for early promotion, 377.
Mekhanik Dmitriev, Russian ship, opera-
tions in the Baltic, 264.
Melliss, Maj.-Gen. C. J., V.C., C.B. :

Battle at Shaiba, i3th April 1915, 335.

Commendation of, 334-5.
Mellor, Comdr. W., mentioned in de-
spatches, and promotion and decora-
tion recommended, 112.
Memel, see under East Prussia.
Menzies, Lieut. Stewart, Scots Guards,

German reprisals on, 411.
Merchant, Petty Officer, at the Darda-
nelles, 1 8.

Merkem, see under Belgium.
Mersey, the Rt. Hon. Lord : 38°

Formal investigation into loss of the

S.S. Falaba, 245-60.
Mesopotamia :

Ahvaz, English south of, alleged attack
on, 386.

Barjisiyah, battle of, 335-6.

Karun River, alleged defeat of British
attempting to advance along, 32.

Kurna, alleged naval skirmish near, 316.

Shaiba, fighting near, I2th-i4th April
1915. 334-6.

Schnabia, alleged Turkish raid, British

driven back to, 217-18.
Metcalfe, Capt. Christopher P., H.M.S.

Wear, mentioned in despatches, 134.
Meux, Admiral the Hon. Sir Hedworth,

6.C.B., K.C.V.O., promotion to Admiral

of the Fleet, 289.

534

Mexico, Japanese war ship sent to, 1913,

277.
Meysey-Thompson, Major, M.P., question

re British merchant ships detained,

captured, or destroyed, 184-5.
Michaeli, W., account of sinking of S.S,

Falaba, 233-4.

Middlesbrough, see under Great Britain.
Middleton :

Chief Gunner Henry, H.M.S. Car mania,
award of D.S.C., 465.

Lieut.-Comdr. J. R., H.M.S. Albion,
mentioned in despatches, and decora-
tion recommended, 112.
Mikasa, Japanese battleship, 281.
Milford Haven, see under Great Britain.
Miller, Thomas, Board of Trade Surveyor

of Liverpool, survey of S.S. Falaba, 247.
Miner, H.M. launch, 466.
Minerva, H.M.S., chase of the Timur

Hissar, 364-5.

Minosima, Japanese coast defence boat :
282.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Mitylene, see under Greece.
Mogami, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
Moggridge, Rear- Admiral Arthur Yerbury,

promotion to Vice- Admiral, 468.
^Mohawk, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.
Molesworth, Lieut.-Col. R. P. :

Mentioned in despatches, 336-7.

Operations on the Euphrates, 336.
Momo, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Montcalm, French warship at Singapore,

273-
Money, Comdr. Brien Michael, Admiralty

letter of approbation to, 467.
Montenegro :

Antivari, bombardment by Austrian

warships, 28.
British Consul-General, see Parkington,

Sir J. Roper.
Montgomery, Capt., 7th Dragoon Guards,

German reprisals on, 411.
Moorhouse, Lieut.-Col. H. C., C.M.G.,
D.S.O., appointment as temp. Lieut.-
Col., R.M., 286.

i Moray Firth, see under Great Britain.
: Moreau, Sub.-Lieut., aviatik brought down

by, 209.
Moriyama, Rear- Admiral Eeijiroh :

Operations along western coast of

America, 277-8.
Sent to Mexico, 1913.

INDEX

Morto Bay, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Mosquito, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

136, 140, 141, 142.
Moss Line, German submarine attack on

S.S. Vosges, owned by, 223-6, 437.
Mouaileh, see under Arabia.
Mulheim, see under Alsace-Lorraine.
Mulock, Lieut.-Comdr. George F. A.,

H.M.S. Jed, mentioned in despatches,

133-
Munro-Ferguson, H.E. the Rt. Hon. Sir

E. C., G.C.M.G., Governor-General of

Australia, telegram from Mr. Churchill

on Dardanelles operations, and reply,

407.

Muriel, inquiry held into loss of, 154.
Musasi, Japanese coast defence boat, 282.
Muscar, Steward, S.S. Falaba, 232.

Namazieh Fort, see under Gallipoli.
Neale, P.O. William, award of D.S.M.,

467.
Needham, C. T., M.P., question re enemy

steamers interned on West Coast of

Africa, 185.

Neuilly, see under France.
Neva, Turkish ship sunk by Russians, 50.
Neville, E. J. N., M.P., questions in the
House :

Falkland Islands battle, publication of
despatch, 425.

Interned steamers, freight charges, 43, 44.
New York World, interview with Heir

Ballin, 338-41.
New Zealand Expeditionary Force :

Gallipoli operations, 400, 401, 407.

Transports, convoying of, by Japanese

ships, 274.

Newcastle, see under Great Britain.
Newcastle, H.M.S. , attached to Japanese

squadron on west coast of America,

277.

Newhaven, see under Great Britain.
Newport News, see under U.S.A.
Newton, Lord, on German reprisals on

prisoners, 412-13.
Nice, Messrs., Bury St. Edmunds, damage

to shop in Zeppelin raid, 460.
Nicholson :

Sir Charles, M.P., question re pensions
and allowances, 55-6.

Capt. Douglas Romilly Lothian, ap-
pointment as Naval Aide-de-Camp
to H.M. the King, 290.

Nield, H., M.P., questions in the House :
Anti-aircraft Force, 385-6.
Position of Admiral Sir Arthur Knyvet
Wilson, 1-2;

Niger, H.M.S., loss of, 39-40.

Niitaka, Japanese cruiser, 270, 282.

Nimmersatt, see under East Prussia.

Ningchow, S.S., chase by German sub-
marine, 98.

Nisshin, Japanese cruiser : 281.
in the Indian Ocean, 274.

Nixon, Gen. Sir John Eccles, K.C.B.,
commanding Indian Expeditionary
Force ' D,' Despatch, 6th May 1915,
describing operations in Mesopotamia,

335-7-
Noel, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Gerard

Henry Uctred, G.C.B., K.C.M.G., placed

on Retired List, 289.
Nomaguchi, Vice- Admiral Eaneo, 273.
Norfolk, inquiry held into loss of,

154.
North Africa, French Expeditionary Force

in, 20, 156.

North Hinder Lightship, German sub-
marine off, 342-7, 363.
North Sea :

Alleged action in, and denial by Mr.
Churchill, 369.

Dutch ship mined, 229.

German account of fight in, 7th, 8th
April, 323-4.

German fleet in, 396, 409-10.

German submarines in, 315, 344.

Light vessel and lights, Admiralty
notice, 77.

Mined areas, Admiralty notices, 32-4.

Pilotage, Admiralty notice, 221-2.

Steam trawlers attacked by aeroplanes,

363-

North Shields, see under Great Britain.
Northlands, S.S., sinking of, by torpedo,

315-
Norway :

Ship detained and captured at sea by

H.M. Naval Forces, 294.
Ships whose cargoes, or part of them,
have been detained, 292, 293, 470,
471, 472.

Nubian, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.
Nunn, Capt. Wilfrid, appointment to
D.S.O., 464.

O 43, torpedo-boat, on the Suez Canal,
465.

535

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Ocean, H.M.S. :

Dardanelles operations, 12, 16, 112,
121, 125, 127, 134, 140, 142.

Mined, 127, 130, 133, 134.
Ocean Steamship Co., Liverpool (A. Holt

and Co.), S.S. Laertes, owned by,

attacked by submarine, 98.
Odenwald, Hamburg- Am erika S.S., at-
tempted escape from San Juan, 167,

192-8.

Odessa, see under Russia.
Ogden, Rev. J. W., 354-
Okinosima, Japanese coast defence boat :
282.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Oleg, Russian ship, pursuit of German

cruisers in the Baltic, 261 .
divine, S.S., sinking of, by torpedo,

315-

O'Malley, Lieut., Royal Munster Fus., Ger-
man reprisals on, 411.

Ong, Ch. P.O. Thomas, award of D.S.M.,
468.

Orama, H.M.S., sinking of the Dresden by,
171-7.

Orde, Lieut. Herbert Walter Julian, H.M.S.
Helmuth, award of D.S.C., 465, 466.

Orient II., trawler, rescue of survivors
from S.S. Falaba, 255.

Oriole, S.S., sinking of, 97, 99, 422.

Ostend, see under Belgium.

Otowa, Japanese cruiser : 270, 282.
at Singapore, 273.

Otranto Straits, sinking of the Leon Gam-
betta off, 408-9.

Outhwaite, R. L., M.P., question re British
Naval support to France, time of con-
veying decision, 190.

Pacific :

Clear of German ships, 412.

Japanese Navy in, 274, 276.
Pagani, Maj.-Gen. Carlo, 440.
Page, W. H., U.S.A. Ambassador in Lon-
don, 75, 454.

Information from, re German reprisals

on prisoners, 396, 410-12.
Paignton, S.S., crew of S.S. Bengrove

rescued by, 49.
Paklat, German S.S., case of, arrested

by British warships while conveying

German refugees from Tsing-tau to

Tientsin, 74-7.
Paleo Tabia Point, see under Turkey-in-

Asia.

536

Palestine :

Acre, railway bridge, destruction by

French cruiser, 356.
Gaza:

Bombardment by Allied cruiser, 223,

329-
Turkish camp near, bombardment by

the St. Louis, 331-2.
Pallada, Russian cruiser :
Operations in the Baltic, 262.
Sunk by German submarine, 263, 264.
Palmer :

Temp. Lieut. Charles E. S. (British
Vice-Consul at Chanak Kale), taken
prisoner by Turks, 366, 368.
Lieut., 2nd Life Guards, German re-
prisals on, 411.

Palmes, Lieut.-Comdr. George Bryan :
Appointment to D.S.O., 465.
Mentioned in despatches and decora-
tion recommended, 112.
Paris, see under France.
Parkington, Sir J. Roper, British Consul-

General for Montenegro, 28.
Parmoor, Lord, on Naval Marriages Bill,

15*;

Partridge, H.M.S., stranding of, 1825,

53-
Patey, Vice-Admiral Sir George E., on

western coast of America, 277-8.

Pearce, G. F., Australian Minister of
Defence, 412.

Peirse:

Vice-Admiral Sir Richard, Commander-
in-Chief, East Indies, operations off
Smyrna, 16, 18.

Flight-Lieut. Richard Edmund Charles,
appointment to D.S.O., 464-5.

Pembroke, see under Great Britain.

Pengilly, Mr., third officer, S.S. Falaba,
250.

Penhale, S.S., chased by German sub-
marine, 98.

Penhale Steamship Co., Falmouth, S.S.
Penhale owned by, chased by submarine,
98.

Pennefather, De F., M.P., question re use of
ships for internment of prisoners, 184.

Pennsylvania, American super Dread-
nought, launching of, commander of
Prinz Eitel Friedrich at, 162-3.

Persian Gulf, operations, Turkish report,
32.

Peters, Lieut. Frederic Thornton,appointed
Companion D.S.O., 287.

INDEX

Peterson, W., at presentation to captain

of S.S. Thordis, 332.
Peto, Basil., M.P. :

on Naval Discipline Bill, 88, 89.

Questions in the House :

Insurance of effects and life, etc., in-
surance, Merchant Service, 39.
H.M.S. Niger, loss of, 39.
Raw cotton and yarns as contraband,

349-

R.N.R., 51.

Supplies to Germany, 439-40.
Pettit, Mr., Bury St. Edmunds, damage to

property in Zeppelin raid, 459.
Philippine Islands, copra for Italy, pro-
ceedings re, 373-5.
Phillimore, Capt., H.M.S. Inflexible, in the

Dardanelles, 133.
Pieters, Arie, fifth engineer, Harpalyce,

328.

Pike, H.M.S., loss of, 1836, 53-4.
Pincher, H.M.S., loss of, 1838, 53-4.
Pinewold, trawler, crew of S.S. Amstel

rescued by, 229.
Pogson, Capt. C. A., nyth Mahrattas,

mentioned in despatches, 337.
Poissy, see under France.
Polangen, see under Russia.
Pont Faverges, see under France.
Poperinghe, see under Belgium.
Portland Harbour, see under Great

Britain.

Portsmouth, see under Great Britain.
Powlett, Capt. Frederick A., H.M.S.

Newcastle, attached to the Japanese

squadron on western coasts of America,

277.
Preece, Eng.-Lieut.-Comdr. G., H.M.S.

Lion, noted for early promotion,

377-
Prentis, Comdr. 0. J., H.M.S. Wolverine,

commendation of, 111-12.
President, German S.S., at San Juan, 195,

196.
President, S.S., sinking of, by submarine,

334-
Pressia, Turkish ship, sunk by Russians,

50-
Price :

Lieut. Edward J., E jj, taken prisoner

by Turks, 366.
Midshipman J. C. W., H.M.S. Ocean,

mentioned in despatches, 112.
M., inquest on bodies recovered from

S.S. Falaba, 238.

Primrose, Hon. N., Under-Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs, replies to
questions in the House :

German reprisals for British treat-
ment of submarine prisoners, 396.
Raw cotton and yarns, non-declara-
tion as contraband, 349-50.
Supplies to Germany, 439, 440.

Prince Fishing Co., Ltd., employment of
trawler owned by, in Tyne examina-
tion service, 383.

Prince George, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 15, 15-16, 17, 112, 122, 123, 124,
126, 129, 136, 137, 138.

Prince Line, S.S. Hungarian Prince,
owned by, attempted attack by sub-
marine, 98.

Prince Eitel Friedrich, German auxiliary

cruiser : 278, 329, 346.
Cleaning, etc., of bottom, 384.
Commander, see Thierichens, Captain,
at Newport News, 162-70.
Official attentions paid to, 162-3, 164.
Ships sunk by, 166.

Princess Victoria, S.S., sinking of, 100,
182, 188.

Propert, Lieut. William Henry, R.N.R.,
D.S.O., S.S. Laertes, rewarded for con-
duct in attack by submarine, 437.

Provident, Russian ship, sunk by Turkish
Fleet, 313.

Queen, H.M.S., sent to Dardanelles, 127,
130.

Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 4, 15-16 16, 17, 19, in, 115,
117, 118, 123, 124, 126, 129, 132, 134,
137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 402.

Racoon, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,
120, 140, 141, 142.

Radoslavoff, M., Bulgarian Prime Minis-
ter, on impossibility of Balkan State
Federation, 267.

Rainbow, Canadian ship, attached to
Japanese squadron on western coasts of
America, 277.

Ralston, Mr., Naval architect of builders of
S.S. Falaba, 253.

Ramsay, Flag Comdr. Hon. A. R. M.,
mentioned in despatches, 113.

Randleson, Denis, skipper of drifter Wen-
lock, evidence at S.S. Falaba inquest,

239-
Rapid, H.M.S., wreck of, 1838, 53.

537

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Rawlinson, J. P. P., M.P., question re
cotton supplies to Germany and
Austria, 384.

Recruit, H.M.S.. loss of, 1832, 53-4.
Redwing, H.M.S., loss of, 1827, 53-4.
Bees, Sir J. D., M.P., questions in the

House :

Cotton as contraband, 350.
Sinking of S.S. Falaba, 345.
Treatment of prisoners by Turks, 443.
Renard, H.M.S., scouting expedition in

the Dardanelles, 337.
Rennenkampf, General, 204.
Reventlow, Count, on elusiveness of

British Fleet, 409-10.
Ribble, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

140.

Ribecourt, see under France.
Rice:

Rt. Hon. Sir Cecil Spring, G.C.V.O.,
K.C.M.G., British Ambassador in
U.S.A., 80.

David, evidence at inquest on bodies re-
covered from S.S. Falaba, 239.
Richardson, Lieut.-Comdr. Robert Wise,
Admiralty letter of approbation to,
467.

Rijnstroom, Dutch S.S., 201.
Rio Grande, S.S., 203.
Ritchie, Comdr. Henry Peel, award of

V.C., 464.
Roberts, C., M.P. :

Reply to question re detained enemy

ships in India, use of, 385.
Robertson :

Vice-Admiral (retired) Charles Hope,
C.M.G., M.V.O., appointment as
temp. Captain, R.N.R., 286.
Lieut., Gordon Highrs., German re-
prisals on, 411.
Robinson :

Lieut.-Comdr. Eric Gascoigne :
Destruction of E 15, 366-7.
Mentioned in despatches and decora-
tion recommended, in, 112.
Promotion to Commander, 367, 469.
S., M.P., question re enemy ships in

British ports, 106-7.

Robison, A.B. H., awarded D.S.M., 287.
Rodgers, P.O. George, award of D.S.M.,

468.
Rogers, Boy 1st Cl. J. P., awarded D.S.M.,

287.

Rogerson, Lieut., i8th Hussars, German |
reprisals on, 411.

538

Rolleston, H. D., M.D., F.R.C.S., naval

medical consultant, 425.
Rollit, Sir A., at presentation to captain

of S.S. Thordis, 332.
Kosher, Flight-Lieut. H., raid on Hoboken,

214.

Rosyth, see under Great Britain.
Royal Edward, S.S., accommodation of

prisoners in, 183, 392.
Royal Fleet Reserve, see under Great

Britain.
R.M.S.P. Co., Belfast, S.S. Asturias owned

by, attacked by submarine, 98.
Royal Marines, see under Great Britain.
Royal Naval Division, see under Great

Britain.
Royal Naval Reserve, see under Great

Britain.
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, see under

Great Britain.

Royal Navy, see under Great Britain.
Royal Sovereign, lightship, 211, 267.
Ruby, S.S., 328.
Rumilieh Medjidieh Tabia Fort, see under

Gallipoli.
Runciman, Rt. Hon. Walter, M.P. :

Replies to questions :

Enemy ships in British ports, 107.
Enemy ships, employment and con-

trol, 395.

Insurance of effects and life, etc.,
insurance, Merchant Service,

39-

Interned steamers, freight charges,

43. 44> 375-6-

Merchant Service, Government com-
pensation scheme, 42-3.

Pilots, compensation, 50-1.

Shortage of cargo ships, 52-3.

Sinking of S.S. Falaba, 245.
on Sinking of German submarine by

S.S. Thordis, 332.
Russia :

Aerial Navigation, see that title.
Bakhofen, German Fleet off, 263.
Baltic coast, bombardment by German

cruisers, 334.
Bogsher Lighthouse, destroyed by the

Germans, 262.

Bowendtschoff, bombardment by Ger-
man cruiser, 334.
Fleet :

Black Sea operations, 49-50, 338.

near the Bosphorus, 129, 218, 265-7,
312, 398-9, 403.

INDEX

Russia (continued) :
Fleet (continued) :

Loss of Pallada, cruiser, torpedoed

in the Baltic, 263.
Government, agreement re payment for

supplies of stores, etc., to Allied

Naval Forces, 503.
Invasion of East Prussia, 203-7.
Libau, bombardment by German ships,

268.
Naval Authorities, ships detained and

captured by, 292-3.
Naval General Staff, communique' re

Baltic theatre of war, 260-5.
Odessa, Turkish Fleet near, 313.
Polangen, German bombardment of

coast near, 206, 207.
Responsibility for war, Herr Ballin on,

34^-2.
Ships, losses :

Bastochnaja, sunk by Turkish Fleet,

313.

Hermes, sailing ship, 315.
Provident, sunk by Turkish Fleet,

313.

Sworono, S.S., torpedoed, 461-2.

Uleaborg, S.S., destroyed in Gulf of

Bothnia, 262.

Steinort, German Fleet off, 263.
Theodosia, bombardment by Turkish

Fleet, 129.
Vindau, German ships off, 262.

Saga, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.

Said, see under Gallipoli.

St. Andrew, S.S., chase by German sub-
marine, 98.

St. George's Channel, sinking of the S.S.
Falaba to south of, 228-9.

St. Germain, see under France.

St. Helens, see under Great Britain.

St. Louis, French battleship, bombard-
ment of camp near Gaza, 331-2.

St. Michael and St. George, Order of, see
under Great Britain.

St. Stephen, S.S., 229.

Saltoun, Lieut, the Master of, Gordon
Highrs., German reprisals on, 411.

Samuel, Samuel, M.P., question re copra
cargoes and international trade,

373-4-

San Juan, Porto Rico, attempted escape
of German S.S. Odenwald from, 167,
192-8.

Sanderson :

L., M.P., on treatment of prisoners,

431-3-

Lieut., 4th Dragoons, German reprisals

on, 411.
Sandford, Lieut. P. H., H.M.S. Irresistible,

mentioned in despatches, and promotion

recommended, in, 112.
Sapphire, H.M.S. : 123.

Dardanelles operations, 15, 16.
Sari Bahr, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Saros, Bay of :

Alleged attempt to land troops in, 408.

Operations in, 13-14, 14, 20, 22, 122.
Satsuma, Japanese battleship: 270, 281.

in the South Seas, 276.
Saxonia, S.S., accommodation of prisoners

in, 183, 392-3.

Scapa Flow, see under Great Britain.
Scarborough, see under Great Britain.
Schieland, Dutch S.S., sinking of, by

submarine, 344.

Schnabia, see under Mesopotamia.
Scholey, P.O. Oswald Sydney, award of

D.S.M., 467.
Schoon, Lieut., King's Royal Rifles,

German reprisals on, 411.
Scilly Islands, German submarines off,

188-9, 331, 334-
Scorpion, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

III-I2, 123.

Scotian, S.S., accommodation of prisoners,

in, 183, 392.
Scott, MacCallum, M.P., questions re

treatment of submarine prisoners, 422,

423, 424, 444.
Scottish Shipowners' Co. (Ltd.) of Glasgow,

torpedoing of S.S. Hyndford owned by,

210.

Sedd-el-Bahr, see under Gallipoli Peninsula.
Sefton Steamship Co. (Ltd.) (Messrs.

H. E. Moss and Co.), Liverpool, S.S.

Headlands owned by, torpedoed, 188.
Segrave, Capt. John R., H.M.S. Orama.

sinking of the Dresden by, 171-3.
Seine-et-Oise, see under France.
Selborne, the Earl of, E.G., G.C.M.G. :

on Customs (War Powers) Bill, 179.

on Exclusion of Royal Marine officers
from First Class of Order of the Bath,

30-1. 32.

on Naval Discipline Bill, 147.
on Pilotage certificates and aliens, 101-3.
on Position of Royal Marine officers,

31-2.

539

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Selborne, the Earl of, E.G., G.C.M.G.,

(continued] :

on Prize Claims Committee, 151.
on Prize Money, 104.
on Unemployment of Royal Marine

officers, 372-3.
Senes :

Admiral, loss of, on Lion Gambetta, 409.
Madame, messages of sympathy to,

408.

Serbia, attack on Austrian gunboats, 396.
Settsu, Japanese battleship, 281.
Seven Seas, S.S., sinking of, by submarine,

312.
Seymour :

Lieut. A. G., H.M.S., Espiegle :
Mentioned in despatches, 337.
Operations on the Euphrates, 336,

337-
Comdr. Claude, H.M.S. Colne, mentioned

in despatches, 133.
Shaiba, see under Mesopotamia.
Shaw, Eng.-Lieut-Comdr. J. P., H.M.S.
Invincible, noted for early promotion,

377-

Sheerness, see under Great Britain.
Sheppey, Isle of, see under Great Britain.
Shields, see under Great Britain.
Shikisima, Japanese battleship, 281.
Shoppee, Lieut. Denys Charles Gerald,

awarded D.S.C., 291.
Shortland, Rear- Admiral (ret.) Edward

George, promotion to Vice-Admiral

(ret.), 290.

Shotley, see under Great Britain.
Simon, Sir John, Attorney-General :

Chairman of Prize Claims Committee,
152.

on Naval Discipline Bill, 57-8, 92-3, 94.

Reply to question re Prize Claims Com-
mittee, 448-50.
Sims:

Stkr. P.O. A. J., awarded D.S.M., 287.

Sub-Lieut. Charles Edmonds, H.M.S.

Bayano, loss of, 159.
Singapore, disturbance among Indian

troops at, and Japanese marines landed,

273-
Sir Ernest Cassel, Swedish S.S., detention

of, by British, 348-9.
Sirataye, Japanese ship, loss of, at Kiao-'

Chau, 272.

Sittingbourne, see under Great Britain.
Skedyell, Petty Officer Albert George,

wounded in Dardanelles operations, 13.

540

Smith, Stkr. 1st Cl. John, awarded D.S.M.,

289.

Smyrna, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Snowden :

Actg. Ch. E.-R. Art. 2nd Cl. Robert,

awarded D.S.M., 289.
Philip, M.P., question re Devonport

Naval Stores Department, additional

hired writers' pay, 438.
Societe des Affreteurs Bennes, S.S. Au-
guste Conseil owned by, torpedoed, 137,

143-

South American Coast, Prinz Eitel Fried-
rich off, 1 66.

South-Eastern and Chatham Railway Co.,
S.S. Victoria owned by, attacked by
submarine, 98.

South Seas, Japanese Navy in, 276.

Southern Prince, trawler, employment in
Tyne examination service, 383.

Southport, S.S., torpedoed, 267.

Southwold, see under Great Britain.

Soutter, Lieut. James C. J., H.M.S.
Amethyst, mentioned in despatches,

113-

Spedding, Capt. J., Assessor at investiga-
tion into loss of the S.S. Falaba,

243-

Spence, Capt., Midd. Regt., German re-
prisals on, 411.

Staden, see under Belgium.

Start Point, see under Great Britain.

Stem, Dr. Ludwig, on sinking of the Dutch
ships Medea and Katwyk, 345-6.

Steinort, see under Russia.

Stephens and Sons, Glasgow, builders of
S.S. Falaba, 246, 247.

Steregushchi, Russian ship, operations in
the Baltic, 264.

Stewart :
G., M.P. :
Question re detained enemy ships in

India, use of, 385.
on Treatment of prisoners, 430-1.
Lieut., Gordon Highrs., German re-
prisals on, 411.

Stewart and Gray, Messrs., Glasgow, S.S.
Invergyle owned by, torpedoed, 189.

Stirling, Surg. Prob. James Alexander,
awarded D.S.C., 287.

Stoker, Lieut.-Comdr. Henry Hugh Gor-
don Dacre, A.E 2, taken prisoner by
Turks, 455.

Strachie, Lord, Paymaster-General, on
Customs (War Powers) Bill, 178.

INDEX

273.

of, in
boat :

Stradbroke, Earl and Countess of, 356, |

360.
Strick, Messrs. F. C., and Co., London,

S.S. Tangistan owned by, torpedoed, j

100.

Sturdee, Admiral Sir Doyeton, 37, 425.
Suandere, see under Gallipoli.
Success, H.M.S., wreck of, 1828, 53.
Suez Canal, operations on, 217.
Suffren, French ship, Dardanelles opera-
tions, 14, 17, 19, no, 115, 116, 117,

119, 123, 124, 126, 129, 137, 138,

141.

Sultan Fort, see under Gallipoli.
Suma, Japanese cruiser, 282.
Sumida, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas,
Superb, H.M.S., alleged sinking

North Sea fight, 323.
Suwoh, Japanese coast defence
282.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Swansea, see under Great Britain.
Sweden :

Ships :

Sir Ernest Cassel, stopped by British,
and taken into Middlesbrough,

348-9.
S.S. Gloria, seized by Germans,

189.
List of, whose cargoes, or part of

them, have been detained, 293,

470, 471, 472.
Losses, Hanna, S.S., torpedoed,

210.

Supplies to Germany of cargoes for,

439.
Swiftsure, Dardanelles operations, 13, 121,

126, 128, 138, 338.
Switzerland, question of supplies

Germany through, 439-40, 440.
Sworono, Russian S.S., sinking of,

submarine, 461-2.
Sydney, H.M.A.S., destruction of

Emden, 274.

Sylph, H.M.S., wreck of, 1815, 53.
Syren, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.
Syren and Shipping :

Reward to captain and crew of
Thordis for sinking German
marine, 3*32 -3.

Reward offered for first sinking of
submarine by merchant ship,
108.
Syrian Coast, Allied ships off, 338.

by
the

the
sub-

Takachiho, Japanese cruiser :

Loss of, 272.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 272.
Takarabe, Vice-Admiral, Commander of

Third Japanese Squadron, 273.
Takssiara, Greek S.S., reported sunk by

Russians in Zunguldak harbour, 50.
Tamar, S.S., 329.

Tangistan, S.S., torpedoed off Scar-
borough, 1 06, 1 88.
Tango, Japanese warship, operations at

Kiao-Chau, 271.
Tara, auxiliary patrol vessel, survivors

from H.M.S. Bayano, rescued by,

159.
Tatler, Able Seaman George William,

award of D.S.M., 467.
Tchanak - Keleshi, see under Turkey-in~

Asia.

Teensma, Capt., Katwyk, 342, 344.
Tekeh, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Tenedos : 20.

Colliers near, bombs dropped by Ger-
man airman on, 338.

Fleet at, 119.
Tennant, Rt. Hon. H. J., M.P. :

on Internment of prisoners, liberation
of ships, 43.

on New Clause of Army Act re Rela-
tions between Military and Naval
Forces acting together, 45 .
Tergnier, see under France.
Terneuzen, see under Holland.
Terrell, George, M.P., questions in the
House :

Pay of re-employed medical officers,

378-

Prize bounties, 180.

Rewards for destruction of submarines,
180, 181.

Teviot, H.M.S. , crew of S.S. Medea res-
cued by, 216.

Thames River, see under Great Britain.

Theodora, Dutch ship, shipment of petrol
at Swansea, 189-90.

Theodosia, see under Russia.

Theseus, S.S., testimony to conduct in
attack by submarine, 437.

Thierichens, Captain, Prinz Eitel Fried-
rich : 165.
Internment of ship, 165-6, 167.

Thompson, Capt. William Peter : 246,

253-

Exonerated from blame in connection
with loss of S.S. Falaba, 260.

541

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

Thordis, S.S. :

Claim to have sunk submarine, 108.

German submarine attack on, 98, 437.

Presentation to captain and crew for

sinking German submarine, 332-3.
Thome, William, M.P., question re meat

supplies in Royal Navy, 450.
Thrasher, Leon Chester, loss of, on S.S.
Falaba : 164, 236-7.

American press comment, 241.

Count Bernstorff on, 243.
Tickler, T. G., M.P., questions in House :

Mined vessels, compensation to de-
pendents, 42.

Trawlers requisitioned for mine -sweep-
ing, 51-2.

Tientsin, see under China.
Tilsit, see under East Prussia.
Timur Hissar, Turkish torpedo-boat :

Attack on transport Manitou, 391-2.

Destruction of, 364-5.
Tirlemont, see under Belgium.
von Tirpitz, Admiral :

Lord Inchcape on, 332.

Telegram from the Kaiser on 5oth
anniversary of entering naval service
and conferring of Cross with Swords
of Grand Commander of the Royal
Order of the House of Hohenzollern,
408.
Toba, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
Tochinai, Vice- Admiral :

in the Indian Ocean, 274.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.

on Western coast of America, 278.
Todd, Comdr. G. J., H.M.S. Amethyst,

mentioned in despatches, 113.
Tokitsukaze, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Tokiwa, Japanese cruiser : 281.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.

on Western coast of America, 278.
Tone, Japanese cruiser : 282.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Torgud (? Tor gut Reis}, Turkish battle-
ship, 398.
Townend, W., at presentation to captain

of S.S. Thordis, 332.
Townsend, Stkr. P.O. William Alfred,

awarded D.S.M., 289.
Trafford, Lord, Scots Guards, German

reprisals on, 411.
Transatlantic Co., S.S. Guadeloupe owned

by, sunk by Kronprinz Wilhelm, 143.

542

von Trapp, Lieut. Georg Hitter, U 5,

sinking of the Leon Gambetta by, 408-9.

Trechmann Bros., Messrs., S.S. Hartdale

owned by, torpedoed, 189.
Tribune, H.M.S. , wreck of, 1839, 53.
Triumph, H.M.S. :

Action at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Dardanelles operations, 4, 12, 15, 115,
116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126,
136, 137. J38, 337. 366-7, 402,
405-
Trotman, Brigadier-General, Dardanelles

operations, in.
Tsing-Tau, see under China.
Tsuchiya :

Vice- Admiral Mitsukane, commanding

Third Japanese Squadron :%
in Eastern and China Seas, 273.
in the Pacific, 276.
Rear- Admiral Tetsuzo, 270.
T sugar u, Japanese cruiser, 281.
Tsukuba, Japanese battle cruiser: 281.

in the Pacific and South Seas, 276.
Tsusima, Japanese cruiser : 282.
in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
at Singapore, 273.
Tucker, Eng. William Thomas, R.N.R.

Officers' Decoration conferred on, 291 .
Tuke, Bear-Admiral (ret.) John Arthur,
appointment as temp. Captain, R.N.R.,
286.
Turkey :

Arsoun, semaphore lighthouse de-
stroyed, 19.
Enos:
Alleged landing of English and

French troops near, 390.
Allied attack at, 316,
Kavak River, bridge over, damaged by

French ship, 14, 15.
Ships, losses :

in the Bosphorus, 265-6, 317.

Heibeli Ada, sunk, 50.

Issa Reis, gunboat, mined in the

Bosphorus, 317.
Medjidieh, cruiser, mined, 313.
Neva, sunk, 50.
Pressia, sunk, 50.
Timur Hissar, 364-5.
Transport, off Maidos, 402.
Turkey-in-Asia :

Arkhan, bombardment by Russian

Fleet, '368-9.

Chiflik guardhouse, firing from, and
silencing of batteries, 18.

INDEX

Turkey-in-Asia (continued) :

Mount Dardanos battery, bombardment

and counter fire, 17, 19, 22, 128,

129.
Eregli, bombardment by Russian Fleet,

50, 265, 267, 338, 355.
Hamidieh I. Tabia Fort (U) :

Armament, 17.

Bombardment, 16, 17, 19.
Hamidieh III. Fort (V) :

Armament, 17.

Bombardment, 17, 19.
Kephez Point, bombardment of, 128,

129.
Kilimli, Russian bombardment, 49-50,

265.
Kozlu, Russian bombardment, 49-50,

265, 267.
Kum Kale :

Abandonment and parties landed,
120, 123.

reported Attempted landing by the
Allies, 21-2.

Bombardment of, 108, no, 404.

Landing operations, fighting, and
the subsequent re-embarkation, 15,
in-12, 400, 401-5.
Magnesia, merchant seamen interned

at, 443-4.
Paleo Tabia Point, firing from, and

silencing of, 18.
Smyrna :

Bombardment, 109.

East Indian squadron off, 16.

Operations before, 18, 20.
Tchanak-Keleshi, bombardment, 128.
Tekeh, bombardment, 129.
Tuzburna, military station destroyed

by H. M.S. Sapphire, 16.
Yenikale Fort, bombardment, 16, 18.
Zunguldak, bombardment by Russian

Fleet, 49-5°. 265. 267, 338, 355.
Turnbull, John, 2nd Engineer, Harpalyce,

328.
Turner :

C. R., F.R.C.S., naval medical con-
sultant, 425.

Stkr. 2nd Cl. H., awarded D.S.M., 288.
Tuzburna, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Tyne River, see under Great Britain.
Tyneside Line (Ltd.), S.S. Blackwood,
owned by, torpedoed, 100.

Us, Austrian submarine, sinking of the
Leon Gambetta by, 408-9.

US:

Operations against, rewards in connec-
tion with, 467.
Prisoners from, special treatment of,

99, 309, 4J3, 41?-
Sunk in the Channel, 48-9.
U Q, 216.

U I2\

Officers and men prisoners in England,

treatment of, 309.

Operations against, rewards in connec-
tion with, 467, 468.
Sunk by H.&.S. Ariel, 100.
U 16, interview with commander, 227-8.
U 27, S.S. Delmira attacked by, 216.
U 28\

Seizure of Dutch ship Batavier V. by,

198-9.
Sinking of Dutch S.S. Medea by, 216,

344. 343, 344, 34^-
U 29:

S.S. Auguste Conseil torpedoed by,

143.

Loss of, 214-16.
Uji, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
, Uleaborg, Russian S.S., destroyed by

Germans in Gulf of Bothnia, 262.
United Kingdom, see Great Britain.
United States of America :

Ambassador in England, see Page,

W. H.
British Ambassador, see Rice, Rt. Hon.

Sir Cecil Spring.
Cotton cargoes for neutral ports in

Northern Europe, arrangement re,

80-1.

Counsellor, State Department, see Lan-
sing, Robert.
Exports to, from Germany and Austria,

Herr Ballin on, 340.
German Ambassador, see Bernstorff,

Count.
German Naval Attache, see Boy-Ed,

Capt.
Newport News :

British ships at, detention of, 164-5.

Kronprinz Wilhelm at, 329-31.

Prinz Eitel Friedrich at : 162-70.
Cleaning, etc., of bottom of, 384.
Philadelphia Ledger, protest against

attentions paid to commander of

Prinz Eitel Friedrich, 162-3.
Press comments on sinking of S.S.

Falaba, 235-6, 236, 241.

543

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY— NAVAL

United States of America (continued) :
alleged Rejection by France and Great

Britain of proposal by, reply, 7.
Secretary of State, see Bryan, W. J.
Ship detained or captured at sea by

H.M. Naval Forces, 294.
Ships whose cargoes, or part of them,
have been detained, 292,293, 471,472.
Washington, British Embassy, memor-
andum from U.S.A. Department of
State re Prinz Eitel Friedrich, 168-9.
Uranium, S.S., accommodation of pri-
soners in, 392.

Ure, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.
Usk, H.M.S., action at Kiao-Chau, 271.

Vailly, see under France.

Valparaiso, see under Chile.

Van Dyke, S.S., question as to where-
abouts of, 184.

Van Es, P. A., and Co., Rotterdam, S.S.
Amstel owned by, mined, 229.

Vanilla, trawler, sinking of, by submarine,
369-70.

Varian, Sen. Eng. Alfred Daniel, R.N.R.
Officers' Decoration conferred on, 291.

Vengeance, H.M.S., Dardanelles opera-
tions, 4, 17, in, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118,

119, 120, 121, 127, 129, 133, 139.

Venning, Corp. William Henry, awarded

D.S.C., 288.

Verite, Dardanelles operations, no.
Victoria, S.S., German submarine attack
. on, 98.

Victoria Cross, see under Great Britain,
Viking, H.M.S., U 8 hunted by, 49.
Viknor, H.M.S., 40.

Ville de Lille, sinking of, by U 16, 227.
Villers-Cotterets, see under France.
Vindau, see under Russia.
Voiskovoy, Russian torpedo-boat, in the

Baltic, 262.
Von der Tann, German Dreadnought

cruiser, 165.
Vosges, S.S., cargo vessel :

Escape from submarine, 223^6.

Testimony to conduct in attack by

submarine, 437.
Vulcan, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

129.

Wadley, John, 3rd engineer, Harpalyce,

328.
Waistell, Capt., and King's visit to the

Fleet, 217.

544

Wakamiya, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.
Walker, Vice-Admiral (ret.) Thomas

Philip, appointment as temp. Captain,

R.N.R., 468.
Walls, Corp. Thomas Andrew, awarded

D.S.C., 288.

Wallsend, see under Great Britain.
Walton, P.O. 2nd Cl. Matthew J., awarded

D.S.M., 289.
Warrior, H.M.S., alleged sinking of, in

North Sea fight, 323.
Washington, see under United States.
Wason, Cathcart, M.P., questions in the
House :

Lerwick explosion, 350-1, 395.

Reprisals on prisoners in Germany, 421.

Sailors and support of illegitimate

children, 577.
Waterlow, Lieut.-Comdr. J. B., H.M.S.

Blenheim, mentioned in despatches,

and promotion and decoration recom-
mended, 112.
Watson, Lieut. Graham, Royal Scots,

German reprisals on, 411.
Watt, H. A., M.P., questions in the House :

Ships used for internment of prisoners,

43-

Yachting in Scottish estuaries, 447.
Wavell-Paxton, Lieut., Coldstream Guards,

German reprisals on, 411.
Wawn, Capt. F., Harpalyce : 327, 328.

Loss of, 328.

Wayfarer, S.S., torpedoed, 331, 334.
Wear, H.M.S., Dardanelles operations,

133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142.
Webb, Lieut. Arthur Brooke, H.M.S.

Triumph, and destruction of E 15, 367.
Webster and Barraclough, West Hartle-

pool, S.S. Alston owned by, submarine

struck by, 98.
Weddigen, Lieut.-Comdr. Otto :

Career of, 215-16.

Loss of, on U 29, 215-16.
Wells, see under Great Britain.
Wenlock, trawler, rescue of survivors from

S.S. Falaba, 239, 255.
Westaway, Stkr. P.O. S. awarded D.S.M.,

287.
White, Ch. Writer S. G., awarded D.S.M.,

288.

von Wiegand, Herr, interview with Com-
mander of U 16, 227-8.
Wilhelm H., Kaiser :

Herr Ballin on, 339-40, 341.

INDEX

Wilhelm IL, Kaiser (continued)^.

Letter of condolence sent to widow
of Lieut. - Comdr. Otto Weddigen,
216.

on Responsibility for war, 339.
Telegram to Admiral von Tirpitz, and
conferring on, of Cross with Swords
of Grand Commander of the Royal
Order of the House of Hohenzollern,
408.

William P. Frye, 167, 241, 346.
Williams :

Chief Engineer Harold Richard, H.M.S.

Bayano, loss of, 159.
Vice-Admiral Hugh Pigot, placed on

Retired List, 468.

Mr., representing Elder, Dempster and
Co., at inquest on bodies recovered
from S.S. Falaba, 238.
Williamson, Lieut.-Comdr., at Dardanelles,

17-18.
Wilson :

Admiral Sir Arthur Knyvet, position

of, 1-2.
Flight-Lieut. John, attack on German

submarines at Zeebrugge, 311.
Tyson, M.P., questions in the House :
Joiners at Rosyth, pay, 438.
Royal Dockyards, increased pay,

arrears, 424.
Wintonia, H.M, Patrol Yacht, 224,

225.
Wise, Mrs., Bury St. Edmunds, damage

to shop in Zeppelin raid, 460.
Wolf, H.M.S., wreck of, 1830, 53-4.
Wolverine, H .M.S., Dardanelles operations,

112, 122.

Wood, Capt., U.S. Army, proceedings re

S.S. Odenwald, 196-7.
Woolley, Midshipman John, H.M.S.

Triumph, and destruction of E 75,

367-

Wrentham, see under Great Britain.

Wrexham, S.S., chase by German sub-
marine, 98.

Wright, Capt George, of drifter Eileen
Emma, account of sinking of S.S. Falaba,
233, 239.

Wyfvege, see under Belgium.

Xeros, Gulf of, see Saros, Gulf of.

Yabuki, Japanese cruiser : 282.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.

in the South Seas, 276.
Yahagi, Japanese cruiser, 270.
Yakumo, Japanese cruiser : 281.

in the Indian Ocean, 274.

Operations at Kiao-Chau, 271.
Yamanasi, Capt. Katsunosin, on staff of

British Commander-in-Chief in the

Eastern Seas, 274.
Yamasiro, Japanese battleship, 281.
Yamato, Japanese coast defence boat,

282.

Yanagi, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Yates, W. B., Chairman of Committee re

compensation to seamen for loss of

effects, 397-8.

Yekaze, Japanese destroyer, 283.
Yenikale Fort, see under Turkey-in-Asia.
Yeoward Line, sinking of S.S. Aguila,

owned by, 228, 229.
Yodo, Japanese gunboat : 282.

in the Eastern and China Seas, 273.
Young, Actg. Boatswain R. G., H.M.S.

Cornwallis, mentioned in despatches,

112.
Younger, Sir George, question re special

treatment of submarine prisoners, 445.
Youngs, Able Seaman Peter Robert, award

of D.S.M., 467.
Ystroom, Dutch S.S., 201.

seizure

Zaanstroom, Dutch ship,

Germans, 198-202, 344.
Zeebrugge, see under Belgium.
Zevenbergen, Dutch ship, bombs thrown

at, by German aeroplane, 199-200, 344.
Zunguldak, see under Turkey-in-Asia.

NAVAL 4

2 M

545

Printed by T. and A. CONSTABLE, Printers to His Majesty
at the Edinburgh University Press

D The Times, London

505 The Times documentary

T5 history of the war

v.11

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "The Times documentary history of the war"

See other formats